Skip to main content

Full text of "Flora australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian territory"

See other formats 


Sljp  ®.  1.  liU  IGthrara 


5Jnrtb  (Haroltna  ^latp  (ToUpQe 

V.5 


S00467973    - 


4475S1 


This  book  mtist  not  be  taken 
from  the  Library  building 

EXCEPT  WITH  THE  SPECIAL  PERMISSION 
OF  THE  LIBRARIAN 


lOM 


FLORA  AUSTRALIENSIS. 


FLORA  AUSTRALIENSIS : 


A  DESCRIPTION 


PLANTS  OF  THE  AUSTEALIAN  TEERITOEY. 


BY 

GEORGE  BENTHAM,  F.R.S.,  P.L.S., 

ASSISTED    BT 

FERDINAND  MUELLER,  M.D.,  C.M.G.,  F.R.S.  &  L.S., 

GOVEENMBNT    BOIANIST,   MKLBOUBNB,  VICTOEIA. 


VOL.  V, 

MYOPORINEM    TO    PROTEACEJE. 


PUBLISHED    UNDER    THE    AUTHORITY    OF    THE    SEVERAL    GOVERNMENTS 
OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    COLONIES. 


LONDON : 
L.  REEVE  &  CO.,  5,  HENKIETTA  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN. 

1870. 


pisc-  -   \  -^  5  4  4 


tOlTDON  : 

SAVIIL,    BnwAHDS   ANB   00.,   PBINTBBS,   OHAlTrOS   STBBKT, 

COVENT   QABDEK. 


CONTENTS. 


Pape 

CONSPECTUS    OF    TIIE    OrDERS  vii 

Order     XC.  Myoporineaj 1 

XCl.  Selaginea; 31 

XCII.  Verbenaceae 31 

XCIII.  Labiatfe        70 

XCIV.  Plantagineffi 137 

XCV.  Phytolaccaceae 142 

XCVI.  Chenopodiacefe 150 

XCVII.  AmarantacefB 208 

XCVIII.  Paronychiaceje 258 

XCIX.  Polygonaceffi 261 

C.  Nyctagine» 276 

CI.  Myristicepe 281 

CII.  Monimiaceffi 282 

CIII.  Laurineas 293 

CIV.  Proteaceae 315 

Addenduni 584 


CONSPECTUS   OF  THE   ORDERS    CONTAINED   IN 
THE   FIFTH  VOLUME. 


Class.  I.   DICOTYLEDONS. 

SuBCLASs  II.   MONOPETAL^. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  IV.) 

{Ovary  in  the  foVowing  Orders  snperior,  vsually  2-celled  or  the  cells  divided  so  as  to 
be  apparp,ntl}i  4  celled,  tvith  Ipair  of  ovules  or  rurely  1  ovule  or2  superposed  pairs  of 
ovuies  to  each  true  cell.) 

XC.    Myoporine^.      Shrubs.      Leaves    alternate.     Stamens    usually  4,  in    pairs 
anthers  when  open  reniform  and  1-celled  by  confluence.     Ovary  not  lobed,  the  style 
terminal.     Miciopyle  and  radicle  superior. 

XOL  Selagine^.  Herbs  or  small  undershrubs.  Leaves  alternate  or  the  lower 
ones  opposite.  Stamens  usiiaily  4,  in  pairs  ;  anthers  straight,  1-celied.  Ovary  not 
lobed,  the  style  terniinal.     Micropyie  and  radicle  superior. 

XCIL  Verbenace^.  Herbs  shriibs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite  or  rarely  alternate. 
Stamens  2  or  4,  in  pairs,  or  rarely  equal  and  isomerous  with  tlie  corolla-Iobes ;  anthers  2- 
celled.  Ovary  not  at  all  or  scarcely  lobed,  the  style  terminal.  Micropyle  and  radicle 
inferior. 

XCIII.  Labiat^.  Herbs  or  slirubs.  Leaves  opposite.  Stamens  2  or  4,  in  pairs  ; 
anthers  2-celled  or  1-celled  by  aboriicm  or  by  confluence.  Ovary  deeply  lobed,  the  style 
neariy  basal  between  tlie  lobes.     Micropyle  and  radicle  interior. 

XCIV.  Plantagine^e.  Herbs.  Leaves  radical  or  tufted,  rarely  scattered.  Flowers 
resular,  the  corolla  luith  4  spreading  scarious  lobes.  Stamens  4  or  fewer,  equal; 
anthers  2-celIed.     Ovary  not  lobed,  with  a  terminal  style.     Seeds  peltate. 

SuBCLASs  III.   MONOCHLAMYDE^. 

Perianth  really  or  apparently  simple,  the  lobes  or  segments  all  calycine  or  herbaceous, 
or  all  petal-Iike  or  scarious,  or  entirely  wanting  (rarely  petals  or  petal-Iike  staminodia 
in  a  few  Euphorbiacece  or  Phytolaccacece). 

*  Ovary  [except  in  ^yctagineie?)  formed  of  several  carpels,  but  1-celled  and  usuaUy 
i-ovulate  {except  in  a  reryfew  PhytolaccaceaB  and  Amarantaceae).  Embryo  excentrical 
or  curved;  albumen  mealy,  rarely  icanting  (Curvembryse). 

XCV.  Phytolaccace^.  Herbs  undershrubs  or  rarely  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate, 
without  stipules.     Ovules  1  to  eachcarpel. 

XCVI.  Chenopopiace.5;.  Herbs  or  undershrubs,  often  succulent  or  scaly-tomentose. 
Leaves  alternate  or  rarely  opposite,  without  stipules.  Perianth  usually  herbaceous. 
Ovary  (of  2  or  3  carpels)  l-celled,  with  2  or  3  styles  or  style-branches  and  only  1 
ovule. 

XCVII.  AMARANTACE.a;.     Herbs  or  undershrubs,  rarely  shrubs.     Leaves  altemate  or 


D.  H.  HILL  LIBRARY 
North  Carolina  State  College 


Viii  CONSPECTUS    OF    THE    OKDEHS. 

opposite,  without  stipules.  Perianth  usually  more  or  less  scarious  or  coloured.  Ovary 
(of  2  or  3  carpels)  1-celled,  with  2  or  3  styles  or  style-branches  and  only  1  ovule  or 
rarclv  a  clustor  of  ovulcs,  bearing  no  relation  in  number  to  that  of  thc  carpels. 

XCVIII.  Paronychiace^.  Herbswithlhe  charRcter  o{  A^naraniacece,  except  that 
thc  leaves  (usually  opposite)  are  accompanied  by  small  scarious  stipules  or  connected 
by  a  raiscd  liue  or  narrow  menibrane. 

XCIX.  PoLYaoNACE^.  Herbs  or  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate  ;  stipules  usually  thin 
or  scarious,  fonning  a  shcath  or  ring  round  the  stem.  Ovary  (of  2  or  3  carpels)  1- 
celled,  with  2  or  3  styles  or  style-branches  and  only  1  ovule. 

0.  Nyctaoine^.  Herbs  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  usually  opposite,  without  stipules. 
Lower  portion  of  the  perianth  persistent  and  enclosing  the  ovary  and  fruit,  the  upper 
portion  deciduous  or  withering.  Ovary  1-celled  with  1  ovule  and  an  undivided 
style. 

**  Ovary  apocarpous  or  more  frequently  reduced  to  a  siiigle  more  or  kss  oblique 
carpel,  1-celkd  with  a  single  one  or  apair  of  ovules  and  a  single  excentrical  or  ohlique 
style  or  stigma.     Emhryo  small  or  amygdaloid;  albumen  jleshy  or  none. 

CI.  Myristice^.  Trees.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers  dioecious.  Perianth-lobea 
1-seriate  valvate.  Stamens  united  in  a  central  column.  Carpel  1.  Embryo  very  small 
at  the  base  of  a  ruminate  albumen. 

CII.  MoNiMiACE^.  Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  opposite.  Perianth-lobes  in  2  or 
more  rows.  Stamens  opposite  the  perianth  lobes  or  indefinite.  Carpels  usually 
eeveral.     Embryo  very  small  in  a  fleshy  albumen. 

CIII.  Laukine^.  Trces  or  shrubs  with  alternate  or  rarely  opposite  leaves  or  (ia 
Cassytha)  leafless  parasitical  twiuers.  Perianth-segments  usually  in  2  rows.  Stamens 
opposite  the  perianth-segments ;  anther-cells  opening  in  deciduous  valves.  Carpel  1. 
Fruit  succulent.     Albumen  none.     Radicle  superior. 

CIV.  PROTEACEiE.  Trees  or  shrubs,  rarely  undersbrubs.  Leaves  alternate  or  rarely 
opposite.  Perianth-segments  4,  valvate.  Stamens  opposite  the  periauthsegments  and 
inserted  on  them.     Carpel  1.     Albumen  none.     Eadicle  inferior. 


FLOEA  AUSTEALIENSIS. 


Okder  XC.   MT0P0RINE.«1. 

Flowers  irreg^ular  or  rarely  nearly  reg-iilar,  Calyx  persistent,  more 
or  less  deeply  tootlied  or  divided  into  6,  rarely  4,  lobes  or  seg-ments. 
Corolla  with  4  or  5,  rarely  more,  lobes  more  or  less  2-lipped  or  nearly 
equal,  imbricate  in  the  bud,  the  upper  lip  or  lobes  outside  (or  rarely 
inside  ?).  Stamens  usually  4,  in  pairs,  inserted  in  the  tube  of  the  corolla 
and  alternating-  with  its  lower  lobes,  rarely  nearly  ec[ual  and  as  many  as 
corolla-lobes ;  anther-cells  opening  longitudinally,  at  tirst  nearly  paral- 
lel,  coniluent  at  the  apex,  and  usually  when  open  forming  a  single  reni- 
form  cell.  Ovary  free,  not  lobed,  normally  2-celled,  with  2  collateral 
ovules,  or  2  or  3  superposed  pairs  of  collateral  ovules  in  each  cell,  at- 
tached  to  the  incurved  margins  of  a  placenta  projecting  from  the  dissepi- 
ment  so  as  to  divide  each  cell  more  or  less  perfectly  into  2,  Avith  one  of 
the  ovules  of  each  pair  in  each  half-cell,  or  sometimes  the  ovary  divided 
from  the  first  into  2  to  4,  or  in  extra-Australian  species  more,  cells  with 
one  ovule  in  each  cell.  Ovules  pendulous,  anatropous,  with  a  superior 
micropyle.  Style  simple,  undivided,  or  obscurely  notched  at  the  apex. 
Fruit  a  dry  or  succulent  drupe,  the  endocarp  2-  to  4-  or  rarely  more- 
celled  or  1-celled  by  abortion,  or  separating  into  as  many  pyrenes.  Seeds 
usually  solitary  in  each  cell  or  half-cell,  very  rarely  2  or  3  superposed, 
albuminous  in  the  species  where  they  have  been  seen  ripe,  but  the 
albumen  sometimes  thin ;  embryo  straight,  with  a  superior  radicle. — 
Shrubs  or  rarely  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  scattered,  or  rarely  strictly 
opposite,  undivided.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  or  in  clusters  of  2,  3, 
or  more.  Bracts  at  the  base  of  the  pedicels  very  small  or  none,  no 
bracteoles  on  the  pedicels. 

The  Order  is  chiefly  Australian,  and  two  genera  entirely  so  ;  a  third  extends  sparingly 
over  the  Indian  Archipelago,  the  Pacific  Islands,  and  tropical  Africa ;  and  there  is  a  fourth 
monotypic  tropical  American  genus.  The  affinity  of  this  Order  with  Verbenaceae  is  so 
striking  that  some  have  proposed  uniting  the  two,  but  the  superior  radicle  has,  on  ex- 
amination,  proved  so  constant  a  distinction,  that  I  have  followed  Brown  and  others  in 
maintaining  the  two  as  separate  Orders.  The  three  genera,  very  distinct  as  to  tho 
majority  of  their  species,  run  80  much  into  one  another,  through  intermediate  species 
with  the  characters  differently  combined,  that  it  is  impossible  to  ascribe  to  them  any 
absoUite  limits. 

VOL,  V.  B 

—     / 


2  xc.   MYOPORINE^.  [Myoporum. 

Corolla  usually  canipanulate,  neaily  regular,  rarcly  shortly 
cylindrical  at  tho  haRe.  Ovary  usually  2-  to_4-  or  more 
celied,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell,  rarely  ^-celled  with  2  ovules 
in  each  ct-ll .•     •       !•  MvoroRUM. 

Corolla  usuaily  tubular  at  the  base,  with  a  more  or  less  irre- 
gular  limb.  Ovary  2-celied,  with  2  or  rarely  1  ovule  in  each 
cell 2.  Pholidia. 

Coroila  usually  tubuhir  at  the  base,  with  a  niore  or  less  irre- 
guiar  linib.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  2  or  3  superposed  pairs,  or 
rarely  1  pair  only  of  ovules  in  each  cell 3.  Eremophila. 

1.  MYOPORUM,  Banks  and  Soland. 

(Polyccelium  andDhoon,  DC.) 

Calyx  divided  to  the  middle  or  nearly  to  tlie  ])ase  into  5  lobes  or  seg-- 
ments  not  enlar^-ed  after  flovvering-.  Corolla-tvdje  iisually  short  and 
ahnost  cainpanulate  or  shortly  cyHndrical  at  the  base,  lohes  5,  nearly 
equal  and  regiilar,  or  the  lowest  rather  harger.  Stamens  4,  alternating' 
with  the  lower  lobes,  or  rarely  5,  all  nearly  equal,  and  scarcely  pro- 
truding-  or  shortly  exserted.  Ovary  2-  to  4-celled,  or  in  species  not 
Australian  5-  or  6-celled,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell,  or  rarely  2-celled 
with  2  ovides  in  each  cell.  Drupe  usually  small,  but  more  or  less 
succulent.  —  Shrubs  (or  undershrubs  ?).  Leaves  alternate  or  rarely 
opposite,  entire  or  toothed.  Pedicels  axillary,  usually  clustered.  Flowers 
small,  mostly  white. 

The  gcnus  is  represented  by  a  few  species  in  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  tlie  Pacific 
islands,  and  by  one  species  in  tropical  Africa.  Of  ihe  thirteen  Australian  species  here 
enumerated,  one  mfty  bc  the  same  as  a  New  Caledonian  one,  the  others  appear  to  be  all 
endemic. 

Sect.  I.  Eumyoporum. —  Cahjx  small,  narroiv.  Ovary  2-  to  A-celled,  with  1  ovule 
in  each  ccll.     Fruit  globular  or  ovoid,  not  compressed. 

Erect  or  divaricatc  shrubs.    Leaves  from  lanceolate  to  obovatc. 

Corolla    moro    or    less    bcarded    inside,    or    rarely   quite 

glabrous.     Perfect  stamens  4. 
Leaves   acute   or   acuniinate,  entire  or  very  rarcly  slightly 

serrate.     CoroIIa-Iobes  usually  shorter  tlian  the  tube     .     .       1.  M.  acuminatum. 
Leaves  obtuse,  acute,  or  acuminate,   some  usually  serrate. 

Corollalobes  usually  as  long  as  the   tube.     (Southern  or 

Western  seacoast  or  salt  plant) 2.  M.  serratum. 

Erect  shrubs.     Leaves  lanceolate  or  lincar,  entire.    Corolla  not 

bearded  at  the  throat.     Stamens,  5. 

CoroUa  2  to  3  lines  long ^.  M.  deserti. 

Corolla  4  to  5  lines  long 4.  3/.  laxiflorum. 

Diffuse  or  procumbcnt  shrubs.    Leaves  linear  or  cuneate,  thick. 
Corolla-Iobcs  bcardcd  at  the  base,   as  long  as   the   tube,  or 

nearlyso.     Fruit  globular 5.  M.  parvifolium. 

Corolla-lobes  glabrous,  much  shorter  than  the  tubc,     Fruit 

T,.«.°^°''^        •,■,•,••■■••• &.  3I.hrev\pes. 

DiTuse  or  weak  shrub.     Leaves  opposite 1.  M.oppositifolium. 

Sect.II.  "DiBoo-a.—  Cahjx  smaU,narroio.  Ovary  2-ceUed,  with  1  ov\de  in  each 
cell.    I' rutt  coii pressed. 

Fruit  very  flat,  acute  (about  3  lines  long). 
Leaves  iinear  lanceolate,  acute,  entire  or  scarcely  toothed 

JitoSiu.long 8.  M.platycarpum. 


Mf/oporum.]  xc.  myoporine^e.  3 

Leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  obtuse,  serrate,  5  to  |  in.  long. 

Plant  very  glutinous 9.  il/.  Beckeri. 

Fruit  small  aiid  very  obtuse,  somcwhat  flattencd  (about  1  line 

l.ng). 

Leaves  narrow,  linear,  2  to  4  in.  long        10.  M.Jlorihundum. 

Leaves  minnte,  crowded,  cordate 11.  M.  salsoloules. 

Sect.  III.  Chamaepo^onia. —  Cah/.r-segments  herbaceous.     Ovary  2-celled,  luith 

2  ovules  111  each  cell.     Fruit  sometchat  compressed. 

Calyx-segments  2  to  4  lines  long 12.  31.  debilc. 

Species  insufficienth/  hnoion. 
Calyx  and  foliage   of  some  forms  of  M.  serratuni,   but  ovary 
and  fruit  said  to  be  2-celled,  with  2  ovules  or  seeds  in  each 
cell 13.  M.  mucronulatum. 

Sect.  1.  EuMYOPORUM. — Calyx  small,  narrow.  Ovary  2-  3-  or 
4-celled,  witli  1  ovule  in  eacli  cell.  Fruit  g-lobular  or  ovoid,  not  com- 
pressed. 

The  first  six  species  of  this  Section,  however  different  in  extreme  cases,  run  so  much 
into  each  other  that  they  might  almost  be  reduced  to  varieties  of  a  single  one. 

1.  M.  acuminatum,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  515.  An  erect  g-labrous  slirub, 
exceedingiy  variable  in  stature,  breadtb  of  leaves,  and  size  of  ilowers. 
Leaves  alternate,  in  the  common  forms  varying-  from  elliptical-oblong-  to 
lanceolate  or  linear,  more  or  less  acuminate,  much  contracted  towards 
tbe  base,  quite  entire,  and  l^  to  3  in.  long,  but  sometimes  the  broader 
ones  almost  obovate  and  rather  obtuse,  or  all  smaller,  or  very  rarely 
a  few  of  the  leaves  marked  here  and  there  with  a  few  distant  teeth. 
Pedicels  2  to  4  Hnes  long,  in  axillary  clusters  of  2to  4  or  rather  more,  or 
rarely  solitary.  Calyx-tube  very  short,  segments  narrow,  acute,  rather 
rigid,  rarely  above   1   line  long.     Corolla  almost  campanulate,   about 

3  to  4  lines  long-,  the  lobes  nearly  equal,  spreading,  rather  shorter,  or 
sometimes  much  shorter  than  the  tube,  more  or  less  bearded  inside  as 
well  as  the  tube,  the  hairs  sometimes  almost  disappearing  from  the  lobes, 
but  OTi  a  close  examination  T  have  very  rarely  found  them  quite  absent 
as  in  M.  deserti.  Stamens  4  without  any  rudiment  of  the  fifth  in  the 
numerous  flowers  examined,  although  such  a  rudiment  has  been  observed 
by  others ;  anthers  very  shortly  protruding.  Ovary  most  frequently 
4-celled,  but  occasionally  with  only  3  cells  and  ovules.  Drupe  nearly 
giobular,  2  to  3  lines  diameter,  or  rarely  larger. 

N.  Australia.  Dampier's  Archipelacro  and  Cygnet  Bay,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunning- 
ham;  Nichol  Bay,  N.W.  coast,  Iiidlei/'s  Expedition. 

Queensland.  Common  along  the  coast  from  Cape  Upstart,  M'Gillivray,  to 
Movetnn  Bay,  A.  Cunningham  and  others. 

N.S.  TVales.  Very  commoii  frnm  Port  Jackson  to  the  norlhern  frontier  and  in 
the  desert  interior  to  the  Murray  and  ihe  Barrier  range. 

Victoria.  On  the  Murray  and  adjoining  deserts,  but  apparently  replaced  on  the 
south  coast  by  M.  serratum. 

TV.  Australia.    Murchison  river,  Oldjield,  Drummond,  6th  colh  n.  137. 

This  truly  polymorphous  species,  usually  distinguished  from  31.  serratum  by  its 
acute  or  acuminate  entirc  leaves,  cannot,  however,  be  separated  from  it  by  any  pnsitive 
characters ;  and  on  the  otlif-r  hand  has  been  siibdividedinto  several  races,  or  supposed 
species,  of  which  the  foilowing  are  the  most  marked  ; — 

1.  ellipticum.     Leaves  rather  broad  and   scarcely  acuminate.     Flowers   moderate- 

b2 


4  xc,  MYOPORiNE^.  [Myaporum. 

gized. J/.  eUipticum,  R.  Br.  Prod.  515;  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  707. — About  Port  Jackson, 

R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  223,  and  other.s.  _  _ 

2.  actiinin/itum.  Lcaves  ratlicr  broad,  aciimiiiate,  moetlv  3  to  4  in.  long.  Flowers 
larger  thaii  in  M.  elUpticum.  —  M.  acuwinatum,  E.  Br.  Prod.  515;    A.  DC.  Prod.  xi. 

707. Barnard  aiid-Franklund  ishind^.  M'Gillivi-aif ;  Brisbane  liver,  Moreton  Bay,  i^. 

Mueller  and  others :  l'ort  .lackson,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  222  and  otliers  ;  Hastings 
river  Beckler.  Pogonia  glulra,  Andr.  Bot.  Eep.  t.  283  ;  Andreusia  glabra,  Vent.  Jard. 
Malm.  t.  108,  although  tigured  with  5  equal  stamens,  is  probably  this  form. 

3.  parvijlorum .  Leavcs  of  the  tvpical  form,  or  rathcr  smaller  and  narrow.  Flowers 
smaller  the  beard  of  the  corolla  copious  or  rarc,  or  sometimes  noiie  at  all. — M.  tenui- 
foUum,'\\.  Br.  Prod.  515;  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  711,  au  Forst.? — Queensland  coast,  Kcppel 
and  Shoalwatcr  Bays,  etc.  R.  Broicn ;  islands  ofl'  the  coast,  MGillivray,  F.  Mueller, 
and  othcrs  ;  Pockiiigham  Bay  and  Kockhampton,  iJallachy  and  others  ;  Moreton  Bay 
and  other  parts  of  the  coast,  A.  Cunningham.  Some  of  the  N.W.  specimens  appear 
also  to  belong  to  this  form. 

4.  angustifolium.  Lcaves  narrow-lanceolate  or  almost  lincar,  but  on  longer  petioles 
and  more  acute  than  in  M.  deserti,  the  lobcs  of  the  corolla  sometinics  almost,  or  even 
quite,  glabrous,  but  often  much  bearded,  and  the  upper  stainen  wanting  (or  .smail  and 
abortivc?) — M.  inontannm,  II.  Br.  Prod.  515;  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  708  ;  31.  Cunninghamii, 
Bentli,  in  Hueg.  Enum.  78  ;  A.  DC.  1.  c.  707  ;  M.  cyanantherum  and  M.  Dampieri,  A. 
Cunn.  in  A.  DC.  1.  c.  708 — Port  Jackson  and  Mount  Hunter,  R.  Broicn,  but  chiefly  in 
the  interior  of  Queensland  and  N.  S.  Wales,  cxtcnding  to  the  Murray,  the  Banier 
Eange,  and  to  Coopcr's  Creek.  To  this  forni  also  belong  most  of  the  specimens  frora 
the  N.W.  coast  as  well  as  those  froni  Murcliison  river. 

The  species  is  clo.sely  allied  to,  and  perhaps  should  include,  the  New  Caledonian  M. 
tenuifolium,  Forst.,  a  narae  which  in  that  case  would  claiin  the  priority  over  Brown'8. 
But  on  exaniining  our  New  Caledonian  specimens  (Viellard  n.  1091  and  Deplanche  n. 
356),  I  find  that,  although  they  resemble  some  Queensland  ones  o^  Xhev&r.  parvifiorum 
yet  the  corolla  is  more  perfectly  glabrous  inside,  and  the  fifth  stamen  is  present, 
although  with  a  narrow  barren  anther.  1  have  great  doubts,  however,  whether  this 
character  will  prove  constant. 

2,  M.  serratum,  R.  Br.  Prod.  516,  An  erect  or  somewhat  diffuse 
shrul),  attaininji-  sevcral  feet  and  usually  glahrous,  still  more  variahle  in 
foHag"e  and  ilowers  tlian  M.  acuminatum,  and  sometimes  very  difficult  to 
disting-uish  from  that  sj^ecies,  whilst  some  of  the  forms  enumerated 
helow  may  he  thought  hy  many  to  he  sjiecifieally  distinct,  Generally 
speaking'  the  leaves  are  elUptical-ohlong'  or  hmceohite,  ohtuse  or  acute, 
and  more  or  less  serrate,  hut  in  a  few  maritime  specimens  they  are  all 
or  nearly  all  entire,  cuneate-ohlong'  and  ohtuse,  Flowers  usually  smaller 
than  in  M.  acnminatum,  and  several  in  each  axil,  but  sometimes  quite  as 
larg-e  as  in  that  species,  Calyx-lohes  or  seginents  varying-  fron  lanceo- 
late  and  under  |  hne  long-,  to  suhulate  and  1|  Hnes.  Corolla-lobes 
usually  as  long-  as  the  tuhe,  abundantly  or  sparing-ly  hearded  inside,  at 
least  at  the  base.  Stamens  4,  not  exceeding-  the  corolla-lobes,  and 
sometimes  scarcely  ])rotruding'  from  the  tuhe,  Ovary-cells  2  to  4,  but 
more  frequently  3  tlian  2  or  4,  with  1  ovule  in  each  celL  Fruit  g-lobu- 
lar  or  ovoid,  not  comj^ressed,  from  1  to  2  hnes  diameter,  or  even  larg-er, 
but  all  the  hn-g-e  ones  appear  to  be  deformed  by  the  puncture  of  some 
insect, — A,  DC,  Prod  xi,  709 ;  Bartl,  in  Pl  Preiss,  i,  350 ;  M.  insnlare, 
R,  Lr,  Prod,  51G;  A,  DC.  1,  c.  708;  Bartl.  in  Ph  Preiss,  i.  349;  M. 
tasmanicnm,  A.  DC.  Prod,  x.  709;  Hook.  f.  Fl,  Tasm.  i.  287. 

N.  S,  Wales,     Apparently  rare  and  only  towards  the  Victorian  frontier. 
Victoria,     Along  tiie  wiiole  coast  from  Gipps  Land  to  the   Glcnelg,  F.  Mueiler 
and  many  others ;  ^Ninimera,  Dallachy. 


Myoporitm.']  xc.   MYOPoniNE^.  5 

Tasmania.     Kenfs  group,  li.  Broicn  ;  common  aloiig  the  N.  coast,  J.  D.  Hooher. 

S.  Australia.     Spencer's  gulf  avid  otlierparts  of  the  coast,  It.  Brown  and  others. 

'W.  Australia.  From  the  Great  Bight,  Maxwcll,  and  King  George^s  Sound,  B. 
Brown  and  many  others,  to  Murchison  River,  Oldfield,  Drunimond ;  Dirk  Hartog'8 
Isiand,  A.  CunniiKjham,  Milne,  and  tiie  Abrolhos,  Bijnoe. 

The  principal  f»rms  are  the  {ullowing  : — 

1.  ohovatum.  Leaves  obovate,  oblong,  rather  broad,  obtuse.  Ovary  very  frequently 
2-celled  only,  as  fignred  Bot.  Reg.  1845,  t.  15. — M.  athcendens,  R.  Br.  Prod.  516. 
A.  UC.  Prod.  xi.  710. — Chiefly  in  Tasmania  and  tlie  sea-coast  of  Victoria,  S.  Australia, 
and  King  George's  Sound. 

2.  apiculatum.  Leaves  linear-cuneate,  4  to  1  in.  long,  obtuse  or  mucronate,  thick 
and  often  entire. — M.  apiculatum,  A.  UC.  Prod.  xi.  707. — Station  uncertain,  probably 
W.  coast,  Baudin's  Expedition.  The  above  quoted  specimens  from  Uirk  Hartog's 
Island  and  the  Abrolhos,  are  very  near  it,  but  the  leaves  are  broader.  They  are  still 
tbick  and  entire,  but  some  of  the  Murchison  river  specimens  have  both  the  narrow 
and  entire,  and  large  and  serrate  leaves  (all  thick)  on  the  same  specimen. 

3.  tuherculatum.  Ijeaves  narrow,  mostly  serrate,  rather  thick  and  obtuse,  sprinkled 
or  covered  with  raised  glandnlar  dots. — M.  tuhercidatum,  R.  Br.  Prod.  516;  A.  UC 
Prod.  xi.  710.  Baitl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  349. — King  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown  and  others  ; 
Swan  river,  Preiss.  n.  1351  (the  hitter  approaching  the  var.  apiculatum). 

4.  suhserratum,  Leaves  mostly  oblong  or  lanceojate,  serrate,  not  very  thick.  Calyx- 
segments  short,  as  in  all  the  preceding  forms. — M.  suhserratum,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preii^s.  i. 
350. — S.  coast  of  W.  Au.-.tralia,  King  George's  Sound,  E.  Brown  and  others,  extending 
to  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Preiss.  n  1247,  and  eastward  to  the  Great  Bight,  Maxwell. 
This  may  be  considered  as  the  typical  M.  serratum,  the  typical  31.  insulare  only 
differing  in  the  leaves  being  altogether  larger. 

5.  puhescens.  Like  the  preceding  variety,  but  the  branches,  leaves  and  calyxes 
copiously  pubescent,  with  short  spreading  hairs.  Ovary  2-ceIled  only  in  the  flowers 
examiiied.— Gale's  Brook,  W.  Australia,  Maxivell. 

6.  glandulosum.  Leaves  small  in  some  specimens,  1  to  2  in.  long  in  others;  almost 
ovate,  very  tuberculate-glandular  (more  so  than  in  the  var.  tuherculatum).  Flowers 
small. — M.  viscosum,  R.  Br.  Prod.  516;  A.  UC.  Prod.  xi.  710;  31.  c/landulosum,  A. 
UC.  1.  c.  709,  and  (according  to  A.  UC.)  Bertolonia  glandidosa,  Spin.  Jard.  S.  Sebast. 
25.  f.  2. — Coast  of  S,  Australia,  R.  Brown  and  others. 

7.  gracile.  Leaves  usually  narrow,  always  acute  and  mostly  serrate,  thinner  than 
in  most  of  the  preceding  forms.  Pedicels  slender.  Calyx-Iobes  subulate,  often  1  to  l^ 
lines  long,  but  very  variable.  Ovary  cells  usually  3. — M.  caprarioides,  Benth.in  Hueg. 
Enum.  77  ;  A.  UC.  Prod.  xi.  707,  M.  gracile,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  360,  A.  UC.I.c.708. 
— Common  in  W.  Australia,  Preiis.  n.  1350,  Drummond,  Oldfield.  Some  of  Brown'3 
Bpecimens  are  very  nearly,  if  not  quite,  identical  with  this  form. 

8.  parviflorum.  Leaves  small  and  narrow,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  often  tnberculate. 
Flowers  and  fruits  very  small.  Calyx-segments  slender,  as  in  the  last  variety.  Ovary 
cells  2  or  3. — Murchison  river,  Oldfitld. 

All  the  above  varieties  appear  to  be  connected  by  several  intermediate  forms. 

3.  M.  deserti,  A.  Cwm. ;  Benth.  in  Hueg.  Emtm.  78.  An  erect, 
glabrous  shrub,  nearly  resembling-  the  narrow-leaved  varieties  of  31. 
aciiminattim,  but  the  leaves  still  narrower,  linear  or  linear-lanceolate, 
acute  or  almost  obtuse,  entire,  rather  tliick,  1  to  2  in,  long-,  and  nar- 
rowed  into  a  very  short  petiole.  Pedicels  often  several  together,  rather 
thick,  and  almost  always  remarkably  recurved.  Calyx  and  corolla 
about  the  size  of  the  smaller-flowered  varieties  of  31.  acuminatum,  but 
the  corolla  very  reg-ular,  without  any  or  with  scarcely  any  hairs  in  the 
throat.  Stamens  5,  all  equal  in  every  one  of  the  numerous  flowers 
examined,  the  anthers  not  exserted.  Ovary  2-celled  or  very  rarely  3- 
celled,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell.  Fruit  ovoid,  *'  yellowish,"  2  to  3  lines 
long-,  not  compressed,  usually  with  2  cells  and  seeds. — A,  DC.  Prod.  xi. 


G  xc.   MYOPORlNEiE.  [Myoponim. 

707 ;   M.  strictiiin  and  M.  patcns,  A.  Cunn.  in  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  708  ;  M. 
dulcc,    Bentb.  in  Mitcb.  Trop.  Austr.  384 ;  31.  rugulosum,  F.  Muell.  in 

LilllKI'!!.    XXV.   4i??. 

Queensland.  BnRl.-kin  riv.>r,  F  Muelhr;  Belyando  and  Balonne  rivers,  Mitchell; 
KcniDiil  Cr.tk,  Bowma» ;  Darliiig  Dnwns,  Lau. 

Jt.  S.  Wales.  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cunvivgham;  from  the  Murray  and  Parling  to 
tliu  Barrier  Uange,  Victorian  and  other  Expeditions ;  Mudgee,  Woolls;  New  Eng- 
land,  C.  Stuart. 

Victoria.     Jlurray  river  and  Bacchus  Marsh,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.  Froni  the  Murray  to  St.  Vincenfs  Gulf,  Flinders  Eange,  &c.,  F. 
Muelkr;  iii  the  interior,  M'Doiiall StuarCs  Expedition. 

W.  Australia.     .Fslnary  of  the  Murchisou,  OlJfield ;  Shark's  Bay,  Milne. 

4.  M.  laxiflomim,  Bcnth.  An  erect  shrub,  closely  allied  to  M. 
descrti,  with  the  fblitio-e  and  habit  of  tbe  broader  leaved  forms  of  that 
species,  diiferin}>-  chietiy  in  the  hirg-er  ilowers.  Leaves  narrow-lanceo- 
hite,  acute,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole.  Pedicels  solitary  or  2  or  3 
too-ether,  often  i  in.  long-.  Calyx-lobes  rather  long-er  than  in  M.  deserti. 
CoroUa  fidly  5  lines  long-,  the  lobes  bearded  inside  at  the  base  or  nearly 
g-labrous.  Stamens  5,  all  equal,  included  in  the  tube.  Ovary  2-celled, 
witli  one  ovule  in  each  cell.  Drupe  succulent,  with  a  hard  putamen, 
not  comjiresscd. — Eremophila  myoporoides,  F.  Muell.  Frag'm.  v.  23. 

Queensland.     Cape  rivcr,  Bowman  ;  Rockhamjiiton,  Thozet. 

I  examined  4  ovaries  and  found  them  all  2-celled,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell,  and  the 
dnipe  I  cut  across  had  also  only  2  seeds;  but  in  one  drupe  dissected  by  F.  Mueller  tiiere 
■were  4  cells  and  seeds.  The  ripe  drupes  were,  liowever,  all  loose  in  the  sheets  with  the 
Bpecimens,  and  this  one  may  have  got  mixed  among  them  from  sume  other  species. 

5.  M.  parvifolium,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  516.  Stems  procumbent,  ex- 
tending"  sonietiines  to  2  ft.  or  more,  the  whole  plant  g-hibrous.  Leaves 
scattered,  rather  crowded,  linear  or  linear-spathulate,  obtuse,  or  rarely 
ahnost  acute,  entire,  tliick,  and  sometimes  succulent,  contracted  at  the 
base,  and  sometimes  shortly  petiohite,  all  under  \  in.  in  some  specimens, 
above  1  in.  in  others.  Fh)wers  soHtar^'  or  2  or  3  tog-ether,  on  slender 
pedicels,  sometimes  very  short,  but  often  iin.  long-,  or  even  more. 
Calyx-seg-ments  rather  acute,  about  l^  to  l|  line  long\  Corolla  cam- 
panuhite,  g-htbrous  inside  or  nearly  so,  about  4  lines  long-,  the  lobes  at 
least  as  hjng-  as  tlie  tube.  Stamens  4,  often  exceeding-  tlie  lobes. 
Ovary  3-  or  4-celled,  witli  1  ovuh^  in  each  celL  Drupe  ovoid-g-lobidar, 
attaining-  about  2  hnes,  the  putamen  with  3  or  4  cells  and  seeds,  or 
fewer  by  abortion.— A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  710,  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  1693. 

Victoria.     ]\Iurray  river,  F.  Mueller,  Herrgott. 

Tasmania.     Fliuilers  Island,  Milligan. 

S.  Australia.  Memory  Cove,  Spenccr's  Gulf,  li.  Brown  ;  W.  of  Mount  Sturgeon, 
Jiohertsun;  iagoons  near  Kivoli  Bay  and  Holdfast  Bay,  F.  Mueller ;  Port  Lincoln, 
Wdhelmi ;  Spencer's  Gulf,  Warbzirton. 

W.  Australia.     Goosc  I.slaud  Bay,  7?.  Broicn. 

M.  hu.nil',  W.  Br.  Prod.  516;  A.  I)C.  Prod.  xi.  710,  is  founded  upon  specimens  of 
what  appcars  to  lue  to  be  a  siiglit  variety  of  M.  parvifolium,  with  rather  shorter  and 
broader  lcav.^H. 

0.  M.  brevipes,  Bcnth.  The  specimens  have  the  aspect  of  some 
of  the  sliort,  tliick-h-aved  ones  of  M.  parrifolium,  but  the  stems  may  he 
erect.     Leaves  hnear,  obtuse,  very  thick,  all  under  h  in.  long-.     Flowers 


3fi/oponiin.]  xc.  myoporine^.  7 

of  the  size  of  tliose  of  31.  jMirvifolium,  but  diflferent  in  shape.  Pedicels 
mostly  solitary,  not  above  2  lines  long-.  Calyx-seg-ments  acute,  about 
1  line  long-.  Corolla  g-labrous  inside,  the  tube  about  2  lines  long-,  not 
much  dikited  upwards,  the  h^bes  nearly  equal,  scarcely  1  line  lons^. 
Stamens  4,  rather  shorter  than  the  lobes.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  1  ovule 
in  each  cell.     Fruit  oblong-,  not  compressed,  about  2  lines  long-. 

S.  Australia.  From  M'Douall  Stuart's  jouriiey  into  the  interior ;  only  known 
from  very  lew  specimens. 

7.  M.  oppositifolium,  E.  Br.  Prod.  516.  A  weak  shrub,  ascend- 
ing'  to  3  or  4  feet,  usually  bearing*  numerous  resinous  tubercular  g-lands. 
Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  and  usually  stem-clasping',  lanceolate  or 
oblong'-lanceolate,  acute,  serrate,  f  to  1|  in.  long-,  tlie  marg-ins  often 
recurved.  Pedicels  rather  slender.  Calyx-seg'ments  rather  narrow, 
acute,  rather  long".  Corolla  very  open,  the  lobes  somewhat  long-er  than 
the  tube,  very  sliglitly  bearded  inside  at  the  base.  Stamens  4,  the 
anthers  short.  Ovary  2-  or  3-celled,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell.  Fruit 
small,  g"lobular,  not  compressed. — A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  710. 

"W.  Australia.  KingGeorge's  Souud,  R.  Brown,  A.  Cuymingham,  and  many  otliers. 

Sect.  2.  DisooN.  Calyx  small,  narrow.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  1 
ovule  in  each  cell.     Fruit  compressed. 

8.  M.  platycarpum,  B.  Br.  Prod.  516.  A  tall  shrub,  or  small 
tree,  C|uite  giabrous.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  or  witli  a 
few  small  distant  teeth  in  the  upper  part,  1;^  to  3  in.  long-,  rather  thick, 
contracted  into  a  sliort  petiole.  Pedicels  often  6  or  more  in  the  axils, 
1  to  2  lines  long".  Calyx  not  f  line  long-,  acutely  lobed.  Corolla  more 
or  less  bearded  inside  at  the  throat,  sometimes  scarcely  2  lines  long' 
with  the  stamens  included,  in  other  specimens  twice  as  larg-e  with. 
exserted  stamens.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell.  Fruit 
ovate  or  ovate-oblong",  acute,  much  flattened,  about  3  lines  long*. — 
A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  711. 

N.  S.  'Wales.     Murray  and  Darling  rivers,  Victorian  and  other  Expeditions. 
Victoria.     Wimmera,  Dallachy. 

S.  Australia.  Spencer's  Gulf,  B.  Brown ;  Encounter  Bay,  Whittaker;  Murray 
Scrub,  Behr. ;  Elders  aud  Flinders  Eange,  Lakes  Hindmarsh  and  Gairdner,  F.  Mueller. 

9.  M.  Beckeri,  F.  3ruell.  An  erect,  much-branched  shrub  of 
several  feet,  strongly  scented,  and  very  viscous.  Leaves  alternate, 
oblong"  or  lanceolate,  rarely  almost  ovate,  serrate,  about  |  to  f  in.  long-, 
contracted  into  a  petiole.  Flowers  shortly  pedicellate,  often  2  or  3 
in  the  axil.  Calyx  1  to  1|  lines  long,  deeply  divided.  Corolla-tube 
cylindrical  to  about  2  lines,  then  expanded  into  a  small  campanulate  throat, 
the  lobes  spreading-  to  5  or  6  lines  diameter,  sligiitly  bearded  inside  to- 
wards  the  base,  the  middle  lower  one  larg-er  and  broader  than  the  others, 
and  sligiitly  notched.  Anthers  4,  shortl}^  protruding-  from  the  tube.  0 vary 
^-celled,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell.  Fruit  ovate,  acute,  much  Hattened, 
exceeding;  the  calyx,  but  not  seen  ciuite  ripe. — Disoon  Becheri,  F.  Muell. 
Frag;m.  iv.  48;  vi.  150;   Ercmophila  Becheri,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  i.  156. 


8  XC.   MYOPORINE^.  [MyojMrum. 

W.  AuBtralia.     J>rummond,  n.  338  ;  Phillips  river  and  saiid  hummocks,  Eyre's 

Eelief,  Maxwell.  ^  r   m   i-j- 

Notwithstanding  some  approach  in  the  form  of  the  corolla  to  tnat  of  Pholidia,  this 
Bpecies  agrees  iii  othcr  respects  much  more  with  Myoporum,  approaching  very  uear 
M.  platijcarpum  in  the  ovary  and  fruit. 

10.  M.  floribundum,  A.  Cunn.  ;  Benth.  in  Hxieg.  Enwrn.  78.  A 
e-lubrous,  stronf:--sconted  shrub  of  5  or  6  ft.  Leaves  very  narrow, 
linear,  acute,  entire,  2  to  4  in.  long-  on  the  main  branches,  often  much 
smaller  on  the  lateral  ones.  Flowers  sniall,  often  numerous,  in  axillary 
chisters  of  3  to  U,  on  fihform  pedicels  of  1  to  2  Hnes.  Calyx-seg-ments 
rather  thick,  acute,  \  to  f  hnes  long-.  Corolhi-tube  about  1  Hne  long-, 
lobes  rather  hjng-er,  almost  acute,  not  much  imbricate  in  the  bud, 
glabrous  inside.  Stamens  4,  ratlier  long-er  or  shorter  than  the  corolla- 
lobes.  Ovary  compressed  with  a  nerve-like  border,  2-celled,  with 
1  ovule  in  each  celL  Style  fihform,  the  stigma  obtuse.  Fruit  com- 
pressed,  or  at  length  somewhat  turgid,  very  obtuse,  almost  truncate, 
1  to  l^  Hnes  long-.  —  Disoon  Jloribundus,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  703  j  F. 
MuelL  P^ragm.  i.  126. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Rocky  banks  of  the  Nepean  river,  A.  Cunningham. 
Victoria.     Snowy  river,  i^.  Mueller. 

11.  M.  salsoloides,  Turczan.  in  Btdl.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Mosc.  1863,  ii. 
226.  An  erect,  very  much  branched  shrub  of  several  feet,  quite  g-labrous, 
but  often  g-landuhir-tuberculate.  Leaves  very  small  (under  1  line 
long-),  but  numerous,  sessile,  cordate,  often  broader  than  long-,  very 
thick,  spreading-.  Flowers  soHtary  in  the  axils,  on  short  pedicels. 
Calyx  not  1  Hne  long-,  deeply  divided  into  lanceolate  lobes.  CoroHa  2^ 
to  3  Hnes  long-,  the  lobes  long-er  than  the  tube,  spreading-,  nearly  equaL 
Stamens  4,  exserted.  Ovary  ^-ceUed,  with  1  ovule  in  each  celL  Fruit 
small,  obtuse,  somewhat  compressed,  Hke  that  of  M.  Jloribundum.  — 
Disoon  cordifolius,  F.  MuelL  Frag'm.  i.  126 ;  vi.  150. 

TV.  Australia.  Drummond,  bth  coll.  n.  839;  Gordon,  Phillips,  and  Salt  rivers, 
Maxwell. 

Sect.  3.  Cham^pogonia.  Calyx-segments  herbaceous.  Ovary 
2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  ceH.     Fruit  somewhat  compressed. 

12.  M.  debile,  F.  Br.  Prod.  516.  A  low  glabrous  shrub,  with  a  thick 
stock  and  decumbent  or  ascending*  stems,  attaining-  sometimes  2  ft. 
or  more,  the  branches  often  g-hmdular-tubercuhite.  Leaves  afternate, 
very  shortly  ])etiolate,  or  nearly  sessile,  eHiptical  oblong-  or  lanceolate, 
entire  or  with  a  few  smaH  distant  acute  teeth,  and  often  one  or  two 
larg-er  ones  on  each  side  near  the  base,  l^  to  3  or  even  4  in.  long-. 
Pedicels  soHtary  in  the  axils  or  in  pairs,  rarely  so  long-  as  the  calyx, 
Calyx-segments  Hnear  but  leaf-Hke,  acute,  3  to  4  Hnes  long-.  CoroHa 
pink  or  purpHsh,  the  tube  about  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  lobes  not  half 
so  long-,  more  or  less  bearded  inside  at  the  base.  Stamens  included  in 
the  tube.  Ovary  2-ceHed,  witli  2  coHatoral  ovules  in  each  ceH.  Fruit 
ovoid,  somewhat  compressed,  3  to  4  lines  long-,  often  furrowed  on  each 
side,  2-celled.     Seeds  either  2  in  each  ceU  more  or  less  separated  by  an 


Myoporum.]  xc.  myoporine^.  9 

imperfect  dissepiment,  or  more  fi"equently  solitary  by  tlie  abortion  of  tbe 
otber  ovule. — Bot.  Mag*.  t.  1830,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  711 ;  Fogonia  debilis, 
Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  212  ;  Andrevsiu  debilis,  Vent.  Jard.  Malm.  under  n. 
108;  Myoporum  dijfusiim,  R.  Br.  Prod.  516,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  711; 
Capraria  calycina,  A.  Gray,  in  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  vi.  49 ;  Bentb.  Fl. 
Austral.  above,  iv,  603. 

Queensland.  Keppel  and  Shoalwater  Bays  and  Broad  Sound,  B.  Brown  ;  Dawson 
river,  Biisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  F.  Mueller  ;  Rockhanipton,  Dallachy  and  others ; 
Nerkool  Creek,  Connor's  river,  Bowman;  Darling  Downs,  Lau. 

N.  S.  '''IVales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  B.  Brown  and  others  ; 
IIunter's  river,  A.  Cunnivgham  and  others ;  Clarence  river,  Bechler ;  Richmond 
river,  Faiccett. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  last  volurae,  Dr.  Torrey  has  kindly  re-examined  and  sent 
me  a  flower  from  the  specimen  inadvertently  described  by  A.  Gray  as  a  Capraria,  nf 
which  it  liad  so  much  the  aspect,  aud  to  which  species  1  had  probably  myself  referred 
it  on  a  first  hasty  sorting. 

Doiibtful  Species. 

13.  M.  mucroniilatum,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  706.  A  g-labrous  sbrub 
witb  tbe  aspect  foHag'e  and  liowers  nearly  of  tbe  var.  apiculatum  of  M. 
serratum,  but  said  to  bave  a  very  different  ovary  and  fruit.  Leaves 
oblong-  or  oblanceolate,  obtuse,  mucronate,  mucb  contracted  into  a 
petiole,  rather  tbick,  quite  entire,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  2  to  4 
tog-etber,  2  to  4  Hnes  long-.  Calyx-lobes  sbort.  Corolla-lobes  sHg;btly 
bearded  inside.  Fruit  ovoid-g-lobular,  2-celled,  witb  2  seeds  in  eacb 
cell,  not  separated  by  any  spurious  dissepiment. 

N.  S.  Vrales.  "  East  Coast"  Herb.  Mus.  Far.  1  have  seen  the  specimen  de- 
sciibed  by  De  Candolle,  but  have  not  had  tlie  opportunity  of  examining  the  ovary  or 
frnit.  The  stations  given  for  Australian  plaiits  from  the  coUections  of  Baudin  and 
other  early  navigators  are  not  to  be  depended  upon,  the  "  cote  nccidentale"  or  "  cote 
orientale"  being  sometimes  attached  to  plants  from  the  Recherche  Archipelago  or  from 
the  north  coast. 

2.  PHOLIDIA,  R.  Br. 

(Pseudopholidia,  A.  DC;  Seatis,  Duttonia  aud  Pholidiopsis,  F.  Muell.) 
Calyx  divided  to  tbe  base,  witli  6  or  rarely  4  seg-ments,  often  unequal, 
somewbat  dilated  and  mucb  imbricate  at  tbe  base,  acuminate,  not 
enlarg-ed  after  llowering-.  Corolla-tube  sbortly  cylindrical  at  tbe  base, 
expanded  into  an  obliquely  campanulate  tbroat,  tbe  limb  of  five  spread- 
ing-  lobes,  not  very  unequal,  tbe  2  upper  ones  usually  ratber  more 
united.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  usually  exserted  from  tbe  corolla- 
tube,  but  sborter  tban  tbe  lobes.  Ovary  2-celled,  witb  2  ovules,  or 
very  rarely  only  1  in  eacb  cell ;  style  usually  long-er  tban  in  Myoporum, 
and  booked  at  tbe  end.  Fruit  a  dry  or  rarely  succulent  di-upe, 
2-celled,  or  more  or  less  perfectly  4-celled,  witb  1  seed  in  eacb  cell. 
— Sbrubs.  Leaves  alternate  scattered  or  irreg-ularly  opposite,  entire  or 
tootbed.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary  and  sessile,  or  on  very  sbort 
pedicels  (except  in  P.  santalina). 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia.  In  the  typical  forms  it  difFers  from  3L/oporum  in 
the  niore  perfectiy  divided  calyx,  the  shape  of  the  corolla,  the  more  didynamous  stamens, 
as  WfU  as  in  the  ovary  and  fruit  and  inflorescence,  but  Myoporum  Beckeri  has  alinost 
the  coroUa  and  M.  debile  the  ovary  of  PhoUdia,  whilst  PhoUdia  brevifoUa  and  perhaps 


20  xc.   MYdPORiNE.!:.  [Pholidia. 

r  Delisserii  have  only  1  ovulft  in  each  of  the  ovary-cells  as  in  the  raajority  of  Myo- 
pora.  From  Eremophila,  Pholidia  differs  in  the  niore  regular  corolla,  the  calyx- 
setrments  never  enlarged  after  flowering,  the  stamens  not  exserted,  the  ovules  never 
superpo><ed  in  each  half  cell,  and  the  fruit  not  Keparating  into  1  seeded  nuts  as  in  the 
Bection  EremocoiinoK,  nor  so  succiilc-nt  as  in  Stenochilus,  bnt  none  of  the  latter  characters 
nre  cnnslant  throu_'li  all  tlic  .«pccies  of  Eremophila,  and  the  fruits  of  some  species  are 
as  yet  unknown.  The  distinction  between  PhoUdia  and  Eremophila  is  not,  therefore, 
raore  definile  than  that  between  Pholidia  and  Mijoporum. 

Lcares  mostly  opposite,  hoary  or  white,  almost  scaly,  usually  re- 
curved  at  the  eiid.     Flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so. 

Leaves  narrow-linear,  ^  to  l  in.  long 1.  P.  Dalyana. 

Leaves  narrow-liiiear,  rarcly  above  ^  in.  long 2.  P.  scojMria. 

Leaves  obovate  or  oblong,  3  to  4  liues  long 3.  -P.  Deli.iserii. 

Leaves  aUernate,  obovate,  or  ovate,  3  to  5  lines  long.     Flowers 
sessile  or  nearly  so. 
Leaves  very  thick,  complicated  and  recurved,  glaucous  or  boary     4.  P.  crassifolia. 

Leaves  ratiier  thick,  wliite  on  both  sides,  resinous 5.  P.  resinosa. 

Leaves  rather  thin,  green,  often  toothed. 

Leaves  obovate  or  cuneate,  acute,  mostly  toothed.     Ovules  2 

in  each  cell 6.  P.  Behriana. 

Leaves  ovate  or  elliptical-oblong,  entire.      0\Tiles  2  in  each 

cell    ,     • 1.  P.  Woollsiana. 

Leaves  ovate,  entire  or  toothed.      Ovules  1  in  each  cell     .     .     8.  P.  brevifolia. 
Leaves  aiternate,  entire,  crowded  or  imbricate,  ^  to  1  in.  long. 
Flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so. 
Leaves  oval  or  oblong,  white-tomentose.     Ovary  glabrous      .     .     9.  P.  imbricaf.a. 

Leaves  linear,  acute,  glabrous.     Ovary  woolly 10.  P.  densifolia. 

Leaves  alternate,  narrow  or  small,  not  crowded.     Flowers  sessile 
or  nearly  so. 
Leaves  small,  erect,  with  a  few  large  tubercles.     Fruit  com- 

pressed,  obtuse,  not  exceeding  the  calyx 11.  P.  gihhifolia. 

Leaves  linear,   entire.     Branches  divaricate,  often  spinescent. 

Fruit  bcaked 12.  P.  divaricata. 

Leaves  linear,  not  gibbous,  erect.     Branches  erect,  hoary-pube- 

scent  or  nearly  glabrous.     Leaves  2  to  4  lines  long  ....   13.  P.  microtheca. 

Very  viscid-pubescent.     Leaves  1  in.  long 14.  P.  adenotricha. 

Leaves  narrow-lanceolate,  above  1  in.  long.     Pedicels  about  4  in. 

long 15.  P.  santalina. 

1.  P.  Dalyana,  F.  MucU.  Very  closelj  allied  to  P.  scoparia,  and 
perhaps  a  variety  only,  differing;  in  the  leaves  long-er  and  more  slender, 
usually  f  to  1  in.  long-,  the  coroUa-tube  not  so  much  contracted  at  the 
base,  and  the  ovary  densely  villous  instead  of  being'  scaly  only. — 
Eremophihi  Dalyana,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  22. 

S.  Australia.  Between  Cooper'8  Creek  and  Stoke's  Range,  HoioitVs  Expedition. 
There  is  b\il  a  single  specimen  {Herh.  F.  MuelL),  and  I  could  only  examine  one 
ovary,  wbich  was  2-celled  as  in  P.  scoparia,  but  one  ovule  of  each  cell  was  very  small 
and  probably  abortive. 

2.  P.  scoparia,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  517.  An  erect  slirub,  lioary  or 
almost  silvery,  with  a  ch)se  more  or  less  scaly  indumentum,  the 
bran'-hes  rigid,  but  not  thick,  -with  prominent  angles  decurrent  from 
the  leaves.  Leaves  mostly  opposite  or  nearly  so,  narrow-linear  with 
hooked  points,  rather  thick,  keeled  underneath,  channelled  above, 
rarely  e.xceeding-  i  in.  in  length.  Flowers  of  a  pale  violet  bhie,  solitary 
on  sliort  axillary  pedicels,  without  bracts.     Calyx  l^  to  l^  line  long-, 


Pholidia.]  xc.   myoporine^.  11 

deeply  divided  into  5  acute  keeled  segiiients.  Corolla  8  to  9  lines  long-, 
the  narrow  part  of  the  tube  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  hairy  inside  at 
the  top,  the  broad,  almost  campanulate,  upper  part  or  throat  at  least  as 
long-  as  the  narrow  part,  the  lobes  much  shorter,  and  nearly  equal. 
Stamens  inserted  at  the  top  of  the  narrow  part  of  the  tube,  and  about 
as  long-  as  the  broad  part.  Ovary  S-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell. 
Fruit  ovoid  or  ovoid-oblong-,  nearly  3  lines  long",  the  putamen  com- 
pletely  4-celled,  with  1  seed  in  each  cell. — Endl.  lconogT.  t.  66  ;  A.  DC. 
Prod.  xi.  713 ;  Eremophila  scoparia,  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  S.  Tasm.  iii. 
290,  Frag-m.  v.  22. 

N.  S.  VTales.  Nandirooga  Creek  and  towards  tbe  Barrier  Range,  Victorian 
Expedition. 

S.  Australia.  Hcad  of  Spencer's  Gulf,  R.  Brown  ;  in  the  scrub  from  tbe  Murray 
river  to  St.  Vincent's  Gulf,  F.  Mueller ;  Gawler  ranges,  Sullioan ;  Lake  Gairdner, 
Babhacfe ;  bead  of  the  Great  Australian  Bight,  Delisser. 

3.  P.  Delisserii,  F.  Mudl.  A  shrub  of  2  to  3  ft.,  the  branches  and 
foliag"e  hoary  or  white  with  a  close  tomentum,  and  sometimes  glandular- 
tubercular.  Leaves  mostly  opposite,  from  obovate  to  oblong',  obtuse, 
recurved,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  3  to  4  lines  long-.  Flowers 
sessile,  only  seen  in  very  young-  buds ;  but  according-  to  F.  Mueller's 
description  and  fig-ure,  the  calyx-segments  narrow,  woolly,  imbricate, 
about  2|  lines  long",  not  enlarg-ed  after  flowering",  the  corolla  nearly 
8  lines  long-,  tomentose  outside,  the  cylindrical  portion  of  the  tube 
nearly  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  with  a  ring-  of  wool  inside  at  the  top,  the 
broad  part  campanulate,  the  lobes  ovate-oblong-,  obtuse,  nearly  equal. 
Ovary  densely  woolly  Avith  white  plumose  hairs,  and,  as  far  as  I  could 
ascertain  in  the  very  young-  one  examined,  witli  only  1  ovule  in  each 
cell. — EremopJiila  Ddisserii,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  v.  108,  "t.  41. 

TV.  Australia.  N.W.  of  tbe  head  of  tbe  Great  Australian  Bigbt,  Delisser;  a 
single  fragment  in  Herh.  F.  31ueller. 

4.  P.  crassifolia,  F.  3IneU.  in  Linncea,  xxv,  430.  An  erect  shrub  of 
several  feet,  quite  giabrous,  but  often  g-laucous  and  minutely  scaly. 
Leaves  broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  thickly  coriaceous,  folded  longitudinally, 
and  often  recurved,  narrowed  into  a  short  petiole,  3  to  6  lines  long-. 
Flowers  small,  almost  sessile,  and  solitary  in  the  axils.  Calyx-seg-ments 
ovate-lanceolate,  acutely  acuminate,  keeled,  with  thin  and  sometimes 
sligiitly  ciliate  margins,  about  2  lines  long",  the  inner  ones  rather 
smaller.  Corolla  not  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  lobes  nearly  equal 
and  rather  long-er  than  the  tube,  the  narrow  part  of  the  tube  very  short. 
Stamens  didynamous.  Ovary  2-celled,  Avith  2  ovules  in  each  cell. 
Fruit  small,  rug"ose,  sligiitly  compressed,  obtuse,  sliorter  than  the 
calyx,  the  putamen  more  or  less  completely  4-celled  when  ripening-  all 
the  seed. — Eremophila  crassifolia,  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii. 
297. 

5.  Australia.  About  Mount  Greenly,  Dombey  Bay,  Spencer's  Gulf,  Wilhelmi; 
Venus  Bay,   Warhurton. 

5.  P.  resinosa,  Endl.  Nov.  Stirp.  Dec.  50.  Branches  densely  covered 
with  a  wliite  tomentum  and  sprinkled  with  resinous  tubercles.     Leaves 


12  XC.    MYOPORINE^.  [Pholidkt. 

alternate,  obovate,  obtuse  with  a  miniite  point,  rather  thick,  flat,  4  lines 
lon<r,  hoarv  with  stelhite  liairs  on  both  sides.  Peduncles  axillary,  solitary, 
exceedin"-Iv  short.  Calyx-sef;™ents  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  3  lines 
lon<>r.  Corolla  funnel-shaped,  O^  lines  long-,  tlie  tube  scarcely  exceeding 
the^^calvx,  the  tliroat  dilated,  the  lobes  nearly  equal,  scarcely  more 
than  h  line  long-,  the  upper  ones  recurved,  the  lower  ones  spreading-; 
all  sprinkled  outside  with  stellate  hairs.  Stamens  included  in  the  tube. 
Uvary  densely  tomentose,  4-celled,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell  (or  2-celled 
withl^  ovulesineach  cell  !•) — A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  713;  EremapMlaresinosa, 
I\  Mudl.  in  Proc.  U.  Soc.  Ta.vti.  iii.  296. 

W.  Australia.  Betvveen  King  George'8  Sound  and  Swan  river,  T.  S.  Boe.  The 
specinien  i.s  a  very  poor  one.     The  above  description  is  taken  chiefly  from  Endlicher's. 

6.  P.  Behriana,  F.  Muell.  in  Linmsa,  xxv.  430.  A  low  shrub,  with 
erect,  rather  slender  g-labrous  or  pubescent  branches.  Leaves  obovate 
or  cuneate,  mucronate-acute,  often  toothed  in  the  upper  part,  contracted 
at  the  base  but  scarcely  petiolate,  rather  rig-id  and  occasionally  veined, 

3  to  4  lines  long.  Flowers  nearly  sessile,  solitary  in  the  axils.  Calyx- 
segments  narrow-lanceolate,  acute,  the  outer  ones  2J  lines  long*,  the  inner 
ones  rather  smaller.  Corolla  about  4  to  o  lines  long-,  the  tube  g-radually 
enlarg-ed  frora  near  the  base,  the  lobes  short  and  broad,  the  middle 
lower  one  broader  than  the  others,  all  bearded  inside  at  the  base. 
Stamens  included  in  the  tube.  Ovary  oblong-,  2-celled,  with  2  ovules 
in  each  cell  (or  one  occasionally  abortive  .''). — Eremophila  Behriana  or 
Behrii.  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  296,  Rep.  Babb.  Exped.  18. 

S.  Australia.  In  the  scrub  near  Gawler  river,  Behr.;  Tumby  Bay  and  hills  near 
Port  Lincoln,  F.  Mueller :  Kangaroo  Island,  Waterhouse. 

7.  P.  Woollsiana,  F.  Muell.  An  erect  shrub  of  3  to  4  ft.,  the 
branches  hoary  with  a  very  short  minutely  plumose  pubescence.  Leaves 
alternate,  ovate  or  oblong-,  elliptical,  obtuse  or  almost  acute,  1-nerved, 
rather  thick,  g-Iabrous,  entire  (or  rarely  slig-htly  toothed  .''),  narrow^ed 
at  the  base  but  sessile,  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Flowers  "  puce-coloured," 
axillary,  on  very  short  pedicels.  Calyx-seg-ments  narrow'-IanceoIate, 
acute  or  rather  o])tuse,  not  2  lines  long".  Corolla  5  to  6  lines  long-,  the 
cylindrical  part  of  the  tube  about  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  obliquely 
campanulate  broad  part  rather  long-er,  tlie  lobes  short  and  broad,  the  2 
upper  ones  more  united,  and  the  middle  lower  one  broader  than  the 
others.  Stamens  not  exserted.  Ovary  2-celIed,  with  2  ovules  in  each 
cell,  Fruit  scarcely  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  slightly  compressed,  broadly 
ovate,  rug-ose,  slio-htly  furrowed  on  each  side,  more  or  less  perfectly 
4-celIed,  or  with  fewer  cells  and  seeds  by  abortion. — Eremophilu  Woollsi- 
ana,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  i.  125,  t.  7. 

W.  Australia.     Salt  river,  Stokes  Inlet,  Oldfield  river,  Maxwell. 

8.  P.  brevifolia,  Benth.  A  tall,  erect,  much-branched  shrub,  quite 
g-labrous.  Leaves  alternate,  sessile  and  more  or  less  stem-clasping, 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  entire  or  coarsely  toothed,  usually  concave,  3  to 

4  or  sometimes  5  lines  long-.  Flowers  '^'  white,"  solitary,  ou  very  short 
axillary  pedicels.     Calyx-segments  very  narrow^,  acute,  about  '2  lines 


Pholidia.]  XC.    MYOPORINEiE.  13 

long-.  Corolla-tube  nearlj  5  lines  long,  broad,  hairy  inside,  very  shortly 
contracted  at  tbe  base,  tbe  lobes  scarcely  1  Hne  long-,  tbe  middle 
lower  one  broader  tban  tbe  otbers.  Ovary  quite  g-labrous,  2-celled,  with 
only  1  ovule  in  eacli  cell  in  all  tbe  flowers  examined.  Fruit  not  known, 
— Myoporum  hrevifoliiun,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  350  ;  Pseudopholidia  brcvi- 
folia,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  704. 

V^.  Australia.    Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  445,  Preiss.  n.  2335  and  2382. 

9.  P.  imbricata,  Benth.  An  erect  shrub,  densely  clothed  with  a 
hoary  or  wbite  tomentum.  Leaves  crowded  and  imbricate,  ovate  or 
oblong-,  obtuse,  sessile  and  very  shortly  contracted  at  the  base,  tbick 
and  soft,  entire,  |  to  nearly  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  sessile  and  sborter  than 
the  leaves.  Calyx-seg-ments  narrow,  softly  tomentose,  2  to  2^  bnes  long-, 
not  enlarg-ing-  after  flowering*.  CoroHa  g-hibrous,  apparently  of  the  shape 
of  otber  Pholidue,  but  not  seen  perfect.  Drupe  g-labrous,  ovoid,  as  long- 
as  tbe  calyx,  slig-htly  succident,  the  endocarp  hard,  completely  4-celled, 
witb  one  seed  in  each  cell. 

TV.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drum,mond,  Qth  coll.  n. 
147.  I  have  seen  the  ovary  only  in  a  far  advanced  state,  but  could  find  no  trace  of  the 
lower  abortive  ovules  of  most  species  of  EremopMla. 

10.  P.  densifolia,  F.  Mucll.  Brancbes  virg-ate,  g-labrous  or  sprinkled 
witb  a  small  minutely  plumose  pubescence,  which  is  also  sometimes 
on  the  marg-ins  of  the  leaves,  and  more  abundant  on  the  marg-ins  of  the 
sepals  and  on  the  ovary.  Leaves  ratber  crowded,  linear  or  narrowly 
linear-hmceohite,  very  acute,  sessile,  thick,  convex  underneatb,  mostly 
about  I  in.  long-  on  tbe  main  brancbes,  much  smaller  on  the  lateral  ones. 
Flowers  almost  sessile  and  nearly  exceeding-  tbe  leaves.  Calyx-seg'- 
ments  narrow,  acute,  tbe  outer  ones  about  2  lines  long-,  the  inner  ones 
smaller.  CoroUa  ^'  bhie,"  about  5  hnes  long-,  tbe  narrow  part  of  the 
tube  very  short,  tbe  lobes  scarcely  as  long-  as  the  tube,  the  4  upper  ones 
almost  acute,  contorted  in  tbe  bud,  the  lowest  broader  and  obtuse. 
Stamens  didynamous.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell, 
densely  tomentose-villous.  Drupe  tomentose,  shghtly  compressed, 
obtuse,  shorter  tban  the  calyx,  the  endocarp  completely  divided  into  4 
cells  (or  fewer  by  abortion)  witb  1  seed  in  each  cell. — Eremophila  den- 
sifolia,  F.  MuelL  Frag-m.  ii.  IGO. 

W.  Australia.     E.  Mount  Barren  and  Stokes  Inlet,  Maxwell. 

11.  P.  gibbifolia,  F.  Muell.  An  erect  shrub  of  1  to  2  ft.,  with 
numerous  virg-ate  branches,  glabrous  or  minutely  scaly-pubescent. 
Leaves  Hnear  or  bnear-oblong-,  sessile,  erect,  1  to  3  lines  long-,  remark- 
able  for  several  larg-e  tubercular  swelHng-s.on  the  back.  Flowers  nearly 
sessile.  Calyx-seg-ments  subulate-acuminate,  often  above  2  Hnes 
long-.  Corolla  fuHy  \  in.  lon^,  the  tube  shortly  cyHndrical  at  the  base, 
the  upper  part  much  dilated  and  obHque,  the  lobes  short.  Stamens 
didynamous.  Ovary  oblong-,  2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit 
oblong-,  compressed,  not  exceeding-  the  calyx,  completely  4-celled,  with 
1  seed  in  each  ceU,  or  with  fewer  ceHs  and  seeds  by  abortion. — Duttonia 
gibbifolia,  F.  Muell.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  viii.  73,  t.  1.,  and  in  Trans. 


14  xc.  MYOPORiNEiE.  [PhoHdia. 

Aict.    Inst.   I800,   41  ;    Eirnwphila  gibbosijblia,   F.   Muell.    RejJ.     Babb. 
Exped.  18. 

Victoria.     Wimmora,  Dnllachi/. 

S.  Australia.  Ixocky  hills  betwecu  the  Murray  river  and  St.  Vincent's  Gulf,  F. 
Muclhr;  Tattiara  Couiitry,   Wood. 

12.  P.  divaricata,  F.  Muell.  in  Hooh.  Kew  Journ.  viii.  201,  and  in 
Tram.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  47.  An  erect  shrub  of  several  feet,  with  di- 
varicate  branches,  sometimes  spinescent  and  quite  g-hibrous,  or  with  a 
hne  of  short  hairs  above  each  leaf.  Leaves  Hnear  or  linear-cuneate, 
obtuse,  narrowed  at  tlie  base,  rarely  above  ^  inch  long-  and  often  smaller, 
usually  drving-  1»hick.  Fh)wers  "  purph^  or  white,  often  spotted,"  soli- 
tary  aiul  nearly  scssile  in  the  axils.  Calyx-seg-ments  4  or  0,  broad  at 
the  base,  acimiinate,  shg-btly  ind^escent  or  ciliate,  al)out  2  to  2^  lines 
long-.  CoroHa  densely  stena'te-pul)escent  outside,  under  ^y  in.  long-,  the 
cylindrical  base  shorter  than  the  calyx,  the  throat  oblicpudy  campanu- 
late,  the  middle  lower  lobe  rather  larg-er  and  broader  than  the  others 
and  very  hairy  inside,  the  hairs  continned  to  the  base  of  the  tube  as  in 
most  PhoUdim,  the  2  upper  lobes  shortly  united.  Filaments  hairy  at 
the  base.  Ovary  g-labrous,  2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell.  Ripe 
fruit  ovoid  at  the  base,  tapering-  into  a  beak,  the  whole  about  4  lines 
long-,  more  or  less  perfectly  4-celled,  with  1  seed  in  each  cell. — Sentis 
rhynchocarpa,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  iv.  48,  vi.  150;  Ercmophila  divaricata, 
F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  293. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Murray  rivcr,  F.  Mueller;  Darliug  river,  Victorian  Expedition, 
^frs.  Ford ;  triluitaricR  of  the  upper  Darliiig,  Bowman. 

S.  Australia.     Miirray  desert,  F.  Mucller ;  Lake  Alexandrina,  Hildehrand. 

1;J.  P.  microtheca,  F.  MucU.  An  erect  almost  heath-like  shrub,  the 
branches  and  yoimg*  leaves  hoary  with  a  very  short  minutely  plumose, 
almost  farinaceous  pubescence,  the  older  foliag^e  glabrous  or  uearly  so. 
Leaves  rather  crowded,  linear,  somewhat  obtuse,  slightly  contracted  at 
the  base,  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Flowers  "  lilac,"  on  very  short  axillary 
pedicels.  Calyx-segments  pIumose-pid)escent,  about  2  lines  long-. 
Corolla  like  that  of  P.  Woollsinna,  but  ratlier  smaller.  Ovary  rugose, 
2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  rug-ose  like  that  of  E.  Wooll- 
siana,  but  smaller  and  not  compressed,  the  only  one  seen  was,  however, 
not  quite  ])erfect. — Ercnwphila  Woolhiana  var.  angiuitijblia,  F.  Muell. 
Fragni.  ii.  1(10  ;  E.  niicrothccu,  F.  Muell.  Herb. 
AV.  Australia.     Port  Gregory,  Murchison  ris-er,  Oldfield. 

14.  P.  adenotricha,  F.  Mudl.  Densely  clothed  with  a  g-landular- 
ferrug-inous  or  dingy  viscidpubescence.  Leaves  crowded,  linear,  obtuse, 
rather  thick  and  sot\,  viscid-pubescent  on  both  sides,  about  1  in.  long-. 
Flowers  solitary  and  sessile.  Calyx-seg-ments  linear,  nearly  equal,  and 
notso  imbricate  as  in  the  other  species,  ciliate  and  viscid-pubescent,  3  to 
3i  lines  lono-,  not  enlargcd  after  flowering.  CoroIIa  g-Iabrous  outside, 
aCout  I  in.  long-,  the  cylindrical  part  of  the  tube  nearly  as  long-  as  the 
calyx,  the  upper  ])art  nuich  enlarged ;  the  lobes  broad,  short  and  nearly 
cqual.  Stumens  not  cxamined     Druj^e  slightly  succulent,  ovoid,  shorter 


Pholidia.]  XC.    MYOPORINEiE.  15 

tlian  the  calyx,  tlie  putamen  thick  and  long",  4-celled,  with  1  seed  in 
each  cell. — Eremojyhila  adcnotricha,  F.  Muell.  Herb. 
W.  Australia.     Herh.  F.  MueUer. 

15.  P.  santalina,  F.  MiicU.  An  erect  glabrous  shrub  of  several 
feet,  slig-htly  ghmduhir-verrucose.  Leaves  narrow  hmceolate,  acumi- 
nate,  entire,  narrowed  into  a  rather  long  petiole,  rather  thick,  \^  to  2  in. 
long.  Flowers  "  white,"  solitary  in  the  axils,  on  pedicels  usually  of 
about  |-  in.,  thickened  under  the  llower.  Calyx-segments  narrow, 
acuminate,  not  2  lines  long,  imbricate  at  the  base.  Corolla-tube  with 
the  cylindrical  part  nearly  as  long  as  the  calyx,  the  upper  part  broad, 
about  3  Hnes  long,  glabrous  inside  or  nearly  so,  the  lobes  scarcely  2 
iines  long,  the  4  upper  ones  ovate,  spreading',  with  short  recurved 
points  or  almost  obtuse,  the  2  uppermost  of  them  ascending,  the  middle 
Ipwer  lobe  twice  as  broad  as  the  others.  Stamens  included,  didynamous. 
Ovary  glabrous,  2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell.  Drupe  succulent, 
the  putamen  more  or  less  perfectly  4-celled,  with  1  seed  in  each  cell, 
or  more  frequently  reduced  by  abortion  to  1  or  2  cells  and  seeds. — 
Pholidiopsis  santalina,  F.  Muell.  in  Linnoea,  xxv.  429 ;  Eremophila  san- 
talina,  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm,  iii.  295. 

S.  Australia.     Rocky  liills  near  Cudnaka,  F.  Mueller. 

This  species  differs  from  all  the  others  of  the  genus  iii  its  elongated  pedicels,  like 
those  o^  Mi/oporuni ;  they  are,  however,  solitary,  and  the  calyx,  corolla,  and  ovary  are 
those  of  Pholidia  rather  than  of  Myoporum  or  Eremophila. 

3.  EREMOPHILA,  R.  Br. 

(Stenochilus,  B.  Br.     Eremodendron,  DC.) 

Calyx  divided  to  the  base  into  5  segments  or  rarely  5-lobed,  often 
but  not  always  enlarged  after  ilowering-.  Corolla-tube  usually  broad 
from  the  base  or  constricted  above  the  ovary,  more  or  less  elongated  and 
incurved,  very  rarely  with  the  cylindrical  base  of  Pholidia,  the  hmb 
obhque  or  2-lipped,  5-lobed.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  often  exserted. 
Ovary  2-celled,  with  2  or  3  superposed  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell,  of 
which,  however,  the  lower  pairs  remain  usually  unfecundated,  or  in  a 
very  few  species  only  one  pair  in  each  cell  at  the  time  of  llowering, 
Style  iiliform,  Fruit,  Avhere  known,  a  dry  or  succulent  drupe,  the 
putamens  separating  into  4  1-seeded  pyrenes,  or  4-celled  with  one  seed 
in  each  cell,  or  fewer  cells  and  seeds  by  abortion. — Shrubs.  Leaves 
alternate  or  scattered.  Flowers  soHtary,  or  in  a  few  species  several 
together  in  the  axils,  usuaHy  pediceHate,  without  bracts. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia.  As  will  be  seen  by  the  above  character,  there  is 
no  positive  corabination  of  characters  to  separate  it  from  PhoUdia,  being  connected  with 
that  genus,  as  Pholidia  is  with  Myopiorum,  by  exceptional  species.  The  habit  is,  how- 
ever,  different,  and  there  are  ahvays  either  the  superposed  ovules  or  the  enhirged  fmiting 
calyx,  and  often  the  succuient  fruit,  to  distinguisli  Eremophila.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
five  sections  iiito  wliich  I  have  divided  Eremophila  may  perhaps  one  day  be  admitted 
as  genera,  which  I  have  been  unwilling  to  do  whilst  the  ripe  fruit  of  so  many  species 
is  unknown,  especially  as  there  appears  to  be  a  greater  proporlion  of  intermediate  species 
between  them  than  between  the  three  Myoporineous  genera  here  adopted.     F.  Mueller 


1Q  xc.  MYOPORiNEiE.  [EremopMla. 

(Fra?m.  vi.)  unites  Pholidla  with  Eremophila,  Ttia.mmg  Myoporum,  Disoon,  and  Sentis 
as  distinct,  but  has  not  published  the  definite  distinctive  character  he  relies  upon. 

Skct.  I.  Eriocalyx. —  Calyx-segments  not  overlapping,  thick  and  soft,  densely  to- 
mentose,  not  hecoming  scarious  after  floicering.  Ovary  with  two  pairs  of  ovuks  in 
each  cell.     Fruit  unlcnown. 

Fiower  nearly  sessile.    Leaves  obovate  to  lanceolate,  short,  densely 
tonientose. 
Corolla  and  ovary  tomentose.    Corolla  lobes  all  broad  and  obtuse. 

Stamens  included 1-  E.  Mackinlayi. 

Corolla  and  ovary  glabrous. 

Corolla  lobes  obtuse.     Stamens  included 2.  E.  Bowmanni. 

CoroUa  upper  iobes  small  and  acute.     Stamens  exserted    .     .     3.  E.  lemophylla. 
Flowers  distinctiy  pedunculate.     Leaves  obovate,  obiong,  densely 

tomentose,  \io  % in.  long.    Corolla  tomentose.    Ovary  glabrous     4.  E.  Forrestii. 
riowers  distinctly  pedunculate.    Leaves  linear  or  linear-ianceolate, 
mostly  above  1  in.  iong. 
Calyx  clothed  with  a  long  loose  plumose  wool.     Leaves  wooUy 

when  young,  at  length  nearly  glabrous 5.  E.  eriocalyx. 

Calyx  shortly  stellate-tomentose.      Leaves    closely   tomentose, 

not  becoming  glabrous 6.  E.  Maitlandi. 

Sect.  IL  Eremocosmos. —  Calyx-segments  not  at  all  or  scarcely  overlapping  at 
ihe  base,  moreorless  enlarged,veined,  andscarious  after  flowering.    Ovary  icith  2  <o  4 
pairs  ofovules  in  each  cell  {except  in  E.  opposititblia  and  E.  Paisleyi).     Fruit  {where 
known)  dry,  the  endocarp  separating  into  distinct  pyrenes. 
Enlarged  calyx-segments  more  or  less  cuneate  and  obtuse. 

Leaves  small,  sliort,  broad,  thiclc,  and  hoary 7.  E.  rotundifolia. 

Leaveslinearor  linear-lanceolate.    Corolla  lobesobtuse.   Stamens 
included  or  shortly  exserted, 
Ovary  shorily  hairy,  wiih  1  pair  of  ovules  to  each  cell. 

CoroUa  above  1  in.  long.    Stamens  often  exserted.     Leaves 

1  to  2  in.  long 8.  ^.  oppositifolia. 

Corolla  4  in.  long,  stamens  included 9.  E.  Pahnleyi. 

Ovary  very  woolly,  with  2  to  4  pair  of  ovules  to  each  cell. 

Leaves  narrow,  linear 10.  E.  Sturtii. 

Leaves  linear-lanceolate 11.  E.  Mitchelli. 

Enlarged   calyx-segments   oblong   or  lanceolate,    acute.     Leaves 
linear  or  iinear-lanceolate. 

Corolia-Iobes  all  broad.     Stamens  included 12.  E.  Clarkii. 

Corolla  upper  lobes  rathtr  acute.     Stamens  exserted    .     .     .     .  13.  E.  Latrohii. 

Sect.  IIL    Platycalyx. —  Calyx  campanvlate,   5-lohed.     Flowers    and  fruit  of 
Platychilus. 
Single  species 14.  jF.  Macdonellii. 

Sect.  IV.  Platychilus. —  Calyx-segments  much  imhricate  at  the  hase  {except  in  the 
first  species'*,  the  onter  oncs  u^iually  hroader.  CoroUu-lobes  all  broad  and  ohtuse,  or  the 
upper  ones  scarcely  acute.  Stamens  included  or  scarcely  exserted.  Ovules  in  2  or  B 
2)airs  in  each  cell.     Fruit  q/^Stenochilus. 

Calyx-segments  small  or  narrow  and   acute,  not  enlarged    after 
flowering.     Leaves  loiig,  linear  or  lanceolate. 
CoroUa  tube  not  much  enlarged  upwards.  Calyx-segments  nearly 

linear 15.  E.  graciliflora. 

Corolla  vube  much  enlarged  upwards.     Calyx-segments  small, 

very  acute,  frora  a  broad  base 16.  .2^.  longifolia, 

Calyx-segments  ovaie  or  ianceolate,  acute,  notexceeding  3  linesin 
flower,  nor  much  enlarged  afterwards.     Plants  very  glabrous, 
often  drying  blue. 
Erect,  virgrtte  and  very  glutinous.     Leaves  narrow-Hnear. 

Corolla-tube  cylindrical  at  thc  base,  as  in /'/io?i</(a  .     .     .     .17.  E.Drummondii. 


Ercmophila.]  XC.   MYOPORlNEiE.  17 

Very  divaricately  branclied.     Leaves  narrow-linear.      Corolla- 

tube  very  broad  and  enlarged  from  the  base 18.  E.  polyclada. 

Moderately  sprcading.      Leavcs  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate, 

usually    long.      Corolla-tube    broad  and  enlarged  from   the 

bas') 19.  E.hignonioBJlora. 

Calyx-segments  lanceolate  or  the  outer  ones  ovate,  3  to  6  lines 

long.     Plant  hoary-tomentose  or  at  length  glabrous       .     .     .20.  E.  Ereelingii. 
Calyx-segments  broad-lanceolate,  4  to  6  lines  long,  more  or  less 

hirsute. 

Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate 21.  E.  Goochinnii. 

Leaves  obovate  or  oblong,  serrulate 22.  E.  WiUsii. 

Calyx-segments    obtuse,  very  much   enlarged  coloured  and  Bca- 

rious  after  flowering.    Leaves  linear-lanceolate. 
Stamens  incliided.     Plant  hoary-tomentose  or  glabrous     .     .     ,  23.  E.  platycalyx. 
Stamens  exserted.     Plant  glabrous        24.  E.  viscida. 

Sect.  V.  Stenochilus. —  Calyx-segmenia  imbricate  at  the  base,  usually  enlarged 
after  flowering.  Corolla  4  upper  lohes  short  and  acute,  the  fifth  lowest  more  deeply 
separated  and  sometlmes  narrow.  Stamens  exserted  (except  E.  alternifolia).  Ovules 
2  or  8  pnirs,  or  rarely  only  l  pair  in  each  cell.  Drupe  {except  E.  alternifolia)  succu- 
lent,  with  a  thick  bony  putamen  not  separating  into  nuts. 

Peduncles  usually  shorter  than  the  calyx,  not  flexuose. 

Calyxsegments  lanceolate,  small  in   flower  and  not  much  en- 
larged  afterwards. 
Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,    hoary-tomentose    or  at  length 

glabroris 25.  E.  Broumii. 

Leaves  ovate-oblong,  crowded,  toraentose,  more  or  less  floccose  2(5.  E.  subfloccosa. 
Calyx-segments  oblong,  rather  obtuse,  enlarged  after  flowering      27.  E.  Oldfieldii. 
Peduncles     longer    than    the    calyx,     very    spreading,    usually 
flexuose. 
Leaves    narrow-lanceolate,    entire.      Ovules,    2  pairs    in  each 
cell. 
Lowest   corolla-Iobe    obtuse.      Calyx    much    enlarged   after 

flowering 2S.  E.  Duttonii. 

Lowest  corolla-lobe  acute.     Calyx-segments   acute    scarcely 

enlarged  after  flowering 2d.  .E.  macvlata. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate,  often    denticulate.      Ovules  1  pair 
in  each  cell. 
Leaves     mostly     lanceolate.        Calyx-segments    lanceolate, 

scarcely  enlarged  after  flowering 30.  E.  denticulata. 

Leaves  mostly  ovate.     Calyx-segments  ovate,  much  enlarged 

after  flowering 31.  E.  latifoUa. 

Leaves  narrow-Iinear.      Calyx-segments    much  enlarged  after 

flowering.     Ovules  1  pair  in  each  cell.     Stamens  included      .  32.  E.  alternifolia-. 

Sect.  1.  Eriocalyx. — Calyx-seg-ments  not  overlapping'  at  tlie  base, 
tliick  and  soft,  denselY  tomentose,  sometimes  enlarg-ed  but  not  scarious 
after  flowering-.     Ovary  witb  2  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell. 

The  species  of  this  section  have  rather  more  the  habit  of  Pholidia  than  of  Eremophila, 
but  the  shape  of  the  corolla  and  the  superposed  ovules  are  those  of  the  latter  genus. 
Most  of  the  species  have  however  been  described  from  very  imjjerfect  specimens. 

1.  "E.  Mackinlayi,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  iv.  80.  A  shrub  of  several  feet, 
densely  clothed  with  a  hoary  or  yellowish  soft  and  almost  woolly 
tomentum.  Leaves  obovate  broadly  ovate  or  almost  orbicular,  con- 
tracted  below  the  middle  but  broadly  sessile,  and  sometimes  dilated  at 
the  very  base,  thick,  4  to  8  lines  long-  in  the  only  specimens  seen. 

VOL.  V.  C 


13  xc.  MVoPORiNE^.  [Erenwphila. 

Flowers  "  purple,"  nearly  sessile  and  solitary.  Calyx-seg-ments  narrow- 
lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  densely  tomentose,  about  4  lines  long, 
scarcely  imbricate,  apparently  becominy  enlarged  after  tlowering-, 
Corolhi  ratlier  above  1  in.  long-,  sUghtly  constricted  above  the  ovary, 
then  ahnost  campanulate,  tomentose  outside,  partially  wooUy  inside, 
the  lobes  all  broad,  (jbtuse,  or  with  a  very  sliort  point  in  the  centre,  the 
middle  lowest  one  rather  broader  than  the  others.  Stamens  included. 
Ovary  woolly-tomentose,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit 
unknown. 

W.  Australia.  Sharks  Bay,  Maitland  Brown  (a  siii-le  specimen  in  lierb.  F. 
Miuli.). 

2.  E.  Bowmanni,  F.  Miiclf.  Fragm.  ii.  139.  Densely  clothed  with 
a  white  or  hixiry  tomentum,  either  short  and  close  or  looser  and 
plumose.  Leaves"  oblong-  or  lanceolate,  obtuse,  rather  thick,  entire, 
contracted  at  tlie  ])ase  but  scarcely  petioh^te,  tomentose  on  both  sides, 
the  midrib  prominent  underneath,^under  |  in.  long-  when  broad,  nearly 
1  in.  when  narrow.  Flowers  "  blue,"  solitary,  on  pedicels  of  3  to  6 
lines.  Calyx-segments  5  to  7  Hnes  long-,  oblong-linear,  rather  obtuse, 
tomentose  "on  both  sides,  rather  unequal,  but  scarcely  imbricate. 
CorolLa  glabrous  outside,  about  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  slightly  contracted 
above  the  ovary,  then  broad,  the  lobes  l)road  and  obtuse,  the  middle 
lower  one  rather  narrower  than  the  others.  Stamens  included.  Ovary 
g-hibrous,  narrow,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  to  each  cell. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Darling  desert,  iS^e/^soM  (with  shiirt  lcaves  and  a  close  tomentum); 
tributaries  (i  the  upper  Uarliiig,  Bouman  (with  long  leaves  and  a  loose  tomentum) — 
both  niere  fragments  in  herb.  F.  Mueller. 

3.  E.  leucophylla,  Benth.  Densely  clothed  with  a  white  or  hoary 
tomcntum  either  close  and  short  or  looser  and  plumose.  Leaves 
obovate  or  elhptical-oblong-,  obtuse,  distinctly  petiolate,  under  \  in. 
lono-,  thick,  tomentose  on  both  sides,  the  midrib  prominent  underneath. 
Pedicels  solitary,  1  to  2  hnes  long-.  Calyx-segments  hinceolate  or 
lincar,  scarcely  acute,  about  4  hnes  Jong,  tomentose  on  both  sides,  not 
imbricate.  CoroUa  glabrous,  about  f  in.  long-,  scarcely  constricted 
above  the  ovary,  the  tube  broad  aud  shg-htly  incurved,  the  upper  lobes 
small  and  acute,  the  lowest  not  seen  perfect.  Stamens  exserted. 
Ovarj'  g-labrous,  rather  short,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell,  all 
very  near  the  base. 

W.  Australia.     Sharks  Bay,  Milne. 

4.  E.  Forrestii,  F.  Muell.  Fraf/m.  vii.  49.  A  shrub  densely  covered 
with  ii  wliite  or  yollcwish  almost  lloccose  tomentum.  Leaves  opposite 
or  altcrnate,  shortly  petiolate,  oblong-  or  obovate-oblong-,  ver}'  obtuse, 
contracted  at  the  base,  tliick  and  soft,  h  to  |  in.  long-  in  the  specimen. 
Flowers  axilhiry,  on  ])e(hmcles  of  2  to  4  lines.  Calvx-segments  narrow, 
not  overhq^ping-,  almost  obtuso,  thick  and  soft,  stoilate-tomontose,  0  to 
7  lines  long-,  not  enhirging-  aftor  tlowering-.  Corolla  rather  long-er  than 
the  calyx,  minutely  tomentose  outside,  tlie  lobes  ovato,  mucronate, 
rather  more  than  2  lines  long-,  the  2   (upper  ?)  ones  rathor  narrower 


Eraiwphila.]  XC.   MYOPORlNEiE.  19 

tlian  the  others  and  sliortly  united  in  an  (upper  '?)  lip  of  the  same 
leng-th  as  the  otliors  and  inside  in  the  bud.  Stamens  inchided. 
Ovary  glabrous,  witli  'J  superposed  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell.  Drupe 
small  with  a  hard  putamen,  but  the  onl}'  one  seen  not  yet  ripe. 

^V.  Australia.  Lake  Barlee,  Forre^tt  (Herb.  F.  Mufller).  Described  from  a 
single  sjieciin'Mi  in  whicli  what  appeared  to  be  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla  (but  possibly 
the  middle  bifid  lobe  oC  the  lower  lip)  was  certainly  inside  in  the  bud,  whilst  in  all 
Jlyoporineae  which  I  have  been  able  to  examine  in  bud  I  have  uniformly  found  the 
ujiper  lip  outside. 

5.  E.  eriocalyx,  F.  Miidl.  Fnigm.  i.  23G.  A  shrub  of  3  or  -A  fcet, 
hoary  -with  a  ch)se  stelhite  tomentimi,  the  pedicels  and  cal^^x 
thickly  covered  with  a  much  looser  wool  consisting-  of  branched  hairs. 
Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse,  entire,  ilat  or  with  revolute  margins, 
contracted  into  a  very  short  petiole,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Flowers  "  red," 
solitary  on  pedicels  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Calyx-seg-ments  narrow, 
scarcely  imbricate,  ^  in.  long-.  Corolla  woolly-pubescent  outside,  only 
seen  very  imperfeet.     Ovary  narrow,  g-hibrous. 

^V.  Australia.  Murchison  river,  OUjicld.  The  specimens  are  very  bad,  and  I 
have  been  unable  to  ascertain  the  tiue  structure  of  the  ovary  or  the  form  of  the  coroUa. 

6.  E.  Maitlandi,  F.  Miuil.  A  tall  erect  shrub,  hoary  or  white  all 
over  with  a  soft  dense  but  close  or  scarcely  floccose  tomentum. 
Leaves  linear-hmceolate,  entire,  contracted  at  the  base  but  scarcely 
petiolate,  1  to  2  in.  long',  coriaceous,  hoary-tomentose  even  when  old. 
Pedicels  solitary,  about  |  in.  long-.  Calj-x-seg-ments  oblong--lanceohite, 
rather  obtuse,  not  overlapping-,  8  to  9  lincs  long-,  tomentose  outside, 
more  g-labrous  inside.  Corolla  broad,  above  1  in.  long-,  sligiitly 
pubescent  outside,  the  lobes  not  seen  perfect.  Ovary  acuminate, 
giabrous,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell. 

^V.  Australia.  Sharks  Bay,  Maitland  Brown,  Jlilne,  the  specimens  all  very 
imperfect. 

Sect.  n.  Eremocosmos. — Calyx-seg-ments  not  at  all  or  scarcely 
overlapping"  at  the  base,  more  or  less  enlarg-ed  veined  and  scarious 
after  llowering'.  Ovary  witli  2  to  4  pairs  or  in  two  species  with  only 
1  pair  of  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  where  known  dry,  the  endocarp 
separating-  into  distinct  pyrenes. 

This  might  be  considered  as  tlie  typical  Eremophila,  and  in  most  species  the  flowei"8 
and  fruit  are  so  different  from  tliose  of  Stenochilus,  that  it  seems  difKcult  to  unile  thein 
in  one  gonus,  were  it  not  that  in  other  species  the  several  characters  are  vcry  diiferently 
combined.  iJoth  the  original  Eremophilas  of  Brov\Ti  are  exceptional  in  having  but 
one  pair  of  ovules  to  each  cell  of  the  ovary,  and  one  of  them,  E.  alternifolia,  in  the 
over  lapping  calyx-segments  and  deeply  separated  lowest  coro  la-lobe,  is  closely  con- 
nected  ^\ith  Stenocldlas,  uuder  which  I  have  classed  it,  althoiigh  it  has  the  fruit  ot 
Eremocosmos.  There  are  too  many  species  in  wliich  the  ripe  fruit  is  unknown,  to 
adiuit  of  its  structure  beiiig  taken  at  present  as  an  absolute  sectional  character. 

7.  E.  rotundifolia,  F.  MudJ.  Frafim.  i.  207.  Hoary  with  a  close 
tomentum  and  giandular-tuberculate.  Leaves  nearly  orbicular,  or  broader 
than  long-,  3  to  4  lines  diameter,  thick,  often  complicate,  with  a  short 
recurved,  obtuse  point,  abruptly  contracted  at   the  base   into  a  short 

c  2 


20  xc,  MYOPORiNE^.  [EmnopMla. 

broad  petiole.  Calyx-seg-ments  oblono--spatliulate  or  almost  obovate, 
about  o  lines  lonpr.  ^  Corolla  not  seen.  Unrij)e  fruit  hoary-])ubcscent, 
oblono-,  almost  perfectly  i-celled,  and  apparently  separable  into  distinct 
pyreues. 

S.  Australia.  N.W.  inteiior,  M'Douall  Stiiarfs  E.rpeditwn,  described  from 
niere  Iragments  in  herb.  F.  Mueller,  and  of  very  doubtful  affinity. 

8.  E.  oppositifolia,  R.  Br.  Prod.  518,  A  small  elegant  spread- 
ing-  tree  of  L'U  to  ;3U  ft.  {A.  Cunfi.),  or  a  tall  sbrub,  quite  g-labrous  or 
the  young'  shoots  hoary  or  yellowish  Avith  a  close  minute  tomentum. 
Leaves  scattered  or  here  and  there  opposite,  linear-lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate  and  often  ending;  in  a  hooked  point,  contracted  into  a  short 
petiole,  1  to  2  in,  long-.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  on  pedicels  of 
2  to  8  lines.  Calyx-segTiients  oblong--spathulate,  6  to  8  lines  long-, 
much  contracted  below  the  middle,  Corolla  nearly  1  in.  long-,  glabrous 
outside  and  in,  the  tube  incurved,  the  lobes  all  short  and  obtuse,  the 
2  upper  ones  more  united  and  tlie  lowest  broader  than  the  others. 
Stamens  as  long-  as  the  corolla,  or  the  long-est  pair  shortly  exserted. 
Ovary  shortly  villous,  with  one  pair  of  ovules  only  in  each  cell.  Fruit 
not  seen  quite  ripe,  but  appears  either  to  open  in  4  valves  leaving-  the 
central  placenta  with  4  })endulous  seeds,  or  to  separate  into  4  dry  cocci, 
the  central  placenta  at  lengtli  splitting-  into  4. — A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  712 ; 
F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  294,  and  Rep,  Babb.  Exped.  10  ; 
E.  arhorcsccns,  A.   Cunn. ;   F.  Muell.   in  Proc.   R.   Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  293  ; 

E.  Cunninghaviii,  R.  Br.  App.  Sturt.  Exped.  21 ;  Eremodenclron  Cun- 
ninghamn,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  713. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Barren  wasteB  near  the  termination  of  tbe  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cun- 
ningkam ;  deserts  of  the  Murray  and  Darling,  Victorian  Expedition;  Mouut  Mur- 
chison,  Bonney. 

Victoria.     Murray  river  towards  the  junction  with  the  Murrumbidgee,  F.  3Iueller. 

S.  Australia.     Head  of  Speiicers  Gulf,  B.  Broion;  Ekler's  and  Flinders'  Eanges, 

F.  Mudltr.     Lakes  Gregory,  Hart,  Campbell,  &c.,  Bahbages  E.i-j.erUtlon. 

The  specific  name  is  unfortunately  chosen,  for  the  leaves  are  usually  alternate,  and 
rarely  as  oppusite  as  in  the  original  imperfect  specimens. 

9.  E.  Paisleyi,  F.  Muell.  liep.  Bahb.  Exped.  17.    Very  similar  to  the 

narrow-loaved  specimens  of  E.  MitchcUi,  with  the  same  liabit  and  gla- 

brous  linear-lanceolate  leaves,  but  the  flowers  are  smaller  on  very  short 

pedicels  and  usually  several  tog-etlier  in  axillary  clusters  as  in  Myoporum. 

Calyx  g-landular-])ubescent,   the  seg-ments  shortly  united  at  the  base 

and  not  overlapping-,  narrow^-oblong-,  obtuse,   and  2  lines  long-  at  the 

time  of  iiowering-,    afterwards  eularg-ed,  obovate-oblong-,  very  obtuse 

and  3  lines  long-,  thin  and  veined.     Corolla  about  i  in.  long-,  pubescent 

outside,  scarcely  hairy  inside,  the  tube  c^dindrical"  at  the  base,  dilated 

upwards,  the  4  upper  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  about  half  as  long-  as  the  tube, 

the  lowest  rather  long-er  and  twice  as  broad  as  the  others.     Stamens 

included.     Ovary  slightly  hairy,  tapering-  u])wards,  with  only  one  pair  of 

ovules  in  each  cell  at  the  top  of  the  rather  long-  cavity.     Fruit  not  seeu 

ri])e,  but  a])])arently  that  of  the  section  Ercmocosmos. 

S.  Australia.  Mayerte,  Lake  Gaii-dner,  Babbage.  The  clustered  pedicels  are  quite 
exceptional  in  the  genus. 


Eirmi)phiht.\  XC.    MYOPORINE^E.  21 

10.  E.  Sturtii,  R.  Br.  App.  Stnrt.  Exped.  22.  An  erect  very  much 
brauched  ytroiig--sconted  and  viscid  shrub  of  several  ft.,  g-labrous  or 
very  minutely  hoary-pubescent.  Leaves  narrow  linear,  usually  ending- 
in  a  hooked  point,  entire,  contracted  at  the  base  and  often  petiolate, 
rarely  above  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  ''  puri)Hsh,"  numerous  but  solitary  in 
each  axil,  on  pedicels  of  3  to  4  lines.  Calyx-seg-ments  obovate  or  oblong-, 
membranous  and  rather  rigid,  obtuse,  coloured  and  veined,  rather 
variable  in  shape  and  size  but  usually  attaining-  4  or  5  hnes  when  the 
flowering-  is  over,  Corolla  pubescent,  about  |  in.  long-,  the  narrow 
base  of  the  tube  short,  the  upper  part  broadly  campanulate,  bearded 
inside,  the  4  upper  lobes  short  broad  and  obtuse,  the  2  uppermost  more 
united  than  the  others,  the  middle  lowest  lobe  larg-er  and  broader  than 
the  others,  notched  or  2-lobed  and  woolly  inside.  Stamens  included. 
Ovary  very  villous  with  2  or  3  pairs  of  ovules  to  each  cell.  Fruit  when 
Toung-  hke  that  of  E.  Mitchelli  but  not  acuminate,  not  seen  quite 
ripe.— F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  294  and  Rep.  Babb. 
Exp.  17. 

N.  S.  "Wales.  Deserts  of  the  Lachlan  and  Darling  to  the  Barrier  Range,  Victo- 
rian  and  other  EcpeJitions. 

S.  Australia.  Sturt ;  between  Stoke's  Range  and  Cooper's  Ckh^.  HowitVs  Ex- 
pedition. 

The  species  scarcely  difFers  from  E.  Mitchelli,  except  in  its  smaller  fiower  and  narrower 
leaves. 

11.  E.  Mitchelli,  Bcnth.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  31.  A  tall  shrub  or 
sniall  tree  of  10  to  30  ft.,  glabrous  viscid  and  strong-ly-scented. 
Leaves  linear-lanceohite,  obtuse  or  with  a  hooked  point,  entire,  con- 
tracted  into  a  petiole,  1-nerved,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Flowers  soHtary  in 
the  axils,  on  pedicels  of  3  to  4  hnes.  Calyx-seg-ments  oblong-  or 
cuneate-oblong-,  obtuse,  membranous,  veined,  g-labrous  or  pubescent  on 
the  edg-es,  4  to  5  lines  long-.  CoroDa  about  f  in.  long-,  the  cyhndrical 
part  of  the  tube  about  2  Hnes,  the  broad  part  above  twice  as  long-,  the 
middle  lower  lobe  broader  than  the  others,  shortly  2-lobed,  wooUy 
inside.  Stamens  shorter  than  the  coroUa.  Ovary  very  woolly,  with  3 
or  4  superposed  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  ovoid,  almost 
acuminate,  half  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  exocarp  thin  and  mem- 
branous,  the  endocarp  separatin»'  into  4  nuts  each  with  1  or  with  2 
superposed  seeds. — F.  Muelh  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  in.  294,  and  Rep. 
Babb.  Exped.  17. 

Queensland.  Elevated  stony  lands  on  the  Bogan,  Narran,  Maranoa,  Beljando, 
&c.,  Mitchell ;  Port  Denison,  Fitzalan,  DaUacht/;  Rocklianipton,  llwzet  and  others ; 
tfuttor  river,  Fitzalan,  Sutherland;  Arniadilla,  Barton;  Darliiig  Downs,  Lau. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cunningham;  between  the  Bogan  and  Lachhin, 
L.  Morton  ;  Castlereagh,   Woolls. 

12.  E.  Clarkii,  F.  Muell.  Frafjm.  i.  208.  An  erect  shrub,  attaining- 
G  to  8  ft.,  usuaUy  glabrous  and  often  glaucous.  Leaves  Hnear  or 
Hnear-hmceohite,  entire  or  with  rather  distant  serratures,  contracted 
into  a  short  petiole,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  soHtary  or  2  tog-ether, 
\  to  1  in.  long-,  spreading-  and  usually  incurved  and  dilated  at  the  end. 
Calyx-seg-ments  broadly  lanceolate,  acute,  \  in.  long-  when  in  flower, 


22  xr.  my<)I'orixe;e.  [Eirmoijhihi. 

1  in.  or  niore  wlien  in  fruit,  not  at  all  or  scarcely  overlappin^  at  tlie 
base.  Corolla  "  pale  purple,"  slig-litly  pubescent,  above  1  in.  lon»-, 
tlie  tubo  scarcely  constricted  above  the  ovary,  broad  and  slightly 
incurved,  the  lobes  all  broad,  the  2  upperniost  niore  united  and  very 
obtuse,  tlie  hUeral  onos  more  acute,  the  middle  hjwer  one  broader  thau 
the  others.  Stamens  inchided.  Ovary  g-h^nduh»r-dotted  and  very 
hirsute,  with  2  pairs  of  ovuh^s  in  each  celL  Fruit  hirsute  wath  long- 
hairs,  ovatc,  ratlier  acute,  much  shorter  than  the  calyx,  dry  and  like 
that  of  E.  altcrnifoUa^  but  not  seen  Cjuite  ripe. 

W.  Australia.     Jlurcliison  river,  Olilfidd ;  Sharks  Bay,  Maitland  Broicn. 

13.  E.  Latrobei,  F.  Mmll.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  294,  Rep.  Bdbb. 
Expcd.  17,  uiul  Fraf/iii.  i.  125,  t.  8.  An  erect  much-branched  shrub, 
attaining-  10  ft.,  more  or  less  clothed  with  a  chise  hoary  minutely 
steUate  tomentum,  rarely  almost  glabrous,  usually  also  g-hmduhir- 
tubercidate.  Leaves  hnear  or  narrow-hmceohite,  llat  or  with  recurved 
marg-ins,  obtuse  or  rarely  aciite,  entire,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole, 
■i  to  1  in.  loug-  or  rather  more.  Pedicels  solitary,  rarely  exceeding-  \  in. 
Calyx-seg-ments  hmceohite,  acute,  not  at  all  or  scarcely  overlapping-  at 
the  base,  under  |  in.  long-  when  in  flower,  attainin^  sometimes  f  in. 
in  fruit.  Corolla  about  1  in.  long*  "■  spotted,"  g-hibrous  outside,  the 
tube  broad  incurved  not  contracted  above  the  ovary,  the  lobes  ahnost 
acute,  the  4  upper  ones  erect  and  nearly  erpial,  the  lowest  often  shorter 
and  separated  to  near  the  middle  of  the  corolla.  Stamens  exserted. 
Ovar}'  g-hxbrous,  narrow^-conical,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  to  each  celL 
Drupe  nearly  dry,  ovoid-conical,  4  to  5  hnes  long-,  readily  spHtting-  into 

2  or  4  at  the  top,  the  endocarp  sometimes  readih'  separating-  mto  4  nuts. 
— E.  tiihcrculatu,  F.  MueU.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  294. 

N.  Australia.  SturfsCrcek  aiid  Newcastle  Range,  F.  Mueller ;  between  Strang- 
ways  rivur  aiul  Uupcrt'8  Range,  ^f^Douall  Stuart. 

Queensland.     Siittor,  Burdekin,  aud  Mackenzie  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  'XVales.  Darling  de^ert,  Barton,  and  thence  to  the  Barrier  Eange,  Vietorian 
and  other  E.cpeditions. 

S.  Australia.  Cooper'R  Creek,  HowitVs  E.rpedition ;  Tbomson  river,  A.  C.  Gre- 
gori);  head  of  the  Great  Australian  Bight,  Belisser.  The  coroUa  approacbes  that  of 
/Stenochilus,  but  tbe  calyx  and  fruit  are  tbose  of  Eremocosnios. 

Sect.  3.  Platycalyx. — Calyx  campanuhate,  divided  to  the  middle 
only  into  5  lobos.     Flowers  and  fruits  of  Platijchilu.s. 

14.  E.  Macdonellii,  F.  Mucll.  Pep.  Bal)h.  E.rpcd.  18.  A  branching- 
shrub,  ap])arently  diifiise,  sometimes  cpiite  g-hibrous,  more  frecpiently 
clothed  with  a  hoary  or  white  chjse  stellate  or  phimose  tomentum,  or 
with  h)ng-  sprcading-  hairs,  or  with  both.  Leaves  oblong'-Hnear  or 
lancoohito,  obtuse  or  acuto,  contractod  at  the  base  but  scarcely  petio- 
late,  raroly  jd)ovo  \  in.  long-.  Podicels  solitary,  \  to  above  i-  i*n.  long-. 
Calyx  campanuhito,  with  acute  or  acuminato  lobes  about  as  long-  as  the 
tube,  which  is  sometimes  })rominontly  anglod  and  membranous,  some- 
tinios  more  herbacoous  and  tomentose  without  prominent  ribs,  the 
whole  calyx  varying-  from  4  to  8  or  even  9  lines  long-.  Corolla 
*'blueish,"  glubrous  outside,  1  to  l^  iu.  long-,  the  tube  not  constricted 


Eirmophila.]  XC.   MVOPORiNEiE.  23 

above  the  ovary  and  inucli  dilated  upwards,  tlie  lobes  all  broad  and 
nearly  |  in.  loug-,  the  upper  ones  more  united,  the  three  lower  niore 
spreading-,  the  h)west  rather  broader  than  the  others  but  not  notched. 
Stamens  inchuled.  Ovary  narrow,  glanduhir-dotted  and  tipped  with  a 
few  hairs,  with  '2  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  celL  Fruit  very  succulent, 
ovoid-globose,  acute,  not  seen  ripe  but  ah*eady  as  long*  as  the  some- 
what  enhirg-ecl  cah'x. 

S.  Australia.  Cooper's  Creek,  WrigJit ;  Wills  Creek,  HowiWs  Expedition ;  Lake 
Gregory  and  othiT  parts  ofthe  iiiterior,  Bahbages  ancl  JI'I)ouall  Siuarfs  Expeditions ; 
towards  Spencer's  Gult',   Wurhurton. 

The  calyx  of  this  species  is  exceptional  in  the  whole  Order  of  Myoporineae. 

Sect.  4.  Platychilus. — Calyx-seg"ments  much  imbricate  at  the 
base  (except  in  the  first  two  species)  the  outer  ones  usually  broader. 
Corolla-lobes  all  broad  and  obtuse  or  the  upper  ones  scarcely  acute. 
Stamens  included  or  scarcely  exserted.  Ovules  in  two  or  three  super- 
posed  pairs  in  each  cell  of  the  ovary.  Fruit  (of  Stenochilus)  succulent, 
with  a  thick  bony  putamen,  not  separating-  into  pyrenes. 

15.  E.  graciliflora,  F.  Muell.  Fmgm.  i,  208.  A  shrub  of  several 
feet,  the  young'  shoots  more  or  less  hoary-tomentose,  the  adult  leaves 
usually  gdabrous.  Leaves  hnear-lanceolate,  acutely  acuminate  and  the 
points  sometimes  incurved,  quite  entire,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  1  to 
2|  in.  long-.  Pedicels  soHtary,  under  \  in.  long-.  Calyx-seg-ments 
linear-lanceohite,  not  overhipping-  at  the  base,  scarcely  exceeding-  3 
lines  when  in  flower,  broader  6  to  8  lines  long-  and  acute  when  in  fruit. 
Corolla  "  red,"  more  slender  than  in  most  species,  scarcely  incurved, 
under  1  in.  long-,  sprinkled  with  short  spreading-  hairs,  the  tube  not 
contracted  above  the  ovary,  g-radually  but  not  much  enlarg'ed  upwards, 
the  lobes  nearly  ecpial,  oval-oblong-,  obtuse,  the  2  upper  ones  rather 
more  united  than  the  others.  Stamens  included ;  anther-cells  narrow. 
Ovary  oblong-,  g-landular-dotted,  glabrous,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  in 
each  cell.     Drupe  small,  dry,  depressed-gdobular,  the  putamen  hard. 

^fl.  Australia.     ilurchisou  liver,  Oldfield, 

16.  E.  longifolia,  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  295.  A  tall 
erect  shrub,  the  young-  shoots  minutely  hoary-tomentose,  the  older 
foliag-e  nearly  gdabrous  and  often  drying-  black.  Leaves  scattered, 
linear  or  almost  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  tapering-  into  a  recurved 
point,  rather  thick  but  flat,  2  to  4  or  even  5  in.  long-,  contracted  into  a 
short  petiole.  Pedicels  solitary  or  2  tog-ether,  varying-  in  length  from 
2  or  3  lines  to  \  in.,  stout  or  slender,  erect  or  spreading*.  Calyx- 
segments  triang-ular  or  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  rarely  2  lines 
long-,  united  at  the  base  and  scarcely  overlapping-,  usually  woolly-ciliate 
on  the  margins.  Corolla  velvety-pubescent  outside,  f  to  1  in.  long", 
the  tube  gibbous  at  the  base,  contracted  over  the  ovary,  the  remainder 
much  dilated  and  slig-htly  incurved,  the  lobes  all  ovate  and  obtuse  the 
two  uppermost  rather  smaller  and  the  lowest  often  but  not  always  more 
deeply  separated  than  the  others.  Stamens  shortly  exserted.  Ovary 
thick  and  tieshy,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell.     Fruit  ovoid  or 


24  xc.   MYOPoniXE.E.  [Eirmophila. 

g-lobular,  very  succulent,  with  a  tliick  hard  putainen,  completely 
4-celleil  and  not  separating-  into  pyrenes. — Stmnchihis  hmfiifolim,  R.  Br. 
Prod.  ol7  and  App.  Sturt.  Exped.  23;  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  714;  S.  sali- 
cinu.-i,  Bentli.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  251  and  S.  pubijtorus,  Benth. 
1.  c.  273. 

N.  Australia.  Sturt'8  Creek,  F.  Mueller  ;  in  the  interior,  WDouall  Stuarfs  Ex- 
pedition. 

Queensland.  Suttor  river,  F.  Mueller,  Boioman  (the  latter  with  smaller  flowers  and 
fruit),  Sutlierland ;  Belyando  river,  Mitchell;  Armadilla,  Barton ;  Dariing  downs,  Lau. 

N.  S.  VTales.  Lachlan  river  to  Liverpool  Plains  and  all  the  brushi-s  of  the  inte- 
rior,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser;  from  the  Slurray  and  Darling  to  the  liarrier  Range, 
Victorian  and  other  Expeditions. 

Victoria.  Murray  and  Avoca  rivers,  and  Lake  Hindmarsh,  F.  MueUer;  Wimmera, 
Dallachy. 

S.  Australia.  Spencer's  Gulf,  R.  Brown;  S.  coast,  Sturt;  N.  of  Adelaide,  IVhit- 
iaker. 

\ir.  Anstralia.     Swan  river,  Drummond ;  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

17.  E.  Drummondii,  F.  Muell.  Frdf/m.  vi.  147.  An  erect,  virgate, 
much-branched  phrul),  g;labrous  and  more  or  less  g'hitinous.  Leaves 
alternate,  hnear-fihform,  obtuse  or  with  a  short  straig'ht  or  incurved 
point,  usually  about  1  in.  but  sometimes  nearly  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels 
solitary  or  2  tog'ether,  often  above  |  in.  long-.  Calyx-segnnents  very 
much  imbricate,  hmceohite  or  ovate-hmceohite,  acute,  nearly  3  lines 
long".  Corolla  g-hibrous  outside,  incurved,  7  to  9  lines  long-,  the  cyHn- 
drical  base  short,  the  broad  part  of  the  tuhe  much  long-er,  the  four  upper 
lobes  ahnost  acute,  the  middle  lower  one  broader  than  the  others,  very 
obtuse,  pubescent  inside  at  the  base.  Stamens  included.  Ovary  gia- 
brous,  2-celled,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  celh  Young-  fruit  oblong*- 
conical,  nearly  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  putamen  almost  perfectly 
4-celled,  with  1  seed  in  each  cell. 

"W.  Australia.  Drummond,  n.  64,  with  rather  broad  calj'x-segments,  and  n.  74 
with  the  segnients  still  broader,  almost  ovate. 

18.  E.  polyclada,  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  294.  A  g-la- 
brous  shrub  of  4  to  8  feet,  withvery  divaricate  rigid  intricate  branches, 
the  smaller  ones  almost  spinescent,  the  specimens  usually  drying-  bhick. 
Leaves  mostly  very  spreading-,  distant,  linear  or  narrowly  linear-lan- 
ceolate,  acute,  entire,  narrowed  at  the  base,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels 
solitary,  often  recurved,  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Calyx-seg-ments  much 
imbricate,  broad,  obtuse  or  acuminate,  with  spreading-  or  recurved 
points.  Corolhi  glabrous  outside,  |  to  1  in.  long-,  the  t\ibe  broad, 
almost  campanulate,  g-radually  enhirg-ed  from  the  base  and  not  con- 
tracted  above  the  ovnry,  tlie  lobes  all  very  broad,  tlie  2  upper  ones 
more  united  and  the  middle  hnver  one  twice  as  broad  as  the  others  and 
emarg-inate,  the  whole  corolla  bearded  inside  especiallv  under  the  uj^per 
lobes.  Stamens  scarcely  exserted  from  the  tube,  shorter  than  the  lobes. 
Ovary  oblong",  glabrous,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  to  each  cell.  Fruit 
tapering-  into  a  beak  exceeding-  the  calyx,  but  not  seen  quite  ripe. — 
Pholidia  poJi/chida,  ¥.  Muell.  in  Hook.'Kew  Journ.  viii.  201,  and  iu 
Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  47. 


ErfimphUa.]  XC.    MYOPORINE^.  25 

Queensland.  Desprt  on  tlie  Suttor,  F.  Mueller,  Sutherland ;  Cape  liver,  Bow- 
man ;  Cuniwilligliie,  Dalton. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Daiiing  ancl  Murray  desert,  F.  Miceller,  Victorian  and  other  Ex- 
peditions. 

S.  Australia,     Great  niarsh  of  the  intorior,  Sturt. 

The  species  is  nearly  allied  to  E.  hignonicefiora,  differing  chiefly  in  the  narrow  lcaves 
and  tapeiing  ovary  and  fruit. 

19.  E.  bignoniseflora,  F.  Mucll.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Ta.wi.  iii.  294  and 
Pl.  Vict.  ii.  t.  00.  A  strong--scented  tall  shrub  or  small  tree,  quite 
glabrous  and  often  g-lutinous.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  entire,  contracted  into  a  sliort  petiole,  2  to  6  in.  long. 
Pedicels  solitary,  \  to  |-  in.  long-,  more  or  less  llattened,  often  recurved, 
but  not  turned  up  ag-ain.  Calyx-seg-ments  imbricate  at  tlie  base,  ovate, 
obtuse  or  rarely  acute,  thickened  in  the  middle,  2  to  3  lines  long-. 
CoroHa  gUibrous  outside,  about  1  in.  long-,  scarcely  contracted  above 
the  ovary,  the  tube  gradually  elilarg-ed  from  the  base,  the  lobes  all 
broad  and  short,  the  2  uppermost  more  united,  the  lowest  twice  as 
broad  as  the  others  and  2-lobed.  Stamens  shortly  exserted  from  the 
tube  but  shorter  than  the  corolla-lobes.  Ovary  2-celled  with  2  pairs  of 
ovules  to  each  cell.  Drupe  ovate,  acute,  |  in.  long'  or  more,  succulent, 
the  putamen  hard  and  bony,  more  or  less  completely  4-celled. — Stcno- 
chilus  hignonicefioruSj  Benth.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  380. 

WT.  Australia.     Sturt's  Creek  and  Gilbert  river,  F.  Mueller. 

Queensland.  Balonne  river,  Mitchell;  Suttor  river,  Boioman,  Sutherland ;  llock- 
haniptun,  Ilerb.  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Murray  and  Darling  desert,  Dallachy  and  Goodwin. 
Victoria.     Muiray  desert,  Irvine. 

20.  E.  Freelingii,  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  295.  An 
erect  shrub,  more  or  less  hoary-tomentose  and  g"lutinous  or  the  foliag'e 
at  length  g-labrous.  Leaves  crowded,  lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  con- 
tracted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole,  f  to  l^  in.  long-.  Peduncles  solitary, 
mostly  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Calyx-seg"ments  much  imbricate,  ovate  or 
lanceolate,  rather  acute  or  acuminate,  not  dilated  upwards,  tlie  outer- 
most  usually  mucli  broader  and  larg-er  tlian  the  inner  ones.  Corolla 
above  1  in.  long*,  pubescent  outside,  the  tube  constricted  above  the 
ovary,  then  enlarg-ed,  the  4  upper  lobes  rather  broad  and  acute,  the 
2  uppermost  more  united  than  the  others,  the  middle  lower  lobe  broader 
and  obtuse.  Stamens  included.  Ovary  ovoid,  with  2  or  3  pairs  of  ovules 
in  each  cell,  suspended  from  short  broad  llat  erect  superposed  funi- 
cles.  Drupe  not  seen  perfect,  apparently  nearly  drj^,  with  a  4-celled 
putamen. 

S.  Australia.  Lake  Torrens,  IlowitVs  Expedition;  between  Stoke's  Eange  and 
Cooper's  Creek,  Wheehr  (both  with  tlie  calyx  2  to  3  lines  long) ;  near  Lake  T'onens, 
Hawke.r  in  Freeling^s  Expedition  (with  the  outer  calyx-^egments  above  4  in.  long,  and 
the  corolla  also  large). 

21.  E.  Goodwinii,  F.  MucU.  Pcp.  Bahh.  Expcd.  1?.  A  shrub  of 
several  feet,  more  or  less  glandidar  and  viscid  and  often  hirsute  with 
spreading-  hairs  whicli  are  rarely  wanting-  on  the  calyxes  and  pedicels. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  acutely  acuminate,  entire,  scarcely 


5?()  xc.   MVoroHiNK.E.  [Ereimphild. 

coiitracted  or  even  dilated  at  the  base  aud  ses.^ile,  tlie  midrib  often  very 
proniinent  underneatli,  inostly  1  to  nearly  2  in.  lonjz'.  Pedicels  solitary, 
A  to  1  in.  long-  or  even  more.  Cah'x-se_iiments  inuch  imbricate,  lanceo- 
fate,  very  aeute,  4  to  8  lines  long-,  the  outer  one  usually  broader  and 
tlie  2  innermost  smaller  than  the  others.  Corolla  more  or  less  pubes- 
cent  outside,  f  to  above  1  in.  long-,  tlie  lobes  broad,  obtuse  or  shortly 
acute,  the  2  uppermost  more  united,  the  middle  lowest  lobe  scareely 
broader  than  the  others.  Stamens  included.  Ovary  shortly  ovoid, 
very  hairy,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  very  obtuse  or 
retuse,  liairy,  4  to  5  lincs  long-,  very  tliick  witli  a  tliick  bony  4-celled 
pntanien. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Darling  river  and  Mount  ^Murchison,  Dallachy  nnd  Goodwhi. 
S.  Australia.     N.W.  intcrinr,  Mount  Freeling.  &c.,    M'Douall  Sluarl'3  Expedl- 
tion;  Lctwcen  Stoke'»  Kange  and  Cooper'8  Creek,  Wheeler. 

22.  E.  Willsii,  F.  Miirll.  Fraf/in.  iii.21,  t.  20.  Branches  and  foliage 
more  or  le.-<s  covered  with  a  o-janduhir  rust-coloured  pubescence  and 
somewhat  g-hitinous.  Leaves  obovate-oblong",  obtuse  or  alniost  acute, 
entire  or  serrulate,  contracted  at  the  base  but  not  petiohite,  about  1  in. 
long-.  Pedicels  solitary,  liispid,  short.  Cah'x-seg'ments  much  imbri- 
cate,  ^  to  I  in.  long-  and  enhirg'ing'  after  flowering,  the  outermost  ahnost 
ovjite,  tlie  innermost  narrow,  all  acute.  Corolhi  ghibrous,  or  shghtly 
pnbescent  ontside,  "  bhie,"  the  h)bes  ah  broad  obtuse  or  very  shortly 
acute,  tlie  middle  lower  one  rather  broader  than  the  others.  Stamens 
inchided.  Ovary  narrow,  densely  tomentose,  witli  2  pairs  of  ovules  in 
eacli  ceh.     Fruit  not  seen. 

N.  Australia.     Finke  river,  M'Douall  StuarVs  Ej^edition. 

23.  E.  platycalyx,  F.  Mncll.  Frapm.  v.  109.  A  shrub  of  about  10 
feet,  more  or  less  hoary-tomentose  or  almost  glabrous,  the  branches 
often  glanduhir-verrucose.  Lcaves  hinceohite,  broad  or  narrow,  taper- 
ing"  into  a  sliort  petiole,  entire  and  rather  thick,  above  1  in.  long'. 
("tilyx-scgments  mucli  imbricate,  ahiiost  hke  those  of  an  Ipomrea,  ovah 
obh)ng-  in  tlie  bud  rjither  thick  and  very  obtuse,  but  as  the  flower 
expands  very  soon  enlarging-,  ahnost  orbicuhir,  thin,  coloured  and 
veined,  attsiining-  J  in.  diameter.  Corolhi  g-hibrous  outside,  above  1  in. 
hjng',  the  tiibe  Ijrotid,  shg-litly  constricted  above  tlie  ovary,  tlie  lobes  all 
broad.  Stamens  inchided.  Ovary  obhjng-,  tapering-  upwards,  shglitly 
glanduhir-tomentose  or  g-labrous,  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  in  eacli  ceh. 

W.  Australia.  Drummond ;  Sharks  Bay  and  300  miles  up  Murcliison  river, 
3faitl(t)«f  liroirn. 

24.  E.  viscida,  Endl.  Nov.  Stirp.  Bcc.  Wi.  Ghilirous  :ind  ghitinous. 
Leaves  ehiptical-hinceokite,  entire,  IJ  to  2  in.  hmg-,  4  to  5  hnes  broad. 
Peihincles  soHtary  or  2  tog-etlier,  0  hnes  hjng-,  dihited  uiider  the  flowers. 
Calyx-segments  o])ovate,  obtiise,  enhirged  scarious  and  veined  wheii  in 
fruit  and  tlien  5  lines  h)ng-  iind  4  broad.  Coroha-tube  broad,  5  hnes 
long-,  the  loltes  ah  liroad  ol)tuse  3  lines  long-,  the  2  uppermost  more 
united  in  tin  upper  lip.  Stamens  mucli  exserted.  Drupe  small. — DC. 
Prod.  xi.  712  j  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  294. 


Ureniophila.]  xc.   myoporine^.  27 

W.  Australia.  lioe.  I  have  iiot  examiued  this  species  ;  from  the  ahove  descriplinn 
abridged  frotn  Endliclier's  it  appears  to  be  near  E.  jylati/cahjx,  but  with  long  exsei  ted 
stauiens.  The  only  speclmen  1  have  seen  ^in  the  Herbarium  of  the  Imperial  Botaiiic 
Garden  at  Vienna)  has  no  corolla. 

Sect.  5.  Stenochilus. — Calyx-seg'ments  imbricate  at  the  base, 
iisually  enlarn-ed  after  llowering-.  Corolla  4  upper  lobes  short  and 
acute,  the  fifth  lowest  more  deeply  separated  and  sometimes  narrow. 
Stamens  exserted  (except  in  E.  altcrn[folin).  Ovules  2  or  3  pairs  or 
rarely  only  1  pair  in  each  cell  of  the  ovary.  Drupe  usually  succulent, 
with  a  thick  bony  putamen  not  separating-  into  pyrenes. 

25.  E.  Brownii,  F.  Mnell.  in  Proc.  B.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  297.     A  shrub 
attaining-  sometimes  several  feet,  rarely  quite  g'hibrous,  more  frequently 
with  the  branches  and  young-  shoots  and  sometimes  the  adult  foliag-e 
hoary  or  white  with  a  close  ahnost  mealy  tomentum.     Leaves  hmceo- 
late  or  rarely  elliptical  oblong-  or  cuneate,  obtuse  or  acute,  entire  or  very 
rarely  marked  with  a  few  serratures,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  very 
variable  in  size,  most  frequently  f  to  1  in.  long-,  but  in  some  specimens 
all  under  J  in.  and  crowded.     Pedicels  soHtary,  usually  shorter  than 
the   calyx.     Flowers    "yellow,   red,  or  with   these    colours  variously 
mixed."     Calyx-seg"ments   imbricate,  broadly  or  narrowly  lanceolate, 
acuminate  or  almost  obtuse,  varying-  from  scarcely  above  1  line  to  above 
3  lines  long-,  the   outer  ones  usually  larg-er  than  the  inner.     Corolla 
g-labrous  or  slig-htly  pubescent  outside,  usually  about  1  in.  but  in  some 
specimens  only  8  or  9  lines  long-,  the  tube  constricted  above  the  ovary, 
then  dilated  and  incurved,  the  4  upper  lobes  short  narrow  and  acute, 
with  sometimes  an  accessory  one  between  the  2  uppermost,  the  lowest 
lobe  narrow,  rolled  back,  separated  to  about  the  middle  of  the  corolla. 
Stamens  exserted,  usually  long\     Ovary  with  2  pairs  of  ovules  to  each 
cell.     Fruit  ovoid  or  almost  g'lobular,  succulent,  4  to  5  lines  diameter 
when  perfect,  the  putamen  hard,  almost  perfectly  4-celled  with  1  seed 
in  each  cell. — StenocMlus  qlaher,  R.  Br.  Prod.  517;  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi 
714;  Endl.  IconogT.  t.  92;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  1942;  Bot.  Reg-.  t.  572;  S. 
viscosus,  Grah.  in  Edinb.  Phil.  Journ.vi.  387  and  in  Bot.  Mag*.  t.  2930 
A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  715  ;  Eremophila  Grahami,  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc 
Tasm.  iii.  297  ;   S.  ocliroleucus  A.  Cunn.  (<S'.  maculati  var.  A.  DC),  A.  DC 
Prod.  xi.  715 ;  S.  alhicans  and  S.  suhcanescens  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  351 
A.  DC.  1.  c. ;  Eremophila  albicans,  F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii 
297 ;  S.  incanvs,  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg'.  1839,  Misc.  70 ;  Eremophila  incana 
F.  Muell.  in  Proc.  R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  297. 

Queensland.     Between  Warrego  and  the  Maranoa,  Barton. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Lachlan  river,  PeeFs  Range,  &c.,  A.  Cimninfjham ;  from  the 
Laclilan,  ^Munay,  and  Uarlingto  the  Bariier  Eange,   Victorian  and other  Expeditions. 

Victoria.     Alurray  dcsert,   F.  Miieller ;  Wimmera,  Pallwhi/. 

S.  Australia.  Fowier's  Bay,  and  head  of  Spencer's  Gulf.  B  Brovm,  from  the 
]\Iurray  to  St.  Viricent's  and  Spciicer's  Gulf,  and  Lake  Torrens  i^.  Muelltr  and  others  ; 
Kanjano  island,   Waterliouse ;  L,ike  Gairdner,  Bahbage. 

"W.  Australia.  P^rom  Swan  river  to  the  northwaid,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  441, 
442,  Preiss.  n.  2303,  2304,  2318,  i^ro-.scr  aud  others  ;  Murchison  river,  OJdfidd ;  Sharks 
Bay,  Milne,  Maitlond  Brown  ;  rhillips  and  Fitzgerald  river,  dlaxivell. 

This  the  typical  Stenochilus  f:om   which  the  following  species  diverge  more  or  less, 


28  xr.   myoporixk.t:.  [EmnophUn. 

connectin?  it  witli  fhe  otlier  sections  o{  JiJrem  /pJiila,  is  itself  exceedingly  variabie,  from 
cottany  wliite  all  over  to  pcrfeotly  giabnms,  as  well  as  in  the  siiape  of  tiie  leav-  s  anti  size 
of  the  lcaves  and  flowers.  The  foliowing  appears  almost  deserving  to  be  reckoned  a  distinct 
Bpecies : — 

Var.  viridijlora,  F.  Mucll.  Diffuse,  with  sniall  crowded  leaves  and  small  flower", 
viscid,  pubescent  and  greeii.  Tlie  lower  lobe  smaller  than  in  the  typical  forui.  W.  Aus- 
tralia,  Drummond,  {2nd  coll.  ?)  n.  162  ;  Upper  Kalgan  river,  jf^.  Mueller. 

20.  E.  subfloccosa,  Bcnth.  Youno-  slioots  thiekly  covered  w\X\\  a 
loose  pluinose  almosr  tioccose  tomentum,  Avearing-  oli"  from  the  older 
leaves.  Leaves  crowded,  elliptical-ohlong',  obtuse,  entire,  contracted  at 
the  base  but  sessile  or  nearly  so,  h  in.  long-  or  rather  more,  rather 
thick,  the  older  ones  a])parently  g-lutinous.  Flower  solitary,  sessile  or 
nearly  so,  long-er  than  the  leaves.  Calyx-segments  much  imbricate, 
narrow,  acute,  loosely  tomentose,  3  lines  long-  or  rather  more,  the 
outer  ones  linear-lanceolate,  the  inner  narrow-linear.  Corolla  g-labrous 
outside  or  sprinkled  with  short  hairs,  7  to  8  lines  long-,  slig-htly  con- 
stricted  above  the  ovarv,  then  incurved  and  enlarg-ed,  the  4  upper  lobes 
small  and  acute,  the  lowest  one  much  shorter,  also  acute.  Stamens 
exserted.  Ovary  g-hibrous,  with  only  one  pair  of  ovules  in  each  cell. 
V^.  Australia.     In  the  interior,  Boe,  also  Drummond  {in  herh.  F.  Muell.) 

27.  E.  Oldfieldii,  F.  MucU.  Fragm.  i.  208.  An  erect  shrub  of 
several  feet,  or  small  tree  of  10  feet  {Oldfield),  g-labrous  and  probably 
g-lutinous,  or  the  branchlets  and  young-  shoots  minutely  hoary.  Leaves 
linear  or  lanceolate,  acute  or  almost  obtuse,  entire,  contracted  into  a 
petiole,  llat  but  rather  thick,  1  to  2  in.  long-  or  rarely  more.  Flowers 
"  red  with  a  yellow  base,"  solitary,  on  pedicels  of  \  to  \  in.  Calyx- 
seg-ments  much  imbricate,  oblong-,  from  ahnost  cuneate  to  lanceolate, 
obtuse  or  acute,  3  to  4  lines  long-  at  the  time  of  llowering-,  enhirging 
to  \  in.  or  more.  CoroUa  g-hd)rous  outside  or  nearly  so,  about  |  in. 
long-,  the  tube  broad  from  the  base  and  scarcely  constrieted  above  the 
ovarv,  the  lobes  all  ol)tuse  or  scarcely  acute,  the  4  upper  ones  short, 
the  lowest  broadly  oblong-  and  separate  to  near  the  middle  of  the 
corolla.  Stamens  more  or  less  exserted.  Ovary  short,  obtuse, 
glabrous,  with  2  or  3  pairs  of  ovules  in  each  cell. 

W.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  Oldfield;  Sharks  Bay,  Milne. 

28.  E.  Duttoni,  F.  MueU.  Rep.  Bahb.  Expcd.  16.  An  erect  g-lutinous 
shrub,  g-labrous  or  the  young:  shoots  slig-htly  tomentose.  Leaves 
narrow-lanceolate,  entire,  tapering-  into  a  long-'acute  point,  contracted 
at  the  base  but  scarcely  petiolate,  1  to  2  in.  long".  Pedicels  solitarv, 
i^^in.  long-  or  more,  very  spreading-  and  turned  up  towards  the  end! 
Flowers  "  orang-e-red."  Calyx-seg-ments  ovate,  aeute  or  acuminate, 
and  4  to  6  lines  long-  at  the  time  of  ilowering-,  afterwards  often  en- 
hiro-ea,,  broad,  coloured,  almost  scarious  and  veined.  Corolla  usually 
g-labrous  outside,  slig-htly  bearded  inside,  1  to  l^  in.  long-,  the  tube 
constrieted  above  the  ovary,  then  enlarg-ed  and  slightly  curved,  the 
4  u])i)er  lobes  short  and  acute,  the  lowest  oblong-,  obtuse,  separate  to 
about  l  of  the  corolla.  Stamens  exserted.  Ovary  o-labrous  or  slightly 
g-landular-pubescent,  with  a  pair  of  ovules  to  each  cell.     Fruit  suc- 


Ercmuphila.]  XC.   MYOPORINE^.  29 

culont,  shinino-,  sliorter  than  tlie  enhirg-ed  calyx,  the  putamen  hard  and 
hony,  nsually  4-celled,  with  one  seed  in  each  celL 

N.  S.  Wales.  Near  thc  Ban-ier  Range,  Victorian  Expedition;  Mount  Murcliison, 
Bonney. 

S.  Australia.     Cooper's  Creck,  Wright;  Nortbern  interior,  3PDouall  Stuart. 

29.  E.  maculata,  F.  Mudl.  in  Proc.  i?.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  297.  A  tall 
shrub,  with  rig-id  divaricate  hranclies,  more  or  less  hoary-tomentose  or 
pubescent,  the  adult  foliaye  usually  g-hibrous.  Leaves  mostly  hm- 
ceolate,  varying-  however  from  elliptical-oblong-  to  linear,  acute  or 
obtuse,  entire,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  rarely  above  1  in.  long-,  tiat 
and  g-reen  on  both  sides  or  hairy  when  young*.  Pedicels  solitary, 
often  above  h  in.  long-,  very  spreading-  or  retlexed  but  turned  up  ag-ain 
under  the  flowers.  Calyx-seg-ments  much  imbricate  and  ovate  at  the 
base,  acuminate,  2  to  3  lines  long-  or  more.  Corolla  g-labrous  outside, 
"  red,  more  or  less  varieg-ated  Avith  yellow  or  quite  yellow,"  1  in.  long- 
or  more,  the  broad  tube  constricted  above  the  ovary,  the  upper  part 
slightly  incurved  and  not  much  dilated,  the  4  upper  lobes  short  and 
acute,  the  lowest  one  narrow,  recurved,  separated  to  below  the  middle 
of  the  corolla.  Stamens  usually  but  perhaps  not  always  exserted. 
Ovary  g-habrous,  with  2  or  3  pairs  of  ovules  to  each  celL  Fruit  ovoid- 
g-lobular,  shortly  acuminate,  above  h  in.  diameter,  very  succulent, 
Avith  a  hard  bony  putamen,  completely  2-celled  and  less  perfectly 
4-celled.  Seeds  small,  without  so  niuch  albumen  as  in  some  species. — 
Stenochilus  inaculatus,  Ker.  in  Bot.  Reg*.  t.  647 ;  R.  Br.  App.  Sturt. 
Exped.  23 ;  S.  racemosus  EndL  Nov.  Stirp.  Dec.  50 ;  A.  DC.  Prod.  xi. 
?15;  S.  curvipes,  Benth.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  221. 

N.  Australia.     Attack  Creek,  MDouall  Stuarfs  E.cpecUtion. 

Queensland.  Warrepo  river,  3Iifchell ;  Isaacs  and  Fitzroy  rivers,  Bowman  and 
ofhers  ;  Curriewillighie,  Dalton;  Darling  Downs,  Lau. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cnnningham ;  Murray,  Darling,  and  Lachlan 
rivers  to  the  Banier  Range,  Victorian  andother  Expeditions ;  Junction  of  the  Murray 
and  Murrumbidgee,  F.  Mueller. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.     Murray  river  towards  Moriunda,  F.  Mueller. 

Var.  brevifolia.  Leaves  oblong  or  obovate-oblong,  very  obtuse,  mostly  about  ^  in. 
long. 

N.  Australia.     Hammersiey  Ranges,  N.W.  coast,  Maitland  Brown. 

N.  Australia.  Murchison  river,  300  miles  above  the  Geraldine,  Oldfield;  100 
miles  E.  of  Tork,  Roe. 

30.  E.  denticiilata,  F.  Muell.  Fra/jm.  i.  125.  A  shrub  of  several 
feet,  g-labrous  or  nearly  so  and  g-lutinous.  Leaves  lanceolate  ovate- 
lanceohite  or  oblong--elliptical,  acute  or  acuminate,  entire  or  serrulate, 
contracted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  solitary, 
^  to  1  in.  long-,  very  spreading"  and  incurved  under  the  flowers.  Calyx- 
seg-ments  much  imbricate  at  tlie  base,  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acute  or  acuminate,  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Corolla  "  red,"  g"labrous  outside, 
about  1  in.  lono-,  slig-htly  constricted  above  the  ovary,  but  broad  even 
there,  and  enlarg-ed  and  incurved  upwards,  the  4  upper  lobes  very 
small  and  acute,  the  lowest  lobe  narrow,  recurved,  separated  to  below 
the  middle   of  the  coroUa.     Stamens   exserted.     Ovary  rather  short, 


30  xc.   MYOPOiUNEJi.  [Eremophila. 

ovoid,  «'labrous,  Avitli  ouly  one  })air  of  ovules  to  each  cell.     Drupe  suc- 
culent,  but  uot  seeu  ri|)e. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond ;  riiillips  river  and  sand  Innnmocks,  Eyre's  Kclief, 
Maxwell. 

31.  E.  latifolia,  F.  Mnrll.  in  IJnim-a,  xxv.  428,  and  iii  Proc.  li.  Soc. 
Tn.w).  iii.  2U;3.  A  spreadiug-  slirub  of  2  to  3  ft.,  the  young-  shoots 
slig-htly  hoary-pubescent,  otherwise  g-hibrous  and  usually  glutinous. 
Leaves  ovate  obovate  or  ovate-lanceohite,  obtuse,  mostly  denticulate 
and  often  unduhite,  contracted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole,  |  to  1  in. 
lono-.  Pedicels  solitary,  slender,  above  \  in.  long-,  very  spreading-  and 
curved  upwards  at  the"cnd.  Calyx-seg-ments  much  imbricate,  broadly 
ovate  or  obovate,  obtuse,  herbaceous,  3  to  4  lines  long-  when  in  flower, 
enhir"ino-  sometimes  to  4  or  5  lines,  very  broad  rigid  and  veined  when 
in  truit,  '"the  outermost  one  often  smaller  than  the  others.  Corolla 
g-hm(Uilar-i)ubescent  outside,  f  to  1  in.  long-,  shghtly  constricted  above 
the  ovary,  then  broad  and  incurved ;  the  4  upper  lobes  short  and  acute, 
tlie  lowest  narrow,  reHexed,  separated  to  below  the  middle  of  the 
coroHa.  Stamens  exserted.  Ovary  depressed,  2-celled,  with  only  one 
pair  of  ovules  to  each  celL  Fruit  depressed-globuhir,  half  as  long-  as 
the  calyx,  succulent,  wath  a  hard  bony  ahnost  completely  4-celled 
putamen. — Stenochilus  serndatiis,  A.  Cunn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  715. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  PeeVs  Range,  A.  Cunningham ;  Lachlan  and  Dailing  rivers  to  the 
Barrier  Ttange,  Victorian  and  other  Expeditions. 

S.  Australia.  Near  Cudnaka,  F.  Mueller ;  Lake  Gillies,  Burhitt;  N.  interior, 
31'DouaU  tStuarfs  F.iyedition. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  Harper. 

32.  E.  alternifolia,  F.  Br.  Prod.  518  and  App.  Sturt.  Exped.  22. 
A  tall  erect  much-branched  shrub,  the  young-  shoots  minutely  hoary, 
otherwise  glabrous.  Leaves  scattered,  Unear-terete,  iisually  ending-  in  a 
recurved  point,  entire,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  rarely  above  1  in. 
h)ng-.  Pedicels  soHtary,  very  spreading-  or  reflexed  but  turned  up  at 
the  end.  Calyx-seg-ments  much  imbricate,  ovate  or  almost  orbicuhir, 
scarious,  veined,  coloured,  the  inner  ones  3  to  4  lines  long-,  the  2  outcr 
ones  smaller.  Corolla  "  red,  spotted  with  purple,"  g-labrous  outside, 
I  to  1  in.  h)ng-,  the  short  base  of  the  tube  ahnost  globuhir,  constricted 
al)ove  the  ovary,  then  dilated  and  somewhat  incurved ;  the  4  upper 
h)bes  short  and  acute,  the  lowest  lobe  broader,  obtuse,  very  spreading- 
and  separated  to  the  middle  of  the  tube.  Stamens  included.  Ovary 
glabrous,  with  only  one  pair  of  ovules  to  each  cell.  Fruit  ovoid  or 
ovoid-conical,  the  exocarp  very  thin,  the  endocarj)  readily  separating- 
into  4  acuminate  pvrenes,  with  1  seed  in  each. — A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  712 ; 
F.  Muoll.  iu  Proc.R.  Soc.  Tasm.  iii.  294. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Darling  river,  Giles. 

S.  Avistralia.  Spenccr^s  CJulf,  R.  Brovm,  Warhurton ;  Murray  Scnib,  Behr.; 
Flinders'  Kangc  and  Lake  Torrens,  F.  Ilneller  ;  Lake  Giilics,  Burkitt ;  Lake  Gairdner, 
Bahbayes  Expedition. 

This  specics  has  the  calyx  and  corolla  of  Stenochilus,  with  the  included  stamcns  and 
the  fruit  of  Eremocosmos. 

Var.  latifiilia,  F.  Muel.  Leaves  thick  and  nerveless,  but  flat,  and  1  to  l.J,  lines  broad. 
— Head  of  the  Great  Bight,  Delisser. 


XCI.    SELAGIXK.E.  31 


Ordeu  xcl    SELAGINE^. 

Flowers  irregnilar.  Caljx  persistent,  more  or  less  deeply  toothed  or 
divided  into  3  to  5  lobes,  or  into  2  or  8  distinct  sepals.  Corolla  with 
4  or  5  lobes  more  or  less  oblirpiely  declinate  or  rarely  2-lipped. 
Stamens  iisuallv  4,  in  pairs,  inserted  at  tbe  summit  of  the  tube  of  the 
coroHa  and  alternating"  with  its  lower  lobes  ;  antliers  1-celled  (by  the 
coniluence  of  the  2  cells  ?)  Ovary  free,  not  lobed,  2-celled  with  1  pen- 
dulous  ovule  in  each  cell.  Style  simple,  undivided  at  the  apex.  Fruit 
small,  dry,  readily  separating-  into  two  1-seeded  nuts  or  reduced  to  a 
sing-le  one  by  abortion.  Seeds  pendulous,  albuminous  ;  embryo  straig-ht, 
with  a  superior  radicle. — Herbs  or  undershrubs  usually  small.  Leaves 
alternate  or  rarely  opposite,  the  lloral  ones  often  dissimilar  and  reduced 
to  bracts.  Flowers  solitary  within  each  lloral  leaf,  usually  sessile, 
forming-  dense  or  interrupted  terminal  spikes. 

A  small extratropical  Order,  cliiofly  South  Afiican,  with  one  northern  geniis,  the  only 
Australian  species  having  been  probahly  introduced  froui  tlie  Cape.  The  order  is  closidy 
alhed  to  and  forras  as  it  were  the  S.  African  representative  of  the  Australian  Myopo- 
rineaj,  differing  more  in  habit  than  in  any  positive  character  except  the  reduction  of  the 
ovules  to  one  only  or  two  in  the  whole  ovary,  which  appears  to  be  constant  in  Selaginea?, 
and  only  occuis  in  a  very  few  species  of  Myoporineje.  The  irregularity  of  the  coroUa 
assumes  also  a  soraewhat  dififerent  type  in  the  two  Orders. 

*1.  DISCHISMA,  Chois. 

Calyx  divided  to  the  base  into  2  sepals.  Corolla  with  a  cylindrical 
tube,  the  limb  oblif|uely  declinate  (1-lipped).     Stamens  4. 

*1  D.  capitatum,  Chois.  in  Mem.  Soc.  Gen.  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  7. 
A  ditfuse  small  but  hard  branching-  annual,  more  or  less  hirsute  or 
sprinkled  with  crisped  hairs.  Lower  leaves  opposite,  the  upper  ones 
alternate,  linear  with  a  few  distant  teeth  or  entire,  mostly  about  or  under 
^  in.  long-.  Flowers  small  (blue  ?),  in  terminal  spikes  which  after 
llowering-  become  very  dense,  ovoid  or  oblong-,  and  from  h  to  above  1 
in.  long-,  each  ilower  sessile  within  a  floral  leaf  or  bract,  broad  at  tlie 
base  with  a  linear  herbaceous  point  long-er  than  the  llower,  and  after 
flowering-  the  broad  bases  of  the  bracts  are  closely  imbricated  concealing- 
the  fruit.  Sepals  small  very  thin  and  ciliate  (not  J  line  long-).  Corolfa 
tube  about  1  line  long-,  the  upper  lip  almost  obsolete,  the  lower  as  lon<>- 
as  the  tube,  with  small  lateral  lobes  and  a  larg-er  lower  one.  Fruit 
oblong',  about  1  line  long',  separating-  into  2  narrow  nuts. 

^V.  Australia.  Drvmmond,  2ncl  coll.  n.  150,  Zrd.  coll.  n.  292  ;  apparently  abun- 
dant,  as  numerous  specimeus  were  gathered  each  time,  but  most  likely  introduced  from 
the  Cape  where  the  species  is  not  uncommou. 

Order  xcii.  verbenaceje. 

Flowers  irreg-ular  or  rarely  reg-ular.  Calyx  persistent,  truncate 
toothed  or  lobed.     Corolla  with  4  or  5,  rarely  (5  to  8,  lolies  or  rarely 


83  XCII.    VERBENACE7E. 

truncate,  tlie  loLes  more  or  less  2-lipped  or  nearly  or  quite  equal,  im- 
bricate  in  tlie  bud,  tlie  upper  lip  or  uppermost  lobe  or  sometimes  the 
lateral  ones  outside.  Stamens  inserted  in  tlie  tube  of  the  corolla, 
usuallj  4  in  pairs  or  nearly  equal  and  alternating-  with  its  lower  lobes, 
or  when  the  coroHa  is  reg'idar  4  to  8  alternating-  with  its  lobes. 
Anthers  2-celled,  the  cells  opening-  longitudinally  and  usually  parallel. 
Ovary  not  lobed  or  only  shortly  4-lobed,  usually  more  or  less  perfectly 
divided  into  2  or  4  cells  or  half-cells,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell  or  half-cell, 
either  anatropous  and  erect  from  the  base,  or  more  or  less  amphitropous 
and  attached  hiterally  or  near  the  top  so  as  to  appear  pendulous.  Style 
terminal,  simple,  entire  or  more  frequently  with  2  short  stig'matic  lobes. 
Fruit  dry  or  more  or  less  drupaceous,  tlie  whole  fruit  or  the  endocarp 
separating"  into  2  or  4  nuts  or  pyrenes  or  quite  indehiscent  and  2-  or  4- 
celled,  and  sometimes  with  an  additional  central  cavity  between  the 
carpels  having-  the  appearance  of  a  third  or  fifth  empty  cell.  Seeds 
soHtary  in  each  cell  half-cell  or  pyrene,  erect,  with  or  without 
albumen,  the  testa  usually  membranous.  Embryo  straig-lit,  with  thick 
cotyledons  and  an  inferior  radicle. — Ilerbs  shrubs  trees  or  woody 
cHmbers.  Leaves  opposite  wliorled  or  rarely  alternate,  without  stipules, 
entire  toothed  or  divided.     Inilorescence  various. 

A  large  Order,  ranging  over  botli  tlie  New  and  the  Old  World,  most  abundant  witliin 
tbe  tropics,  but  with  several  extratropical  species,  botli  in  the  northern  and  southeni  he- 
mispheres.  Ofthe  twenty  Austrah'an  genera,  three  are  hirge  American  ones  of  which  a 
very  few  species,  inchiding  those  found  in  AustraHa,  have  become  more  or  less  generally 
ditlused  over  the  Old  World,  hve  are  most  numerously  represented  in  tropical  Asia  and 
Africa,  hut  three  of  them  are  also  American,  and  one  of  these  extends  in  a  single  species 
beyond  tlie  tropics  as  faras  southern  Europe,  one,  ci  nsisting  chiefly  of  maritime  plants, 
is  as  common  in  the  New  as  in  the  Old  World,  and  the  remainingeleven  genera  are  purely 
endemic,  with  the  exception  oi  Faradaya,  ■wbich  is  represeuted  by  a  second  species  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ishinds. 

The  structure  of  the  flovver  in  Verbenaccae  has  been  considerably  ehicidated  in  several 
points  by  tlie  observations  of  H.  Bocquillon  (Revue  du  groupe  des  Verbenacees,  Paris, 
1861-1863),  but  his  arrangemcnt  of  the  genera  appears  to  me  to  be  neither  naturai  nor 
practical,  removing  as  it  dons  for  instance  Clcrodendron  far  from  Premna,  to  phicc  it 
next  to  Friva,  which  again  is  placed  at  some  distance  from  Vcrbena,  and  in  a  totally 
diflferent  group  from  Starhytarpheta.  The  reguharity  or  irreguhirity  of  the  flower  is  in 
some  cases  not  well  niarked,  nor  sufficiently  in  accord  with  other  characters  to  serve 
as  a  basis  for  the  primary  division  of  the  OVder,  and  the  dcgree  in  whichthe  placentary 
niargins  of  the  carpellary  leaves  protrude  into  the  cavity  of  the  ovary,  meeting  oniy  or 
cohering  in  the  centre,  thus  more  or  less  completely  dividing  it  into  cells,  is,  in  this 
Order,  a  diflerence  of  degree  only,  the  placentation  never  having  tiie  truly  parietal  cha- 
racter  of  th.-it  of  Gesneriaceaj.  I  have  therefore  returned  to  the  ohl  division  of  the  Order 
into  the  main  tribes  adopteJ  by  Schauer  in  ihe  Prodromus,  with  some  minor  modifica- 
tions  as  to  a  fewgenera  wliich  had  been  imperfectly  known  or  incorrectly  described. 

Tribe  1.  Verbenese. —  Ovules  asnending  from  the  base  ofthe  cells.  Flowers  in  ra- 
ccmes  or  spikes  sometimes  contracted  into  heads.  solitary  within  each  bract,  without 
bracteoles. 

Ovary  2-celled,  with  1  ovide  in  each  cell.     Spikes  dense,  usually 
contracted  into  heads. 

Fruitadrupe 1.  Lantana. 

Fniit  dry,  separating  iiito  small  nuts 2.  Lippia. 

Ovary  4-celled,  with  oue  ovuie  iu  each  cell.    Spikes  elongated  .     3.  Verbena. 


XCII.    VERBENACEJE.  33 

Tribe  2.  Viticese. —  Ovules  lateralh/  attached  above  the  hase  or  near  the  top. 
Flowers  in  cynies  or  if  solitary  or  in  spikes  usualJy  accompanied  hy  2  bracteoles  he- 
sides  the  suhtending  hract  or  leaf. 

SuBTRiBE  1.  Chloantkese. —  Ovary  not  lobed.  Fruit  small,  dry,  or  rarely  drupa- 
ceoiis.  iSIirnhsor  herhs  vsually  very  cottonij  or  tiioolly,  rarely  nearly  yluhrous,  glulinous 
or  resinous.     Seeds  lohere  known  always  albuminous. 

CoroUa  small,  regular  or  nearly  so.     Stamens  isomerous. 

Style  entire  or  minutely  2-lobed.     Flowers  in  dense  woolly 
spikes. 

Flowers  5-8-merous.    Corolla  truncate  or  very  shortly  lobed     4.  Lachnostachys. 

Flowers  5-merous.     Corolia  distinctly  lobed 6.  Newcastlia. 

Flowers  4-merous.     Corolla  distinctly  lobed 6.  Physopsis. 

Style  rather  shortly  2-lobed.     Flowers  4-merous  in  heads  or 

corymbs 7.  Mallophora. 

Style  deeply  2-lobed.     Flowers  5merous  in  heads  cymes  or 

paiiicles 8.  Dicrastyles. 

Coroila  more  or  less  2-Hpped,  or  unequally  5  lobed.     Stamens  4. 
Leaves  decurrent.     Corolla-tube  elongated.     Anthers  witliout 

appendages 9.  Chloanthes, 

Leaves    not   decurrent.     Corolla-tube   broad.        Anther-cells 

usually  with  smiiil  appendages  at  tlie  lower  end    ....  10.  Pityeodia. 
Calyx-lobes  much  enlarged  spreadiiig  and  veined  after  flower- 

ing 11.  Cyanostegia. 

Corolla  small,  the  tube  narrow,  the  upper  lip  erect.     Leaves 

mucronately  tootbed 12.  Denisonia. 

Corolla  smali,  the  tube  broad.     Fruit  a  succulent  drupe  (dry 

in  tbe  preceding  genera) 13.  Spartothamnus. 

SuBTRiBE  2.  Euviticese. —  Ovary  not  at  all  or  scarcely  lohed.  Fruit  a  drupe. 
Shrubs  or  trees.    Seeds  without  albumen  [or  rarely  in  Vitex  with  a  scanty  alhumen  ?). 

Corolla  small,  usually  4  lobfd,  with  a  short  tube.     Stamens  in- 
cluded  or  not  much  exserted. 

Cymes  axillary.     Styie  dilated  at  tlie  top  or  truncate    .     .     .14.  Callicarpa. 

Cymes  or  panicles  terminal.     Style  2-Iobed 15.  Peemna. 

Coroila  5-Iobed,  with  a  slender  tube.       Stamens  long.     Fruiting 

calyx  enlarged  and  spreading  (except  in  C.  hemiderma)     .     .16.  Clerodendron. 
CoroUa-tube  broad,  limb  4-  or  5-lobed.     Stamens  not  exceeding 

the   upper    lip.      Drupe    with    a  bony     4-celIed    putamen. 

Leaves  simple .■     .  17.  Gmelina. 

Corolla-tube  short,  limb  5-Iobed.  Stamens  often  exserted.  Drupe 

with  2    or    4    distinct    pyrenes.     Leaves    often    digitately 

compound  (sometimes  simple) 18.  Vitex. 

Subtribe.  3.  Oxereae. —  Ovary  distinctly  2-  or  4-lohed. 

Calyx  2cleft.     Tall  climber  with  large  flowers  and  fruits.     Sta- 

mens  exserted 19.  Faradaya. 

Tribe  3.  Avicenniese. — Fruit  a  1-valved  capsule.  Seed  solitary,  without  integu- 
ments  ;  emhryo  ivith  large  folded  cotyledons. 

Single  genus 20.  Avicennia. 

Tribe  1.  Verbene^. — Ovules  ascending-  from  the  base  of  the  cells, 
Flowers  in  racemes  or  spikes,  sometimes  contracted  into  heads,  solitary 
within  each  bract,  without  bracteoles. 


VOL.  V. 


34  XCII.    VERIiKNACEiE.  [Ldittaiia. 


1.  LANTANA.    Linn. 

Calyx  small  and  tliin,  truncate  or  sinuately  toothed.  Corollu-tube 
slender ;  the  limb  spreading-,  4-  or  5-lobed,  nearly  reg-ular  or  shghtly 
2-lipped.  Stamens  4,  inchided  in  the  tube.  Ovary  2-celled,  witli  one 
ovuie  in  each  cell  erect  from  the  base.  Fruit  a  inore  or  less  succulent 
drupe,  the  putamen  2-celled  or  dividing-  into  two  1-celled  pyrenes. — 
Shrubs  or  rarely  herbs.  Leaves  opposite.  Flowers  in  pedunculate 
axillary  heads,  rarely  leno-thening-  into  sj^ikes,  each  one  sessile  or  nearly 
so  within  a  sniall  bract  without  bracteoles. 

A  considerable  geuus,  chiefly  from  tropical  or  sublropical  America,  witli  two  or  Ihree 
Asiatic  or  Africaii  species,  wliich  however  may  also  have  been  _ot'  American  origin. 
The  ovary  in  this  and  Ihe  foliowiiig  geiius,  as  shown  by  Bocquillon,  altliough  con- 
taining  oiily  2  cells  coriesponding  to  the  half-cells  of  olher  genera,  is  yet  bicarpellary, 
one  halt  oiily  of  caeh  carpel  being  developed. 

1.  L.  Camara,  Linn. ;  Schau.  iii  DC.  Prod.  xi.  598.  A  tall  slirub 
with  long-  weak  branches,  often  armed  with  short  recurved  prickles, 
and  more  or  less  hairy.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  slig-litly  cordate, 
crenate,  2  to  3  in.  long-,  wrinkled  and  very  roug-h  with  short  stilf  hairs. 
Flowers  yellow  or  orang-e,  turning'  to  a  deep  red ;  the  heads  not 
leng-thening-  into  spikes.  Bracts  linear-lanceolate,  shorter  than  the 
corolla.  Corolla-tube  3  to  4  lines  long-,  lobes  of  the  limb  short  and 
broad. 

A  common  species  in  tropical  America,  frequently  cultivated  for  ornameht,  and, 
escaping  trom  gardeiis,  now  naturalised  on  the  Hastings  and  Clarence  rivers,  Beckler, 
and  probably  in  other  parts  oF  N.  S.  TVales  and  Queensland.  As  ah'eady  observed 
in  my  "  Flora  Hongkongensis,"  the  species  should  probably  incliide  as  varieties  several 
of  those  described  by  Schauer,  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  597  aiid  598,  as  distinct. 

2.  LIPPIA.  Linn. 
(Zapania,  iScojj.) 
Calyx  inembranou-s,  either  llattened  with  2  keels  or  wing-s  and 
2-lobed,  each  lobe  either  entire  or  2-toothed,  or  the  whole  calyx  more 
equally  tubular  or  g-lobular  and  2-  or  4-toothed.  Corolla-tube  cylin- 
drical  or  dihited  upwards,  tlie  limb  more  or  less  distinctly  2-lipped,  the 
upper  lip  entire  or  2-lobed,  the  lower  3-lobed,  all  the  lobes  iiat  and 
spreading-.  Stamens  4,  included  in  the  tube  or  scarcely  protruding-. 
Ovary  2-celled,  with  1  Ovule  in  each  cell  erect  from  the  base.  Fruit 
not  succulent,  separating-  more  or  less  readily  into  two  indehiscent 
nuts. — Herbs  or  shrubs  often  glandular  and  aromatic  or  strong--scented, 
Leaves  opposite  or  whorled,  undivided.  Flowers  small,  in  simple 
spikes  or  heads,  each  one  sessile  in  the  axil  of  a  single  bract,  without 
bractecles,  the  bracts  often  closely  imbricate. 

A  considerable  American  genus,  a  few  species  of  which,  including  the  two  Australian 
ones,  aie  also  more  or  less  widely  spread  over  the  warnier  regions  of  the  Old  ^\'orld. 
Bocquilloirs  character  of  thc  genus  (Kevue,  p.  147),  taken  probably  from  the  examina- 
lion  of  a  single  species,  will  not  apply  to  a  large  portion  of  the  gcnus,  inchuling  the 
commonest  species  of  all,  L.  nodijhra. 


Lippia.]  XCII.    VERBENACE^.  35 

Prostrate   or    creeping    perennial.       Leaves    obovate  or  cuneate. 

Peduncles  in  one  axil  of  each  pair.     Calyx  flat 1.  L.  nodiflora. 

Shrub  witli  straggling  branches.     Leaves  ovate.     PeJuncles  oppo- 

site.     Calyx  globuhir 2.  L.  geminata. 

1.  Ij.  nodiflora,  L'ich. ;  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  585.  A  prostrate 
or  creepino-  perenuial,  witli  sliortly  ascending-  llowering-  branches,  hoary 
with  closely  appressed  hairs  or  nearly  g-hibrous.  Leaves  from  obovate 
to  linear-cuneate,  coarsely  toothed  at  the  npex,  |  to  1  in.  long-,  nar- 
rowed  into  a  petiole.  Peduncles  axillary  but  only  one  to  each  pair  of 
leaves  and  niuch  longer  than  them,  each  one  bearing-  a  spike  at  first 
short  and  ovoid,  and  sometimes  very  small,  at  leng-th  cylindrical,  and 
when  luxuriant  attaining-  |  to  |  in.  or  even  more.  Bracts  closely  im- 
bricate,  broadly  spathulate,  more  or  less  fring-ed  or  toothed  at  the  end, 
nearly  IJ  Hnes  long".  Calyx  shorter  than  tlie  bract,  membranous,  flat, 
divided  in  front  nearly  to  the  base,  at  the  back  to  about  the  middle, 
into  two  keeled  lobes,  entire  or  2-toothed  at  the  apex.  Corolhi-tube 
scarcely  exceeding-  the  calyx,  the  lower  lip  twice  as  long-  as  the  upper 
one  and  about  half  as  long-  as  the  tube.  Fruit  not  one  line  long-, 
readily  separating-  into  two  nuts,  with  one  half  of  the  calyx  adhering'  to 
each. — Zapania  uodi/fora,  Lam. ;   R.  Br.  Prod.  514. 

N.  Australia.      Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller. 

Queensland.  Shoalwater  Bay  and  Broad  Sound,  H.  Brown ;  Port  Denison, 
Fitzalan;  Fitzroy  river,  Tliozet ;  Bowen  river,  Bowman  ;  Moreton  isiand,  M'Gillivray. 

TV.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

The  species  is  very  common  in  waste  lands  on  banks  and  in  sandy  places,  &c.,  all 
over  the  warnier  parts  of  tiie  world.  It  is  very  variable  in  the  breadth  of  the  leaves, 
the  size  of  the  spilies  and  flovvers,  the  points  and  teeth  of  the  bracts,  &c. 

2.  If.  geminata,  Kiinth  ,•  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  682.  A  strong-ly 
scented  shrub,  with  long'  strag-gling-  branches,  more  or  less  hirsute,  the 
young-  shoots  often  hoary.  Leaves  opposite  or  rarely  in  whorls  of 
three,  from  broadly  ovate  to  ovate-oblong',  obtuse,  crenate,  veryrug-ose, 
f  to  i|  in.  long-  when  broad,  long'er  when  narrow.  Peduncles  much 
shorter  than  the  leaves,  and  mostly  in  both  axils,  each  one  bearing-  a 
small  head  of  pink  flowers  becoming-  ovoid  as  the  flowering-  advances. 
Bracts  very  broad,  herbaceous,  hisj)id,  1  to  1|  hnes  long-.  Calyx 
shorter  than  the  bract,  membranous,  nearly  g-lobular,  neither  flattened 
nor  ribbed,  2-lobed,  the  lobes  broad  and  obscurely  2-toothed.  Corolla- 
tube  1|  lines  long-,  dilated  upwards,  the  lobes  short  broad  and  nearly 
equal.     Fruit  separating-  into  two  nuts. 

Queensland.  About  Rockhampton,  Dallachy  and  others.  Probably  introduced 
from  South  America,  where  it  is  ©ften  common,  ranging  from  Buenos  Ayres  to  Mexico. 

3.  VERBENA.    Linn. 

Calyx  5-toothed.  Corolla  with  a  distinct  tube,  the  limb  spreading-, 
rather  unequally  5-lobed.  Stamens  4  or  rarely  2,  included  in  the 
tube.  Ovary  4-celled,  with  one  ovule  in  each  cell  erect  from  the  base. 
Fruit  not  succulent,  enclosed  in  the  calyx,  separating-  more  or  less 
readilv   into  4    1-seeded   nuts. — Herbs    or   rarely   shrubs.      Leaves 

d2 


36  xcii.  VERBENACE^.  [Verbcna. 

opposite,  entire  or  divided.  Flowers  small,  alternate,  in  simple  or 
branched  spikes,  each  one  in  the  axil  of  a  small  bract  without 
bracteoles. 

The  genns  comprises  a  large  number  of  American  species,  with  onlj  two  natives  of 
the  warmer  regions  of  the  Old  World,  including  one  of  the  Australian  ones ;  the  other 
species  here  euumerated  is  an  introduced  one  fi-om  America. 
Leaves  mostly  deeply  lobed  or  divided.     Spikes  long  and  slender, 

with  distant  flowers ■     ^-   V.  officinalls. 

Leaves   narrow,    toothed.      Spikes   rather   close,    in   a  terminal 

cluster  or  panicle 2.    F.  honariensis. 

1.  V.  officinalis,  Linn. ;  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  547.  An  erect 
perennial,  1  to  '2  ft.  liig-h,  -with  long-  spreading-  wiry  branches,  some- 
times  nearly  g'labrous,  usually  with  closely  appressed  hairs,  sometimes 
more  coarsely  hirsute,  or  the  inHoreseence  roug-h  with  glanduhir  hairs. 
Lower  leaves  petiolate,  obovate  or  oblong-,  coarsely  toothed  or  cut ; 
upper  ones  either  deeply  pinnatifid  and  lobed  or  toothed,  or  the  upper- 
most  small  and  hinceohite.  Flowers  usuall}'  very  small,  in  slender 
spikes  lengthening-  often  to  8  or  10  in.,  the  lower  ones  becoming- 
distant  as  the  spike  leng-thens,  the  Avhole  corolla  sometimes  not  2  lines 
long-,  but  in  the  larg-er-llowered  forms  the  tube  about  l^  lines,  and  the 
ower  lip  about  as  long. — R.  Br.  Prod.  514. 

Queensland.  Broad  Sound  and  Shoalwater  Bay,  E.  Broicn;  Eockingham  Bay, 
JJallachy;  Suttor  river,  Bowman  ;  Arm.&A.\\\a.,  Barton. 

N.  S.  TVales.  I'crt  .Tackson,  i?.  Brown;  Blue  mountains,  Miss  Atkinson;  Cla- 
rence  river,  ijecA:?er  ;  Eichmoud  river,  Faiocett;  Dailing  river,  Victorian  and  otJter 
Expeditions. 

Victoria.  Port  Phillip,  F.  Mueller;  Melbourne,  Boherlson ;  Portland,  Allitt ; 
Skipton,  II7(aH. 

S.  Australia.      Near  Adelaide,  Blandorrsli ;  towards  Spencer's  Gulf,  Warburton. 

Thc  .'•pecics  is  common  in  a  great  part  of  Europe  and  temperate  Asia,  in  waste  places 
on  roadsides,  &c. ;  more  rare  and  pcrhaps  introduced  into  North  America,  South  Africa, 
and  within  the  tropics.  It  may  also  be  introduced  only  into  some  of  the  Australian 
Btations. 

Var.  macrostachya.  Flowers  rather  larger,  and  the  spikes  very  glandular,  hirsute. — 
V.  macrostachya,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  i.  60. — Peak  Dowus,  F.  Mueller ;  Kockhamptoii, 
Bowman. 

*2.  V.  bonariensis,  Linn. ;  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  541.  An 
erect  coarse  rigid  herb  of  2  to  4  ft.,  the  stems  scarcely  branched, 
acutely  4-ang'led  and  rouglily  hispid  especially  on  the  ang-les.  Leaves 
sessile,  lanceolate  or  the  lower  ones  ovate-hmceohite,  1 J  to  nearly  ^  in. 
long-,  coarsely  toothed,  hirsute,  the  upper  ones  distant  small  and 
narrow.  Flowers  in  rather  close  spikes  of  h  to  |  in.,  which  are  usuallv 
clustered  at  the  end  of  the  branches  of  a  rigud  corymbose  trichotomous 
panicle,  and  g-enerally  assume  a  bhieisli  jiurjile  hue.  Bracts  acute, 
ciliate,  hirsute,  1  to  l^  Hnes  long-.  Calyx  shorter  than  the  bract. 
CoroUa-tube  shortly  exceeding-  the  calyx,  the  lobes  broad  and 
spreading'. 

Queensland.     Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Eay,  F.  JUucUir. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Near  Sydney,  F.  Mueller ;  New  England,  C.  Stxmrt ;  Hastings 
river,  Becklcr. 


Vfrhr/ltl.]  XCII.    VEHBENACE^.  37 

The  species  is  comnion  iii  waste  places  and  pastures  in  extratropical  South  America, 
and  has  spread  as  a  wccd  of  cultivation  over  South  Africa,  thc  Mauritius,  and  some  other 
countries,  and  is  evidently  introduced  only  into  Austi-alia. 

Tribe  2.  ViTiCE^. — Ovules  amphitropous,  laterally  attached.  above 
the  base  or  sometimes  so  near  the  top  as  to  appear  pendulous,  but  the 
micropyle  ahvays  inferior,  the  funicle  either  very  short  or  more  or  less 
leng'thened  and  then  arising-  from  the  base  of  the  phicenta.  Flowers  in 
axillary  or  terminal  cymes  or  heads,  or,  if  solitary,  on  axilhiry  or 
spicate  pedicels,  usually  accompanied  by  two  bracteoles  besides  the 
subtending'  bract. 

In  niany  of  the  genera  of  this  tribe  the  ovary  is  not  perfectly  divided  into  cells,  the 
incurved  ovuhTerous  margins  of  the  carpellary  leaves  not  meeting  in  the  centre  at  the 
time  of  flowering,  and  the  ovary  has  in  these  cases  been  described  by  Bocquillon  as  one- 
celled  with  parietal  placentas.  The  ovules  are,  however,  never  placed  on  the  inner  face 
of  the  expanded  phacentas  as  in  Gesneriacefe  and  other  Orders  with  a  normally  parietal 
placentation,  and  usually,  after  flowering,  the  phxcentas  meet  in  the  centre  and  unite, 
or  the  endocarp  grows  and  hardens  so  as  completely  to  enclose  each  seed,  forming  a 
fruit  perfectly  divided  iiito  cells,  or  only  leaving  a  small  central  cavity,  described  by 
earlier  authors  as  a  third  or  a  fifth  empty  cell. 

SuBTRiBE  1.  Chloanthe^. — Ovary  notlobed.  Fruit  small,  dry,  the 
mesocarp  not  succulent,  the  endocarp  thin  or  hard,  4-celled  or  more 
frequently  separating-  into  two  2-celled  or  foiu-  1-celled  nuts,  sometimes 
reduced  by  abortion  to  a  single  1-seeded  nut.  Shrubs  undershrubs  or 
rarely  herbs,  usually  very  cottony  or  woolly,  with  branclied  hairs, 
rarely  more  glabrous  and  glutinous  or  resinous.  Flowers  often  solitary 
within  each  bract  or  floral  leaf,  but  sometimes  in  cymes  as  in 
EuviticetTe. 

The  ripe  seeds  have  been  observed  in  a  few  species  only,  and  these  have  shown 
a  rather  copious  alburaen.  This  character  may  not,  however,  be  constant  in  the  sub- 
tribe.  The  ten  foUowing  genera — perhaps  all  that  strictly  belong  to  the  subtribe — are 
all  endemic  in  Australia. 

4.  LACHNOSTACHYS,  Hook. 
(Walcottia,  F.  MueU.     Pycnolachne,  Turcz.) 

Calvx  broadly  campanuh^te,  5-  to  8-lobed,  valvate  in  the  bud, 
densely  woolly  outside,  ghibrous  inside.  Corolla  shorter  than  the 
calyx,  broadly  campanulate,  truncate  or  very  shortly  and  equally  5-  to 
8-lobed.  Stamens  5  to  8,  exserted,  opposite  to  the  calyx-lobes,  in- 
serted  on  the  margin  of  the  corolla  or  between  its  lobes ;  anthers 
without  appendag-es.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell  hiterally 
attached  below  the  top.  Style  slender,  entire  or  minutely  2-lobed. 
Fruit  enclosed  in  the  calyx,  hard,  usually  1-celled  and  1-seeded  by 
abortion. — Erect  shrubs  clothed  with  a  deuse  cotton  or  wool  consisting- 
of  intricate  branched  hairs.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  undivided. 
Flowers  opposite  and  sessile  in  dense  terminal  woolly  spikes.  Bracts 
often  imbricate  in  4  rows  in  the  young  spikes,  but  very  deciduous  ; 
bracteoles  minute  or  none. 

The  genus  is  endemic  in  W.  Australia.  In  the  two  species  first  published  the  disse- 
pimeut  of  the  ovary  is  very  thin,  and  readily  breaks  oif  from  the  walls  of  the  cavity,  and 


38  xcii.  VF.nBENACEiE.  [Laclmostachijs. 

as  only  one  ovule  enlarges,  the  whole  on  a  hasty  examinalion  has  the  appearance 
ofa  l-'celled  uniovulate  ovary ;  this  with  the  short  menihranous  conilla  with  niarginal 
stamens,  siiggested  the  idt-aofa  staniinal  cnp,  and  iiiduced  tho  referring  the  phint  to 
Amarantaccfe,  a  -s-iew  which  Mnf|uin  adopted  witliout  re-exaniining  the  ovary.  A  more 
carefid  scruliny  shows  however  an  ovary  characteristic  of  a  considerahle  group  of 
Verhenacese,  and  scarcely  to  he  found  in  any  dther  Order ;  and  this  affinity  is  fully  con- 
firmed  by  the  since  descrihed  Lachnostachys  Walcottii,  which  has  the  corolla-lobes 
shortly  developed  betwcen  the  stamens.  The  habit  and  peciiliar  rudimentum  are  en- 
tirely  those  of  Newcastlia,  which  has  also  regular  flowers  with  isomemus  stamens,  and 
of  which  one  species,  N.  spodijfricha,  only  differs  from  Lachnostachijs  in  the  greater 
development  of  the  corolla-lobes,  and  in  the  parts  of  the  flowers  being  in  fives  only, 
whilst  in  one  specii  s  o^  Lachnostachi/s  they  are  in  sixes  or  rarely  in  fives,  and  in  the 
three  otliers  in  eights  or  rarely  iii  sevens.  F.  Mueller  has,  however,  placed  Lachno- 
stachys  in  Buetineriacefe,  from  which  it  appears  to  me  to  differ  essentially  in  the  position 
of  the  stamens,  opposite  to  not  alternating  with  the  calyx-lobes,  and  in  the  structure  of 
the  ovary,  imlependently  of  the  habit,  the  pistil,  and  the  supposition  that  the  cup  sup- 
porting  the  stamens  is  a  corolla  and  not  the  united  base  of  the  filaments  only. 

Spikes  simple.     Flowers  6merous,  rarely  5-merous 1.  L.  alhicans. 

Spikes  paniculate.     Flowers  8-merous,  rarely  7-merous. 

Leaves  ovate  or  ohlong  with  revolute  margins,   1  to  3  in.  long. 

Wool  very  long  and  dense 2.  L.verhascifolia. 

Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  uearly  flat,  f  to  1  in.  long.     Tomentum 

thick  but  close  and  short 3.   L.  ferruginea. 

Leaves  oblong-linear,  with  revolute  margins.  Panicle  much 
hranched.  Tomcntum  close  and  short.  Corolla  distinctly 
lobed 4.  Z.  Walcottii. 

1.  L.  albicans,  Ilooh.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  414. — A  slimlj  of  several  ft.,  with 
ratber  tliick  erect  branclies,  lioary  or  white  as  well  as  the  foliag-e  witli 
a  close  but  deuse  cottony  wool.  Leaves  oblong--lauceohite,  obtuse  or 
almost  acute,  erect,  decussate,  thick,  the  margins  often  narrowly 
recurved  and  slightly  rugose-crenulate,  f  to  \\  in.  long-.  Spikes 
terminal,  simple,  the  ilowers  concealed  in  a  dense  silky-woolly  mass, 
1  to  2  in.  long,  and  ^  to  |  in.  diameter.  Calyx  about  l^  lines  long 
and  opening-  to  2  lines  diameter,  divided  to  about  i  into  5  or  more, 
frequently  6,  broad  triang-ular  lobes,  the  external  wool  at  least  twice  as 
lono-  as  the  whole  calyx.  Corolla  ratlier  shorter  than  the  calyx, 
g'labrous  outside,  hirsute  inside  with  long-  hairs,  truncate,  the  filaments 
tpiite  marginal,  without  lobes  between  them,  and  only  to  be  traced 
down  the  tube  by  a  darker  vein.  Ovary  densely  villous.  Young-  fruit 
shorter  than  the  cah^x,  thick  and  hard,  with  only  one  ovule  enlarged, 
but  not  seen  ripe. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  2U8 ;  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
i.  G:il. 

W.  Australia,   Drummond,  »i.  13,  434;  Wellington  district,  Preiss,  n.  1377. 

2.  L.  verbascifolia,  F.  Mtuil.  Fraf/iu.  vi.  158.  A  tall  stout  shrub, 
ver}'  densely  cluthed  in  every  part  with  long  silky-woolly  hairs,  more 
or  less  ferruginous.  Leaves  crowded,  decussate,  ovate  or  oblong', 
obtuse,  very  thick  and  soft,  with  revolute  margins,  1  to  3  in.  long-. 
Spikes  apparently  few,  in  a  short  dense  terminal  panicle,  but  the  in- 
Horescence  imj^erfect  in  our  specimens.  Calyx  H  to  nearly  2  lines 
long-,  divided  like  that  of  L.  ferruciinra  into  ^'^tinel}'  pointed  lobes,  but 
the  external  wool  long-er  and  more  silky.  Corolla  sliort,  the  filaments 
quite  marg-inal,  without  intervening'  lobes.     Ovai-y  ccrtainly  2-celled, 


Lachlio.^^ttichijs.]  XCII.    VKRBENACE.15.  39 

with  2  ovules  in  each  cell,  but  as  in  L.  ferrugima  and  L.  albicans,  only 

1  ovule  enhirg-es. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  5th  coll.  n.  237. 

I  liave  iiot  succeeiled  in  timling  ripe  seeds  iu  our  specimens,  but  F.  Mueller  lias 
observed  tliem  to  be  albuminous  with  ;i  straight  embryo  as  in  the  allied  gencra. 

3.  L.  ferruginea,  Hook.  le.  Pl.  t.  415.  A  tall  shrub,  covered 
with  a  soft  deuse  cottony-wool,  thicker  than  in  L.  Walcottii,  almost 
floccose,  and  ofamore  rusty  colour.  Leaves  oblong- 'ovate  or  almost 
orbicuhir,  obtuse,  soft  and  very  thick,  the  marg-ins  thickened  under- 
neath  but  scarcely  recurved,  |  to  1  in.  long-.     Spikes  rather  dense,  1  to 

2  in.  long-,  and  h  to  f  in.  diameter,  several  in  a  terminal  spreading- 
panicle.  Bracts  (o"i-  Horal  leaves)  orbicular,  thick  and  brown,  imbricate 
in  4  rows  in  the  young-  spike,  but  soon  falling-  off,  leaving-  each  llower 
a  g-lobuhir  woolly  mass  of  2  to  3  hnes  diameter.  Calyx  nearly  2  lines 
long-,  divided  to  below  the  middle  into  8  or  sometimes  7  narrow 
fineiy  pointed  lobes.  Corolla  rather  shorter  than  the  calyx,  glabrous 
outside,  bearded  with  long-  hairs  inside,  but  not  so  densely  so  as  in 
L.  albicans.  Stamens  quite  marg-inal,  without  lobes  between  them. 
Young-  fruit  as  in  L.  albica/is,  but  not  seen  ripe. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiii.  ii.  298. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  14,  202,  438. 

4.  Ii.  Walcottii,  F.  Muell.  Fracfm.  ii.  140.  A  tall  shrub,  covered 
with  a  close  but  soft  cottony-wool  sometimes  ahnost  floccose.  Leaves 
oblong-hnear,  obtuse,  thick,  with  closely  revolute  margins,  f  to  \\  in. 
long-.  Spikes  not  very  dense  but  many-flowered,  1  to  2  in.  long-, 
numerous  in  dense  corymbose  or  pyramidal  panicles  of  several  inches 
diameter,  each  flower  a  woolly  ball  of  about  2  Hnes  diameter,  showing- 
in  the  centre  a  small  giabrous  corolla  only  when  fully  expanded. 
Calyx  about  \\  lines  diaineter  when  spread  open,  divided  to  the  middle 
into  8  acute  lobes.  CoroUa  rather  shorter  than  the  calyx,  with  8  very 
short  rounded  reticuhite  lobes.  Stamens  inserted  in  the  notches  and 
prominently  decurrent  in  the  tube  to  the  base  of  the  corolla,  where  there 
are  a  few  hairs  inside.  Ovary  g-hibrous  or  minutely  pubescent.  Fruit 
already  somewhat  enhirged,  apparently  ripening-  2  or  3  seeds  and 
divided  into  as  many  cells  by  spurious  dissepiments,  but  not  seen  ripe. 
— Walcottia  eriobotrya,  F.  MuelL  Frag-m.  i.  241  ;  PycnolacMc  ledifolia, 
Turcz.  in  BuD.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Mosc.  1863,  ii.  215. 

W.  Australia.  Murchison  river,  Walcott  and  Oldfield,  Drummond,  Qth  coll.  n. 
219,  220. 

5.  NEWCASTLIA,  F.  Muell. 

Calyx  campanulate,  5-lobed,  valvate  in  the  bud.  Corolla-tube  cam- 
panulate,  the  limb  of  5  nearly  ec|ual  lobes.  Stamens  6 ;  anthers 
without  appendag-es.  Ovary  small,  completely  2-celled  with  2  ovules 
in  each  cell  hiterally  attached  above  the  middle.  Style  slender,  entire, 
or  minutely  2-lobed.  Fruit  not  exceeding-  the  calyx,  not  succulent, 
apparently  separating-  into  4  nuts. — Densely  woolly  or  cottony  shrubs. 


40  xcii.  VERBEXACEJE.  [NeTvcastUa. 

Leaves  opposite,  undivided.      Flowers  opposite  and  sessile,  in  dense 
terminal  woolly  spikes.     Bracts  and  bracteoles  small  and  deciduous. 

The  genus  is  endemic  in  Australia,  and  closely  allied  to  Physopsis  and  Mallophora, 
differing  fioni  them  chiefly  in  the  5-mcious  flowers. 
AVool    loose.      CoroUa-lobes  short.      Stamens   shorter   than  the 

corolla l.  N.  cladotricha. 

Tomentum   close.     Corolla-lobes   ending    in  a  fine   point.      Sta- 

mens  exserted 2.  N.  spodiotrkha. 

1.  N.  cladotricha,  F.  Mudl.  in  Hooli.  Kew  Journ.  ix.  22,  Fraf/m.  i. 
184,  t.  i.  a)>d  iii.  21.  An  erect  shrub,  attainino-  2  to  3  ft.,  densely 
clothed  with  white  or  rust-coloured  woollv  branching-  hairs,  and 
strongly  scented.  Leaves  sessile,  narrow-oblong-  to  ovate-lanceolate, 
obtuse,'rounded  at  the  base,  the  marg-ins  slightly  recurved,  f  to  above 
1  in.  long-,  thick,  very  rug-ose,  reticulate  underneath,  loosely  hirsute 
or  tomentose  on  both  sides  with  branched  hairs.  Flowering'  spikes  at 
first  short  and  dense  but  leng-thening-  sometimes  to  2  in.  and  inter- 
rupted.  Bracts  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  imbricate  in  the  very  young 
spike,  but  falHng-  ofFearly.  Calyx  aboutl|  lines  long-,  very  woolly,  the 
lobes  rather  sliorter  than  the  tube.  Corolla  glabrous  outside,  tlie  tube 
broad,  about  as  long'  as  the  calyx,  lobes  sliort  and  spreading-.  Stamens 
about  as  long-  as  the  tube,  inserted  above  a  woolly  ring-  near  the  base. 
Ovary  g-labrous.  Ovules  attached  near  the  top,  but  the  seed  enlarges 
upwards  so  as  to  be  attached  near  the  base.  The  fruit  not  seen  how- 
ever  quite  ripe. 

N.  Australia.     Sturfs  Creek,  near  Mount  ]\Iueller,  F.  Mveller. 

2.  N.  spodiotricha,  F.  Madl.  Fraf/m.  iii.  21,  t.  21.  A  shrub  or 
undershrub,  clothed  with  a  rather  shorter  and  closer  tomentum  than 
that  of  N.  cladotricha.  Leaves  very  shortly  petiolate,  ovate-oblong-, 
obtuse,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  rug-ose  above,  reticuhite  underneath,  tomentose 
on  both  sides.  Flowers  in  terminal  cottony  spikes,  with  1  or  2  pairs  of 
lateral  ones  at  the  base,  forming-  a  pyramidal  panicle.  Bracts  not  seen. 
Calyx  nearl}'  sessile,  about  2  lines  long-,  the  lobes  much  shorter  than 
the  tube.  Corona-tube  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  very  hairy  inside  near  tlie 
top,  tlie  lobes  narrow,  ending-  in  a  point  nearly  as  long-  as  the  tube,  and 
long-er  than  the  lobes  themselves.  Stamens  inserted  at  the  top  of  the 
corolla-tube  between  the  lobes,  and  longer  than  them,  the  upper 
anthers  sometimes  abortive.  Ovary  glabrous,  the  ovules  attached  at  or 
near  the  top. 

N.  Australia.     Between  lat.  17°  30'  and  18°  30',  M'Douall  Stuart. 

6.  PHYSOPSIS,  Turczan. 

Calyx  tubular,  4-toothed.  Corolla-tube  short,  cylindrical,  the  limb 
of  4  nearly  equal  sjireading-  lobes.  Stamens  4,  inchided  in  the  tube  ; 
anthers  without  aj)])endag-es.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell, 
kterally  attached  above  the  middle,  but  tisually  only  1  ovuh'  perfect. 
Stjle  slender,  very  shortly  2-lobed.     Fruit  dry,  enclosed  in  the  calyx, 


PhysapsiS.]  XCII.    VERBENACEiE.  41 

often  reduced  to  a  sing-le  cell  and  seed. — Woolly  shrub.  Leaves 
scattered,  undivided.  Flowers  small,  o{)])osite  and  scssile,  in  a  dense 
woolly  spike,  each  one  within  a  small  bract. 

The  genus  consists  of  a  single  spccies  endemic  iu  Australia,  differing  from  Mallo- 
phora  chiefly  in  inflorescence. 

1.  P.  spicata,  Titrcz.  in  Bull.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Mo.sc.  1849,  ii.  35.  An 
erect  shrub,  with  rather  stout  woolly-tomentose  virg-ate  branches. 
Leaves  scattered  or  irreg-uhirly  opposite,  sessile,  oblong-,  obtuse,  with 
recurved  margins,  narrowed  at  the  base,  rarely  exceeding-  ^  in.,  g-labrous 
or  shg-htly  scabrous  and  nerveless  on  the  upper  side,  cottony-white 
uuderneatli.  Spikes  dense,  either  sohtary  or  clustered  at  the  ends  of 
tlie  branches,  usually  1  to  1|  in.  long-,  each  tiower  sessile  within  a 
linear  bract,  which  is  gdabrous  inside,  woolly  outside,  and  very 
deciduous.  Calyx  enveloped  in  cottony-wool  forming-  an  ovoid  mass 
about  3  lines  long-,  the  calyx  itself,  when  stripped  of  its  wool  nearly 
tubular  and  very  shortly  4-toothed.  Corolla-tube  scarcely  exceeding- 
the  calyx,  slig-htly  thickened  inside  at  the  throat,  the  lobes  broad  and 
obtuse.  Stamens  inserted  above  the  middle  of  the  tube,  the  filaments 
very  short.  Ovary  g-labrous,  inserted  on  a  disk,  in  the  very  young-  bud 
completely  2-celled  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell,  but  at  the  time  of 
flowering-  usually  very  oblique  with  only  one  perfect  ovule. 
MV.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  234. 

7.  MALLOPHORA,  Endl. 

(Lachuocephalus,   Turcz.) 

Calyx  deeply  divided  into  4  lobes.  Corolla-tube  short,  cylindrical, 
the  limb  of  4  equal  spreading"  lobes.  Stamens  4,  shortly  exserted; 
anthers  without  appendag-es.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each 
cell  hiterally  attached  above  the  middle.  Style  filiform  with  2 
linear  lobes.  Fruit  dry,  4-celled,  with  1  seed  in  each  celL — Cottony  or 
woolly  undershrub.  Leaves  opposite  or  scattered,  undivided.  Flowers 
small,  sessile,  in  dense  cottony-wooll}^  heads  which  are  either  soHtary 
or  corymbose  at  the  ends  of  the  branches. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  a  single  species  endemic  in  Australia,  closely  allied  to  tlie 
two  preceding  geuera,  but  with  a  more  divided  style  and  the  inflorescence  nearer  to 
that  of  Dicrastyles. 

1.  M.  globiflora,  Endl.  Noik  Stirp.  Dcc.  64.  Stems  from  a  woody 
base  rather  slender,  apparently  ascending-  or  erect,  branching-,  1  to 
li  ft.  hig-h,  covered  as  well  as  the  fohag-e  with  a  close  white  intricate 
tomentum.  Leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  linear  or  oblong-,  obtuse,  \  to 
nearly  ^  in.  long',  narrowed  at  the  base,  rather  thick,  flat,  cottony- 
white  on  both  sides  or  becoming-  at  leng-th  nearly  gdabrous  above  aud 
then  rug-ose.  Flower-heads  dense,  either  sohtary  or  more  frequently 
several  in  terminal  corymbs,  each  flower  sessile  within  a  woolly  bract, 
the  outer  bracts  of  each  head  rather  h^rg-er  than  the  others,  but  none  ot 
them  exceeding"  the  calyx.     Calyx  enveloped  in  a  long-  dense  woo' 


41?  xcii.  VERBENACE^.  [3I(illophora. 

torming-  <>-l(jbiilar  masses  of  2  to  8  lines  diameter,  Avitliin  tlie  wool  the 
calvx  is  deeply  divided  into  linear  membranous  lobes.  Corolla-tube 
scarcely  so  long-  as  tlie  calyx,  the  lobes  sniall,  obtuse,  woolly  outside. 
Stamens  inserted  within  the  tube.  Ovary  cotton}',  the  4  ovules  usually 
perfect.  Style-lobes  linear,  but  much  shorter  than  in  Bicrastijles. 
Fruit,  according-  to  Endlicher,  tomentose  and  4-celled. — Lachmcephulus 
lepidotus,  Turcz.  in  Bull.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Mosc.  1849,  ii.  36. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  72,  555,  and  4th  coll.  n.  235. 

Bocqiiillon  (Rev.  Verb.  p.  138)  places  Lachnocephalus  {3Iallo])hora)  in  his  section 
witli  irrej^ular  flowers,  biit  tliecorolla  appears  to  me  to  be  as  nearly  regular  as  in  Dicra- 
styles  and  otiicr  so-called  regular-fluwercd  Vcrbenaceaj. 

8.  DICRASTYLES,  Drumm. 

Calyx  more  or  less  deeply  divided  into  5  lobes.  Corolla-tube  short, 
the  limb  of  5  nearly  equal  short  lobes.  Stamens  6,  exsertedj  anthers 
witliout  appendages.  Ovary  'J-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell, 
laterally  attached  at  or  above  the  middle.  Style  deeply  divided  into  2 
slender  branches  or  lobes.  Fruit  small,  dry,  4-celled,  with  1  seed  in 
each  cell. — Cottony  or  Avoolly  undershrubs  or  small  shrubs.  Leaves 
opposite  or  scattered,  imdivided.  Flowers  small,  in  cymes  collected 
into  coryml)ose  panicles,  more  rarely  contracted  into  dense  solitary  or 
corpnbose  heads.     Bracts  and  bractooles  very  deciduous. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia.  It  is  nearly  relatcd  to  MaJlophora,  but  the  inflo- 
rescence  is  usually  looser,  the  flowers  pcntamerous,  and  the  style  much  more  deeply 
divided. 

Leaves    petiolatc,    lanceolate,  very  rugose    but  flat,   IJ   to   3   in. 

Cymes  in  a  pyramidal  panicle        1.  D.  ochrotricha. 

Leaves  ncarly   sessile,    obloiig,  rugnse  but  flat,  ^  to  1  in.     Cymes 

in  loose  corymbose  panicles 2.  D.fulva. 

Leaves  scssile,   oblong,  rugose.  witli   revolute  margins,  under  1  in. 

Cynies  very  dense,  in  corynibo-e  panicles         3.  D.  reticidata. 

Leavcs    linear,  with  revolute    margins,  |  to  ^  in.     Flowers  small, 

in  corynibose  panicles 4.    D.  parvifolia. 

Leaves  sessile,  very  rugose,  with  revolute  margins.     Flowers  in 

dense  heads.     DilTiiso,  Filago-WVe  plant b.  D.  stccchas. 

1.  D.  ochrotricha,  F.  Mvell.  Fraf/tn.  iv.  IGl.  An  erect  shrub  of 
1  to  2  ft.,  densely  clothod  with  a  rather  close  woolly  tomontuni,  often 
assuming-  a  golden  yellow  colour.  Leaves  opposite,  lanceolate,  obtuse, 
contracted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole,  thick  soft  and  woolly  on  both 
sides  when  young-,  scabrous  and  rug'ose  above  when  old,  reticulate  and 
tomentose  underneath,  \\  to  nearly  8  in.  long-,  the  upper  iloral  ones 
reduced  to  small  bracts.  Cymes  opposite,  pedunculate,  forming-  a  short 
pyramidal  terminal  panicle,  the  pedicels  and  calyxes  very  wooUy-hirsute 
with  short  goldon-yellow  branching-  hairs.  Pedicels  |  to  3i-  lines  long-, 
thicker  than  in  the  other  species.  Calyx  about  2  lines  long-,  divided  to 
rather  below  the  middle  into  rather  broad  obtuse  lobos.  Corolla 
scarcely  exceeding-  the  calyx,  the  tube  woolly  outside,  the  lobos  small. 
Stamens  less  exserted  than  in  the  other  si)ecies.  Ovary  very  woolly  as 
well  as  the  entire  part  of  the  style ;  ovules  attached  very  near  the  top. 


Dicrastyles.]  xcil.   VERBENACEiE.  ■13 

Style-branches  g"labrous,  about  as  long-  as  the  entire  part.  Fruit  small, 
depressed  g-lobular,  not  seen  quite  ripe. — Fitijrodia  exsuccosay  F.  Muell. 
Frag-m.  i.  GO. 

N.  Australia.     Sturt's  Creek,  near  Mount  Wilford,  F.  Ahceller. 

2.  D.  fulva,  Dnnnm.  in  Hooh.  Kem  Joiirn.  vii.  50.  A  perennial  or 
undershrub  with  erect  siniple  or  branched  stems  of  1  to  2  teet,  densely 
clothed  with  a  whitish,  or  niore  frequently  brownish  cottony  wool, 
sometimes  ahnost  floccose  in  the  lower  part,  looser  and  long-er  towards 
the  inHorescence.  Leaves  mostly  opposite,  narrow-ovate  or  oblong', 
obtuse,  narrowed  at  the  base,  ^  to  above  1  in.  long-,  very  thick  soft 
and  reticuhite-rug'ose,  but  the  wrinkles  concealed  by  the  wool  till  it 
wears  olf  with  age.  Flowers  very  numerous,  in  broad  trichotomous 
corymbose  panicles,  the  clusters  when  young-  forming-  globular  woolly 
heads  surrounded  by  woolly  bracts,  but  much  looser  when  fully  out, 
when  the  bracts  fall  away  and  each  ilower  is  on  a  little  fiUform  pedicel 
of  5  to  1  line.  Calyx  about  1  line  long-,  hirsute  with  branched  hairs, 
not  so  woolly  as  in  Mallophora,  divided  to  the  middle  or  more  deeply 
into  rather  unequal  lobes.  Corolla  almost  campanulate,  about  \^  Hnes 
long-,  the  lobes  as  long-  as  the  tube  and  equah  Stamens  inserted  a 
little  below  the  lobes  and  as  long-  as  or  rather  long-er  than  them. 
Ovary  tomentose.  Style  hairy  with  glabrous  branches  about  as  long- 
as  the  entire  part. — Pitijroclia  myriantha,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  i.  236. 

TV.  Australia.  Northern  districts,  Drummond;  Murchison  river,  Oldjteld;  Dirk 
Hartog's  island,  31artin. 

3.  D.  reticulata,  Dritmm.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  5?.  An  under- 
shrub  or  shrub  with  the  g'eneral  habit  of  D.fulva,  the  stems  erect  or 
ascending-  covered  with  the  same  dense  cottony  wool  of  a  white  or 
brownish  hue.  Leaves  opposite  or  scattered,  sessile,  oblong*  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  usually  smaller  than  in  D.fidva,  less  narrowed  at 
the  base,  the  marg-ins  revolute,  much  wrinkled  above  and  reticulate 
underneath,  pubescent  above  and  hoary-tomentose  underneath,  but  the 
cotton  not  dense  enoug-h  to  conceal  the  reticulations.  Flowers  rather 
larg-er  than  in  D.fidoa,  in  dense  heads  of  |  to  1  in.  diameter,  which 
are  either  several  tog-ether  in  terminal  cor^^mbs  or  solitar}'  on  the  side 
branches,  the  outer  bracts  often  leaflike,  the  inner  ones  small.  Pedicels 
about  1  line  long-.  Calyx  rather  more  than  1  line  long',  divided  to  the 
base  into  linear  seg-ments.  Corolla  2  to  2|  lines  long-,  the  lobes  shorter 
than  the  tube.  Stamens  long-er  than  the  corolla-lobes.  Ovary  tomen- 
tose.  Style  rather  long-er  than  in  D.  fulva,  hairy  with  glabrous 
branches. 

"^W.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  94. 

Malloi)hora  corymhosa,  Endl.  Nov.  Stirp.  Dec.  64,  appears  to  nie  from  a  cursory  in- 
spection  without  examination  of  the  specimen  in  the  Vienna  herbarium,  to  be  a  very 
wuolly  variety  of  Dicrastyles  reticulata. 

4.  D.  parvifolia,  F.  Muell.  Fra^pn.  ii.  IGO.  An  erect  undershrub  or 
shrub  of  1  to  2  ft.,  with  nuinerous  rather  slender  branches,  the  whole 
plant  hoary  or  white  with  a  close  tomentum.     Leaves  linear,  obtuse, 


44  xni.  verbenace.t:.  [Dicrastyles. 

with  revolute  maro-ins,  from  \  to  rather  alK)vo  J-  in.  lonp-,  h)sing-  the 
tomentum  on  the  upper  side  when  old,  and  tlien  somewhat  rugose. 
Flowers  in  compact  head-like  c^Tnes,  forming-  tricliotomous  corymbose 
panicles  as  in  D.  fidva,  but  very  much  smaller  and  the  bracts  very 
small.  Calyx  almost  sessile,  scarcely  above  \  line  long-,  divided  almost 
to  the  base  into  oblong-  seg-ments.  Corolla  about  1  line  long-,  very 
broad  and  open,  the  lobes  much  long-er  than  the  tube  and  one  larger 
than  the  others.  Stamens  5  as  in  the  other  species,  long-er  than  the 
corolla.  Ovary  tomentose.  8tyle-branches  long-er  than  the  entire 
part. — D.  ros>iuirin{/olia,  Turez.in  Cull.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Mosc.  18G3 ; 
ii.  226. 

W.  Australia,  Dntmmond,  n.  176,  236 ;  Young  river,  East  river,  and  OlJfield 
rivL-r,  Ma.nnll. 

5.  D.  stoechas,  Dnimm.  in  Ilodk.  Kem  Journ.  vii.  57.  A  diffuse, 
mucli  branclietl,  h)w  underslirub,  with  the  aspect  of  a  Gnaphalium  or 
Fihujo,  donsely  clotlied  in  every  part  with  wliite  wool.  Leaves  opposite 
or  scattered,  s'essile,  oblong-,  obtuse,  with  revolute  marg-ins,  2  to  4  lines 
long-,  thick  and  soft,  very  rugose  undor  the  white  wool.  Flowers 
numeroiis  in  dense  terminal  woolly  heads  of  \  ^o  f  in.  diameter,  not 
panicuhite.  Bracts  small  exce})t  the  out^r  ones  which  are  sometimes 
leafy  and  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Calyx  about  1  line  long,  divided  to  the 
base  into  linear  lobes.  Corolla  l^-  lines  long,  the  lobes  rather  shorter 
than  the  tube.  Stamens  long-er  than  the  corolla-lobes.  Ovary  as  well 
as  the  entire  part  of  the  style  tomentose  or  wooUy,  containing"  but  a 
sing-le  cell  and  ovule  in  all  the  tiowers  examined,  but  they  were  all 
somewhat  enlarg-ed  after  fecundation,  probably  as  in  the  rest  of  the 
g-enus  2-celled  at  an  earlier  stag-e,  but  in  the  rather  numerous  speci- 
mens  in  the  collections  before  me  I  have  not  succeeded  in  finding-  either 
buds  or  far  advanced  fruits. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  5th  coll.  suppl.  n.  95. 

9.  CHLOANTHES,  E.  Br. 

Calyx  more  or  less  deeply  divided  into  5  narrow  herbaceous  lobes. 
Corolla-tube  elono-ated,  usuall}'  incurved  and  dilated  upwards  ;  limb  2- 
lij)ped,  the  upper  lip  erect  at  the  base  with  two  s])reading-  lobes,  the 
lower  lip  tliree-lobed,  spreading-.  Stamens  4,  somewhat  didynamous, 
inserted  beloAv  the  middle  of  the  tube  above  a  ring'  of  cottony  hairs, 
shorter  than  the  upj)er  lij) ;  anthers  without  any  or  witli  verv  obscure 
apj)enilag-es.  Ovary  imj^erfectly  or  almost  perfectly  2-celle'd  with  2 
ovules  in  each  cell  laterally  attached.  Style  very  shortly  2-lobed. 
Fruit  a  dry  4-celled  tlrupe,  the  endocarp  separating-  into  2  hard  2-celled 
nuts,  leaving"  between  them  a  central  cavity  roaching-  halfwav  uj). 
Seeds  solitary  in  each  cell,  ascending-,  with  a  thin  testa  and  coj)ious 
albumen. — Perennials  undershrubs  or  shrubs,  more  or  less  cottonv 
woolly  or  glandular-hirsute.  Leaves  ojjposite  or  in  whorls  of  three, 
narrow,  bidlate-rugose  and  decurrent  along-  the  stem.  Flowers  axillarv, 


Chloanthes.]  xcii.  verbenace^.  45 

solitarv,  shortly  pedicellat^,  witli  a  pair  of  bracteoles  below  tlie  calyx, 
tlie  upper  Howers  sometimes  forminy  a  leafy  spike. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Aiistralia.  The  transformation  of  the  imperfectly  2-celled 
ovary  into  a  coinplotelj  4-cclled  fhiit  in  Ihis  and  the  fullowing  genera  is  effected  by  the 
growth  of  the  endocarp  roiind  the  seeds,  filling  up  the  cavity  in  tlie  uppcr  part,  but 
usually  leaving  in  the  lower  part  a  vacuity  or  so-cal!ed  fifth  empty  cell. 

Flowers  mostly  axillary  and  distant.     Eastern  species. 

Leaves  lanceohite,  the  margins  scarcely  revolute,   shortly  hispid 
on  both  sides,  not  cottony  underneath.      Flowers  large,   the 

tube  narrow 1.   C.  ylandulosa. 

Leaves  narrow  with  very  recurved  niargins,  white  underneatli. 
Corolla  tube  narrow  (variable  in  size),  ghibrous  inside    except 

the  ring  of  hairs  near  the  base 2.    C.  stmcliadis. 

Corolla-tube  short  and  broad,  hairy  inside  nnder  the  upper  lip     3.  O.  parvijiora. 
Flowers  in  short  leafy  spikes  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.    Western 

species 4.   C.  coccinea. 

Pityrodia  uncinata  and  P.  Bartlingii  are  usually  placed  iii  C/doanthes,  of  which  they 
have  the  anthers,  but  the  corollas  as  well  as  scattered  non-decurrent  leaves  are  those  of 
Piti/rodia. 

1.  C.  glandulosa,  B.  Br.  Prod.  514.  An  erect  perennial  or  under- 
shrub,  nearly  resembling-  C.  sta^chadis,  but  coarser  and  taller.  Leaves 
lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  btiDate-rug-ose  and  decurrent  as  in  that 
species,  but  mostly  l^  to  3  in.  long-,  the  marg-ins  less  revohite,  and 
both  sides  muricate  or  hispid  with  short  rigid  glandular  hairs,  not 
white  or  woolly  underneath.  Flowers  axillary,  l^  in.  long-,  the  calyx 
fally  \  in.,  the  peduncles  8  to  4  lines  long-,  with  short  linear  bracts 
below  the  middle  or  near  the  base,  the  shape  and  structure  of  the 
flowers  and  fruits  otherwise  as  in  C.  stcechadis. — Schau.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xi.  581. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Grose  river,  R.  Brown ;  Blue  Mountains,  A.  and  B.  Cunningham. 
Further  observations    may   possibly  show   this  to   be   a   luxuriant   variety   of    C. 
stcechadis. 

2.  C.  stoechadis,  P.  Br.  Prod.  614.  A  perennial  or  undershrub, 
with  erect  simple  or  branched  stems  of  1  to  2  ft.  Leaves  opposite, 
linear  or  linear-hmceolate,  but  often  almost  terete  owing*  to  the  re- 
vohite  marg-ins,  obtuse,  rarely  above  1  in.  long-,  exceeding-ly  bullate- 
rug-ose  and  scabrous-muricate  on  the  upper  or  outer  surface,  which  is 
decurrent  along-  the  stem  to  the  next  pair  of  leaves,  the  under-surface 
woolly-white  but  often  quite  concealed  by  the  revohite  margins. 
Flowers  "  yellowish,"  on  very  short  axillary  pedicels,  with  a  pair  of 
linear  bracteoles  rug-ose  hke  the  leaves  but  shorter  than  the  calyx, 
inserted  about  the  middle  of  the  pediceh  Calyx  4  to  5  hnes  long-, 
more  or  less  clothed  with  woolly  hairs  inside  and  out,  divided  to  the 
middle  or  lower  down  into  5  hanceohite  or  Hnear  herbaceous  lobes, 
bidhite  like  the  leaves.  Corolla  in  the  typical  form  above  1  in.  long-, 
pubescent  outside,  the  tube  g-radually  dilated  upwards,  and  shg-htly 
curved,  glabrous  inside  except  a  ring-  of  woolly  hairs  above  the  ovary, 
the  upper  lip  erect,  somewhat  concave,  with  two  short  spreading-  lobes, 
the  lower  Hp  divided  into  three  acute  very  spreading-  lobes,  the  middle 
one  rather  long-er  and  more  reflexed  than  the  others.     Ovary  densely 


46  xcii.  VERBENACE^.  [ChloantTies. 

villous.  Friiit  separating-  into  two  hemispherical  reticiilate  hairy 
cocci  the  exocarj)  membranous,  the  endocarp  and  phicenta  forming-  in 
each  a  bony  2-celled  nut  with  1  seed  in  each  nut. — Schau.  in  DG. 
Prod.  xi.  b'&J ;   C.  lacundulijblia,  Sieb.  in  Spreng-.  Syst.  ii.  756. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Ileaths  about  Port  Jackson,  R.  Brown,  Sieber,  n.  185  and  186,  aiid 
many  otliers. 

Var.  parviflora.  Flowers  smaller,  but  shaped  like  those  of  C.  stoschadis,  the  corolla 
aboiit  f  in.  lonf^. — Waverley  hills,  Sydney,  Mossman ;  Wooloomooloo,  A.  Cunningliam, 
and  in  some  other  N.  S.  Wales  collections. 

3.  C.  parviflora,  Walp.  licp.  iv.  58.  An  erect  perennial  or  under- 
shrub,  with  the  habit  and  fuliag-e  of  C.  stocchadis,  but  the  calyx  is  more 
deeply  divided,  and  the  corolla,  not  above  \  in.  long-,  has  the  throat  or 
upper  portion  of  the  tube  broader  and  very  hairy  inside  below  the 
uitper  Hp  with  long'  whitish  hairs,  the  lobes  are  also  much  shorter  and 
all  obtuse.  Stamens  usually  shorter  than  in  C.  stcechudis,  but  variable. 
Fruit  as  in  C.  staechadis.  The  colour  of  the  flower  is  uncertain,  being" 
variously  described  as  purple,  lig-ht  blue,  yellow,  or  yellowish. — 
Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  532. 

Queensland.      Rockingham  Bay,  DallacJn/. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  In  the  interior,  Lhotzl-y  {Schauer).  I  have  not  seen  the  original 
specimens,  but  Walpers's  character  apphes  rather  to  this  than  to  the  small-flowered 
variety  of  C.  stuchadis. 

4.  C.  coccinea,  Bartl.  iti  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  352.  Au  erect  slightly 
branched  undershrub  or  shrub  of  about  1  to  2  ft.,  the  stems  usually 
clothed  with  a  white  cottony  avooI,  concealed  however  by  the  de- 
current  leaves.  Leaves  opposite  or  in  whorls  of  three,  narrow  and 
nearly  terete  owing-  to  the  revolute  marg-ins,  obtuse,  ^  to  1  in.  long", 
buUate-rugose  with  the  tubercles  very  reg'ular  in  three  or  four  longi- 
tudinal  rows,  coriaceous,  shining',  slig'htly  tuberculate  or  muricate 
and  decurrent  along-  the  stem,  the  white  cottony  under  surfoce  usually 
completely  concealed.  Flowers  scarlet  according-  to  Preiss,  nearly 
sessile  and  axillary,  but  collected  into  sliort  leafy  spikes  or  heads  at  or 
near  the  summits  of  the  branches.  Pedicels  not  1  line  long-,  the  linear 
bracteoles  near  the  base.  Calyx  4  to  5  lines  long-,  deeply  divided, 
hirsute  with  long*  white  woolly  hairs.  Corolla-tube  about  ^  in.  long", 
g-radually  dilated  upwards,  the  lobes  about  3  lines  long-,  almost  acute. 
Stamens  cxserted  from  the  tube. — Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  ix.  831. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  97,  142  ;  Hay  district,  Preiss,  n.  2339. 

Chiefly  distinguislied  from  the  eastem  C.  stocchadis  by  the  more  rigid  regnlarly  bul- 
late  leaves,  and  by  the  inflnrescence. 

There  is  apparontly  a  tiftli  spccies  with  decurrent  leaves,  of  which  the  specimens 
froni  Depucch  ishuul,  N.W.  Coast,  Bynoe,  are  in  a  state  of  very  young  bud,  iusufficient 
for  description. 

10.  PITYRODIA.  R.  Br. 

(Quoya,  Gaudich.  Dasymalla,  Endl.) 

Calyx  more  or  less  deeply  5-lobed.  Corolla-tube  broad,  usually 
sliort,  more  rarely  elong-ated ;  linib  of  5  spreading-  lobes  more  or  less 
distinctly  2-lipped,  or  oblique  witli  the  lowest  lobe  rnuch  larg-er  than 


Fitl/mlia.]  XCIl.    VERUENACKiE.  47 

tlie  otliers.  Stamens  4,  usually  didynamous ;  included  or  shortly 
exserted  ;  antlier-cells  all,  or  onc  of  eacli  anther,  or  those  ot"  one  pair  of 
anthers,  tipped  ut  the  lower  end  by  a  sniall  or  very  prominent  ap- 
pendag-e  rarely  entirely  delicient.  Ovary  imperfectly  or  ahnost  per- 
fectly  :L3-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell  laterally  attached  to  a  short  or 
very  long-  funicle.  Style  very  shortly  ;3-lobed,  and  often  dilated  at  the 
base  of  tiie  lobes.  Fruit  a  dry  drupe,  tlie  endocarp  separating-  into  two 
2-celled  nuts  with  one  seed  in  each  cell,  or  reduced  Ijy  abortion  to  one 
or  two  sing-le-seeded  nuts.  Seeds  ascending-,  with  a  thin  testa  and 
copious  albumen. — Shrubs  or  undershrubs,  more  or  less  clothed  with 
cottony  wool.  Leaves  scattered  or  irreg-ularly  opposite,  not  decurrent. 
Flowers  solitary,  or  in  cymes  or  clusters,  axillary  or  collected  in  ter- 
minal  c}anes  or  leafy  spikes. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Aiistralia,  differing  from  CJiloanthes  in  foliage,  in  the  corolla- 
tube  usually  shorter  and  much  broader,  and  in  the  appendages  to  the  authers  which  are 
usually  very  distinct,  although  in  a  i'e\v  species  very  much  reduced  or  obsolete.  The 
coroUa  aiso  of  some  species  is  very  nearly  that  of  Chloanthes  parvijiora,  but  the  pecu- 
liar  foliage  of  the  latter  genus,  which  is  coustant,  may  be  sufficieut  to  maintain  it  as 
distinct. 

Leaves  oblong   or   lanceolate,   the   margins  slightly  recurved. 
Calyx    (not    exceeding    3    lines),    with    lanceolate    lobes. 
Flowers  axiihiry. 
Leaves  petiolate,  lanceolate,  very  rugose,  1  to  2  in.  long.     To- 

mentum  ferruginous \.  P.  salvifolia. 

Leaves   nearly  sessile,  mostly  obtuse,   under  |  in.  long.     To- 

mentum  hoary  or  white 2.  P.  hemigenioides. 

Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate  with  revolute  margins,  very  rugose 
(as  in  Chloanthes)  but  not  decurrent.     Calyx  (4  to  ti  lines) 
with  linear  plumose  lobes.     Flowers  axillary  or  in  spikes. 
Leaves  mostly  linear,  the  floral  ones  exceeding  the  flowers     .     3.  P.  uncinata. 
Leaves  mostly  lanceolate,  the  floral  ones  not  exceeding  the 

flowers 4.  P.  Bartlingii. 

Leaves  ovate  oblong  or  hmceolate,  flat  thick  and  soft.     Calyx  (3 
to  6  lines)  with  narrow  or  hinceolate  lobes.   Flowers  usually 
in  dense  or  interrupted  spikes. 
Calyx  about  5  lines  long,  woolly-tomentose. 

Corolla-tube  shorter  than  the  calyx ;  middle  lobe  twice  as 

broad  as  the  others 5.  P.  verhascina, 

CoroUa-tube  longer  than  the  calyx,  the   three  lower  lobes 

broad 6.  P.  racemosa. 

Calyx  scarcely  3  lines  long,  densely  plumose-hairy.     Corolla- 
tube  not  exceeding  the  calyx ;  middle  lobe  twice  as  broad 

as  the  others 1.  P.  Drummondii. 

Leaves  without  revolute  margins.     Calyx-lobes  ovate  oblong  or 
spathulate,  very  obtuse. 
Leaves  very  rugose,  contrcated  below  the  middle  but  sessile 
and  dilated  at  the  base. 
Corolla-tube  much  longer  than  the  calyx,  gradually  dilated 

upwards 8.  P.  dilatata. 

Corolla-tube  broadly  campanulate,  not  much  exceeding  the 

calyx 9.  P.  cuneata. 

Leaves  petiolate,  broadly  ovate  or  orbicular.     Calyx-Iobes  en- 
larged  and  thin  after  flowering. 
Very  thickly  woolly-tomentose.     Calyx  6  to  8  lines  long. 
Corolla-lobes  nearly  of  equaV  breadtb 10.  P.  Oldfieldii. 


48  xcii.  VERBENACE^.  [Pityrodia. 

Hoary  or  white  with  a  close  tonientnm.  Calyx  3  to  5  lines 
long.  Corolhi  with  the  lowest  lobe  twice  as  broad  as  the 
others 11.  P.  atriplicina. 

Like  R  atripUdna,  but  smaller,  with  a  looser  inflorescence 

and  sniallor  flowers 12.  P.  panicidata. 

1.  P.  salvifolia,  I?.  Br.  Prod.  513.  A  slirub  of  spreading  growth,  at- 
tainino-  (j  to  8  ft.,  with  a  strong-  sag-e-like  scent,  the  branches  densely 
clothed  with  a  woolly  tomentum  usually  rust-coloured,  but  sometimes 
Avhitish.  Leaves  opposite,  shortly  petiolate,  lanceolate  or  ahnost  linear, 
obtuse  or  ratheracute,  2  to  Soreven  4  in.  long-,  very  rug-ose,  pubescent 
above,  cottony  and  rusty  or  whitish  underneath.  Flowers  nearly  sessile, 
in  axilhary  clusters  of  2,  3,  or  rarely  more.  Bracts  very  narrow,  the 
outer  ones  shorter  than  the  calyx,  the  inner  ones  much  smaller.  Calyx 
turbinate-campanulate,  nearly  3  lines  long-,  prominently  ribbed, 
tomentose,  divided  to  rather  below  the  middle  into  lanceolate  acuminate 
lobes.  Corona  white,  scarcely  exceeding-  the  calyx,  the  tube  broadly 
campanuhite,  with  a  dense  ring-  of  hairs  inside  below  the  stamens ;  lobes 
shorter  than  the  tube,  the  2  upper  ones  rather  more  united,  the  middle 
lower  one  rather  broader  than  the  others.  FiLaments  very  short; 
anthers  almost  exserted,  the  two  lower  ones  with  prominent  appendao-es, 
the  two  upper  ones  with  shorter  ones,  and  in  one  bud  I  found  a  nfth 
rudimentary  stamen.  Ovary  g-hibrous  ;  ovules  attached  close  to  the 
top  with  a  short  funicle.  Fruit  ahnost  completely  4-celled. — Schau. 
inDC.  Prod.  xi.  028;   Premna  salvifoUa,  S{)reng-.  Syst.  ii.  755. 

Queensland.  Northumberland  islands,  R.  Brown ;  barren  rocky  hills,  Cleveland 
bay,  A.  Cunningham;  uear  Rockhampton,  O^Shanesy  ;  near  Mount  Hedlow,  Dallachy. 

2.  P.  hemigenioides,  F.  Muell.  A  rig-id  divaricate  shrub  of  1  to 
3  ft.,  the  branches  cottony-white  or  woolly-tomentose.  Leaves  sessile 
or  the  hirger  ones  shortly  petiolate,  narrow-ovate  or  oblong-,  rather 
crowded  on  the  branches,  obtuse,  the  marg-ins  recurved,  rounded  or 
cordate  at  the  base,  from  about  \  to  above  -|  in.  long;,  rather  rigid,  at 
first  cottony-white  but  becoming-  g-hibrous  and  minutely  rug-ose  above, 
reticuhite  underneath.  Flowers  solitary,  shortly  pedicelhite,  or  nearly 
sessile  in  the  axils  of  the  upper  smaller  leaves.  Bracteoles  linear,  leafy. 
Calyx  about  3  Hnes  long-,  turbinate-campanulate,  strong-fy  ribbed,  di- 
vided  to  much  behnv  the  raiddle  into  lanceolate  lobes.  Corolla  5  to 
6  hnes  long-,  the  tube  sliort  and  much  dilated,  the  lobes  about  as  long;- 
as  the  tube,  the  2  upper  ones  shortly  united,  the  middle  lower  one 
rather  broader  than  the  others.  Stamens  slig-htfy  exceeding-  the  tube  ; 
anther-cells  with  minute  appendages,  one  cell  of  each  of  the  upper 
ones  occasionally  abortive.  Ovary  tomentose,  ovules  attached  at  or 
near  the  top  by  a  very  short  funicle. — Chloanthes  hcmigemoides  or 
Quoya  hemif/cnioides,  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  vi.  156. 

W.  Australia.     Northern  districts,  Drummond ;  Dirk  Hartog'8  island,  3Iilne. 
N.  Australia.       A    singlc    specinien   without    flowers    from    M'Douall     Stuarfs 
JExpedition  appears  to  belong  to  this  species. 

3.  P.  uncinata,  Benth.  An  erect  branching-  shrub  of  1  to  2  ft.,  the 
branches  covercd  with  white  cottony  wool.     Leaves  crowded  but  not 


Piti/rodia.]  xcii.  verbenace.e.  49 

decurrent,  scattered  or  in  irreg-ular  whorls  of  three,  linear  or  linear- 
hmceohxte,  usually  taperinj^-  towards  the  end  and  often  hut  not  always 
terniinating-  in  a  hooked  hhmt  point,  the  margins  recurved  or  revolute, 
more  or  less  hunate-rug-ose,  the  half-concealed  under  surface  woolly- 
white  or  nearly  g-hihrous.  Flowers  soHtary  in  the  axils  of  the  upper 
leaves,  forming-  long-  leafy  spikes,  usually  very  woolly-hairy,  the  lioral 
leaves  mostly  exceeding-  the  tiowers.  Pedicels  very  short.  Calyx 
ahout  4  Hnes  long",  deeply  divided  into  narrow  memhranous  hairy 
lohes,  sometimes  sHg-litly  huHate  and  muricate  at  the  end.  CoroUa- 
tuhe  scarcely  J  in.  long",  much  dilated  upwards  and  sHg-htly  incurved, 
the  Hmh  2-Hpped,  hali  as  long"  as  the  tuhe,  the  upper  Hp  very  shortly 
2-lohed,  the  lower  of  3  very  spreading-  lohes.  Stamens  included  in  the 
tuhe  or  the  lower  ones  shortly  exserted.  Anther-ceUs  (all  ?)  without 
any  appendag-es.  Ovary  tomentose,  without  any  hypogynous  disk ; 
ovules  attached  at  or  near  the  top,  with  a  very  short  or  scarcely  any 
funicle. — Chloanthes  uminata,  Turcz.  in  BulL  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Mosc. 
18G3.  ii.  194 ;   C.  bullata,  F.  MueH.  Frag-m.  vi.  156. 

VT.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  160,  /.  S.  Boe  ;  Oldfield  river,  Maxwell. 

Var.  exserta.  Coarser,  the  leaves  mostly  cordate  aud  stem-clasping.  Flowers  ratlier 
larger,  the  stamens  exserted. — Cape  Arid,  Maxwell. 

This  and  the  foUowing  species  are  usually  placed  in  Chloanthes,  and  the  anther- 
appendages,  conspicuous  in  the  majority  of  Pityrodia,  are  liere  very  ohscure,  hut  the 
shape  of  the  flowers  as  well  as  the  scattered  non-decurrent  leaves  appear  to  me  to 
place  them  much  hetter  in  the  latter  than  in  the  former  genus. 

4.  P,  Bartlingii,  Benth.  Stems,  from  a  woody  base,  1  to  2  ft. 
hig'h,  densely  clothed  with  white  wool  often  intermixed  with  long' 
soft  hairs  and  sometimes  turning"  to  a  reddish  hrown.  Leaves  scat- 
tered  or  in  whorls  of  three,  not  much  crowded,  hmceolate  or  Hnear,  the 
margins  more  or  less  revolute,  huHate  and  hairy  or  nearly  g-lahrous 
outside,  more   or  less  wooHy-white  underneath.     Flowers  soHtary  or 

3  tog'ether  on  short  peduncles  in  the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves,  which 
are  always  smaller  and  sometimes  reduced  to  hracts,  forming-  terminal 
spikes  of  3  to  4  in.,  very  hairy  with  lotig-  soft  hairs,  and  either  con- 
tinuous  or  interrupted  and  more  leafy  at  the  hase.  Calyx  divided  to 
the  base  into  Hnear  or  Hnear-lanceolate  membranous  hairy  segments  of 

4  to  6  Hnes.  Corolla  usuaUy  about  ^  in.  long-,  very  much  dilated  ahove 
the  inner  ring*  of  wooHy  liairs  into  a  hroad  campanulate  throat  but 
obHque  and  somewhat  incurved,  the  lobes  aU  short  and  broad.  Stamens 
sHg-htfy  exserted;  anthers  with  minute  ohtuse  appendag-es  sometimes 
almost  ohsolete,  the  upper  pair  usuaUy  smaller  than  the  lower.  Ovary 
tomentose,  the  ovules  attached  near  the  top  to  exceedingiy  long*  iiexuose 
fiHform  funicles. —  Chloanthes  Bartlinqii.,  Lehm.  Ind.  Sem.  Hort.  Hamh. 
1844;  BartL  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  352;  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  531. 

VT.  Australia.  Swan  river  and  Darliug  range,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  447,  Preiss, 
n.  2340,  Oldfield  and  others. 

The  leaves  are  exceedingly  variable,  sometimes  all  narrow  and  under  i|  in.  long;  in 
some  large-flowered  specimens  lanceolate,  l^  in.  long,  not  much  revolute  and  very 
densely  woolly  underneath  ;  in  other  specimens  narrower  and  so  much  revolute  as  com- 
pletely  to  couceal  the  wool.  Some  of  01dfield's  specimens  have  very  small  leaves,  the 
fioral  ones  broad  and  almost  ovate,  wilh  rather  smaller  flowers. 

VOL.  V.  E 


60  xcu.  VERBENACEiE.  [Pityrodia. 

Some  Victorian  speciraens,  from  nearSwan  Hill  on  tlic  Murray,  W.  Boss,  may  be- 
long  to  some  Pttyrodla  allied  to  P.  uncinata  or  P.  BartUngii,  but  being  without 
flower  or  fruit  they  cannot  be  deterrained. 

5.  P.  verbascina,  F.  MueU.  A  stout  erect  slirub,  densely  clotlied 
as  in  P.  ()/<l/irldii  Avitli  cottonv  wool,  often  lloccose  and  sometimes 
assuming-  a  g-olden  or  orang-e-red  hue  in  the  upper  part  of  the  plant. 
Leaves  opposite  or  in  whorls  of  three,  ovate  or  oblong-,  ohtuse,  sessile 
or  contracted  into  a  petiole,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  verv  thick  and  soft,  the 
veins  concealed  hy  the  wool,  the  floral  ones  smaller,  the  upper  ones 
shorter  than  the'  calyx.  Flowers  verv  shortly  pedunculate,  usually 
several  together  in  the  upper  axils,  forming-  a  dense  or  inter- 
rupted  more  or  less  leafv  spike.  Bracts  small  or  none.  Calyx  aboiit 
5  Unes  long,  very  woolly,  very  deeply  divided  into  narrow  8-nerved 
seg-ments.  Corolla  about  ^  in.  long-,  tomentose,  the  tube  much  dilated, 
tlie  1?  upper  lobes  sliort  and  broad,  the  2  lateral  ones  smaller  and 
triang-ular,  the  lowest  one  very  much  hirg-er  and  more  than  twice  as 
broad  as  any  of  the  others.  Stamens  included  or  shortly  exserted ; 
anther-appendag'es  variable,  usually  one  larg-e  one  to  one  cell  of  each 
anther,  the  other  cell  without  any  or  with  a  smaller  one.  Ovules 
attached  at  or  near  the  top  by  a  very  short  fiinicle.  Fruit  obovoid  or 
depressed,  often  obhque,  about  1|-  Unes  long-,  usually  ripening*  only 
2  soeds  (one  to  each  carpel)  but  occasionally  all  4  are  enlarg-ed. — 
Chloanthes  verhascinn,  F.  MuelL  Frag'm.  i.  233 ;  Qnoya  verhascina,  F. 
MueU.  Frag-m.  iv.  80. 

y^.  Australia.     Murcliison  river,  Oldfield,  Drummond,  Gth  coll.  n.  140. 

6.  P.  racemosa,  Prnth.  An  erect  shrub  or  imdershrub  of  about 
2  ft.,  densclv  covered  witli  white  wool,  sometimes  loose  and  floccose, 
sometimes  shorter  and  closer.  Leaves  opposite,  oblong-  or  oval,  very 
obtuse,  sessile  and  sometimes  stem-chisping-,  mostly  |  to  above  1  in. 
long-,  thick  and  soft,  reticulate-rug-ose  but  the  wrinkles  concealed  by 
the  tomentum,  and  otherwise  flat.  Flowers  "  resembUng-  in  colour  and 
in  shajie  those  of  the  g-arden  sag-e,"  soUtary  or  more  frequently  in 
cymes  of  3  to  5,  the  pcduncles  very  variable  in  leng-tli  but  alwavs 
shorter  than  the  leaves,  forming-  an  interrupted  terminal  leafv  raceme. 
Bracts  usually  short.  Calyx  about  5  Unes  long-,  divided  ahuost  or  quite 
to  the  base  into  5  narrow  membranous  3-nervpd  sog-monts.  CoroUa 
nearly  1  in.  lon"-,  the  tube  much  dihited  upwards,  the  4  upper  lobes 
nearly  equal  in  leng-th,  broad,  spreading-,  puboscent  outsido,  the  lowest 
twice  as  broad  as  the  others  and  g-hdjrous.  Stamens  as  long-  as  the  tubc 
or  shortly  exserted,  the  anthor-cens  Unear,  at  length  diverg-in"-,  with 
sliort  appendag-es.  Ovulos  attached  noar  tho  top,  with  sliort  funicles. 
Fruit  ripening-,  occasionaUy  at  least,  aU  tlie  four  seeds. — Quoya  (/)  racc- 
mosa,  Turcz.  in  BuU.  Soc!  Lnp.  Nat.  Mosc.  1863.  ii.  194 ;  C7iloanthes 
stachyodes,  or  Quotja  stachyodes,  F.  MueU.  Frag-m.  v.  50,  vi.  158;  Dasy- 
malla  axillaris  and  D.  terminalis,  Endl.  Nov.  Stirp.  Dec.  11,  12. 

W.  AuBtralia,  Dntmmond,  3rd  coll.  n.  141,  bth  coll.  n.  73  ;  ncar  Mount  Walter 
Ilerh.  F.  MiirJkr,  collector  iiot  namcd.  ' 


PUijrodia.]  xcii.   vehbenace.i:.  51 

7.  P.  Drummondii,  Turcz.  in  Bull.  Suc.  Iinp.  Nut.  Mosc.  1803.  ii.  213. 
An  Tindershnib  with  lono-  prect  slig-htly  branched  stems  attaining-  3  or 

4  ft.,  the  lowcr  part  of  the  steni  and  leaves  nsnally  loosely  tomentose 
and  more  or  less  Hoccose,  the  upper  part  of  the  stem  and  sometimes  the 
whole  plant  except  the  inflorescence  and  calyxes  quite  giabrous. 
Leaves  opposite  or  in  whorls  of  three,  oval-oblong-  or  lanceolate, 
obtuse,  often  irregularly  crenate,  contracted  at  the  base,  mostly  |  to 
l^  in.  long",  rug-ose  but  otherwise  flat,  the  floral  ones  very  small  or 
entirely  wanting-.  Flowers  small,  whitish,  in  dichotomous  cymes 
sometimes  pedunculate  and  many-flowered,  sometimes  condensed  into 
sessile  opposite  heads  in  distant  pairs  forming'  a  long*  interru])ted 
terniinal  raceme-like  panicle.  Calyx  scarcely  2  lines  long-,  divided 
to  about  I  into  linear  membranous  slig-htly  unequal  lobes,  clothed  out- 
side  with  hairs  sometimes  very  short,  more  frequently  very  long-,  re- 
peatedly  forked,  soft  and  often  assuming-  a  purple  hue.     CoroUa  about 

5  lines  long-,  the  tube  very  broad  and  oblique,  the  2  upper  lobes  short 
and  erect,  the  2  hiteral  ones  rather  larg-er,  the  lowest  twice  as  broad 
and  long-er  than  the  others.  Ovary  giabrous  or  sligiitly  woolly,  usually 
with  only  2  perfect  ovules,  each  one  attached  to  an  exceedingiy  long' 
filiform  and  several  times  folded  funicle.  Fruit  not  seen. — Chloanthes 
loxocarpa,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  ii.  22 ;  Quoya  loxocarpa,  F.  Muell. 
Frag-m.  iv.  80. 

V^.  Australia.  Murcbison  river,  Oldfield,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  141 ;  Flinders' 
Bay,  Collie. 

The  indumentum  of  tlie  calyx  and  sometiraes  of  the  whole  plaiit  is  exceedingly 
variable. 

8.  P.  dilatata,  F.  Muell.  A  branching-  shrub,  densely  clothed  with 
a  white  cottony  wool,  more  or  less  floccose  on  the  branches  and  calyxes, 
shorter  on  the  leaves  and  sometimes  disappearing-  from  the  old  ones. 
Leaves  obovate  or  oblong--spathulate,  narrowed  below  the  middle, 
dilated  and  stem-clasping-  at  the  base,  thick  and  much  bullate-rug-ose 
on  the  upper  surface,  reticulate  underneath,  otherwise  flat  or  nearly 
so.  Flowers  all  axillary,  mostly  solitary  on  short  pedicels,  forming" 
sometimes  a  long-  interrupted  leafy  spike.  Bracteoles  short,  linear. 
Calvx  4  to  5  lines  long",  divided  to  the  base  into  5  narrow  somewhat 
spathulate  membranous  seg"ments,  very  thickly  Avoolly  outside.  Corolla 
9  to  10  lines  long-,  the  tube  g-radually  dilated  upwards  but  scarcely 
more  so  than  in  some  species  of  Chloanthes,  upper  lobes  of  the  limb 
erect  and  acute,  lateral  ones  reflexed,  the  lowest  one  rather  larg-er 
than  the  others  and  reflexed.  Upper  pair  of  stamens  about  as  long'  as 
the  corolla-tube,  lower  pair  long-er ;  anther-cells  with  minute  appendag-es. 
Ovary  very  densely  villous  on  a  small  giabrous  disk ;  ovules  attached 
above  the  middle  to  rather  long-  erect  funicles  or  almost  sessile  and 
attached  at  or  near  the  top.  Fruit  not  seen. — Chloanthes  dilatata  or 
Quoija  dialata,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  157. 

VT.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  210. 

9.  P.  cuneata,  Bcnth.  A  rigid  divaricate  shrub,  densely  clothed 
witli  cotton}'  stellate  or  branched  white  or  yellowish  hairs,  more  woolly 

E  2 


5*2  XCII.    VERBENACE^.  [1'itjroiUa. 

and  sometimes  floccose  on  the  branches,  shorter  and  more  scabrous  on 
the  leavps.  Leaves  opposite,  obovate  or  cuneate,  very  obtuse,  contracted 
below  tlie  middlc,  sessile  and  usually  dihitcd  or  almost  auriculate  at  the 
base,  ^  to  |  in.  lonji',  very  thick  and  rcticuhite  on  both  sides,  quite  Hat 
or  the  marg-ins  recurved  only  at  the  narrow  base.  Flowers  "  blue," 
sohtary  or  in  pedunculate  cymes  of  three,  all  axillary.  Ca]yx-h)bes 
ovate,  obtuse,  more  or  less  distinctly  arrang-ed  in  two  Hps  and  about  as 
lon<^  as  the  tube  at  the  time  of  tlowerinp-,  when  in  fruit  more  distinctly 
and  deeply  2-Hpped,  membranous,  reticuhite  and  vcry  woolly  outside. 
Corolla  exceeding-  the  calyx,  very  broadly  campanuhite  above  the  inner 
ring'  of  hairs,  the  lowest  lobe  much  broader  than  the  others.  Stamens 
shortly  exceeding-  the  corolla ;  anther-cells  with  short  appendag-es  at 
the  base.  Fruit  woolly-hairy,  ratlier  above  1  line  long-,  and  broader 
than  long,  dividing  into  two  L'-celled  nuts,  the  cavity  of  their  inner 
faces  broad  short  and  only  slightly  excavated. —  Qjioya  mnicata,  Gaud. 
in  Freyc.  Voy.  Bot.  404,  t.  QQ. 

IV.  Anstralia.  Sharks  Bay,  Gaudichaud;  waste  places,  Sliarks  Baj,  rare,  Milne. 
The  spotiiiuns  cxaniined  being  far  advanced,  the  details  of  the  tlower  are  chiefiy  taken 
from  (iaudicbaud's  ligiirc  aiid  description. 

10.  P.  Oldfieldii,  F.  Mudl.  An  erect  shrub  of  2  to  3  ft.,  the 
branches  and  leaves  thicker  and  more  densely  tomentose-woolly  or 
scabrous-hispid  with  branched  hairs  than  in  any  other  species  except 
P.  verhamm.  Leaves  opposite,  broadly  ovate  obovate  or  almost  rhoni- 
boidal,  ver}'  obtuse,  ilat  but  the  margins  minutely  undulate,  |  to  l|in. 
long,  narrowed  into  a  short  petiole  or  almost  sessile  but  not  dilated  at 
the  base.  Flowers  "  pink,"  solitary,  or  3  together  on  very  short 
axillary  pedunclcs,  rarcly  exceeding  the  leaves,  Calyx  0  to  8  lines 
long,  very  thickly  woollv,  divided  to  nearly  the  middle,  the  lobes 
oblong,  very  obtuse,  memljranous,  3-nerved,  reticulatc,  the  two  upper 
ones  rather  higher  connate  than  the  others.  Corolla  about  |  in.  long, 
tomentose  outside,  much  dihited,  the  lobes  all  broad  and  nearly  equal. 
Anther-appcndagcs  very  distinct.  Ovary  very  woolly-hirsute  ;  ovules 
attached  at  or  ncar  the  top  by  very  short  funiclcs.  Fruit  not  seen  ripe. — 
Chluaiithcs  Ohl/icldii,  F.  Mucll.  i^ragin.  i.  234;  Qnoya  Ohljcldii,  F. 
Muell.  Frao-m.  iv.  80,  but  not  Q.  cuncata  Gaud.,  to  which  it  is  referred 
by  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  l;j?. 

W.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  Oldfield;  Drummond,  Gth  coll.  n.  139. 

11.  P.  atriplicina,  F.  MucU.  A  tall  much-branched  shrub,  white 
or  hoary  Avith  a  dcnse  but  close  and  short  tomentum,  sometimes  looser 
and  almost  tioccose  on  the  branches.  Leaves  opposite,  broadly  ovate 
obovate  or  orbicular,  \  to  above  1  in.  diameter,  contracted  into  a  short 
petiole,  the  venation  usually  concealed  by  the  tomcntum.  Flowers  in 
the  upper  axils,  in  pcdunculate  cymes  or  rarely  solitary,  forming  often 
a  short  broad  leafy  panicle.  Bracts  small.  Calyx  var^-ing  from  3  to 
5  lines  in  length,  the  tube  ovoid  or  turbinjite,  the  lobes  ovate  or 
oblong,  obtuse,  shorter  than  the  tube.  Corolla  0  to  8  lines  lono- 
tomentose  outside,  much  dihited,  the  lobes  short  and  broad,  the  lowest 


ritjl'()dia.\  XCII.    VERBENACE^.  63 

tAvice  as  larg-e  as  tlie  othors  and  very  broad.  Aiithers  of  the  lower 
stamens  with  appendag-es  to  one  or  to  both  of  the  cells,  of  the  upper 
stamens  usually  without  appendag-es.  Ovary  densely  tomentose, 
ovules  attached  at  or  near  the  top  with  very  short  funicles.  Fruit 
not  seen. — Chloanthes  atriplicina,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  i.  235 ;  Quoya  atri- 
plicina,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  iv.  80. 

W.  Australia.  Miirchison  river,  Oldfield ;  Drummond,  (Sth  coU.  n.  138;  Sharks 
Bay,  Maitland  Broicn. 

12.  P.  paniculata,  F.  MiieU.  Evidently  nearly  allied  to  P.  atri- 
plicina,  with  the  same  close  white  indumentum,  and  perhaps  a  variety  or 
even  a  ihtferent  state  only  of  the  same  species,  but  only  known  from  a 
small  frag-ment,  showing-  looser  cymes  with  very  small  oblong-  lloral 
leaves  and  smaller  tiowers,  the  calyx  rather  more  deeply  divided  into 
oblong'-spathuhite  or  ahuost  obovate  lobes.  The  structure  of  the 
flowers  appears  to  be  the  same  as  that  of  P.  atriplicina. — Chloanthes 
panicidata,  or  Quoya  paniculata,  F.  Muell.  Frag'm.  iv.  80, 
W.  Australia.     Sharks  Bay,  Maitland  Bi-own  {Eerb.  F.  MuelL). 

11.  CYANOSTEGIA.     Turczan. 
(Bunnya,  F.  Muell.) 

Calyx  broadly  campanuhite,  expanding-  after  flow^ering",  opening-  very 
flat,  membranous,  reticuhite,  the  marg-in  sinuate-toothed  or  5-lobed. 
CoroUa  broadly  campanuh^te,  g-hibroiis  inside,  the  limb  5-lobed,  the 
2  upper  lobes  rather  long-er  than  the  3  lower.  Stamens  4,  inserted 
near  the  base  of  the  coroUa ;  anthers  larg-e,  oblong-,  without  appendag-es. 
Ovary  small,  depressed,  2-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell  laterally 
attached;  style  elong-ated,  minutely  and  often  unequally  2-lobed. 
Fruit  in  the  centre  of  the  enhirg-ed  calyx,  small,  hard,  usually  more  or 
less  obhque,  and  ripening- 1  or  2  ascending-  or  oblique  seeds,  resembling* 
those  of  Chloanthes  and  Pityrodia. — Ghibrous  and  apparently  g-lutinous 
shrubs.  Leaves  opposite,  undivided,  not  decurrent,  the  upper  floral 
ones  reduced  to  small  bracts.  Peduncles  axillary,  1-  or  3-flowered, 
forming'  a  loose  terminal  panicle.     Bracteoles  small. 

The  genus  is  Hmited  to  Australia,  and  nearly  allied  to  the  two  preceding  ones 
althongh  without  any  cottony  wool. 

Leaves    linear,    often  folded  lengthwise 1.   C.  avgustifolia, 

Leaves    lanceolate,    flat 2.    C.  lanceolata. 

Leaves   cuiieate-oblong 3.   C.  Bunnyana. 

1.  C.  angustifolia,  Tnrcz.  in  Bull.  Soc.  Inip.  Nut.  Mosc.  1849,  ii.  36. 
An  erect  g-hibrous  shrub,  the  upper  part  often  appearing'  g'lutinous. 
Leaves  linear,  obtuse  or  with  a  short  hooked  point,  flat  or  concave 
with  the  margins  folded  inwards,  often  bordered  by  small  distant  teeth, 
1  to  2  in.  long",  rather  thick  and  nerveless,  the  floral  ones  much  smaller, 
the  upper  ones  reduced  to  small  bracts.  Peduncles  opposite,  the 
upper  ones  usually  short,  1-flowered,  with  a  pair  of  small  bracteoles 
under  the  calyx,  the  lower  ones  often  3-flowered  or  g-rowing"  out  into  a 
flowering-  branch,  the  whole  forming-  a  loose  pyramidal  panicle.     Calyx 


54  Xni.    VKUBE.VACE^E.  [CiJ(inostcflil(. 

at  tlie  tiino  of  floworinp'  not  niucli  long-er  tlian  the  corolla,  when  ex- 
panded  undor  the  fruit  as  much  as  |  in.  diameter,  pubescent  outside,  of 
a  hluoi.sli  hiu\  irro^-uhirly  sinuate-toothed  or  more  deeply  and  broadly 
6-lohod.  Corolhi  nearly"  8  lines  h)nji-,  apparently  purj^le,  pubescent 
outside,  the  lobos  shorter  than  the  tube.  Antliers  shortly  i^rotruding-, 
Fi-uit  not  soon  perfect. — C.  iiifrr//ir(Iia,  Turcz.  h  c. 

W.  Australia,   Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  140,  Ath  coll.  n.  161. 

2.  C.  lanceolata,  T/t/-c-.  i/i  BuU.  S(/c.  I//ip.  Nat.  Mosc.  1849,  ii.  35. 
An  erect  g-hibrous  shrub  closely  alhed  to  C.  a/)fjmtifolia,  and  united 
witli  it  by  F.  Muelh  Frag-m.  vi.  154,  under  the  name  of  C.  Tti/-czani/iovii, 
but  tlie  leaves,  in  the  numerous  specimens  seen,  are  constantly  hm- 
ceohite  and  flat,  varyino-  from  1  in.  to  above  2  in.  in  leng-th.  Flowers 
rather  hirger  and  more  numerous  tlian  in  C.  a//fittstifolia.  Fruit  small, 
hard,  dopressed,  liirsute  with  long-  branclied  hairs,  most  frequently 
l-soo(h'd. 

W.  Australia,   Dnnnmoiul,  {\st  coll.  ?)  n  440,  3rd  coU.  n.  139. 

3.  C.  Bunnyana,  F.  Mitell.  F/-afi//i.  v.  36.  An  erect  g-hibrous  and 
apjiarontl}'  ghitinous  shrub  of  3  to  4  ft.  closely  resembling  the  two 
other  s])ecios,  except  that  the  leaves  are  cuneate-oblong-  and  slightly 
toothod  towards  the  end,  and  the  flowers  form  a  very  long  narrow 
panicle  in  the  few  specimens  seen.  Calyx  cpiite  g-labrous  outside,  and 
usually  more  entire  than  in  the  other  species,  but  some  calyxes  of 
C.  a/if/ustifolia  are  in  Hke  manner  only  sHghtly  sinuate-toothed.  Fruit 
hirsute  witli  branched  hairs  as  in  C.  la/iccolatu. — Bu///i/ja  ctja/iocaJijx, 
F.  Muelh  Fragm.  v.  30,  t.  39. 

N.  Australia.     Roebuck  Bay,  N.W.  Coast,  Martin. 

The  three  bpecies,  as  suggested  hy  F.  Mueller,  may  prove  to  be  forms  of  one  very 
variable  species,  but  as  yet  we  have  iio  intenueJiates. 

12.  DENISONIA,  F.  :\ruen. 

Calyx  10-ril)ljed,  dividod  to  tho  middlo  into  5  narrow  lobes,  not  much 
enlarged  aftor  flowering.  Corolhi-tube  not  much  dilated,  limb  2-lippod, 
the  upper  lip  erect  with  2  spreading-  lobes,  the  lower  li})  3-lobed, 
spreading-.  Stamens  4,  inserted  above  the  middle  of  the  tube,  shortly 
exserted ;  anther-cells  divergent,  Avithout  appendag-es.  Ovary  2-celled, 
with  2  ovules  in  each  cell  laterally  attached  near  the  top.  Style  fili- 
form,  very  shortly  2-lobed.  Fruit  dry,  4-celled,  the  endocarp 
separating  into  two  2-celled  nuts.  Seed  solitary  in  each  cell,  albuminous. 
— Aromatic  shrub,  scarcely  tomontose.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  3  or 
scattered,  not  decurrent.  Jlowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  on  short 
pcdicels,  with  a  pair  of  bracteoles  under  the  calyx. 

The  geiius  is  hniited  to  a  siiigle  species,  endcmic  in  Australia  and  scarcely  diflering 
from  Odoanthes,  exccpt  in  tiie  non-decunent  leaves. 

1.  D.  temifolia,  F.  Mmll.  Frafjm.  i.  124,  t.  2.  An  erect  slirub  of 
several  ft.  with  a  strong-  aromatic  odour,  the  branches  virg-ate,  clothod 
with   a   short    glandular    tomentum    intermixed   with    long-    slightly 


Deniso/liti.]  XCII.    VERBENACE^.  55 

branclied  spreading"  hairs.  Leaves  sessile,  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acute  and 
mucronate,  bordered  by  acute  mueronate  teeth,  |  to  l^  in.  long-,  rig-id 
but  not  thick,  sprinkled  with  short  hairs,  nearly  smooth  above,  with 
ver}"  strong-  raised  veins  and  reticuhitions  underneath.  Flowers  shorter 
than  the  leaves,  the  bracteoles  Hnear,  acute.  Calyx  narrow  campanu- 
hite,  about  4  or  at  leng-th  5  Hnes  long,  the  lobes  lanceolate,  acute. 
Corolla-tube  rather  shorter  than  the  calyx,  hairy  inside  below  the 
insertion  of  the  stamens  ;  the  upper  Hp  usually  shorter  than  the  lower, 
and  tlie  middle  lower  lobe  usuaHy  but  not  always  elongated.  Ovary 
toinentose  at  the  top.  Fruit  oblong-,  attenuate  at  the  base,  nearly  2 
Hnes  long",  tomentose.     Seeds  narrow,  tapering  at  the  base. 

N".  Australia.  TowarJs  the  sources  of  the  Seven-Emu  and  M'Arthur  rivers, 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  F.  Mueller. 

13.   SPARTOTHAMNUS,  A.  Cunn. 

Calyx  very  open,  5-lobed.  CoroHa-tube  short  and  broad ;  Hmb 
spreading,  6-lobed,  the  middle  lower  lobe  rather  hirger  than  the  others. 
Stamens  4,  exserted ;  anther-ceHs  with  minute  tips  at  the  lower  end. 
Style  fiHform,  with  2  rather  long  branches.  Ovary  imperfectly 
S-ceHed,  with  2  ovules  in  each  ceH  hiteraHy  attached  at  or  above  the 
middle.  Fruit  a  smaH  globuhir  succulent  drupe,  the  endocarp  sepa- 
rating  into  4  1-seeded  pyrenes,  usuaHy  separated  at  the  base  by  a  central 
cavit}'.  Seeds  albuminous.  —  Shrub  or  undershrub,  with  few  smaH 
distant  leaves,  aH  opposite  and  not  decurrent.  Flowers  very  small, 
soHtary  in  the  axils,  with  smaH  bracteoles. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  a  single  species,  endemic  in  Australia,  very  nearly  allied  to 
Pityrodia,  but  with  a  different  habit,  and  difters  from  all  the  preceding  genera  by  its 
succulent  drape,  and  from  the  follo^^ang  ones  by  its  albuminous  seeds  and  solitary 
tiowers. 

1.  S.  junceus,  A.  Cunn.  in  Luud.  Hort.  Brit.  600,  and  in  Walp.  Rep. 
vi.  694.  An  undershrub  or  shrub  of  several  ft.,  glabrous  or  pubescent 
with  branching'  hairs,  the  branches  divaricate,  rigid,  acutely  4-angled, 
brooniHke  and  appearing  ahnost  lealless,  the  smaHer  branchlets  often 
2  or  3  togetlier  at  the  nodes.  Leaves  smaH  and  distant,  often  reduced 
to  smaH  scales,  aU  opposite,  when  more  developed  especiaHy  on  young- 
shoots  :j  to  ^  in.  long,  hmceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  entire  or  with  a 
few  coarse  teeth,  the  margins  recurved.  Flowers  veiy  smaH,  on  short 
pedicels  with  2  smaH  bracteoles  about  the  middle.  Calyx  about  1  Hne 
long-.  CoroHa  shortly  exceeding  the  calyx,  the  tube  broad,  with  a  ring 
of  short  hairs  inside  near  the  top,  the  lobes  rather  longer  than  the  tube. 
Ovary  glabrous.  Fruit  quite  smooth,  (orang-e-red .''),  1  to  2  Hnes 
diameter. — A.  DC.  Prod.  xi.  705. 

Queensland.  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunnijigham ;  Suttor  range  and 
Burnet  river,  F.  Jlueller;  Wide  Bay,  LeichharOt ;  Cape  and  Isaacs  rivers,  Buicman ; 
sandbtone  ritlges  of  the  iuterior,  Mitchell;  ArmadiOa,  Burton. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Steriie  country,  Mount  Aiton,  Peers  Range,  A.  Cunningham; 
Macleay  and  Clarence  rivers,  Beckltr  ;  New  Englaud,  C.  Stuart. 

This  plant  had  been  placed  in  Myoporineae  and  retained  there  by  A.  De  Candolle 


5(>  xcii.   VKunKXACK^.  [S/MtrfofJi/ininus. 

(who  hail  110  spec-imcns  iii  an  examinable  state)  owins  to  Walpers  having  erroneoiisly 
describr(l  tlie  rndiclc  as  Biipprior.  F.  IMncller,  in  referrins  it  correctly  to  Verbenaceae 
(Krajm.  vi.  15;i)  adduces  TtucriiHnm,  llook  f  froni  Ncw  Zealand,  as  a  second  species, 
which  liowever  can  .'•carccly  bc  adniitted— the  aiithcrs  and  lobcd  ovary  and  fruit  of 
the  lattcr  plant  showing  a  nearer  rehition  to  Oxera  and  a  fcw  other  genera  which 
conncct  Verbcnaceae  with  ihe  tribe  Ajugoideae  of  Labiatre.  Tiie  albuminous  seeds 
branching  hairs  and  other  characters  of  Spartuthumnus  are  quite  those  of  Chloanthese. 

SuBTRiBE  2.  EUVITICE.S3.  —  Ovary  not  at  all  or  scarcely  lobed. 
Fruit  a  drupe.  Slirubs  or  trees.  Flowers  in  cymes  or  clusters,  axillary 
or  in  terminal  corymbose  or  racemose  panicles.  Seeds  witliout  albumen, 
(or  with  a  scanty  albumen  in  some  species  of  Vitex?). 

14.   CALLICARPA,  Linn. 

Calyx  truncate  or  4-  rarely  5-toothed.  CoroIIa  with  a  short  tube, 
the  linib  spreading-,  of  4,  rareh'  5,  lobes,  nearly  equal.  Stamens  4, 
rarely  0,  shortly  exserted.  Ovary  4-ceIIed,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell 
h^torally  attached  at  or  above  the  middle ;  style  filiform,  dilated  and 
truncate  or  very  shortly  l?-Iobed.  Fruit  a  small  succulent  drupe,  the 
endocarp  of  4  distinct  1-seeded  nuts  or  p^-renes.  Seed  without  albumen. 
— Shrubs,  rarel}'  unders]irul)s,  more  or  less  cottony  or  woolly  with 
stellate  hairs  or  rarely  j;Iabrous,  and  often  with  numerous  resiuous 
glandular  dots  especially  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaves.  Leaves 
opposite,  undivided.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary  cymes,  with  ver}^  small 
bracts. 

A  considerable  tropical  and  snbtropical  gcniis,  cbiefly  Asiatic,  with  a  few  African 
and  American  species.  Of  tbe  three  Australian  species  two  are  widcly  di.spersed  over 
tlic  Indian  Arcbipclago,  one  of  thcm  extendinu'  to  the  Kbasia  moimtains  aiid  tlie  othcr 
at  least  to  the  Jlaiayan  Peninsubi ;  thc  third,  supposed  to  be  cndemic  in  Australia,  is 
also  perliaps  not  sufficitntly  distinct  from  anothcr  Asiatic  specics.  The  genus  is  most 
readily  distinguisbed  from  Premna  by  the  infiorescence,  and  by  the  flowers  raore 
regular  with  isomcrous  staniens.  The  differences  in  the  fruit  may  not  be  constant. 
Leaves    acute    at    the    base,    glabrous    above,    whitetomentose 

nnderneath.     Cymes   dense.     Corolla  glabrous 1.   C  cana. 

Leaves    rounded  at  the  base,  pubescent  or  velvety  above,    some- 

what    floccose    undcrncath.     Cymes  dense.     Corolla    glabrous 

or  neariy  so,  lilac  or  purple       2.   C.  pedunculata. 

Lcaves  acute  at  thc   base,    green  on   both  sides.      Cymes    very 

loose.     Corolla  denscly  pubesceiit,  white     ........     3.  C  lomjifolia. 

1.  C.  cana,  IJnn.  Mant.  198.  A  "small  shrub,"  the  tomenttun  close 
and  short,  usually  white,  slightly  floccose  on  the  older  branches. 
Leaves  petiolate,  ovate,  very  shortly  acuminate  ;  bordered  by  rather 
broad  more  or  less  mucronate  teeth,  acutely  narrowed  at  the  base,  2  to 
y  in.  long-  in  most  of  the  Australian  specimens,  much  larger  and  more 
acumiiuite  in  those  froiu  tlie  Iudian  Anhipelag-o,  glabrous  above  when 
full-g-rown  exc('])t  a  slig-ht  tomeutum  on  the  principal  veins  which  is 
rather  more  al)uiidant  in  I{.  ]Jrown's  specimens,  memliranous  when 
lare-e,  rather  firmer  and  more  rugose  when  small,  white-tomentose 
undorneath.  Flowers  small,  in  rathor  dense  cymes,  the  common 
peduncle  usually  about  as  long-  as  the  petiole.     Calyx  about  |  line  lon"-. 


Callicarpa.]  xcii.  verbenace^.  57 

minutely  4-  or  5-tootlieil.  Corolla  g-labrous,  twiee  as  long-  as  tlie  calyx. 
iStaniens  exserted ;  anthers  with  small  g-hinds  along"  the  connectivum. 
Drupe  depressed-globuhir,  not  above  1  line  diameter,  slig-htly  succulent, 
the  endocarp  of  4  hard  nuts. — Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  643 ;  C.  adenan- 
thcm,  R.  Br.  Prod.  513. 

N.  Australia.  Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Groote  Island,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria, 
R.  Brown. 

Queensland,  Bowman;  Edgeconibe  Bay  and  Port  Denison,  Dallachy ;  Gilbert 
river,  Daintree. 

Tlie  species  extends  over  the  Indian  Archipelago  to  the  Malayan  pe.ninsula  and  the 
Phiiippine  islands.  The  Tinior  and  Javatiese  specimens,  correctly  reterred  here  by 
Scliauer,  ditier  but  sHghtly  froin  the  Austrah'an  ones  in  their  larger  more  acuminate 
leaves.  The  figure  iii  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2107,  represents  a  miich  more  wooily  plant,  but  is 
perhaps  a  variety  only.  C.  bicolor,  Juss.,  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  642,  and  C  erioclona, 
Schau.  1.  c.  643,  appear  to  me  both  to  be  precisely  the  conimon  Archipelago  form  of 
C.  cana.  The  C  udenanthera  referred  by  Schauer  with  doubt  to  C.  longlfolia  Lam. 
appears  to  me  to  be  the  true  C  cana. 

2.  C.  pedunculata,  li.  Br.  Prod.  513.  A  shrub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  with  the 
tomentum  rather  loose  and  more  or  less  Hoccose  on  the  branches. 
Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  ovate-hmceohite,  acuminate  with  the  point 
often  rather  long",  rounded  or  scarcely  contracted  at  the  base,  usually 
3  or  4  in.  long-  in  the  Australian  specimens,  soft  g-reen  and  velvety  with 
scattered  hairs  above,  more  tomentose  underneath  but  not  very  w^hite. 
Cymes  rather  loose,  the  peduncle  often  shortly  exceeding-  the  petiole. 
Flowers  of  C.  cana,  the  coroUa  purplish  or  lilac.  Fruit  usually  much 
hirg-er  than  in  tliat  species,  the  succulent  drupes  often  at  least  \^  lines 
diameter,  purple  when  fresh. — C.  dentata,  Roth  ?  in  Wall.  Cat.  n.  6319, 
but  probably  not  the  true  plant  of  Roth ;  C.  lanata,  Schau.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xi.  644,  not  of  Lam. 

Queensland.  Northumberland  islands,  Broad  Sound  and  Shoalwater  Bay,  R. 
Brown;  Endeavour  river,  ^l.  Cunningham ;  Dawson  river,  F.  Mueller  ;  Eockingham 
Bay  and  Rockhampton,  iJaZ/ac/t^  and  others ;  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  W.  Hdl, 
F.  Mueller  and  others. 

N.  S.  V^ales.     Clarence  river,  Beclder ;  Tweed  river,  C.  Moore. 

The  species  is  also  in  the  Archipelago,  and  is  closely  allied  to  tlie  widely  diffused  C. 
macrophijlla,  Vahh  Schauer  refers  it  to  "  C.  lanata,  Vahl.  Symb.  iii.  13,"  but,  if  he  had 
turned  to  the  page  he  quotes,  he  would  have  seen  that  the  name  is  Liunaeus',  not 
Vahl's,  and  relates  to  the  very  difterent  Ceylou  species  which  Schauer  has  published 
as  new  under  the  name  of  C.  Wallichiana. 

3.  C.  lozigifolia,  Lam.  ex.  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  645,  hut  not  C. 
adenanthera,  Br.  A  shrub  of  several  ft.,  the  tomentum  short,  not  so 
abundant  as  in  most  species  and  rarely  whitish,  althoug-h  sometimes 
reddish  on  the  young-  slioots.  Leaves  petiolate,  oblong"  or  oblong*- 
hmceolate,  acuminate  with  a  long-  point,  serrate,  much  narrowed  at  the 
base,  4  to  6  in.  or  even  longer,  membranous,  g-reen  and  nearly  g-hibrous 
or  sprinkled  with  very  short  hairs  above,  more  copiously  tomentose  and 
glandular  underneath  but  usually  gTeen  or  very  shglitly  rusty  or 
whitish.  Plowers  "  white,"  smaller  than  in  the  other  species,  in  very 
loose  repeatedly  forked  cymes,  the  common  peduncle  scarcely  exceeding- 
the  petiole,  but  the  branches  elongated  and  slender.  Calyx  about  |  line 


r)R  XCII.    VEHBKNACE.i:.  [CuUico rpu . 

long-.  Corulhi  about  1  line,  })ubesecnt  outs;ide.  Fruit  globular,  wbite, 
about  1  line  diameter. 

Queensland.     Eockingham  Bay,  Dallachij. 

The  spctics  is  widely  spread  over  the  Indian  Archipelago,  cxtending  into  India  to 
Khasia  and  East  Bengal. 

15.  PREMNA,  Linn. 

Calyx  truncate  or  sinuately  tootlied.  Corolla-tube  sbort,  the  linib  of 
3,  4  OT  rarely  5  short  teeth  or  lobes,  nearly  equal  or  slig-htly  2- 
lipped.  Stamens  4,  shorter  than  the  corolla  or  rarely  exserted.  Ovar}^ 
4-celled,  with  1  ovule  in  each  cell  laterally  attached  at  or  above  the 
middle.  Style  filiforin,  with  2  short  acute  stio-matic  lobes.  Fruit  a 
small  succulent  drupe,  with  a  hard  4-celled  undivided  kernel.  Seeds 
solitary  in  each  cell,  without  albumen. — Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  op- 
posite,  undivided.  Flowers  sinall,  in  terminal  trichotomous  panicles, 
or  in  opposite  cymes  or  chisters  forming"  a  terniinal  spike-like  thyrsus. 

A  considerable  genus,  liniited  to  the  tropical  and  subtropical  regions  of  tlie  Old 
AVorld.  Althoui;h  some,  espL'cially  among  the  Asiatic  species,  are  vcry  well  niarked, 
tliere  are  a  nuniber  of  forms  incliiding  the  P.  integrifolia  •,md  P.  serratifolia  of  Linnfeus 
vhich  seem  to  pass  into  each  other  by  numerous  intermediates,  and  it  would  require  a 
iiiuch  niore  detailed  study  of  good  s[>eciniens  from  diffcrent  localities  than  can  now  be 
devoted  to  them,  to  determine  whether  or  not  they  can  be  classed  into  tolerably  dis- 
tinct  races.  To  these  would  belong  the  first  two  of  the  following  Austialian  fornis  here 
regardpd  as  species,  the  next  two  are  rather  more  distinct  and  apparently  endemic  ; 
the  fifth,  also  endemic,  is  a  much  more  marked  one. 

Calyx  very  shortly  and  obtusely  3  lobed  or  obsciirely  2-lipped. 

Leaves  very  obtuse.    Corolla-tube  scarcelyexceeding  the  calyx     1.  P.  ohtudfolia. 

Leaves    shortly  acuminate.     Corolla-tube  nearly  twice  as  long 

as  the  calyx 2.  P.  integrifolia. 

Calyx  with    a    somewhat  expanded  obscurely  toothed    margin. 

Leaves  acuminate,  thin,  glabrous,  the  petiole  short      ....     3.  P.  limbata. 
Calyx  5-toothed,  the  margin  not  dilated. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  on  rather  short  petioles        ....     4.  P.  Dallachianu. 

Leaves  deltoid,  much  acuminate  (Poplar-like),  on  long  petioles     5.  P.  acuminata. 

1.  P.  obtusifolia,  li.  Br.  Prod.  512.  A  shrub  of  3  to  6  feet, 
g"labrous  in  the  typical  form  except  a  minute  j)ubescence  on  the  inilo- 
rescence  and  sometimes  a  row  of  hairs  along-  the  principal  veins  on  the 
underside  of  the  leaves.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  obovate  or  almost 
orbicular,  usually  broadly  obtuse,  very  rarely  with  a  short  obtuse 
point,  cordate  or  very  obtuse  at  the  base,  mostly  3  to  6  in.  long-  and 
sometimes  nearly  as  broad,  the  petiole  varying-  from  ;^  to  1  in.  in  leng-th. 
Flowers  white  or  g-reenish,  often  ver}'  nuiuerous,  in  terminal  tricho- 
tomous  corymbose  ])anicles,  sometiines  shorter  than  tlie  leaves,  some- 
times  G  to  8  in.  diameter.  Bracts  very  small  and  narrow.  Calyx 
rarely  above  1  line  long-  and  usually  rather  sliorter,  obscurely  aiad 
irreg-ul.irly  ^-lij^ped,  or  ratlier  very  shortly  and  broadly  3-lobe"d,  the 
upper  lobe  broador  tlian  tlie  others  and  entire  or  obscurely  3-toothed, 
the  two  lower  lobes  entire,  tlie  whole  calyx  spreading-  open  under  the 
fruit  but  not  othorwise  enlarged.  Corolla-tube  about  as  long-  as  the 
calyx,  very  hairy  inside  at  the  throat,  the  limb  as  long-  as  the  tube, 


Pirmim.]  xcii.  verbenaceje.  59 

4-lobed,  tlie  npper  inner  lobe  rather  larg-er  and  less  spreading-  tban  the 
others.  Stamens  inserted  in  the  throat  and  nearly  as  long-  as  the  lobes. 
Stvle  with  very  short  stig-matic  lobes.  Drupe  2  to  t?^  linos  diameter. 
— Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  (J8? ;  P.  glycycocca,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  iii.  36. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  tlie  Gulf  of  Carpentaria  ancl  shores  of  the  niainland, 
i?.  Brown,  Henne,  Hiilse. 

Queensland.  Kockiugham  Bay,  Dallachy ;  islands  off  the  coast  frora  Cape  York 
toCape  Fhitterj,  F.  MueUer,  W.  Hill,  Htnne. 

Very  closely  allied  to  soine  maritime  fovms  o^  P.  integrifolia  but  the  leaves  more 
obtuse,  of  a  firmer  consistence,  and  the  corolla  tube  shorter.  These  characters  may  not 
however  prove  constant. 

P.  attennata,  R.  Br.  Prod.  512,  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  637,  may  possibly  be  a 
variety  of  P.  ohtusifolia,  with  leaves  of  the  same  consistence  aud  equally  obtuse  and  a 
similar  inflorescence,  but  the  leaves  are  narrow-obovate  or  oblong  and  cuneate  or  nar- 
rowed  at  the  base.  There  is  however  iu  Brown's  herbarium  only  a  single  speciuien  in 
fruit  from  the  N.  Coast,  insufficient  for  determining  whether  it  be  really  distinct. 

Var.  V  velutina.  Leaves  softly  tomentose  on  both  sides,  otherwise  the  foliage  and 
flowers  quite  those  of  P.  ohtusifolia — Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy ,  who  notes  that  it  is 
a  small  tree  with  a  spreading  head. 

2.  P.    integrifolia,   Linn.  ?   var.     A   tree   or   shrub,   either   quite 

flabrous  or  with  a  slig'ht  pubescence  on  the  foliag"e  and  inflorescence. 
leaves  ovate,  shortly  acuniinate,  broad  or  rather  narrow,  usually  rather 
smaller  than  in  P.  oUiisiJbUa.  Inflorescence  and  calyx  entirely  as 
in  that  species,  but  the  corolla  (in  the  Australian  form)  larg-er,  the 
tube  nearlv  twice  as  long-  as  the  calvx. — P.  ovata  and  P.  mcdia,  R.  Br. 
Prod.  Ql2;  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  637. 

N.  Australia.     Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  li.  Brown. 

The  specimens  I  saw  in  Brown's  herbarium  did  not  appear  to  me  to  be  at  all  diffe- 
rent  from  some  Asiatic  onos  of  P.  integrifolia,  a  very  common  sea-coast  plant  united  by 
Schauer  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  632  with  P.  serratifolia,  Linn.,  under  tlie  hitter  name,  which 
however  appears  to  be  the  least  appropriate  of  the  two  Linuaean  ones  for  the  consuJi- 
dated  species.  The  whole  question  however  of  the  species  of  Premna  requires  a 
thorough  revision. 

3.  P.  limbata,  Bmth.  A  climbing-  shrub  (Dallach//),  the  young- 
branches  and  inflorescence  minutely  tomentose.  Leaves  ovate,  mostly 
acuminate,  rounded  or  broadly  cordate  at  the  base,  4  to  6  in.  long-, 
membranous,  g-labrous  or  pubescent  along-  the  veins  underneath,  the 
petioles  1  in.  long-  or  more.  Panicles  trichotomous,  but  not  so  spread- 
ing-  as  in  P.  obtnsifoUa  and  the  flowers  larg-er,  the  pedicels  often  above 
1  line  long".  Calyx  fally  1  line  long-,  the  marg'in  slig'htly  expanded 
into  broad  very  short  obtuse  or  retuse  teeth.  Corolla-tube  twice  as 
long-  as  the  calyx,  the  upper  inner  lobe  not  much  larg-er  than  the 
others. 

Queensland.     Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

■i.  P.  Dallachyana,  Benth.  A  fine  spreading-  shrub  (DaUacht/),  the 
young-er  branches  and  inflorescence  minutely  tomeutose,  the  older 
branches  g-labrous  with  a  lig'ht-coloured  bark,  the  foliag-e  usually  drying' 
black.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  entire,  obtuse  or  narrowed  at  the 
base,  mostly  2  to  3  in.  long-,  g-labrous  or  scarcely  pubescent  along-  the 
principal  veins   underneatli.     Panicles   trichotomous,   corymbose,    not 


60  xcii.  VERBENACE.E.  [Prcmnu. 

larg-e.  Calyx  scarcely  1  line  long-,  raore  or  less  distinctly  5-tootlied, 
the  teetli  very  short,  acute  or  obtuse  but  not  dilated.  Corolla-tube 
twice  as  lung-  as  tlie  calyx  and  considerably  dilated  upwards,  hairy 
inside  at  the  throat,  the  lobes  broad,  the  u})]»er  inner  one  larg-er  than 
tlie  otliers  but  entire.  Staniens  iisually  long-er  than  the  corolla. 
Drupe  depressed-g-lobular,  not  usually  exceeding-  the  calyx. 

Queensland.  Port  Dciiison  and  in  the  scrub  about  Edgecombe  Bay,  Dallachy ; 
Fort  Cooper,  Boinnan.  The  calvx-lobes  are  moie  obtuse  and  irregular  in  the  Edge- 
combe  Bay  specimens  than  in  the  others. 

5.  P.  acTiminata,  H.  Br.  Prod.  512.  A  small  tree  of  spreading 
habit,  tlie  inHnrcsconce  and  foliag-e  more  or  less  boary  with  a  short 
dose  tomentum.  Leaves  broadly  cordate-ovate,  deltoid  or  almost 
rhomboidal,  acuminate,  entire  or  coarsely  and  irreg'uhirly  toothed,  2  to 
4  in.  long',  more  or  less  pubescent  or  tomentose  on  botli  sides,  3-  or  5- 
nerved  (the  first  and  often  the  second  pair  of  primary  veins  starting 
from  tlie  base  of  the  midrib),  the  j)etioles  usually  more  than  half  as 
long-  as  the  leaves.  Panicles  very  loose,  the  primary  branches  triclio- 
tomous,  the  ulterior  ones  dichotomous,  the  whole  panicle  sometimes 
8  to  10  in.  broad.  Flowers  nearly  sessile.  Calyx  tomentose,  nearly 
l^  lines  long-,  shortly  and  obtusely  5-tootlied  but  the  3  upper  teeth 
usually  smaller  and  sometimes  united  as  in  P.  ohtnsifoUa.  Corolla-tube 
shortly  exserted,  the  lobes  ovate,  sliorter  than  the  tube,  the  upper 
inner  one  not  very  different  from  the  others.  Drupe  depressed- 
g-lobular,  about  2  lines  diameter. — Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  63?;  F. 
Muell.  Frag-m.  iii.  3G ;  P.  cordata,  R.  Br.  1.  c. ;    Schau.  1.  c. 

N.  Australia.  Ishinds  oF  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria  and  adjoiiiing  niainland,  B. 
Brmvn,  Henne ;  Point  Cunningham,  Cygnet  Bay,  N.  W.  coast,  and  Goiilburn  islands, 
A  Ciinmnijham  ;  Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller  ;  Escape  Cliffs,  Huhe;  also  from  M'Douall 
IStuarCs  L'xjjedition. 

Ihe  species  is  readily  distinguished  bj  its  PopLir-like  foliage  and  loose  inflorescence. 

16.  CLERODENDRON,  Linn. 

Calyx  campanulate  or  intiated,  5-toothed  or  5-lobed,  enlarged  and 
spreadmg-  under  the  fruit  (except  in  C.  hemidcrma  and  in  some  species 
not  Australian).  CoroIIa-tube  slender,  often  very  long- ;  limb  spreading- 
nearly  equally  5-Iobed.  Stamens  4,  exserted  and  often  very  lono-'. 
Ovary  4-celled,  with  1  ovtde  in  each  cell  laterally  attached  at  or  above 
the  muldle.  Style  filiform,  with  2  short  acute  stigmatic  lobes.  Fruit 
a  more  or  less  succulent  or  almost  dry  drupe,  the  endocarp  separatino- 
into  4  one-celled  or  rarely  into  2  two-celled  pyrenes.— Trees  or  shrubs 
or  rarely  herbs  or  woody  climbers.  Leaves  opposite  or  in  whorls. 
i<lowers  in  loose  heads  or  cymes,  usually  forming-  terminal  corymbose 
or  tliyrsoid  panicles  or  rarely  axillarv. 

A  considerable  tropical  genns  chiefly  Asiatic,  with  a  few  African  or  Amorican  specirs. 

v^ell  Le  lai.ed  to  ten  or  eleven,  or  redu.cd  to  four  or  five-„ne  is  a  sea-coast  plant  widely 
spread  over  tropical  AMa,  ihe  others  appear  to  be  endemic. 


Clcrudcndron.]  xcii.  vekbenace.e.  61 

Calyx  niinutcly  tootlied. 

Woody  climber.     Flowers  small  in  compact  cymes.     Corolla- 

tube  3  lines  long.     Fruit  oblnng,  pubesuent,  siuill  .     .     .     .   1.    C.  hemider.na. 
Erect  shrub.    Flowers  few  in  axillary  loose  cyraes.    Corolla-tube 

1  in.  long.     Fruit  obovoid,  glabrous,  ratlier  large     .     .     .     .  2.   C.  inenne. 
Calyx  5-lobed  to  tlie  miildie. 

Corolla-tube  about  3  lines  long.     Stamens  shortly  exserted. 

Leaves  large  and  broad 3.   C.  Tractjanun. 

Corolla-tube  f  to  nearly  1  iu.  loiig.      Stamens  long.     Leaves 
usually  tomentose. 
Lcaves  usually  broad.     Flowers  mostly  in  dense  terniinal 

corymbs _ 4.   C  tomen'omm. 

Leaves  usually  narrow.     FJowers  niostly  in  a.^illary  cymes    .  5.    C.  lanceolatum. 
Corolia-tube  1  to  Ijin.  long.     Stamens  long.     Leaves  usually 

glabrous  or  tomentose  only  wben  young 6.    C.  floribundum. 

Corolla-tube  2  in.  long  or  more.      Stamens   long.     Leaves  of 

C.floribnndum      .     .     .    _ 7.   C.  Cunninghamii. 

Sp'.!cies  insufSciently  known,  witli  broad  tomentose,   very  rugose 

leaves 8.   C  costatum. 

1.  C.  hemiderma,  F.  Mucll.  A  tall  woody  climber,  the  youno- 
parts  and  inllorescence  more  or  less  hoary-piibescent,  the  leaves  b..'- 
coming-  g-labrous  when  full-gTown.  Leaves  shortly  petiohite,  broadlv 
ovate,  obtuse  or  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate,  mostly  2  to  3  in.  loni;-, 
g-reen  on  both  sides.  Flowers  small  for  the  g-enus,  numerous,  in  rather 
compact  trichotomous  cymes  either  terminal  or  on  short  branches  or 
lealless  divaricate  peduncles  in  the  upper  axils.  Primary  bracts  some- 
times  oblong--lanceohite  and  contracted  into  a  petiole,  but  most  of  theni 
very  small  and  narrow.  Calyx  shortly  pedicellate,  narrow-campanu- 
late  or  obovoid,  about  Ih  lines  long-,  with  5  minute  teeth.  Corolla- 
tube  slender,  shortly  exserted  but  not  exceeding-  3  lines,  g-labrous 
inside ;  lobes  about  half  as  long-  as  the  tube,  more  or  less  silky-pubes- 
cent  outside.  Stamens  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  corolla-lobes. 
Fruiting-  calyx  often  above  2  lines  long-  but  remaining-  narrow.  Fruit 
oblong-,  obtuse,  pubescent  or  hirsute,  3  to  4  lines  long-,  4-celled  in  the 
upper  portion  where  the  endocarp  closes  round  the  seecls  and  separates 
into  4  narrow  nuts,  the  lower  seedless  portion  assuming-  the  appearance 
of  a  wing-  to  each  nut,  whilst  the  lower  portion  of  the  dissepiment 
remains  attached  to  the  receptacle  after  the  nuts  have  fallen  in  a 
cuneate-oblong-  shape  three-toothed  at  the  top  and  nearly  as  lono-  jis 
the  calyx. — C.  (Ilcmidcrmi)  Linnm,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  161,  not  of 
Thwaites. 

Queensland.  Cape  York,  Daemel;  Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy ;  Selheim  river 
Boioman  ;  Rockhampton,  Thozet. 

This  plant  has  a  singular  resemblance  with  the  Cingalese  C.  lAnncei,  Thw.  which  has 
the  same  climbing  habit,  foliage,  and  infioiescence,  but  rather  larger  ifowers  the  outer 
bracts  much  larger,  broader,  and  foiiaceous,  and  the  fruit,  aithough  nearly  similar  iu 
shape,  is  much  more  normal,  without  the  flat  winglike  bases  of  the  nuts  or  the  persisteiit 
axis  upon  which  F.  Mueller  has  founded  his  sectional  character  of  Hem.iderma. 

2.  C.  inerme,  B.  Br.  Prod.  511.  A  shrub  attainin»-  6  ft.  or  more, 
glabrous  or  the  young-  shoots  slightly  pubescent,  the  branches  somc- 
times  dilated  and  hardened  at  the  base  of  the  leaves,  but  not  spinescent. 
Leaves  on  rather  long-  petioles,  ovate  or  elliptical,  obtuse  or  shortly 


go  XCII.   VERBEXACE^E.  [Ocrodcndrun. 

acuiniuate,  entire,  mostly  2  to  3  in.  long-.  Pedimcles  axillary,  often 
neailv  as  lonc  a^  the  leaVes,  bearing-  usually  3,  but  sometimes  a  c}-me 
of  7  or  evon  more  pedicellate  Howers.  Bracts  minute.  Calyx  campa- 
nulate  sli<'htlv  dilated  on  the  marg-in,  truncate  and  minutely  toothed, 
more  open  and  3  lines  long-  when  in  fruit.  Corolla-tube  about  1  in. 
lonf,  the  lobes  about  4  lines.  Stamens  protruding-  about  1  in.  beyond 
the  throat.  Drupe  obovoid,  usually  about  ^  in.  long-,  but  sometimes 
much  larg-er,  the  exocarp  thick  and  spong-y  or  almost  corky,  with  a 
crustaceous  endocarp.  Seeds  with  thick  cotyledons  and  a  very  short 
radicle. — Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  660. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Brown ;  Albert  river,  F. 
Muelhr;  Fort  Essington,  Arrmtrovg;  Adams  Bav,  Hidh. 

Queensland.  Bay  of  Inlets  and  Endeavour  river,  ^ants  ar>d  Solander  ;  frequent 
along  tbe  coast  from  Cape  York  to  Rockhampton,  A.  Cunningham,  M'GilUvray,  F. 
Muelhr,  Dnllachij,  and  many  others. 

JI.  S.  VTales.     Ricbmond  river,  Hendtrson. 

3.  C.  Tracyantim,  F.  MueU.  A  tall  shrub  or  small  tree,  rather 
bare  of  foliage,  the  young-  branches  foliag-e  and  intiorescence  more  or 
less  velvety-pubescent  or  hirsute.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  shortly  acu- 
minate,  roiinded  or  broadly  cordate  at  the  base,  4  to  8  in.  long-  or  more, 
on  petioles  of  1  to  4  in.  Flowers  in  terminal  trichotomous  cymes,  very 
dense  at  the  time  of  tlowering*,  3  to  4  in.  diameter  when  in  fruit.  Bracts 
very  small  and  deciduous.  Calyx  shortly  pedicellate,  villous  outside 
g-labrous  inside,  turbinate-campanulate  and  about  '2h  lines  long"  at  the 
time  of  flowering,  divided  to  near  the  middle  into  acute  lobes,  enlarg-ed 
and  coloured  after  llowering-,  in  some  specimens  Avith  the  fruit  appa- 
rentlv  ripe  broadly  campanulate  and  about  4  lines  diameter,  in  others 
still  more  enlarg-ed  and  opening-  almost  flat  to  about  5  lines  diameter. 
Corolla-tube  above  3  lines  long-,  slender  and  the  5  lobes  of  the  limb 
nearly  ecpial  and  spreading'  as  in  the  rest  of  the  g-enus.  Stamens  rather 
long-er  than  the  corolla-lobes.  Drupes  succulent,  3  to  4  lines  diameter, 
enclosing-  4  distinct  1-seeded  pyrenes.  —  Prcmna  Tracrjana  or  Yitcx 
Traci/ana,  F.  Muell.  Frag"m.  v.  61. 

Qneensland.  Rockingbam  Bay,  Dallachy.  Although  the  flowers  are  small,  their 
structure  and  that  of  the  fruit  ;ippears  to  me  to  be  entirely  tliose  of  Clerodendron,  and 
not  at  all  those  of  Premna  or  Vitex. 

4.  C.  tomentosmn,  B.  Br.  Prod.  510.  A  tall  slirub  or  small  tree, 
the  foliage  und  inflorescence  usually  velvety-pubescent,  the  older  leaves 
rarely  quite  glabrous.  Leaves  on  rather  long;  petioles,  ovate  elliptical 
or  almost  lanceolate,  shortly  acuminate,  acute  or  rarely  rounded  at  the 
base,  2  to  4  in.  long*.  Flowers  in  the  normal  state  numerous,  in  com- 
pact  terminal  cor^-mbs,  with  rarely  a  few  peduncles  bearing-  small  CATues 
in  the  upper  axils.  Calyx  campanxdate,  softly  pubescent,  about  3'lines 
long-  when  in  flower,  divided  to  about  the  middle  into  acute  or  rather 
obtuse  lobes.  Corolla-tube  under  1  in.  long,  the  lobes  3  to  4  lines. 
Stamens  protruding-  by  irom  i  to  1  in.  Fruiting-  calvx  expanding-  to 
I  in.  diameter,  tlie  drupe  black  and  shining-. — Andr.  feot.  Rep.  t.  607; 
Bot.  Mag-.  t.  1018;  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  662. 


Clcrodcndron.]  XCII.  verbenace^.  _G3 

Queensland.     Brisbane  river,  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jacksoii  to  the  Blue  Mouiit.iius,  R.  Brown,  Sieber,  n.  2G7, 
Macartliur,  (Sydncy  wootls,  Paris  Exliibition,  1855,  n.  104),  and  many  others ;  north- 
ward  to  Hastiugs,  Macleay,  and  Clarence  rivers,  Bcckler  and  others ;  southwai\l  to 
Kiaina,  Harvey. 

Var.?  mollisdma,  very  softly  villous,  referrible  perliaps  to  C.  lanceolatum,  but  with 
the  broader  leaves  an  1  terminal  iuflorescence  of  C.  toinentosnm. 

N.  Australia.  Roebuck  Bay,  N.W.  Coast,  i1far<m;  near  Caledon  Bay,  Gulf  of 
Carpentaria,  R.  Gull. 

Veiitenat's  plate  of  Volkameria  tomentosa,  Jaid.  Mahn.,  t.  84,  represents  an  abnor- 
mal  gavden  state,  flowering  very  sparingly  in  the  upper  axils,  connecting  this  species  as 
wcll  with  tbe  following  C.  lanceolatum  as  with  some  pubescent  sraall-flowered  forms  of 
(_'.  floribundum. 

o.  C.  lanceolatum,  F.  Mudl.  Fragm.  iii.  145.  A  tall  slirul)  or  small 
tree,  the  foliag-e  and  intiorescence  softly  velvety-pnbescent  or  g-labrous. 
Leaves  on  rather  long-  petioles,  lanceohite  or  ovate-lanceohite,  acute  or 
rather  obtuse,  2  to  3  in.  long-.  Cymes  in  the  upper  axils  several- 
Howered,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  on  short  peduncles.  Bracts  narrow, 
acute,  or  the  outer  ones  more  leafy.  Calyx  broadly  campanuhite,  about 
2|  hues  long'  when  in  Hower,  divided  to  near  tlie  middle  into  obtuse 
lobes.  Corolla  usually  pubescent  outside,  the  tube  about  |  in.  long*,  or 
rather  more,  the  lobes  scarcely  3  lines.  Stamens  rather  long'.  Fruiting* 
calyx  enlarg-ed,  coloured,  very  open,  4  to  5  lines  diameter  in  the  speci- 
mens  seen,  the  lobes  recurved.     Drupe  depressed-g-lobular. 

W.  Australia.    N.  W.  coast,  Nickol  Bay,  Gregory,  Walcott;  Depuech  Island,  Bijnoe. 

The  leavcs  are  narrower  in  mostof  the  glabrous  specimens  thanin  the  pubescent  ones, 
but  some  of  Bynoe's  pubescent  ones  have  them  also  very  narrow.  The  species  is  not 
Tery  deiinitcly  separated  from  C.  tomentosum. 

6.  C.  floribundum,  B.  Br.  Prod.  511.  A  tall  shrub  or  small  tree, 
usually  quite  g-hibrous  or  the  young-  parts  tomentose.  Leaves  on  rather 
long-  petioles,  usually  ovate  or  elliptical,  but  varying  from  broadly  ovate 
and  cordate  to  hmceolate,  obtuse  acute  or  acuminate ;  acute  rounded 
or  cordate  at  the  base,  usually  2  to  3  in.  lono-  but  sometimes  twice  as 
larg-e.  Cymes  sometimes  all  loose  and  few-flowered  in  the  upper  axils, 
sometimes  forming'  a  broad  terminal  corymbose  panicle.  Flowers  to  tlie 
naked  eye  apparently  g-labrous,  l)ut  often  sprinkled  with  a  minute  })u- 
bescence  visible  under  a  lens.  Cah'x  2|  to  3  lines  long-,  more  acute  at 
the  base  than  in  C.  fomcntosnm,  the  lobes  acute,  about  as  long'  as  the 
tube  or  rather  shorter.  Corolhi-tube  usually  rather  above  1  in.  long-, 
but  not  exceeding-  l^  in.,  in  other  specimens  rather  long-er,  the  lobes 
short  in  proportion.  Stamens  exserted  by  about  1  in.  Fruiting--calyx 
expanding-  to  above  |  in.  diameter,  with  a  narrow  base  of  1  to  2 
lines. — Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  671. 

N.  Australia.  N.  Coast,  R.  Broivn;  N.  W.  Coast,  Bynoe;  Upper  Victoria  river, 
F.  Muelltr  ;  islands  of  the  gulf  of  Carpcntaria,  Henne. 

Queensland.  Endeavour  river,  Banks  and  Solander,  Harvey's  islands,  Keppel  Bay 
aud  Northumberland  islands,  R.  Brown;  Percy  island  and  Port  Curtis,  M'Gillivray,  Port 
Denison,  Fitzalan  ;  EockinghamBay,  Dallachy  ;  Eockhampton,  Dallachy  nnd  others  ; 
in  the  interior,  Mitchell. 

South  Australia.     Daly  waters,  Waterhoitse. 

The  species  is  exceedingly  variable.  In  general  it  is  to  be  distinguished  from  O. 
tomentosum  by  the  absence   of  pubescence,  more    acute   calyxcs,  longer  flowers   and 


g4  xcii.   VEUBENACE^.  [Chrodeiuhon. 

loosev  inflorosceiice.  Somc.imes  tlie  inflorescence  approachos  tbat  of  C.  inermis,  more 
frequently  it  is  at  icast  on  the  main  branches  almost  as  abundant  as  in  C.  Cunning- 
hamii.  An  apparently  coiumon  abnornial  state,  produced  eviilentiy  by  thn  puncture  of 
insects  has  axiliary  cymcs  with  few  flowers,  in  most  of  which  tiie  corolla  assuiues  a 
canipanulate  ovoid  or  globular  forni  of  coiisiderable  tbickness  and  nuuh  regularity. 

C.  alteiiuatvm  and  C.  nudium,  II.  Br.  Prod.  510,  511,  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  671, 
are  very  slight  modifiuations,  which  I  am  quite  unabie  to  distinguish  from  the  common 
forms. 

C.  ovatum,  R.  Br.  Prod.  511,  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  671,  or  C.  cardiophjllum ,  F. 
Muell.  Fragm.  iii.  144,  is  a  form  witli  large,  very  broad,  somewhat  coriaceous  leaves 
and  loose  inflorescence,  wliicli  may  at  firsl  sight  appear  very  distinct,  but  there  are 
quite  as  many  specimens  which  might  equally  well  be  roferred  to  this  or  to  some  of  the 
commoner  vaiieties. 

C.  coriaceum,  K.  Br.  Prod.  511,  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  671,  of  which  the  specimens 
are  very  indiftcrent,  is  much  the  saine  as  C.  ovatum,  but  witli  pubescent  leaves,  which 
connect  it  with  C.  tomentosum.  I  have  not  seen  the  flowers,  and  witliout  the  corolla 
there  appears  to  be  no  positive  character  to  di.^tinguish  C.  florihundum  from  the  two 
preceding  and  the  following  species.  C.  ovatum  and  C.  tomentosum  R.  Br.  are  both 
much  lilie  the  garden  specimens  figured  by  Ventenat  as  Volkumeria  tomentosa. 

7.  C.  Ctinninghamii,  Bentli.  A  tall  shrub,  eitlier  quite  g-labrous 
or  the  under  side  of  tlie  leaves  and  iniiorescence  more  or  less  tomentose. 
Leaves  ovate,  scarcely  acuminate,  often  narrowed  at  the  base,  sometimes 
above  6  in.  long-  and  membranous,  sometimes  much  smaller  and  lirmer, 
the  petiole  varying"  from  under  1  in.  to  above  2  in.  Flowers  numerous 
in  a  broad  terminal  corymb  sometimes  dense  sometimes  loose,  with  the 
calyx  and  structure  nearly  of  C.^fioribundtnn,  but  remarkable  for  the  long- 
slender  corolla-tube,  usually  exceeding-  2  in.,  the  lobes  broad,  not  above 
3  lines  long.  Stamens  rather  long-.  Fruiting-  calyx  more  or  less  funnel- 
shaped,  shortly  contracted  at  the  base,  the  margins  very  spreading-  or 
recurved.  Drupe  4  or  5  lines  diameter,  ripening'  2  to  4  distinct 
pyrenes. 

N.  Australia.     S.  Goulburn  Island,  A.  Cunningliam ;  Escape  Cliffs,  Hulls. 

Queensland.     Cape  Yorlc,  Daemel,  Jardine  ;  Endeavour  river,  A.  Cunningliam. 

Some  of  Pirowifs  spccimens,  as  well  as  others  seen  only  in  fruit  and  referred  to  C. 
Jloribundum,  may  perliaps  belong  to  C.  Cunninghamii.  Some  of  F.  3Iuellers  from 
Gilbert  river,  with  more  pubescent  leaves,  are  very  doubtful. 

8  ?  C.  costatum,  B.  Br.  Prod.  511.  A  tall  shrub.  Leaves  very 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  4  to  5  lines  long-,  reticuhite-rugose  and  velvety- 
tomentose  underneath.  Inllorescence  a  terminal  corymbose  panicle,  not 
exceeding-  the  leaves  but  looser  than  in  C.  tomentosum.  Flowers  not 
seen.  Fruiting-  calyx  enlarg'ed  and  drupe  of  C.  fim-ibundum. — Schau.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xi.  C71. 

Queensland.     Endoavour  river,  Banks  and  Solandcr. 

Tlie  Ibliagc  is  that  of  Crmelina  Leichhardtii,  but  the  fruit  undoubtedly  that  of  Clero- 
dendron,  and  not  of  Gmelina. 

17.   GMELINA,  Linn. 

Calyx  4-  or  5-toothod  or  sinuate-iobed.  Corolla-tube  much  dilated 
upwards  or  ahnost  canipanulate  ;  liml)  obhque,  with  4  or  5  spreading' 
lobes,  the  two  upper  ones  sometimes  united  in  an  upper  lip.  Stamens  4 
in  pairs,  shorter  than  the  corolla.     Ovary  4-celled  with  1  ovule  in  eacli 


GmdiHa.]  XCII.    VERBENACEiL:.  65 

cell  laterally  attaclied  at  or  above  tlie  middle  ;  style  filiform,  imequally 
^-lobod  at  tbe  top.  Fniit  a  succulent  drupe,  tbe  putamen  bard  or 
bony,  4:-celled  or  rarely  l?-cclled.  Seeds  solitary  in  eacb  cell,  witbout 
albumen.  Trees  or  tall  sbru])s.  Leaves  opposite,  undivided.  Flowers 
often  ratbev  larg-e,  pale  purplisb  pink  or  blue,  or  in  species  not  Aus- 
tralian,  yellow,  in  cymes  iu-rang-ed  in  irreg'ular  terminal  panicles,  some- 
times  alinost  reduced  to  simple  racemes.     Bracts  small. 

The  genus  extends  over  tropical  Asia  and  the  Indian  Archipelago.     The  AustraliaK 
spccics,  altliough  with  the  aspect  of  some  Asiatic  ones,  appear  to  be  all  endemic. 
Leavcs  glabrous  (above  6  in.).    Pauicle  iong  and  narrow.    Cymes 

pedunculate 1.   (?.  macropliyUa. 

Leaves  glabrous  (under  6  in.).     Cymes  forniing  sessile  clusters 

along  the  rhachis  of  the  panicle  or  of  its  branches      ....     2.    G .  fascicuUflora. 
Leaves  tomentose  underneath.     Cymes  pedunculate  in  a  loosely 

pyramidal  pauicle d.  G.  LeichharcUii. 

1.  G.  macrophylla,  Bcnth.  A  tall  tree,  g-labrous  except  tbe  inflo- 
rescence,  Avbicb  is  slig-litly  tomentose.  Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-oblong-, 
obtuse,  broad  and  sometimes  almost  cordate  at  tbe  base,  8  to  10  in, 
long",  coriaceous  and  g'labrous  but  not  sbining',  on  petioles  of  1  to  1|- 
in.  Flowers  "pale  blue,"  in  a  long*  terminal  tbyrsoid  panicle,  tbe 
cymes  on  opposite  peduncles,  tbe  pedicels  very  sbort.  Calyx  cam- 
panulate,  about  2  lines  long",  truncate  or  sinuate-lobed,  scarcely  en- 
larg-ed  or  sometimes  sligbtly  expanded  under  tbe  fruit.  Corolla  villous 
outside  witb  appressed  liairs,  tbe  tube  declinate  and  mucb  dilated  up- 
wards,  about  |  in.  long',  lobes  5,  broad,  about  \  in.  long",  tbe  middle 
lower  one  ratber  larg-er  tban  tbe  otliers.  Stamens  ascending-  under 
tbe  upper  lobes,  antber-cells  diverging-.  Ovary  g-labrous,  4-celled. 
TJpper  lobe  of  tlie  style  minute.  Drupe  obovoid-truncate,  |  to  |  in. 
long',  closely  resembling'  tbat  of  G.  arhorea. —  Yittx  macrophylla,  R.  Br. 
Prod.  512,  Scbau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  695  ;  Yitcx  Dalrymplcana,  F.  Muell. 
Frag'm.  iv.  128 ;  v.  72 ;  EpMcUs  simplicifolia,  Seem.  Fl.  Vit.  189. 

N.  Australia.     Port  Essington,  Armstrong. 

Queensland.  Cape  Grafton,  Banks  and  Solander ;  Cape  York,  Daemel;  Rock- 
ingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

2.  G.  fasciculiflora,  Bcnth.  A  tall  tree,  nearly  g-labrous  except 
tbe  inflorescence  wliicb  is  densely  ferrug-inous-tomentose.  Leaves 
ovate,  obtuse  or  obtusely  acuminate ;  usually  broad,  3  to  5  in.  long-, 
somewdiat  coriaceous,  sbining-  above,  tbe  primary  veins  mucb  raised 
iinderneatb  but  not  nearly  so  reticulate  as  in  G.  Lcichhardtii.  C}Tnes 
reduced  to  dense  opposite  clusters  sessile  along-  tbe  brancbes  of  a  ter- 
niinal  panicle,  tbe  floral  leaves  at  tbe  base  of  tbe  clusters  reduced  to 
broad  bracts  sborter  tban  tbe  calyxes.  Pedicels  very  sbort.  Calyx 
broadly  campanulate,  ferrug-inous-villous,  about  2  lines  long-,  truncate 
or  more  or  less  distinctly  tootbed.  Corolla  "pale  purple,"  villous,  tbe 
tube  sliort  but  mucb  more  dilated  and  oblique  tlian  in  G.  Lcichhardtii, 
tbe  lower  lip  fully  |  in.  long-,  witb  a  large  broad  middle  lobe,  tbe  upper 
lobes  all  broad  but  mucb  sborter  tban  tbe  lowest.  Fruit  not  seen. — 
Vitex  Leichhardtii,  var.  glahrata,  F.  Muell. 

Queensland,     Eockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 
VOL.  V.  F 


(50  xcii.  VERBENACE-2E.  [Gmclina. 

3,  G.  Leichhardtii,  F.  Mvdl.  A  fine  timber  tree,  attaining-  a 
ffreat  heifiht,  the  young-  branches  ancl  iniiorescence  tomentose.  Leaves 
ovate  scarcely  acuminate  but  rather  acute,  rounded  or  cuneate  at  the 
base  3  to  6  in.  long-,  somewhat  coriaceous,  quite  glabrous  and  almost 
rno-ose  on  the  uj)j)er  side,  mucli  reticuhite  with  raised  veins  and  densely 
and  softly  tomentose  underneath,  the  petiole  often  above  1  in  long. 
Flowers  ''  white  with  purple  markings,"  numerous  in  opposite  pedun- 
culate  c^Tnes  forming'  loose  ovoid  or  shortl}-  pyramidal  terminal  panicles. 
Calyx  broadly  turbinate-campanulate,  truncate,  tomentose  and  not  2 
lines  long  at  the  time  of  flowering-,  enlarg-ed  and  spreading"  under  the 
Iruit.  Corolla  villous  outside,  the  tube  very  broad  and  dilated  upwards, 
twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  the  lobes  ovate,  above  2  lines  long,  the  2 
iipper  ones  ratlier  larger  and  shortly  unitecl  in  an  upper  lij).  Stamens 
incurved,  the  longer  pair  about  as  long  as  the  upper  lip ;  anther-cells 
diverg-ing.  Fruits  in  the  specimens  seen  all  deformed  by  insects,  the 
calyx  opening  out  horizontally  to  a  diameter  of  6  to  8  lines  and 
obscurely  sinuate-toothed. —  Vitex  Leichliardtii,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  iii.  58. 

Queensland.  Myall  Creek,  Leichharclt ;  Moreton  Bay,  W.  Hill,  Queensland  woods, 
London  Krhibition,  1862,  n.  30;  Pine  river,  Fitzalan. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Clarence  river,  Becldcr,  W.  Moore,  N.  S.  Wales  woods,  London 
Exhihition,  1862,  n.  68  and  171,  "White  Ueach,"  also  Macarthur,  Faris  Exhibition, 
1855,  n.  193. 

18.  VITEX,  Linn. 

Calyx  5-toothed  or  lobed.  Corolla-tiibe  short;  limb  spreading-, 
5-lobed,  the  lowest  lobe  larg-er  and  longer  than  the  others  and  some- 
times  notched.  Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  ascending-  and  exserted  beyond 
the  upper  corolla-lobes.  Ovary  2-celled  or  more  or  less  perfectly 
4-eelled,  with  1  ovule  to  each  half-cell  or  cell,  laterally  attached  at  or 
above  the  middle.  Style  filiform,  shortly  and  acutely  2-lobed.  Fruit 
a  succulent  drupe,  the  putamen  separating-  into  4  hard  one-seeded 
pyrenes  (or  fewer  by  abortion).  Seeds  without  albumen. — Trees  or 
shrubs.  Leaves  opposite,  usually  of  3  or  5  digitate  leaflets,  very  rarely 
single  (or  of  a  singlc  leaflet).  Flowers  in  cymes,  sometimes  axillary 
but  usually  in  terminal  })anicles  either  simple  and  spike-like  or  branched. 
Bracts  very  small. 

A  considerablc  tropical  and  subtropical  genus,  cbiefly  Asiatic  or  African  witb  a  few 
American  specics,  and  one  species  extending  to  S.  Europe.  Of  tbe  four  Australian 
ppecies,  one  is  widely  spread  ovcr  tbe  Old  "World  witbin  tbe  tropics,  tbe  tbree  otbers 
are  endemic. 

Leaves  whiteundemeath,  undivided  or  of  3  or  5  leaflets  .     ...  1.  V.  trifolia. 

Leaves  green  on  both  ^ides,  undivided 2.  V.  lignum  vitce. 

Leaves  green  on  both  sides,  of  3  or  5  leaflets. 

Flowers  in  loose  thyrsoid  panicles,  mostly  terminal      ....  3.  F.  acuminata. 

Flo^ers  in  very  loose  dichotomous  cymes  on  axillary  pedunclcs  4.  V.  glabrata. 

1.  V.  trifolia,  Limi ;  Schav.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  083.  A  slinib  some- 
times  d('(iniil)ciit  and  low,  in  some  varieties  tall  and  erect,  tbe  brunches 
uuder  sitk'  of  the  leaves  and  inflorescence  mealy-white.  Leaves  very 
variable,  simple  or  of  3  or  o  leaflets  often  white  on  both  sides,  but 


Vitex.]  XCII.    VERBENACEiE.  67 

usiiallj  becoming'  nearly  g-l;il)rous  on  tlie  upper  side  at  least  when  old. 
Flowers  nearly  white  or  p;ile  Llue,  in  sniall  ne;irly  sessile  opposite 
cpnes,  forming-  sliort  ternuual  panicles,  eitlier  simple  and  spike-like 
or  slig-htly  branched,  tlie  Horal  le;ives  reduced  to  sliort  bracts.  Calyx 
in  the  t^^iical  tbrms  about  '2  lines  long-,  very  shortly  5-toothed,  the 
corolla-tube  nearly  twice  as  long-  as  tlie  calyx,  the  4  upper  lobes  short, 
the  lowest  twice  as  larg-e  and  often  as  long-  as  the  tube  and  both  calyx 
and  corolla  more  or  less  me;dy  outside.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  2  ovules 
in  each  cell.     Drupe  globular. 

N.  Australia.  Victoria  river,  F.  Mudler ;  islanJs  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria, 
Henne,  aiul  mainlanrl,  F.  Mueller,  Landshorough. 

Queensland.  Along  tlie  coast  from  Cape  York  to  Moreton  Bay,  B,.  Brown, 
A.  Cunningham,  F.  Mueller,  Dallachy,  and  many  others. 

The  species  is  a  very  common  Asiatic  one,  chiefly  maritimc,  and  varying  very  much 
as  to  foliage,  the  three  follovping  princij^al  Anstralian  forms  agreeing  more  or  less  with 
Asiatic  varieties,  hut  some  of  them  passing  into  species  which  in  Asia  are  considered  as 
perfectly  distinct. 

a  ohovata.  Decumbent.  Leaflets  (or  simple  leaves)  mostly  solitary,  obovate  or 
rounded,  1  to  l^  in.  long,  rarely  especially  on  flowerless  branches  3-foliolate  and  less 
obtuse.  A  strictly  maritime  variety  in  N.  Australia  and  Queensland  as  in  tropical 
Asia.— F.  ovata,  Thunb.,  Hook.  and  Arn.  Bot.  Beech.  206,  t.  47,  R.  Br.  Prod.  511. 

j8  acutifolia.  Decumbent  or  erect.  Leaflets  3  or  sometimes  5  or  only  1,  ovate  or 
ovate-ianceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  the  middle  one  often  above  2  in.  long. —  V.  trifolia, 
E.  Br.  Prod.  511. — Common  along  the  coast  of  Queensland  and  appears  to  be  not  so 
strictly  maritime  as  the  obovate-leaved  form. 

7  parviflora.  Erect.  Leaflets  5  or  sometimes  3,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acnte. 
Flowers  much  smaller  than  in  the  two  preceding  forms,  and  resembling  tliose  of  the 
Asiatic  V.  Negundo,  from  which  this  variety  is  scarcely  to  be  distinguished. — In  N. 
Australia  on  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  and  Moreton  Bay  in  Queensland. 

There  are  numerous  intermediate  specimens  connecting  the  above  three  principal 
forms. 

2.  V.  lignum-vitae,  A.  Cunn.,  Schau.  m  DC.  Prod.  xi.  692.  A  tall 
liandsome  tree,  the  young-  branches  petioles  and  inflorescence  rusty- 
tomentose  or  pubescent.  Leaves  all  simple  (or  unifoliolate  ?),  oblong*  or 
oval-elliptical,  shortly  acuminate,  narrowed  at  tlie  base,  1|  to  4  in.  long' 
on  a  petiole  of  :|  to  |  in.,  somewhat  coriaceous,  shining-  on  the  upper 
side,  paler  underneath,  conspicuously  veined,  cpiite  g-labrous  or  witli  a 
slig'ht  pubescence  on  the  midrib  underneath,  tliose  of  barren  branches 
sometimes  broadly  and  unequally  lobed,  those  of  flowering-  branches 
usually  entire  but  occasionally  showing"  a  few  prominent  ang-les  or 
short  lobes.  Flowers  few,  in  sm;T,Il  loose  axillary  cymes.  Calyx  trun- 
cate,  about  1  line  long*  or  ratlier  more,  r;irely  tomentose.  Corolla  to- 
mentose  outside,  the  tube  8  to  4  lines  long-,  broad  and  incurved,  the 
middle  lower  lobe  not  exceeding"  the  others  so  mucli  as  in  some  species. 
Stamens  shortly  exserted  beyond  tlie  upper  lobes. — F.  Muell.  Frag-m. 
iii.  58. 

Queensland.     Brisbane  rivor,  Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunniytgham,  W.  Hill,  F.  Mueller, 
C.  Moore,  Queensland  xmods,  London  Fr.hibition,  1862,  n.  29. 
N.  S.  Wales  ?     "  Syduey  woods,"  Paris  Exhihition,  1855,  n.  3. 

3.  V.  acuminata,  R,  Br.  Prod.  512.  A  small  or  larg-e  tree,  the  young 
shoots  and  inflorescence  more  or  less  hoary-pubescent,  the  adult  leaves 

f2 


(53  XCII.    VERBENACE.13.  [VitCX. 

fi-labrous  or  nearly  so,  Leaflets  3  or  rarely  o,  ovate-oljlono-,  elliptical 
or  almost  lanceolate,  mostly  acuminate,  contracted  at  tlie  uase  into  a 
petiolule  sometimes  very  short,  sometimes  \  in.  long-,  tlie  terminal 
leaflets  often  3  to  4  in.  long-  or  even  more,  the  lat^ral  ones  usually 
shorter,  all  membranous,  g-reen  on  both  sides,  paler  and  usually  g-lan- 
duhir-dotted  underneath,  the  common  peduncle  usually  shorter  than  the 
leaflets.  Flowers  small,  in  loose  thjTsoid  panicles  of  2  to  4  in.,  terminal 
or  in  the  upper  axils.  Pedicels  very  short.  Calyx  1  to  l^  in.  long-, 
truncate  or  minutely  toothed.  Corolla  pubescent  outside,  villous  in- 
side  in  the  throat  and  the  base  of  the  limb,  the  tube  about  tnice  as 
lon^  as  the  calyx,  the  lower  lip  nearly  as  long-  as  the  tube.  Stamens 
shortly  exserted  beyond  the  upper  lobes.  Ovary  2-celled,  with  2 
-ovules  in  each  cell.  Drupe  in  Dallachy's  specimen  nearly  g-lobular, 
about  i  in.  diameter,  the  putamen  bony  and  4-celled  as  in  GmeUiia, 
bearing-  outside  a  number  of  radiating*  riblike  excrescences,  and  perhaps 
therefore  diseased,  in  R.  Bro\vn's  smaller  and  apparently  more  perfect. 
Seed  not  seen  perfect. — Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  095 ;  F.  Muell. 
Frag-m.  v.  34  j    V.  vwlieopea,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  35. 

N.  Australia.  Vansittart  and  Careening  Bays,  N.  W.  Coast,  A.  Cunnh^gliam ; 
ArnlRia  liay  and  Islands  <jf  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Brown. 

Queensland.  Cape  York,  JrGillivrai/,  W.  Hill,  Daemel ;  Wide  Bay,  Bidwill ; 
Eockingbam  Bay,  Dullachy ;  Eockhanipton,  Dallachy  and  others. 

V.  Timoriensis,  Walp. ;  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  686,  from  Timor,  may  be  the  same 
as  V.  acuminata. 

4.  V.  glabrata,  L'.  Br.  Prod.  512.  A  tree  or  shrub,  quite  g-labrous  or 
rarely  with  a  minute  tomentum  on  the  young-  shoots  and  inflorescence. 
Leaflets  3  or  rarely  5,  from  broadly  ovate  and  obtuse  to  elliptical-oblong' 
and  acuminate,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  but  usually  much  broader  than  in  T". 
aatminata  and  less  narrowed  at  the  base,  the  petiolules  about  -s^  to  |  in. 
long-,  and  the  common  petiolc  above  2  in.  Flowers  white,  ratlier  small, 
in  very  loose  dichotomous  cymes  on  axillary  peduncles  sometimes  nearly 
as  long  as  the  petiole,  but  the  whole  inflorescence  almost  always  shorter 
than  the  leaf  Pedicels  shorter  or  rarely  longer  than  the  calyx.  Calyx 
about  1|  lines  lon»-,  truncate  or  minutely  toothed.  Corolla-tube  at  least 
twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  and  the  lower  lin  nearly  as  long-  as  the  tube. 
Stamens  shortly  exserted  beyond  the  upper  lobes.*^  Fruit,  in  the  speci- 
mens  seen,  1-seeded  by  abortion,  obovoid,  about  ^  in.  long-. — Schau. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  095  {  V.  Cuntwighamii,  Schau.  1.  c.  091. 

N.  Australia.  Careening  Bay,  N.  W.  Coast,  A.  Cunningham :  Victoria  and  Fitz- 
maurice  rivers  and  IMacadam  range,  i^.  Mueller ;  Croote  island,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria 

B.  Brown;  Port  Essington,  Arm.strovg  ;  Adams  Bay,  Ilidls.  ' 
Queensland.     Cape  York,  Dacmel;  Gilbert  river,  Daintree. 

The  cultivated  fipccimen  describcd  by  F.  Mne]].  Fragm.  v.  35  as  V.  glahrata  is  the 
New  Zeaiand  V.  littorali.s,  A.  Cunn  ,  remarkable  for  its  large  ditTerently  sliaped  coroll-i 

C.  Moore's  George-river  specimen  may  bc  the  same,  but  if  so,  it  is  probably  cultivated 
also. 

SuBTRiBE  3.  OxEREiE. — Ovary  distinctly  2-  or  4-lobed. 


Faradtit/n.]  xcil.   verbenace.e.  69 

11).  FARADAYA,  F.  Muell. 

Calyx  closed  before  flowering-,  tlien  dividing  into  2  valvate  seg-ments. 
Corolia-tuLe  dilated  upwards,limb  4-lobed,tlieupperlobebroadandemar- 
g'inate,  tbe  tlirec  lower  nearly  equal.  Stamens  4,  didj^namous,  exserted. 
Ovar}'  sbortly  4-lobed,  ^-celled  in  tbe  upper  portion,  witb  one  ovule  in 
eacbcell  laterally  attacbed.  Fruit  a  drupe,  tbe  putamenl-celled  and  1- 
seeded  by  abortion  (or  4-lobed  witb  4  distinct  pyrenes  ?). — Woody  climbers. 
Leaves  opposite,  undivided.    Flowers  ratber  larg-e,  in  terminal  panicles. 

BesiJcs  the  Australian  spccies,  thcre  are  three  from  the  S.  Pacific  islands.  The 
nearcst  afiinity  of  the  genus  ajipears  to  be  with  the  New  Caledonian  Oxera. 

1.  F.  splendida,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  21,  212.  A  tall  woody  climber, 
quite  giabrous.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  cordate  at  tbe 
base,  6  in.  to  nearly  1  ft.  long-,  prominently  penuiveined,  tbe  petiole  1 
to  2  in.  long-.  Flowers  large,  wbite,  in  a  terminal  cor^anbose  panicle. 
Bracts  small,  subulate.  Pedicels  ^  to  |  in.  long-.  Calyx  before  ex- 
panding-  obovoid  and  acuminate,  dividing-  into  2  acuminate  segments 
8  to  10  lines  long-.  Corolla-tube  above  1  in.  long-,  tbe  lobes  flat,  nearly 
f  in.  long-.  Filaments  sprinkled  witb  bairs  below  tbe  middle,  inserted 
in  tbe  tbroat  of  tbe  corolla ;  antbers  witb  2  parallel  cells.  Ovary  to- 
mentose.  Drupe  only  one  seen  wbicb  was  1-seeded,  about  2  in.  long-, 
contracted  at  tbe  base  and  apparently  proceeding-  from  one  lobe  of  tbe 
ovary,  tbe  otber  lobes  remaining-  abortive  at  tbe  base,  as  tbere  is  no  scar 
of  tbe  style  at  tbe  upper  end.     Seed  not  seen. 

Queenslaud.     Kockingham  Bay,  Ddllachy. 

Tribe  3.  AvicENNiE^. — Fruit  a  2-valved  capsule.  Seed  solitary, 
witbout  integ-uments ;  embryo  witb  larg-e  folded  cotyledons. 

20.  AVICENNIA,  Linn. 

Calyx  divided  to  tbe  base  into  5  distinct  seg-ments  or  sepals.  Corolla- 
tube  sbort  and  broad ;  limb  of  4  nearly  equal  spreading-  lobes  or  tbe 
upper  one  ratber  larg-er.  Stamens  4,  inserted  in  tbe  tbroat,  witb  tbe 
antbers  sliglitly  protruding-.  Ovary  1-celled,  witb  4  ovules  collaterally 
suspended  from  a  central  column,  wbicb  bas  4  angles  between  tbe  ovules, 
imperfectly  dividing-  tbe  ovary  into  4  cells.  Fruit  a  compressed  capsule, 
tbe  pericarp  opening-  in  2  valves.  Seed  solitary,  erect,  witbout  integ-u- 
ments,  (tbe  integuments  of  tbe  ovule  not  developed) ;  embryo  witb  2 
very  larg-e  colyledons  folded  longitudinally,  a  very  bairy  radicle,  and 
a  prominent  plumula,  wbicb  g-erminates  before  tbe  fruit  drops  otf  as  in 
Bhhop/iora,  &c. — Sbrubs.  Leaves  opposite,  undivided.  Flowers  in 
small  cpnes  in  tbe  upper  axils  or  in  terminal  panicles. 

The  genus  consists  of  very  few  species,  widely  distributed  over  the  warmer  maritirae 
regions  of  the  New  and  the  Old  World,  and  very  nearly  related  to  each  other.  The 
Australian  species  is  tlie  typical  and  most  common  form. 

1.  A.  officinalis,  Liiin. ;  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  700.  An  erect 
sbrub,  varying-  mucb  in  beigbt,  tbe  brancbes  inflorescence   and  under- 


70  xcii.  VERBENACEiE.  [Avicetmia. 

side  of  the  leaves -white  or  silvery  with  a  very  close  tomentum,  more 
silky  on  the  liowcrs,  the  upper  side  of  the  leaves  usually  ^-hibrous  when 
ftill  g-rown,  hlack  and  shining-  when  dry.  Leaves  coriaceous,  usually 
hmceohite  or  ovate-lanceohate,  2  to  3  in.  long-,  acute  and  contracted 
into  a  petiole,  but  varying-  to  elliptical  or  obovate,  and  very  obtuse. 
Cymes  contracted  into  small  heads  on  rig-id  ang'ular  jjeduucles,  which 
are  otten  2  tog-ether  in  the  u})per  axils  or  several  in  a  small  terminal 
leafy  thyrsus.  Bracts  shorter  than  the  sepals.  Sepals  orbicukir  or 
broadly  ovate,  concuve,  hirsute  and  ciliate,  about  l^line  long-.  Corolla- 
tuhe  siiorter  than  the  sepals,  lobes  ovate,  rather  long-er  than  the  tube, 
the  u])per  inner  onerather  hirg-er  than  the  others.  Ovary  very  hairy. — 
A.  tovicntosa,  Jacq. ;  R.  Br.  Prod.  518 ;  Schau.  in  DC.  Prod.  xi.  099  ; 
Wall.  PL  As.  Rar.  t.  271  j  Wight,  Ic.  t.  1481. 

N.  Australia,  Queensland,  N.  S.  ^Vales,  Victoria,  S.  Australia,  and  V^. 
Australia,  exteiKling  along  the  soa-coast  all  ronnd  tlic  Australian  contineiit,  It.  Brown 
and  many  otliers,  but  no  specimens  seeu  from  Tasmania.  It  is  a  comniou  seacoast 
shrab  in  tropical  Asia,  Africa,  and  America. 


Order  XCIII.    LABIAT^. 

Flowers  irreg-ular  or  rarely  nearly  regailar.  Calyx  persistent,  5- 
toothed  or  2-lipped.  Corolla  with  a  distinct  tidje  and  4  or  5  lobes 
more  or  less  2-lipped  or  nearly  ecpial,  imbricate  in  the  bud,  the  upper 
lip  or  lobes  usually  and  perhaps  always  outside.  Stamens  2  or  4,  in 
pairs,  inserted  in  the  tube  of  the  corolla  and  alternating-  with  its  lower 
lohes.  Anthers  either  2-celled,  or  1-celled  by  the  coniluence  of  the  2 
cells  or  by  the  abortion  of  one  of  them.  Ovary  4-lobed,  with  one  erect 
ovule  in  each  lobe.  Style  sing-le,  arising-  from  the  centre  of  the  ovary, 
terminating-  in  2  short  stig-matic  lobes.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  calyx, 
consisting-  of  4  small  seed-like  nuts.  Seeds  soHtary  in  each  nut,  Avithout 
albumen.  Embr^-o  straiglit  or  sHg-htly  incurved  (except  in  Scutellaria)  ; 
radicle  short,  inferior,  cotyledons  thick. — Herbs  or  shrubs,  very  rarely 
arborescent,  tlie  stem  and  branches  usuaUy  4-angied.  Leaves  always 
opposite  or  whorled,  witliout  stipules,  toothed  or  more  rarely  entire  or 
divided.  Flowers  in  opposite  cjmes  or  rarely  soHtary,  forming-  fre- 
quently  (by  the  extreme  shortness  or  abortion  of  the  common  peduncle 
and  branches  of  each  cyme,  the  pedicels  alone  being-  developed) 
clusters  ciAlaA  fahc-7vhorls  or  vcrticillasters,  consisting-  of  13,  6,  or  more 
pedicels  on  each  side  of  the  stem ;  these  false-whorls  either  in  the 
axils  of  the  stem-k^aves  or  more  frequently  forming-  tenninal  racemes 
or  panicles,  the  Horal  leaves  subtending-  tlie  cHisters  being-  reduced  to 
smtiU  bracts.  Real  bracts,  subtending-  the  i^edicels,  usuaHy  abortive  or 
reduced  to  l)ristk's,  rtirely  more  prominent  and  leaflike.  Foliag-e  and 
g-reen  parts  often  studded  with  giandidar  dots  filled  with  resinous  oil 
rendering-  the  plants  highly  aromatic.  Nuts  when  soaked  in  water 
frequently  emitting-  a  thick  mucihiginous  coating-. 

A  laige  Order  generallj  distributed  over  every  part  of  the  globc.  Of  Ihe  twenty 
Austrahan  geuera  (excluding  llyjjtis)  four  arc  extratropical  gencra  of  the  northcrn 


XCIII.    LABIAT^.  71 

hemispliere,  very  sparingly  extending  into  or  represented  in  the  Soutliern  liemisplicro 
or  in  uiountainous  regions  of  tlie  tropics,  three  are  also  extratropical  and  cliieliy 
nortliern,  but  also  more  or  less  nnmorous  witliin  the  tropics,  especially  in  mountain 
ranges,  two  aro  tropical,  cliiefly  Asiatic  but  also  represented  in  America,  six  are  cou- 
fincd  to  tlic  tropical  rcgions  of  the  Old  World  aud  chiefly  or  entirely  Asiatic,  the 
remaining  five,  constitutihg  the  distinct  tribe  Prostantherece,  are  endemic  in  Australia 
and  chietly  cxtratropical. 

Trirf.  1.  Ocimoidese. — Stamens  4,  declinate.  Anthers  1-celled  hy  the  con- 
fiiience  of  the  2  cells  into  one.     Niits  dry,  smooth  or  minutely  granular. 

Corolla  lower  lobe  flat  or  nearly  so,  not  longer  than  the  upper  lobes. 
Corolla-tube    shorter   tlian    or    scarcely  exceeding    the    calyx. 
Stylo  with  2  short  stigmatic  lobes. 
Fruiting  calyx  deflexed  with  a  broad  decurrent  upper  lobe. 

False-whorls  equal,  6-flowered 1.  Ocimum. 

Fruiting  calyx  erect  spreading  or  deflexed,  tlie  upper  lobe 
scarcely    decurrent.       Flowers    very    small    in    one-sided 

racemes 2.  Moschosma. 

Corolia-tube  exserted.     Style  capitate  or  clavate  at  the  end. 

Calyx  of  Ocimum 3.  Orthosiphon. 

Corolla  lower  lobe  concave  or  boat-shaped,  longer  than  the  upper 
lobes  (except  in  Plectranthus  longicornis). 

Filaments  free.     Corolla  sometimes  spurred 4.  Plectranthus. 

Filaments  united    at  the  base  in  a  sheath    round    the    style. 

Corolla  never  spurred 5.  Coleus. 

Corolla  lower-lobe  saccate,  contracted  at  the  base  and  abruptly 

deflexed 6.  Hyptis. 

Teibe  2.  Satureiese. — Stamens  Aor  2,erect  and  equal  or  ascending  inpairs,the 
upper  j)air  the  shortest.  Anthers  2-celled  or  l-celled  hy  the  confluence  of  the  2  cells 
into  one.  Nuts  dry,  smooth  or  minutely  granular.  Corolla-lohes  all  equally  spreading, 
or  if  2-lipped  the  upper  lip  scarcely  concave  and  not  hoodshaped. 

Corolla-lobes  nearly  equal. 

Anthers  terminal  1-ceIIed.     Filaments  bearded 7.  Dysophylla. 

Anthers  2-ceIIed.     Filaments  glabrous. 

Perfect  stamens  4 8.  Mentha. 

Perfect  stamens  2 9.  Lycopus. 

Corolla-Iobes  forming  2  lips. 

Stamens  4,  erect,  diverging.     Flowers  in  heads  or  short  spikes 

with  imbricate  bract-Iike  floral  leaves *  Origanum. 

Stamens  4,  ascending  in  pairs.     Calyx  2-lipped.     CoroIIa-tube 

curved  upwards  above  the  base *  Melissa. 

Tribe  3.  Monardese. — Stamens  2  ;  anthers  with  one  ohlong  or  linear  jierfect  cell, 
the  other  either  quite  abortive  or  deformed  or  sterile  or  separated  from  the  iqjper  one 
hy  a  fiUform  connectioe.  Nuts  dry,  smooth  or  minutely  granulur.  Calyx  and  corolla 
usually  2-li2)ped. 

Connective  of  tbe  anthers  filament-Iike,  transversely  fixed  on  the 

short  real  filament 10.  Salvia. 

Connective  of  the  anthers  short,  continuous  with  the  end  of  the 

filament,  tlie  junction  marked  by  a  minute  tooth *    Eosmarinus. 

Tribe  *  Nepeteae. — Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  the  upper  ones  the  longest.  Anthers 
2-celled.  Nuts  dry,  smooth  or  granular-tuherculate.  Calyx  l5-nerved.  Corolla  upper 
lip  concave  or  hoodshaped. 

Calyx  straight  or  incurved,  scarcely  2-Iipped *    Nepeta. 

Trlbe  4.     Stachydeee. — Stamens  4,  ascending  in pairs,  the  loicer  oncs  the  longest. 


7i2  XCIII.    LABIAT^. 

Anthers,  at  least  the  upper  ones,  2-ceUed.    Nuts  clry,  smooth  or  granulartuherculate. 
Calyx  usuaU)/  5-  or  10  nervecl.     CoroUa  upper  lip  concave  or  hoodshaped. 
Calyx  2-lirpetl,  tlie  lips  closcd  after  flowering. 

Calyx  upper  lip  flat,    3-toothetl,  lower  2-lobed.      False-whorls 

6-flowered,  iii  denso  terniinal  spikes .     .     11.  Pruxella. 

Calyx-lips  entire,  the  upper  one  with  a  hollow  scale-like  pro- 

tuberance  on  the  back.     Flowers  opposite  iu  pairs    ....     12.  Scjtellaria. 
Calyx  5-  or  10-toothed,  not  2-hpped. 

Stamcns  included  in  the  coroUa-tube      Upper  corolla-lip  narrow. 

Calyx  often  lOtoothed *    Marrubigm. 

Staniens  protruding  from  the  short  upper  lip 13.  Anisomeles. 

Stamens  ascending  under  the  upper  lip. 

Calyx  5-toothed,  not  niuch  enhirged  after  flowering ....       *    Stachvs. 
Calyx  5-toothed,  very  large  open  and  membranous,  at  least 

after  flowering *    Moluccella. 

Calyx  8-or  10-toothed. 

Corolla  upper  hp  short  very  hairy 14.  Leucas. 

Corolla  uppcr  lip  very  long.     (Flowers  large,  scarlet)     .     .       *    Leoxotis. 

Tribe  5.     Prostanthereae. — Stameus  4,  in  pairs;  anthers  aU  icith   two  p>erfect 
ceUs,  or  one  ceU  ofaU  thc  anthers  or  cdso  both  ceUs  of  the  lower  j^air  sterile  or  abortive. 
Nuts  promiuentiji  reticulate-rugose.      Seeds    cdbitminous.      Ccdijx  various.      CoroUa 
vpper  lip  erect,  itsuaUy  short,  throat  hroad. 
Calyx  2  lipped,  the  lips  entire  or  nearly  so.     Anthcrs  with  2  per- 

fect  cehs,  the  connective  not  elongated 15.  Prostaxthera. 

Calyx  2-Hpped  or  5-toothed.      Anthers  with  an  elongated  con- 
nective  bearing  at  the  upper  end  one  perfect  cell. 
Connective  with  the  lower   end   reduced   to  a    small  tooth. 

Leaves  pungent-pointed IG.  Hemiandra. 

Connective  with  tlie  lower  end  diiated  linear  or  clavate  or 
bearing  an  imperfect  cell,  usually  bearded  in  the  upper 
anthers.  Leaves  obtuse  or  rarely  acute,  not  pungent  .  .  17.  Hemigenia. 
Calyx  nearly  equally  5-toothed.  Lower  anthers  sterile  and  re- 
duced  to  2  lincar  or  clavate  lobes. 
Connective  of  the  upper  anthcrs  elongated,  the  lower  end  di- 
Jated  and  bearded.     Corolla  upper  lip  very  concave  or  hood- 

sbaped 18.  Microcoets. 

Upper  anthers  of  one  cell  ahnost  sessile  on    the   filament. 

Corolla  upper  lip  flat,  2-lobed 19.  Westkixgia. 

Tribe  6.  Ajugoideae. — Stamens  4,  in  pairs  exserted  from  the  very  short  trun- 
cate  or  decp!//  ."lit  i/ji/ic,-  lip  of  the  coroUa  {except  vcry  rarely  in  genera  not  Australian). 
Nuts ptromineiitly  rcticiilntc-rugose,  not  succulent.     Seeds  icithout  cdbumen. 

CoroUa  with  the  four  upper  lobes  lateral,  equal  or  the  upper  ones 

longer,  tbe  stamens  exserted  from  between  the  2  npper  ones     .     20.  Teucrium. 

Coroila  with  tho  uppcr  lip  exceedingly  short  and  triincate,  the 
stamens  exserted  beyond  it,  ihe  lateral  lobes  oblong,  forming 
part  of  the  lower  Hp 21.  Ajuga. 

The  introduced  phmts  belonging  to  the  genera  marked  above  with  the  asterisk  *  are 
the  following : — 

Origanum  vulgare,  Linn.,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  193.  A  perennial  with  a  shortly 
creeping  rootstock  and  erect  stems  of  1  to  2  ft.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  ovate-hinceo- 
Lite,  Mlightly  tootiied.  Flowcrs  purple  or  rarely  white,  in  globuhir  corapact  heads, 
forming  a  terminai  trichotomous  ratlier  compact  panicle.  Bracts  or  bract-like  floral  leaves 
imbricate,  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Calyx  very  hairy  in.side,  with  short  nearly  equal  teeth. 
Coroila  jobes  nearly  equal  in  length,  the  u])per  one  broad  aiid  nearly  erect.  Stamens  4, 
crect,  diverging,  the  two  lower  longer  ones  always,  and  often  ali  4  exserted. — Veiy 
conimon  in  tlie  tcmperate  regions  of  the  nortbern  hemisphere,  and  now  introduced  at 
Pienty  Creck,  Victoria,  F.  MueUer. 


XCIII.    LABIAT^.  73 

Melissa  officinalis,  Tiinn. ;  Bentli.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  2-iO.  A  ratlier  coarse  erect  branch- 
ing  perennial  of  1  to  3  feet,  usually  hairy.  Leaves  broadiy  ovate,  crenate.  Flowers  few 
together  in  loose  axillary  false-whorls,  all  turiied  to  one  side.  Calyx  2-hpped,  the  upper 
lip  rather  flat,  3-toothedj  the  lowcr  2-lubed.  CoroUa  wliitish,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx, 
the  tube  curved  upwards  abovc  the  base,  the  upper  lip  erect,  eraarginate,  the  lower 
spreading,  3-lobed.  Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip,  the  lower  ones 
the  longest. — A  native  of  soutliern  Europe  and  western  Asia,  long  siiice  cultivated  (in 
England  under  tbe  name  oi  Balni)  ar.d  readily  naturaHzing  itself  in  the  vicinity  of  gar- 
dens,  in  which  localities  it  is  also  establislied  in  Victoria,  F.  Mueller. 

Rosmarinus  officiyialis,  Linn.  ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  360.  An  erect  shrub  of  2 
to  4  ft.  Leaves  sossile,  linear,  entire,  with  revolute  margins  Fiowers  white  or  pale 
blue,  opposite  in  pairs,  in  very  siiort  axillary  racemes.  Caiyx  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip 
entire,  the  lower  2-lobed.  CoroUa  upper  lip  erect,  emarginate,  iower  lip  3lobcd,  the 
lateral  lobes  oblong  and  erect,  tlie  lowest  large,  broad,  and  spreading.  Stameus  2, 
ascending,  the  filanients  with  a  small  tootli  below  the  middle  (indicating  the  jnnction 
of  the  real  filament  with  the  filament-Iike  counective).  Anthers  1-ceIIed. — This  the 
well-known  Rosemary,  a  native  of  southern  Europe,  and  of  early  cultivation  among  sweet 
herbs,  has  been  introduced  into  Hope  Valley,  Victoria,  F.  Mueller. 

Nepeta  Cataria,  Linu. ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  383.  An  erect  herbaceous  hoary- 
pubescent  branching  perennial,  attaining  2  or  3  feet.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate-cordate, 
acute,  coarsely  toothed,  often  whitish  underneath.  Flowers  pale  blue  or  nearly  white, 
numerous  in  compact  false-whorls,  forming  short  obloug  terminal  spikes,  with  frequently 
one  or  more  false-whorls  lower  down.  Calyx  15-ribbed,  the  orifice  oblique,  5-toothed. 
Corolla  upper  lip  erect,  concave,  lower  lip  longer,  spreading,  3-lobed.  Stamens  4,  ascend- 
ing  in  pairs  under  the  upper  lip,  the  upper  or  inner  pair  the  longest.  Anthers  2-ceIIed. 
— Common  on  roadsides,  in  hedges,  &c.  in  raany  parts  of  Europe  and  Asia,  and  readily 
naturalized  in  other  tempcrate  regions ;  occurs  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Adelaide. 

Marruhium  vulgare,  Linn. ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  453.  An  erect  hard  branching 
perennial,  the  stems  thickly  covered  with  white  cottony  wool.  Leaves  petiolate,  or- 
bicular,  soft,  whitish,  and  much  wrinkled.  Flowers  small,  of  a  dirty  white,  in  dense 
axillary  false-whorls.  Calyx  with  10  small  hooked  teeth.  CoroIIa  upper  lip  narrow, 
erect,  2-cIeft,  lower  lip  spreading,  3  lobed.  Stamens  4,  included  in  the  corolia-tube. 
Anthers  2-celIed. — A  roadside  weed  of  European  or  Asiatic  origin,  now  naturalized  in 
many  parts  of  the  world,  aud  gathered  by  various  collectors  in  N.  S.  Wales,  Victoria, 
and  S.  Australia. 

Stachys  arvensis,  Linn. ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  477.  A  decumbent  or  slightly 
ascending  slender  bairy  annual,  from  an  inch  or  two  to  nearly  a  foot  long.  Leaves 
small,  petiolate,  ovate.  Flowers  small,  of  a  pale  purple,  in  false-whorls  of  2  to  6  or 
rarely  8,  forming  loose  leafy  spikes.  Caljx  with  5  nearly  equal  teeth  as  long  as  the 
tube.  Corolla  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx,  the  upper  lii)  erect,  concave  and  entire, 
the  lower  lip  spreadiug,  3-lobed.  Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  ascending  under  the  npper  lip. 
Anthers  2-ceIIed. — A  common  weed  of  cultivation  in  Europe  and  temperate  Asia,  car- 
ried  out  with  European  crops  to  various  parts  of  the  world,  and  wel!  established  even  in 
tropical  countries,  nowabundaut  in  some  parts  of  Queensland,  N.  S.Wales,  and  Victoria. 
— S.  palustris,  Linn. ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  470,  a  tall  erect  perennial,  with  nearly 
sessile,  oblong  or  lanceolate  leaves  and  rather  large  pale  purple  flowers  in  false-whorls  of 
6  to  8,  formiug  terminal  spikes,  a  commou  northern  plant  in  ditches,  moist  banks,  &c., 
has  been  gathered  on  Richmond  river  in  N.  S.  Wales  by  Fawcett. 

3IolucceUa  lcevis,  Linu. ;  Benth.  iri  DC.  Prod.  xii.  513.  A  glabrous  erect  or  ascendirig 
annual  of  1  to  2  ft.  Leaves  on  long  petioles,  broadly  ovate  or  almost  orbicular.  Flowers 
in  distant  false-whorls  of  about  6,  the  floral  leaves  gradually  smaller  but  all  on  long 
pelioles,  the  bracts  connate  at  the  base.  Calyx  very  large,  campanulate,  oblique,  and 
membranous,  the  margiu  5-angIed  with  a  small  point  at  each  angle,  attaining  sometimes 
nearly  2  in.  diameter.  Corolla  shorter  than  the  calyx,  whitish,  the  upper  lip  erect, 
concave,  entire,  the  lower  spreading,  3-Iobed.  Stamens  4,  ascending  in  pairs  under  the 
upper  lip.  Anthers  2-ceIled. — Anativeofthe  Mediterraneau  region,  now  established 
in  New  England,  C.  Stuart,  and  on  the  Murrumbidgee,  F.  Mueller. 

Leonotis  leonurus,  R.  Br. ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  536.  A  shrub  attaining  several 
feet.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole.  Flowers  of  a  rich 
scarlet,  few  or  many,  in  axillary  false-whorls.   Calyx  lO-toothed.    Corolla  often  fully  2  in. 


74  XCIII.    LABIAT.E. 

long,  hairv,  the  uppcr  lip  loiig  erect  and  concave,  the  lower  h'p  short  and  spreading. 
Stamcns  4,  ascending  in  pairs  under  the  upper  lip.  Anthers  2-celled. — A  native  of  the 
Cape  of  Good  Ildpe,  long  sincc  cultivated  in  gardens  for  its  showy  flaming  flowers, 
now  established  with  other  South  African  plants  in  West  Australia. 

Tribe  1.  OciMOiDEiE. — Stamens  4,  declmate  towards  tlie  lower 
lobe  ofthe  corolla.  Antliers  wlien  liilly  out  l-celled  b}^  tbe  conHuence 
of  tbe  two  cells.  Nuts  dry,  smootb  or  minutely  gTauular.  Calyx 
witb  tbe  upper  tootb  often  mucb  broader  tban  tbe  otbers.  Corolla 
witb  tbe  four  upper  lobes  flat,  tbe  lowest  alone  forming-  tbe  lower  lip, 
and  flat  concave  or  saccate. 

1.  OCIMUM,  Linn. 

Fruiting--calyx  enlarged  and  reflexed,  tbe  upper  tootli  orbicular  or 
ovate  witb  tbe  marg-ins  decurrent,  forming-  an  upper  lip,  tbe  4  lower 
teetb  small,  pointed,  equal  or  tbe  two  lowest  witb  long-er  points. 
Corolla-tube  straigbt,  rarely  exceeding  the  calyx,  4  upper  lobes  imited 
in  a  broad  shortly  4-lobed  upper  lip,  tbe  fittb  lower  lobe  entire,  flat  or 
slig-btly  concave,  about  as  long  as  tbe  upper  lip.  Stamens  4,  declinate, 
tbe  2  upper  ones  usually  witb  a  tootb  or  tuft  of  bairs  near  tbe  base  ; 
antber-cells  confluent.  Style-lobes  subulate  or  somewbat  flattened. 
Nuts  smootb  or  minutely  g-ranukir. — Herbs  undersbrubs  or  rarely 
small  sbrubs.  Foliage  usually  densely  dotted  and  bighly  scented. 
Flowers  in  false-whorls  of  G,  rarely  10,  arranged  in  terminal  racemes, 
the  floral  leaves  reduced  to  small  deciduous  bracts. 

The  genus  extends  over  the  tropical  and  subtropical  regions  of  the  New  as  well  as 
the  Old  World,  two  or  three  species  having  been  very  long  in  cultivation  amongst 
aromatic  herbs.  The  only  Australian  species  is  a  slight,  ahuost  endemic  variety  of 
one  of  the  common  Asiatic  ones. 

1.  O.  sanctiim,  Linn.;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  38,  var.  angnstifolmm. 
A  brancbing  })erennial  or  undersbrub,  usually  forming"  a  tbick  woody 
base,  but  sometimes  flowering  tbe  first  year  so  as  to  appear  annual, 
rarely  exceeding  1  ft.  in  beigbt,  more  or  less  birsute  witb  spreading"  or 
reflexed  hairs.  Leaves  on  ratber  long  petioles,  mostly  oblong--lanceo- 
late,  I  to  14  in.  long-,  bordered  bv  a  few  coarse  teetb  or  nearly  entire, 
more  rarely  ovate.  Flowers  smnll,  jnirple,  {F.  MucUcr)  or  pure  white 
{Buwmun),  in  loose  whorls  of  6,  forining  tenuinal  racemes,  tbe  bract-like 
floral  leaves  very  small.  Pedicels  slender,  often  as  long  as  tbe  calyx. 
Calyx  scarcely  1  line  long-  at  tbe  time  of  flowering,  when  in  fiaiit  2 
to  2^  lines  long-,  the  upper  lobe  orbicular,  the  lateral  ones  small  and 
acute,  tbe  2  lowest  witb  long  subulate  points.  Corolla-tube  nearly  as 
long-  as  the  calyx,  tbe  lips  as  long-  as  tbe  tube,  the  lower  lobe  or  lip 
broadly  ovate,  or  nearly  orbicular.  Stamens  shortly  exserted,  the  2 
upper  ones  witb  tufts  ol  hairs  near  the  base  of  tlie  filaments.  Style- 
lobes  slightly  flattened. — 0.  anisudonim  and  0.  carjjojjhylUnum,  F.  Muell, 
Frag-m.  iv.  46. 

N.  Australia.  Victoria  river,  IIooker's  and  Sturfs  Creeks,  F.  Mueller;  Gulf  of 
Carpentaria,  F.  Mndler,  Landshorough ;  N.  Kenuedy  district,  Daintree;  in  the  in- 
terior,  Lit.  18°  30',  M'Douall  StuarVs  Krjicdition. 


Ocmum.]  xciii.  labiat^.  75 

Queensland.  Burdekin  and  Suttor  rivcrs  and  Peak  Downs,  F.  Mueller ;  Bowen, 
Isaacs  and  Suttor  rivers,  Boioman. 

Widely  diftused  ovcr  tropical  Asia,  extending  into  Africa,  but  usually  witli  broader 
leaves  tlian  in  Australia.  It  is  frequcntly  cultivated  in  East  Indian  gardcns,  about 
templcs,  &c.,  for  its  stiong  aroinatic  properties. 

F.  ]\Incllcr  observes  tliat  his  0.  anlsodorum  and  0.  caryophylUnum  (which  I  am 
quite  unable  to  distinguish  from  each  other)  are  closely  allied  to  0.  haslllcumj  they 
differ  however  not  only  in  the  sniall  llowers  and  long  pedicels,  but  more  cssentially  in 
the  tooth  of  the  upper  (not  the  lower)  stamens  being  replaced  by  the  tuft  of  hairs  of  0. 
sanctum.  From  the  comnion  Indian  form  of  0.  sanctum  (wliich  by  some  mistake  I 
stated  in  the  Prodromus  to  be  iiiodorous)  I  can  perceive  no  differeiice,  except  in  the 
narrow  leaves  and  usually  less  hispid  stems,  but  some  Australian  specimens  bave  ovate 
lcavcs,  aiid  the  hairs  of  the  stem  are  very  variable,  whilst  a  very  few  Indian  ones  haye 
narrow  leaves.  The  calyx-lolxiS  are  more  ciliate  in  the  margin  in  Australia  than  in 
Iiidia,  but  I  have  not  seen  the  hairs  closing  the  orifice  as  in  the  Mascarene  0.  (jracile. 

2.  MOSCHOSMA,  Reiclib. 

Fruiting--calyx  somewliat  enlarg-ed,  erect  spreading*  or  reilexed,  tLe 
upper  tooth  broad,  with  tlie  margins  scarcely  decurrent,  forming-  an 
upper  hp,  the  4  lower  teeth  small,  acute,  nearly  equal.  Corolla-tube 
straig-ht,  rarely  exceeding-  the  calyx,  the  4  upper  lobes  united  in  a 
broad  3-  or  4-lobed  upper  lip,  the  fifth  lower  lobe  entire,  fiat  or  slig-htly 
concave,  about  as  long-  as  the  upperlip.  Stamens  4,  declinate,  thefila- 
ments  without  any  appendage ;  anther-cells  confluent.  Style  shortly 
clavate  at  the  end,  entire  or  emarginate.  Nuts  smooth  or  minutely  gra- 
nular. — Herbs,  usually  annual  and  much  branched.  Flowers  minute,  in 
false  whorls  of  6  to  10,  all  turned  to  one  side  and  numerous  in  slender 
one-sided  racemes,  the  floral  leaves  reduced  to  very  sinall  deciduous 
bracts.     Foliag-e  said  to  have  a  musky  smell. 

The  genus  comprises  but  very  few  species  extending  over  tropical  Asia  and  Africa. 
Of  the  two  Australian  species,  one  is  common  in  East  India,  the  other  appears  to  be 
endemic. 

Fruiting-calyx  reflexed  or  very  spreading,  companulate.  Kacemes 

loose 1.  M . jiohjstachyum. 

Fruiting-calyx  erect  or  slightly  spreading,  tubular-campanulate. 

Kacemes  dense 2.  M.  australe. 

1,  M.  polystach^rum,  Bmth.;  DC.  Prod.  xii.  48.  An  erect  slender 
much  branched  annual  of  1  to  2  ft.,  slig-htly  pubescent  or  nearly  giabrous, 
the  stems  acutely  4-ang-led.  Leaves  on  long-  petioles,  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  toothed,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  the  upper  ones  small. 
Racemes  numerous,  terminatin<^  the  main  branches  as  well  as  short 
axillary  branchlets,  slender  and  loose.  Flowers  white  or  very  pale  blue, 
about  "f  line  long-.  Calyx  minute  when  in  flower,  when  in  fruit  1  to 
1|-  lines  long-,  rather  broadly  campanuhite,  very  spreading-  or  reflexed, 
the  upper  lobe  very  broad  and  slightly  decurrent.  CoroUa-tube  about 
as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  lips  about  as  long-  as  the  tube. — Ocimnn  poly- 
stachyon,  Linn.  Mant.  507  ;  Plectranthus parvifiorus,  R.  Br.  Prod.  500,  not 
of  Willd. 

N.  Australia.  Upper  Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller  (a  single  specimcn  in  herb. 
Hooker). 


7G  xciii.   LABIAT^.  [Moschosma. 

Queensland.  Bioad  Sound,  li.  Brown;  Wide  Bay,  Bidwill ;  Port  Denison, 
Fit-.(il(iii;  Itiickiiiiiliaiii  Bay,  iJaUacliy ;  Aniity  and  Nerkool  Creeks,  Bowman ;  Kock- 
liamjitou,  O^ iSliunesy ;  Balonne  river,  Mitchell. 

Thc  species  is  a  comraon  weed  in  trojiical  Asia,  extending  into  Africa. 

2.  M.  australe,  Bcnth. ;  DC.  Prod.  xii.  48,  An  erect  berb  of  2  or 
3ft.,  flosclv  iillied  to  M.  ■poluatuchynm.i  but  coarser,  the  foliage  and 
calyxes  usiialh'  more  pubescent  and  the  racemes  more  dense  and  spike- 
like.  Fruiting--calyx  more  erect,  long-er  and  not  so  hroad  in  proportion 
as  in  M.  jjoJu.stachyvm,  the  upper  lobe  not  so  broad,  and  the  lower 
ones  broader  than  in  that  species;  the  corolhi-tube  more  slender, 
sHjilitly  exceeding-  the  calyx,  the  lips  shorter  than  the  tube.  Middle- 
h)be  of  the  upper  hp  emarginate  in  M.  anstrale  (lip  4-lobed),  entire  in 
M.  polystachyiim  (Hp  3-lobed),  according-  to  R.  Brown,  a  difference, 
however,  whicli  I  have  failed  to  perceive. — PlectraiitMis  vioschatus,  R.  Br. 
Prod.  50G. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Brown;  Upper  Victoria 
and  Fitzuiauiice  rivers,  F,  Mueller  ;  Liverpool  river,  N.  coast,  A.  Cunningliam. 

3.  ORTHOSIPHON,  Benth. 

Fruiting'-calyx  enlarg-ed  and  reflexed,  the  upper  tooth  orbicular  or 
ovate  with  the  margins  decurrent,  forming-  an  upper  lip,  tlie  4  lower 
teeth  small  and  pointed.  Corolla-tube  straight  or  somewhat  curved, 
long-er  than  the  calyx,  4  upper  lobes  united  in  a  broad  3-  or  4-lobed 
upper  lip,  lower  lobe  entire,  flat  or  sligiitly  concave,  as  long-  as  or  (in  a 
species  not  Australian)  long-er  than  the  upper  lip.  Stamens  4,  de- 
clinate,  without  ajjpendages ;  anther-cells  confluent.  Style  clavate  or 
capitate  at  the  end,  entire  or  slightly  notched.  Nuts  small,  g-ranular- 
punctate. — Perennial  herbs.  Flowers  in  false-whorls  of  G  or  rarely 
fewer,  in  long-  interrupted  or  short  and  dense  racemes,  the  lloral  leaves 
reduced  to  bracts. 

The  genus  is  chiefly  Asiatic,  with  two  or  three  African  species  and  two  slightly 
anomalous  Americ.in  ones.  The  only  Australian  species  is  a  wiJely  spread  Asiatic 
one.  Tlie  gcnus  has  the  calyx  and  habit  of  Ocimum,  from  which  it  differs  in  the 
eloiigated  corolhi-tube  and  capitate  stigma. 

1 .  O.  stamineus,  Boith. ;  DC.  Prod.  xii.  52,  Aloosely  branched  peren- 
nial  of  1  to  3  ft.,  slightly  hoary-pubescent  or  nearh'  g-labrous.  Leaves 
petiolate,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  often  acuminate,  1  to  2  in.  long-, 
irregularly  and  coarsely  toothed,  or  rarely  regularly  crenate  or  almost 
entire.  Plowers  white  or  pale  blue,  in  whorls  of  4  to  G,  in  loose  but 
rather  short  terminal  racemes,  and  by  their  long-  stamens  resembling- 
those  of  a  Clerodendron.  Pedicels  about  as  long-  as  the  flowering-  calyx, 
which  scarcely  exceeds  l^  lines.  Corolla-tube  slender,  4  to  5  lines 
long-  or  even  more,  the  lips  very  spreading-,  shorter  than  the  tube. 
Stamens  flliform,  two  or  three  times  as  long-  as  the  corolla-tube,  with 
very  small  ^anthers,  Style  still  longer,  the  stigmatic  end  small  and 
clavate.  Fruiting-calyx  attaining-  \  in.,  the  upper  lobe  ovate,  obtuse 
and  dccurrent,  the  lateral  oncs  nearly  as  long-,  acute,  with  short  points, 


Orthosiphon.]  xcili.   LABlATiE.  77 

tlie  lower  ones  connate  to  the  niiddle,  and  produced  into  long-  incurved 
subulate  points. 

Queensland.  Capc  York,  M'Gillli:ra}j,  Veitch;  Port  Denison,  FitrMlan;  Biirilekiii 
i-ivcr,  Bowman ;  Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy.  Freqiient  in  the  Indiau  Archipclago, 
exLendinfr  on  the  Asiatic  continent  to  Aj^sam  and  Silliet. 


4.  PLECTRANTHUS,  Lhe 


Fruiting'-calyx  in  the  Australian  species  reflexed,  the  upper  tooth 
broad  ancl  sometimes  decurrent,  the  2  lowest  long*  and  pointed,  the 
hiteral  ones  shorter,  in  some  other  species  the  teeth  all  nearly  equal. 
Corona-tube  long-er  than  the  calyx,  g-ibbous  or  produced  into  a  spur 
on  the  upj)er  side ;  upper  lip  3-  or  4-h3bed,  lower  lip  entire,  concave, 
long-er  than  or  rarely  rather  shorter  than  the  upper  one.  Stamens 
declinate,  free,  without  any  appendag-e ;  anther-cells  confluent.  Style 
shortly  bitid.  Nuts  smooth  or  slig-htly  granular. — Herbs,  undershrubs 
or  in  species  not  Austrahan,  shrubs.  Flowers  usually  numerous,  rarely 
only  G,  in  false-whorls,  often  developed  into  loose  opposite  cymes  form- 
ing-  terminal  panicles,  in  the  AustraHan  species  more  compact  forming- 
interrupted  racemes,  the  floral  leaves  rechiced  to  small  decicUious  bracts. 

The  genus  is  widely  spread  over  tropical  and  subtropical  Asia  and  Africa,  one  of  the 
Africaii  species  having  been  also  found  in  Brazil  (probably  introduced).  Of  the  three 
Australian  species,  one  extends  to  the  Pacific  Ishmds,  the  two  others  appear  to  be 
endemic.  The  common  Indian  forms  have  none  of  them  been  as  yet  detected  in 
Australia. 

riowers  in  false-whorls  of  6,  lower  calyx-lobes  obtuse.  CoroUa  with 

a  long  spur 1.  P.  longicornis. 

Flowers  in  false-whorls  of   10  or  niore.     Lower  calyx-lobes  very 
obtuse  or  aristate.     Corolla  not  spurred. 
False-whorls  loose,   of  about  10  flowers.     Fruiting-calyx  2  to  3 

lines  long 2.  r.imrviflorus. 

False-whorls  dense,  of  about  20  flowers.  Fruiting  calyx  about  1 

line  long 3.  P.  congesius. 

1.  P.  longicornis,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  51,  A  perennial,  more  or 
less  pubescent  or  villous,  with  short  rather  rig-id  hairs,     Leaves  usually 

2  or  3  pairs  near  the  base  of  the  stem,  obovate  or  oblong*,  obtuse,  sinuate 
or  coarsely  toothed  especially  near  the  base,  \\  to  3  in,  long-,  contracted 
into  a  short  petiole ;  below  the  lowest  pair  there  are  also  usually  2  or 

3  pairs  of  very  small  nearly  sessile  orbicidar  leaves,  Flowering-  stems 
erect,  often  above  1  ft.  hig-h,  simple  or  shghtly  branched,  leafless  except 
at  the  base,  the  floral  leaves  being-  all  recluced  to  ovate  reflexed  bracts ; 
rarely  the  stock  emits  also  long-  weak  decumbent  stems  with  a  few 
distant  pairs  of  narrow  leaves.  Flowers  cleep  purple  {Dallachij)  or  bhie 
{F.  Mucllcr),  in  false-whorls  of  6,  forming-  long-  slender  racemes. 
Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long*.  Calyx  at  first  very  small  ancl  open,  when 
in  fruit  about  2  Hnes  long-,  very  much  incurved,  deeply  2-hpped,  the 
upper  hp  formed  of  the  broad  obtuse  sHg-htly  decurrent  and  recurved 
upper  tooth  with  tlie  2  very  smaU  lateral  lobes  at  its  base,  the  lower 
Hp  as  long-  as  the  upper,  obtuse  and  emarg-inate,  incurved  and  concave. 
CoroHa-tube  slender,  nearly  2  Hnes  long',  produced  at  the  base  into  a 


78  xciil.    LABiATiE.  [Plcctrantlius. 

lono-narrow  conical  spur ;  upper  lip  erect,  broad,  shortly  4-lobed,  sliortcr 
tlian  tlic  tube  ;  lower  lip  oblong-obovate,  very  concave,  ratber  shorter 
than  tlie  upper.  Stamens  shorter  than  the  corolla,  the  two  upper  ones 
inserted  nuich  lower  down  than  the  lower  ones. 

Queensland.     Cape  York,  WGilUvray;  Eockingliam  Bay,  Dallacliy. 

Tliis  spccies  lias  precisely  the  calyx  and  sometliing  of  the  habit  of  Coleus  Africanus, 
Benth.  (which  probably  includes  Plectranthus  Palisoti,  Benth.)  In  the  Litter  plant 
however  the  foliage  is  dififerent,  the  flowers  much  more  numerous  in  the  false-whorls, 
and  as  fiir  as  I  can  ascertain,  the  corolla  and  stamens  are  truly  those  of  a  Coleus. 

Q.  P.  parviflorus,  Willd. ;  Benth.  in  DC.Prod.  xii.  6?,  not  of  B.  Br. 
An  erect  herb  or  underslirub  very  variable  in  size  and  indumentum, 
sometimes  under  1  ft.  and  much  branched  at  the  base,  sometimes  attaining- 
2  or  3  ft. ;  the  stems  rather  fleshy,  the  whole  plant  pubescent  villous 
or  tomentose  or  rarely  nearly  g-labrous.  Leaves  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  stem  petiolate,  ovate  to  orbicuhir,  coarsely  crenate,  rounded  or 
cordate  at  the  base,  from  under  1  in.  to  2  or  even  3  in.  diameter, 
usuallv  rather  thick  soft  rug-ose  and  tomentose  or  villous,  but  some- 
times  nearly  g-hdjrous  and  smooth.  Flowers  small,  of  a  bluish  purple, 
in  false-wliorls  of  about  10,  forming-  long-  terminal  lealless  racemes 
either  simple  or  sHg-htly  branched,  the  floral  leaves  reduced  to  minute 
bracts  falUng-  off"  from  the  very  early  buds.  Pedicels  usually  long-er 
than  the  very  small  flowering-  calyx  ;  the  fruiting-  calyx  reflexed,  much 
curved,  striate,  2  to  nearly  3  lines  long",  the  upper  tooth  or  lobe  broad 
obtuse  and  slig-htly  decurrent,  the  4  lower  ones  incurved,  very  acute  or 
subulate-acuminate,  the  2  lateral  ones  as  long-  as,  the  2  lowest  longer 
than,  the  upper  one.  Corolla-tube  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx, 
dechnate  and  sUg'htly  gibbous  at  the  base  but  not  spurred ;  upper  lip 
short  and  erect,  the  2  upper  lobes  rather  larg-er  than  the  hiteral  ones, 
the  lower  hp  twice  as  long- ;  very  concave.  Stamens  nearly  as  loug-  as 
the  lower  Hp. — P.  graveolens,  E.  Br.  Prod.  50G ;  P.  anstralis,  R.  Br. 
Prod.  nOC),  Bot.  Reg-.  t.  1098,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  Q7. 

N.  Australia.  Port  Essington,  Armstrong ;  Gilbert  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Kennedy 
district,  Daintree. 

Queensland.  Broad  Sound,  Shoalwater  Bay,  NorthuniberUind  island,  ^.  Brown ; 
Burdekin  rivcr,  Fitzalan ;  Lizard  island,  M'GilUvray  ;  "Whitsunday  island,  Henne  ; 
Bockhampton,  DaUachy,  Boivman;  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  F.  MueUer ;  toji  of 
Mount  Faraday,  MitcheU. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Bhie  Mountains,  B.  Brown  and  otliers  ;  north- 
ward  to  Ilastings,  Macleay  and  Clarence  nvers,  BecJder  and  others ;  New  England, 
C.  iStuart  ;  soutliward  to  Twofold  Bay,  F.  MueUcr. 

Victoria.     Snowy  river,  F.  Miteller. 

The  specics  extends  to  New  Calcdonia  and  other  islands  of  the  South  Pacifio  and  to 
the  San<!wich  Islands,  Ihc  differences  formerly  observed  between  the  Australian  and 
Sandwich  Islaud  pbmts  disappearing  in  the  hirger  series  of  sj)ecimens  now  before  us. 

3.  P.  congestus,  U.  Br.  Prod.  500.  A  tall  herb,  attaining-  accord- 
ing'  to  Dalhichy  10  to  12  ft.,  usually  hoary-tomentose.  Leaves  ovate, 
shortly  aciuninate  or  obtuse,  coarsely  crenate,  narrowed  into  a  petiole, 
soft  and  rug-ose,  tomentose  on  both  sides,  about  2  or  3  in.  long-  in  the 
specimens  seen  but  the  lower  ones  probably  longer.     Fiowers  small, 


Plectmnthus.\  xciii.  labiata;.  79 

blue,  numerous  (often  above  20),  in  dense  false-wliorls,  forming-  long- 
almost  spike-like  interrupted  racemes  of  wliicli  several  are  collected  in 
a  larg-e  terminal  leaHess  panicle,  tlie  lioral  leaves  reduced  to  minute 
very  deciduous  bracts.  Fedicels  very  short.  Calyx  villous  and  co- 
piously  dotted  and  scarcely  above  1  line  long-  when  in  fruit,  declinate 
or  reiiexed,  tbe  upper  lobe  broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  not  decurrent,  the 
lateral  ones  acute  but  not  much  narrower,  the  2  lowest  narrower  and 
rather  long-er,  incurved  and  very  acute.  CoroUa-tube  about  2  lines 
long',  abruptly  declinate  and  slig-htly  gibbous  on  the  upper  side  below 
the  middle  but  not  spurred ;  upper  lip  about  half  as  long-  as  the  tube, 
the  2  upper  lobes  broadly  obovate,  the  2  lateral  ones  very  much  smaller  ; 
the  lower  lobe  or  lip  twice  as  long-  as  the  upper  one  and  very  concave. 
— Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  QQ. 

Queensland.     Entleavour  river,  Banhs  and  Solander;  Eockingham  Bay,  Ballaclnj. 

6.  COLEUS,  Lour. 

Fruiting--calyx  usually  declinate  or  reflexed,  the  upper  tooth  broad, 
scarcely  decurrent,  the  lateral  ones  truncate  or  acute,  the  two  lower 
usually  longer,  more  connate  and  acute.  Corolla-tube  longer  than  the 
calyx,  declinate  or  bent  down,  not  spurred ;  upper  lip  short,  3-  or  4- 
lobed,  the  lower  mucb  long-er,  entire,  very  concave  or  boat-shaped. 
Stamens  4,  more  or  less  connate  in  a  tube  round  the  style  ;  anther-cells 
confluent.  Style  shortly  biiid  at  the  top.  Nuts  .small,  smooth. — Herbs 
rarely  shrubs.  Flowers  in  false-whorls  of  6  or  more,  sometimes  very 
dense,  sometimes  g-rowing-  out  into  opposite  variously  branched  cymes, 
forming-  terminal  leafless  racemes  or  panicles,  the  floral  leaves  reduced 
to  small  deciduous  bracts. 

The  genus  extends  over  tropical  Asia  and  Africa,  the  only  AnstraHan  species  being 
apparently  the  same  as  a  common  one  in  the  Archipelago,  although  represented  by 
endemic  forms  or  varieties,  which  however  require  further  investigation.  The  genus 
ditfers  from  Plectranthus  chiefly  in  the  monadelphous  stamens. 

1.  C.  scutellarioides,  Benth. ;  BC.  Prod.  xii.  73.  A  tall  herb  or 
undershrub,  the  ty]iical  form  pubescent  or  nearly  g-labrous,  with  slender 
branches.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate,  acuminate  or  obtuse,  slightly  crenate- 
toothed  and  more  or  less  purple  underneath  in  the  typical  form,  but 
varying-  much  in  the  Australian  varieties,  mostly  1|  to  3  in.  long-. 
Flowers  rather  small  and  numerous  at  flrst,  in  rather  compact  false- 
whorls  forming-  long-  slender  terminal  racemes,  but  in  most  varieties  as 
the  flowering-  advances  the  two  primary  branches  on  each  side  leng-then 
considerably,  converting-  the  false-whorl  into  two  opposite  sessile  once 
forked  cymes,  with  the  pedicels  arrang-ed  along-  each  branch.  Calyx 
very  small  when  in  flower,  enlarg-ed  afterwards,  detiexed,  the  tube 
striate,  the  broad  upper  lobe  slig-htly  decurrent,  the  lateral  ones  rather 
shorter  and  very  obtuse,  the  2  lowest  much  longer,  connate  to  near  the 
end  where  tliey  form  two  small  points.  Corolla-tube  slender,  slig-btly 
g-ibbous  at  the  base,  then  abruptly  bent  down,  the  tliroat  dilated  espe- 


80  XCIII.    LABIAT.E.  [Colcus. 

ciiillv  in  tlie  Aiistralinn  varieties,  of  a  pale  bliiish  white  as  well  as  the 
ujnior  lip,  the  hiwcr  hoat-sha])ed  hp  or  lobe  of  a  deeper  blue.  Stamens 
not  excccding'  the  lower  k)be. — Ocimvm  sciitrlhtrioidcs^  Linn.  •  Bot.  Mag'. 
t.  1440;   Plcctranthus  scutcUariaidcs,  R.  Br.  Prod.  50(3. 

N.  Australia,  E.  Brovn  and  othcrs.  The  species  appcars  to  be  widcly  distri- 
liiitcil  ovcr  tho  Iiiilian  Archipehigo,  and  ought  pcrhaps  to  include  C.  atropurjnireus, 
IkMitli.  and  some  otliers.  The  flowers  are  in  the  typical  form  rather  sniailer,  and  the 
friiiting  cymes  usually  lcss  dcveloped  than  in  Austraha,  where  moreover  the  following 
varieties  appear  very  distinct  in  the  few  specimens  we  possess. 

Var.  ancjustifoUa.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  pubescent  underneatb,  coarsely 
todthcd.  False-whorls  in  some  specimens  compact,  in  others  the  cymcs  more  deve- 
loped. — Table  Ilill,  Victoria  river  and  Macadam  Eange,  F.  Mueller ;  Port  Essington, 
Armstrong. 

Var.  la.va.  Glabrous.  Leaves  broad,  not  acuminate,  coar-sely  toothed.  Inflorescence 
loose,  the  2  branches  on  each  .side  of  the  false-whorl  at  length  much  elongated,  flowers 
large. — Eoe  river,  York  Sound,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunningham, ;  Roebuck  Bay,  N.W. 
coasl,  Martin;  Arnhom's  Laud,  11.  Brown,  3Iachinlaij. 

Var.  limnophila,  F.  Muell  Loosely  villous,  ahnost  woolly.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate, 
coarsely  tootlicd,  rather  large.  Inflorescence  at  least  as  loose  and  flowers  as  large  as  in 
the  preceding  varicty. — Nicholson  and  Macarthur  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

*  6.  HYPTIS,  Jacq. 

Fruitinp'-calyx  erect,  with  5  subuhite  or  acute  teeth.  Corona-tube 
cyHndrical,  the  4  upper  lobes  flat  and  erect  or  spreading-,  the  lowest 
lo1)c  saccate,  contracted  at  the  base  and  abruptly  deilexed.  Stamens  4, 
declinate,  without  appendag-es ;  anther-cells  confluent.  Nuts  various. 
— Herbs,  undershrubs  or  shrubs,  exceeding-ly  diversified  in  habit  and 
intlorescence,  but  always  known  by  the  saccate  lower  lobe  of  the 
corolla. 

A  very  large  genus,  cntirely  American,  trnpical  or  subtropical,  a  few  of  the  species 
are  however  now  spread  over  various  tropical  regions  of  the  Old  World,  especially 
Africa,  and  amongst  the  most  weedy  of  these  is  the  only  one  hitherto  found  in  Australia. 

*  1.  H.  suaveolens,  Poit. ;  Bcntli.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  126.  A  coarse 
erect  herb  of  ~  to  0  ft.,  inore  or  less  hirsute.  Leaves  petiolate,  broadly 
ovate,  irregularly  toothed,  often  cordate,  1  to  3  in.  long-,  tlie  upper 
floral  ones  g-radually  smaller  and  passing-  into  small  bracts.  Peduncles 
in  the  upper  axils  2  to  4  lines  long-  or  almost  none,  bearing-  little  heads 
of  3  to  5  small  flowers,  sometimes  all  in  irreg'ular  axillary  false-whorls, 
sometimes  forming*  irreg'ular  almost  leafless  panicles  or  spikes.  Fruitino* 
calyx  3  to  4  lines  long-,  obliquely  campanulate,  truncate  and  ciliate  on 
the  marg-in,  with  5  subulate  teeth.  CoroUa  about  3  lines  long-,  the 
lips  shorter  than  the  tube. 

N.  Australia.  Garden  Bay,  Port  Essington,  Leichhardt.  A  common  ti-opical 
American  wccd,  now  found  in  many  parts  of  the  Old  World,  and  probably  introduced 
into  .i^ustralia  froni  the  Indian  Archipelago. 

Thiuk  TI.  SATUUEiEiE. — Corolla-lobes  spreading-,  not  hood- 
sliaped,  c(jual  or  more  or  less  two-lipped.  Stamens  4  or  2,  distant, 
erect,  divaricate  or  connivent  in  pairs  under  the  upper  lip,  the  upper 
pair  shorter  or  abortive.     Anthers  2-celled,  or  rarely  as  in  Ocimoidffi 


Ui/pttS.]  XCIII.    LABIAT^.  81 

1-celled  l)y  tlie  confluence  of  tlie  cells.     Nuts  dry,  smootli  or  minutely 
gTanular. 

7.  DYSOPHYLLA,  Blumc. 

Calyx  equally  5-toothed.  Corolla  with  a  short  tube ;  the  limb  of  4 
equal  or  nearly  equal  lobes.  Staraens  4,  nearly  equal,  exserted,  the 
filaments  bearded;  anthers  small,  terminal,  nearly  g-lobuhir,  1-celled. 
— Ilerbs.  Leaves  opposite  or  whorled.  Flowers  in  dense  false-whorls, 
forming-  close  cyHndrical  terminal  spikes. 

The  ijenus  comprises  several  tropical  Asiatic  species,  including  among  them  the  ouly 
Australian  one.  The  commonest  and  widest  spread  of  them,  D.  auricularia, 
Bhmie,  has  however,  not  yet  bcen  detected  in  Australia.  Hasskarl  has  jjroposed  the 
uniting  the  genus  wilh  Pogostemon,  of  which  it  would  at  any  rate  form  a  very  marked 
section,  characterised  by  the  inflorescence  and  habit  as  well  as  by  the  more  regular 
corolla. 

1.  D.  verticillata,  Bcnth. ;  DC.  Prod.  xii.  157.  A  g-labrous  or 
somewhat  pubescent  herb,  decumbent  at  the  base  or  floating'  in  water, 
ascending-  to  1  ft.  or  more.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  4  to  6  or  rarely  more, 
sessile,  linear  or  Hnear-lanceolate,  entire,  with  recurved  margins,  1  to  l2 
in.  long  or  even  more.  Flowers  very  smaU  and  numerous,  the  false- 
Avhorls  crowded  in  dense  cyHndrical  spikes  of  f  to  2  in.,  the  tips  of  the 
bracts  subtending-  the  false-whorls  sometimes  appearing-  in  the  young; 
spikes  in  4,  6  or  8  rows.  Calyx  softly  viHous,  scarcely  one  Hne  long* 
when  in  fruit,  and  much  smaller  in  the  flower.  CoroHa-tube  shorter 
than  the  calyx,  the  lobes  as  long  as  the  tube.  Stamens  shortly  ex- 
ceecHng-  the  coroUa-lobes,  the  fihaments  bearded  with  reddish  purple 
hairs. 

N.  Australia.  Boggy  situations,  S.  Goulburn  island,  A.  Cunningliam ;  Lagoons, 
Mitcheirs  river,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  Leichhardt,  in  both  cases  the  common  form  with 
glabrous  stems  and  foliage. 

Queensland. — Edges  of  waterholes,  Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy,  a  pubescent 
variety  also  found  in  India,  but  not  so  common  as  the  glabrous  one. 

The  species  is  widely  spread  over  East  India  and  the  Archipelago.  Thwaites  is  pro- 
bably  right  in  uniting  with  it  as  varieties  D.  crassicaulis,  Benth.,  and  D.  t^^traphrjlla, 
AVight,  Ic.  t.  1444. 

8.  MENTHA,   Linn. 

Calyx  regular  or  sHghtly  2-Hpped,  5-toothed.  Corolla-tube  not  at 
all  or  scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx  ;  Hmb  4-lobed,  the  lobes  aH  equal  and 
spreading  or  the  upper  one  broader  and  notched.  Stamens  4,  ecpial, 
erect,  distant ;  filaments  glabrous  ;  anthers  with  2  paraHel  ceHs.  Style 
shortly  bifid.  Nuts  smooth. — Herbs,  usuaHy  copiously  dotted  and 
strongly  scented.  Flowers  small,  in  false-whorls  usuaH^r  dense  rarely 
few-flowered,  all  axiUary  or  in  species  not  AustraHan,  forming  terminal 
spikes,  with  the  floral  leaves  reduced  to  bracts.  Bracts  within  the 
false-whorls  minute,  or  rarely  subuhite  and  as  long-  as  the  calyx. 

The  genus  is  chiefly  extratropical  and  most  abundant  in  Europe  and  Northern  Asia, 
with  one  or  two  North  American   species   scarcely  different  from  Asiatic  ones,  so  also 
the  very  few  tropical  Asiatic  forms  are  but  slight  modifications  of  common  northeru 
VOL.  V.  G 


gO  XCIII.    LABIATM.  [Meiitha. 

ones.     The  six  following  Australian  spccies  are  all  enderaic.     They  appear  as  difficult 

to  definc  hy  positive  characters,  and  to  pass  into  each  other  as  gradually  as  the  species 

allied  to  M.  arvensis  in  the  northern  hemisphere.     Tliey  all  beiong  to  tlie  group  with 

axillary  false-wliorls,  and  one  of  them  comes  very  near  indeed  to  the  almost  ubiquitous 

Jtl.   arrensts,   the  gonuine  forms  of  which   have   not  however  as  yet    appeared    in 

Australia. 

Leaves  all  toothcd.     Flowers   numerous    in  tbe   false   wborls. 

Pedicels  usually  as  long  as  the  calyx 1.  M.laxiflora. 

Leaves  mostly  toothed.     Flowers   less   numerous,    the   coroUa 

fully  5  lines  long.     Pedicels  short 2.  M.  grandiflora. 

Lcaves  all  or  mostly  entire.      Pedicels  very  short  (except  where 
the  flowers  are  very  few). 
Flowers  numerons,  rather  large.  Calyx-teeth  subulate.  Corolla 

under  4  lines  long.     Leaves  lanceolate 3.  31.  aiistralis. 

Flowers  less  nnmerous  and  smaller.      Calyx-teeth  lanceolate- 

subulate.     Leaves  small  ovate 4.  M.  gracilis. 

Flowers  few  in  tbe  false-whorls  and  small.  Calyx-teeth  lanceo- 

late,  somewhat  hairy  inside.     Leaves  nearly  sessile  ,     .     .     5.  M.  serpyllifolia. 
Flowers  few  in  the  false-whorls  and  small.     Calyx-teeth  short, 

densely  hairy  inside.     Leaves  ovate  to  oblong-Iinear      .     .     &.  M.  satureioides. 

Besides  the  above,  the  two  foUowing  European  species  have  been  sent  amongst  the 
plants  introduced  into  Australia. 

M .  viridis,  lAnn.  \  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  168.  Stems  erect,  1  to  2  feet  high, 
glabrous  as  well  as  the  foliage.  Leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  ovate-lanceolate,  irregu- 
larly  serrate.  False-whorls  in  a  loose  cylindrical  terminal  leafless  spike,  the  floral  leaves 
reduced  to  small  narrow  bracts.  Calyx  usually  hairy. — Borders  of  streams,  Mount  Lofty 
Kange,  F.  Mueller. 

M.  aqvatica,  Linn. ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  170.  Erect,  1  to  2  ft.  high,  more  or 
less  hirsute.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  serrate,  the  floral  ones  similar 
except  the  upper  ones,  which  are  reduced  to  small  bracts.  Flowers  numerous  in  a 
rather  large  terminal  nearly  globularfalse-whorl,  with  the  addition  frequently  of  one  or 
more  similar  false-whorls  a  little  lower  down  or  in  the  upper  axils. — Bordcrs  of  streams, 
&c.,  Karrie  Dale  and  throughout  the  Warree  country,  W.  Australia,  Walcott;  Tone 
river,  Maxicell. 

1.  M.  laxiflora,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  174.  Stems  -weak,  pro- 
ciimbent,  from  under  1  ft.  to  near  2ft.  liigh,  more  or  less  hirsute  on 
tbe  ano-les  as  well  as  the  foliag'e.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  ovate- 
oblong",  obtuse,  toothed,  the  lloral  ones  similar.  Flowers  in  loose 
axillary  false-whorls,  the  pedicels  usually  as  long'  as  or  even  long'er  than 
the  calyx.  Calyx  hi.^pid,  about  l^  lines  long-,  tlie  lobes  lanceolate,  as 
long-  as  the  tube,  scarcely  villous  inside.  Corolla  twice  as  long'  as  the 
calyx,  tlie  limb  4-lobed,  the  upper  lobe  scarcelv  notched. 

Victoria. — Port  Philip,  Gunn;  Buffalo  Bange,  Mount  William,  Mount  Disappoiut- 
ment,  Baliarat,  &c.,  F.  Mueller ;  Ararat,  Green. 

This  is  not  easily  to  be  distinguished  from  some  rather  anomalous  loose  flowered 
Europcan  forms  of  M.  arvensis,  the  foliage  is  quite  different  from  that  of  the  more  com- 
mon  Australian  species. 

1?.  M.  grandiflora,  Bcnfh.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Amtr.  3G2  a)id  in  DC. 
Prod.  xii.  (it>S.  JSottly  pul)escent.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate,  mostly 
toothed,  ^  to  I  in.  lon^-.  False-whorls  all  axillary,  loose  and  not  many- 
flowered,  but  the  pedicels  all  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Calyx  about 
2^  lines  long-,  the  teeth  lanceolate  or  lanceolate-subulate,  scarcely 
villous  inside.     Corolla  ftilly  5  lines  long-,  the  tube  ratlier  long-er  than 


Mentha.]  xciii.  labiatte.  83 

tlie  calyx,  tlie  upper  lobe  deeply  notclied  or  shortly  bifid.     Stamens  and 
style  mnch  long-er  than  the  coroUa. 

Queensland.  On  the  Maranoa,  Mitchell.  The  specimens  are  but  few,  and  may 
licioiiltor  provc  to  bo  exceptional,  but  tbe  flowcrs  are  mnch  larger  than  those  of  any 
Meiitha  known  to  nie,  and  the  foliage  is  nearer  that  of  M.  laxiflora  than  of  M.  australis, 
with  which  F.  Muelier  unitcs  the  species,  without  bowever  having  seen  thc  specimens. 

8.  M.  australis,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  505.  Stems  erect  or  ascending-, 
])ranchod,  1  to  2  feet  higli,  usually  scabrous  on  the  ang-les.  Leaves 
hinceohite  or  rarely  ovate-hinceolate,  quite  entire  or  here  and  there 
sparingly  toothed,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole  or  almost  sessile, 
g-hibrous  or  hoary-pubescent  especially  underneath,  often  above  1  in. 
long-.  Flowers  in  axillary  false-whorls,  usually  numerous,  on  very 
short  pedicels  or  quite  sessile.  Calyx  narrow,  hoary-pubescent  or 
villous,  2  to  nearly  3  lines  long-,  the  teeth  subulate  or  narrow-lan- 
ceolate,  very  acute,  sliglitly  villous  inside.  Corolhi-tube  not  exceeding- 
the  calyx,  the  lobes  shorter  than  the  tube,  the  upper  one  more  or  less 
deeply  2-lobed,  the  whole  corolla  under  4  lines  long-. — Benth.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xii.  174;  Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm.  i.  281  -,  Micro»ieria  australis,  Benth. 
Lab.  Gen.  et  Sp.  380. 

Queensland.     In  the  interior,  Mitchell. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Hawkesbury  river,  R.  Brown  ;  Darling  river,  Mrs.  Ford ;  on  the 
Murrumbidgee,  F.  Mueller. 
Victoria.     Mitchell ;  Wendu  vale,  Hobertson,  Yarra  river  and  Sandy  Creek,  F. 

Mueller. 

Tasmania.     Port  Dab-yraple,  R.  Brown  ;  common  in  marshy  places,  /.  D.  Hoolcer. 

S.  Australia.  From  the  Murray  river,  Behr.,  to  St.  Vincenfs  Gulf,  F.  Mueller  and 
others ;  towards  Spencer's  Gulf,  Warhurton  ;  Cooper's  Creek,  HowitVs  Expedition. 

The  difterences  observed  in  the  upper  lobe  of  the  corolla  of  this  and  the  allied  species, 
deeply  lobed,  notcbed  only,  or  eutire,  require  further  observation  to  ascertain  whether 
they  are  really  of  specific  constancy. 

4.  M.  gracilis,  R.  Br.  Prod.  505.  Very  nearly  allied  to  M.  austraUs, 
of  which  Archer  considers  it  as  a  variety,  but  a  smaller  more  diffuse 
and  branching-  plant,  rarely  attaining- 1  ft,,  hoarj^-pubescent  or  g-labrous 
like  that  species,  but  the  stems  much  smoother.  Leaves  petiolate, 
ovate  or  rarely  ovate-lanceolate,  entire  or  scarcely  toothed,  under  1  in. 
and  often  not  ^  in.  long-.  Flowers  much  smaller  than  in  M.  australis 
and  rather  fewer  in  the  false-whorls,  the  pedicels  exceedingly  short  or 
scarcely  any.  Calyx  1|  to  about  2  lines  long-,  the  teeth  lanceolate  or 
lanceolate-subulate,  not  very  hairy  inside.  Corolla-tube  shorter  than 
the  calyx,  the  lobes  much  shorter  than  the  tube,  the  upper  one  scarcely 
notched.— Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  174}  Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm.  i.  281 ; 
M.  dicmcniea,  Spreng-.  Syst.  ii.  724  j  Micromeria  gracilis,  Benth.  Lab. 
Gen.  et  Sp.  380. 

Victoria.  Mouth  of  the  Glenelg  river,  Allitt ;  near  Melbourne,  Adamson  (with 
hirger  narrower  leaves,  but  small  flowers) ;  Creswick,  Whan  ;  Gipps  Land,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Poit  Dalrymple,  R.  Brown ;  in  stony  places  not  unfrequent,  /.  D. 
Hooher. 

5.  Australia.  Onkaparinga  nvcr,  F.  Mueller ;  Rapide  Bay,  Malpas.  Tbe  northern 
specimens  referred  to  this  species  by  F.  Mueller  (Fragm.  vi.  109)  appear  to  me  all  to 
belong  to  M.  satureioides. 

g2 


84  xciii.  labiat.t:.  [Mentlia. 

b.  M.  serpyllifolia,  Bnith.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  174.  A  slender 
diffiise  perciiiiiul,  ofton  creeping-  at  the  base,  the  filiform  ascending 
stems  rarelv  above  G  in.  lono-,  g-labrous  or  very  sligbtly  pubescent. 
Leaves  very  shortly  petiolate  or  ahno^t  sessile,  ovate,  entire  or  rarely 
obscurely  toothed,  under  J  in.  and  often  not  l  in.  long'.  Flowers  small, 
few,  in  ^axilhiry  false-whorls  of  4  to  6  or  sometimes  reduced  to  2 
opposite  liowers.  Calyx  about  li  hnes  long-,  the  teeth  lanceolate,  acute, 
villous  inside  but  miich  less  so  than  in  M.  satvrcioidcs.  Corolla  not 
twice  as  lon"-  as  the  calyx,  the  upper  lobe  usually  shortly  bifid.— 
Hook.  f  FL  Tasm.  i.  281  ;  Micromcria  scssilis  and  M.  ojfinis,  Ilook.  f. 
in  llook.  Lond.  Journ.  vi.  274. 

Victoria.  King  river,  Guichen  Bay,  Mount  Disappoiutment,  Wilson^s  Proniontory, 
&c,  F.  Mucller. 

Tasmania.     Not  uncommon  in  marshes  in  various  paiis  of  the  island,  Gunn. 

S.  Australia.     Toireus  river,  F.  Mueller. 

Possibly  a  varicty  of  M.  gracilis.  The  Victorian  aud  S.  Australian  ppecimens  are 
less  characteristic  tliau  tiie  Tasmauian  ones. 

C.  M.  satureioides,  h'.  Br.  Prod.  505.  A  small  much-branched 
erect  or  diftuse  ])erennial,  under  1  ft.  and  often  only  a  few  inches  hig-h, 
glabrous  or  minutely  hoary-pubescent.  Leaves  petiolate  or  sometimes 
almost  sessile,  usually  oblong-  or  oblono--lanceolate,  but  varying-  from 
ovate  to  almost  linear,  obtuse,  entire,  under  J  in.  long-  when  broad,  some- 
times  nearly  1  in.  when  narrow.  Flowers  usually  6  or  fewer  rarely 
rather  more,  in  axillary  false-whorls.  Pedicels  shorter  than  the  calyx 
and  often  very  short.  Calyx  l^  to  nearly  2  lines  long-,  the  teeth 
shortly  lanceolate  or  triangular,  always  densely  villous  inside  with 
white  hairs,  readily  distinguishing  this  species  from  all  others.  Corolla 
small,  the  uii])er  lobe  usually  shortly  bifid. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii. 
174 ;  Microincria  saturciuidvs,  Benth.  Lab.  Gen.  et  Sp.  380  ;  Bartl.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  ;J.")4. 

Queensland.  Burnett  river  and  Moreton  Bay,  F.  Mueller ;  Kockhamptou,  TJiozet; 
Darliut;  J)n\viis,  Lau. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  B.  Brown,  Sieler,  n.  491,  and 
others ;  northward  to  llastings,  Maclcay  and  Clareuce  rivevs,  JlecJder ;  New  England, 
C.  Stuart ;  Castlei-cagh  river,  C'.  Moore;  \\\  the  interior  to  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cumdng- 
Jtam  ;  ou  the  Murrumbidgee,  F.  Mueller. 

Victoria.  ]5acchus  Marsh,  Loddon  river,  Creswick  Creek,  Macalister  river,  &;.,  F. 
Muellcr  ;  Wimincra,  JJallacJiy. 

S.  Australia.  Near  Bethanie,  BeJir.  ;  Oukaparinga  rivcr,  St.  Yincent's  Giilf,  Port 
Linrnhi,  &c,,  /:  MuelJcr. 

W.  Australia.  King  George'8  Sound,  Buegel ;  Blackwood  rivei-,  Walcott  ;  Swan 
river,  Vruminond,  \st  coll.  n.  458,  Preiss,  n.  2322  a,  2323,  2324. 

9.  LYCOPUS,  Linu. 

Calyx  equally  4-  or  5-toothed.  Corolla-tube  short,  limb  noarly 
equally  4-lobed.  Two  upper  stamens  reduced  to  small  filiform 
staminodia  sometimes  capitellate  at  the  top  ;  the  2  lower  ones  perfect, 
distant,  with  2-celled  anthers.  Style  shortly  bilid.  Nuts  smooth, 
with  three  callous  angles  and  truncate  at  the  top.— Perennial  herbs, 


LlJCOpus.\  Xflll.    LABIAT^.  85 

usually  emitting"  stolones.  Flowers  small,  usually  numerous,  in  dense 
axillary  false-whorls.  Bracts  within  the  false-whorls  minute,  or  the 
outer  ones  as  long-  as  the  calyx. 

Tbe  genus  consists  of  very  few  species,  or  varieties,  dispersed  over  the  temperate 
regions  of  tlie  northern  hemisphere,  the  only  Australian  species  scarcely  differing  from 
some  of  the  northern  forms. 

1.  L.  australis,  B.  Br.  Prod.  500.  An  erectherb,  attaining-  some- 
times  2  or  3  ft.,  ghibrous  or  sprinkled  with  a  few  minute  hairs.  Leaves 
hmceohite,  acuminate,  bordered  by  a  few  rather  coarse  acute  teeth,  con- 
tracted  into  a  short  petiole  or  nearly  sessile,  often  3  or  4  in.  long-, 
usually  scabrous  with  very  short  rig-id  hairs  or  small  tubercles,  Flowers 
in  dense  axillary  false-whorls,  intermixed  with  subulate  or  linear- 
hmceohite  bracts,  of  which  the  outer  ones  often  exceed  the  calyx. 
Cah^x  \h  lines  long-  or  rather  more,  with  5  acute  hxnceolate  teeth 
long-er  than  the  tube.  Corolla  scarcely  exceeding-  the  calyx,  the  lobes 
shorter  than  the  tube.  Staminodia  small,  usually  clavate  at  the  end, 
but  apparentlv  variable ;  perfect  stamens  long"er  or  shorter  than  the 
corolhi.— Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  178;  Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm.  i.  282. 

Queensland.     Burnett  river,  Daly. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Port  Jackson,  B.  Broion  and  others  ;  New  England,  C  Stuart. 

Victoria.  Port  Phillip,  R.  Browii ;  Wendu  river,  Rohertson ;  near  Melbourne, 
F.  Muelkr. 

Tasmania.  Derwent  river,  B.  Brown;  not  uncommon  iu  moist  shady  places, 
G\inn. 

S.  Australia.     Third  Creek,  F.  MueUer. 

Tribe  III.  MoNARDE^. — Stameus  2;  anthers  with  one  linear  or 
oblong-linear  perfect  cell,  the  other  cell  either  entirely  abortive  or 
barren  and  deformed,  or  rarely  perfect  in  species  or  g-enera  not  Austra- 
lian,  the  connective  usually  elong-ated  and  filiform.  Corolla  usually 
2-Hpped.     Nuts  smooth  or  minutely  granular. 

10.  SALVIA,   Linn. 

Calyx  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  entire  or  with  3  minute  teeth,  the 
lower  Hp  2-cleft.  Corolla  with  the  upper  Hp  erect,  concave  or  arched, 
entire  or  scarcely  notched,  the  lower  Hp  spreading-,  3-lobed,  the  middle 
lobe  often  notched  or  divided.  Stamens  2,  but  easily  mistaken  for  4, 
the  real  fihiments  very  short,  the  fiHform  connective  appearing-  Hke 
branclies  of  the  filament,  with  a  sing-le  oblong;-Hnear  anther-cell  at  the 
upper  end,  and  at  the  lower  end  a  small  empty  cell,  usually  much  de- 
formed  or  quite  rudimentary,  rarely  almost  perfect. — Herbs,  shrubs  or 
trees,  exceeding-Iy  diversified  in  habit  and  infiorescence. 

A  vei  y  large  genus,  widely  distributed  ovor  the  temperate  and  warmer  regions  of  the 
glube,  although  within  the  tropics  the  majnrity  of  species  are  mountain  plants.  In 
Aiistralia  however  it  is  exceptioiially  limited  to  a  single  species,  anJ  that  a  common 
one  in  tropical  Asia,  and  belouging,  moreover,  to  an  Asiatic  section  sparingly  represented 
in  Africa. 

1.  S.  plebeia,  7?.  Br.,  Prod.  501.  An  erect  branching-  pubescent  or 
hairy  coarse  annual,  1  to  2  or  even  3  ft.  hig-h,  the  infiorescence  some- 


gCi  XCIII.    LABIAlVr.  [Sfilviu. 

times  o-landular-visciil  Leaves  petiolate,  oblong-  or  lanceolate,  obtuse 
or  aciite  ruj^ose,  li  to  3in.  long-.  Flowers  exceedingly  small,  in  false- 
whorls  of  6"  forrning-  branched  paniculate  racemes.  Calyx  pubescent, 
ovoid  and  1  Hne  long  when  in  flower,  reflexed  campanuhite  and  2  lines 
lon"-  when  in  fruit,  the  upper  lip  entire,  recurved,  obtuse  or  obscurely 
I)ointed.  Corolla  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx,  the  upper  lip  short 
erect  and  concave.  Connectives  of  the  anthers  free  at  the  lower  end 
with  a  small  barren  anther-celL — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  355. 

Queensland.  Burdekin  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Eockbarapton,  Thozet,  0'Shanesy ; 
Kennedv  District,  Baintree  ;  Darling  Downs,  Lau. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Hawkesbury,Nepeanand  Paterson  rivers,  B.  Broion  ;  Nepean  river, 
WooUs ;  Argyle  county,  A.  Cunningham  ;  Hastings  river,  BecUer  ;  New  England,  C. 
Stuart. 

Victoria.     Tambo,  Snowy  and  Broadribbe  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

Tbe  spccics  is  common  in  E.  India,  extending  from  Cabul  to  tbe  Pbilippines  and 
nortbward  to  Pekin  and  Japan. 

Amongst  tbe  introduced  plants  in  F.  Mueller's  and  otbers  berbaria  are  tbe  foUow- 
ing  species  of  Salvia : — 

S.  verhenaca,  Linn. ;  Bentb.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  294,  a  coarse  erect  sligbtly  brancbed 
perennial  of  1  to  2  ft.  Lower  leaves  petiolato,  ovate,  coarsely  tootbed  or  lobed,  i-ugose, 
tbo  upper  onos  sessile  broader  and  sborter.  Flowers  small,  blue,  in  false-whorls  of  about 
6,  forming  terminal  sligbtly  brancbed  racemes,  tbe  floral  leaves  reduced  to  beart-sbaped 
bracts,  tlie  upper  iip  of  the  calyx  witb  minute  connivent  teetb,  tbe  corolla  not  twice  tbe 
lengtb  of  the  calyx,  witb  a  somewbat  arcbed  uppor  lip.  Connectives  of  tbe  antbers 
dilated  and  cobering  at  tbe  lower  end.  A  commoa  European  weed  said  to  be  natu- 
ralised  near  Batburst,  at  Swan  Hill,  &c. 

S.  pratensis,  Linn. ;  Bentb.  l.c.  289.  Near  S.  verhenaca,  with  a  similar  fioral  structure, 
but  the  stems  less  leafy,  the  leaves  being  chiefly  radical,  and  the  flowers  very  much 
larger,  of  a  deep  blue,  witb  a  long  arched  upper  Hp.  Also  a  common  European  plant  of 
whicb  tbere  is  an  Australian  fragment  in  Ilerb.  F.  Mueller,  with  tbe  foUowing. 

S.  sclarea,  Linn.  ;  Bentli.  l.c.  281.  A  coarse  herb  more  branched  thau  tbe  preceding. 
Leaves  mostly  radical,  broad,  soft,  very  rugose  and  often  woolly  white,  the  bract-like 
floral  ones  broad  and  more  or  less  coloured.  Calyx  mucb  larger  tban  in  tbe  preceding, 
more  open,  with  tbe  upper  lip  deeply  3-toothed.  Corolla  pale  blue,  ratbor  large,  the 
upper  lip  arcbed.  A  native  of  the  Mediterranean  regiou,  established  (in  Victoria  ?)  as 
an  escape  from  gardens. 

S.  coccinea,  Linn. ;  Benth.  l.c.  343.  Erect  brancbingand  almost  sbrubby,  hoarj^-pubes- 
cent.  Leaves  ratber  small.  CoroIIa  scarlet,  the  upper  lip  short  and  erect,  the  lower 
large  and  broad.  A  North  American  plant,  a  very  old  inmate  of  gardens,  said  to  have 
established  itself  about  Eockbampton. 

Tribe  IV.  Staciiyde^. — Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending-  iinder 
the  iipper  lip  of  the  corolla,  the  k)west  pair  the  longest.  Anthers 
2-celled.  Corolla  with  the  upper  lip  concave  or  keeled.  Nuts  dry, 
smooth  or  g-ranular-tuberculate. 

11.  PRUNELLA,  Linn. 
(Bruuella  of  older  authors.) 

Calyx  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  flat,  truncate,  shortly  3-toothed,  the 
lower  with  'J  lanceohite  lobes.  Corolla-tube  as  long-  as  or  kinger  than 
the  calyx,  the  upj^er  Hp  erect,  short,  broad,  concave,  uearly  entire,  the 
lower  one  spreading,  3-Iobed.  Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  ascending  under 
the  upper  lip,  each   filament  Avith  a  smuU  tooth  under  the  anthers. 


Pn/neUti.]  xciii.   labiat^.  S7 

Antlier-cells  distinct,  divaricate.  Style  bifid  at  tlie  top.  Nuts  oblono-, 
smooth. — Perennial  herbs,  nsiially  decumbent  at  the  base.  Flowers  in 
false-whorls  of  0,  forminy  densc  terminal  spikes,  with  bract-Hke  floral 
leaves. 

A  genus  of  very  few  species,  very  widely  dispersed  over  tlie  temperate  regions  and 
tropical  mountains  of  botii  the  New  and  the  Old  World.  Tlie  only  Australian  species 
is  the  common  one  over  the  whole  range  of  the  genus. 

1.  P.  vulgaris,  Lmn. ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  410.  Stems  pro- 
cumbent  or  shortly  creeping-  at  the  base,  the  flowering-  branches 
ascending-  sometimes  to  above  1  ft.,  more  or  less  sprinkled  as  well  as 
the  foliag-e  witli  short  rigid  hairs,  rarely  giabrous.  Leaves  petiolate, 
hinceohite  or  ovate-hmceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  entire  or  somewhat 
toothed,  1  to  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  purplish  bhie  or  rarely  white,  iii 
false-whorls  of  0,  forming-  a  dense  terminal  spike,  the  bract-like  floral 
leaves  broad,  shortly  pointed,  often  coloured,  about  as  long-  as  the  calyx. 
Fruiting-calyx  usually  about  4  lines  long-,  the  upper  lip  broad  and  flat, 
the  lobes  of  the  lower  lip  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  as  long-  as  the  upper 
lip.  Corolla  varying-  from  a  little  longer  than  the  calyx  to  twice  as 
long.— R.  Br.  Prod.  50?  ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  282. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown  and  others ; 
Hastings,  Macleay,  and  Clarence  rivers,  BecJder ;  New  Enghxnd,  C.  Stuart. 

Victoria.  Towards  the  Glenelg,  Bohertson  ;  moist  shady  places,  Creswiclc  Creek, 
BalLan,  &c.,  F.  Mueller ;  Emu  Creek,  Whan. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrymijle,  B.Brown;  common  throughout  the  island  by  way- 
sides,  in  pastures,  &c.,  J.  D.  Hooler. 

S.  Australia.     Torrens  river,  F.  Mueller;  Eapide  Bay,  Jlalpas. 

The  species  is  common  in  Europe,  northern  Asia  and  North  America,  extending 
within  the  tropics  into  the  mountainous  regions  of  Asia  and  South  America. 


12.  SCUTELLARIA,  Linn. 

Calyx  divided  into  2  entire  Hps,  the  upper  one  bearing-  on  its  l)ack  a 
hoHow  scale-Hke  protuberance.  CoroUa  with  a  rather  long-  tube,  and 
small  nearly  closed  Hps,  the  upper  one  concave,  emarginate,  the 
lower  Hp  convex,  spreading-,  emarginate  at  the  end,  the  hateral  lobes 
more  frequently  connate  with  the  upper  Hp  than  with  the  lower. 
Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  ascending  under  the  upper  Hp ;  anthers  ciHate, 
those  of  the  upper  pair  ^-ceHed,  those  of  the  lower  l-ceHed  by  the 
abortion  of  the  second  ceH.  Style  with  the  upper  stigmatic  lobe  ex- 
ceecHngiy  short.  Nuts  g-ranular-tuberculate,  raised  on  a  short  obHcpie 
stalk. — Herbs  or  rarely  shrubs.  Flowers  soHtary  within  each  floral 
leaf,  either  opposite  and  axiHary  or  in  terminal  racemes  or  spikes. 

The  genus  is  widely  distributed  over  the  temperate  and  some  of  the  warmer  regions 
both  of  the  New  and  the  Old  World.  The  Australian  species  are  both  endemic,  although 
one  of  them  bears  considerable  resemblance  to  a  common  northern  one. 

Pubescent.     Leaves  often  above  1  in.  long.    CoroUa  about  5  lines  long, 

the  lower  lip  much  longer  than  tlie  upper 1.  S.  mollis. 

Ghibrous  or  nearly  so.    Leaves  rarelj'  above  4  in.     CoroUa  about  3  lines 

long,  the  lower  lip  rather  longer  than  the  upper 2.  /S.  htimilis. 


88  xciii.   i.ABiAT.i:.  [SciitcUuriu. 

1.  S.  mollis,  /i'.  ///•.  Pr<i<}.  oOr.  A  pereniiial  witli  a  sleuder  creeping- 
rootstock  and  weak  slio-htly  branched  ascending-  stems  of  1  ft.  or  more, 
the  angles  acute  and  pubescent.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  the  upper 
ones  ovate-lanceolate,  the  lower  ones  sometimes  cordate,  coarsel}^ 
toothed,  jmbescent  with  short  hairs  or  more  densely  villous  wlien 
young-,  the  hirger  ones  above  1  in.  long,  the  upper  tioral  ones  gTadually 
smalier  and  narrower,  almost  passing-  into  bracts.  Pedicels  axillary, 
turned  both  to  one  side,  2  to  Ji  lines  long.  Calyx  hirsute,  scarcely  as 
long-  as  tlie  pedicel.  Corolla  pale  blue,  about  o  lines  hing,  the  tube 
shortlv  exserted,  the  lower  lip  considerablv  longer  than  the  upper  one. 
— Bentli.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  ^2S. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  tbe  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  A.  and  R.  Cun- 
ninr/ham,  and  othcrs. 

Victoria.     Nangatta  niountains,  F.  Jltieller. 

2.  S.  humilis,  F.  Br.  Prod.  507.  A  perennial  with  a  slender  creeping- 
rootstock  aud  atcending  stems,  like  S.  mollis,  but  much  smaller  in  all 
its  parts  and  nearly  giabrous  or  only  minutely  pubescent.  Stems 
usuallv  under  0  in,  and  rarely  when  very  hixuriant  nearly  a  foot  long- 
and  tlien  not  so  weak  as  in  S.  moUis.  Lower  leaves  petiolate,  broadly 
ovate  or  almost  orbicular,  usually  cordate,  marked  with  a  few  deep 
crenatures  or  ahnost  lobed,  rarely  above  h  in.  long-,  the  lower  floral 
ones  often  the  hirgest  on  long  petioles  and  ahnost  deltoid,  the  upper 
ones  gradually  smaller,  narrower  and  with  shorter  petioles,  but  none 
quite  sessile.  Pedicels  axillary,  both  turned  to  one  side,  1  to  3  lines 
long'.  Calyx  minutel}'  pubescent.  CoroHa  aljout  3  lines  long-,  the 
lower  Hp  ratlier  lona-er  than  the  upper  one. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii. 
42?  ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  283. 

W.  S.  'Wales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Broicn ;  Mudgee,  Woolls ;  Liverpool  plains, 
A.  Cuniiingham;  New  England,  C.  >Stuart. 

Victoria.     Varra   river,   Darebin   Creek,   Bacchus   marsh,   &c.,   F.   MucUer  and 

OthtTS. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrymple,  R.  Broum  ;  very  common  in  rich  soil  in  the  northern 
partsofthe  island,  ./.  £).  Hooher.  Some  oi  /Stury'8  specimens  remarkably  luxuriant 
aiul  iicarly  1  i\.  high. 

S.  Australia.     Kangaroo  island,  7?.  Broicn,  Seah/. 
_  The  species  is  nearly  allied  to  the  Europcan  and  Asiatic  S.  minor  and  to  the  N.  Ame- 
rican  S.  parvula. 

13.  ANISOMELES,  R.  Br. 

Calyx  o-nei  ved,  6-toothed,  CuroHa-tube  about  as  long  as  the  calyx, 
the  upper  Hp  erect.  entire,  short  and  somewhat  concave ;  lower  lip 
longer,  spreading,  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  hirger  than  the  others, 
emar<>inate  or  2-lobed.  Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  projecting-  from  the  u])per 
hp  of  the  corolla;  anthers  of  the  u]iper  j^air  1-celled,  of  the  lower  pair 
2-celled,  all  the  cells  parallel  and  transverse.  Nuts  smooth. — Coarse 
herbs.  Fh)wors  in  falso-whorls  either  dense  or  developed  into  oj)posite 
cymes,  all  axiUary  or  forming  tcrminal  racemes, 

The  genus  consists  of  very  few  but  very  variable  .«pecies,  common  in  tropical  Asia, 
scarceiy  extending  into  E.  Africa.     The  Australian  forms,  whether  regarded  as  one  or 


Allisoilicles.]  XCIII.    luABlATM.  89 

as  four  or  live  species,  are  supposcd  to  be  eiideniic,  but  they  .ipprnacli  very  near  to  a 
few  of  tiie  nanower-leavL-d  E.  Indian  varieties  of  A.  ovata  .md  A.  Ileyneana. 

1.  A.  salvifolia,  li.  Br.  Prod.  503.  A  coarse  erect  lierb,  attaining-  2 
to  3  ft.  or  even  more,  very  variable  in  indnmentum  and  in  the  develope- 
ment  of  the  inflorescence,  freqnently  hoarv-tomentose  or  ahnost  woolly 
without  s])reading  hairs,  or  when  the  phant  is  o-reener  often  hispid 
with  sjireading-  luiirs  especially  on  the  angles  of  the  stem,  the  calyxes 
and  intlorescence  more  or  less  ghinduhxr-viscid  in  tlie  liispid  forms,  the 
ghmds  less  conspicuous  or  entirely  concealed  in  the  tomentose  ones. 
Leaves  huiceohite  or  ovate-hmceolate,  or  rarely  ahnost  ovate  in  the 
small  Howered  forms,  coarsely  toothed,  the  hirger  ones  2  to  4  in. 
kmg  contracted  into  a  petiole,  the  lloral  ones  passing  into  small  bracts, 
all  from  thick  soft  and  densely  woolly  tomentose  on  both  sides  to  green 
and  pubescent  only  or  ahnost  glabrous.  Flowers  variously  described  as 
pink,  bhie  or  pale  purple,  in  loose  false-whorls  generally  turned  to 
one  side,  the  lower  ones  sometimes  axillary,  the  upper  ones  forming* 
interrupted  or  dense  irreguhar  terminal  racemes  or  thyrsoid  panicles. 
As  the  Howering  advances  the  primary  branches  of  each  cyme  often 
lengthen  out  to  above  h,  in.,  with  the  llowers  all  erect  on  the  upper 
side.  Pedicels  very  short,  each  in  the  axil  of  a  small  hnear  bract. 
Cah^:  usually  about  2  hnes  when  the  llower  first  opens,  but  lengthening- 
to  3,  4  or  even  5  liues,  the  tube  6-angled,  the  teeth  hmceolate  or  more 
or  less  sidjulate,  shorter  than  the  tube.  Corolla-tube  scarcely  so  long* 
as  the  calyx  and  the  upper  lip  still  shorter ;  lower  hp  at  least  twice  as 
long  as  the  upper.     Nuts  shining-. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  455. 

N.  Australia.     From  tlie  N.W.  coast  to  tiie  Gulf  of  Carpentaria. 

Queensland.  From  Cape  York  to  Moreton  Bay,  but  not  seen  from  far  into  the 
interior. 

The  very  different  aspects  given  to  the  specimens  by  the  diverslties  in  tlie  indu- 
mentum  must  at  first  suggest  the  existence  of  several  species,  and,  had  we  only  Brown's 
speciniens,  we  should  without  hesitation  have  adopted  the  three  he  has  proposed;  but 
with  the  very  large  number  from  various  localities  now  before  me,  I  am  unable  to  assigu 
any  positive  limits  to  any  of  the  following  : — 

1.  Covered  with  a  very  dense  soft  white  or  hoary  toraentum,  sometimes  thick  and 
almost  wooUy,  sometimes  close  and  cottony — the  typical  A.  salvifolia,  Br. — Islands  of 
the  Gidf  of  Carpentaria,  H.  Broion  ;  Arnhem's  Laiid,  M'Kinlay]  Victoria  river  and 
Sturfs  Cieek,  F.  MueUer  ;  Escape  Cliffs,  Halls ;  Kenuedy  district,  Queenshxnd,  Dain- 
tree  ;  Nerkool  Creek,  Bowman  ;  Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

2.  More  loosely  tomentose,  the  hairs  scarcely  spreading,  the  tomentum  less  white, 
passing  through  some  specimens  into  the  next  form. — N.W.  coast  and  Port  Essington, 
A.  Cunningham  ;  Sweers  island,  Henne  :  and  the  commonest  form  throughout  Queens- 
hmd,  not  far  from  the  coast,  and  in  the  adjoining  islands,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser, 
M^OiUivray,  BidwiU,  F.  MueUer,  Henne,  DaUaehy,  Bowman,  and  many  otliers. 

3.  Greeiier,  pubescent,  or  nearly  ghxbnnis,  scarcely  tomentose,  but  without  spreading 
hairs,  the  intforescence  usually  looser  and  the  flowers  sinaller  than  in  the  densely  tomen- 
tose  forins. — Kockingham  Bay,  DaUacliy  ;  Trinity  island,  M'GiUirray.  To  this  form 
1  shnuhl  icfer  A.  moschata  and  A.  iHodora,  R.  Br.  Prod.  503,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii. 
455,  tbe  former  from  Keppel  and  Shoalwater  Baj^s,  leading  towards  the  coiumon  Queens- 
hiiid  form  (n.  2),  the  latter  from  Prince  of  Wales  island  and  Arnhem  N.  Bay,  more 
ncarly  glabrous  than  any  other,  all  very  near  to  tho  E.  Indian  A.  Heyneaim. 

4  Scarcely  tomentose,  green,  more  or  less  hirsntc  with  spreadiiig  hairs. — Eocking- 
ham  Bay,  Dallachy ;  Gilbert  river,  F.  MueUer ;  the  latter  specimens  more  hispid  still 
than  Dallachy's. 


90  XCIII.    LAUIAT^.  \Ll'UCaS. 


14.  LEUCAS,  H.  Br. 

Calyx  erect,  straiglit  or  ciuved  and  oblique  at  tlie  top,  8-  to 
10-ribbed,  8-  to  10-tootbed.  Corolla-tube  not  long-er  than  the  calyx, 
the  upper  lip  erect,  concave,  entire  or  rarely  notched,  very  villous 
outside  ;  lower  lip  spreading-,  3-lobed,  Stamens  4,  ascending"  in  pairs 
under  the  u])per  Hp  ;  antliers  2-celIed.  Style  with  the  upper  stig-matic 
lobe  much  shorter  than  the  lower.  Nuts  dry,  smooth,  ti'iangular, 
ol^tuse.  —  Herl)s  or  undershrubs.  Flowers  in  axillary  false-whorls, 
white  or  rarely  purplish. 

A  considerablc  geiuis,  spread  over  tropical  and  subtropical  Asia  and  Africa.  The 
only  Australiau  species  is  closely  allied  to,  if  not  identical  witli,  one  of  tbe  Asiatic 
forms. 

1.  L.  flaccida,  7i'.  B>\  Prod.  505.  An  annualwith  a  hard  branching- 
dccumbent  base  and  ascending*  or  erect  Howering-  branches,  often 
virgate  or  wiry  and  above  a  foot  long-,  the  whole  plant  pubescent  or 
tomentose  with  soft  appressed  hairs.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  ovate, 
crenatc,  |  to  1  in.  long-,  the  upper  floral  ones  small.  Flowers  6  to  20 
or  even  more  tog-ether  in  axillary  false-whorls,  the  pedicels  exceeding-ly 
short,  the  subtending-  floral  leaves  usually  exceeding-  the  Howers,  the 
bracts  within  the  false  whorls  very  small.  Calyx  about  3  lines  long- 
wlien  in  Hower  and  not  much  enlarg-ed  afterwards,  straight,  10-ribbed, 
with  10  short  softly  subulate  teeth,  all  equal  or  the  alternate  ones 
rather  smaller.  Corolla  white  (or  blue  according-  to  Dallachy),  not  half 
as  long-  again  as  the  calyx. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  526. 

Queensland.  Endcavour  river,  Banhs  and  Solander  ;  Eockingbam  Bay,  Dallachy  ; 
Jloclchaniptoii,  Bownian,  0' Slianesy. 

A  few  specimens  of  apparcntly  the  sanie  species  have  been  received  iVom  the  Eastern 
Archipelago  and  froni  Burniah,  and  the  whole  may  not  be  specifically  distinct  from  the 
common  Pacific  ishind  L.  decemdentata,  Sm.  (JStachys  decemdentata,  Forst.),  which 
however  luis  much  smaller  calyxes  with  shorter  teeth. 

Var.  ?  petiolans.  Pctioles  longer  than  the  calyx,  as  in  L.  decemdentata,  but  the 
fragnientary  .s]>ecimens  appear  to  be  iu  an  abnormal  state,  and  the  calyxes  are  those  of 
L.Jiaccidu. — Cape  York,  M'Gillivray. 

Tribe  V.  Prostanthere^.  —  Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  all  bearing- 
anthers,  but  sometimes  one  cell  of  all  the  anthers  or  both  cells  of  the 
lower  pair  sterile  or  abortive,  Nuts  prominently  reticulate-rug'ose  or 
rarely  nearly  smootli,  the  pericarp  rather  thick.  Seeds  albuminous. 
Calyx  usually  10-  or  13-nerved,  very  rarely  15-nerved.  Corolla  with 
a  bruad  tliroat,  the  upper  lip  erect,  concave  or  nearly  flat,  broad  and 
enuirg-inate  or  2-lobed ;  lower  lip  spreading-,  3-lobed*,  long-er  than  or 
vei-y  rarely  shorter  than  the  upper  lip. 

B.  Brown  dcscribes  thc  albumeu  of  JProstanthera  as  "parcum  aut  nullum."  I  have 
founil  it  jircscnt  in  the  secds  of  a  considcrable  number  of  species  of  the  difierent  genera 
of  tlie  tribe  whicli  1  liave  now  examined,  sometimes  scanty,  often  rather  copious, 
although  never  pcrhaps  bo  ihick  us  is  tigured  by  Labillardiere.  F.  Mueller  has  also  rc- 
presentcd  the  albumen  of  Prostanthcra  sjnndsa  rathcr  thicker  than  I  observed  it,  but 
the  exact  proportion  of  tiie  embryo  to  thc  albunien  may  vary  iu  diffcrent  seeds  of  the 
same  plant,  according  to  the  conditiou  under  which  they  ripened. 


Frostauthcm.']  XCIII.    labiat^.  91 


15.  PROSTANTHERA,  R.  Br. 

(Chilodia  aud  Crypliia,  E.  Br.     Klaiideria,  F.  Muell.) 

Calyx-tube  nsually  striate,  tlie  liinb  2-lipped,  tlie  lips  entire  or  tlie 
lower  one  sliylitly  eniarg-inate.  Corolla-tube  short,  dilated  into  a  broad 
campanulate  throat,  the  upper  lip  erect,  usually  short,  slig-htly  concave, 
broadly  L'-lobed ;  the  lower  li])  spreadiny,  8-lobed,  long-er  or  in  one 
section  shorter  than  the  upper  Hp,  the  middle  lobe  larger  and  usually 
emarg-inate  or  2-lobed.  8tamens  4,  in  pairs ;  anthers  2-celled,  the 
connective  prominent  at  the  back,  sometimes  cristate  and  usually  pro- 
duced  into  one  or  two  linear  appendag-es  adnate  at  the  base  or  in  their 
whole  leng-th  to  the  back  of  the  cells,  most  frequently  one  of  them 
rarely  both  free  at  the  end  or  in  a  g-reat  part  of  their  leng'th,  sometimes 
produced  beyond  the  cell  and  tipped  with  a  crest  or  tuft  of  sliort  points 
or  liairs,  but  sometimes  botli  appendages  very  short  or  obsolete,  the 
anther-cells  themselves  usually  tipped  by  short  points,  not  crested,  and 
distinct  ti'om,  althoug"h  sometimes  mistaken  for,  the  ends  of  the  connec- 
tive-appendag"es.  Style  shortly  bifid  at  the  end.  Nuts  reticulate- 
rug-ose,  attached  eitlier  obliquely  at  the  base  or  adnate  hig'her  up. 
Seeds  albuminous. — Shrubs  or  undershrubs  studded  with  resinous 
g-lands  and  usually  strong-ly  scented.  Leaves  opposite.  Flowers 
solitary  in  the  axils  of  the  stem-leaves,  or  opposite  in  terminal  racemes, 
the  lloral  leaves  reduced  more  or  less  to  deciduous  bracts.  Pedicels 
with  a  pair  of  bracts  usually  close  under  the  calyx. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia,  the  greater  number  of  the  species  are  extratropicai 
and  two  only  are  natives  of  West  Australia. 

Sect.  I.  Euprostanthera. —  Corolla-throat  short  and  broad,  vjyj^er  lip  sltort, 
very  broad,  erect,  loicer  lip  niuch  lonyer  with  a  large  spreading  niiddle  lobe.  Calyx- 
lips  usually  closed  over  thefruit. 

Series  1.  Racemosse. — Floivers  in  terminal  racemes,  the  floral  ones  all  or  mosthj 
reduced  to  menibranous  or  broad  acuminate  or  very  decidaous  bracts. 

Leaves  mostly  above  1  in.  long,  on  rather  long  petiolcs,  flat  or 
nearly  so. 
One    anther-appendage    much  longer   than  the    cell.     Corolla 
pubescent. 
Leaves  mostly  oblong-lanceolate.     Bracts  narrow      .     .     .     .     1.  P.  lasianthos. 

Leaves  mostly  ovate.     Bracts  broad 2.  F.  prunelloldes. 

Antherappendages  both  shorter  than  the  cell.     Leaves  ovate. 

Leaves  rather  thick,  u&ually  entire.     Corolla  glabrous  .     .     .     3.  P  ccendea. 
Leaves  ratlier  thin,  coarsely  toothed.     CoroUa  pubescent    .     .     5.  F.  melissifolia. 
Leaves  mostly  4  in.  iong  or  smaller,  on  rather  long  petioles,  flat  or 
nearly  so.     Anther-appendages  shorter  than  the  cells. 
Leaves  mostly  about  \  in.  long,  orbicular  ovate  or  oblong. 

Leaves  rather  thick,  mostly  entire 4.  P.  ovalifolia, 

Leaves  rather  thin,  mostly  toothed. 

Lower  calyx-lip  longer  and  narrower  than  tlie  upper  one     .     6.  F.  incisa. 

Both  calyx-lips  broad  and  nearly  equal 7 .  F.  /Sieberi. 

Leaves  much  under  4  in-  long,  broadly  ovate  or  orbicular. 
Leaves   mostly  2    to   4   lines   long,   rathcr  thick,  entire   or 

filightly  crenate,  Uat.     Plant  slightiy  hoary 8.  P.  rotundifolia. 


92  xciii.    LAliiAT^.  [Prostunthcra. 

Leavcs  mostlv  1  to  2  lincs  lonfr,  iiot  so  thick,  crenate,  with 

shf^litlv  reviilntc  maririns.     Plant  pubcscent  or  hirsute   .     .     9.  -P.  violacea. 
Leaves  on  short  petioles,  with  revohite  margins. 

Lcaves  mo.stly  undcr  J  in.,  ovate,  crenate,  vcry  rugose.     Plant 

hirsiito.     Anthcr-appendages  sliorter  tlian  the  cells  .     .     .     .   10.  P.  incana. 
Leaves  iV  to  1    in.,  ovate   lanceohvte  or  h'near,  entire,  scarceiy 
rngose'.     Plaiit  hirsute.     Both  anthcrappendages  shortly  ex- 

ceeding  thc  cells _•     •     •_•     •     •    ,•     •   H.  P.  hlrtula. 

Leaves  fiom  \  in.  and  ovate  to  1  in.  and  h'near  entire,  sometimes 
echinate.     Plant  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous.     One  anther- 

appcndage  cxcceding  the  cell 12.  F.  denticulata. 

Reuies  2.  Convexse. — Leaves  small  or  narrow,  sessile  or  shorthj  pitiolate,  convex 
or  vith  revolute  mar(jins  when  dry  {nearhj  flat  in  P.  cuneata).     Flowcrs  a.riUari/,  the 
floral  leaves  similar  to  the  stem-ones  or  rather  smaller. 
Leavcs  ohovate  ovate  or  orhicular,  mostly  under  \  in.  long. 
Pnbescent-hirsute.     Leaves  ovate. 

Leaves  very  rugose,    crenate.       Anther-appendage    not  ex- 

ceeding  the  ceil 13.  F.rugosa. 

Leaves  not  rugose,  entire.      Anther-appendage  half  as  long 

again  as  the  cell 1 4.  P.  marifolia. 

Sliglitiy  pubescent.     Leaves  orbicular  or  rhomboidal.     Anther- 

appendage  not  exceeding  the  cell 15.  P.  rhomlea. 

Branches  pubesccnt.     Margins  of  the  leaves  very  slightly  re- 
curved.     Anther-appendage  twice  as  long  as  the  cell. 
Spinesccnt  wilh  oppiie.ite  slender  spines  of  4  in.    Leaves  ovate 

often  complicate  andrecurved 16.  F.  spinosa. 

Unarmed.     Leaves  obovate  or  cuneate,  nearly  flat    .     .     .     .17.  F.  cuneata. 
Leaves  linear,  \  to  1  in.  long. 

Calyx  glahrous  inside  or  nearly  so      Anther-appondage  twice  as 

lorig"as  thc  cell.     Plant  glabrous  oi-  nearly  so 18.  F.  linearis. 

Calyx  with  a  raiscd  transverse  pubescent  line  inside  at  the  base 
of  thc  upper  lip.     Anther-appendage  short  or  none. 
Glabrous  or  nearly  so.     Leaves  smooth,  mostly  ^  in.  or  more. 

Anther-appendage  nearly  as  long  as  tlie  cell 19.  F.phylicifolia. 

Pubesccnt  or  hirsute.     Leaves  about  \  in.  long,  scahrous,  de- 

cuspate.     Anthcr-appendage  nearly  as  long  as  the  cell   .     .  20.  F.  decussata. 
Glabrous  or  nearly  so.     Leaves    smooth,    about  4  in-    long. 

Anther-appendage  quite  obsolete 21,  F.  empetrifolia. 

Series  3.  Subconcavse. — Leaves  {small  ornarroiv),  sessile  or  very  shorthjp^etio- 
late,  concav",  or  with  incurved  margins  or  flat,  the  margins  never  recuri^ed.  Flowers 
axUlary,  the  floral  havcs  similar  to  the  stem  ones.  Antherappendaga  about  twice  as 
long  as  the  cell. 

Leaves  narrow,  qnite   entire  (ahove  \  iu.).     Plant  glabrous  or 
hoary  with  white  appressed  hairs. 
Leaves  oblong-iinear  or  lanceolate,    mostly  J   to    1  in.  long. 
Branches  white. 

Calyx  lips  ncarly  equal 22.  F.  Uthospermoides. 

Calyx  upper  lip  mucli  longer  than  the  lower  one    .     .     .     .  23.  P.  Behriana. 
Leaves  lincar-tcrete,  channelled  above.     Western  species. 

Caiyx  npper  lip  much  larger  than  the  lower 24.  P.  Barteri. 

0:ilyx-lips  nearly  equal 25.  F.  canaliculata. 

Leavcs  very  narrow-linear  and  nearly  1  in.  long,  or  linear- 
oblong  aud  much  shortcr.     Eastern  species. 
Calyx  upper  iip  large  and  membranous,  lovver  much  snialler. 
Leaves  mostly  very  narrow. 

Calyx  npper  lip  bro  id,  under  5  lines  long 26.   F.  nivea. 

Caiyx  npper  lip  ovate,  4  in.  long 2  7.  F.  striatiflora. 

Calyxlips  small,  uearly equal.    Leaves mostly linear-ohlong  28.  F.  sa.iicola. 


Prostanthcra.]  xciii.   labiat^.  03 

Leaves  entive  or  toothed,  iisually  sina!l  ainl  narrow.    Plant  more 
or  lcss  glandular-pubescent  or  viscid. 
Caly.\   npper  lip  larger  than  the  lower.     Plant  very  viscid- 
pubescent.     Leaves  mostly  about  3  lines  long. 

Lcaves  entire 29.  P.  odoratissima. 

Leaves  prominently  toothed  or  pinnatifid 30.  P.  euphrasioides. 

Calyx-lips  nearly  equal.     Plant  slightly  viscid-pubescent. 

Leavcs  about  2  lines,  entire  or  slightly  toothed      .     .     .     .  3L  P.  crnptandroides. 
Leavos  under  2  lines  long,  o  vate  or  oblong.  Plant  nearly  glabrous. 

Calyx-lips  nearly  equal 32.  P.  euryhioides. 

Sect.  II.  Klanderia. —  Corolla-tuhe  incurved,  dilated  upwards,  the  upper  lip 
erect  and  concave,  the  loiver  lip  spreading,  shorter  or  not  longer.  Calyx-lips  usually 
equally  open.     Anther-aiipendage  small  or  none. 

Leavcs  petiolate,  flat,  rather  thick,  above  \  in.  and  often  4  in. 
long.     Corolla  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Leaves  orbicular 33.  P.  ringrns. 

Leaves  oblong  or  scarcely  obovate 34.  P.  Leichhardlii. 

Leaves  scarcely  petiolate,  small,  the  margins  recurved. 

Pedicels  very  short.     Corolla  not  half  as  long  again  as  the 

large  calyx 35.  P.  calycina. 

Pedicels  longer  than  the  calyx.     Corolla  twice  as  long  as  the 

calyx      . 36.  P.  chlorantha. 

Leaves  under  2  lines  long,  oblong,  recurved,  thick,  the  margins 

not  recurved 37.  P.  7nicroj)liyJla. 

Leaves  linear-terete,  with  incurved  margins,  1  to  4  lines  long     .  38.  P.  aspalathoides. 

Sect.  1.  EuPROSTANTHERA. — Calyx  witli  a  distinctly  striate  tube, 
the  iipper  lip  after  flowering-  usually  slightly  turned  back,  the  lower  lip 
turned  up  against  it,  closing-  the  orifice  of  the  tube.  Corolla  with  the 
tube  very  shortly  narrow  at  the  base,  the  throat  very  broadly  cam- 
panulate  and  obHque,  the  upper  Hp  short,  broad,  erect,  emarginate  or 
broadly  2-lobed,  the  lower  lip  larg-er,  with  3  broad  spreading-  lobes, 
the  middle  one  larger,  notched  or  2-lobed.  Stamens  usually  concealed 
in  the  tube  (short  or  incurved)  or  not  very  prominent. 

The  corolla  in  this  section,  although  varying  in  size  and  in  a  slight  degree  in  the 
proportion  of  the  lobes,  appears,  as  far  as  can  be  judged  from  dried  specimens,  remark- 
ably  uniform  in  general  shape.  The  degree  of  development  of  the  anther-appendages, 
although  generally  constant  in  species,  does  not  appear  to  agree  with  other  chai-ac^era 
sufBciently  to  be  available  for  subsectional  groups. 

Series  1.  Racemos^. — Flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  the  floral 
leaves,  or  at  least  the  upper  ones  reduced  to  bracts,  either  small  and 
membranous,  or  ovate  and  acuminate  and  very  different  from  the  stem- 
leaves,  or  in  most  cases  so  deciduous  as  to  be  rarely  observable  when 
the  plant  is  in  flower. 

1.  P.  lasianthos,  LaMlL  Pl.  Nov.  Holl.  ii.  18,  t,  157.  A  tall  shrub, 
sometimes  attaining-  the  dimensions  of  a  moderate  sized  tree,  g-labrous 
except  the  flowers.  Leaves  petiolate,  usually  oblong--hinceolate,  rather 
acute,  serrate,  flat  or  the  margins  recurved,  of  a  firm  consistence,  not 
rug-ose,  dark  gTeen  above,  pale  or  g-laucous  and  minutely  dotted 
underneath,  2  to  3  in.  long;  in  some  Victorian  specimens  shorter 
broader  more  entire  and  almost  coriaceous.     Flowers  opposite  in  pairs, 


94  xciii.   LABiAT^.  [Prostanthera. 

iii  sliort  loafless  racemes,  forming-  a  terminal  panicle  often  leafy  at  tlie 
base,  but  the  leaves  under  the  upper  racemes  very  much  reduced  and 
those  under  the  pairs  of  flowers  entirelj  abortive.  Pedicels  short. 
Bracts  linear,  shorter  than  the  calvx  and  sometimes  very  minute, 
Calyx  slig-htly  pubescent,  attaining-  3  lines  when  in  fruit,  the  tube 
obscurely  striate,  tlie  upper  lip  broad,  the  lower  rather  smaller.  Corolla 
"  white  ting-ed  or  spotted  with  pink"  or  "  pale  blue"  hnirj  inside  and 
out,  often  I  in.  long',  the  lobes  very  broad.  Anthers  with  the  long-er 
a]»])endage  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other  short  and  adnate. 
— Br.  Prod.  508 ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  559 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i. 
28'.} ;  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  641 ;  Bot.  Reg-.  t.  143 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  2434. 

N.  S.  Wales. — Blue  Mountains,  B.  Broicn  and  others;  New  England,  C.  Stuart ; 
Koutliward  to  Illawarra,  Sliepherd,  and  Twofold  Bay,  Mossman,  F.  Jlveller,  and  others. 

Victoria. — Batiks  of  streams,  &c.,  near  Melbourne,  Adamson;  Dandenong  ranges, 
Jloant  Disappointment,  and  various  parts  of  Gipps  Land,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania. — Derwent  river  and  Port  Dalrymple,  B.  Brown ;  common  by  the  niar- 
gins  of  furests,  banks  of  streams,  &c.,  /.  D.  Hooker. 

Var.  snbcoriacea,  F.  MuelL,  leaves  smaller  and  firmer,  flowers  rather  smaller. — Gram- 
pians,  Wilhelmi. 

2.  P.  prunelloides,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  508,  A  tall  shrub,  quite  gla- 
brous  except  the  flowers  or  minutely  scaly-pubescent,  the  angles  of  the 
branches  often  prominent,  and  sometimes  crisped  or  denticuhite.  Leaves 
on  rather  long  ]:)etioles,  ovate,  obtuse,  entire  or  with  a  few  coarse  irre- 
g'ular  teeth,  of  the  flrm  consistence  of  those  of  P.  lasianthos,  1  to  2  in, 
long".  Flowers  in  simjile  terminal  racemes,  or  with  one  ]3air  of  branches 
at  the  base.  Floral  leaves  reduced  to  broad  membranous  obtuse  concave 
ciliate  bracts,  about  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  and  enclosing-  it  in  the  young* 
bud,  but  falling-  off"  long-  before  the  flowering-.  Pedicels  short,  with  a 
pair  of  very  deciduous  linear-lanceolate  bracts  under  the  calyx.  Calyx 
and  corolla  of  P.  lasianthos,  or  the  latter  rather  less  hairy,  Anthers 
with  one  a]3pendag-e  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other  very  short 
or  obsolete. — Benth,  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  559. 

N.  S,  'Wales,     Bkie  Mountains,  B.  Brown,  A.  Cunningham  and  others. 

3.  P.  coerulea,  P.  Br.  Prod.  508.  A  tall  shrub,  glabrous  or  minutely 
scaly-pubescent,  intermediate  in  foliag'e  between  P.  lasianthos  and  P. 
pruntUoidcs,  dififering  from  botli  in  the  glabrous  corolla  and  short  anther- 
appendages,  the  angles  of  the  branches  sometimes  prominent.  Leaves 
jietiolate,  in  the  typical  form  ovate-lanceolate  or  lanceolate,  slig-htly 
serrate,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  and  much  like  those  of  P.  lasianthos,  in  the 
more  northern  specimens  nearer  to  those  of  P.  prunelloides.  Flowers 
in  sim]ile  terminal  racemes  or  with  one  pair  of  branches  at  the  base, 
the  floral  leaves  reduced  to  ovate  concave  acuminate  membranous  bracts, 
falling-  ofl"  from  the  very  young-  bud.  Bracts  under  the  calyx  very  small 
or  obsolete.  Calyx  of  P.  lasianthos  ;  corolla  rather  smaller  than  m  that 
species,  "  blue  "  and  quite  glabrous,  Anthers  Avith  one  appendage  very 
shortly  free  at  the  end,  and  about  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other  much 
shorter  and  adnate, — Benth,  in  DC,  Prod,  xii.  559, 


Prostantlicra.]  xciii.  labiat^,  95 

N.  S.  \irales.  Grose  river,  R.  Brown ;  sliaded  ravines,  Wollondolly  river.  A. 
Cunnhfjham,  (both  with  narrow  leaves) ;  NewEngland,  C.  Stuart  with  the  ovate  leaves 
of  P.  jirunelloides. 

4.  P.  ovalifolia,  R.  Br.  Prod.  509.  A  densely  bushy  strong--scented 
slirnb,  more  or  less  hoary  with  a  minute  a])pressed  pubescence.  Leaves 
j)etiolate,  ovate  to  oblong-,  obtuse,  entire,  rather  thick  and  tlat,  rarely 
exceeding-  i  in.  and  mostly  smaller.  Flovvers  rather  small,  in  sliort 
loose  terminal  racemes,  the  iloral  leaves  small,  bract-like  and  de- 
ciduous,  or  the  lower  pair  more  leaf-like.  Calyx  not  above  2  lines 
long-,  the  Hps  nearly  equal  and  both  entire.  CoroUa  "  purple,"  about 
4  or  5  lines  long-,  sHg-htly  pubescent  outside.  Anthers  with  both  ap- 
pendag-es  adnate  nearly  to  the  end,  and  not  projecting-  beyondthe  cells. 
— P.  atripUcifolia,  A.  Cunn.  in  Benth.  Lab.  451,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xii. 
560. 

Queensland.     Shoal  bay  passage,  R.  Brown;  WiJe  Bay,  Bidwill. 

N.  _S.  Wales.  Mount  Lindsay,  W.  Hill ;  barren  hills  S.W.  of  Lachlan  river,  A. 
Cunningham.  Some  specimens  from  Mudgee,  Woolls,  belong  also  probably  to  this 
species,  unless  indeed  they  represent  an  entire-leaved  variety  of  P.  incisa. 

Var.  ?  latifolia.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  or  almost  orbicular  and  occasionally  with  one 
or  two  slight  crenatures,  very  much  hirger  than  in  P.  rotundifolia,  and  as  much  smaller 
than  in  P.cojrulea — P.  ovalifolia,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  560. — N.W.  interior  of  N.  S. 
Wales,  Fraser ;  head  of  Hastings  river,  C.  Moore. 

5.  P.  melissifolia,  P.  Mnell.  Fragm.  i.  19.  Aslender  looselybranched 
shrub,  with  the  habit  and  short  hoary  pubescence  of  P.  incim  and 
P.  Sicbcri,  of  which  it  may  be  a  variety  as  sug-gested  by  F.  Mueller. 
Leaves  much  hirg-er  than  in  those  species,  usually  ovate,  1  to  1|  or  even 
2  in.  long-,  rather  thin,  coarsely  toothed.  Racemes  long-er  and  looser 
than  in  P.  incisa,  all  leailess.  Calyx-lobes  rather  larg-erthan  in  thatspecies, 
nearly  equal,  the  upper  one  entire,  the  lower  one  emarginate  or  2-lobed. 
Corolla  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx.  Anthers  with  the  appendao-es 
adnate  ahnost  to  the  end  and  not  exceeding-  the  cells. 

Victoria.     Eanges  near  Cape  Otway  and  Port  Phillip,  F.  Mueller. 

6.  P.  incisa,  R.  Br.  Prod.  609.  A  slender  much  branched  shrub, 
quite  giabrous  or  more  frequently  slig-htly  hoary  with  a  minute  pubes- 
cence.  Leaves  fi*om  ovate-lanceolate  to  oblong-,  obtuse,  usually  bor- 
dered  by  a  few  coarse  teeth,  contracted  into  arather  long-  petiole,'rather 
thick  and  flat  in  some  specimens,  thinner  with  the  marg-ins  slig-htly  re- 
curved  in  others,  g-reen  above,  pale  underneath,  mostly  4  to  1  in.  lono-. 
Flowers  rather  small,  in  short  but  slender  terminal  racemes,  the  lowest 
])air  of  floi;al  leaves  sometimes  like  the  stem  leaves  but  smaller,  the  otliers 
reduced  to  small  bracts  falling-  oif  before  the  flowering-.  PecUcels  slender 
but  sliorter  than  the  calyx  ;  bracts  small.  Calyx  about  2  lines  long-  or 
scarcel}'  3  lines  when  in  fruit,  the  tube  rather  broad,  striate,  pubescent, 
the  upper  lip  very  broad,  entire ;  the  lower  lip  long-er,  narrower,  obtuse, 
and  usually  emarg-inate.  Corolla  expanding-  to  about  6  lines  diameter, 
the  lobes  all  broad.  Anthers  with  both  appendag-es  adnate  nearly  or 
the  shorter  one  quite  to  the  end,  and  neither  of  them  exceeding-"the 
cell. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii,  559. 


Qp,  xciil.  I.ABIAT7E.  [Prostantkcrrt. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Grose  river,  B.  Broion  ;  Blue  INIouiitains,  Caley,  3Jiss  Atldnson; 
Avoca  vallev,  liluc  Mountains,  Wilhelmi ;  Lanbdown  rivur  and  Port  Macquariie,  6'. 
iloore  ;  Ilastings  river,  Beckler. 

Tlicrc  are  two  coninion  forms  of  Ihis  species,  ari.sing  pcrliaps  from  the  degree  of  ex- 
posure  of  tlieir  stations,  the  one  with  ratlier  thick  less-toothed  leaves  seems  almost  to 
pass  into  P.  ovalifolia,  the  other  wilh  thinner  paler  more  cut  leaves.  Both  are  in 
Browii's  hcrbarium,  but  chiefly  the  former.  The  comparative  size  and  shapeof  the  two 
caiyx-lips  appears  to  be  variable. 

Var.  ?  jjwtesceHS,  F.  Mueller.  The  whole  plant  very  pubescent.  Leaves  more  obovate 
or  cuneate.  Authers  wilh  one  appendage  rather  more  prominent  (iu  the  ouly  flower 
examined)  the  calyx  and  other  characters  those  of  tlie  typical  form.  Possibly  however 
a  distiuct  species. — Forest  rivulets  near  Twofold  Bay,  F.  Mueller  ;  Port  Macquarrie, 
C.  Moorc. 

7.  P.  Sieberi,  Boifh.  Lab.  Gen.  et  8p.  451,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  559. 
A  tall  slender  much  branched  shrub,  slig-htly  pubescent  and  closely  re- 
sembhng-  the  thin-leaved  forms  of  P.  inci.sa,  and  perhaps  a  variety. 
Leaves  usually  more  deeply  toothed  and  more  contracted  at  the  base, 
the  racemes  shorter  and  more  leafy,  and  the  calyx-lips  both  broad  and 
verv  nearlv  equal. — P.  incisa,  Sieb.  Pl.  Exs.  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.  Port  Jackson,  Sieler.  n.  189 ;  shady  woods  on  the  coast  from  Port 
Jackson  to  the  likiwarra,  A.  Cunningham.  It  remains  to  be  ascertaiued  how  far  the  cha- 
racters  separating  this  from  P.  incisa,  derived  chiefly  from  the  calyx,  may  prove  constaut. 

8.  P,  rotundifolia,  P.  Br.  Prod.  509.  A  tall  very  bushy  shrub, 
attaining-  sometimes  C  or  7  ft.,  the  branches  very  shortly  hoary-pubes- 
cent,  the  foliage  nearly  glabrous.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  orbicukir  or 
spathulate,  on  rather  long  petioles,  very  obtuse,  entire  or  with  a  few 
larg-e  crenatures,  all  under  J  in.  long  and  often  all  under  \  in.  Flowers 
in  short  close  terminal  racemes,  the  lower  ones  sometimes  in  the  axils 
of  leaves  like  the  stem  ones,  but  the  upper  floral  leaves  always  reduced 
to  sniidl  deciduous  bracts,  Pedicels  shorter  than  the  calyx,  with  linear 
deciduous  bracts.  Calyx  about  2  lines  long  when  in  flower,  somewhat 
enlarged  afterwards,  the  tube  striate,  the  lips  broad  and  nearly  equal. 
Corolla  rather  larger  than  in  P.  ovalifoUa.  Anthers  with  both  appen- 
dages  adnate  nearly  to  the  end,  and  not  protruding  beyond  the  cells. — 
Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  560,  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  284,  t.  89;  P.  retvsa, 
R.  Br.  Prod.  509  ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  560 ;  P.  cotinifoUa,  A.  Cunn. 
in  Benth.  Lal).  Gen.  et  Sp.  452,  and  in  DC.  Prod  xii.  500. 

N.  S. 'Wales.  Barrcu  rocky  couutry  W.  of  Wellingtou  valley,  A.  Cunningham ; 
Lower  Macquarrie  river,  Bowman. 

Victoria.  Buflalo  Piange,  Bacchus  Marsh,  Mount  Zcro,  Avou  aud  Geuoa  rivers, 
F.  MucUcr  ;  TMouut  Arepiles,  JJallachy. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrymple,  B.  Brown  ;  abundant  ou  N.  aud  S.  Esk  rivers,  /.  D. 
Jloolcr. 

S.  Australia.     S.  E.  part  of  the  colony,  /.  J^.  Woods. 

P>row:i's  spccinions  of  F.  retusa  ditibr  from  the  typical  P.  rotundifolia  but  very 
elightly,  in  the  lcavcs  more  constantly  crenate. 

9.  P.  violacea,  Ji.  Br.  I'rod.  509.  A  slender  divaricately  branclied 
twiggy  shnib,  i)ul)escent,  with  very  short  but  rigid  hairs.  Leaves  very 
small,  sliortly  but  distinctly  petiohite,  broadly  ovate  or  orbicular,  more 
or  less  crenate,  with  revohite  margins,  raroly  exceeding  2  lines  and  often 
not  above  oue  Une  long.    Flowers  usually  blueish  purplo,  iu  2  or  3  pairs, 


Prostanthera.]  xciii.   labiat^.  97 

forming-  little  compact  terminal  racemes,  tlie  small  bract-like  floral  leaves 
very  deciduons.  Calyx  shortly  pubescent,  1|  to  ^  lines  lonp-,  the  tube 
striate,  tlie  npper  lij)  very  broad,  the  lower  rather  long-er  and  narrower, 
both  nsually  (juite  cntire.  Corolla  not  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  and 
sometimes  scarcely  exceeding-  it,  the  throat  very  broad.  Anthers  with 
both  appendages  aduate,  one  shortlv  free  at  tlie  end,  but  shorter  than 
the  cell— Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  ^o&i  ;  Bot.  Keo-.  t.  1072  ;  P.  retusa, 
Sieb.  Pl.  Exs.  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  199  and 
otlicrs. 

Var.  albiflora.  Corolla  white,  but  no  other  diflerence. — P.  thymifoUa,  A.  Cunn.  in 
Benth.  Lab.  Gen.  et  Sp.  455,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  563. — Springwood,  Blue  Mountains, 
growing  with  the  tjpical  forra,  A.  Cunningham. 

10.  P.  incana,  A.  Cimn.  in  Benth.  Lab.  Gen.  et  Sp.  455,  aiid  in  DC. 
Prod.  xii.  563.  A  handsome  shrub  of  5  or  6  ft.,  more  densely  hirsute 
and  more  robust  in  all  its  jiarts  than  P.  violacea  and  P.  rvgosa,  some  va- 
rieties  of  which  it  sometimes  resembles.  Leaves  on  very  short  jjetioles, 
ovate,  prominently  crenate,  bullate-rugose,  with  recurved  margins,  4  to 
G  lines  long-,  the  lower  floral  ones  similar  butsmaller.  Flowers  small,  in 
several  pairs  crowded  tog-ether  at  the  ends  of  the  branches  into  short 
racemes  leafy  at  the  base,  the  upper  floral  leaves  reduced  to  small  very 
deciduous  bracts.  Pedicels  short.  Calyx  hirsute,  about  2  lines  long, 
both  the  bps  broad  and  entire,  the  lower  one  scarcely  longer  than  the 
upper.  Corolla  scarcely  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx.  Anthers  with  both 
appendag-es  adnate,  one  shortly  free,  but  shorter  than  the  cell,  the 
other  still  shorter. 

rj.  S.  "Wales.  Eocky  ridges,  Nepean  river,  A.  Cunningham.  Some  imperfect 
specimens  from  Benfs  river,  Woolls,  probably  belong  to  the  same  species. 

11.  P.  hirtula,  F.  3Iuell.  A  shrub  of  3  to  5  ft.,  pubescent  or  hir- 
sute  with  the  rigid  hairs  of  P.  mMrifolia,  to  which  this  species  is  nearly 
allied,  differing-  in  inflorescence  and  in  the  larger  leaves.  Leaves  very 
shortly  petiohite,  ovate-lanceolate  oblong-  or  almost  linear,  obtuse, 
entire,  with  revohite  margins,  usually  hirsute  above  and  whitish  under- 
neath,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  rugose,  rarely  under  |  in.  and  often  nearly 
1  inch  long-,  the  floral  ones  smaller,  tbe  uj)per  ones  reduced  to  small 
deciduous  bracts.  Flowers  larger  tban  in  P.  marifoUa,  in  the  upper 
axils,  forming-  an  interrupted  terminal  more  or  less  leafy  raceme,  or 
sometimes  nearly  all  axillary.  Pedicels  short;  bracts  small  and 
setaceous.  Calyx  hirsute,  2i  to  3  Hnes  long-,  both  the  Hps  broad  and 
nearly  equal,  entire  or  the  lower  one  retuse.  Corolla  nearly  twice  as 
long-  as  the  calyx,  g-hibrous  or  shghtly  hairy.  Anthers  with  both  the 
aj)pendag'es  shortly  exceeding-  the  cells. 

Victoria.  Buffalo  Piange,  Mount  Disappointment,  F.  Mueller ;  Grampians,  Wil- 
helmi. 

Var.  angu^tifolia.     Leavesnarrow  and  rather  less  hirsute. — Genoa  Peak,  F.  MueUer  ^ 

12.  P.  denticulata,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  509.  A  robust  shrub,  with  virg-ate 
or  long'  and  loose  sometimes  slender  but    rigid  branches,  pubescent 

VOL.   V.  H 


9g  xcili.  LABiAT^.  [Prostanthera. 

■vvith  short  trisped  hairs.  Leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  from  \  in.  or 
under  and  broadly  lanceolate  to  \  in.  long-  or  more  and  narrow-linear, 
obtuse  or  ahnost  acute,  with  recurved  margins,  not  toothed  but  often 
bearing-  on  the  u])per  surface  near  the  margin  a  few  short  rigid  hairs  on 
raised  tubercles  resembling-  minute  prickles,  all  very  spreading-,  the 
floral  ones  passing-  into  ovate  acuminate  coloured  bracts.  Flowers 
usually  in  distant  pairs,  forming'  interrupted  terminal  racemes  often 
leafy  at  the  base.  JPedicels  short.  Bracts  narrow-linear,  close  under 
the  calyx.  Calyx  more  or  less  hirsute,  2  to  3  lines  long-,  the  Hps  broad, 
entire,  nearly  equal  or  the  lower  one  rather  smaller.  Corolla  glabrous 
or  nearly  so.  Anthers  with  one  appendag-e  nearly  half  as  long-  ag'ain 
as  the  cell,  the  other  short  and  adnate. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  561. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Broivn,  Woolls,  and  otliers;  granitic  ranges  W.  of 
Bathurst,  .1.  Cunnwgham. 

Victoria.  Bnflalo  Range,  Futter's  Range,  Bendigo,  Grampians,  F.  Mueller ;  Wim- 
inera,  Dallaclnj. 

The  name  is  unfortunate  as  the  leaves  are  not  toothed,  and  itis  only  occasionally  that 
the  asperities  on  the  upper  surface  give  them  a  denticulate  appearance.  Most  of  the  Port 
Jackson  specimens  have  rather  broad  lunceolate  leaves,  Cunningham's  have  narrow 
and  long  linear  leaves,  Brown's  are  intermediate.  The  Victorian  and  a  few  of  the  Port 
Jackson  specimens  have  the  leaves  mostly  uuder  ^in.,  with  few  or  none  of  the  tubercular 
prickles.  The  species  is  remarkable  for  the  acuminate  bract-like  fioral  ieaves,  and  like 
P.  hirtula  forms  almost  a  passage  from  the  racemose  to  the  axillary  inflorescences. 

Series  2.  CoNVEX^. — Leaves  small  or  narrow,  sessile  or  shortly 
petiolate,  convex  or  with  revolute  margins  at  least  when  dry  (in  P. 
cttneata  and  P.  spinosa,  the  marg-ins  usually  flat  but  occasionally  narrowly 
recurved).  Flowers  axillary,  the  floral  leaves  all  similar  to  the  stem 
ones  or  rather  smaller,  and  the  flowering-  branch  usually  g-rowing-  out 
beyond  the  flowers. 

13.  P.  rugosa,  A.  Cunn.  in  Benth.  Ldb.  Gen.  et  Sp.  456,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xii.  503.  A  robust  divaricately-branched  shrub,  pubescent  or  hir- 
sute  with  short  rigid  hairs.  Leaves  small,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  ovate, 
crenate,  with  revolute  marg-ins,  very  rug-ose,  from  1|  to  4  lines  long-,  the 
floral  ones  all  similar  thoug-h  sometimes  smaller.  Flowers  small,  not 
numerous,  all  axillary,  scattered  along-  the  branches  or  rarely  2  or  3 
pairs  tog-ether  near  the  ends.  Pedicels  very  short,  the  bracts  very 
small.  Calyx  not  exceeding-  2  lines,  hispid,  the  upper  lip  broad,  short, 
distinctly  or  obscurely  3-toothed,  the  lower  lip  long-er,  usually  emar- 
g-inate.  Corolla  not  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx.  Anthers  with  both 
appendag-es  adnate,  one  shortly  free  at  the  end  but  shorter  than  the 
celi,  the  other  still  shorter. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Mountainous  country  bordcring  on  Hunter's  River,  A.  Cunningham  ; 
Monkey  Creek,  Woolls. 

14.  P.  marifolia,  P.  Br.  Prod.  509.  An  undershrub  with  twig-gy 
branches,  pubescont  or  hirsute  witli  short  rigid  hairs.  Leaves  sessile 
or  very  shortly  petiolate,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  obtuse,  entire,  with 
revolute  margins,  scabrous-hispid  above  but  not  rug-ose,  whitish  under- 


Prostanthcm.]  xciii.  labiat^.  99 

neath,  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Flowers  all  axillary,  biit  sometimes  forming* 
interrupted  leaty  racemes,  the  lloral  leaves  all  like  those  of  the  stem. 
Pedicels  ver^^  short ;  bracts  subulate.  Calyx  more  or  less  hirsute,  2  to 
2i  hnes  long-,  the  lips  broad,  nearly  equal  and  usually  entire,  often 
assuming*  a  blueish  tint.  Corolla  not  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  glabrous 
or  sparing-ly  hirsute.  Anthers  with  one  appendag-e  about  half  as  long 
again  as  the  cell,  the  other  short  and  adnate. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xii.  502. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  A.  Cunningham, 
Woolls  and  others. 

15.  P.  rhombea,  R.  Br.  Prod.  509.  A  shrub  or  undershrub,  with 
long-  divaricate  ahnost  terete  branches  more  or  less  pubescent.  Leaves 
nearly  sessile,  orbicular  or  almost  rhomboidal,  glabrous  or  sparingly 
cihate,  entire,  with  revolute  margins  and  ahnost  bullate,  2  to  3  lines 
diameter.  Flowers  small,  in  the  upper  axils,  on  very  short  pedicels. 
Calyx  usually  not  2  lines  long,  shortly  pubescent  and  very  glandular, 
the  lips  nearly  equal,  the  upper  one  very  broad,  the  lower  one  narrower. 
Corolla  not  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  giabrous.  Anthers  with  the 
appendages  adnate,  the  longer  one  very  shortly  free  at  the  end  but 
shorter  than  the  cell,  the  other  still  shorter. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xii.  563. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  Woolls ;  IUawarra,  Shepherd. 

16.  P.  spinosa,  F.  Muell.  in  Hook.  Eew  Journ.  viii.  168,  in  Trans. 
Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  48  and  Pl.  Vict.  ii.  t.  56.  A  rigid  but  slender  divari- 
cate  shrub  with  hirsute  branches  and  remarkable  for  the  numerous 
small  branchlets  reduced  to  opposite  divaricate  spines,  about  l  in.  long-, 
either  leailess  or  with  a  pair  of  small  leailets  at  their  base.  Leaves 
very  small,  shortly  petiolate,  ovate,  obtuse,  entire,  complicate  and 
recurved,  the  margins  usually  slightly  revolute,  rarely  above  2  lines 
long".  Pedicels  axillary,  4  to  8  Hnes  long,  with  minute  setaceous  bracts 
above  the  middle.  Calyx  more  or  less  hirsute,  2  to  3  Hnes  long,  the 
lips  not  very  broad,  entire  and  nearly  equal.  CoroUa  "  lilac,"  shghtly 
hairy  outside,  not  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Anthers  with  one  appen- 
dage  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other  short  and  adnate. 

Victoria.  About  springs  and  on  irrigated  rocks  in  the  Grampians,  F.  3Itieller, 
WiUiehnl;  summit  of  Mount  Arapiles  (with  very  hirsute  leaves),  Dallachy. 

S.  Australia.  Tattiara  country,  J.  E.  Woods ;  scrub  near  Wallan's  Hut  aud 
Cygnet  Bay,  Kangaroo  Island,  Waterhouse. 

17.  P.  cuneata,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  560.  A  much  branched 
spreading  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  more  or  less  pubescent  or  villous  with 
short  crisped  hairs.  Leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  often  crowded  on  the 
short  branchlets,  obovate-cuneate  or  almost  orbicular,  obtuse,  entire  or 
crenate  at  the  end,  flat  or  recurved  and  complicate,  the  marg-ins  often 
slightly  revolute,  rather  thick,  glabrous  or  pubescent,  mostly  about  2 
lines,  rarely  above  3  hnes  long-,  the  floral  ones  scarcely  smaller. 
Flowers  all  axillary,  but  sometimes  crowded  into  terminal  leafy  racemes. 

H  2 


jOO  xciii.    LABIAT^.  [Prostant/icra. 

Pedicels  verv  short.  Bracts  linear,  ciliate,  often  as  long- as  the  calyx- 
tube  Calvx  2  '>  to  3  lines  lonir'  or  even  long-er  when  in  friut,  the  tube 
l.rominentlV  striate,  the  lips  licarly  equal,  at  least  as  long-  as  the  tube 
broad  and  entire,  or  the  lower  oue  enuirginate.  CoroHa  Avhite  with 
i.urple  spots,  nearlv  g-laljrous,  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx.  Anthers 
with  onc  a]>pond:.<;o' about  twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other  short  and 
adnate.— liook.  f.^Fl.  Tasm.  i.  284.  t.  90. 

Victoria.     Pumniit  of  niany  of  tlie  Australian  Alps,  Haidinger  and    Mm.yoDg 
ran-es  Mount  Kosciu^ko  and  otl.ers,  at  an  elcvation  of  4000  to  7000  it,  F.  Mueller. 

T asmania.     Sterile  gravelly  soil  on  tlie  S.  Esk  river,  alundant,  Gunn,  Archer  and 
otliers. 

18.  P.  linearis,  /.'.  Br.  Prod.  509.  A  tall  erect  shrub,  glabrous  or 
sHghtly  j.ubcscent.  Leaves  nearly  sessile,  hnear,  obtuse,  entire,  the 
ma%ins  more  or  less  revolute  in  drying-,  -^  to  above  1  in.  long-,  the  upper 
lloral  ones  similar  but  smaller.  Flowers  all  axillary,  but  the  upper 
ones  sometimcs  forming-  terminal  interrupted  leafy  racemes.  Pedicels 
short.  Bracts  small,  fihform.  Calyx  g-labrous  or  sHghtly  pubescent, 
about  2  hnes  long-  or  longer  when  in  fruit,  the  Hps  not  very  broad, 
nearlv  equal,  entire,  without  any  or  only  a  very  shg-ht  trace  of  the 
transverse  downv  hne  of  the  three  following-  species.  Corolla  spriukled 
with  a  few  hairs  or  hairy  all  over,  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx. 
8tamens  long-er  than  in  nio^t  species  of  this  section,  aud  the  anther- 
cells  more  diverg-ent ;  the  longest  aj.i^eudage  nearly  twice  as  long-  as 
the  cell,  the  otlier  sLort  and  adnato. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  501. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Fort  Jackson  to  tlie  Blue  Jlountaius,  R.  Brown,  A.  Cunningham 
and  others. 

19.  P.  phylicifolia,  F.  Miuil.  Frafim.  i.  19.  A  robust  bushy 
shrub  sometimes  sinall  but  attaining-  often  several  fr.,  g-labrous  or 
hoarv-pubescent  with  very  short  soiuewhat  crisped  hairs.  Leaves 
sessile  or  ncarly  so,  oblong'-Iinear,  obtuse,  entire,  with  revohite  margins, 
usually  thicker  and  broader  than  in  P.  Unairis,  in  some  specimens  all 
under  ^  in.,  in  others  4  to  |  in.  long-.  Flowers  all  axinary.  Pedicels 
shorter  than  the  calyx,  with  hnear-setaceous  bracts  close  under  the 
calyx,  or  at  some  distance  from  it.  Calyx  2  to  2^  or  rarely  3  hnes 
long,  the  tube  prominently  striate,  the  hps  ovate,  the  u])per  one  with  a 
transverse  rather  broad  cottony  Hne  inside  at  the  base,  the  lower  one 
at  lirst  nearly  equal  to,  at  length  much  smaller  than,  the  upper  one. 
Corolla  "  whitish,"  glabrous  or  ver}'  sparingly  pubescent,  nearly  twice 
as  long-  as  the  calyx.  Anther-appendages  short  and  adnate  or  one  of 
them  with  a  smafl  point  not  cristate  and  scarcely  exceeding-  the  cell. 

Queensland.  Giass-houses,  F.  Mueller,  a  single  specimen  in  tbe  Hookerian  her- 
Lariui-i. 

N.  S.  'Wales.     New  Eugland,  C  Moore. 

Victoria.     Mount  MTarlane,  Mitta-Mitta  monntains,  rocks  at  Maneroo,  F.  Mueller. 

20.  P.  decussata,  F.  MucU.  Frafim.  i.  120.  A  robust  shrub  of  few 
feet,  with  iiiimcrous  short  leafy  branchcs,  ].ubescent  or  hirsute  with 
crisped  or  spreading-  hairs.     Leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  crowded  and 


Prost(intherf(.\  xciii.   labiat^.  101 

decussate  on  tlie  smaller-Jbranches  but  not  clustered  in  the  axils,  linear, 
obtuse,  with  revohite  marp-ins,  somewhat  coriaceous,  scabrous-hirsute 
with  minute  ahnost  prickle-hke  liairs  hke  those  of  P.  dcntiG(il((t((, 
mostly  about  \  in.  long".  Flowers  all  axihary,  on  very  short  pedicels. 
Bracts  hnear,  half  as  long-  as  the  calyx.  Calyx  short  and  broad, 
strong-]y  ribbed,  g'hinduhu'-hirsute,  scarcely  above  2  hnes  long'  when  in 
fruit,  the  hps  nearly  orljicuhir  and  equal,  with  a  transverse  downy 
curved  hne  inside  at  the  base  of  the  upper  one.  Coroha  shortly  ex- 
ceeding-  the  calyx  (perhaps  not  fully  developed),  g-labrous  or  nearly  so. 
Anther-appendag'es  adnate,  the  long-er  one  very  shortly  free  at  the  end, 
and  not  at  all  or  scarcely  exceeding'  the  celL 

Victoria.     Eocky  summits  of  the  M'Alister  range  and  Mount  Mueller,  F.  Mveller. 

21.  P.  empetrifolia,  Sich.m  Sprcng.  Syst.  Cur.  Post.226.  An  erect 
much  branched  but  rather  slender  shrub,  glabrous  or  sprinkled  with  a 
few  short  appressed  hairs.  Leaves  sessile,  hnear,  acute,  entire,  with 
revohite  margins,  rarely  above  h  in.  long'.  Flowers  all  axillary.  Pedi- 
cels  short,  with  a  pair  of  hnear  bracts  close  under  the  calyx.  Calyx 
about  2  hnes  long',  the  tube  prominently  striate,  the  Hps'  broad  and 
about  equal,  the  upper  one  with  a  prominent  transverse  downy  Hne 
inside  at  the  base,  the  lower  one  often  emarg'inate.  Corolla  fully 
twice  as  long'  as  the  calyx.  Anthers  with  the  connective  prominent  at 
the  back,  but  without  any  or  only  very  rudimentary  appendag-es. 
Upper  lobe  of  the  style  short. —  Chilodia  scutcllarioidcs,  R.  Br.  Prod.  507  j 
Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xh.  558 ;  Bot.  Mag'.  t.  3405. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  tbe  Blue  Mountains,  i?.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  187  atd 
many  others. 

The  genus  CJdlodia  was  founded  mainly  npon  the  absence  of  the  anther  appendages, 
the  degree  of  development  of  which  is  very  differentin  different  species  of  Prosta«</iem; 
they  are  quite  obsolete  also  in  some  species  of  the  section  Klanderia,  and  scarcely  dis- 
tinguishable  in  some  other  Prosfaiitherce,  where  they  are  completely  adnate  to  the  back 
cell.  Tbe  second  character,  tlie  transverse  rib  inside  the  calyx,  appears  to  be  no  more  . 
thau  the  transverse  pubescent  zone  of  tbe  two  preceding  species,  rather  narrower  and 
more  raised  in  this  one,  but  quite  disconnected  with  the  venation  of  the  calyx. 

Series  3.  SuBCONCAv.E. — Leaves  (small  or  narrow)  sessile  or  very 
shortly  petiohite,  concave  or  with  incurved  marg'ins  or  tiat,  the  marg-ins 
never  recurved.  Flowers  all  axillary,  the  lloral  leaves  similar  to  the 
stem-ones.  Anthers  with  one  appendage  about  twice  as  long-  as  the 
celL 

The  species  of  this  group  in  most  cases  appear  to  pasa  into  each  other  so  as  to  make 
it  very  difficult  to  draw  any  definite  Hnes  between  them  when  the  specimens  are 
numerons. 

22.  P.  lithospermoides,  F.  Muell.  Frac]in.  vi.  107.  A  shrub  of 
6  to  8  ft.,  hoary  with  appressed  hairs,  the  young'  shoots  sdky.  Leaves 
ver}^  shortly  petiohite  or  nearly  sessile,  oblong-hinceohite  or  ahuost 
hnear,  oljtuse  or  acute,  entire,  flat  or  concave,  the  margins  not  recurved, 
the  hirger  ones  1  to  2  in.  long,  the  lloral  ones  smaller  but  simihir. 
Flowers  axillary,  on  very  short  i^edicels.     Bracts  nearly  as  long'  as  the 


102  XCIII.    LAUIAT.T.  [Prostiinthcrit. 

calyx.  Calyx  silky-pubescent,  about  2^  lines  long-,  tlie  lips  nearly 
ecpial,  entire  or  sinuate-toothed.  Corolla  white  {F.  Mmller)  or  bhie 
(0\S/ia/irsi/),  softly  pubescent,  not  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Anthers 
with  one  appendag-e  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other  short  and 
adnate. 

Queensland.     Table  Mount,  Rockhampton,  0'Shanesy  ;  Armadilla,  Barton. 

23.  P.  Behriana,  ScMccht.  iii  Linnmi,  xx.  GIO.  A  shrub  of  5  or  G  ft. 
with  erect  l)ranclies,  hoary  or  white  with  short  closely  appressed  hairs. 
Leaves  sessile,  linear  or  oblong",  mostly  obtuse,  entire,  thick,  tiat  or 
concave,  the  margins  never  recurved,  often  above  1  in.  long*  when 
narrow,  much  shorter  when  broad,  or  in  some  specimens  the  narrow 
ones  also  under  \  in.  Flowers  axillary,  sessile  or  very  shortly  pedicel- 
late,  the  linear  bracts  very  deciduous.  Calyx  pubescent  or  villous,  about 
4  lines  long-,  the  tube  sulcate-striate,  the  upper  lip  erect,  entire,  a])out 
as  long"  as  the  tube,  the  lower  lip  scarcely  half  so  long',  entire  or  notched. 
Corolla  "  white,"  villous  outside,  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx.  Anthers 
with  one  appendage  about  twice  as  long*  as  the  cell,  the  other  sliort  and 
adnate. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  700. 

S.  Australia.  Eocky  valley  of  the  Tonunda,  Behr. ;  Murray  river,  F.  MueUer  ; 
near  Adelaide,  BlandowsM. 

24.  P.  Baxteri,  A.  Cunn.  in  Benth.  Ldb.  452,  md  in  DC.  Prod.  xii. 
661.  An  erect  heath-like  shrub  of  1  to  3  or  4  ft.,  the  branches  white 
with  a  close  appressed  toinentum.  Leaves  sessile,  linear-terete,  obtuse, 
entire,  with  involute  margins,  slender  and  mostly  about  h  in.  long-  in  the 
t}q)ical  form,  or  rarely  nearly  |  in.,  quite  g-labrous.  Flowers  all  axillary, 
on  very  short  pedicels,  with  setaceous  bracts.  Cah'x  when  in  flower 
2  to  2i  lines  long-,  often  4  lines  when  in  fruit,  more  or  less  hoary 
or  wliite  with  a])pressed  hairs  or  rarely  g-labrous,  the  tube  striate,  the 
upper  lip  larg-e  and  often  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate,  the  lower  one 
much  smaller,  Corolla  pubescent,  not  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx. 
Anthers  witli  one  appendage  nearly  twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  otlier 
short  and  adnate. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  to  tlie  eastward,  Ba.rter  ;  Thomas  rivcr, 
Marirell. 

Var.  cra.9sifolia.  Leavcs  under  ^  in.  long,  thicker  and  broader  tlian  in  the  type. — 
Phillips  river  aud  Eyres  Range,  Maxwell. 

25.  P.  canaliculata,  F.  Miicll.  Frapm.  vi.  105.  An  erect  heath- 
like  slirul)  of  1  to  2  ft.,  tlie  branches  hoary  with  minute  appressed  hairs 
or  nearly  glabruus.  Leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  linear-terete,  obtuse, 
entire,  with  involute  margins,  under  \  in.  and  often  scarcely  \  in.  long-. 
Flowers  all  axillary,  on  short  pedicels,  the  bracts  apparently  wanting-. 
Calyx  about  two  lines  long-,  prominently  striate,  glabrous,  the  lips 
shortcr  than  the  tube  and  nearly  equal.  Corolla  about  twice  as  long-  as 
the  calyx,  more  or  less  hairy  or  nearly  g-labrous.  Anthers  with  one 
appendag-e  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other  short  and  adnate. 

W.  Australia.  Kalgan  river,  Oldjield,  F.  Mueller  ;  towards  Cape  Eiche,  Brum- 
mond,  Ath  coll.  n.  166,  bth  coU.  n.  343 ;  Fitzgerald  river,  3IaxweU. 


Prostanthera.]  xciii.    labiat.e.  108 

The  species  is  near  P.  Baxteri,  but  readily  distinguished  by  the  calyx,  very  near  also 
to  the  eastern  P.  saxicola,  but  the  leaves  much  narrower. 

Var.  ?  canoserirea.  Leaves  small,  rather  flatter,  and  sometimes  distinctly  petiolato, 
silvery-white  ou  both  sides,  wilh  the  same  tomentum  as  the  branches. — Drummond,  Uh 
coU.  n.  164. 

26.  P.  nivea,  A.  Cnnn.  in  Bcnth.  Lal).  Gen.  et  Sp.  452,  afid  in  DC. 
Prod.  xii.  501.  A  beautiful  slirub  of  3  to  6  ft.,  jilabrous  except  tbe 
corolla  or  sprinkled  witb  a  few  appressed  bairs,  especially  on  tbe  joung' 
sboots,  and  usually  of  a  pale  g-reen.  Leaves  sessile,  Unear-terete  witli 
incurved  or  involute  raargins,  or  flat  wben  fresb,  acute  or  obtuse,  ratber 
slender,  mostly  |  to  1  in.  long,  tbe  upper  floral  ones  smaller.  Flowers 
ratber  hirg-e,  of  a  snow  wbite  or  tinged  witb  pale  bhie,  all  axinary,  tbe 
upper  ones  forming  interrupted  leaty  racemes.  Pedicels  mucb  sborter 
than  tbe  calyx,  with  short  setaceous  bracts.  Calyx  2^  to  3  hnes  long- 
wben  in  flower  and  not  mucb  enlarged  afterwards,  shgbtly  pubescent, 
the  tube  prominently  ribbed,  tbe  hps  hroad  and  cihate,  tbe  upper  one 
mucb  larger  tban  tbe  lower.  Corona  puhescent  or  viHous,  twice  as 
long  as  tbe  calyx.  Anthers  with  one  appendage  about  twice  as  long  as 
the  ceh,  tbe  otlier  short  and  adnate. — Bot.  Mag-.  t.  5658. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Barren  rocky  hills  on  the  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cunnivgham  ;  Castle- 
reagh  river,  C.  Moore ;  New  England,  C.  Stuart. 

Victoria.  Mountains  of  Bacchus  Marsh,  Mount  Korong,  Mount  Hope,  Station 
Peak,  &c.,  F.  Mueller. 

Var.  induta.  Branches  and  foliage  hoary  or  white  with  appressed  haiis,  tlie  young 
shoots  silky.     Flowers  rather  larger. — Castlereagh  river,  C.  Moore. 

27.  P.  striatiflora,  F.  Muell.  i/i  Linnaa,  xxv.  425.  A  rigid  mucb 
hrancbed  shruh,  sometimes  quite  low,  sometimes  attaining  5  or  6  ft., 
glabrous  or  tbe  young  shoots  hoary  or  silky  with  short  appressed  hairs, 
tlie  smaller  branches  sometimes  almost  spinescent.  Leaves  sessile  or 
nearly  so,  oblong-lanceolate  or  hnear,  mostly  obtuse,  entire,  flat  or  with 
incurved  margins,  rather  tbick,  usuaUy  under  ^  in.  long,  but  wben 
narrow  often  |  in.,  the  floral  ones  gradually  smaher,  the  upper  ones 
sborter  than  tbe  calyx.  Flowers  ah  axillary,  but  the  upper  ones 
crowded  into  terminal  leafy  racemes  or  spikes.  Pedicels  very  sbort. 
Calyx-tuhe  not  2  hnes  long,  prominently  striate,  the  upper  hp  ovate, 
obtuse,  often  |  in.  long  when  in  fruit,  tbe  lower  hp  not  half  so  large. 
CoroUa  nearly  twice  as  long  as  tbe  calyx,  glabrous  or  sprinkled  witb  a 
few  bairs,  wbite  streaked  witb  red  and  tinged  witb  yellow  at  tbe  hase 
of  the  broad  middle  lobe  of  tbe  lower  hp.  Antbers  witb  one  appendage 
ahout  twice  as  long  as  the  ceU,  the  otber  short  and  adnate. 

Queensland.     Newcastle  range,  Sutlierland. 

Itf.  S.  Wales.  From  the  Lachlau  and  Uarling  to  the  Barrier  Range,  Victorian 
and  other  Expeditions. 

S.  Australia.  Cudnaka,  Arkaba,  and  Lake  Torrens,  F.  Mueller ;  towards  Cooper's 
Creek,  Wheder  ;  Lake  Gilhes,  Burkitt  (a  short-leaved  form,  and  another  with  narrow 
white  or  hoary  leaves),  Mount  Morphett,  M'Douall  StuarVs  Expedition. 

The  species  is  very  neariy  alh"ed  to  P.  nivea,  and  sometimes  diflicult  to  distinguish 
from  it.  In  general  it  has  shorter  broader  leaves,  a  more  dense  inflorescence,  tlie  upper 
lobe  of  the  calyx  longer  and  not  so  broad,  and  the  corolla  more  glabrous. 


104  xciii.    I.ABIAT^.  [ProstaHth-rit. 

Var.  ?  serioa.  The  wliole  plaiit  wliite  with  soft  silky  liairs.  Leaves  rather  short 
aiid  broail. — Gawler  ranges,  S.  Aiistralia,  Mrs.  SvlUvan ;  a  small  Cragnient  in  Herb.  F. 
Miieiler,  undcr  the  name  of  P.  /Sullivanice,  but  qnite  insufficient  to  judge  whether  itbe 
any  more  than  a  variety  of  F.  striatiflora,  corresponding  with  the  white  silky  varicties 
of  "P.  canaliculata  anJ  others  of  this  series. 

28.  P.  saxicola,  R.  Br.  Prod.  609.  A  slender  slirub  or  underslirub, 
sometimes  liaving-  tlie  appearance  of  a  rijzid  annual ;  the  stems  much 
branched  at  the  base  and  ascending-  to  from  6  in.  to  1  ft.  in  the  typical 
forin,  more  erect  and  attaining-  2  ft.  in  others,  hoary  with  minute 
appressetl  hairs  or  nearly  g-labrous.  Leaves  very  shortly  petiohite  or 
nearly  sessile,  oblong-  or  linear-oblong-,  obtuse,  entire,  flat,  rather  thick, 
2  to  4  hnes  long-  in  the  typical  form,  the  young-  ones  sprinkled  with 
appressed  hairs,  the  okler  ones  usuully  g-labrous.  Flowers  sniall,  in 
few  pairs  in  the  upper  axils.  Pedicels  short,  with  setaceous  bracts. 
Calyx  about  2  hnes  long-,  more  or  less  hispid  with  spreading-  hairs  espe- 
cially  in  the  small  typical  specimens,  the  hps  nearly  equaL  Corolla 
nearly  twice  as  long*  as  the  calyx,  ghibrous  or  shg-htly  pubescent. 
Anthers  with  one  appendag-e  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other 
short  and  adnate. 

N.  S.  TVales.  George's  river,  R.  Brown  (tlie  specimens  all  under  1  ft.  and  the 
calyx  vcry  lii>pid). 

Var.  major.  Taller,  more  shrubby,  leaves  longer  and  narrower,  calyx  less  hispid  arid 
Bometinies  almost  ghibrons. — P.  sa.vicola,  A.  Cunn.  ;  Beuth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  562  ;  P. 
pimeleoides,  F.  IMuell.  Fragm.  vi.  107. — Rocky  ranges  near  Bathurst,  ^.  Cunningham ; 
New  England,  C.  Stuart. 

29.  P.  odoratissima,  Benth.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Aiistr.  291,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xii.  700.  A  small  erect  bushy  shrub  or  undershrub,  more  or  less 
pubescent  with  g-landular  liairs,  the  branches  and  foHag'e  apparently 
viscid  and  very  strong-ly  scented.  Leaves  sessile  and  often  clustered 
in  tlie  axils,  hnear  or  almost  hinceohite,  obtuse,  entire,  thick,  flat  or 
concave,  the  marg-ins  never  recurved,  mostly  about  \  in.  long.  Flowers 
axilhiry,  on  short  pedicels,  the  bracts  hnear,  obtuse,  thick  and  often.as 
long-  as  the  calyx.  Calyx  2|  hnes  or  at  length  3  hnes  hmg-,  rather 
narrow,  prominently  striate,  the  lips  ovate,  the  upper  one  considerably 
longer  than  the  lower.  Corolla  not  seen  perfectly  open,  gdabrous  out- 
side  when  in  bud.  Anthers  with  one  appendag-e  about  twice  as  long-  as 
the  cell,  the  other  short  and  adnate. 

Queensland.     Mantuan  Downs,  Mitchell. 

80.  P.  euphrasioides,  Bentk.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Amtr.  360,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xii.  7U0.  A  small  bushy  shrub,  villous  with  white  spreading- 
liairs  intermixed  with  glanduh^r  ones  and  often  viscid.  Leaves  on  very 
sliori  i^etioles  or  almost  sessile,  often  chistered  in  the  axihs,  hnear- 
oblong-,  ohtuse,  with  2  or  3  prominent  obtuse  teeth  on  each  side  or 
almost  i)inn:itifid,  mostly  about  3  hnes  long-,  ratlier  tliick,  flat,  the 
marg-ius  never  recurved.'  Flowers  all  axilhirv,  rather  hirg-e.  Pedicels 
short  but  slender.  Bracts  hnear,  obtuse,  rathcr  h)ng-.  Calvx  pubes- 
cent  or  Lirsute,  about  3  hnes  or  at  length  sometimes  4  lineslong-,  the 


ProstaiithcrdA^  XCIII.    LABIMME.  105 

lips  entiro,  broad,  tlie  iipper  one  nsually  larg-er  than  tlie  lower.  Corolla 
more  than  twice  as  lony*  as  the  calyx,  nearly  fi-labrous  outside,  hairy 
inside.  Anthers  with  one  appendag-e  about  twice  as  long"  as  the  cell, 
the  other  short  and  adnate. 

Queensland.  Oii  the  Maranoa,  Mitchell ;  Hodgson's  Creek  and  Dogwood  Creek, 
Leiclihardt ;  Cape  river  and  Broad  yound,  Bowman. 

31.  P.  cr^rptandroides,  A.  Citnn.  in  Benth.  Lnb.  Gcn.  ct  Sp.  453,  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  501.  A  heath-like  shrub,  with  slendei*  virg-ate 
branches,  gdabrous  or  slig-htly  glandular-pubescent  and  viscid.  Leaves 
sessile  or  verv  shortly  petiolate  and  sometimes  clustered  in  the  axils, 
linear  or  hnear-lanceolate,  obtuse,  entire  or  with  2  or  3  short  obtuse 
teeth  on  each  side,  flat  or  concave,  the  margins  not  recurved,  2  to  3 
lines  long-.  Flowers  all  axiUary,  on  very  short  pedicels.  Bracts  close 
under  the  calyx,  linear-lanceohite  and  almost  as  long"  as  the  calyx. 
Calyx  about  2  lines  long-,  slig-htly  hairy,  prominently  ribbed  but  rather 
thin,  the  lips  ovate,  obtuse,  nearly  equal.  Corolla  glabrous  outside, 
not  twice  as  long"  as  the  calyx.  Anthers  with  one  appendag-e  about 
twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other  short  and  adnate. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Sandstone  Hills,  N.W.  branch  of  Hunter's  rivcr,  A.  Cunningliam. 
Nearly  allied  to  P.  ett-phrasioides,  althougli  the  slender  steius,  small  leaves,  &c.,  give  it 
a  very  different  aspect. 

32.  P.  eurybioides,  F.  3Iitcll.  in  Hook.  Kew  Jotirn.  viii.  1G8,  and  in 
Trtins.  Phil.  Suc.  Vict.  i.  48.  A  shrub  with  slig-htly  hoary-pubescent 
branches.  Leaves  small,  sessile,  often  clustered  in  the  axils,  from 
ovate  to  oblong-linear,  obtuse,  entire,  thick,  concave,  usually  g-labrous, 
1  to  2  lines  long-,  the  Horal  ones  similar  or  passing-  into  broader 
bracts.  Flowers  axillary,  but  usually  3  or  4  pairs  crowded  at  the  ends 
of  the  branches  so  as  to  form  short  leafy  racemes,  the  iloral  leaves 
shorter  than  the  calyx.  Pedicels  short;  bracts  short  and  obtuse. 
Calyx  nearly  3  lines  long-,  coloured,  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  prominently 
ribbed,  the  lips  nearly  equal,  the  lower  one  sometimes  retuse.  Corolla 
glabrous,  more  than  twice  as  long*  as  the  calyx.  Anthers  with  one 
appendag-e  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  cell,  the  other  short  and  adnate. 

S.  Australia.     Mallee  scrub,  near  Mount  Barker,  F.  Mueller. 

The  specimens  are  few  and  sniall,  and  the  habit  may  be  different  when  more  fidlj 
developed.  The  afSnities  of  the  species  appear,  however,  to  be  lather  with  the  present 
series  than  with  the  Eacemosce. 

Sect.  2.  Klanderia. — Calyx  with  the  tube  less  prominently 
striate  than  in  Euprostunthcra,  tlie  lips  nearly  equal,  and  usually  equally 
open  after  flowering-.  Corolla-tube  narrow  at  the  base,  usually  incurved 
and  dilated  upwards,  the  upper  lip  erect  concave  or  arched,  the  lower 
lip  shorter  or  at  any  rate  not  long-er  and  spreading-.  Anther-appen- 
dag-es  very  sliort  and  adnate  or  quite  obsolete,  or  rarely  one  very 
delicate  one  about  as  long*  as  the  cell. 

The  shape  of  the  corolla  is  so  different  from  that  which  is  so  nearly  uniform  in  Eu- 
prostanthera,  that  tbis  section  might  well  be  considered  as  a  distinct  genus,  were  it  not 


100  XCIII.    LABIATiE.  [PfostdlltlKTd. 

tliat  in  other  respects  some  species  come  so  near  to  different  typical  species  of  Prostan- 
thera,  as  to  prevcnt  tlieir  having  any  distingiiishing  habit.  As  a  sectional  name  I 
have  prefcrrcd  F.  Mueller's  geneVic  name  Klanderia,  to  that  of  Cryplda  previously 
established  by  Brown,  tlie  latter  being  derived  from  a  character  probably  abnormal  in 
the  particular  flower  examined. 

33.  P.  ringens,  Bmth.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  303,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xii.  700.  A  iimeli  branched  slirul),  o-labrous  or  the  branches  slig-litly 
pubescent.  Lcaves  on  rather  long-  petioles,  broadly  ovate  or  orbicular, 
obtuse,  entire,  rather  thick,  flat,  under  h  in.  diameter.  Flowers  all 
axiUary,  on  very  short  pedicels.  Calyx  glabrous,  herbaceous,  scarcely 
striate,  fully  3  lines  long-,  the  lips  broad,  equal,  entire,  not  half  so  long 
as  the  tube.  Corolla-tube  shortly  exserted,  the  upper  lip  concave,  2- 
lobed,  long-er  tlian  the  lower  one.  Stamens  nearly  as  long-  as  the 
corolla ;  anthers  without  any  prominent  appendag"es  to  the  connective. 

Queensland.  On  fhe  Maranoa,  Mitchell.  The  leaves  resemble  those  of  the  larger 
varietics  of  P.  rotundifolia,  but  are  larger  and  entire,  the  flowers  are  totally  different. 

34.  P,  Leichhardtii,  Benth.  A  bushy  shrub,  the  branches  slig-htly 
pubescent,  the  fohag-e  g-labrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  distinctly  petio- 
late,  oblong-  or  obovate-oblong',  obtuse,  entire,  rather  thick,  flat,  rarely 
exceeding-  ^  in.  Flowers  apparently  all  axillary,  on  very  short  pedicels, 
without  bracts  on  tlie  specimens  seen.  Calyx  about  3  lines  long-  when 
in  flower,  somewliat  enlarg-ed  afterwards,  the  tube  broad,  scarcely 
striate,  the  lips  equal,  entire,  scarcely  half  as  long-  as  the  tube.  Corolha 
slightly  hairy  outside,  the  tube  shortly  exceeding-  the  calyx  and  scarcely 
dilated,  the  upper  Hp  4  to  5  lines  long-,  concave,  emarginate,  the  lobes 
of  the  lower  hp  much  shorter,  all  fringed  with  rather  long'  liairs.  Sta- 
mens  nearly  as  long-  as  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla ;  anthers  without 
any  prominent  appendag-es  to  the  connective. 

Queensland.  Eottletrce  Creek,  Leichhardt.  F.  Mueller  (Fragm.  \a.  106)  includes 
this  iii  P.  ovaUfoIia  of  which  it  has  nearly  the  foliage,  but  the  flowers  are  totally  different. 
It  is  very  nearto  P.ringens,  but  with  differently  shaped  leaves,  and  perhaps  tho  coroUas 
niay  not  be  quite  the  same.  The  two  will  require  furthercomparison  on  better  specimens. 

3o.  P.  microphylla,  A.  Cunn.  in  Bcnth.  Lal).  Gcn.  ctSp.  454  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xii.  bC)'^.  A  h>w  bushy  or  scrubby  shrub  rarely  above  1  ft.  hig'h, 
more  or  less  scabrous-pubescent.  Leaves  very  sliortly  petiolate,  oblong* 
or  rarely  oval-oblong,  obtuse,  thick,  recurved"^  from  tlie  base  to  the  end, 
but  without  recurved  or  revolute  margins,  often  all  under  1  line  long* 
and  very  rarely  exceeding-  2  lines.  Pedicels  axillary,  much  shorter 
than  the  calyx  and  often  not  above  |  line  long-.  Bracts  small,  close 
under  the  calyx.  Calyx  obscurely  striate,  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous, 
usually  about  3  hnes  or  rarely  4  lines  long-,  the  lips  much  siiorter  than 
the  tube,  equal  and  obtuse. '  Corolla  scarlet,  slightly  pubescent,  fully 
twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  tube  exserted  and  slig-htly  incurved, 
enlarg-ed  uj)wards,  the  upper  Hj)  erect,  concave,  emarginate,  the  lower 
lip  mucli  shorter.  Stamens  exserted  but  shorter  than  the  upper  lip ; 
anthers  with  one  appendage  aljout  as  long  as  or  shortly  exceeding-  the 
ccll,  but  very  delicate  and  easily  overlooked. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii. 


ProstantJiem.]  xriii.   labiat.i:.  lOT 

562 ;   P.  coccinen,  F.  Muell.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  viii.  1G8,  and  in  Trans. 
Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  48. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.     Euryalean  scrub,  S.AV.  of  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cunningham. 

Victoria.  Dry  arid  places,  Avoca  and  Murray  Desert,  F.  Mueller ;  Lakc  Waringra, 
DaJlarliii. 

S.  Australia.     Tumby  Bay,  Wilhelmi ;  Venns  Bay,  Warhurton. 

W.  Australia.  Towards  Cape  Riche,  Drummond,  5th  coll.  n.  341  ;  Phillips, 
Oldfield  and  Salt  rivers,  Eyre's  Range,  E.  Mount  Barren,  &c.,  Ma.vivell. 

Cryphia  serpi/llifolia,  R.  Br.  Prod.  508,  Benth,  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  558,  from  Memory 
Cove,  appear.s  to  nie  from  the  inspection  of  the  original  specimens  to  be  identical  with 
this  pUvnt.  BrowTi,  it  is  true,  describes  the  corolla  as  shorter  than  calyx  and  concealed 
within  it  and  derives  from  that  circumstance  his  generic  name.  But  he  probably  had 
only  an  imperfectly  developed  flower  to  examine.  His  specimens  now  show  only 
calyxes  past  flower,  and  a  few  very  young  buds.  C.  microphylla,  R.  Br.  I.c,  from  the 
same  locality  is  evidently,  as  suggested  by  Brown,  a  minute-Ieaved  variety  of  the  same 
plant.     The  specimens  have  no  flowers. 

'3G.  P.  aspalathoides,  A.  Ci/nn.  m  Benth.  LaT).  Gen.  et  Sp.  453  aJid  in 
DC.  Prod.  xii.  i)Q'2.  A  low  rigid  bushy  shruh,  slig-htly  scahrous-pubes- 
cent  and  soraetimes  perhaps  viscid.  Leaves  hnear-terete,  very  ohtuse, 
channelled  above,  rather  thick,  contracted  into  a  very  short  petiole, 
crowded  on  the  smaller  hranchlets,  rarely  above  3  lines  long-.  Pedicels 
axillary,  usually  very  short  and  always  much  shorter  than  the  calyx, 
the  hracts  close  under  the  calyx.  Calyx  more  or  less  pubescent,  4  or 
rarely  5  Hnes  long-^  somewhat  striate  at  the  base,  the  hps  obtuse  or 
shortly  acuminate,  nearly  equal  and  much  shorter  than  the  tube. 
Corolla  tAvice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  shg-htly  pubescent  or  nearly  g-hibrous, 
the  tube  exserted,  much  enlarg-ed  upwards  and  incurved,  the  lips 
short,  the  upper  one  erect,  emarg-inate  and  very  broad,  the  lower  one 
short,  with  3  ovate  lobes.  Stamens  exserted  but  not  exceeding-  the 
upper  lip ;  anthers  without  any  appendag-e  to  the  connective  which  is 
only  sHg-htly  fi-ing-ed. 

N,  S.  TVales.  Barren  wastes  S.  W.  of  the  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser, 
Mitchell. 

Victoria,     Jlurray  Desert,  F.  Mueller  ;  Wimmera,  Dallaehy. 
S,  Australia.     Sandy  scrub,  Kangaroo  island,  Waterhouse. 

F.  Mueller  unites  this  and  the  two  following  species  with  P.  microphylla  under  the 
name  of  P.  coccinea,  but  the  very  marked  diflerences  in  the  foiiage  as  well  as  in  the 
shape  of  the  corolla  appear  to  me  to  be  constant  in  all  the  specimens  seen. 

37.  P.  calycina,  F.  Mucll.  A  rig-id  bushy  shrub,  more  or  less 
hoary-pubescent  with  short  rigid  hairs.  Leaves  very  shortly  petiolate, 
ovate  or  ovate-oblong-,  obtuse,  entire,  with  recurved  margnns  but  the 
whole  leaf  rather  incurved  than  recurved,  contracted  at  the  base,  rarely 
under  2  lines  and  sometimes  4  lines  long.  Flowers  axilhiry,  nearly 
sessile  or  on  pedicels  not  exceeding*  1  line,  the  bracts  short,  linear,  close 
under  the  calyx.  Calyx  5  to  7  lines  long-,  not  striate,  hut  with  a  pro- 
minent  rib  on  each  side  decurrent  from  the  junction  of  the  lips,  which 
are  broad,  obtuse,  nearly  equal  and  much  shorter  than  the  tube. 
Corolla  slig'htly  pubescent  outside,  with  a  broad  straight  tube  slightly 
enlarg-ed  upwards  and  not  exceeding-  the  calyx,  tlie  lips  very  short,  tlie 


lOS  xciii.    LABIAT.T-:.  [Prostuntheru. 

uijper  one  crect  aud  broad,  tlie  lower  one  broadly  3-lobed,  and  ratber 
shorter  than  the  uj^per  one,  the  whole  corolla  not  exceeding-  the  calyx 
by  more  than  a  quarter  of  its  leng-th.  Anthers  without  any  or  only 
with  an  exceeding-ly  short  appendag-e  to  the  connective,  but  one  celi 
tip])ed  witli  a  niinute  point. 

S.  Australia,     roit  Lincoln,  Wilhelmi ;  Venus  Bay,  Warhurton. 

Tliis  species  lias  fhe  leaves  nearly  oF  P.  chlorantha,  but  largcr,  and  the  large  nearly 
sessile  calyx  and  the  coroUa  are  very  different  from  those  of  that  species.  The  speci- 
mens  seen  are  but  vcry  t'c\v. 

38.  P.  chlorantha,  F.  Mudl.  Herl).  A  rig-id  divaricate  shrub,  with 
nunierous  small  sometimes  almost  leafless  branches,  more  or  less 
sprinkled  or  scabrous  with  short  crisped  or  almost  steHate  hairs, 
Leaves  very  small  and  shortly  petiolate  or  almost  sessile,  broadly  ovate 
or  rliomboidal,  obtuse,  with  revolute  margins,  all  under  2  lines  and 
mostly  not  1  line  long-.  Pedicels  axillary,  slender,  3  to  5  lines  long-, 
witli  a  pair  of  bracts  near  the  calyx  or  at  a  little  distance  below.  Calyx 
pubescent,  often  reddish  when  dry,  about  5  lines  long-,  the  lips  nearly 
equal,  inore  or  less  acuminate,  rather  shorter  than  the  tube.  Corolla 
*'  g-reen,"  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  slig-btly  pubescent,  the  tube 
exserted,  incurved,  g-radually  enlarg-ed,  the  limb  very  oblique,  the 
upper  lip  erect  concave  emarg-inate,  the  lower  one  rather  shorter,  tlie 
lateral  lobes  ovate,  the  middle  one  broader.  Anthers  shortly  exserted 
from  the  tube,  without  any  appendage  to  the  connective. — Klandcria 
chlorantha,  F.  Muell.  in  Linna?a,  xxv.  426. 

S.  Australia.  Mount  Barker  QvQ(i\,  L.  Fischer ;  Encounter  Bay,  Whittaher  ; 
Cygnet  Bay,  Kaugaroo  island,  Waterhome. 

P.  Caleyi,  Bcnth.  Lab.  Geu.  et  Sp.  454,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xu.  562,  from  N.  S.  Wales, 
which,  owing  to  the  dispersion  of  tho  Lambertian  herbarium,  I  am  unable  now  to 
re-examinc,  nmst  be  very  near  P.  chlorantha,  with  the  same  foliage  and  long  pedicels  ; 
but,  if  the  character  I  gave  proves  correct,  it  differs  in  the  shorter  corolla,  and  the 
presence  of  a  short  appendage  to  the  connective.  The  form  of  the  corolla  having 
however  not  been  specially  dcscribed,  I  am  unwilling  formally  to  admit  the  species 
witliout  further  confirmation. 

16.  HEMIANDRA,  R.  Br. 

Calyx  2-Iipped  or  5-toothed.  Corolla  with  a  broad  campanulate 
tliroat,  the  upper  lip  short,  erect,  broadly  2-lobed,  the  lower  long-er, 
spreading-,  3-Iobed,  the  middle  lobe  often  2-Iobed.  Stamens  4,  in  pairs  ; 
anthers  1-celled,  the  connective  elong-ated  and  produced  beyond  its 
insertion  on  the  filament  in  a  sinall  tooth-Iike  or  shortly  linear  appen- 
dag"e.  Style  shortly  bifid  at  the  end.  Nuts  reticulate-rug-ose,  attached 
to  above  the  middle.  Seeds  albuminous. — Shrubs  or  underslirubs, 
usually  ditfuse  but  rig-id.  Leaves  opposite,  entire,  narrow,  rig-id, 
pung-ent-pointed.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  with  a  pair  pf  bracts 
under  the  calyx. 

The  geuus  is  limited  to  Wcst  Australia.  It  only  differs  from  Hemiijenia  in  the 
pimgeut-poiuted  lcaves  and  the  shortncss  of  the  posterior  end  of  the  connectivum  of 


JIe7niandra.]  xciii.   i,AniAT7i:.  109 

the  anthers,  and  migbt  be  conRidered  as  a  section  of  that  genus  were  there  any  advan- 
tage  in  doing  so  compensating  for  the  inconvenience  of  the  change  in  nomenclature. 

Calyx  2-lippcd,  the  npper  lip  entire  or  with  small  lateral  lohes,  the 
lower  2-lobcd. 

Calyx-lobes  verv  acute  or  pungent-pointed 1 .  ff.  pungevs. 

Caljx-lobes,  at  least  the  lower  ones,  very  obtuse 2.  IT.  leiantlia. 

Calyx  with  5  rigid  subulate  nearly  equal  teeth Z.  H.  incana. 

1.  H.  pungens,  B.  Br.  Prod.  502.  A  diffuse  or  spreadino-  (rarely 
erect  .'*)  rigid  shnib,  sometimes  qiiite  dwarf,  sometimes  ascending'  to  1 
or  2  t"t.,  qiiite  g'labrous  or  tlie  branches  only  or  also  the  leaves  and 
calyxes  hispid  with  rigid  spreading-  hairs,  often  intermixed  on  the 
branches  with  a  minute  ptdjescence.  Leaves  sessile,  hnear  or  hnear- 
lanceolate,  rigid,  acute  with  pung-ent  points,  flat  or  concave,  with  1  to 
5  parallel  nerves  very  prominent  underneath.  Pedicels  shorter  than 
the  leaves  and  sometimes  very  short,  the  bracts  hnear  or  lanceolate, 
rig-id  and  pungent-pointed,  close  under  the  calyx.  Flowers  very 
variable  in  size,  ^vhite  or  pink  with  darker  spots.  Calyx  2-Hpped,  the 
middle  lobe  of  the  upper  lip  broad,  tapering-  into  a  pungent  point,  the 
lateral  ones  small  and  rounded  or  quite  obsolete,  the  lower  hp  smaller, 
with  2  acute  usually  pung-ent-pointed  lobes.  Corolla-tube  exserted 
and  dilated  into  a  broad  throat,  lobes  of  the  lower  Hp  usually  all  emar- 
ginate  or  crenate,  the  middle  one  much  larg-er  and  2-lobed,  rolled  over 
the  anthers  in  the  bud.  Connective  of  the  anthers  forming-  usually  a 
very  small  tooth  below  its  insertion  on  the  filament.  Disk  cup-shaped 
and  thick,  enclosing-  the  base  of  the  ovary.  Style  shortly  and  equally 
2-lobed.  Nuts  attached  by  their  inner  face  to  above  the  middle. — 
Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  OC-l ;  Lemaire,  Jard.  Fleur.  t.  126. 

"W.  Australia.  Very  abundant  from  King  George'8  Sound,  B  Brown  and  many 
otbers,  to  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Preiss,  Oklfield,  and  others,  and  everywbere  very 
variable  as  to  tbe  size  of  the  ilowers  and  tbe  hairs.  The  foUowing  are  tbe  most  marked 
forms : — 

a.  grandijiora.  Glabrous  or  hispid.  Leaves  usually  narrow,  1  to  l^  in.  long.  Calyx 
about  4  in.,  corolla  1|  to  l^  in.  long. — II.  linearis,  Bentb.  in  Hueg.  Enum.  79,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  i.  564;  H.  lovgifolia,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  356. — Chiefly  from  Swan  river, 
Drummond,  Ist  coll.  also  n.  10,  139,  449;  Preiss,  n.  2305,  2317. 

b.  glahra.  Glabrous  or  scarcely  bispid.  Leaves  spreading,  broad  and  Jibout  ^  in. 
long,  or  narrow,  more  erect,  and  longer.  Calyx  about  \  in.  long,  with  tbe  lobes  of  tbe 
lowcr  b'p  sborter,  acute  but  not  pungent,  and  mucb  inflexed  after  flowering.  Corolla 
nearly  %  in.  long. — H.  glahra.  Benth.  in  Hueg.  Enum.  79;  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Prei.ss.  i.  356; 
H.  juniperina,  Bartl.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  355. — Cbiefly  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll. 
n.  450,  2nd  coll.  n.  144,  145,  3rd  coll.  n.  191,  192,  Preiss,  n.  2307,  2308. 

c.  diffusa.  Usually  dwarf  decunibent  and  bispid.  Leaves  spreading,  linear-lanceo- 
late,  mostly  about  J  in.  long.  Calyx  5  in. ;  corolla  a  little  more  tban  5  in.  long. — H. 
hrevifolia  and  H.  hirsuta,  Benth.  ia  Hueg.  Enum.  79,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  564;  Bartl. 
in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  355. — The  commonest  form  about  King  George's  Sound,  especially  on 
the  sandy  sbores,  B.  Broum,  Baxter,  A.  Cunningham,  &c. 

d.  hispida.  The  same  as  the  var.  c,  but  more  erect  and  more  hispid,  the  upper  lip 
of  tbe  calyx  after  flowering  ratber  more  enlarged. — H.  rupestris,  Hueg.  Bot.  Arch.  t.  4; 
Benth.  in"Hueg.  P^num.  78,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  564;  Bartl  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  354;  H. 
emarginata,  Lindl.  Bot.  Keg.  1841,  Misc.  72  (from  the  character  given)  — Rocky  hills, 
cbiefly  about  King  George's  Sound,  Huegel  and  others,  Drummond,  n.  12,  183,  193, 
448. 


■^IQ  xciii.   LABIAT^.  [Heviiatidra. 

e.  mcana.  Pubescence  short  and  more  or  less  hoarj',  giving  the  plant  the  aspect  of 
H  incana,  but  with  the  calyx  of  H.  pungens.  Corclla  sniall,  minutely  pube.scent. — 
Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  171,  and  some  specimens  of  ist  coll.  n.  450,  Preiss,  n.  2306. 

It  is  possible  that  the  observation  of  flowers  in  the  recent  state  may  supply  characters 
to  distinguish  amongst  the  above  at  ieast  two  more  defiuite  varieties  or  species,  but  in 
the  great  majority  of  dried  specimens  the  corollas  are  too  much  injured  to  ascertain 
their  precise  foriu  and  size. 

L\  H.  leiantha,  Bcnth.  An  erect  bushy  rig-id  shrub  of  1  to  4  ft., 
our  speciniens  all  entirely  g-labrous.  Leaves  of  the  g-labrous  varieties 
of  //.  pungens  and  varying-  like  them  from  lanceolate  to  linear,  recurved 
or  nearly  straight,  |  in.  to  above  1  in.  long-,  pung-ent-pointed,  rig-id, 
3-  to  5-nerved,  smooth  and  shining".  Flowers  sessile  or  shortly  pedi- 
cellate,  usually  about  |  in.  long-.  Calyx  with  the  upper  lip  broad, 
obtuse  or  scarcely  acute  in  the  centre  and  not  pung-ent-pointed,  the 
lower  lip  smaller  2-lobed,  the  lobes  always  very  obtuse.  Corolla  of 
H.  piinf/ens,  but  quite  g-labrous.  Anthers  slender,  the  lower  end  of  the 
connective  much  more  prominent  than  in  any  of  the  flowers  examined 
of  //.  piinffcns,  although  less  so  than  in  //.  incana. 

IV.  Australia.  Murchison  river,  Oldfield  (several  forms  differing  chiefly  in 
the  lent'-tli  aiid  breadth  of  the  leaves),  Drummond,  (a  single  specimen  in  herb.  F. 
Muell.) 

^,  H.  incana,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  i.  357.  A  shrub  probably  low 
iuul  l)ushv,  much  branched,  hoary-pubescent  or  shortly  hispid.  Leaves 
rather  crowded,  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  rigid,  puno-ent-pointed, 
mostlv  5-nerved,  |  to  1  in.  long-.  Pedicels  very  short.  Calyx  3  to  4 
lines  long-,  narrower  than  in  H.  punffcns,  rig-id,  striate,  with  5  rigid 
puno-ent  Hnear-subulate  teeth,  as  long;  as  the  calyx,  and  nearly  ecjual  or 
more  or  less  arranged  in  2  lips.  Corolla  like  that  of  //.  jnntffcns  or 
perhaps  with  the  lower  lip  not  so  long-,  but  not  seen  very  perfect. 
Connective  produced  below  its  insertion  on  the  filament  into  a  tooth 
usually  longer  than  in  the  two  preceding-  species,  but  perhaps  variable. 
— Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  565. 

^V.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  n.  Ib;  Preiss,  7i.  2316.  Kesembles  at 
first  sight  the  var.  incana  of  H.  pungens,  but  the  calyx  is  very  difierent. 

All  the  above  species  and  varieties  of  Hemiandra  require  further  illustration  from 
the  exaniination  of  fresh  flowers,  for  in  dried  specimens  the  rigidity  of  the  foliage  has 
interfered  very  much  with  the  proper  desiccation  of  the  coroUas,  which  are  usually 
withercd  up  or  destroyed. 

17.  HEMIGENIA,  R.  Br. 

(Colobandra,  Bartl.    Atelandra,  lAndl.) 

Calyx  2-lipped  or  5-toothed.  Corolla  with  a  dilated  throat;  the 
upper  lip  erect,  more  or  less  concave,  emarginate  or  2-lobed,  the  lower 
lip  long-er,  spreading-,  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  usually  larg-er  and  often 
2-lobea.  Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  anthers  1-celled,  the  connective  elong-ated, 
produced  beyond  the  insertion  into  an  appendag-e  or  sterile  branch, 
which  in  the  upper  pair  is  usually  short  dilated  and  bearded  or  crested 


Heviigenia.]  xciii.  LABiATiE.  111 

at  the  end  witli  short  hairs,  in  the  lower  pair  or  rarely  in  both  ])airs 
g-labrous  and  attenuate  or  bearing-  an  imperfect  cell  at  the  end.  Style 
shortly  bifid  at  the  end.  Nuts  reticulate-rugose,  attached  to  the  middle 
or  hig-her  up.  Seeds  albuminous. — Shrubs  or  undershrubs.  Leaves 
opposite  or  in  whorls  of  3,  entire,  obtuse  or  rarely  acute  and  never 
pung-ent-pointed.  Flowers  all  axillary,  solitary  or  rarely  chistered,  with 
a  pair  of  bracts  under  the  ealyx.  Corolla  hairy  inside  at  the  insertion 
of  the  stamens  and  usually  at  the  base  of  the  lower  Hp. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia,  and,  witb  the  exceijtion  of  two  species,  to  West 
Australia. 

Sect.  I.  Homalochilus, —  Calyx  2-Upped,  the  Ujjs  broad,  tlie  npjyer  one  entire  or 
hroadly  and  sliortly  3-lobed,  tlie  lower  one  entire  or  shortly  2-lvbed  and  closed  over  the 
orifice  of  the  tube,  as  in  Prostanthera.  Lower  end  of  the  connective  of  tke  lower 
anthers  attemiate  or  sUghtly  clavate. 

Leaves  opposite. 
Leaves  obovate    or    oblong-cuneate.     Pedicels    very    short. 

Flowers  l^  in.  long,  the  corolla  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx  .     i.  B.  macrantha. 
Leaves  narrow.     Pedicels  as  long  as  the  calyx.     Corolla  not 

much  exceeding  the  calyx 2.  H.  rigida. 

Leaves  in  whorls  of  3.     Flowers  small. 

Pedicels  slender,  longer  than  the  calyx i.  H.  ramosissima. 

Pedicels  very  short A.  H.  microphylla. 

Sect.  IL  Atelandra.— Ca??/x  2-Upped,  the  upper  Up  3-lobed,  the  lower  cleeply  2-lobed, 
all  the  lobes  acuminate  (in  the  last  two  species  the  bilabiation  less  distinct).  Loiver  end 
oftke  connective  ofthe  loiver  anthers  attenuate.  Leaves  obtuse,  coutracted  into  a  short 
p)etiole. 

Plant  softly  boary  or  silky-villous. 

Leaves  mostly  oblong  and  above  1  in.  long  on  the  main  stems, 

shorter  and  more  obovate  on  the  branches 5.  H.  incana. 

Leaves  mostly  obovate  and  rarely  exceeding  4  in 6.  H  canescens. 

Plant  closely  hoary  or  silvery.    Leaves  mostly  obovate  or  orbicu- 

lar,  rarely  exceeding  i  in 7.  Hpodalyrina. 

Plant  minutely  glandular-pubescent,  not  hoary.     Leaves  mostly 

obovate  or  oval-oblong,  ^  to  1  in g.  H  platyphylla. 

Plant  glabrous  or  minutely  hoary-pubescent.     Calyx  irregularly 
2-lipped. 

Leaves  oblong  or  obovate-oblong 9.  H.  glabrescens. 

Leaves  narrovv-oblong  or  linear-cuneate 10.  H  obtiisa. 

Sect.  in.  Hemi^euia. —  Calyx-teeth  5,  nearly  equal,  subulate-acuminate  or  acute. 
Lower  end  of  tke  connective  of  the  lower  anthers  attenuate.  Leaves  sessile  {except  in 
H.  humilis). 

Branches  silky-villous  or  wooUy.     Flowers  on  the  main  branches 
clustered  in  the  axils,  rarely  solitary  on  the  smaller  branch- 
lets. 
Leaves  flat  or  concave,  erect  or  spreading. 

Leaves  b'near-lanceolate,  cuneate  or  narrow-oblong,  usually 

lin.  orlonger U.  H  sericea. 

Leaves  broadly  oblong,  mostly  about  \\n 12.  H.  barbata. 

Leaves  complicate  and  recurved,  oblong  or  ovate-lanceolate, 

mostly  about  4  in.  long     _ 13.  H  curvifoUa. 

Glabrous  hoary-pubescent  or  hirsute.     Flowers  all  solitary. 
Leaves  mostly  opposite.     Western  species. 
Leaves  oblong-cuneate,  scabrous-pubescent  or  hirsute      .     .  14.  H.  scabra. 


]lo  xciii.   LABiAT^.  [Hemigenia. 

Leaves  linear-oblong  or  cuneate.     Plant  hoarj'-puLescent  .  15.  H.  humilis. 
Leavcs  very  narrow-linear  or  terete. 

Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long.     Calyx-teeth  shorter  than  the 

tube \6.  ff.  westrivgioides. 

Petlicels  not  1  line  long.   Calyx-teeth  longer  than  the  tube  17.  H.  teretluscula. 
Leavcs  in  whorls  of  3  or  4.     Eastern  species. 

Lcavfs  narrow-linear  or  terete 18.  H.  purpurea. 

Lcavcs  oblong-cuneate Id.  H.  cuneifolia. 

Sect.  IV.  Diplanthera. —  Cali/x-teeth  5,  nearh/  equal,  subulate-acuminate  or  acute. 
Lower  end  ofthe  conntctlve  of  the  lower  antiiers  bearing  an  imperfed,  cell  at  the  end. 
Leaves  sessile,  opposite. 

Leaves  oblong  or  oblong-cuneate,  \  to  nearly  4  in-  long.     Plant 

glabrous  or  ininutcly  pubescent 20.  H.  Drummondii. 

Leaves  oblong,  2  to  3  lines  long.     Plant  hirsute.     Flowers  very 

sniall 21.  H.  pimelifolia. 

Lcaves  linear,  \io  h.  ^^-  '^"g-     Plant  glabrous 22.  H.  diplanthera. 

Sect.  1,  HoMALOCHiLUS. — Calyx  2-lipped,  the  lips  broad,  the 
iippor  one  entire  or  broadly  and  shortly  3-lobed,  the  lower  one  entire 
or  shortly  2-lobed  and  closed  over  the  orifice  of  the  tube  as  in  Pros- 
tanthcra.  Lower  end  of  the  connective  of  the  lower  anthers  attenuate 
or  slig-htly  chivate. 

The  species  of  this  seclion  differ  considerably  from  each  other  in  habit,  but  yet  are 
not  closely  connected  with  any  of  those  of  other  sections,  and  are  all  remarkable  for  their 
Prostanthcra-likc  calyx. 

1.  H.  macrantha,  F.  Mucll.  Frafjm.  i.  210.  A  shrub  with  erect 
virii;ate  rather  stout  branches,  hoary  or  white  as  well  as  the  foliage  with 
a  close  stenate  tomentum,  which  disappears  from  the  older  leaves. 
Leaves  opposite,  erect  or  scarcely  spreading-,  obovate  or  oblong--cuneate, 
very  obtuse  and  sometimes  minutely  mucronate,  contracted  into  a  short 
petiole,  rig-idly  coriaceous,  with  few  rather  prominent  primary  veins,  | 
to  1  in.  long".  Flowers  all  axillary,  on  short  pedicels.  Bracts  linear, 
Calyx  attaining  J  to  f  in.  after  flowering-,  the  upper  lip  ovate,  con- 
tracted  upwards  but  obtuse,  entire,  the  lower  one  much  shorter,  with  2 
short  obtuse  or  ahnost  acute  lobes.  CoroUa  g'lal)rous,  nearlv  \^  in, 
long,  the  tube  exserted  and  not  much  dilated  at  the  throat,  the  upper 
lip  long*  and  narrow,  arcuate,  cor.cave,  emarginate,  the  sides  spreading-; 
lower  lip  shorter,  witli  3  rather  narrow  lobes.  Stamens  ascending- 
under  the  upper  lip  and  nearly  as  long-,  all  the  anthers  with  the  lower 
end  of  the  connective  long-  linear  and  g-labrous.  Nuts  very  prominently 
reticulate. 

W.  Australia.  Murchison  river,  OlJfield,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  142  ;  Lagi-ange 
Bay,  Martin. 

The  sti Uute  pubesccnce  of  this  species  appears  to  be  exceptional  in  the  tribe  and 
almcst  in  the  Order. 

2.  H.  rigida,  Bcnfh.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  bQb.  A  g-labrous  shrub, 
apparently  ditfuse  or  loosely  spreading-  as  in  Hemiandra,  but  the  foliag-e 
not  at  all  pung-ent.  Leaves  opposite,  linear-oblong-  or  linear-cuneate, 
obtuso,  entire,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  coriaceoiis,  concave, 
nerveless  except  the  scarcely  prominent  midrib,  mostly  f  to  1  in.  long-. 


Ilcmh/cnia.]  XCIII.    LABIAT.E.  113 

Pedicels  axillary,  slentler,  long"er  than  tlie  calyx  Init  sliorter  tlian  tlie 
leaves.  Bracts  trom  a  broad  base  acutely  acuniinate,  nearly  as  long-  as 
the  calyx.  Calyx  3  to  4  lines  long-,  the  upper  Hp  broad,  acute  or 
acutely  acuminate,  the  lower  one  shorter,  with  '2  acute  k)bes.  CoroUa 
not  much  h)ng-er  than  the  calyx,  g-hibrous  outside,  the  upper  lip  short 
with  IL?  broad  lo])es,  the  lower  lip  much  long-er,  with  a  larg'e  middle  lobe 
emarg-inate  or  i?-lobed,  all  the  lobes  crenulate.  (Jonnective  of  the 
iipper  anthers  clavate  at  tlie  lower  end  and  minutely  bearded,  of  the 
lower  anthers  g'labrous. 

yJV.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  146. 

3.  H.  ramosissima,  Boith.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  5G5.  A  slender  shndj, 
apparentl}'  dilfuse,  g-labrous  or  with  opposite  lines  of  minute  hairs  de- 
current  on  the  branches.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  3,  nearly  sessile,  linear, 
obtuse  or  acute,  entire,  rather  rigid,  1-nerved,  rarely  above  |  in.  long-. 
Pedicels  axillary,  filiform,  about  as  long"  as  the  leaves,  very  spreading-, 
with  a  pair  of  linear-subulate  bracts  under  the  calyx.  Calyx  about  1\ 
lines  long",  broadly  campanulate,  glabrous,  the  upper  lip  broad,  recurved, 
shortly  and  broadly  3-lobed,  the  lower  one  more  or  less  distinctly 
2-lobed  with  obtuse  or  scarcely  acute  lobes,  and  curved  over  the  tul)e 
as  in  Prostanthcra.  Corolla  not  seen  open.  Anthers  in  the  young-  bud 
similar  to  tliose  of  H.  rir/ida. 

"W.  Australia.  Betwecn  Swan  river  and  King  George's  Sound,  a  singlc  specimen 
in  thc  Hookerian  herbarium,  witb  numerous  perfect  caljxes,  but  all  past  flower. 

4.  H.  microphylla,  Bcnth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  565.  Amuch-branched 
erect  somewhat  virgate  shrub,  with  numeroiis  small  leaves  and  Howers, 
and  cjuite  g'labrous.  Leaves  mostly  in  whorls  of  three,  oblong-  lanceo- 
late  or  almost  linear,  obtuse,  entire,  rather  thick,  under  ^  in.  long-  and 
sometimes  not  \  in.  Flowers  all  axillary,  on  very  sliort  pedicels.  Bracts 
linear,  acute,  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Calyx  1|^  to  2  lines  long-,  like  tliat 
of  a  Prostunthcra,  with  2  broad  lips  closed  after  flowering-,  the  upper  one 
rounded,  obtuse  and  entire,  the  lower  one  rather  smaller,  entire  or  re- 
tuse.  Corolla  not  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  glabrous  outside,  tlie  tube 
about  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  upper  lip  short,  erect,  2-lobed,  the  lower 
one  longer,  spreading-,  with  undulate  emarginate  lobes,  the  middle  one 
2-lobed.  Connective  of  the  upper  anthers  dilated  and  slig'htly  bearded 
at  the  lower  end,  that  of  the  lower  ones  attenuate  and  g'labrous. 

\ir.  Australia,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  191  {and  151?)  ;  Harvey  and  Gordon 
rivers,  Oliljield. 

Sect.  2.  Atelandra. — Calyx  more  or  less  distinctly  2-lipped,  the 
upper  lip  3-toothed  or  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  usually  larg;er  than  the 
lateral  ones,  the  lower  lip  deeply  2-lobed,  all  the  lobes  acuminate.  Lower 
end  of  tlie  connective  of  the  lower  anthers  attenuate  or  rarely  clavate 
and  g-labrous. 

5.  H.  incana,  Bcnth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  566.  An  undershrub  or  shrub 
attaining-  2  or  3  ft.,  covered  in  every  part  with  hoary  or  silky  short 

VOL.  V.  I 


114  xciii.   LAUIAT.E.  [Hcmigenia. 

hairs,  appressed  and  rather  short  on  the  stems  and  leaves,  longer  and 
more  sin-eading-  on  the  calvxes  and  inilorescence.  Leaves  on  the  main 
stems  oblon---,  ohtuse,  contVacted  into  a  very  short  petiole  and  1  to  2  m. 
lono-,  sliorter  und  more  petiohite  on  tlie  side  branches,  the  iioral  ones 
gTa^ually  smaller,  and  the  upper  ones  scarcely  exceediny  the  ilowers. 
Flowers  *' pink"  or  "  purple,"  shortly  pediceHate  or  ahiiost  sessde,  all 
axillary,  but  sometimes  crowded  into"^short  axillary  or  terminal  leafy 
racemes.  Bracts  linear  or  setaceous.  Calyx  very  villous,  nearly  8  lines 
long",  the  teeth  lanceohite,  verv  acute,  in  2  lips,  the  upper  one  J3-lobed 
with  tlie  middle  lobe  hirger,  the  lower  deeply  2-lobed.  Corolla  about 
i  in.  long-,  shortlv  villous  outside,  the  tube  about  as  long-  as  the  calyx, 
the  up])er  lip  erect  concave  and  emargmate,  the  lower  one  spreading- 
and  twice  as  long-,  with  a  large  2-lobed  middle  lobe.  Lowerend  oftbe 
connective  of  the  lower  anthers  chivate. — AicJundm  incana,  Lindl.  Swan 
Eiv.  App.  40,  t.  5  (the  corolla  reversed  in  the  figure)  ;  A.  ■polDstachya, 
Lindl.  l.c. ;  HcmhjcnUi  polygtachyn,  ]ienth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  566 ;  Colo- 
hamJra  rohn.sfa,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  85?. 

W.  Australia.  Swaii  rivcr,  Brummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  451,  Freiss,  w.2313  ;  Harvey 
river,  Oldjield. 

C).  H.  canescens,  Bc?ith.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  566.  A  shrub  of  1  to  2 
ft.,  much  less  robust  than  U.  incana,  clothed  with  a  hoary  or  silky-white 
pubescence,  sometimes  short  and  a})])ressed,  sometimes  dense,  long-,  and 
loose,  and  often  wearing  otf  li'om  tlie  u])})er  surface  of  the  leaves.  Leaves 
opposite  or  very  rarely  iu  whorls  of  three,  obovate  from  ahnost  orbicular 
to  oblong',  obtuse,  verj  spreading-  or  recurved,  contracted  into  a  short 
petiole,  thick  and  soft,  rarely  exceeding-  |  in.,  sometimes  very  silky- 
white,  sometimes  quite  green.  Flowers  small,  solitary  in  the  axils,  on 
pedicels  usually  very  short  and  rarely  above  1  line.  Calyx  rather  broad, 
2  lines  long*  wiien  in  flower,  often  3  lines  in  fruit,  tlie  teeth  ratber  broad, 
acute  or  almost  obtuse,  scarcely  so  long"  as  tlie  tube,  the  3  ujiper 
ones  nearly  cqual  or  the  middle  one  larger.  the  2  lower  ones  united  in 
a  shortly  2-lobed  hp,  CoroHa  about  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  pubes- 
cent  outside,  ap})arently  like  tliat  of  H.  incana,  but  not  seen  very  per- 
fect.  Anthers  of  H.  incana — CoJvhandra  canoicens,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
i.  358  (from  the  character  given). 

■^V.  Australia,  iJrummond,  \st  coll.,  Srd  coll  n.  149  ;  Ilay  district,  Prciss,  n.  2314 
{Bortliiif/) ;  Salt  river,  Ma.rwell. 

Var.  mollis.  ^More  hirsute,  the  hairs  niore  .siircading,  white  or  dark  colour  d,  oftcn 
mixcd  with  a  few  glandidar  liairs. —  Colohandra  mollis,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  358  ; 
Hemigenia  mollis,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  506. — York  distiict,  Prciss,  n.  2310,  also 
some  specimcns  among  Drummond'' s,  n.  149. 

CoJolandra  Janata,  Bartl.  l.c.  359  (Hemigenia  Janata,  Benth.  l.c.)  of  wliich  the 
flower.^  are  unkuown,  is  probabiy  a  more  woolly  form  of  the  saiue  specics. 

7.  H.  podalyrina,  F.  MncJJ.  Fraf/m.  vi.  112.  A  spreading- shrub  of 
1  to  2  ft.,  witii  the  general  aspect  and  foliag-e  of  //.  cane.sccns,  of  which 
it  may  possibly  be  a  variety,  but  the  indumentum  is  very  close  aud  short, 
hoary  or  silvery  or  reddish  at  the  ends  of  the  branches. '  Leaves  obovate 


JSemiffenm.]  xciii.  LABiATiE.  115 

or  orbicular,  contracted  into  a  very  sliort  petiole,  rarely  above  h  in. 
diameter.  Flowers  in  tlie  upper  axils,  on  very  short  pedieels.  Bracts 
small,  linear.  Calyx  open,  :2  to  3  lines  loni:',  covered  with  the  same 
appressed  tomentuin  as  the  rest  of  the  ])hint,  the  teeth  sliort  and  broad, 
almost  o1)tuse  and  more  or  less  distinctly  forming-  2  lips,  the  middle 
upper  tooth  usually  the  hirg-est.  Corolla  about  h  in.  long-,  slig-litly  pubes- 
ceut  outside,  densely  beurded  inside  at  the  throat.  Anthers  of  H. 
incana  and  H.  canescens. 

"W.  Australia.     Eocks  on  the  Kalgan  river,  Oldfield,  Maxwell. 

8.  H.  platjrphylla,  Benth.  in  BC.  Prod.  xii.  566.  A  slender  shrub 
or  undershrub  of  about  2  ft.,  the  branches  and  foliag"e  pubescent  with 
minute  g-hmduhir  hairs  intermixed  sometimes  with  a  few  long-er  ones, 
not  g'hindular  on  tlie  young"  shoots  and  pedicels,  but  not  hoary  or  silky 
like  tlie  three  preceding-  species.  Leaves  opposite,  obovate  to  oval-oblong-, 
obtuse,  narrowed  into  a  short  petiole,  1-nervedor  obscurel}^  triplinerved, 
^  to  1  in.  long-  or  smaller  on  the  side  branches.  Flowers  ''  lilac,"  all 
axillary  on  short  pedicels.  Calyx  after  Howering-  about  3  lines  long-, 
2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  3-lobed,  the  lower  rather  shorter  and  2-lobed,  all 
the  lobes  rather  broad,  acute  or  shortly  acuminate  but  irreg-ular.  Co- 
rolhi  (which  I  have  not  seen)  5  lines  long",  the  limb  pubescent  outside, 
the  upper  lip  concave,  bifid,  the  lower  twice  as  long-  with  undulate  cre- 
nate  lobes.  Lower  end  of  the  connective  of  the  upper  anthers  scarcely 
bearded. —  Cuhibandra  platyplnjlla,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  358. 

W.  Australia.  Mount  Bakewell,  York  district,  Preiss,  n.  2319  {Herh.  DC.  and 
F.  MuelL). 

Colohandra  suhvillosa,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  359  {Hemigenia  suhviUosa,  Benth.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xii.  566),  from  the  same  York  district,  is  said  tobe  very  similarto  H.  j^lati/- 
pliyUa,  but  with  villous  branches,  and  is  probably  a  variety  only,  as  there  are  occa- 
sionally  some  ron-glandular  hairs  on  the  typical  H.  jAatypliyUa. 

9.  H.  glabrescens,  Bcnth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  560.  A  shrub  with 
slender  branches,  slig-htly  hoary  as  well  as  the  young-  foliag-e  with  short 
appressed  hairs,  at  length  nearly  g'labrous  and  without  g'landular  hairs. 
Leaves  opposite,  oblong-  or  obovate-oblong-,  obtuse,  contracted  into  a 
short  petiole,  mostly  |  to  |  in.  long-,  or  on  the  side  shoots  under  |  in., 
gTeen  and  glabrous  or  nearl^'  so  when  full-gTown.  Flowers  sinall,  axil- 
lary,  on  short  pedicels.  Bracts  linear.  Calyx  rather  broadly  campanu- 
late,  villous  with  spreading*  hairs,  2  lines,  or  after  flowering-  3  lines  long-, 
the  teeth  subulate-acuminate,  irregularly  2-lipped.  Corolla  about  twice 
as  long"  as  the  calyx,  pubescent  outside,  the  uj)per  lip  short,  broad  and 
concave,  the  lower  lip  long-er.  Connective  of  the  upper  anthers  bearded 
at  the  lower  end,  of  the  lower  anthers  glabrous  and  clavate  at  the  tip. 

VT.  Australia,  Drummond,  \st  coU.  n.  452. 

10.  H.  obtusa,  Bcnth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  567,  A  slender,  apparently 
diifiise  or  spreading-  shrub,  g-labrous  or  more  or  less  lioary  with  short 
appressed  hairs.  Leaves  opposite,  oblong-  or  cuneate,  usually  narroAv 
and  sometimes  almost  linear,  rarely  almost  obovate,  obtuse,  contracted 

I  ^ 


]1(;  xciii.   LABiAT.i:.  [Ucmigmia. 

into  a  petiolc,  uiukT  h  'n\.  loiig-.  Flowers  siiKill,  axillarv,  on  peclicels 
sometimes  above  1  line^Iong-,  but  usually  shortj  bracts  subulate.  Calyx 
2  lines,  or  after  flowering*  nearly  3  lines  long-,  shortly  pubescent,  the 
tube  turbinate,  the  teeth  not  long-er  tlian  the  tube,  acute  or  almost  ob- 
tuse,  more  or  less  distinctly  2-Iipped  or  almost  equal.  CoroIIa  not  twice 
as  lon'»'  as  the  calyx,  pubescent  outside.  Connective  of  the  upperanthers 
shoi-tly  beardod  at  tlie  lower  end,  that  of  the  lower  anthers  g-Iabrous. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  147  ;  plains  iiear  Observatory  Lill,  Salt 
Lagoons,  Ma.vwell. 

Sect.  3.  Hemioema. — Calyx-teeth  nearly  equal,  subulate-acimii- 
nate  or  acute.  Lower  end  of  the  connective  of  the  lower  anthers  at- 
tenuate.     Leaves  sessile,  except  in  H.  hiunilis. 

IL  £1.  sericea,  Bmth.  in  Iluetj.  Emtm.  80,  aiHl  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  b(S7 . 
A  stout  shrub  of  several  feet,  with  erect  branches  more  or  less  silky- 
villous  or  at  lengtli  g-Iabrous.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  erect  or  spread- 
ing:,  lanceolate  or  oblong-,  obtuse  or  mucronate,  often  contracted  at  the 
base,  coriaceous,  flat  or  concave,  more  or  less  silky-villous  or  silvery 
white  when  young-,  becoming-  glabrous  when  old,  with  few  veins  besides 
tlie  midrib,  mostly  above  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  sessile  or  very  shortly 
liedicellate,  usually  clustered  in  the  axils  with  linear  or  linear-lanceolate 
bracts,  rarely  solitary  on  young-  side  branches.  Calyx  usually  about  3 
lines  long-,  the  tube  turbinate,  the  teeth  lanceolate-subulate,  nearly 
equal,  long-er  than  the  tube.  Corolla  usually  about  |  in.  long-,  g-Iabrous 
or  nearly  so  outside.  Connective  of  the  upper  stamens  with  the  lower 
end  broad  and  bearded,  that  of  the  lower  stamens  attenuate  and  g-Iabrous. 
— Lartl.  in  PI.  Proiss.  i.  360. 

■^V.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Fraser,  Iluegel,  Drummond,  Ist  colL,  Preiss,  n.  2333, 

Oldjield  and  others. 

Var.  parvijiora.  Leaves  usually  but  not  always  narrow,  and  more  contracted  at  the 
baso,  sometimes  narrow-linear,  silvery-white  or  nearly  glabrous.  Flowers  smalier  but 
variable  in  size,  the  calyx  sometimes  scarcely  above  2  iines  long. — H.parvijiora,  Bartl. 
in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  359  ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  567. — With  the  typical  form,  Drummond, 
Freiss,  n.  2321. 

Urummond,  n.  148  of  tlie  3rd  coll.  willi  nearly  glabrous  vcry  narrow  or  rather  brnad 
leaves,  and  n.  453  ot  the  Ist  coll.  with  silvery-white  leaves,  are  in  many  i'espects  inter- 
mediate  forms,  and  to  these  varielies  of  D.  serirea  should  probably  be  added  II.  argerdea, 
Bart!.  i.c.  360  ;  Benth.  in  DC.  l.c.  567,  which  1  have  not  seen. 

Var.  lanosa,  F.  Muell.  Leaves  and  flowers  of  the  typical  form,  but  the  whole  plant, 
especially  the  young  parts  densely  woolly  with  long  soft  silky  hairs. — Drummond's 
last  coll. 

12.  H.  barbata,  Bartl.  in  PI.  Preiss.  i.  360  ?  Very  closely  allied 
to  //.  .^ericra,  liut  tho  short  Ijroad  leaves  and  loose  indumentum"  g-ive  it 
a  very  difloront  as])oct.  Young-  branches  donsely  clothed  with  long-  loose 
spreading-  but  silky  hairs,  which  wear  off  witli  ag-e.  Leaves  oblono-, 
mostly  rather  above  ^  in.  long-,  and  nearly  |  in.  broad,  looselv  silkv- 
villous  on  l)oth  sides.  Flowers  small,  usually  2  in  each  axil,  nearly 
sessile,  each  with  2  linoar  membranous  haivy  bracts.  Calyx  2  to  2^ 
lines  long-,  silky-villous,  the  teeth  nearly  equal,  soft,  acutely  acuminate. 


Ilcmujaiia.]  XCIIl.    LABIATvK.  117 

ratlier  .sliorter  or  loniivr  tlinii  th(>  tubo.  Corolla  glabrous,  at  least  in 
tlie  bud.  Anthers  of  II.  sericca,  the  lower  end  of  the  connective  of  the 
lower  ones  slig-htly  chivate  or  attenuate. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  77  {Prelss,  n.  2320  ?).  I  have  not  seen  Preiss'.s 
specimcns,  but  i)runu)ioiul's  agree  niuch  better  with  Bartling'8  description  than  tho 
phmt  I  referred  to  H.  harhata  iu  DC.  Prod.  xii.  5G6,  which  is  but  one  of  the  small- 
flowered  varieties  of  H.  sericca. 

13.  H.  curvifolia,  F.  Mucll.  Fmf/m.  i.  210.  A  slirul)  of  t?  or  3  ft., 
the  branches  wooll3'-hirsute,  the  young-  shoots  silk^^-villous,  the  older 
foliag-e  becoming-  glabrous.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  ovate-lanceolate 
or  oblong',  mostly  aciite,  rigid,  complicate,  recurved,  J  in.  long-  or  rather 
more.  Flowers  rather  small,  clustered  in  the  axils  and  in  every  respect 
like  those  of  the  small-Howered  varieties  of  H.  scricca. 

W.  Australia.  Rocky  hills,  Hiil  river,  Oldfield.  There  are  but  very  few  small 
specimens,  more  complete  ones  may  possibly  shovv  this  to  be  an  extreme  form  of 
H.  sericea. 

14.  H.  scabra,  Bcnth.  Apparently  an  undershrub  with  slig-htly- 
branched  erect  stems  of  J  to  f  ft.,  scabrous-pubescent  or  shortly  hir- 
sute  as  well  as  the  foliag"e.  Leaves  opposite,  or  very  rarely  in  whorls 
of  3,  oblong--cuneate,  very  obtuse  or  truncate  at  the  end,  contracted  at 
the  base  but  scarcely  petiolate,  4  to  8  lines  long-.  Flowers  small,  soli- 
tary  in  the  axils,  on  short  pedicels.  Bracts  linear-lanceolate,  often  as 
long'  as  the  calyx.  Calyx  nearly  3  lines  long",  the  teeth  acute,  rather 
broad,  all  ecjual,  as  long-  as  the  tube.  Corolla  only  seen  in  bud.  Con- 
nective  of  tlie  upper  authers  with  the  lower  end  dilated  and  bearded, 
that  of  the  lower  anthers  attenuate  and  g-labrous. 

■VIT.  Australia,  Drummond. 

15.  H.  humilis,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  5G?.  A  low  shrub  or 
undershrub,  much  branched  at  the  base,  usually  under  6  in.  higli,  btit 
gTowing-  out  sometimes  to  near  1  ft.,  hoary  with  a  minute  velvety  puljes- 
cence  wearing*  off  from  the  older  foliag-e,  and  with  a  few  rigid  spread- 
ing'  hairs  about  the  inflorescence.  Leaves  opposite,  linear  linear-cuneate 
or  oblong-,  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  rather  thick,  llat, 
rarely  above  ^  in.  long",  and  mostly  shorter.  Flowers  small,  solitary  in 
the  axils,  on  very  short  pechcels.  Bracts  linear-subulate,  usually  ciliate 
with  rigid  hairs.  Calyx  2  lines,  or  after  Howering'  3  lines  long-,  often 
hirsute  and  sometimes  witli  a  few  glandular  hairs,  the  tube  turbinate, 
the  teeth  subulate-acuminate,  nearly  ecpial,  long-er  than  the  tube.  Co- 
rolla  scarcely  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  pubescent  outside.  Connectivo 
of  the  upper  anthers  broad  and  bearcted  at  the  lower  end,  that  of  the 
lower  anthers  narrow  and  glabrous  or  scarcely  minutely  bearded. 

yjV.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  suppl.  n.  49. 

16.  H.  westringioides,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  568.  A  slender 
shrub  with  virgate  branches,  giabrous  or  minutely  hoary-pubescent. 
Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  very  narrow  linear  or  terete  and  channelled 
above,  obtuse  or  mucronate-acute,  contracted  at  the  base,  g  to  1  iu.  long-. 


;i]j<  \CIII.     LABIAT.^-.  [Hnnif/f/lifl. 

Flowers  solitary  iii  the  axils,  on  pedicels  of  2  to  8  or  rarely  4  lines,  witli 
sniall  subulate'bracts  near  tbe  calyx.  Calyx  usually  minutely  lioary- 
pubescent,  about  3  lines  long-,  the  teeth  broad,  acute,  nearly  equal,  much 
sliorter  than  the  tube.  Corolla  above  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  gla- 
brous  outside.  Connective  of  the  upper  anthers  broad  and  bearded  at 
tlie  h)wer  end,  that  of  the  lower  anthers  narrow  and  glabrous. 
W.  Australia,  Drummond,  Zrd  coll.  n.  152. 

17.  H.  teretiusctila,  F.  Mucll.  Frngm.  vi.  111.  A  slender  branch- 
ino-  shrul),  with  tlie  hal)it  and  foliag*e  of  H.  wcstringioides,  but  quite 
g-labrous,  the  pedicels  very  short,  the  calyx-teeth  narrow,  acute  and 
about  as  long  as  the  tube,  and  the  corolla  scarcely  so  larg-e  as  in  H. 
wcstr//if/if)/(/rs,  of  which  it  is  probably  a  variety. 

W.  Australia.     Stokes  Inlet  and  Kydenup  Range,  JlaxioeU. 

18.  H.  purpurea,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  602.  A  slender  twig-g-y  heath-like 
shrub  or  undershrub,  g-labrous  or  Avith  long-itudinal  rows  of  a  minute 
pubescence  on  the  branches.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  3  or  4,  linear-terete, 
mucronate-acute  or  obtuse,  channelled  above,  contracted  at  the  base, 
and  sometimes  shortly  petiolate,  rarely  above  h  in.  long-.  Flowers 
"  pur})le  "  or  "  blue,"  solitary  and  pedicellate  or  almost  sessile  in  the 
upper  axils.  Bracts  linear,  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Calyx  2  to  2i  lines 
long-,  the  tube  turbinate,  the  teeth  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  long-er 
tlian  tlie  tube.  Corolla  not  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  slightly  pubes- 
cent  outside,  the  lower  lip  twice  as  long-  as  the  upper.  Connective  of 
the  upper  anthers  broad  and  bearded  at  the  lower  end,  that  of  the  lower 
anthers  glabrous  at  the  lower  end,  the  cell  at  the  upper  end  apparently 
perfect  as  usual  in  tlie  genus. — Bentli.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  568  ;  H.  Sicheri, 
Benth.  Lab.  Gen.  et  Sp.  457,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  l.c. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  li.  Brotcn,  Sieher,  n.  191, 
A.  Cuiininf/ham,  and  mauy  others.  On  compariiig  a  hvrge  numlier  of  speiimens  I  am 
now  pcrsuaded  that  those  with  four  leaves  in  a  whorl  {H.  Sitheri,  Benth.)  do  not  other- 
wise  difter  from  tbose  which  have  only  three. 

19.  H.  cuneifolia,  Bcnth.  A  slirub  probably  of  2  orSft.,  g-labrous 
excej^t  the  corolla.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  3,  oblong'-cnneate,  obtuse  or 
mucronate-acute,  contracted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole,  ilat,  g-reen  on 
both  sides,  about  \  in.  long'.  Flowers  small,  solitary  in  the  axils,  shortly 
pedicellate.  Bracts  small,  acute.  Calyx  l^  to  2  lines  long",  quite 
glabrous,  striate,  the  teeth  all  equal,  acute,  shorter  than  the  tube.  Co- 
rolla  pubescent  outside,  not  twice  as  long*  as  the  calyx,  the  upper  lip 
broad  erect  concave  and  emarginate  as  in  the  preceding-  species,  the 
lower  li])  longer  and  spreading-.  Upper  stamens  as  in  //.  purpiirca,  with 
the  connective  dilated  and  bearded  at  the  lower  end,  the  lower  stamens 
with  tlie  conncctive  short,  the  cell  at  the  upper  end  ovate  but  perhaps 
not  i)(M-t('ct,  the  lower  end  linear  and  g-labrous. 

N.  S.  Wales.     George  river,  very  rarc,  Woolls;  Macleay  river,  Beclhr. 
Tlie  above   spccimens   are    referred    by  F.  Mueller,   Fragm.  vi.   110,  to  Wcstrinf/ia 
glabra,  which  lias  something  of  the  gencral  aspect  of  this  plant,  but  ditferently  sliapcd 


IIrii//f/r>iia.]  xriii.   labiat.i-:.  lli) 

leaves  aiid  very  different.  corolla  and  antliers.  Tlie  New  England  plant  tliere  men- 
tioned  is  the  triie  (T.  f]lah)-a.  In  //.  cuneifoUa,  the  celi  of  the  lower  staraens  in  the 
two  flowers  exaniincd  appeared  to  be  not  quite  so  perfect  as  is  usual  in  Ilemigenia, 
Rhowing  thus  a  passage  to  the  genus  Mic/-ocorys,  althongh  still  nearer  to  Hemigenia, 
of  whicli  it  has  the  corolla. 

Sect.  4,  DiPLANTHERA. — Caljx-tectli  5,  nearly  equal,  subulate- 
acuminate  or  acute.  Lower  end  of  the  connective  of  the  lower  anthers 
and  sometimes  of  all  the  anthers  bearing-  a  second  imperfect  cell.  Leaves 
sessile,  opposite. 

20.  H.  Drummondii,  Bentli.  A  perennial  or  undershrub  (some- 
times  shrubby  '!)  all  the  specimens  showin^-  several  simple  or  sH<i'htly 
branched  stems  erect  from  the  rootstock,  g-labrous  or  with  opposite  de- 
current  Hnes  of  sliort  liairs.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  oblong-  or  oblong-- 
cuneate,  obtuse,  entire,  1-nerved,  minutely  ciliate  or  quite  g'labrous, 
under  \  in.  long-.  Pedicels  short,  with  linear  or  linear-lanceolat«  ciliate 
bracts,  Calyx  about  3  lines  long-,  sprinkled  or  ciliate  with  a  few  long- 
spreading-  hairs,  the  teeth  lanceolate,  long-er  than  the  tube.  Corolla 
twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  tlie  tube  rather  long-,  the  upper  lip  concave 
below  the  lobes.  Anthers  rather  larg-e,  the  connective  of  the  upper 
ones  dilated  and  bearded  at  the  lower  end,  that  of  the  lower  anthers 
bearing-  a  second  smaller  cell  probably  sterile. 

y^.  Australia,  Drummoncl,  Imt  coU. 

21.  H.  pimelifolia,  F.  3fucll.  Frag/n.  vi.  112.  A  shrub  with  slender 
divaricate  branches,  the  young'  ones  and  foliag'e  hirsute  with  long'  spread- 
ing'  hairs  and  opposite  rows  of  shorter  ones  on  the  branches.  Leaves 
opposite,  sessile,  obovate  or  oblong',  obtuse,  concave,  rather  thick,  2  to 
3  lines  long'.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  nearly  sessile.  Bracts  linear 
or  linear-lanceolate.  Calyx  liirsute  with  long'  spreading'  hairs,  under  2 
lines  long',  tlie  teetli  narrow-lanceolate,  nearly  equal,  ratlier  obtuse, 
long'er  tlian  the  tube.  Corolla  scarcely  exceeding'  the  calj^x,  the  lobes 
less  unequal  than  in  tlie  other  species.  Connective  of  the  upper  anthers 
with  the  lower  end  dilated  and  bearded,  that  of  the  lower  anthers  with 
the  lower  branch  elong'ated  and  terminating'  in  a  second  cell  nearly  as 
large  as  the  perfect  one,  but  perhaps  sterile. 

V^.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  Oldjield. 

22.  H.  diplanthera,  F.  Miiell.  Frar/m.  vi.  111.  A  heath-like  erect 
g'labrous  shrub  or  undershrub,  sometimes  busliy  and  under  6  in.,  some- 
times  more  strag-gling',  and  attaining-  1  to  3  ft.,  the  smaller  branches 
slender.  Leaves  opposite,  linear  or  rarely  linear-oblong-,  acute  or  ob- 
tuse,  concave,  contracted  at  the  base,  and  sometimes  shortly  petiolate. 
Pedicels  solitary  in  tlie  axils,  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Bracts  subulate. 
Calyx  2  to  2|  lines  long',  the  tube  turbinate,  the  teeth  nearly  ecjual, 
broad  or  narrow,  very  acute,  rarely  as  long'  as  the  tube.  Corolla 
"  white,"  the  upper  lip  rather  long'er  than  the  calyx,  2-lobed  and 
scarcely  concave  l)elow  the  lobes,  the  lower  lip  nearly  twice  as  long'  as 
the  calyx,  3-lobed^  all  the   lobes  nearly  ef|ually  2-lobed.     Anthers  all 


-[OQ  xciii.   i.abiat.t:.  [Hfwif/cnid. 

with  one  jjerfect  cell,  tlie  lower  lobe  of  the  counective  ending-  in  a  secoud 
smaller  and  ])erliaps  sterile  slender  cell  in  the  lower  stamens,  and  some- 
times  also  in  the  upper  ones,  but  sometimes  the  lower  end  of  the  latter 
dilated  and  l^earded  as  in  the  other  species  of  the  genus,  and  in  one 
flower  I  found  a  fifth  imperfect  stamen. 
W,  Australia,  Dnunmond,  last  coll. 

18.  MICROCORYS,  H.  Br. 

(Anisaudra,  Bartl.) 

Calyx  campanulate,  o-toothed.  Corolla  with  a  dilated  throat,  the 
upperlip  very  concave  or  hood-shaped,  with  the  addition  sometimes  of 
2  flat  spreadiiag-  lobes ;  lower  lip  spreading-,  3-lobed.  Stamens  2  (the 
upper  ones)  perfect,  the  connective  elong-ated,  produced  bevond  the  in- 
sertion  into  a  short  lower  branch  usually  dilated  and  beartled  at  the 
end,  the  2  lower  stamens  (or  staminodia)  sterile  and  short,  the  anthers 
recUiced  to  a  small  connective,  with  2  linear  or  linear-chivate  parallel 
branclies.  Stvle  shortly  bifid  at  the  end.  Nuts  reticuhite-rugose, 
attached  to  the  middle  or  hig-her  up.  Seeds  albuminous. — Shrubs  or 
undershrubs.  Leaves  opposite  or  more  frerpiently  iu  whorls  of  3  or  4, 
all  entire.  Flowers  all  axiHary  or  rarely  in  terminal  leafy  heads,  soli- 
tary  within  each  tloral  leaf,  with  a  pair  of  bracts  under  or  below  the 
calyx.  CoroUa  usually  hairy  inside  the  tube,  especially  at  the  insertion 
of  the  stamens. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Western  Australia. 

Sect.  1.  Hemi^enioides. — Leaves  opposite.     CoroUa-tuhe  exserted,  the  upper  lip 
concave,  shorthj  lobed,  not  mwch  shorter  than  or  as  long  as  the  lowest  lube. 
Corolla  narrow,  above  1  in.  long. 

Lcaves  linear,  witli  revolute  margins.     Pedicels  rather  long, 

upper  corolla-lip  longer  than  the  lower 1.  M.longifoUa. 

Leaves  ovute  or  cliiptical-oblong  with  rccur\'ed  margins.    Pedi- 

cels  sliort.     Upper  corolla-lip  nearly  as  long  as  the  lower       .     2.  21.  longijlora. 
Corolla  broad,  h  iii.  long  or  less,  the  upper  lip  nearly  as  long  as 
the  lower. 

Leaves  narrow  lincar S.  M.  tenuifolia. 

Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  flat 4.  J/.  loganiacea. 

Pect.  2.  Anisandra. — Leavea  in  whorls  of  3  or  4,  fat  or  concave.  CoroUa-tuhe 
induded  or  rarchj  exsertcd,  the  upper  lip  very  concuve  or  hood-shaped  with  2  anterior 
spreading  usucdhj  large  lobes. 

Flowers  in  terminal  leafy  heads  or  spikes,  the  floral  leaves  niuch 
broadcr  than  the  stem  ones. 

Leaves  ovate 5.  M.  capitata. 

Leaves  ohlong-lanceolate 6.  3J.  pimeleoides. 

Flowcs  all  in  the  axiis  of  leaves  similar  to  the  stem  ones. 

Leaves  linear-cuncatc,  3  to  5  lines  long.     Calyx  silky  or  hoaiy     7.  M.  subcancscens. 
Leaves  imdcr  .3  lines,  iinear  or  oLlong. 

Calyx  densely  hirsute,  with  long  spreading  hairs. 

Corolia-tubc  as  long  as  the  calyx 8.  M.  ericifolia. 

Calyx  glabrous  or  slightiy  pubcscent. 

Corolia-tube  twice  as  long  as  thc  calyx 9.  31.  exserta. 

Coroila-tube  not  exceeding  the  calyx 10.  J/.  glabra. 


2/lc/VC(jn/s.\  Xnil.    LAlSIATil::.  1-1 

Sect    3.  Microcorys. — Leave/i  in  rcJiorls  of  3  or  4.     Corolla-tuhe  included,  the 
upper  Up  vcrij  skort,  concave  or  hood-shajwd,  icithont  large  anterior  lobes,  the  loicer  lip 
viuch  loiiger. 
Leaves  lincar,  rarely  above  3  lines  long.     Flowers  very  sniall. 

Calyx  glabrous  or  scarcely  jnibescent H.  3i.  virgata. 

Calyx  very  densely  birsute  witb  wbite  bairs 12.  M.  harbata. 

Leavesorbicular,  flat,  1  to  2  lines  diameter.     Flowcrs  very  smalb 

Calyx  very  dcnsely  birsute \i.  M.  lcnticidans. 

Lcaves  broad,  3  to  Glines  long.     Flowers  Large.     Calyx  glabrous 
or  sbglitly  boary. 

Leaves  flat,  obovate 14.  M.obovata. 

Lcaves  ovate,  witb  revolnte  margins 15.  M.purpurea. 

Sect.  1.  Hemigenioides. — Leaves  opposite.  Corolla-tube  exserted, 
the  iip])er  lip  concave,  shortly  lobed,  not  mucli  shorter  than  or  as  lon<^ 
as  the  lowest. 

1.  M.  longifolia,  Bcnth.  m  DC.  Prod.  xii.  568.  Apparently  a  tall 
shrub,  the  branches  and  young-  shoots  hoary  with  a  niinute  tomentum. 
Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  linear,  obtuse,  with  revohite  margins,  Ijecoming- 
ghibrous  above  when  okl,  hoary  or  white  underneath,  above  1  in.  and 
often  nearly  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  axillarv,  slender,  spreading-,  otten  |- 
in.  long',  with  a  pair  of  small  linear-suljulate  bracts  a  little  distance 
below  the  calyx,  and  there  usually  bent.  Calyx  rather  narrow,  slightly 
hoary,  tlie  tube  nearly  3  lines  long-,  the  teeth  narrow,  acute,  rather 
shorter  than  the  tube,  the  uppermost  usually  larg-er  than  the  others. 
Corolla  slig'htly  pubescent  outside,  above  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  exserted 
and  somewhat' clilated  upwards,  the  upper  lip  narrow,  erect,  concave, 
slig-htly  emarg-inate,  the  lower  one  shorter,  spreading-,  with  3  ovate  en-^ 
tire  lobes.  Upper  anthers  with  one  larg-e  fertile  cell,  the  lower  end  of 
the  conuective  rather  long-,  dilated  at  the  end  but  scarcely  bearded. 
Nuts  less  prominently  reticulate  than  in  most  species. — Hcmigcnia  lunyi- 
folia,  Benth.  in  Hueg-.  Enum.  80. 

W.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Huegel,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  214. 

Tbe  bii.g  corollas  of  tbis  and  tbe  following  species  give  tbem  more  tbe  aspect  of 
Htmigeiiia  tban  of  3Jicrocorys,  but  tbe  lower  antbers  in  botb  have  the  two  linear 
sterile  lobes  of  Microcorys  witbout  any  perfect  ceU. 

2.  M.  longiilora,  F.  Miicll.  Fragm.  vi.  113.  A  divaricately  branched 
rather  i^lender  shrub,  apparently  1  to  2  ft.  hig-h,  the  branches  and  young- 
shoots  minutely  pubescent.  Leaves  opposite,  petiolate,  ovate  to  ellip- 
tical-oblong",  obtuse,  with  recurved  marg-ins,  giabrous  above  when  old, 
pale  or  hoary  underneath,  niostly  about  ^  in.  long-,  but  varyiug-  from 
\  to  I  in.  iPedicels  short  but  slender,  often  recurved,  the  bracts  very 
short,  linear-setaceous.  Calyx  3  to  4  lines  or  rarely  at  length  5  lines 
long',  the  teeth  lanceolate,  acute,  the  upper  one  often  as  long-  as  the 
tube,  the  others  smaller.  CoroIIa  nearly  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  sligiitly 
dilated  upwards  and  much  longer  than  the  calyx,  the  lijis  short,  the 
upper  one  erect  and  concave,  the  lower  one  scarcely  longer,  Avith  three 
ovate  lobes.  Connective  of  the  upper  anthers  dilated  and  bearded  at 
the  lower  end. 


li?l?  xciii.   LAniATiT:.  [Microronjs. 

W.  Australia.  Between  Swau  river  and  Cape  Riche,  Drummovd,  5th  coU.  iu 
340. 

8.  M.  tenuifolia,  Bmth.  A  slender  shrub,  witli  much  of  the  aspect 
()f  Htniii/niid  instriiii/iiiides,  but  the  branchcs  and  ^-ouny  slioots  hoary  or 
Avliite  with  niinute  a])pressed  hairs,  and  the  stamens  tliose  of  Microcori/s. 
Leaves  opposite,  very  narrow  Hnear,  obtuse  or  mucronate,  thick,  vvith 
sliglitly  recurved  margins,  mostly  ^  to  f  in.  and  sometimes  nearly  1  in. 
hjuy.  '  Pedicels  filiform,  2  to  8  Hnes  long-,  with  short  setaceous  bracts 
at  some  distance  from  the  calyx.  Calyx  narrow,  hoaiy  with  a  minute 
pubescence,  about  8  lines  long-,  the  teeth  narrow-lanceolate,  acute, 
rather  shorter  than  the  tnbe.  Corolhi  pubescent,  the  tube  not  exceed- 
ing-  the  calvx,  the  upper  lip  short,  concave,  broadly  2-lobed,  tlie  lower 
lip  (rather  long-er  .'')  ;i-lo])ed.  Connective  of  the  upper  stamens  long", 
the  hjwor  end  sliort,  dihited  and  bearded. 

W.  Australia,  Drumniond,  4th  coll.  n.  172.  Tlie  foliage  and  inflorescence  are 
lii<e  tliose  ol'  M.  loiKjifolia  but  more  slender,  and  tlie  short  broad  corolla  is  very 
different. 

4.  M.  loganiacea,  F.  Miiell.  Fragm.  vi.  113.  A  shrub  or  undershrub, 
the  stems  uot  nuu-li  branched,  h  to  1  ft.  hig-h  or  rather  more,  miuutely 
scabrous-])idjescent.  Leaves  opposite,  ovate  or  oval-oblong:,  obtuse,  flat, 
rather  thick,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  nerveless  except  tlie  midrib, 
minutely  scabrous-]iubescent  or  g-labrous.  Flowers  nearly  sessile  or  on 
pedicels  of  aboutl  Hne.  Bracts  Hnear-lanceolate,  sometimes  as  long- as  the 
calyx,  Calyx  more  or  less  hirsute,  about  3  Hnes  long-  or  at  leng-th  nearly 
4  Hnes,  tlie  teeth  Hnear-lanceohite,  long-er  than  the  tube  and  nearly 
equal.  CoroUa  pubescent  outside,  scarcely  twice  as  long-  as  tlie  calyx, 
the  throat  broad  and  open,  the  upper  H])  concave,  with  2  short  broad 
lobes,  the  lower  one  but  Httle  long-er,  with  3  broad  fring-ed  or  crenate 
lobes.  Connective  of  the  upper  anthers  dihited  and  sHg'htly  bearded  at 
the  lower  end.     TSuts  g'labrous,  slig-htly  reticulate. 

TV.  Australia.  Towards  Cape  Eiche,  Harvey,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  168, 
Maxwell. 

Sect.  2.  Anisandra. — Leaves  in  whorls  of  three  or  rarely  four,  flat 
or  concave,  Corolla-tube  included  or  rareh'  exserted,  tlie  u]iper  Hp 
very  concave  or  hood-shaped,  with  2  anterior  spreading-  usually  larg-e 
lobes. 

•).  M.  capitata,  Bcnth.  in  DC.  Prod,  xii.  5G8.  An  erect  rigid  shrub, 
the  bninchcs  oftcu  clustered  and  divaricate  under  the  old  intlorescences, 
tlie  whole  ])lant  usually  g'labrous  except  the  intloresceuce.  Leaves  in 
wliorls  of  3,  on  exceeding-ly  short  ])etioles,  ovate,  acute  or  rather  ob- 
tuse,  coriaceous,  tlat,  1-nerved,  under  ^  in.  long",  the  iloral  ones  much 
broader  not  so  thick  and  ciliate.  Flowers  solitary  under  each  Horal 
leaf,  but  collected  in  terminal  g'lobular  or  ovoid  lieads,  the  lloral  leaves 
iml)ricate  and  about  as  long-  as  the  calyx.  Bracts  very  small,  setaceous 
and  ciliate  or  quite  abortive.  (Jalyx  3|  to  6  lines  long-,  glabrous  or 
slig-htly  g-landular-pubesccnt,  the  teeth  rather  broad,  very  acute  or  acu- 


Microcori/s.]  xciii.   i.xmATM.  123 

minate,  mucli  sliorter  tlian  tlie  tube.  Corolla  not  much  long-er  tlian  tlie 
calyx,  tlie  upjier  lip  erect,  conspicuously  helmet-sliaped,  with  2  anterior 
spreadiug-  lobes  ;  lower  lip  spreading-,  ;J-lobed.  Fihanents  of  the  upper 
anthers  short,  the  connective  long-  and  slender,  witli  the  lower  end 
broadly  oblong-  and  shortly  bearded. —  Wcstringia  cajntata,  BartL  in  PL 
Preiss.  i.  302. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  98,  -ith  coll.  n.  143 ;  Mount  Baldhead,  Preiss,  n. 
2334. 

6.  M.  pimeleoid.es,  F.  Mncll.  Frafjm.  i.  156.  A  robust  shru]),  cpiite 
glabrous  or  witli  minute  opposite  linesof  pubescence  along-thebranches. 
Leaves  crowded,  in  whorls  of  3,  oblong--lanceohite,  obtuse  or  almost 
acute,  minutely  petiolate,  thick,  concave,  3  to  4  lines  long-,  the  floral 
ones  broader,  almost  ovate.  Flowers  almost  sessile  and  crowded  at  the 
ends  of  the  branches,  but  not  so  distinctly  capitate  as  in  M.  caintata^  the 
floral  leaves  about  as  long-  as  the  calyxes.  Bracts  small,  linear  or  oblong'. 
Calyx  nearly  3  lines  long",  the  teeth  ovate  or  oblong--ovate,  mucronate, 
as  long-  as  the  tube,  rather  spreadiug-.  Corolla  shortly  pubescent  out- 
side,  nearly  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  tube  not  exserted,  the  upper 
lip  liood-shaped,  with  two  larg-e  broad  anterior  spreading'  lobes,  the 
lower  lip  of  three  broad  undulate  emarginate  lobes.  Connective  of  the 
upper  anthers  long-,  witli  a  larg'e  acuminate  lower  lobe  slig-htly  bearded 
at  the  end. 

VT.  Australia.     Pliillips  range,  Maxwell. 

7.  M.  subcanescens,  Benth.  An  apparently  small  slender  shrub, 
the  branches  and  young*  shoots  hoary  or  white  with  a  close  almost  silky 
pubescence,  the  adult  foliag-e  g-labrous.  Leaves  mostly  in  rather  distant 
whorls  of  3,  linear-oblong-  or  slig-htly  cuneate,  very  obtuse,  contracted 
into  a  very  short  petiole,  coriaceous,  l-nerved,  flat  or  concave,  3  to  5 
lines  long-.  Plowers  axillary,  nearly  sessile.  Bracts  linear,  at  least  as 
long-  as  the  calyx-tube.  Calyx  about  3  lines  long-,  silky-pubescent,  the 
teeth  narrow-lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  about  as  long'  as  the  tube.  Co- 
rolla  pubescent  outside,  the  tube  shorter  than  the  calyx,  the  upper  lip 
scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx-teeth,  erect,  very  concave  with  2  anterior 
spreading-  lobes,  the  lower  lip  long-er,  the  lateral  lobes  obovate,  tlie 
middle  one  broad  and  emarg-inate.  Connective  of  the  upper  anthers 
with  the  lower  lobe  broad  and  ciliate. 

TV.  Australia,  Maxwell. 

8.  M.  ericifolia,  Bcnth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  5G9.  A  heath-like  shrub 
of  several  ft.,  with  virg-ate  branches  minutely  pubescent  in  decurrent 
lines  or  g-labrous.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  3,  or  rarely  of  4,  linear  or  ob- 
long',  obtuse,  contracted  at  the  base,  thick  and  flat  or  concave,  g-labrous, 
sometimes  all  scarcely  above  1  line  long-,  in  other  specimens  2  to  3  lines, 
the  floral  ones  similar  but  usiially  shorter  tlian  the  calyx.  Flowers  axil- 
lary  but  usually  crowded  in  leafy  racemes  towards  the  ends  of  the 
branches.  Pedicels  very  short  or  nearly  1  line  long.  Bracts  linear, 
often  as  long-  as  the  calyx-tube.     Calyx  2   to  2|   lines  long-  or  after 


1-24  xciii.    lauiat.t:.  \J/icrocori/s. 

flovverin"-  nearlv  3  lines,  narrower  andmore  contracted  at  the  base  than 
tliat  of  .1/.  biirbfita,  denselv  hispid  witli  spreading-  hairs  long-er  and  more 
rigid  tlian  in  that  species^  Corolla  g-hibrous  or  sHg-htly  pubescent  out- 
side,  the  tube  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  upper  lip  very  coucave  or  almost 
liood-slia])ed  at  the  base  witli  2  large  obovate-oblong-  erect  but  laterally 
s])reading-  lol)es,  lower  lip  spreading-,  with  a  larg-e  and  broadmiddle  lobe. 
Counective  ofthe  uj)per  anthers  rather  long-,  the  lower  lobe  short  and 
bearded.     A'uts  g-laudular-pubescent. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  453  or  455,  2nd  coU.  suppl.  n.  70.  Not- 
witli.st.iniliiii;  sonic  gcnei-al  reserablance  to  31.  harhata  this  species  is  readily  di.stin- 
guii^Iied  by  tlic  calyx  twice  as  long,  naiTower  and  with  much  longer  and  more  spreadiiig 
bairs,  and  by  thc  lurge  lobcs  of  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolia. 

M.  parvifolia,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  569  {Drummond,  ist  coll.  n.  456)  h;is  sniall 
leaves  and  rather  smaller  flowers,  but  I  have  now  seen  too  iDany  ambiguous  specimens 
to  admit  of  distinguisliing  it  even  as  a  marked  variety.  A  spccimen  of  Roe's  has  the 
leaves  all  small  aud  much  broader  thau  usual,  some  of  them  almost  ovate. 

0.  M.  glabra,  Bcntk.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  509. — A  shrub  of  1  to  8  ft. 
usually  much  brttnched,  but  less  virg-ate  and  looser  than  M.  virgata,  the 
tyj)ical  forin  glabrous  in  every  part.  Leaves  in  Avhorls  of  3  or  very 
rarely  of  4,  erect  or  spreading-,  scarcely  petiolate,  linear,  obtuse,  thick, 
flat  or  concave,  rarelv  under  3  lines  and  often  4  lines  long-.  Flowers 
axillary,  on  short  pedicels,  with  very  small  linear  obtuse  bracts.  Calyx 
l^  lines  long-  when  in  flower,  aftcrwards  attaining-  2  lines,  g-labrous  or 
slightly  pubescent,  the  teeth  lanceolate,  usually  obtuse  and  rather 
shorter  than  the  tube,  sometimes  very  short.  Corolla  cjuite  glabrous 
outside,  the  tube  shorter  than  the  calyx,  the  upper  lip  very  coucave 
with  2  broad  open  anterior  lobes,  the  lower  lip  much  long-er.  Connec- 
tive  of  the  uppcr  anthers  long-er  than  in  M.  virfjatu,  the  lower  lobe  di- 
lated  and  bearded. — Anisandra  glahra,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  361 ;  Mi- 
crucar.t/s  brcvidcns,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  669. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  150,  4th  coU.  n.  104;  KonkoLerup  hills, 
Freiss,  n.  2:V2S;  Salt  river,  Piantagenet  and  Stirling  ranges,  MaxiceU. 

Var.  gracilis.  Very  slender  in  all  its  parts  and  heath-like.  Leaves  very  narrow 
«ften  almost  terete,  2  to  3  iines  long.  Flowers  smaller  but  the  essential  characters 
entircly  tliose  of  J/.  glahra — "  Poor  soil,"  no  precise  staiion,  MaxiceU. 

yan-.?  jiubcscens.  Branches  foliage  aiid  calyx  pubescent  with  very  short  spreading 
hairs,  the  coroUa  and  stamens  as  in  the  typical  form. — Salt  river  ranges(with  tlie  leaves 
as  in  the  typical  form),  Philiips  river  (with  shorter  and  broadcr  leaves),  MaxweU. 

10.  M.  exserta,  Bmth.  A  shrub,  probably  of  2  or  3  ft.,  g-labrous 
except  tlie  coinlla,  with  numerous  virgate  branches.  Leaves  rather 
crowded,  in  whurls  of  3  or  4,  linear,  obtuse  or  almost  acute,  contracted 
into  a  short  potiole,  thick,  llat  or  concave,  under  3  lines  and  often  not 
2  lints  long.  Plowers  uearly  sessile  in  the  uj)per  axils.  Bracts  very 
snitill,  linear,  deciduous.  Calyx  g-labrous  or  sliglitly  pubescent,  under 
2  lines  long  when  in  tlower,  aljove  that  when  in  fruit,  the  teeth  ovate, 
slightly  mucronate,  shorter  than  the  tube.  Corolla  pubesceut  outside, 
the  tube  slender,  exserted  (about  half  as  long-  ag-ain  as  the  calyx),  the 
up]>er  lip  short,  broad,  very  concave,  with  spreading-  anterior  lobes,  the 


Microcori/s.]  xciii.   LAiJiAT.E.  li?5 

lower  lip  mnch  long-er,  witli  l)ro;ul  lobes.     Connective  of  thc,  npper  an- 
thers  r:ither  long-,  with  a  broad  lower  lobe  bearded  at  the  end. 

W.  Australia.  East  rivor,  Stokes  Inlet,  MaxireU,  and  some  specimens  in  Drum- 
moncfs  3rd  coll.  n.  151.  With  tlic  habit  and  foliage  of  M.  ericlfulia  and  M.  vircata 
this  is  at  once  distinguished  by  the  corollatube,  which,  when  perfect,  is  fully  3 'lines 
h.ng. 

Sect.  3.  MiCROcoRYs. — Leaves  in  whorls  of  three  or  rarely  four.  Co- 
rolla-tube  not  exceeding-  the  calyx-teeth,  the  upper  lip  very  short,  con- 
cave  or  hood-shaped,  shg-htly  emarginate,  witliout  the  two  larg-e  spread- 
ing-  lobes  of  Anisandra,  the  lower  lip  much  long-er,  spreadino-. 

11.  M.  virgata,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  502.  An  erect  shrub  with  erect  or 
spreading-  slender  virg-ate  branches,  the  whole  phmt  g'hibrous  except  the 
corolhi.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  3,  linear,  obtuse,  contracted  at  the  base 
but  scarcely  petiohite,  thick,  Hat  or  concave,  rarely  exceedino-  3  Hnes' 
the  floral  ones  simihir  or  rather  smaller.  Flowers  a'll  axillary  and  nearly 
sessile,  but  frequently  forming-  terminal  leafy  racemes,  Bracts  very 
small  and  falling-  olf  early  so  as  to  be  rarely  seen.  Calyx  l^  or  rarely 
l^  lines  long-,  g-Iabrous,  Ihe  teeth  ovate,  obtuse  or  shortly  mucronate 
shorter  tlian  the  tube,  sometimes  shortl}^  ciliate.  CoroIIa  hirsute  outside 
with  long-  stilf  hairs  (except  the  upper  part  of  the  lower  lobes)  the  upper 
lip  not  exceeding-  the  calyx,  very  broad,  concave,  very  shortlv  emaro-i- 
nate  or  sinuate-lobed,  lower  Ii]i  more  than  twice  as  long-,  with  broadly 
obovate  spreading-  lobes.     Connective  of  the  upper  anthers  short    the 

lower  dilated  and  bearded  lobe  nearly  as  long-  as  the  perfect  cell Benth 

in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  569 ;  Bartl.  in  Ph  Preiss.  i.  3(32. 

•     W.  Australia.     Boggy  ground,  King  George's  Sound,  R.  Broiim,  A.  Cunningham  ; 
rocks  of  Mount  Wulgenup,  J^reiss,  n.  2330  ;  also  Drummond,  4tli  coll.  n.  169. 

M.  selaginoidcs,  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  363,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  569,  from  moist 
shady  bogs,  Twcpeopled  Bay,  Preiss,  n.  2332,  from  the  single  not  very  good  specimens 
seen,  appears  to  be  a  sh"ght  variety  of  M.  virgata,  with  tlie  branches  niinutely  hoary- 
pubescent,  and  the  leaves  slightly  scabrous  with  minute  hairs. 

12.  M.  barbata,  B.  Br.  Prod.  502.     A  shrub  with  slender  virg-ate 
branches,   g-labrous  or  with  minutely  pubescent  decurrent  lines     the 
foliag-e  qnite  g-Iabrous.     Leaves  in  whorls  of  3,  linear,  obtuse,  thick 
eoncave  or  almost  terete,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  2  to  3  or  very 
rarely  4  lines  long-,  the  Horal  ones  similar  but  often  smaller.     Flowers 
very  small,  all  axillary  but  forming-  long-  leafy  racemes  and  very  con- 
spicuous  from  tlie  Avhite  silky  Iiairs  of  the  calyx.     Calyx  scarcely  li 
lines  long-,  densely  hirsute  with  white  spreading'"^hairs,  the  teeth  broadly 
oblong-,  almost  obtuse,  about  as  long-  as  the  tube.     CoroIIa  pubescent 
outside,  the  upper  lip  scarcely  exceeding-  the  calyx,  broad,   concave 
sliorth'  sinuate-lobed,  the  lower  lip  much  long-er  and  spreadino-.     Con- 
nective  of  the  upper  anthers  short,  the  lower  dilated  and  bearded  lobe 
nearlv  as  long-  as  the  perfect  cell.     ]\uts  hirsute. — Benth.  in  DC  Prod 
xii.  569. 

W.  Australia.  Lucky  Bay,  R.  Brown ;  to  the  eastward  of  King  George's  Sound  ? 
Batter,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  1G7  ;  Kojoneriip  valley,  Oldfiekl  river  and  Esperance 
Bay,  Maxwell. 


]^o^;  xciii.    LABIAT^.  [Microcorij.f. 

1;5.  M.  lenticularis,  F.  Mi/rll.  Friif/m.  vi.  113.  A  sbru))  witli  the 
slendor  vir<';it('  ])ranclies  and  liispid  calyxes  of  i/.  barhata,  quite  g-labrous 
or  witli  ininutelv  jjubescent  decurreut  lines.  Leaves  in  wborls  of  tbree, 
verv  broadlv  ovate  or  orbicular,  obtuse,  tbick,  flat  or  concave,  sbortly 
l)ut'distinctly  petiolate,  1  to  near]_y  2  lines  diameter.  Flowers  in  tbe 
upper  axils  nearlj  sessile.  Calyx  after  flowering-  ovoid-g-Iobular,  denselj 
birsute  witli  wbitisli  spreading-  bairs,  ratber  above  1  line  long-,  tbe  teeth 
ratber  broad  and  usuallj  sliorter  tlian  the  tube.  Corolla  and  stamens 
not  seen.  Nuts  pubescent. 
^V.  Australia,   Druinmond,  Brcl  coll.  n.  196. 

14.  M.  obovata,  Benth.  in  DC.  Frod.  xii.  5G9.  An  erect  busbj 
shrub,  tbe  branclies  and  joung-  sboots  hoarj  witli  minute  aj^pressed 
hairs,  tlie  adult  foliag-e  g-labrous.  Leaves  mostlj  in  wborls  of  tbree,  obo- 
vate,  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  verj  sliort  petiole  or  almost  sessile,  flat, 
coriaceous,  nerveless,  3  to  4  lines  long-.  Flowers  axillar j,  on  verj  short 
pedicels,  witb  small  linear-setaceous  ciliolate  bracts,  Caljx  about  2 
lines  long"  or  at  leng-tb  ratber  louger,  glabrous  or  nearlj  so,  the  teeth 
acute,  ratber  broad,  about  as  long-  as  the  tube.  Corolla  nearlj  ^  in. 
long-,  sliglitlj  pubesceut  outside,  the  tube  long-er  tban  tbe  caljx,  tbe 
upp^er  li])  sliort,  broad,  concave,  Avitliout  tbe  spreading-  anterior  lobes  of 
Anisandra,  tlie  lower  lip  tbree  times  as  long-,  watli  broad  lobes.  Connec- 
tive  of  tbe  upper  antbers  dilated  and  bearded  at  tbe  lower  end. 

■W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  69  and  3rd  coll.  n.  195. 

15.  M.  purpurea,  li.  Br.  Prod.  502.  A  busbj  or  spreading-  sbrul 
of  2  to  3  ft.,  tbe  brancbes  and  joung-  sboots  boarj-pubescent  with  shori 
appressed  hairs,  tbe  adult  foliage  often  g-labrous.  Leaves  in  whorls  of 
3,  on  verj  sbort  petioles,  ovate,  obtuse  or  scarcelj  acute,  with  recurved 
marg-ins,  g-reen  above,  pale  or  boarj  and  long-  retaining-  tbeir  pubescence 
underneatb,  rarelj  above  |  in.  long-.  Flowers  "purple"  or  "  puce- 
coloured,"  all  axillarj  and  distant,  on  short  pedicelswith  minute  bracts. 
Caljx  boarj-pubescent,  2^  to  nearlj  3  lines  long-,  the  teetb  narrow,  much 
longer  than  the  tube.  Corolbi-tube  sborter  tban  tbe  cal^^x,  tbe  upper 
lip  not  at  all  or  scarcelj  exceeding-  tbe  caljx-teetb,  broad,  concave,  very 
sbortlj  lobed,  tbe  lower  lip  mucb  long-er  and  spreading-.  Connective  of 
tbe  up])er  antbers  about  as  long"  as  tbe  cell,  tbe  lower  lobe  verj  sbort, 
broad  and  bearded  at  tbe  end.  Nuts  g'Iabrous. — Bentb.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xii.  5G9. 

VT.  Australia.  Lucky  Bay,  R.  Brown  ;  overlianging  rocks,  Cape  Arid,  Maxwell. 
Some  very  biul  spociniens  of  Drummoiid's  in  herb.  F.  Mueller,  with  shorter  aiul  more 
oblon^:;  leiives  and  a  more  compact  inflorescence,  may  nevertheless  possibly  belong  to  this 
Bpecies. 

Westringia  serpyllifolia,  Bartl.  in  V\.  Preiss.  i.  362  ;  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  571, 
from  near  JMount  iVlanypeak  ;  Preins,  n.  2312,  of  wliich  I  formerly  saw  a  very  imperfect 
specimen  in  Herb.UC,  and  of  wliich  the  corolla  and  stamens  are  uuknown,  is  most 
probably  the  Microcorys  purimrca. 


Westnngiu.]  xciii.  labiaive.  127 


10.  WESTRINGIA,  Sm. 

Calyx  campanulate,  o-toothed.  Coi-olla  Avitli  a  sliort  tuhe  and  dilated 
throat;  the  upper  lip  erect  hut  flat  and  hroadlj  2-lohod,  the  lower 
spreading',  3-kihed.  Stamens  2  (the  upper  ones)  perfect,  the  anthers 
1-celled  with  a  short  sHg-htly  prominent  connective  not  produced  helow 
its  insertion  on  the  fihmient,  the  2  lower  stamens  (or  staminodia)  sterile 
and  short,  the  anthers  reduced  to  a  small  connective  with  2  hnear  or 
linear-chivate  parallel  hranches.  Style  shortly  hifid  at  the  end.  Nuts 
reticidate-ruo-ose;  attached  to  the  middle  or  hig-her  up.  Seeds  alhunii- 
nous. — Shruhs.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  three,  four  or  rarely  more,  all  en- 
tire.  Flowers  all  axilhiry  or  rarely  in  terminal  leafy  heads,  with  a  pair 
of  hracts  under  tlie  calyx  usually  very  small  and  sometimes  almost  oh- 
solete.  CoroUa  usually  hairy  inside  the  tuhe,  especially  at  the  insertion 
of  the  stamens. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia.  Witli  tlie  exception  of  W.  ce^yhalantha,  the  spocies 
ave  so  closely  allied,  and  run  so  niuch  into  eacli  other  as  to  render  it  exceedingly  diffi- 
cult  to  assign  to  them  any  tangible  characters.  The  chief  ditferences  observed  are  in 
the  nuniber  of  leaves  in  the  whorl,  in  the  relative  abundance  or  absence  of  the  hoary 
tomentum,  and  in  the  length  of  the  teeth  of  the  calyx,  none  of  which  are  quite  constant 
in  any  one  species.  The  corolla  might  perhaps  in  some  instances  supply  better  charac- 
ters,  but  they  can  only  be  ascertained  by  the  observation  of  living  specimens;  the  want 
of  any  concavity  in  the  upper  lip  at  once  distinguishes  the  genus  from  Microcorys. 
Flowers  in  globular  terminal  heads  with  bract-like  floral  leaves 

not  exceeding  the  calyx 1.    W.  cejjhalantha. 

Flowers  all  in  the  axils  of  leaves  not  dififering  from  the  stem 
ones  (distant  or  crowded  at  the  ends  of  the  branclies). 
Leaves   very  white   underneath,  often  not  much  revolute. 
Calyx-teeth  above  half  as  long  as  the  tube. 
Leaves  in  threes,  oblong-eUiptical,  i  to  1  in.  long        .     .     2.    TF.  grandifolia. 
Leaves  in  fours,  oblong-lauceolate  or  linear,    4  to  1  in. 

long 3.    TF.  ro.smariiiiformis. 

Leaves  in  fours,  3  to  4  lines  long 4.    TF.  brevifolia. 

Leaves  very  much  revolute,  rigid.     Calyx-teeth  very  short. 

Leaves  mostly  in  fours 5.    TF.  Dampieri. 

Leaves  mostly  in  threes 6.    TT-^.  rigida. 

Leaves  much  revolute,  rigid,  iu  fives  or  sixes.     Calyxteeth 

as  long  as  thetube 7.    TF.  senifolia. 

Leaves  narrow-linear,   slender,  much    revolute,   mostly    in 

threes.     Calyx-teeth  as  long  as  the  tube 8.    TF.  eremicola. 

Leaves  not  much  revolute   or  flat,  green  on   both  sides  as 
well  as  the  calyx. 
Leaves  in  threes,  Hnear,  often  above  1  in.  long.       .     .     .     9.    TF  longifolia. 
Leaves  in  threes,  oblong-elliptical  or  lanceolate,  under  1 

in.  long 10.    TT';  glahra. 

Leaves  in  fours,  oblong-elh'ptical  or  lanceolate,  under  ^ 

in.  long 11    TT':  rubiafolia. 

1.  W.  cephalantha,  F.  Mudl.  Fragm.  vi.  110.  An  erect  hushy 
shruh,  g-lahrous  except  the  inflorescence.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  3  4  or 
rarely  5,  Hnear,  ohtuse  or  almost  acute,  with  revohite  marg-ins,  shining- 
and  hlack  when  dry,  rarely  exceeding-  \  in.,  the  floral  ones  passino- 
into  linear  concave  rather  thin  ciliolate  hracts.     Flowers  sessile  and 


jog  xciii.    LAiiiAT.E.  [Wcstri/if/ia. 

solitary  witliin  oacli  tioral  lcaf,  cuUectcd  into  densc  globular  terniinal 
hoads  of  3  or  4  lines  diameter,  the  bract-Hke  lioral  leaves  not  exceeding 
the  c-alyxes  and  the  real  bracts  usually  wanting-.  Calyx  1{  to  l^  lines 
h)n<^-,  the  teeth  very  obtuse,  irreg-ularly  sejDarating-  to  below  the  niiddle. 
Corolhi  pubescent  outside,  the  tube  about  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the 
upiK^r  hibes  erect  and  obovate,  the  lower  ones  spreading-,  all  flat  obovate 
and  entire,  or  the  middle  lovver  one  emarginate.  Stamens  of  Wcstriiif/ia, 
excei^t  that,  at  least  in  the  tiowers  examined,  the  anthers  of  the  lower 
]):iir  (or  staniinodia)  are  entirely  abortive. 

■W.  Australia,  Drummoml,  Atli  coll.  n.  170  and  5th  coll.  suiipl.  n.  76.  Altliough 
tlic  iiiflorescence  is  so  iiearly  tliat  of  Jlicrocori/s  caj)itata,  tlie  loliage  and  flowers  are 
very  iliflerent. 

L'.  W.  grandifolia,  F.  Muell.  Herh.  A  tall  shrub  with  the  habit 
and  whito  indumenttmi  of  W.  rosmariniforinis.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  3, 
ol)long--elliptical,  ^  to  1  in.  long-,  the  marg-ins  slig-htly  revolute,  gTeen 
above^  white  underneath.  Flowers  all  axillary.  Calyx  very  white, 
about  4  lines  long-,  the  teeth  nearly  as  long-  as  the  tube.  Corolla 
])uboscent,  nearly  tliat  of  W.  ro.vnariniformis,  but  the  lobes  appear  to  be 
shortor  and  broader,  and  the  upper  lip  rather  shortor  than  the  lower. 

Queensland.  Glasshouse  niountains,  F.  3Iueller,  and  probahly  the  same  species 
but  thc  speciincns  not  in  flower,  Biroa,  Leiclihardt. 

Y.  Jlueller  now  proposes  to  reduce  this  to  W.  rosmariniformis,  but  the  characters 
appcar  as  distinct  as  those  of  most  Wcstringice. 

3.  W.  rosmariniformis,  Sm.  Tracts,  282,  t.  3.  A  robust  bushy 
shrub  of  soveral  ft.,  tlie  branches  underside  of  the  leaves  and  calyxes 
hoary  or  silvery-white  with  densely  a|:)]iressed  hairs.  Leaves  in  whorls 
of  4,  oblong'-IanceoIate  lauceolate  or  linear,  acute  or  obtuse,  |  to  1  in. 
long',  coriaceous,  glabrous  and  shining'  on  the  u])per  side,  the  marg-ins 
more  or  less  recurved  or  revolute.  Flowers  almost  sessile,  all  axillary, 
with  short  linear  bracts.  Calyx  about  3  lines  long-,  the  teeth  acute, 
varying'  from  half  the  leng-th  to  nearly  the  leng'th  of  tlie  tube.  Corolla 
])uboscent  outside,  not  twice  as  long-  as  the  calyx,  the  uj^por  li])  dee])Iy 
2-lobed,  oqual  to  or  long-er  than  the  tube,  the  lower  li])  scarcely  so 
long-.  Anthers  of  the  staminodia  witli  2  linear  clavate  parallel  lobes. 
Nuts  glabrous,  reticulate-rug-ose.  —  Benth  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  570  j 
U.Br.  Prod.  501;  Cunila  fruticosa,  WiM.  Sj^ec.  PI.  i.  122 ;  W.  rosmu- 
riiiacni,  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  214. 

N.  S.  MTales.  Sandy  hills  near  the  sca  coast,  Port  Jackson,  li.  Broicn,  Sieher, 
n.  2(10,  and  nthers ;  northward  to  Port  Macquarrie,  Baclchorise,  and  southward  to  Cape 
IIjwc,  Mi)!isman. 

4.  W.  brevifolia,  Bcnth.  Lah.  Gcn.  ct  Sp.  459,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xii. 
570.  Very  near  W.  rosmarinifonnis,  with  which  F.  Muellor  proposos  to 
unite  it,  but  it  is  a  much  smtdler  j)lant  and  its  short  loaves  and  small 
Howors  give  it  a  very  different  aspoct.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  4,  oblong- 
or  olliptical-lanceolate,  hoary  or  white  underneath,  usually  3  to  4  lines 
long-,  or  in  IIannaford's  very  luxuriant  specimens  about  ^-"^in.  Flowers 
like  those  of  W.  rosmariniformis  but  much  smaller,  thc  stamens  usually 


]Vrstri/>//iu.]  X(lil.    I.AIUAT.E.  129 

more  exserted.     Calyx-teeth  as  iii  that  species  abont  half  the  leugth  of 
the  tube  or  rather  more. — Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  285,  t.  91. 
\ir.  Australia.     South  of  Launceston,  Gunn,  Hannaford. 

5.  W,  Dampieri,  li.  Br.  Prod.  501.  A  rigid  biishy  shrub  usualh^ 
more  scrubl)y  than  W.  i'osmariniformis  but  attaining"  several  feet,  the 
young;  shoots  and  under-side  of  the  leaves  often  hoary,  but  less  white 
than  in  that  species,  sometimes  the  whole  plant  slig-litly  but  equally 
hoary  or  altog-ether  nearly  green.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  4,  or  very  rarely 
of  3  on  the  side-branches,  linear,  mucli  revohite,  the  uppor  surface 
smooth  or  scabrous,  varying-  in  length  but  usually  about  |-  in. 
Flowers  axillary,  nearly  sessile,  about  the  size  of  those  of  W.  rosnmrini- 

formis,  but  the  corolla  more  hirsute  and  the  calyx  with  a  striate  tulje  of 
about  2  Hnes  and  tlie  teeth  whether  narrow  or  broad  always  very  short 
and  acute,  usuallv  not  \  the  leng-th  of  the  tube. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xii.  570 ;  Bartl.  m  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  361 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3308. 

Tasmania.  Peaks  of  Flinders  island  and  between  Huon  river  and  Ojster  Bay, 
Milligan;  Port  Esperance,  Oldjield;  South  Port,  C.  Stuart.  The  Tasmanian  speci- 
niens,  however,  although  undistinguishable  from  several  western  ones  of  W.  Dampieri, 
nmy  be  onlj  a  4-k'aved  variety  of  W.  angustifolia,  Br.,  the  common  3-leaved  form  of 
whiih  I  am  unable  to  distinguish  from  W.  rigida. 

W.  Australia.  King  CTeorge's  Sound  and  to  the  eastward,  B.  Brown,  Baxter, 
Drummond,  n.  47  and  bth  coll.  n.  342,  Freiss,  n.  2325,  Maxwell. 

6.  W.  rigida,  R.  Br.  Prod.  601.  A  rigid  bush}-  scrubby  shrub, 
scarcely  to  be  disting-uished  from  W.  Dampieri  by  any  constant  charac- 
ters.  It  varies  also  like  that  species  in  the  indumentum,  sometimes 
hoary  all  over  or  g-reen  all  over,  usually  the  young*  shoots  and  imder- 
side  of  the  leaves  only  hoary  and  never  so  white  as  in  W.  rosmariniformis. 
Leaves  mostly  in  whorls  of  3,  but  here  and  there  of  4,  hnear,  obtuse 
or  mucronate-acute,  rigidwith  much  revolute  marg-ins,  usually  g-labrous 
above  when  full-g-rown  and  either  smooth  and  shining-  or  scabrous  with 
minute  tubercles,  varying-  from  scarcely  2  Hnes  long-  and  thick  and  broad 
in  some  specimens,  to  above  ^  in.  and  more  slender  in  others,  with  every 
intermediate  size.  Flowers  of  W.  Dampieri,  with  the  same  very  short 
teeth  to  the  calyx,  which  varies  from  very  hoary  to  quite  green. — 
Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  570  ;  Bartl.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  361  ;  W.  grcvillina, 
F.  Muell.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  viii.  169  and  in  Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict. 
i.  49. 

Victoria.     Avoca  and  Murray  rivers,  F.  Mueller ;  Wimmera,  Dallachy. 

Tasmania.     See  below,   W.  angustifolia. 

S.  Australia.  Fowler  and  Petrel  Bay,  Waldegrave  and  Flinders  islands,  R.  Brown; 
Srtlt  Creek,  Behr.;  Murray  Creek  to  St.  Vincent'8  Gulf,  F.  Mueller;  Port  Lincohi, 
Wilhelmi. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  194,  Harvey  ;  and  rocky  shores  of  Eottenest 
Ishvnd,  A.  Cunningham,  Preiss,  n.  2309;  Sharks  Bay,  Milne;  Murchison  river, 
Oldjidd. 

Tliis  species  differs  generally  from  W.  Dampieri  in  the  shorter  more  rigid  leaves  in 

whnrls  of  3  only  ;  but  none   of  theso   characters  are   constant,    the   priraary  branchcs 

even  of  the   most  characteristic  short  leaved  forms  having  occasionally  the  leaves  in 

fours,  the  sliort  calycine    teeth  and  the  coronas  are  the   same  in  both   sptcies  wljich 

VOL.  V.  K 


130  XCIII.    LABIATiR.  [Wcstriiiiiiu. 

mio-ht  wcU  be  iinitcd  as  siipgcstcd  by  F.  Muellcr,  in  wliicli  casc  thc  iianic  of  11'. 
Dampicri  niight  be  given  to  the  whole. 

W.  cincrea,  E.  Br.  Prod.  .501,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  570,  only  dilTers  froni  the 
longer-leaved  form  of  W.  rigida  in  leing  more  hoary  than  usual,  tlie  plant  figured 
Bot.  Mag.  t.  3307  is  still  more  hoary  with  the  leaves  longer  than  in  any  of  the  Conti- 
nental  wiid  specimens. 

W.  anf/ustifolia,  R.  Br.  Prod.  501,  Benth.  in  I)C.  Prod.  xii.  .071  ;  Hook.  f.  Fl. 
Tasm.  i.  '285,  from  the  central  and  southern  parts  of  Tasmania,  B.  Broicn  and  others, 
does  not  appear  to  mc  to  difler  in  Ihe  slightest  dcgree  from  thc  longer-leavcd  conti- 
nental  spccimens  of  W.  rigida;  in  S.  and  W.  Australia,  as  in  Tasmania,  the  leaves  are 
sometimcs  veryscabrous  sometimes  qnite  smooth.  The  specimens  from  betwcen  Oyster 
B<iy  and  lluon  river,  Jlilligan,  and  from  the  Mersey  rivcr,  C.  iStuart,  have  the  leaves 
sometimes  in  threes  sometimes  in  fours,  thus  still  further  connecting  W.  rigida  with 
W.  Dampieri.  F.  Mueller  refers  them  to  W.  rosmaritiiformis,  bnt  they  liave  all  the 
very  short  calyx-teeth  of  W.  Dampieri.  A  few  specimens  of  C.  Stuart's  have  remaik- 
ably  long  leaves,  attaining  almost  2  iuches. 

7.  W,  senifolia,  F.  ]\htell.  in  Hook.  Kcw  Jonrn.  viii.  169,  and  in 
Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  49.  An  erect  robust  busliy  slirub  of  2  to  4  ft., 
more  or  less  liirsute  with  wliite  hairs,  sometimes  silky  but  looser  and 
long-er  tban  in  the  other  species,  occasionally  wearing-  off  fi-om  the 
older  leaves.  Leaves  crowded,  in  whorls  of  5  or  6,  hnear,  acute  or 
almost  obtuse,  rig-id,  the  marg-ins  much  revolute,  mostly  about  i  in. 
long-.  Flowers  axillary,  sessile.  Calyx-tul^e  1|  or  at  leng-th  2  lines 
long-,  the  teeth  subulate-acuminate,  nearly  or  quite  as  long-  as  the  tube. 
Corona  sHg-htly  pubescent  outside,  the  lobes  all  nearly  equal  or  tlie 
middle  lower  one  rather  longer,  and  not  very  much  exceeding-  the 
calyx-teeth. 

Victoria.     Mount  Aberdeen,  Bnffalo  Range,  F.  Mueller. 

Var.  canescens.     Shortly  hoary,  like  W.  rigida,  bnt  with  tlie  crowdcd  whorls  of  5  or 
6  lcavcs,  the  long  calyx-teeth  and  small  corollas  of  W.  senifolia. 
W.  Australia.     Phillips  river,  Maxwell. 

8.  W.  eremicola,  A.  Cunn.  in  Bcnth.  Lab.  Gcn.  ct  Sp.  469,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xii.  i3?l.  A  shrub  of  several  ft.  with  erect  often  virgate 
rather  slender  branches  more  or  less  hoary  or  silky-pubescent  as  well 
as  the  leaves  with  appressed  hairs,  the  okler  foHage  becoming-  g-hibrous. 
Leaves  usually  in  whorls  of  8,  narrow-hnear,  acute  or  mucronate,  with 
revohite  margins,  more  slender  than  in  the  preceding-  species  and  rarcly 
above  \  hi.  long-.  Flowers  rather  small,  usually  distant.  Calyx  hoary, 
the  tube  about  l^  Hnes  long',  the  teeth  subulate  or  rarely  lanceolate- 
subulate,  as  long-  as  or  sometimes  longer  than  the  tube.  Corolla  pubes- 
cent  outside,  smaHer  than  in  any  of  the  jireceding*  species  except  W. 
.wiifolia,  tlie  u])per  Hp  shorter  than  the  middle  lobe  of  the  lower  Hp  and 
not  dee])ly  lol)ed,  the  lobes  all  rather  narrow  and  emarginate. — Bot. 
:\Iag.  t.  ims  ;    W.  loiif/ifoUa,  Lindl.  Bot.  Ileg'.  t.  1481,  not  of  R.  Br. 

Queensland.     Brisliane  river,  Morcton  Bay,  F.  Mucller,  C.  Sluart. 
N.  S.  Wales,     Arid  wastes  on  the  Lachlan.  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser. 
Victoria.     (iinoa  andTowamba  rivers,  F.  Mutller  (included  by  hiniinFrngm.  vi. 
110,  in   ))'.  longifvUa). 

Var.  ?  quaterna.  Leaves  in  whorls  of  4. — Slioalhaven  gullies,  near  Glenroch,  Herb. 
F.  Mueller  (the  coilector  not  namcd). 


Wt\s(rillt/i(i.]  XCIII.    LAIJIAT/E.  l;il 

9.  W.  longifolia,  h'.  Br.  Prod.  501.  An  erect  shrub  of  several 
ft.,  without  any  of  the  hoary  tomentum  or  hairs  of  the  preceding"  species 
either  on  the  foliag-e  or  calyxes  and  very  rarely  and  only  in  a  very 
slight  degree  on  tlie  young-  brauches.  Leaves  in  wliorLs  of  3,  narrow- 
linear,  the  margins  soniewhat  revohite  or  nearly  flat,  above  \  in.  and 
mostly  above  1  in.  long-.  FloAvers  rather  small,  axiDary.  Calyx-tube 
1  to  1|-  Hnes  long-,  r)-ribbed,  green  and  smootli,  the  teeth  hmceolate- 
subuhite,  usually  al)out  as  long-  as  the  tulje  and  often  cihate.  Corolla 
pubescent  outside,  the  tul)c  exserted  and  usually  exceeding-  the  calyx- 
teeth,  dihited  upwards,  tlie  upper  lip  much  shorter  than  the  tube, 
broadly  2-h)bed,  the  middle  lobe  of  the  lower  lip  much  longer.  Con- 
nective  of  the  perfect  anthers  very  prominent  and  (in  some  specimens 
at  least)  ahnost  winged  at  the  back. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  571 ; 
ProsUaithcra  liHcaris,  Sieb.  Pl.  Exs.,  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  S.  VTales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  B.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  180, 
and  many  others. 

10.  W.  glabra,  R.  Br.  Prod.  501.  A  bushy  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft., 
quite  glabrous  or  the  young-  branches  slightly  silky-pubescent,  the 
leaves  on  both  sides  and  the  calyxes  quite  green.  Leaves  in  whorls  of 
3,  shortly  petiolate,  from  oblong-eniptical  to  hmceolate,  from  under 
^  in.  to  nearly  1  in.  long,  acute  or  obtuse,  flat  or  the  margins  shghtly 
recurved,  smooth  and  often  shining-  on  the  upper  surface.  Flowers  of 
TI'^.  longifolia,  the  calyx-teeth  usually  lanceolate,  about  as  long  as  the 
tube. — I3enth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  571 ;  W.  violacea,  F.  MuelL  in  Hook. 
Kew  Journ.  viii.  169,  and  in  Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  49. 

Queensland.     Shoalwater  Bay,  R.  Brown. 
N.  S.  Wales.     New  England,  C.  Stuart. 
Victoria.     Near  the  Goulburn  river,  F.  Mueller. 

For  the  other  stations  mentioned  by  F.  Mueller,  Fragm.  vi.  110,  see  Hemigenia 
cuneifolia. 

11.  W.  rubiaefolia,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  501.  A  dense  bushy  shrub  of  1 
to  3  ft.,  quite  ghabrous  or  the  young  branches  pubescent.  Leaves  in 
whorls  of  4,  oblong"-elHptical  or  lanceolate,  mucronate-acute  or 
almost  o])tuse,  the  margins  usually  slightly  recurved,  glabrous,  smooth 
and  shining-  above,  paler  but  not  hoary  underneath.  Flowers  rnther 
small,  all  axillary  but  usually  crowded  towards  the  ends  of  the 
branches.  Calyx  green,  the  tube  ribbed,  scarcely  above  1  line  long-, 
the  teeth  acute,  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the  tube.  Corolla  pubescent 
like  those  of  W.  lonqifolia  and  W.  glabra. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  571 ; 
Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.'i.  285. 

Tasmania.  Derwent  river,  i?.  Broivn  ;  abundant  througliout  the  colony,  ascending 
to  3000  feet,  /.  D.  Hooker. 

Var.?  suhsericea.  Upper  leaves  and  inflorescence  silky-pubescent.  Leavcs  thick, 
not  at  all  revokite,  3  to  4  lines  long.  CoroUa  nearly  glabrous,  tlie  lobes  apparently  nar- 
rower  than  in  the  typical  forra. — Head  of  the  Uoughis  river,  Millic/an. 

This  variety  in  some  measure  connects  W.  rubicefolia  through  W.  brevifolia  with 
W.  rosmariniformis,  whilst,  if  the  number  of  leaves  in  the  whorl  be  neglected,  W.  rnbice- 
folia  passes  through  W.  glahra  and  W.  lovgifoHa  into  TT'".  ercmicola  and  W.  senifolia, 

K  2 


I^n  XCIII.    LAniAT.^E.  [Wrstri/if/iit. 

leavinff  only  IV.  riijida  and   W.  Dampieri  to  be  distingui.shed  by  thc  shortness  of  tho 
calyx  teeth. 

Tribe  VI.  Ajugoideje. —  Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  exserted  from  the 
verv  short  truncate  or  deeply  slit  upper  lip  of  the  corolla  (except  verv 
rarelv  in  p-enera  not  Australian).  Nuts  prominently  reticulate-rug-ose, 
not  pucculent,  usually  attached  to  near  the  niiddle.  Seeds  without 
albiunen. 

Some  genera  of  tliis  tribe  approach  very  nearly  to  Vitex  and  its  aUies  in  Vcr- 
bcnaceae. 

20.  TEUCRIUM,  Linn. 

Calyx-teeth  5,  equal  or  the  upper  one  more  frequently  larger  than 
the  others.  Corolla-tube  short,  the  4  upper  lobes  nearly  equal  or  the 
2  uppermost  larg-er,  all  4  lateral,  erect  or  declinate,  the  middle  lower  lobe 
hirg-cr,  obovate  or  oblong-,  spreading-  and  usually  concave.  Stamens  4, 
in  pairs,  exserted  from  between  the  upper  corolhi-lobes  and  arched  over 
the  corolhi.  Anthers  reniform,  1-celled  by  conHuence  of  the  cells. 
Style  shortly  bifid  at  the  end.  Kuts  hiterally  attached  to  near  or  to 
above  the  middle,  reticulate-rugose  or  rarely  nearly  smootli. — Herbs 
undershrubs  or  slirubs,  showing-  considerable  diversity  in  liabit  and 
inflorescence.     Leaves  entire,  toothed  or  variously  divided. 

The  genus  is  widely  distributed  over  the  temperate  regions  of  the  ghibe,  chiefly  in 
the  northern  hemisphere,  with  a  few  tropical  chiefly  mountain  species.  The  Austialiiin 
Bpecics  are  all  endemic,  althoiigh  in  some  measure  allied,  in  some  instances  to  S.  African, 
in  others  to  Himalayan  or  Enropean  species. 

Peduncies  longer  than  the  calyx,  1-  or  more-flowered. 

Plant  hoary  or  white,  rigid.     Leaves  mostly  enlire.     Peduncles 

rigid,  all  1-flowered 1.    J".  racemosum. 

Plant  green,  nearly  glabrous.    Leaves  mostly  entire.     Pedimcles 

slendcr,  all  1-flowered  or  the  lower  ones  3-  or  5-flowered      .     .  2.    T.  integrifolium. 
Phmt  green,  pubescent  or  vilh)us.     Leaves  toothed  or  cut  or  the 

uppcr  ones  cntire.     Peduncles  slender,  3-  or  more  flowered       .  3.    T.  corymhosum. 
riowcrs  sessile  or  nearly  so. 

Fiowers  all  axiliary.     Leaves  narrow,  3-lobed.    Corolla  two  upper 

lobes  twice  as  large  as  the  next  pair 4.  T.  fiUlohum. 

Flower.s  in  more  or  lcss  lealy  spikes.    Leaves  mostly  3-  or  5-Iobed. 

Corolla  lateral  lobes  as  large  as  the  upper  pair b.    T.  sessiliflorum. 

Flowers  in  terminal  spikes.    Leaves  toothed  or  rarely  lobid.    Co- 

rolla  with  all  4  upper  lobes  small  and  distant Q.   T.  argut%im. 

1.  T.  racemosum,  I{.  Br.  Prod.  504.  A  perennial  or  undershrub 
with  a  woody  routstock  and  erect  rig-id  more  or  less  branched  stems, 
from  0  in.  to  above  1  ft.  hig-h,  hoary  or  white  as  well  as  the  fohag-e  and 
intlorescence,  with  a  close  minute  tomentum  scarcely  wearing-  otf  from 
the  upper  surface  of  the  older  leaves.  Stem-leaves  linear-lanceolate 
or  oblong-linear,  obtuse,  entire  or  very  rarely  3-lobed,  contracted  into 
a  sliort  ])etiole,  from  under  \  in.  to  above  1  in.  long-,  the  marg-ins  some- 
times  recurved  and  occasionally  unduhite-crisped ;  the  lower'  leaves  in 
some  specimens  3  togetlier  on  each  side  of  the  stem  ;  the  upper  and 
floral  ones  g-radually  smallcr,  more  sessile,  broader  at  the  base,  the 


Tcucrium.]  XCIll.    LABIAT.E.  133 

uppenaost  very  sinall.  Pedunclos  all  l-tlowered,  rigid,  spreading-,  us 
long-  as  or  long-er  tlian  tlie  floral  leaf,  tbrming-  a  stiff  terminal  more  or 
loss  loafy  raceine.  Calyx  2  to  t2|  lines  long-,  the  teetli  nearly  equal,  as 
long-  as  or  long-er  than  the  tube.  Corolla-limb  sparing-ly  hirsute  out- 
side,  the  4  upper  h)bes  in  hiteral  pairs,  all  nearly  equal  oblong*  and 
erect,  the  middle  lower  one  twice  as  long".  Nuts  more  or  less  pubes- 
cent,  tlie  adnate  part  of  the  inner  face  very  hard. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xii.  67G. 

Queensland.  Iii  the  inteiior,  JUitchell;  ArmadilUi,  Barton ;  Curriwillighie, 
Dalton. 

N.  S.  'Wrales.  Swampy  flats  on  the  liachlan  river,  A.  Cunningham  ;  Upper  Hunter 
river,  WooUs ;  from  the  Lachlan  and  Darling  to  the  Barrier  Range,  Victorian  and 
other  Expeditions. 

Victoria.     On  the  Murray,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.  Murray  river  and  St.  Viiicenfs  Gulf,  F.  Mudler  and  others ; 
Spencer'8  Gulf,  B.  Brown,  Wilhelmi ;  in  the  interior,  M'Douall  SluarCs  E.rpedition  ; 
towards  Cooper's  Creek,  Hoicitfs  E.rpedition. 

TV.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  Oldfield,  Drummond,  Gth  coll.  n.  143. 

Var.  tripartitum,  F.  Muell.  Flowers  and  leaves  very  small,  the  lower  leaves  three 
together  on  each  side  of  the  stem,  perhaps  single  tripartite  leaves,  for  here  and  thero 
there  is  a  trifid  one,  hut  mostly  the  three  are  quite  distinct  from  the  hase. — Murray 
river,  E.  Muellcr. 

2.  T.  integrifolium,  F.  Mucll.  Hcrb.  An  erect  perennial  of  6  in. 
to  1  ft.,  with  the  habit  of  some  forms  of  T.  racemosum,  with  which  F. 
Mueller  now  unites  it,  but  not  so  rigid  and  without  any  of  the  white 
tomentum  so  constant  in  that  species,  the  calyx  and  young-  shoots  very 
rarely  slightly  pubescent  or  hirsute  and  the  corolla  usually  hirsute  out- 
side,  the  rest  of  the  plant  g-labrous.  Leaves  lanceolate  oblong*  or 
almost  linear,  the  lower  ones  petiolate  and  ^  to  1  in.  long-,  the  upper 
lloral  ones  smaller  and  more  sessile,  all  entire.  Peduncles  much  more 
slender  than  in  T.  raccmosum,  but  mostly  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the 
upper  ones  aiid  sometimes  all  1-flowered,  the  lower  ones  often  3-  or  5- 
flowered  as  in  T.  corymhosum.     Nuts  pubescent. 

N.  Australia.     Dry  lagoons,  Arnhem's  Land,  Hooker"s  Creek,  F.  Mufller. 

Queensland.  In  the  mi^-nov,  Mitchell;  Bowen  river,  Botoman ;  Flinders  river, 
Sutherland;  Suttor  river,  Dorsay ;  Armadilla,  Barton;  CmTiwillighie,  Dalton. 

This  species  closely  connects  T.  racemosum  and  T.  corymbosum,  being  as  near  to 
the  one  as  to  the  othcr,  and,  as  appears  to  me,  cannot  well  be  referred  to  either  without 
uniting  all  three  into  oiie. 

3.  T.  corymbosum,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  504.  An  erect  perennial,  not 
usually  much  branched,  from  under  1  ft.  to  3  ft.  hig'li,  pubescent  with 
verv  short  hairs  passing-  sometimes  into  a  hoary  tomentum  on  the  under 
side  of  the  leaves ;  thin  leaves  mostly  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  irreg-u- 
larly  and  deeply  toothed  or  lobed,  contracted  into  a  distinct  petiole, 
more  or  less  rug-ose,  gTeen  on  both  sides  or  hoary  underneath,  1  to  1| 
in.  long",  passing-  into  smaller,  narrower  and  less  cut  floral  leaves,  which 
are  sometimes  as  well  as  the  upper  stem  ones  all  entire  or  slig'htly 
toothed,  or  all  the  leaves  are  oblong-  or  broadly  lanceolate  and  more 
reg-ularly  toothed^  or  all  are  rather  broad  and  deeply  lobed.     Peduncles 


];{4  xciii.    lahiat.t:.  [Tnirrim/i. 

sloiulor  shoiter  ov  hjiij^xn-  tlian  the  k'aves,  beariiiy  a  loose  cvnie  of  3  to 
7  or  rarelv  niore  ilowers,  usually  rather  smaller  tlian  in  T.  racemosam, 
but  soinetinies  at  least  as  larg-e,  otherwise  the  same  as  in  that  species, 
tlie  calyx-tectli  nearly  equal  and  as  long-  as  or  long-er  than  the  tube, 
the  4  upper  lobes  of  the  corolla  nearly  equal  and  oblonji-,  tlie  middle 
lower  one  twice  as  long-.  jNuts  pubescent. — Benth.  iu  DC.  Prod.  xii. 
^^77,  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  285  j  Scopuria  mistrulis,  Sieb.  in  Schult.  Syst. 
iii.  Mant.  GG  ;   Anisomeles  australis,  Spreng-.  Syst.  Cur.  Post.  220. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Broicn,  Sieber,  n.  184, 
aiul  others ;  northward  to  Chirence  and  Hastings  rivers,  BecJcler ;  New  England,  C. 
Stuart. 

Victoria.  Yarra-Yarra,  Eoherlson  ;  Latrobn,  Avoii,  Snowj  and  Macalister  rivers, 
F.  Jludler. 

Tasmania.  Not  uncommon  in  dry  phices  in  various  parts  of  the  colony,  /.  D. 
Hooher. 

S.  Australia.  Beds  of  creeks  and  rocky  liills,  Wulpena,  Baruhi,  Crystal  Brook, 
F.  Mudler ;  I.ake  GilHes,  i?M7'A;i7i;  Mount  Kearle,   Warhurton. 

Var.  ?  hirmtum.  Tiie  whole  plant  viscid  and  hirsute  with  rather  long  spreadiTig 
liairs.  Leaves  rather  large,  contracted  into  a  very  short  petiole  or  quite  sessile.  Cymes 
loose,  several  liowered.     Perhaps  a  distinct  species. 

Queensland.  Jlountain  tops  near  llocklianipton,  Bowinan,  0' Shancsi/ ;  Liverpool 
Eange,  Jjtichliardt. 

T.  lanceolutum,  Benth,  Lab.  Gen.  et  Sp.  606  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  576,  from  Bathurst, 
A.  Cunninyham,  is  founded  on  luxuriant  flowering  branches  of  T.  coryinhosiim,  of  which 
thc  lower  leaves  are  wanting  and  the  upper  ones  are  all  lanceolate  and  entire,  or  slightly 
todthod. 

T.  petrophilum,  F.  Muell.  in  Linnaea,  xxv.  426  from  South  Australia  is  founded  on 
stout  speciinens  of  T.  coryrnhosum,  ratlier  more  hoary  than  usual. 

4.  T.  fililobum,  F.  Mitell.  Ilrrh.  Apparently  slirubby,  with  diffiise 
or  erect  branched  stems  of  6  in.  to  1  ft.,  pubescent  with  very  sbort 
spreading-  liairs.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  deeply  divided  into  3  or 
rarely  0  narrow-linear  lobes  witli  revolute  margins,  the  whole  leaf 
rarely  above  |  in.  long-,  the  floral  ones  similar.  Flowers  rather  larg-e, 
solitary  in  the  axils,  nearly  sessile  or  on  pedicels  rarely  exceeding-  1 
line.  Calyx  broadly  campanulate,  green,  slig-htly  pubescent,  about  3 
lines  long-,  the  teetli  subulate-acuniinate  or  very  acute,  as  long-  as  the 
tube.  Corolla  pubescent  outside,  the  2  upper  lobes  broad  aud  very 
obtuse,  the  2  hiteral  ones  much  sinaller,  the  middle  lower  lobe  again 
larg-er.     Nuts  g"hibrous  or  scarcely  pubescent. 

W.  Australia,  Druinmond,  n.  65,  2nd  coll.  n.  213,  -ith  coH.  n.  169;  Puttinirup, 
Maxirdl. 

Dnimmond's  speciinens,  n.  65,  were  referred  by  De  Vriese  (GoodenovieiB,  p.  183)  to 
LescJienauhia  tuhiflura,  and  so  named  by  him  in  Ilerb.  Hooker. 

5.  T.  sessiliflorum,  Brnth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  580.  A  perennial,  with 
asce.'iding-  or  erect  slig-htly  branched  stems  under  0  iu.  bigh,  glabrous 
or  sHghtly  pubescent  as  well  as  tlie  foliag-e,  the  inflorescence  usually 
hirsute.  Leaves  oblong--cuneate  or  linear-cuneate,  3-  or  5-lobed,  the 
lobes  either  sliort  and  broad  or  long-  and  linear,  tlie  margins  usually 
recurved  and  the  primary  veins  prominent  underneatli,  usually  con- 
tractcd  into  a  liroad  j^etiole  and  varying-  in  longtb  from  .V  in.  to  above 


Trucriiim.^  XCllI.    hAniXTM.  1  ;j.'") 

1  iii.,  tlie  tloral  ones  sliort,  broad  and  sessile,  distaut  or  close  and  ini- 
bricate,  usnally  tootlied  only  at  the  end.  Flowers  small,  in  dense  or 
interrupted  terminal  leafy  spikes,  each  one  solitary  in  the  axil  of  the 
lloral  leaf  and  sessile.  Calyx  hirsute,  about  2  lines  long-,  the  teeth 
crpuil  short  and  broad.  Corolhi  lobes  ouly  shortly  exceediny  the  calyx. 
— T.  trifidiim,  Schleeht.  Linntea,  xx.  009,  not  of  lietz. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  F.  Macller  ;  Wimmera,  BuUacJii/. 

S.  Australia,  Behr. ;  Hocl^y  Creek  aiid  head  of  Spencer's'Gulf,  F.  Mueller ;  VeiiDa 
Bay,  Warhurton. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  211. 

0.  T.  argutum,  li.  Br.  Prod.  GO-i.  A  perennial,  with  erect  simple 
or  slig'htly  branched  stems  of  6  in.  to  1  ft.,  the  whole  plant  pubescent 
or  hirsute  but  g-reen.  Leaves  on  rather  slender  petioles,  ovate-lanceolate 
(jr  ovate,  sometimes  hastate,  reg-ularly  serrate  or  crenate,  or  rarely  less 
reg'ularly  toothed  or  lobed,  more  or  less  rug-ose,  mostlv  from  |  to  11-  in. 
loug",  tlie  iioral  ones  reduced  to  small  lanceolate  or  rarely  ovate  per- 
sistent  bracts.  Flowers  not  very  constantly  opposite,  sessile  or  sliortlv 
pedicellate,  in  loose  or  dense  terminal  spikes.  Calyx  2  to  3  lines  long', 
the  teeth  aciite,  shorter  than  tlie  tube,  the  upper  ones  especially  tlie 
nppermost  one  rather  broad,  the  2  lowest  narrow.  Corolla  with  the  4 
npper  (lateral)  lobes  very  small  acute  and  distant,  the  middle  lower 
lobe  mucli  larg-er  and  obovate.  Nuts  g-labrous. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xii.  584. 

Queensland.  Gilbert  river,  F.  Mueller;  Port  Denison,  Fitzalan,  Dallachy ;  Rock- 
ingham  Bay,  Dallachy ;  Rockhampton,  0'SJtanesy,  Dallachy ;  Nerkool  Creek  and 
Biiwen  river,  Bowmaii  ;  Moreton  Bay,  BacJchou.se;  near  Monnt  Owen,  Mitcliell. 

N.  S.  AVales.  Hawkesbury  river,  R.  Broivn  ;  Nepean  river,  Woolh  ;  Tvveed  and 
Eichmond  river.s,  C.  Moore ;  New  Enghmd,  C.  Stiiarb ;  M'Leay  and  Clarence  rivers, 
BecJcler  (the  latter  with  smaller  leaves  and  flowers). 

Var.  incisa.  Leaves  small,  mostiy  lobed. — Dawson  river,  F.  MuelUr ;  Darling 
Downs,  Lau ;  Armadilla,  Barton. 

21.  AJUGA,  Linn. 

Calyx-teeth  5,  equal.  Corolla-tube  short  or  loug-,  the  upper  lij)  very 
short,  truncate  or  emarginate,  the  lower  lip  long*  and  spreading-,  the 
lateral  lobes  oblong-,  small,  the  middle  lobe  much  larger,  emarginate  or 
biiid.  Stamens  4,  in  pairs,  exserted  from  tlie  upper  lip  and  arched 
over  the  corolla ;  anthers  reniform,  1-celled  by  the  coutiuence  of  the 
cells.  Style  shortly  bifid  at  the  end.  Nuts  laterally  attached  to  near 
or  above  the  middle,  reticulate-rug-ose. — Herbs,  usually  dilfuse  or  ascend- 
ing'  or  witli  spreading-  radical  leaves  and  shortly  erect  stems.  Flowers 
in  false-whorls  in  the  axils  of  Horal  leaves  gradually  smaller  than  the 
stem-leaves,  the  upper  ones  sometimes  forming*  terminal  leafy  spikes. 
Bracts  linear,  or  very  small  or  none. 

The  genus  is  widely  dispersed  over  the  extratropical  regions  of  tlie  Old  World,  auil 
chiefly  in  the  mountain  districts  within  the  tropics,  but  wanting  in  Ainerica.  The  two 
Australian  species,  as  usually  defined,  are  endemic,  one  of  them  however  scarcely  to  be 
distiriguished  from  a  commou  uorlhern  one. 


1,'{<;  XCIJI.     I.AIJIAT.K.  Ajll(J(l. 

Flcial  lcavcs  entire   or   willi  very  few  coarse  fcetli,  and   snialler  nr 

narrower  than  tlie  Howerless  oncs.     Flowers  5  lines  to  1  in.  iong    .     ].  A.  amtral.s. 

Florai  icavcs  iil<e  tlie  steni  oncs,  ov.ite,  deepiy  sinuate-tootlied  and  ru- 

gose.     Fiowers  not  exceediiig  3  lines 2.  A.  siiiuata. 

1.  A.  australis,  If.  Br.  Prod.  503.  A  perennial,  more  or  less  pu- 
bescent  or  villous,  witliout  stolones,  with  erect  or  ascending-  simple 
stems  from  "2  ov  '^  in.  to  above  1  ft.  long-,  flowering"  nearly  from  the  base. 
Leaves  chielly  radical,  obovate  or  oblong-,  coarsely  toothed,  contracted 
iuto  a  long-  petiole,  often  3  to  4  in.  and  sometimes  still  long-er ;  lower 
iloral  leaves  nearly  similar  or  smaller  and  narrower,  passing*  iuto  sessile 
oblong  or  lanceohite  entire  ones,  all  long-er  than  the  ilowers  or  the 
iipper  ones  very  small.  Flowers  bhie,  nearly  sessile,  in  false  whorls  of 
from  about  0  to  above  20,  exceeding-ly  varialjle  in  size.  Bracts  Huear, 
the  outer  ones  sometimes  as  long*  as  the  calyx,  the  inner  ones  or  nearly 
all  very  small  or  obsolete.  Calyx  villous  or  nearly  glabrous,  from  about 
2  Hnes  to  nearly  4  lines  long*,  the  teeth  acute,  shorter  than  the  tube. 
Corolla-tube  from  the  length  of  the  calyx  to  twice  as  long",  always 
with  a  transverse  ring"  of  hairs  inside  above  the  ovary,  the  upper  lip 
truncate  or  emarginate,  sometimes  exceeding'ly  short,  in  some  of  the 
larg-er  flowers  nearly  1  hne  long-,  but  always  twice  as  broad  as  long-, 
and  never  long-er  than  the  space  between  the  base  of  the  lower  hp  and 
the  hiteral  lobes ;  the  middle  lobe  of  the  lower  lip  usually  long-er  than 
tlie  tube.  Nuts  giabrous. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  59?  ;  Hook.  f. 
FL  Tasm.  i.  286 ;  A.  diemenica,  Benth.  Lab.  Gen.  et  Sp.  695  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xii.  597  ;  A.  virgata  and  A.  tridentata,  Benth.  Lab.  Gen.  et  Sp. 
700,  701 ;  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  601,  602. 

Queensland.  Keppel  Baj',  R.  Broicn;  Percy  isles,  A.  Cunnlnghani ;  Port  Curtis, 
M'  Gillivray ;  Rockingiiani  Bay  and  Koclihampton,  DaUachy  aud  others  ;  Moreton  Bay, 
C.  Stuart ;  .Mount  Faraday,  Mitchell. 

N.  S.  Vt^ales.  Port  Jaclcson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  i?.  Broicn  and  otliers ; 
I.achlan  river,  A.  Cunningham ;  from  thence  and  the  l)arling  to  the  Barrier 
Hange,  Victorian  and  other  B.ipeditio7is  ;  iiew  Enghind,  C.  Stuart ;  Hastings,  Macleay 
and  Ciarence  rivers,  BecMer  and  others. 

Victoria.  Near  Melbourne,  Adamson;  Yaria,  Broken  and  Murray  rivers,  F.  Muelhr; 
^Vimmera,  Dallacliy ;  mouth  of  the  Glenelg,  AUitt ;  Baliarook  Forest,  Creswick, 
Whan. 

Tasmania.     Common  in  damp  meadows,  &c.  throughout  the  colony,  J.  D.  Hooker. 

S.  Australia.  From  tlie  Miirray  to  St.  Vincent's  Gulf,  F.  Mueller  and  others  ; 
Mount  Searle,   Warlurton ;  Kangaroo  island,   Waterhouse. 

The  cliaracters  on  which  I  had  formerly,  from  the  examination  of  few  and  some  of 
them  very  iinperfect  spsciniens,  distinguished  four  species  distributed  into  two 
sections,  have  eutirely  broken  down  by  the  comparison  of  tlie  numerous  specimens  now 
before  me,  compri.sed  iu  above  eighty  sheets,  from  a  great  variety  of  statious,  and  all 
must  evidenlly  be  nferred  to  a  Kingle  species,  not  separable  from  the  nortliern  A. 
gfewemis/s  by  any  marked  characters^but  diiiering  chiefiy  in  the  greater  development 
of  tlie  tloral  leaves,  which  are  narrower  more  herbaceous  and  less  toolhed  tlian  in  A. 
geneeensis.  and  never  broad  and  imbricate  as  in  A.  ]}yramidalis.  In  some  of  the 
Australian  va  ii-ti  s  the  flowerless  leave-  are  almost  entirely  radical,  iarge  and  on  long 
petioles,  and  the  floral  leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong.  scarcelytoothed  and  not  twice  as 
long  as  tlie  tlow.-rs ;  in  otliers  there  are  a  few  flowerless  leaves  at  tlie  base  of  the  stems 
forming  a  gradual  passage  Irom  the  radical  to  tiie  lloral  ones  wiiich  are  ail  several  times 
as  loug  as  the  flowers.     Tlieu  as  to  size  and  iudumentnm,  eome  specimens  Irom  the 


AjlU/a.]  XCIII.    LABIAT^.  L">r 

iiitfiiipr  of  N.  S.  Wales  aiul  frum  S.  Austnvlia  are  vcry  lidary-villoiis  ail  ovcr,  witli 
radiunl  leaves  6  in.  loiig  and  robust  stems  of  above  1  ft.,  the  ilowers  tliemselves  iieaily 
1  iu.  long  ;  otliers  Iwth  from  the  North  aiul  the  South  have  the  Howers  scarcely  5  liiics 
loiig,  tiie  commoii  size  beiiig  bctween  these  two  extremes,  with  every  degree  of  viliosity 
froni  almost  glabruus  iu  some  Tasmanian  ones  to  tiie  ahove-mentioiied  exceedingly 
villous  ones.  'J"he  very  inditferent  specimen  whieh  I  had  published  as  A.  viryula 
appears  to  be  a  long  drawu-up  Howering  stem  of  an  old  plaiit  not  otlierwise  difJeriiig 
from  a  form  which  iiow  proves  to  be  frequent.  A.  tridentata,  with  a  similar  liabit  but 
still  more  drawn  oiit  aiid  less  villous,  has  all  the  fl(>ial  leaves  broadly  sessile,  ovate  and 
dee[)ly  Stoothed  or  3-lobcd,  which  give  a  very  ditVerent  aspect  to  the  plant,  but  thcse 
characteis  are  not  as  yet  coiitinned  hy  any  more  perfect  specimens. 

2.  A.  sinuata,  F.  Br.  Prod.  603.  A  low  ditfuse  inucli-brancbed 
hirsute  perennial,  not  exceeding-  6  in.  Leaves  ovate  or  oblong-,  dee})!}' 
and  irreg'ubirly  sinuate-toothed,  the  radical  ones  on  rather  hnig-  petiok's, 
1  to  8  in.  lonji',  the  iloral  ones  on  shorter  petioles,  i  to  |  in.  long-,  but 
all  rug'ose  aiul  promiuently  and  obtusely  toothed  Hke  the  radical  ones. 
Flowers  not  3  Hnes  long-,  about  G  in  the  whorl.  Calyx  hirsute.  Corolhi 
upper  hp  not  exeeeding-  the  calyx-teeth. — Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii. 
698. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.     Hunter's  river,  E.  Broion ;  Macleay  river,  Herb.  F.  Mxieller. 

The  species  is  nearer  to  the  Hinialayan  ^4. 2Jorw///ora  than  to  any  other,  the  habit  the 
floral  leaves  and  the  very  small  flowers  prevent  its  union  with  A.  avstralis,  unless  the 
whole  of  the  section  Bmjula  frora  Europe,  Asia,  Airica  aiul  Australia,  with  the  excep- 
tion  of  A.  lohata,  A.  reptans,  and  A.  orientalis,  be  joiued  together  under  the  Linnseau 
name  of  J..  genevensis. 

Order  xciv.    PLANTAGINE^. 

Flowers  reg-ular.  Sepals  4.  Corolla  small,  scarious,  with  an  ovate 
or  cyHndrical  tube  anti  4  spreading-  lobes,  imbricate  in  the  bud. 
Stamens  4,  or  rarely  fewer,  inserted  in  the  tube  of  the  coroHa  and  al- 
ternate  with  its  lobes,  usually  long* ;  anthers  !2-celled,  the  cells  parallel, 
opening-  long-itudinally.  Ovary  free,  1-  2-  or  4-celled,  with  one  or  more 
ovules  in  each  cell.  Style  simple,  terminal,  entire,  with  2  opposite 
longitudinal  stig-matic  lines.  Capsule  opening-  transversely  or  indehis- 
cent.  Seeds  peltate,  laterally  attached,  albuminous.  Embryo  straight 
or  slig-htly  curved,  parallel  to  the  hilum. — Herbs  with  radical  tufted  or 
spreading'  leaves,  rarely  branched  and  leaty.  Flowers  in  heads  or 
spikes  or  rarely  solitary,  on  leaHess  axillary  peduncles,  each  one  sessile 
within  a  small  bract. 

A  smoU  Order,  widely  spread  over  the  globe,  but  chiefly  in  the  temperate  regions  of 
'the  Oid  World.     The  only  Australian   genus  is  the  principal  one  of  the  Order,  whicli, 
besides  that  one,  only  contains  two  others,  both  nionotypic,  one  from  the  mountains  of 
S.  America,  the  otlier  Europeau  and  aquatic,  both  of  them  veiy  auomalous. 

1.  PLANTAGO,  Linn. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite,  in  heads  or  spikes.  Stamens  4.  Capsule  2- 
or  4-celled ;  the  other  characters  those  of  the  Order. 

The  geographical  range  of  the  genus  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  Order.  Anioiig  tlie 
Australiau  ones,  besiJes  ihose  that  are  introJuced,  (jne  extenJs  to  New  ZealauJ  anJ 


1;1S  XCIV.     l-LANT.Uil.NK.T:.  [l>lant(U/,>. 

tlio  Aiitaiviic  islauds,  aiul  i^t.ssibly  to  tlie  cxtratropical  mountaiiisof  Soutli  Amcrica;  llie 
otliers,  as  lar  as  hitlierto  ascertained,  are  all  endemic,  but  tlie  discrimiiiatioii  of  some 
of  the  very  variable  spccies  of  tbe  gcnus  is  as  yet  vcry  far  from  bciiig  satisfiictorily 
carried  oiit.  Tlie  characters  derived  from  tlie  exserted  or  included  stylcs  or  stamens 
liHve  been  .sbown  by  A.  Gray  to  be  dimorpliic  or  subscxual  and  not  specific,  and  tbere 
remains  often  little  to  be  rclicd  upon  bnt  tbc  sliape  of  tlie  leaves,  the  density  of  inflo- 
rescence,  tbe  size  of  tbe  flowers  and  similar  eminently  variable  differences. 

Ovary  2-cellcd  with  1  ovule  in   eacb  ccll.     Floweis  in  vcry  dense 

ovate  or  broadly  oblong  spikes  or  heads l.  P.lanceolata. 

Ovary  appnreiitly  4-celled,  witb  1  ovule  in  cacb  cell  (2-celled,  witb 
2  ovules   in    eacb    cell    separated    by    spurious   disscpiments). 
Flowers  dosely  appressed  in  nairow  cylindrical  spikes  ....     2.  P.  coronopus. 
Ovary  2-ccllcd,  witb  2  ovuks  iu   cach  ccll  witbout  spurious  disse- 

piments. 
Spikes  vcry  slender,  intcrrupted     Flowers  small.    Leaves  usually 

rather  broad.     Calyx  not  exceeding  f  line 3.  P.  clehiUs. 

Spikes  rigid,  not  very  close,  above  1  in.  long  (exccpling  dcpaupe- 

rated   spccimcns  with  few  flowers).     Leaves   usually  narrow. 

Calyx  1  to  14  lines  long .     -4.  P.varia. 

Spikes  dcnse,  cylindrical,   4  to  1  in.  long,  the  buds  closely  imbri- 

cate.     Leaves  ratber  broad,  vilbms  ou  botli  sides b.  P.  antarcticu. 

Spikcs   dense,    ovoid-oblong   or     cylindrical,    under    f  in.  long. 

l.eaves  usually  broad  and  rather  thick.       Flowcrs   glabrous. 

Corolia-lobes  narrow 6.  i'.  tasmcmica. 

Ovary  2-ccllcd,  w-ith  2  superposed   pairs  of  ovules  in   each  cell. 

Dwaif  alpine  plants  with  tbick  leaves,  the  flowers  in  heads  of 

2  to  6  or  solitary. 
liCavcs  4  to  14  in.  long.,  rosulate  on  a  short  thick  stock     .     .     .     7.  P.  Brownii. 
Leaves  not  above  \  in.  long,  the  fresh  ones  rosulate  at  tbe  ends 

of  the  slender  branches  of  a  densely  tufted  stock  covered  with 

the  remains  of  old  leaves 8.  P.  Gunnii. 

Besides  the  above,  P.  major,  Linn. ;  Dcne.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  i.  694,  a  common 
European  weed,  with  broadly-ovate  large  lcaves,  long  cyliudrical  spikes,  and  the  ovary 
2celled,  with  nsiially  more  than  2  superposed  pairs  of  ovulcs  in  each  cell,  has  esta- 
blislied  itsclf  between  Bridgcwater  and  New  Norfolk  in  Tasmania  {Herb.  F.  Mueller). 

1.  P.  lanceolata,  JJnn.;  Dcnc.  in  DC.  Prud.  xiii.  i.  714.  Stock 
usuully  luore  or  less  woolly  or  silky-huirv.  Leaves  radical,  lanceolate 
or  oljloiio--lauceolate,  acute,  entire  or  luiuutely  and  obscurely  toothed, 
coutracted  at  the  base,  niore  or  less  hairy  or  i>-labrous.  Scapes  long-. 
Flowers  iu  a  close  deuse  ovate  spike  or  head,  ofteu  becoutiug-  oljloug-  when 
old.  Lower  sepals  usually  uuited  ahuost  to  the  top.  Uvary  iJ-celled 
with  only  oue  ovule  in  each  cell. 

Very  common  iii  Kuropc  and  tcmperate  Asia  and  now  established  in  many  parts  of 
Victoria  and  Tasmania. 

Var.  eriophi/lla,  Dcne.  l.c.  715.  Leavcs  aud  sometimes  the  inflorescence  more  or 
lcss  densely  covered  witli  long  silky-woolly  hairs. 

Victoria.  Yarra-Yarra  and  Forest  Creek,  F.  Mueller ;  heath  ground  near  Porth^^nd, 
Barchii/. 

2.  P.  coronopus,  Linti. ;  Dcnr.  iii  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  i.  73*2.  Plaut 
more  or  less  hirsute.  Leaves  radical,  liuear,  acute,  entire  or  piuuatifid 
with  liuear  lobos,  which  are  themselves  sometimes  deeply  toothed  or 
])iuiKititid.  k5ca})es  usually  uuder  0  iu.  loug-.  Spikes  deuse  and  cylin- 
drical  but  narrow,  ^  to  2  iu.  long-,  the  llowers  closely  imbricate  when 


J'/(nif(t//0.]  XCIV.     }'LA\TA(iI\F..T:.  l-)'.' 

(Irv,  the  '2  upper  sop:ils  witli  itroniiuont  soarious  usually  ciliate  keels  or 
wiujivs.  Ovarv  ap})arently  -i-celled  witli  one  ovule  iu  eacL  cell,  but 
really  !?-oolleil  only,  witli  a  spurious  dissepiment  between  the  two  col- 
lateral  ovules  reacliiui>-  to  but  not  coliering-  watli  tlie  wall  of  the  cell, 
the  capsule  often  only  1-  or  i?-seeded  by  abortiou. 

Victoria.     Portlaiid,  Allitt. 

Tasmania.     lioailsides,  Geovge  Town,  Pertli,  &<•.,  Gunn  and  others. 

S.  Australia.     Holdlast  Bay,  F.  Jlucller. 

W.  Australia.     iSwau  river,  Drummond,  n.  225. 

^er}'  cominou  in  temperate  regioos  of"  the  nortliern  hemisphere  in  the  Old  World, 
especially  in  niaritime  or  in  sandy  districts,  and  theiice  probably  iutroduced  into 
Australi.i. 

•5.  P.  debilis,  7)'.  Br.  Prod.4:'25.  Yeryuear  P.  ?•«/•/«,  and  accordinji,- 
to  F.  Mueller  ouly  a  variety  of  that  species.  Stock  without  any  or  with 
onlv  a  fow  long-  woolly  hairs  between  the  leaves,  the  foliage  and  inllo- 
rescence  hirsute  or  nearly  «•labrous.  Leaves  radical,  oblong'  or 
lauceolate,  entire  or  toothed,  usually  broader  and  shorter  than  in  F. 
varia.  Scapes  very  slender,  from  2  or  3  in.  to  1  ft.  high,  the  flowers 
all  distant  w^Iien  fully  out,  and  much  smaller  than  in  F.  v/iria,  forming 
a  slender  interrupted  spike  ofteu  occupying^  above  half  the  scape. 
Calyx  uot  exceeding'  |  line  wdien  in  fruit  and  still  smaller  at  the  time 
of  floAvering-,  the  opaque  centre  of  the  sepals  with  a  few  appressed  hairs 
or  more  frequeutly  g^labrous.  Ovar}-  2-ceIIed,  with  2  collateral  ovules 
in  each  cell.  Ca})sule  with  4  or  fewer  seeds. — Dcne.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  i. 
701. 

Queensland.  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  F.  Mueller,  C.  Stuart;  ArmaJilla, 
liartjn. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Blue  Mouutains,  R.  Brown,  WooUs;  New  Eugland,  C.  Stuart; 
Hastings,  Ciarence,  and  Macleay  rivers,  Beckler. 

Victoria.     Taralgin  Creek  and  Hobson's  Creek,  F.  Mueller. 

P.  Cunningliamii,  Dcne.  iu  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  i.  702,  from  a  single  leaf  preserved  in  the 
Hdokeriaii  herbarium,  is  probably  this  species  ;  Cnuningiiam's  original  specimen  appeara 
to  have  remaiued  in  the  herbarium  of  the  Paris  Museum. 

4.  P.  varia,  P.  Br.  Prod.  424.  A  perennial  often  flowering-  the 
lirst  year  so  as  to  appear  annual,  but  forming"  ultimately  a  thick  stook 
with  the  membranous  dilated  imbrioate  bases  of  the  leaves  enveloped 
in  long-  reddish  brown  woolly  or  silky  hairs  sometimes  verv  copious, 
in  other  specimens  very  few  or  scarcely  any.  Leaves  all  radical,  erect 
or  rosulate,  usuallv  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceol-ate,  entire  or  bordered 
by  a  few  teeth,  with  1,  3  or  5  nerves  prominent  underneath,  contracted 
into  a  long-  petiole,  more  or  less  hirsute,  the  whole  leaf  under  2  in.  iu 
some  specimens,  6  in.  to  1  ft.  long'  in  others  and  varying"  occasionally 
but  rarely  to  ovate-lanceolate,  more  frecpiently  to  linear.  Scapes  long-er 
thau  the  leaves,  bearing-  in  the  upper  portion  a  rather  dense  or  more 
or  less  interrupted  spike  from  1  to  3  or  4  in.  long',  more  or  less 
hirsute,  with  short  or  long^  hairs  more  appressed  thau  on  the  leaves  ; 
in  starved  specimens  grown  in  very  dry  places,  the  spikes  are  sometimes 
reduced  to  very  few^  or  even  only  2  or  3  flowers  clustered  at  the  end  of 
a  short  scape.     Calyx  sessile  within  a  bract  rather  shorter  aud  narrower 


1-10  XCIV.    l>LANTAGlM-..i:.  \l'lant(U/o. 

tliau  tlie  sepals  aiul  iiot  at  all  or  very  uarrowly  scarious  ou  the  iuargiii.s. 
iSenals  all  tree,  1;^  to  li  liues  loug-,  obtuse  with  broad  scarious  uiargius, 
the  ceutre  ojiacjue,  from  copiously  hirsute  to  quite  g4abrous.  Corolhi- 
tube  about  as  loug-  as  tlie  calyx,  lobes  ovate,  usually  broad,  acute  or 
ahuost  obtuse,  much  imbricate  in  the  bud,  oue  entirely  outside  aud  tlie 
opposite  one  entirely  inside.  Ovary  :2-celled  with  2  collateral  ovules  in 
each  cell.  Capsule  shortly  conical  at  the  top  or  obtuse,  circumsciss, 
ripening'  all  four  seeds  or  sometimes  only  one  or  two  of  them. — Dcne. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  i.  701 ;  Kees  in  Pl^  Preiss.  i.  490  ;  Hook.  f.  Fl. 
Tasm.  i.  302  ;  F.  deMlis,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  491,  not  of  R.  Br. 

Queensland.     In  the  iiiterior,  Mitchell. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Chieliy  iu  the  interior,  Morley's  pLains,  A.  Cunningham ;  Darling 
river,  Woolls ;  Luchlan  and  Darling  rivers  to  the  13arrier  Range,  Victorian  and  othcr 
JHxpeditions ;  northward  to  Clarence  river  anJ  Mount  Mitchell,  Beckler ;  New  EnglanJ, 
C.  Stuart. 

Victoria.  1'ort  PhilHp,  R.  Brovm ;  Wendu  Vale,  Robertson;  near  Melbourne, 
Adamson;  theiice  to  the  Avoca,  Murray,  and  Ovens  rivers,  F.  Mueller ;  Wimmera, 
Dullachji. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalryniple  aud  Derwent  rlver,  B.  Brown ;  abundant  everywhere 
in  the  colony,  J.  D.  Hoohtr. 

S.  Australia.  Murrav  river  to  St.  Vincent's  and  Spencer's  Gulfs,  F.  Jlueller  and 
others;  in  the  interi  .r  to  Cooper's  Creek,   Wheeler;  Kangaroo  island,   Waterhouse. 

V^.  Australia.  King  CTeorge"8  Sound  to  Swan  river,  Drammond,  n.  224,  '6\)3,  714, 
738,  Freiss,  n.  1968,  1970,  OlJjield  and  others ,  Murchison  river,  Oldjidd. 

The  variations  of  this  pulyruorphons  species  are  so  complicated  that  I  have  been  un- 
able  to  assigii  theni  any  dehnite  limits  as  to  characters  or  to  geographical  range,  and  it 
•would  appear  that  no  less  than  ten  of  the  supposed  species  enumerated  by  Decaisne 
should  be  inchidcd  in  it,  the  characters  derived  from  supposed  duration,  frum  minutitie 
in  the  form  and  liairiness  of  the  sepals  and  bracts,  and  Irom  the  breadth  and  acuteness 
of  the  coroiLi-h)bes  having  entirely  broken  down.  The  typical  F.  varia  has  the  woolly 
hairs  at  the  base  of  the  ieaves  copious,  the  sepals  not  very  obtuse  and  hisi.id  on  the 
opaque  centre  and  extends  over  the  whole  range  of  the  species.  It  would  iuclude  Nees's 
F.  debilis  or  F.  exilis,  Dcne.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  i.  702,  F.  runcinata,  Dcne.  l.c.  702  and 
F.  corisanrpiinea  Dcne.  l.c.  703. 

F.  hispida  of  most  authors,  but  scarcely  of  Brown,  has  the  long  hairs  or  so-called 
beard  at  tlie  base  of  tlie  lcaves  few  or  none,  the  sepals  broad  and  obtuse,  quite  glabrous 
or  slightly  hispid  on  the  opaque  centre.  It  is  also  fouud  at  ahi  ost  all  the  habitats  of 
the  typieal  form  and  wnuld  include  F.  Mitchelli  and  F.  Drummondii,  Dcne.  l.c.  701, 
and  also,  from  the  character  eiven,  F.  Gaudichaudii,  Barn.  Monogr.  Plantag.  15;  Dcne. 
l.c.  702. 

F.  struthiovis,  A.  Cunn. ;  Dcne.  l.c.  702,  and  F.  sericophylla,  Dcne.  l.c.  702,  both 
founded  on  indifferent  N.  S.  Wales  specimens  of  Cunningham's,  appear  to  be  luxuriant 
states  of  tlie  species,  with  the  glabrous  or  slightiy  hispid  sepals  of  the  preceding  form, 
but  with  rather  more  woolly  hair  at  the  base  of  the  leaves  and  tlie  leaves  and  scapes 
drawn  out  to  nearly  1  ft.  in  length,  the  leaves  of  F.  struthionis  being  rather  broader  than 
in  P.  s^ricophylla. 

Starved  specimens  of  both  the  above  principal  forms  occur,  especially  in  Victorian  and 
Tasnianian  coiiections,  witli  the  f-pikes  reduced  to  very  few  ilowers  almost  collected  inlo 
heads,  but  not  so  compact  as  in  F.  tasmanva  and  u.sually  with  the  appearance  of 
annuals.  It  is  probably  to  one  of  these  that  belongs  the  F.  bellidioides,  Dcne.  l.c.  701, 
descriljed  from  a  Tasmaniau  specimen  of  Gunn's,  but  which  I  have  uot  prccisely  ideu- 
tified. 

F.  hispida,  R.  Br.  Prod.  425,  from  tlie  seacoast,  Port  Dalrymple,  is  a  small  very 
his])id  forni  witli  the  narrow  hispid  calyxes  of  tlie  typical  form  but  witb  rather  smaller 
flowirs  aiid  wiihout  the  long  woolly  hairs  at  the  base  of  the  leaves.  It  passes  into  tho 
following : — 


riuntaf/o.]  xciv.   it.antaiu  .VK.E.  141 

Ynr. ?  parrijlora.  Sniallir  iii  all  i(s  parts  tiian  P.  rari'a,  biit  otherwise  closely  re- 
sembling  tlie  typical  forni  with  narrow  ieaves  and  iiirsute  fiowers.  Spiices  cylindrical, 
ratber  dent-e  or  loose,  i  to  1  in.  long  or  rathcr  moro.  SepaJs  rather  ab  ive  1  linu  long, 
the  opaqiie  centre  usually  liirsute.  Capsnie  witii  a  conical  end  exceeding  the  calyx  and 
ionger  than  in  other  varieties  of  this  species. — N.  S.  Wales  and  more  frequently  in  Vic- 
toria,  also  Kangaroo  i.sland.  E.  Brown. — Perhaps  a  distinct  specics  and  in  some  measure 
connecting  P.  varia  witli  P.  debilis. 

It  is  very  possible  tlial  the  stndy  of  ihe  different  forms  thus  included  in  P.  varia  on 
tlie  living  plants  by  local  botanists,  who  wonld  bestow  on  them  tbe  tinie  and  patience 
that  lias  been  ilevoted  to  European  Riibi,  Batracldan  Banunculi,  &c.,  might  point  ont 
several  permanent  races,  of  which  dried  speciniens  without  indication  of  the  circum- 
stances  of  their  grow-th  give  no  indication. 

5.  P.  antarctica,  Doir.  in  I)C.  Prod.  xiii.  i.  703  ?  Hook.f.  Fl.  Tasm. 
i.  303.  Stock  usually  ■\voolly-hairy  at  tlie  base  of  the  leaves.  Leaves 
radical,  broadly  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  with 
broad  petioles,  villous  on  both  sides  like  the  villous  specimens  of  P. 
tasmanica,  but  usually  larg-er.  Spikes  dense  and  cylindrical  althoug-h 
narrower  than  in  P.  tasmanica,  |  to  above  1  in.  long',  the  buds  very 
closely  imbricate  in  several  rows,  Bracts  and  sepals  cpiite  glabrous  or 
rarely  with  a  few  marginal  cilia. 

Victoria.     Cobra  niountains,  F.  Mucller  (rather  donbtful). 

Tasmania.     Marsbes  of  St.  Patrick's  river,  Gunn;  South  Esk  river,  O.  Stuart. 

I  bave  seen  but  very  few  specimens,  and  with  J.  D.  Hooker  do  not  feel  certain  of 
thiir  correct  identification  with  Verreaux's  Tasmanian  plant  described  by  Decaisne. 
Tbe  flowers  are  smaller  and  the  spikes  niore  dense  tban  in  P.  varia,  the  Ibliage  is  nearer 
that  of  P.  tasmanica,  and  it  appears  to  differ  from  both  in  the  close  imbricaiion  of  the 
buds  before  expanding. 

6.  P.  tasmanica,  Hook.f.  in  Hook.  Lond.  Journ.  vi.  276,  and  Fl.  Tasni. 
i.  303.  A  small  alpine  species.  Leaves  radical,  rosulate,  oblong-  or 
oblong'-lanceolate  or  sometimes  almost  obovate,  more  rarely  narrow- 
lanceolate,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  entire  or  rarely  coarsely 
toothed,  usually  of  a  thick  consistence,  from  densely  hoarj-hirsute  on 
botli  sides  to  Cjuite  glabrous.  Scapes  short,  rarely  attaining'  6  in.,  with 
a  dense  ovoid  oblong-  or  cylindrical  spike,  rarely  f  in.  long",  and  some- 
times  reduced  to  2  or  3  flowers,  g'labrous  or  intermixed  with  a  few  hairs. 
Sepals  g-labrous,  about  1  line  long-,  with  less  of  the  scarious  marg-in  than 
in  P.  varia.  Corolla-lobes  narrower  than  in  that  species  and  more 
acute.  Ovary  2-celled  with  two  collateral  ovules  in  each  cell. — Dcne.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiii.  i.  703 ;  P.  glahrata,  Hook.  f.  in  Hook.  Lond.  Journ.  vi. 
276,  Dcne.  l.c,  703;  P.  leptostachys,  Hook.  f.  l.c.  (P.  Daltoni,  Dcne.  l.c.) 

Victoria.      Munyong  mountains,   sources  of  the   Yarra,   Baw-baw  mountains,  F. 

3fueUer. 

Tasmania.  Abundant  in  wet  marsby  places  on  tbe  mountains  at  an  elevation  of 
3000  to  4000  ft.,  /.  D.  Hool-er,  Gunn,  ililligan  and  others. 

P.  Archeri,  Hook.  f.  Fl.Tasm  i.  303,  from  the  Western  mountains,  Tasmania,  Archer, 
and  from  the  summit  of  Mount  Wellington,  F.  Murller,  seems  to  be  a  sinall  state  of  tbe 
same  species  with  more  obovate  leaves.  F.  Mueller  thinks  that  P.  iasmanica  itseli  is 
only  an  alpine  form  of  P.  varia. 

7.  P.  Brownii,  Bapin  in  Mem.  Soc.  Linn.  Par.  vi.  484.  A  small 
plant,  with  a  densely  tufted  stock,  woolly  amongst  the  leaves  or  quite 
g-labrous.     Leaves  radical,  rosulate,  thick,  somewhat  fleshy,  and  of  a 


142  xciv.  plaxtaoine;ij.  [Phudafio. 


l)rii;-lit  sliinin"-  gTcen  when  fresh,  ol)long--lanceolate  or  tipathulate,  entire 
or  with  a  few  teeth,  cjuite  g-labrous.'  Scapes  sometiraes  scarcely  any, 
often  shorter  than  the  leaves  but  sometimes  long-er,  g-labrous  as  well  as 
the  Howers.  Flowers  only  2  to  4  rarely  as  many  as  6  in  small  terminal 
ppikes  or  heads,  and  sometimes  reduced  to  a  sing'le  one,  each  Hower 
about  the  size  of  those  of  P.  varia.  8epals  obtuse,  without  much  of  the 
scarious  margin,  l^  lines  long-  or  rather  more.  Corolla-lobes  usually 
rather  narrow.  Ovary  2-celled  with  2  superposed  pairs  of  ovules  in 
each  cell,  but  often  few  of  them  onlv  ripening-  into  seeds. — Dcne.  in 
])C.  Prod.  xiii.  i.  7'27  ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  304;  P.  camosa,  R.  Br. 
Prod.  425 ;  not  of  Lam. ;  P.  stdlaris,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  ii.  23,  Pl. 
Vict.  ii.  t.  OG. 

Victoria.     Summits  of  the  Mimyong  Mountains,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Port  de  1'Esperance,  E.  Broum ;  South  Cape,  Gunn;  South  Port, 
C.  Stttart ;  Macquarrie  Harbour,  Milligan. 

The  species  is  also  in  New  Zealand  aud  in  the  Auckland  islands,  and  niay  Le  the 
Rame  as  one  or  raore  of  the  antarctic  American  ones  referred  to  the  same  section  by 
Decaisne. 

P.  paradoxa,  Hook.  f.  in  Hook.  Lond.  Journ.  vi.  277  and  Fi.  Tasm.  i.  304,  from  Lake 
St.  Clair,  Gunn,  Mersey  river,  Archer,  Kermandee  river,  Oldjiehl,  Mount  Lapeyrouse, 
O.  Stuart,  seems  to  me  to  be  a  small  state  of  P.  Brownii  reduced  to  1  or  2  flowcis  on 
tlie  scape  as  in  P.  Gunnii,  but  witli  the  foliage  and  stock  of  the  small  specimens  of  P. 
Brownii.  The  spccimens  before  me  from  C.  Stuart's  collection  show  a  gradual  series 
from  the  small  1-tiowered  to  tlie  largest  4-  to  6-flowered  states.  Brown's  own  speci- 
mcus  have  mostly  only  1  or  2  flowers. 

8.  P.  Gunnii,  Hooli.f.  in  Hooli.  Lond.  Journ.  v.  446,  t.  13,  and  Fl. 
Tasm.  i.  304.  A  small  densely  tufted  almost  moss-like  plant,  the  stems 
closely  packed  but  slender,  branching-  and  growing-  to  1  in.  or  more, 
covered  with  thin  persistent  remains  of  old  leaves  and  ending-  in  a  spread- 
ing-  tuft  of  fresh  ones.  Leaves  from  narroAv  ovate-oblong'  to  linear- 
lanceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  rather  thick, 
with  ciliate  margins  and  sometimes  a  few  hairs  on  the  upper  surface, 
otherwise  g-labrous  and  smooth,  rarely  exceeding-  3  lines.  Peduncles 
shortly  exceeding-  the  leaves,  more  or  less  hairy,  bearing-  1  or  rarely  2 
smali  llowers.  Sepals  g-labrous.  Ovary  2-celled  with  2  superposed 
j)airs  of  ovules  in  each  cell,  but  usually  only  one  appears  to  ripcn. — 
Dcne.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  i.  728. 

Tasmania.     Loftiest  parts  of  the  Wcstcru  JMountaius,  Gunn,  Archer. 


Order  XCV.   PHYTOLACCACE^. 

Perianth  of  o  rarely  4  divisions  or  lobes,  either  all  herbaceous, 
or  scarious  or  petal-like  on  the  marg-ins  or  coloured  inside,  imbri- 
cate  in  the  bud.  Staminodia  (or  petals  ?)  in  a  few  g-enera  not  Austra- 
lian  5  or  fewer,  minute  and  stipitate.  Stamens  as  many  as  periantli- 
divisions  and  alternate  with  them  or  more  numerous,  inserted  on  the 
Torus  or  at  the  base  of  the  perianth  ;  anthers  2-celled,  the  cells  parallel, 
opening  l>y  long-itudinal  slits.     Ovary  either  of  a  sing-le  somev,-hat  ex- 


XCV.    PHYTOLACCACEiE.  143 

centrieal  carpel,  or  of  soveral  carpels  eitlier  distiuct  or  uuited  in  a  ring- 
round  the  centre  of  the  torus  or,  in  a  g-enus  not  Australian,  forming-  a 
sinLile  1-celled  ovary  with  the  ovules  in  a  ring;  round  a  central  cohimn. 
Ovuh^s  sohtary  in  each  carpel,  ascending-,  ampliitropous  or  anatropous. 
tStyles  as  many  as  carpels,  proceeding-  from  their  upper  inner  ang'le, 
free  or  united  at  the  hase,  stigmatic  ahjng-  their  inner  edg-e.  Carpels 
of  the  fruit  variously  enhirg-ed,  free  or  united,  dry  or  succulent,  iude- 
Iiiscent  or  dehiscent  along-  their  inner  or  outer  edg-e  or  hoth.  Seed 
asceading',  sometimes  accompanied  hy  a  small  arilhis  or  strophiole ; 
testa  memhranous  or  crustaceous.  Albiunen  mealy  or  somewhat  tleshy, 
copious,  scanty,  or  sometimes  none.  Embryo  usually  much  curveU, 
rarely  folded  or  straig'ht ;  cotyledons  narrow  or  broad  and  convohite ; 
radicle  inferior. — Herbs,  undershrubs,  or  rareh^  shrubs  or  trees,  usually 
g'labrous.  Leaves  alternate,.  usually  entire.  Flowers  hermaphrodite 
or  unisexual,  in  terminal  axillary  or  leaf-opposed  spikes  racemes  or 
clusters,  rarely  solitary,  usually  accompanied  by  a  subtending-  bract  and 
2  hracteoles. 

The  OrJer  is  cliiefly  American  and  AfricaTi,  a  very  few  specics  exteiidinp  into  Asia, 
as  weeds  of  cultivation  or  otlierwise  introiluced.  Tlie  Australian  genera  are  all  endeniic, 
one  of  them  nearly  allicd  to,  but  quite  distinct  from.  an  American  genus,  the  others 
lielonging  to  a  series  (nrgenus  in  an  extended  sense)  exelu.sively  Australian.  All  liave 
nnisexual  flowers,  whilst  those  of  the  American  and  AtVican  genera  are,  with  the  escep- 
tion  of  a  single  species,  hermaphrodite. 

Ovary   of  a    single    carpel.     Fruit   a  burr  witli   liooked  bristles. 

Flowers  unisexual.     Filaments  filiform 1.  Monococcus. 

Ovary  of  several  carpels  united  in  a  ring.  Fruit  succuient.  Flowers 

hermaphrodite *    Phytolacca. 

Ovary  of  2  or  more  carpels  united  round  a  central  coluran.  Flokvers 
unisexual.     Antliers  sessile  or  nearly  so. 
Perianth  deeply  4-lobed.     Carpels  2.     Flowers  axillary    ...     2.  Didymotheca. 
Perianth  sinuate-toothed.     Carpels  .'^everal. 

Carpels  4  to  20,  separating  at  their  maturity,  and  Dpening  at 
the  outer  edge  or  at  both  outer  and  inner  edges.     FIowi.ts 

axillary 3.  Gtro,stemox. 

Carpels  from  above  20  to  50,  separating  at  their  maturity  and 
opening  on  the  inner   edge    ouly.     Flowers   in    .sjjikes   or 

racemes 4.  Codonocakpls. 

Carpels  about  20,  connate  in  a  globular  almost  woody  inde- 
hiscent  fruit.  Maie  flowers  in  ternn'ual  spikes  ;  females 
solitary  and  axillary 5.  Tkksoma. 

Tlie  niale  plants  in  sorae  spccies  of  each  of  the  last  four  gcnera  are  undistinguishaMe 
from  each  other  except  by  slight  differences  in  the  inflorescence. 

The  gcTius  Phi/iolacccr,  marked  above  with  an  asterisk*  is  American,  but  one 
species,  P.  octandra,  Liiin.  ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  32,  long  sinee  cultivated  in 
various  parts  of  the  Old  AVorld,  has  established  itself  in  some  parts  of  N.  S.  ^Vales  and 
Victoria  near  the  towns.  It  is  erect  and  herbaceous,  attaining  6  to  10  ft.  and  not  nuicli 
branched,  with  large  ovate-laneeolate  acute  leaves.  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  almost 
sessile  in  peduneulate  racemes,  either  terminal  or  almost  leaf-opposed.  Perianth  small, 
of  5  divisions.  Stamens  usually  8.  Carpels  usually  8,  nnited  in  the  fruit  in  a  de- 
pressed  succulent  almost  black  berry  more  or  less  prominently  8  ribbed.  The  flowers 
are  occasionally  9-  or  lO-iner.ins  and  then  they  ouly  difler  trom  P.  clecandra^^Lmn., 
which  is  more  frequently  cultivated  in  Southern  Europe,  in  the  sessile  or  exceedingly 
shorlly  pedicellate  flowers. 


141  XCV.     PflYTOLACCACE^.  [MoiWCOCCUS. 


1.  MONOCOCCUS,  F.  Muell. 

Flowers  iinisexual,  monoecious  or  dicecious.  Perianth  of  4  distinct 
divisions.  Stamens  in  the  males  10  to  20,  filaments  filiform ;  antliers 
oblong'-Unear.  Ovary  in  the  females  of  a  sing-le  carpel ;  style  very  short, 
liookeil,  and  decurrent  in  a  bearded  line  along-  the  inner  edg-e  of  the 
carpel.  Fruit  dry,  indehiscent,  covered  with  hooked  bristles.  Seed 
with  a  thin  testa  ;  albumen  unilateral ;  embryo  transversely  fohled,  the 
cotyledons  broad  and  convolute. — Shrul).  Leaves  membranous.  Flowers 
in  racemes  either  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  the  males  usually  in 
separate  racemes  or  on  separate  individuals,  but  sometimes  a  few 
females  at  the  base  of  the  male  racemes  or  a  few  males  at  the  summit  of 
the  female  racemes. 

The  single  species  known  is  emleniic  in  Australia.  It  is  in  habit  and  most  of  the 
characters  nearly  allied  to  the  American  genus  Petiveria,  differiiig  in  the  unisexual 
flowers,  the  more  nunierotis  stamens  and  the  glnchidiate  bristles  of  llie  ovary  and  fruit 
nunierous  and  spreading,  instead  of  being  2  or  3  only  and  closely  reflexed. 

1.  M.  echinophorus,  F.  Mudl.  Fracjm.  i.  47.  A  strag-gling-  shrub, 
sometimes  more  erect  and  attaining-  5  or  0  ft.  Leaves  petiohite,  from 
ovate  to  hmceolate,  obtusely  acuminate,  contracted  at  the  base,  mem- 
branous,  2  to  4  in.  long-.  Racemes  slender,  often  5  or  G  in.  long-. 
Flowers  rather  distant,  shortly  pedicellate,  each  within  a  hinceolate 
acute  bract  shorter  than  the  calyx  and  often  shortly  adnate  to  the  base 
of  the  pedicel.  Bracteoles  2,  small,  close  under  the  perianth.  Divi- 
sions  of  the  perianth  membranous,  very  thin,  about  1  line  long',  obtuse. 
Fihiments  rather  shorter  than  the  anthers,  often  connate  at  the  base  in 
a  short  cohmin  when  there  is  no  rudiment  of  the  ovary,  rarely  free 
round  a  rudimentary  or  imperfect  ovary.  Female  llowers  usually  with- 
out  stamina  or  staminodia.  Ovary  of  a  sing'le  oblique  carpel,  the 
straig-ht  inner  (stig-matic  ?)  edg-e  densely  bearded  and  terminating-  in  a 
small  hooked  style,  the  back  and  sides  of  the  carpel  echinate  with  rig'id 
hooked  bristles.  Fruiting-  carpel  about  2  lines  long*  without  the  loug- 
hooked  bristles  with  wliich  it  is  covered,  forming-  an  adhesive  burr. 

Queensland.  Port  Denison,  Fitzalan  ;  Edgecnmbe  Bay,  Dallachy ;  Broad  Sound, 
Boinnan  ;  Kockhanipton,  Thozet,  0' Shanesy ;  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  W.  Hill, 
F.  Mudlcr. 

N.  S.  VtTales.     Clarence  tiver,  Beckler ;  Richmond  river,  C.  Moore. 


2.  DIDYMOTHECA,  Ilook.  f. 

Flowers  (hoecious.  Perianth  small,  deeply  4-lobed.  Stamens  in  the 
malcs  about  8  or  9,  the  anthers  oblong-,  nearly  sessile,  radiating-  in  a 
single  series  round  a  flat  central  disk.  Ovary  in  the  females  of  2  car- 
pels  adnate  along-  the  inner  edge  to  a  centre  column,  not  at  all  or  scarcely 
dilated  at  the  top.  Styles  or  stig-mas  linear,  proceeding-  from  the  summit 
of  the  central  column.     Fruiting-  carpels  scarcely  separating-  from  the 


Bidynwthcca.]  xcv.  PHYTOLACCACEiE.  145 

axis,  dry,  opcning-  in  2  valves  along-  the  outer  edg-e.  Seeds  with  a 
crustaceous  testa  iind  a  snr.dl  membi'anous  arillus  or  strophiole.  Embryo 
curved  round  a  contral  albumen. — Erect  herb.  Leaves  linear.  Flowers 
small,  all  axiUary  and  nearly  sessile,  with  2  bracteoles  under  the 
perianth. 

The  single  species  is  enclemic  in  Australia.  The  male  indiviiluals  would  be  generi- 
cally  undistingaishidile  froni  Gi/rosfcmoii,  but  for  Ihe  more  deeply  lobud  calyx,  which 
in  tlie  females  is  acconipanied  by  the  reduction  of  tlie  carpels  to  two,  the  hcrbaceous 
habit  giviiig  the  plant  moreover  a  sufficiently  distiuct  facies  to  justify  its  retention  as  a 
Separate  genus. 

1.  D.  thesioides,  Ilooh.f.  in  Ilooh.  Lond.  Journ.  vi.  279,  and  FI.  Tusm. 
i.  309,  t.  98.  Stems  erect,  often  hard  at  the  base  with  rather  slender  vir- 
g"ate  branches,  from  under  1  ft.  to  nearly  2  ft.  high,  g-labrous  and  smooth 
or  shg-htly  scabrous  with  minute  papillae.  Leaves  linear,  the  lower  ones 
sometimes  rather  broad  and  flat,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  and  narrowed  into  a  short 
petiole,  the  upper  ones  narrower  smaller  and  sessile,  and  sometimes 
nearh'  all  very  uarrow  and  almost  terete  or  fihform,  the  floral  ones  often 
not  |-  iu.  long-.  Flowers  very  small  and  ahuost  sessile  in  the  upper 
axils,  all  turned  to  one  side  and  sHghtly  nodding-,  Avith  a  ])air  of  minute 
bracteoles  under  the  perianth.  Perianth  not  ^  hne  loug-,  unequally 
divided  nearly  to  the  base  into  4  segments  varying-  much  in  breadth. 
Anthers  nearly  1  line  long-.  Fruit  l^  to  2  lines  broad,  the  central  axis 
not  1  hne  long-,  emarginate  between  the  carpels,  the  styles  often  per- 
sistent  in  the  notch  and  arched  over  the  carpels. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiii.  ii.  37  j  D.  Drumnwndii,  Moq.  l.c.j  D.  vcromciformis,  F.  Muell.  in 
Linufea,  xxv.  438. 

Tasmania.     Near  Launceston,  iawrence ;  llinders  island,  Gunn,  Milligan. 
S.  Australia.     Port  Lincoln,  Dombey  Bay,  Wilhehni. 

W.  Australia,  Drummoncl,  n.  216,  Preiss,  n.  1226  (referred  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  397 
doubtfuliy  to  EuplwrhiaceoE.) ;  Kiug  George's  Sound,  F.  Jlucller. 

3.  GYROSTEMON,  Desf. 

(Cyclotheca,  jiloq.) 

Flowers  dioecious.  Perianth  very  open  under  the  fruit,  very  shortly 
and  obtusely  or  obscurely  sinuate-tootlied.  Stamens  in  the  males 
either  8  to  12  radiating-  in  a  sing-le  series  round  a  central  disk  or 
numerous  covering"  the  whole  disk,  the  anthers  oblong-,  nearly  sessile. 
Uvary  in  the  females  of  4  to  20  carpels,  more  or  less  connate  in  a  ring' 
round  a  central  cohimn  slightly  or  scarcely  dilated  at  the  top.  Styles 
or  stigmas  ft-om  ovate  to  Hnear,  free  or  shg-htly  connected  in  a  ring- 
round  the  summit  of  the  central  cokimn,  persistent  or  more  frequently 
deciduous.  Fruiting*  carpels  separating-  from  each  other  and  li-om  the 
axis,  opening"  usually  in  2  valves  both  along'  the  outer  and  the  inner 
edg-e. —  Shrubs  (except  G.  hrachystifjma?).  Leaves  hnear.  Flowers 
axillarj',  sessile  or  on  short  recurved  pedicels,  with  2  bracteoles  usually 
very  small  under  the  perianth. 

The  genus  is  limitcd  to  Australia. 
VOL.  V.  L 


146  xcv.  PHYTOLACCACE^.  [Gyrostemon. 

riowers  sessile.     Ovarj  of  4  to  10  cai-pels.     Styles  short  ovate. 

Fruit  small,  much  dcpresscd.  Leaves  few,  distant  .  .  .  .  \.  G.  hrachystujma. 
Flowers  sossile.    Ovary  of  8  to  15  carpels.    Styles  linear.    Fruit 

nearly  globular.     Stamens  8  to  12  in  a  siiigle  ring    ....     2.   G.  cydotheca. 
Flowers  sliortiy  pedicellate.     Ovary  of  15  to  above  20  carpels. 

Styies  shortly  linear.      Fruit  obovoid  or  pear-sluiped.     Sta- 

mens  30  to  50  covering  the  whole  disk 3.    G.  ramidosus. 

1.  G.  brachystigma,  F.  MuclL  Lower  part  of  tlie  stem  not  seen, 
l»ut  probubly  slinibby,  the  branches  elong-ated,  almost  rusli-hke,  with 
few  distant  Unear-terete  rather  thick  leaves,  mostly  small,  the  lower 
ones  sometimes  1  in.  long-.  Male  Howers  not  seen.  Females  sessile  in 
the  axils,  very  small,  the  open  perianth  scarcely  1  line  diameter. 
Ovary  of  4  to  10,  usually  about  6  carpels,  the  ang-les  prominent. 
Stig-mas  ovate,  flat,  round  a  somewhat  dilated  central  disk  or  summit 
of  the  cohimn.  Fruits  broadly  turbinate  or  ahnost  hemispherical,  under 
2  Hnes  diameter,  much  depressed  in  the  centre,  the  ang'les  prominent 
before  tlie  dehi.-^cence. — Amperca!  snhmida,  Nees  in  Pl.  Freiss.  ii.  2129. 

"W.  Australia,  Drummond ;  York  district,  Preiss,  n.  1233. 

2.  G.  cyclotheca,  Benth.  A  much  branched  shrub,  sometimes  low 
and  strag'g4ing-  sometimes  erect  and  attaining-  4  or  5  ft.  Leaves  narrow- 
linear  and  flat,  or  hnear-terete  slender  and  ahnost  fihform,  acute  or 
with  liooked  points,  from  ^  to  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  small,  on  very  short 
axillary  recurved  pedicels  or  quite  sessile,  the  open  perianth  aljout  1| 
lines  diameter.  Stamens  in  the  males  about  8  to  12,  in  a  sing-le  ring- 
round  the  flat  central  disk.  Carpels  in  the  females  8  to  12  or  rarely 
more ;  styles  or  stigmas  hnear,  ratlier  long-,  in  a  ring-  round  the  small 
scarcely  dihited  summit  of  the  column.  Fruit  nearly  g-lobuhir,  scarcely 
or  not  at  all  depressed  in  the  centre,  about  3  Hnes  diameter  but  rather 
variable  in  size,  the  dorsal  ang-les  of  the  carpels  very  prominent,  sepa- 
rating-  at  maturity  and  opening-  both  at  the  inner  and  outer  edg-e  as  in 
G.  ramulosus. —  Cyclotheca  Australasica,  Moq.  in  DC  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  38; 
Gyrostemon  raimdosns,  Schlecht.  in  Linnaea  xx.  632,  not  of  Desf. ;  Didy- 
motheca  pleiococca,  F.  MueU.  Ph  Vict.  i.  198,  t.  suppl.  9. 

N.  Australia?  Sturt's  Creek  near  Mount  Mueller,  F.  Mueller ;  between  Bonncy 
river  and  Mount  Morphett,  M'Douall  Stuart^s  Expedition  (in  both  cases  only  male 
specimcus  and  the  identification  unceitain). 

Victoria.  In  the  Maliee  Scrub,  from  the  Wimmera  through  the  north-western  part 
of  the  colony,  growing  especially  on  saudhiils,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.  Encounter  Bay,  Whittalcer;  Murray  river  to  St.  Vinccut's  aud 
Spcncer's  Gulfs,  Behr.,  F.  Mueller  and  others  ;  Kangaroo  island,  Waterhouse. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll. ;  Swan  and  Murchison  rivers, 
Oldfield. 

_  Notwithstanding  the  difference  in  the  staraens  which  is  so  often  of  no  more  than  spe- 
cific  valuc  in  diacious  phviits,  this  appears to  me  to  be  much nearerto  Gyrostemon ramulosus 
than  to  Didymotlieca.  The  size  and  and  in  some  rcspects  tho  shape  of  tlio  fruit  as  well 
as  the  number  of  carpels  are  often  so  similar  that  there  are  some  fruiting  specimens 
which  can  scarcely  be  distinguished  from  those  of  G.  ramidosus  but  by  the  shortness  of 
the  pedicels. 


Gi/rostemon .]  xcv.  phytolaccace^.  147 

3.  G.  ramulosus,  Dc.tf.  in  Mcm.  Jliis.  vi.  17,  t.  (5.  An  erect  bushy 
Tuiicli  branclied  shrub  of  3  to  8  ft.,  often  of  a  somewhat  ileshy  habit. 
Leaves  linear-terete,  thick  or  slender,  1  to  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  small, 
on  axiUary  rellexed  pedicels  of  2  to  4  lines.  Calyx  varving'  from  1  to 
2  lines  diameter  when  open.  Stamens  in  the  males  trom  30  to  60, 
crowded  in  several  series  covering'  the  whole  centre  of  the  tiower. 
Ovary  in  the  females  small,  nearly  hemispherical,  the  carpels  varying' 
from  about  15  to  above  20,  the  styles  linear  and  rather  long-  when 
perfect.  Fruit  obovoid  turbinate  or  more  or  less  pear-shaped,  slig-htly 
depressed  on  the  top,  with  a  small  central  disk  or  summit  of  the  column, 
round  which  the  styles  sometimes  persist  to  the  maturity  of  the  fruit, 
but  often  wear  oif  early,  the  dorsal  ang-les  of  the  carpels  prominent 
from  an  early  stag'e,  the  carpels  at  maturity  separating-  and  opening' 
more  or  less  at  the  inner  as  well  as  at  the  dorsal  ang-le. — Moq.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiii.  ii.  38. 

N.  Australia.  Bay  of  Eest,  N.  W.  coast,  A.  Cunningham;  Fincke  river, 
M'Douall  Stuarfs  Expedition. 

"W.  Australia.  Kiiig  Geors:e's  Sound,  Maxwell  (a  single  specimen  in  Herb.  F. 
Mueller) ;  near  Stirling  Eange,  F.  Mueller  ;  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll. ;  Point 
Henry  and  Murchison  river,  Oldfield ;  Sliarks  Bay  aud  Dirk  Hartog's  island,  Milne 
(originally  described  by  Desfontaines  froni  Sharks  Bay  specimens). 

I  have  presumed  that  all  the  male  specimens  wilh  the  anthers  covering  the  centre  of 
the  flower  belong  to  this  species,  but  they  vary  considerably,  and  some  lead  me  into 
doubt  whether  there  may  not  be  another  species  with  the  male  flowers  of  G.  ramulosus 
and  the  females  of  G.  cydotheca ;  the  foliage  shows  no  constant  difierence  and  the 
pedicel  of  the  flower,  both  male  and  female,  is  somewhat  variable  in  length. 

4.  CODONOCARPUS,  A.  Cunn. 
(Hymenotheca,  F.  31uell.) 

Flowers  dioecious  or  monoecious.  Perianth  very  open  under  the 
fruit,  very  shortly  and  obtusely  or  obscurely  sinuate-toothed.  Stamens 
in  the  males  10  to  20  radiating*  in  a  single  series  round  a  central  disk, 
the  anthers  oblong',  nearly  sessile.  Ovary  in  the  females  of  20  to  60 
carpels  connate  in  a  ring-  round  a  central  column  dilated  into  a  flat  disk 
at  the  top.  Styles  or  stigmas  short  or  linear,  free  or  slig-htly  connected 
in  a  ring-  round  the  terminal  disk.  Fruiting*  carpels  closely  connected 
till  near  their  maturity,  separating*  when  ripe  from  each  other  and  from 
the  central  column  and  openiug-  only  along*  their  inner  edg"e.  Seeds  of 
adjoining"  carpels  alternately  placed  near  the  top  and  below  the  top  of 
the  carpel,  each  with  a  small  membranous  aril  or  strophiole. — Tall 
shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  linear  or  broad.  Flowers  in  leafless  racemes, 
axillary  or  terminal  or  the  females  on  the  leafless  bases  of  the  year's 
shoot.     Bracteoles  usually  very  small  under  the  perianth. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia. 

Leaves  narrow-linear.     Styles  rather  long.     Carpels  30  to  40    .     .  1 .  C  pyramidalis. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  tapering  into  a  long  point.     Carpeis  40  to  50    .  2.  C.  australis. 
Leaves  obovate  to  broadly    hmceolate,  obtuse    or   shortly   pointed. 

Stvles  short,  conical.    "Carpels  about  20  to  30 3.  C.  cotinifolius. 

l2 


148  xcv.   piiYTOLACCACEJE.  \ Codonocarpvs. 

1-  C.  pyramidalis,  F.  MneU.  A  ttill  arLorescent  slinilj  of  pyrainidal 
gTOwth.  Leaves  narrow-linear,  acute,  contracted  into  a  .sliort  petiole 
or  aluiost  sessile,  2  to  8  in.  long-.  Flowers  difficious,  in  lateral  or  axil- 
lary  racenies,  tlie  male.'^  on  very"short  pedicels,  tlie  females  on  rather  long* 
ones.  Perianth  about  li  lines  diameter.  Ovary  ahnost  heniispherical, 
neariy  3  hncs  diameter,  the  central  disk  or  dihUed  summit  of  the  short 
cohimn  depressed;  carpels  from  30  to  40;  styles  or  stigmas  linear, 
rather  long'  and  recurved  over  the  margins  of  the  carpels,  Fruit  some- 
what  pear-shaped,  7  to  8  lines  long-,  6  to  7  lines  diameter  at  the  top 
and  rounded  and  not  so  much  expanded  as  in  C.  mtstralis. — Gyro.itcmon 
jjf/raiiiida/is,  F.  Muelh  in  Linntea,  xxv,  4-38;  Hijmcmthcca pijrHmidalis,  F. 
Muell.  Fragm.  i.  L'02. 

S.  Australia.     Elder's  Range,  F.  MmUer ;  in  tlic  inteiior,  M'Douall  Stuart. 

2,  C.  australis,  1.  Cunn.  Ilcrh. ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  39.  A 
tree  of  30  ft.  with  numerous  slender  flexuose  branches.  Leaves  huiceo- 
hite,  tapering-  into  a  long-  narrow  point  and  contracted  into  a  long 
petiole,  l^  t^  3  in.  long.  Flowers  not  seen.  Fruits  on  long-  pedicels 
alon"-  the  lealiess  hases  of  axillary  branches  (racemes  of  which  the  axis 
has  g-rown  out  into  a  leafy  brancli  ?).  Perianth  2  to  2|  liues  diameter, 
Fruit  turbinate,  almost  campauuhite,  7  to  8  Hnes  long-,  very  broad  at 
the  apex,  and  rather  deeply  depressed  in  the  centre,  the  disk  or  cUhited 
summit  of  the  central  column  3  to  4  Hnes  diameter ;  carpels  40  to  50, 
quite  connate  when  young-,  their  dorsal  edges  forming  promincnt  ribs 
when  approaching  maturity,  and  finally  separating-  completely,  the 
sides  then  thin  and  transparent,  empty  and  indehiscent  in  the  lower 
part,  broader  and  opening  at  the  inner  edge  in  the  upper  seed-bearing- 
])ortion,  but  in  alternate  carpels  close  to  the  top  or  a  little  above  the 
middle. — Gjrostcmon  attcnnatus,  Hook.  Bot.  Misc,  i.  244,  t.  53. 

Queensland.     Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunninf/kam,  Fraser. 

N.  S.  Wales.     lliehmond  river,  Fawcett. 

It  miist  have  been  owing  to  some  mistake  that  the  carpels  have  been  described  as 
having  3  or  4  ovules  in  each,  of  which  only  one  comes  to  maturity.  1  can  find  no  trace 
of  any  more  llian  one  in  the  youngest  fruits  on  tlie  specimena.  1  lie  second  seed 
figured  in  the  Botanical  Miscellany  evidently  belongs  to  the  adjoining  carpel.  IVo 
carpels  sometiracs  remain  unseparated  and  the  valves  are  so  thin  that  without  careful 
examiuation  thc  two  seeds  appear  to  be  in  one  carpel,  one  a  llttle  above  and  ovcrlaying 
the  other  as  represeuted  by  the  artist. 

3.  C.  cotinifolius,  F.  Mudl.  Pl.  Vict.  i.  200.  Usually  a  tall  shrub 
or  small  tree,  but  attaining  sometimes  40  ft.,  of  a  pale  or  glaucous 
g-reen.  Leaves  from  broadly  obovate  or  ovate  to  eDiptical-oblong  or 
almost  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  shortly  pointed,  contracted  into  a  ratlier 
long  petiole,  1  to  2  in.  long.  Flowers  dioecious  or  monoecious  but  usually 
the  two  sexes  in  separate  racemes  in  tlie  upper  axils,  sometimes  forming' 
a  terminal  panich%  the  males  on  very  short,  the  females  on  rather  long; 
pedicels.  Perianth  tibout  2  hnes  diameter  in  the  femak^s,  rather 
smaller  in  tlie  males.  Stamens  15  to  20.  Ovary  about  twice  as  long' 
as  the  calyx,  hroadly  turbinate,  de.pressed  in  the  centre,  consisting-  of 


Cudonocarpu^.\  xcv.   phytolaccace.e.  149 

20  to  30  or  rathor  more  carpels,  tlie  ovules  in  alternate  carpels  inserted 
near  the  top  or  abont  the  naiddle  of  the  cavity  so  as  to  give  the  appear- 
ance  of  biseriate  cells  or  carpels.  Styk>s  or  stigmas  shortly  conical  and 
soon  wearing-  otf  or  falling-  otf  in  a  ring-.  Fruit  obconical  or  obovoid, 
much  less  expandod  at  the  top  and  much  less  de])ressod  in  the  centre 
than  in  C.  austnilis,  about  5  hnes  diameter,  the  carpels  less  distinctly 
biseriate  than  when  .young-,  separating-  and  deliiscent  on  the  inner  edg-e 
as  in  C.  ausfrali^.  —  Gyrostciiioii  cotiiiijblius,  Desf.  in  Mem.  Mus.  viii.  116, 
t.  10  j  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  39;  G.  puiifjcns,  Lindl.  in  Mitch. 
Three  Exped.  ii.  121 ;    G.  acaci/eformis,  F.  Muell.  in  Linniea,  xxv.  439. 

N.  Australia.     In  the  interidr  lat.  20°,  APDouall  Sfuart's  E.vpeditton. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Lachlan,  Uarllng,  and  Murray  deserts,  Mitchell,  Victorian  and 
other  E.rpeditiom  ;  ]Mount  Murchismi,  Bonnei/. 

Victoria.     ^lallec  scrub  on  tho  Murray,  Hughan  ;   AVimmera,  Dallachy. 

S.  Australia.     FHnders  ranirc,  F.  MueUer ;  Cooper's  river,  .4.  CJ.  Gregory. 

W.  Australia,  Drumimnd,  n.  40 ;  Murchison  river,  Oldfield;  Sbarlcs  Bay 
MUne. 

5.  TERSONIA,  Moq. 

Flowers  dioecious.  Perianth  very  open  under  the  fruit,  very  shortly 
and  obtusely  or  obscurely  sinuate-toothed.  Stamens  in  the  males  8  to 
12  or  rather  more,  radiating-  in  a  singie  series  round  a  central  disk; 
anthers  oblong-,  nearly  sessile.  Ovary  of  the  females  (in  T.  brevipes) 
of  15  to  20  carpels  completoly  connate  into  a  plurilocular  fleshy  ovary 
not  ribbed  but  marked  witli  horizontal  raised  concentric  zones.  Styles 
or  stig-mas  linear,  radiating'  round  a  broad  central  disk  or  dilated 
summit  of  the  central  cohimn.  Fruit  (where  known)  depressed  gio- 
bular,  indehiscent,  ahnost  woody.  Seeds  oblong',  all  on  the  same  level, 
with  a  small  membranous  aril  or  strophiole.  Embryo  fokled.  Albu- 
men  scanty  or  none. — Ditfuse  shrubs  or  herbs.  Leaves  linear.  Flowers 
sessile  or  nearly  so,  the  males  in  terminal  racemes  or  interrupted  spikes, 
the  females  (where  known)  sohtary  in  the  axils  of  the  stem-leaves. 
Bracteoles  under  the  perianth  smalk 

The  genus  is  endemic  in  W.  Australia. 

Leaves  long,  narrow  linear 1.   T.  hrevvpes. 

Leaves  short,  discant.     Branches  ilexuose  or  twiuing 2.   T.  .mbvoluhilis. 

1.  T.  brevipes,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  40  (as  to  the  Jemale 
plaiit).  A  decumbent  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.  with  ascending*  flowering' 
branches.  Leaves  liuear  or  linear-terete,  rather  thick,  1  to  2  in.  long- 
or  even  more.  Male  flowers  all  in  terminal  leafless  spikes  or  racemes, 
the  floral  leaves  all  reduced  to  small  bracts  or  the  lower  ones  rarely 
exceeding'  the  flowers.  Anthers  radiating'  to  a  diameter  of  nearly  3 
lines  when  fully  out.  Female  flowers  all  sessile  and  solitary  iu  the 
axils  of  distant  stem-leaves.  Periauth  scarcely  l^  liues  diameter. 
Styles  or  stig'mas  nearly  2  lines  long-,  the  central  disk  bordered  within 
them  by  a  raised  un(Uikite  marg-in.  Fruit  0  to  8  Hnes  diameter,  armed 
with  raised  almost  scale-Uke  hard  tubercles  more  or  less  arraug-ed  in 


150  XCV.    IMIVTOLACCACE.E.  [Ter.<unia. 

irrofular  liorizontul  zones.  Seeds  small,  oblong". — Gyrostemon  ramu- 
losus,  Lelini.  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  243,  not  of  Desf. ;  G.  angustifoUus,  Scbnitzl. 
Ic.  Fam.  Nat.  t.  208.* 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Preiss.  n  .  1234 ;  Swau  and  Murchison  rivers, 
Oldfu  Id. 

The  male  specimens  described  by  Moquin  belong  to  Gyrostemon  ramulosiis, 
Desf. 

2.  T.  ?  subvolubilis,  Benth.  Stems  numerous,  herbaceous  diffuse 
and  flexuose,  many  of  tbem  apparently  twininp;-,  attaining'  1  ft.  and 
more,  tbe  ilowering-  brancbes  ascending-,  slig-btly  scabrous,  perbaps 
viscid  wben  fresb.  Leaves  small,  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  acute, 
contracted  at  tbe  base,  rarely  exceeding"  |  in.  and  usually  few  and 
distant.  Male  flowers  in  terminal  interrupted  spikes,  precisely  like 
tbose  of  T.  hreripes ;  females  unknown. 

VT.  Australia.     OlJfield  rivtr  and  Phillips  Eanges,  rare,  Maxwell. 

Tiiu  ftauale  flowers  and  fruits  of  this  species  being  as  yet  unknown,  the  gtinus  must 
be  in  some  measure  uncertain,  but  the  inflorescunce  of  the  males  and  their  general 
habit  agree  with  none  but  Tersonia. 

Order  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACE^. 

(Salsolacese,  3Ioq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.) 

Periantb  small,  witb  5  or  fewer  seg"ments  or  lobes,  berbaceous  or 
rarely  tbin  and  transparent  or  somewbat  scarious,  imbricate  in  tbe  bud. 
Stamens  5  or  rarely  fewer,  opposite  tbe  periantb-segments  and  usually 
inserted  at  or  near  tbeir  base  ;  antbers  2-celled,  tbe  cells  opening-  longi- 
tudinally.  Ovary  free,  1-celled,  with  a  sing-le  ovule  erect  or  suspended 
from  an  erect  funicle.  Styles  or  style-brancbes  2  or  3,  stig-matic  along- 
tbeir  wliole  inner  edg-e  or  rarely  towards  tbe  end  only.  Fruit  1-celled 
and  indebiscent,  membranous  or  succulent,  enclosed  in  or  resting-  on 
tbe  persistent  periantb  wbicb  is  sometimes  enlarg'ed  or  altered  in  form. 
Seed  sobtary,  erect  or  horizontal,  usually  orbicukir  and  flattened. 
Embryo  coiled  round  a  mealy  albumen,  or  spirally  twisted  witbout  any 
or  witb  scarcely  any  albumen. — Herbs  or  undersbrubs,  ofteu  suceulent 
and  very  frequently  boary  or  white,  especially  the  young-  parts,  witb  a 
minute  and  mealy  or  more  dense  and  scaly  tomentum,  or  in  some 
g-enera  villous  or  woolly.  Leaves  alternate  or  very  rarely  opposite, 
sometimes  none.  Stipules  none.  Flowers  small,  usually  sessile  and 
clustered,  eitber  axillary  or  in  axillary  or  terminal  dense  or  interrupted 
spikes  or  panicles,  and  often  unisexual.  Bracts  inconspicuous,  or,  in 
some  g-enera,  1  bract  and  2  bracteoles  more  or  less  conspicuous. 

A  considerable  Order,  sprcad  ovcr  the  greater  part  of  the  world,  but  most  abundant 
in  maritime  or  saline  situations  in  the  Old  Woild,  a  few  spccies,  in  identical  or  closely 
allied  fomis,  biin^'  quite  cosmopolitan.  Of  tlie  fifteen  Australian  genera  seven  have  the 
general  distribution  of  tho  Order,  the  remainiug  eight  appear  to  be  endemic. 

TinnK  1.  Chenopodiese.— ^m«c7(es  co?i<uatoMS.  Leaves  flat,  glabrous,  meali/,scaly 
or  glandular.      Tcntit  cru.staceom.     Emhrijo  curvcd  round  a  mealy  albumen. 
Perianths  equally  5-  or  4-lobed,  herbaccous,  not  nuich  enhirged  iu  fruit. 

Fruit  a  sma:i  succulcnt  berry '.     .     .     .     1.  Riiagodia. 


XCVI.    CHENOPODIACE.E.  151 

Fruit  a  diy  nut  enclosed  in  the  perianth 2.  Chexopodium. 

Peiianths  niinute  white  and  dry,  with  3  or  1  clavate  segments    .     .  3.  Dysphania. 
Male  perianths  sniall,  equally  5-  or  4lobed,  females  much  enlarged 

in  iVuit  with  2  broad  ajiprcssed  segments  enclosing  the  fruit     .     .  4.  Atkiplex. 

Tribe  2.  Camphorosmeae. — Branches  continuoxis.  Leaves  narrrow,  entire,  flat 
or  terete,  glahrous,  villous-tomentose  or  woolly.  Tesia  membranoiis.  Embryo  curved 
round  a  meahj  alhumen. 

Fruiting-periantlis  globular  or  depressed,  membranous,  herbaceous 
or  suceulent,  the  lobes  horizontally  (or  rarely  conically)  closing 
over  the  fruit.     Seed  horizontal  or  oblique. 
Fruiting-perianth  without  appendages,    succulent   or   coriaceous, 

glabrous  or  the  lobes  slightly  pubescent 5.  Exchyl^na. 

Fruiting-perianth  surrounded  by  3  to  5  distinct  or  by  1  continuous 

annular  liorizontal  wings 6.  Kochia. 

Fruiting-perianth  membrauous  or  herbaceous,  enveloped  in  wool  or 
long  hairs,  without  any  or  with  horn-lilie  or  spinescent  dorsal 

appendages 7.  Chexolea. 

Fruiting  perianth  hard,  at  least  at  the  base,  the  lobes  usually  mem- 
branous  and  withcring. 
Fruiting-perianth  with  dorsal  wings. 

Flowers  solitary.     Wings  2  or  3,  nearly  vertical.     Seed   hori- 

zontal 8.  Babbagia. 

Flowers  2  together  divaricate  and  connate  at  the  base.    Wings 

5,  horizontal.     Seed  vertical 9.  Didymanthus. 

Fruiting-perianth  without  any  or  with  spincscent  dorsal  appen- 
dages. 
Fruiting-perianth    tomentose    or  woolly,   with   2    opposite    di- 
verging  dorsal    spines    rarely  wauting.       Seed  horizontal  or 

obhque 10.  Sclerol^na. 

Fruiting-perianth  glabrous,  without  appendages  or  rarely  with 

5  small  erect  spiaes.     Seed  horizontal  or  oblique       ....  11.  Threlkeldia. 
Fruiting-perianth  glabrous  or  slightly  hairy,  with  3  to  5  diva- 

ricate  dorsal  spines.     Sced  vertical 12.  Anisacantha . 

Tribe    3.    Salicorniese. — Branches  articulate,  fleshy.       Leave.s  none.     Flowers 
more  or  less  immersed.     Testa  various.     Embryo  curved  or  foTdtd  icith  liitle  or  no 
albumen. 
Single  genus 13.  Salicornia. 

Tribe  4.  Salsolese. — Branches  continuous.  Leaves  narroio,  flat  or  terete,  entire- 
Testa  various.     Emhryo  spirally  coiled,  without  albumen. 

Perianth  small,  herbaceous,  without  appendages.  Testa  crustaceous. 

Embryo  coiled  in  a  flat  spire 14.  Su-eda. 

Perianth  rigid,  with  dorsal  horizontal  wings.  Testa  membranous. 
Embryo  coiled  in  a  conical  or  biconvex  spire.  (Leaves  and  bracts 
pungent) 15.  Salsola. 

Tribe  1.  Chenopodie^. — Branches  continuous  (not  articulate). 
Leaves  flat,  often  triangular  or  liastate,  glabrous  niealy  scaly  or  glan- 
dular.  Testa  of  the  seed  crustaceous.  Embr^-o  curved  round  a  mealy 
albumen. 

1.  RHAGODIA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  polygamous,  mostly  hermaphrodite  or  female,  but  sometimes 
almost  dioecious.     Perianth  deeply  5-cleft,  the  lobes  or  seg-ments  obtuse, 


]5?  XCVI.    CIIENOPODIACE^f:.  [llhtujodld. 

concave,  scarccly  enlarycd  in  friiit,  and  citlier  closing-  over  tlie  fruit  or 
exTianded  under  it.  Stamens  5  or  fewer,  filaments  more  or  less  flattened. 
Ovarv  "'lobular  or  nearly  so.  Styles  2  or  very  rarely  3,  sliortly  subulate, 
very  "^shortly  united  at  tlie  base.  Fruit  a  small  depressed-g-lobular 
berry.  Seed  flattened,  horizontal ;  testa  crustaceous.  Embryo  circular, 
enclosing"  a  mealy  albumen. — Shrubs  undershrubs  or  rarely  herbs. 
Leaves  alternate  or  some  or  nearly  all  opposite,  tiat,  entire.  Flowers 
small,  sessile  or  very  rarely  pedicellate,  in  clusters  or  rarely  solitary, 
in  interrupted  terminnl  spikes  or  panicles,  without  bracts.  Perianth 
tomentose  outside,  glabrous  inside. 

Tlic  gonus  is  exclusively  Australian,  difTering  from  Chevopodium  in  the  succuleiit 
peric«i-p  iind  usually  in  tbe  more  shrubliy  liabit.  The  species  are  often  very  variablo 
in  stature  aiul  Ibliage  and  very  difficult  to  mark  out  by  positive  characters.  They  are 
moreover  often  represented  in  herbaria  by  specimens  so  imperfect  as  to  leave  a  large 
proportion  of  the  deterniinations  doubtful.  The  succulent  pericarps  or  berries  appear 
to  vary  in  cdloui-,  even  in  tlie  sanie  species,  from  red  or  purple  to  yellow,  but  pcrhaps 
the  coilectors'  notes  in  this  respect  are  not  all  to  be  trusted. 

Panicle  usually  niuch  branched. 
Flowers  polyganious. 

Leaves  almost  all  alternate,   mostly    narrow  and  greeu 
above,  paler  or  whiter  underneath  than  above,  the  mar- 

gins  often  recurved 1.  i?.  Bdlardieri. 

Leaves  allernate  or  opposite,  mostly  broad,  flat,  green  or 

white  on  both  sides 2.  R.  paraholica. 

Flowcrs  dia?cious,  very  small.     Leaves  oblong  or  broad,  flat, 

pale  cr  white  on  both  sides 3.  i?.  dioica. 

Inflorescence  nearly  single  or  panicle  not  much  branched. 
Leaves  rather  thick  and  fleshy,   flat  or  concave,  mostly  alter- 
nate.     Plant  not  spinescent. 
Fruiting  perianth  2  to  3  lines  diameter  when  opcn  and 

nmcli  larger  than  the  fruit.     Leaves  mostly  hastate      4.  R.  Gaudichaudiana. 
Fruiting  periauth  1  to  l^  lines  diameter  and  usually  uot 
broader  than  tlie  fiuit. 
Leaves  rarely  above  4  in-  long  linear  cuncate  or  rarely 

obovate b.  B.  cra.ssifoHa. 

Leaves  liiiear,  J  to  1  in.  long 6.  B.  Preissii. 

Leavcs  broadly  obovate  to  oblong,  |  to  1  in.  long      .     .     7.  i?.  ohovata. 
Leaves  flat,  rather  thin,  mostly  alternate  broad  and  small. 

Plant  spinescent 8.  -fi.  sj^inescens. 

Leavcs  thin,  green,   opposite  or  alternate.     Plant  usually 
slender  or  wcak. 
Leaves  mostly  opposite,  ovate  or  hastate,  vcry  obtuse  .     .     9.  ^.  hasfata. 
Leaves  mostly  opposite,  lanceolate  or  broad,  all  acute  .     .  10.  R.  nutans. 

Leavcs  aiternatc,  linear 11.  R.  linifolia. 

R.  chenopodioide.%  Moq.  Chenopod.  Euum.ll,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  52,  from 
Port  Jaei<son,  Gauilicliaud,  is.uiiknown  to  me,  the  character  given  agrees  with  that  of 
R.  Bdlardieri,  except  that  the  flowers  are  said  to  be  pediccllate,  which  may  have  beeu 
au  accidcntal  auomaly  iu  the  specimens  described. 

1.  R.  Billardieri,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  408;  A  shrub  either  strag-g-ling-  or 
difliise,  or  erect  and  attaining-  5  or  6  ft.,  the  foliag-e  and  young-  shoots 
somcwliat  flcsliy,  rarely  cpiite  green,  but  usually  with  less  of  th"e  mealy 
tonientuni  tlian  niost  species,  except  on  the  inflorescence.  Leaves  alter- 
nate  or  rarely  here  and  there  ojiposite  or  nearlv  so,  usually  oblong-- 
lanceohite  or  linear-oblong-,  but  varying-  to  quite  linear  or  when  small 


Rhafjodia.]  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACEiE.  158 

to  ovate  or  broadly  hastate,  always  obtuso,  contracted  iuto  a  sliort 
petiole,  froui  scarcely  h  in.  to  above  1  in.  lono-,  usually  g-reen  abovo 
wheu  fuU  g-rowu  aud  pale  or  whitish  uuderueath,  t\\e  margius  often  rc- 
curved  and  never  incurved.  Pauicle  teriuiual,  usually  much  brauched 
and  \\  to  above  2  iu.  lono-,  tlie  branches  ratlier  slouder  and  divaricate, 
the  tiowers  small,  polyg-amous,  iu  distiuct  clusters.  Perianth  about  1 
line  diameter,  or  when  fully  expauded  under  the  truit  attaining-  l^-  Hnes, 
lobeil  to  about  the  middle.  Berry  when  fully  ripe  as  broad  as  or  broader 
than  the  expandod  perianth. — Chcnopodinm  haccatitm,  LabilL  PL  Nov. 
HolL  i.  71,  t.  90;  Uhaf/odia  haccata,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  50; 
Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm.  i.  31"J  ;  li.  CandoUeana^  Moq.  Chenop.  Enum.  10  (with 
small  broad  leaves  approaching-  the  var.  conf/csta). 

N.  S.  'Vtrales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Brown,  Woolls;  Macleay  river  and  Ash  islanci, 
Beclder  (the  hxtter  specimens  not  good  and  rather  doubtful) ;  Twofokl  Bay,  A.  Cuii- 
nim/hain  and  others. 

Victoria.  Abundant  along  the  sea-coast  froiu  the  Glenelg  to  the  eastern  frontier, 
F.  Mueller  and  others. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrymple,  R.  Brown  ;  common  iu  salt  marshes  especially  on  the 
north  coast,  J.  D.  Hooker,  Labillardiere  and  others. 

S.  Australia.  Lovver  Murray  river  and  round  St.  Vincent's  Gulf,  F.  Mneller  and 
others. 

W.  Australia.  Goose-island  and  Lucky  Bays,  R.  Brown ;  coramon  aiong  the  sea- 
coast  from  King  (ieorge's  Sound  round  to  Swan  and  Murchison  rivers,  Fraaer,  Druni- 
tnond,  n.  209,  Oh IJield  nnd  others,  and  eastward  to  ihe  Great  Bight,  Muxwell. 

Amongthe  numerous  forms  wliich  tliis  species  assumes,  many  of  theni  no  doubt  owing 
to  local  influences,  tlie  following  aie  the  most  distinct  in  the  dry  state : — 

Var.  congesta,  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  312.  Low  and  rauch  branched,  densely  crowded 
with  leaves  and  inflorescences;  leaves  mostly  ovate  smail  and  here  and  there  liastate. — 
Chenopodiuin  congestum,  Hook.  f.  in  Hook.  Lond.  Journ.  vii.  280 ;  Rliagodia  congesta, 
Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  6L — Tasmania  and  Victoria. 

Var.  linearis.  Leaves  all  narrow-linear. — R.  radiata,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  637, 
Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  50. — Cliiefly  in  W.  Australia  wiiere  it  passes  very  graduaiiy 
into  tiie  oblong  or  iinear-oblong  leaved  form  there  very  abundant,  and  readily  distin- 
guished  from  the  linear-leaved  form  of  R.  crassifolia  by  tlie  recurved  or  revolute  mar- 
gins  of  the  leaves  and  the  more  branched  panicle. 

2.  R.  parabolica,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  408.  An  erect  shrub,  attaining- 
sometimes  8  or  10  ft.,  but  often  much  lower,  mealy-white  all  over  or 
in  the  more  slender  specimens  the  adult  leaves  g-reen.  Leaves  opposite 
or  alternate,  on  rather  long"  petioles,  broadly  ovate  obovate  or  ahnost 
rhomboidal,  usually  rounded  at  the  end  and  obtuse  or  shortly  mucro- 
nate,  contracted  or  rarely  obtusely  hastate  at  the  base,  rarely  exceeding- 
1  in.  and  often  under  i  in.  long-.  Flowers,  as  in  B.  Billardieri,  poly- 
g-amous,  in  distinct  clusters  along-  the  divaricate  branches  of  a  termiual 
panicle,  sometimes  very  dense  and  crowded,  sometimes  loose  and  slen- 
der.  Perianth  mealy-tomentose  and  sometimes  densely  so,  the  lobes 
ovate,  obtuse,  more  united  at  the  base  than  in  most  species,  expandiug  to 
above  1  line  diameter,  but  the  succulent  ripe  fruit  still  hirg-er.  Seed 
about  1  line  diameter. — Schlecht.  iu  Linntea,  xx.  574:;  Moq.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiii.  ii.  51 ;  R.  rcclinata,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. ;  Moq.  L  c.  51  (with  the 
leaves  less  white  than  in  the  typical  form). 


154  xcvi.  ciiKNuPODiACEiE.  [lihu^odui. 

Queensland.  Iii  tlic  interior,  3Iitchell,  Boicman;  Armadilla,  Barton ;  Curri- 
willigliif,  Diiltoa;  between  13iirnett  and  Dawson  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  'Wales,  Leichhardt ;  Liverpool  plains,  A.  Cunningham ;  Richmond  river, 
Hcndcr^on . 

S.  Australia.  Spencer's  Gulf,  B.  Broivn;  Murray  Scrub,  Behr.;  Murray  river 
and  Salt  Cicck,  F.  Mutller. 

This  may  possibly  prove  to  be  an  inland  variety  of  R.  Billardleri. 

3.  R.  dioica,  Nees  iii  Pl.  Prelss.  i.  636.  A  tall  shrub,  with  the 
habit  of  U.  paruhoUcu,  usuallj  hoary  or  white.  Leaves  alternate  or  nearly 
opposite,  on  rather  long-  petioles,  oblong*  obovate  ovate  or  rarely  broadly 
hastate,  very  obtuse,  iiat,  rather  thin,  pale  or  hoary  on  botli  sides,  oilen 
above  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  smaller  than  in  either  of  the  preceding- 
species,  dicecious  in  all  the  specimens  seen,  very  numerous  in  a  dense 
much  branched  ovate  or  pyramidal  panicle  of  two  or  three  inches. 
Fruiting-  perianth  small,  the  fruit  rather  larg-er,  but  not  exceeding- 1  line 
diameter. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xii.  ii.  60. 

"W.  Australia,  Drummond ;  Swan  river,  Preiss,  n.  1253,  Murcbison  river,  Oldjield. 

4.  R.  Gaudichaudiana,  Moq.  Clwnop.  Enum.  11,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiii.  ii.  53.  A  very  divaricate  or  prostrate  shrub,  covered  with  a  dense 
soft  white  tomentum  which  usually  persists  even  on  the  old  leaves,  the 
branchlets  sometimes  but  very  rarely  almost  spinescent.  Leaves  mostly 
alternate,  from  broadly  orbicxdar  or  deltoid  to  lanceolate,  often  hastate 
at  the  base,  rather  thick,  ilat  or  concave,  |  to  1  in.  long-.  Flowers 
polygamous  (or  sometimes  dioecious  ?)  larg-er  than  in  the  allied 
species,  solitary  or  clustered  in  nearl}^  simple  interrupted  spikes  or 
along-  the  divaricate  branches  of  short  terminal  panicles.  Fruiting- 
periantli  i?  to  3  hnes  diameter,  lobed  to  the  middle,  very  cottony  out- 
side,  glabrous  and  coloured  or  g-reen  inside,  much  larg*er  than  the  fruit 
and  either  closed  over  it  or  expanded  under  it. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Darling  river,  Victorian  Expedition. 

5.  Australia.     Gawler  Kange,  Sidliimn. 

W.  Australia.     Murcbison  river,  Ohlfield ;  Sharks  Bay,  Gaudichaud  (I  have  not 

seen  tlie  latter  speciniens). 

Tbe  specimens  froui  X.  S.  Wales  and  from  S.  Australia  bave  tbe  periautb  not  quite 
so  large  as  tbose  froin  Murcbison  river,  but  tbey  are  uot  so  far  advanced.  Tbere  are 
maiiy  otber  speciuiens  in  Herb.  F.  Mueller  from  the  desert  interior  of  N.  S.  Wales  and 
S.  Australia,  uiostly  niere  scraps  barely  in  flower,  whicb  may  beloug  to  B.  Gaudichaud- 
iana,  but  whicb  caunot  be  safely  distinguished  from  some  of  the  following  species. 

5.  R.  crassifolia,  R.  Br.  Prod.  408.  A  dwarf  or  dilfuse  much 
branchod  scrubl)y  shrub,  or  the  branches  somewhat  elong-ated  in  narrow- 
leaved  forms,  nearly  g-reen  or  more  or  less  hoary-tomentose.  Leaves 
mostly  alternate,  iinear  or  scarcely  oblong-  in  the  typical  form,  rarely 
cuneate  or  almost  obovate  in  some  varieties,  obtuse,  contracted  into  a 
short  petiole,  rather  thick,  flat  or  concave,  rarely  h  in.  long-.  Flowers 
and  fruits  small,  clustered  or  rarely  solitary,  in  short  terminal  nearly 
simple  interrui)ted  spikes  or  slig-htly  branched  panicles.  Fruiting; 
perianth  not  exceeding-  the  fruit. 

N.  Australia.     Sturfs  Creek,  F.  Mueller. 
Victoria.     Wimmera,  Dallachy. 


Bhiu/udm.]  xcvi.  chenopodiack.e.  1;");") 

S.  Australia.     Kangarou  islaiid,  li.  Brotim  ;  towanls   Spcnccr's  (iiil'',   Warhurton. 

W.  Australia.  Scattered  over  tlie  treeless  plains  N.  W.  of  tlie  Gruat  Biglit,  De,- 
lisser ;  Poiiit  Hcnry  and  Mm-cliison  river,  Oldjield. 

Var.  latifolia.  Lcaves  obovate  ovate  hastale  or  broadiy  oblong,  all  very  obtnse  and 
under  |  in.  long.  —  IL  crassifolia,  Woq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  52. — Dirk  Hartog's  island, 
A.  CunniiKjham. 

Tliere  are  geveral  iniperfect  specinicns  from  the  desert  interior,  in  Herb.  Y.  Mueller 
and  others  which  niay  belong  to  this  species  but  cannot  be  determined  with  any  cer- 
tainty.  R.  Drummondii,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  52,  from  W.  Anstralia,  Druminond, 
n.  133,  seems  to  be  a  half-starved  small  and  narrowdeaved  state  of  this  specics.  The 
flowers  are  said  to  be  dicecious,  our  specimens  are  not  sufficient  to  ascertain  whether 
they  are  really  so.  I  have  not  seen  Drummond^s  n  715,  described  by  Moq.  l.c.  as  R. 
parvifolia,  but  the  character  entirely  agrees  with  that  of  the  small  broad-leaved  Ibrms 
of  i?.  crassifolia. 

6.  R.  Preissii,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  49.  A  much  branclied 
slend(M-  divavicate  undershrub,  usually  gTeen  or  slig'htly  hoary  except 
the  inilorescence  which  is  whiter.  Leaves  mostly  alternate,  linear  or 
linear-oblong-,  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  thick  and  ilesliy,  green 
or  scarcely  hoary,  llat  or  with  incurved  margins,  |  to  1  in.  long'. 
Flowers  and  fruits  of  R.  crassijulia,  of  whicli  this  may  prove  to  be  a 
variety  witli  longer  leaves  and  with  the  inilorescence  usually  more 
elongated  and  slender. — i?.  linifuliu.  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  03?,  not  of 
R.  Br. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  n.  716,  Preiss,  n.  125;  eastern  interior 
of  W.  Australia,  Harper. 

7 .  R.  obovata,  Moq.  Chmop.  Enum.  10,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  51. 
An  erect  scrubby  shrub,  more  or  less  hoary  or  white.  Leaves  alternate 
or  liere  and  there  opposite,  from  broadly  ovate  obovate  or  ovate-hastate 
to  oblong',  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  thick  and  fleshy,  flat  or 
slightly  concave,  equally  hoary  or  mealy-white  on  both  sides  wlien 
young,  the  okler  ones  oiten  turning  black  or  lead  colour  when  dry,  ^ 
to  1  in.  long".  Flowers  as  in  the  two  preceding  species  in  distinct 
clusters  in  a  simple  interrupted  spike  or  slightly  branchecl  panicle,  about 
the  size  of  those  of  R.  Billardieri.  Fruiting  perianth  not  exceeding  the 
perfectly  ripe  fruit. 

TV.  Australia.  Sharks  Bay,  Mdne,  Denliam.  The  specimens  described  by  Mo- 
quin  are  said  to  be  from  the  south  and  west  coast  of  Australia,  but  were  probably  all 
from  Sharks  Bay,  the  Australian  stations  in  the  herbarium  of  the  Paris  Museum  being 
very  frequently  erroneous. 

8.  R.  spinescens,  R.  Br.  Prod.  408.  A  divaricately  branched 
rather  slender  shrub,  usually  low  and  straggling  or  prostrate,  sometimes 
more  erect  and  bushy  and  attaining  several  ft.,  mealy-white  or  at 
length  nearly  glabrous,  the  smaller  branchlets  often  (but  not  always) 
terminating  in  slender  spines.  Leaves  mostly  alternate,  obovate  ovate 
orbicular  or  deltoid,  in  some  specimens  nearly  i  in.  long',  rather  narrow, 
thin  and  but  slightly  mealy,  in  others  all  under  \  in.  broad,  rather 
thick  and  very  mealy-white,  witli  many  intermediate  states,  always  flat 
or  concave.  Flowers  small,  polygamous,  in  small  clusters  or  almost 
feolitary  in  short  terminal  interrupted  spikes  or   panicles,    or  almost 


10(!  xcvi.  CHKNOPouiACE^E.  [lihagodia. 

soliturv  in  tlic  u])per  nxils.  Fruit  sinall  (1}  lines  diameter  wlien  dry), 
tlie  ])eri:inth  ex])an(led  under  it  but  uot  jjrojectiug-  beyond. — Moq.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  08. 

Queensland.  Buidckiu  liver,  i^.  J/Me^/er;  near  llockhamjiton,  nire,  0' Shanesy  ; 
Anuaiilla,  lUirton. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  l.iverpool  jilains  and  Laclilan  rivcr,  A.  Cunningliam ;  Darling 
river,  Mitcltell;  anJ  thence  to  the  Barrier  llange,  Victorian  Expedition ;  Castkreagh 
river,  C.  Moore. 

Victoria.     Murray  and  Avoca  rivers,  F.  Jlueller. 

S.  Australia.  Spencer"s  Gulf,  li.  Brown ;  Cudnaka  and  Mnrray  river,  F.  Muel- 
ler  ;  Gawler  Ranges,  6'ulliran;  N.E.  ofLake  Gairdner,  Bahhage. 

II.  jirostrdta,  A.  Cunn.  llerb. ;  Moq  in  DC  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  52,  is  described  from  speci- 
nicn.s  which  liave  no  spines,  biit  wb.ich  in  all  other  respects  agree  with  B.spinescens,  and 
niay  be  either  au  unarmed  variety  or  a  mere  state  in  which  the  spiues  are  not  yet  de- 
veloped. 

1).  R.  hastata,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  408.  A  ]iroeumbent  or  divaricately 
bvanched  undershnd),  s]ireading-  to  2  or  3  ft.,  g-reen  or  slightly  mealy- 
wliite  when  young-.  Leaves  ojijiosite  or  rarely  alternate,  ])etiolate, 
ovate-hastate  or  almost  rhomboidal,  very  obtuse  or  emarg-inate,  the 
basal  lobes  short  obtuse  or  rarely  acute,  under  1  in.  and  often  under  J 
in.  long'.  Fhjwers  small,  clustered,  usually  in  compact  simjjle  or  slig-htly 
branclied  spikes,  either  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils  and  shorter  than 
the  leaves,  rarely  more  slender  and  elon^ate.  Perianth-cUvisions  ob- 
long',  not  contracted  at  the  base  or  stipitate  as  in  Chcnopodiuni  triangu- 
lare,  which  this  species  sometimes  resembles.  Fruit  J  to  |  Hne  diameter, 
usually  red. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  63. 

Queensland.  Rockhampton,  Dallachy  and  others ;  Nerkool  Creek,  Bowman ; 
Jloretoii  Bay,  Leichhardt,  C.  Stuart. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Broirn  and  others ;  Liverpool  phiins,  A.  Cun- 
nincjliam;  New  Enghuid,  C.  Stuart;  Hastings  river,  .BecHer. 

Victoria.     Bacchus  niarsh,  F.  Mueller. 

10.  R.  nutans,  li.  Br.  Prod.  408.  Herbaceous,  prostrate  or  pro- 
cumbent  and  slender,  often  extending-  to  1  to  2  ft.,  g-reen  or  the  young- 
foHag-e  more  or  less  mealy-white,  the  stems  rarely  almost  woody  at  the 
base,  Leaves  opposite  or  here  and  there  alternate,  on  rather  slender 
petioles,  from  broadly  hastate  with  very  prominent  basal  lobes  to  ian- 
ceolate  and  ang-uhir  only  at  the  base,  always  acute,  rather  thin  and 
green,  rarely  1  in.  long-  and  often  all  under  |  in.,  the  upper  ones 
g"radually  smaller.  InHorescence  simple  or  with  a  few  short  branches, 
terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  under  1  in.  long-  or  rarely  elong-ated, 
sometimes  nodding-  at  the  end,  sometimes  slightly  leafy  at  the  base, 
with  one  or  two  solitary  flowers  or  small  clusters  in  the  axils  of  the 
uppor  leaves.  Howers  very  small,  the  males  with  2  or  3  stamens  and 
a  rudimentary  j)istil,  the  lemales  without  any  or  with  only  1  stamen. 
Fruit  a1)out  h  lino  diameter,  the  pericarp  red  and  succulent  "when  fresh, 
thin  wlien  dry.— .Alo^j.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  53;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm. 
i.  312. 

Queensland.     P.ri.sbanc  river,  F.  Muelkr ;  Curriwillighie,  Dalton. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Lachlan  river,  A.  Cunningham ;  Laclilan  and  Darling  rivers  to  the 


IiJui{J0diu.]  XCVI.    CIIKNOrODIACE.Ti:.  157 

Barrier  Range,  Victorian  and  otlicr  Expedltions ;  Ilahtings  river,  BccJdcr ;  IJallandooI 
river,  Locker. 

Victoria.     AV^^entlu  vaie,  Rvhertson ;  Tambo  river,  F.  Miidlcr ;  Creswick,   Whan. 

Tasmania.  Derwent  river,  11.  JJroivn,  J.  D.  Hoolcer ;  abunilant  in  piains  near. 
Eoss,  Uuun;  S.  Esk  river,  C.  Stuart. 

S.  Australia.  Kangaroo  island,  R.  Broum  ;  MuiTay  rivcr,  Salt  Creek,  Port  Aile- 
laide,  F.  Mueller ;  towards  Cooper's  Creek,   Wheeler,  JlowitVs  Erpcdition. 

12.  R.  linifolia,  li.  Br.  Prod.  408.  A  diffiise  or  proeinnbent  horl) 
or  luiderslirul),  iuore  slender  even  tlian  1{.  nntans  and  like  tliat  speeies 
gTeen  or  the  _voun<)-  shoots  very  sho-htly  mealy.  Leaves  alternate, 
linear  or  linear-hineeolate,  rather  acute,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole, 
thin  and  g-reen  on  hoth  sides,  from  under  ^  in.  to  nearly  2  in.  lono-. 
Inllorescenee  ahnost  fihform,  rarely  ahove  1  in.  long-,  simple  or  sliyhtly 
hranched  or  forming"  a  slender  divaricate  leafy  panicle.  Flowers  very 
small,  solitary  or  in  small  chisters,  the  feinales  mostly  peihceHatc. 
Perianth  giabrous.  Fruit  smaller  than  in  any  other  species,  the  peri- 
carp  red  and  pulpy  when  fresh,  thin  when  dry. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiii.  ii.  49. 

Queexisland.  Broad  Sound,  R.  Brown;  Bay  of  Inlets,  Banhs  and  Solandir ;  in 
tlie  iiiterior,  Mdchell;  Curriwilligbie,  Dalton ;  Darling  Downs,  Lau  ;  Rockbampton, 
O'  Shancsij. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Hunter's  river,  A.  Cunningha^n ;  in  tbe  interior,  Leichhurdt ; 
Camden  district,   Woolls ;  New  England,  C.  Stuart ;  Ballandool  river,  Locker. 


2.  CHEN"OPODIUM,  Linn. 
(Ambrina,  3Ioq.,  Blituni,  Moq.  {partly). 

Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  rarely  polygamous.  Perianth  herhaceous, 
deeply  divided  into  5  or  rarely  4  or  8  lobes  or  seg-ments  which  are 
obtuse  and  concave  or  rarely  acute  and  erect,  scarcely  altered  or  shg-htly 
enlarg-ed  after  flowering-.  Stamens  5  or  fewer,  filaments  fihform  or 
flatteued.  Ovary  giobuhir  or  ovoid ;  styles  2  or  rarely  3,  usuall}^  united 
at  the  hase.  Fruit  depressed  or  ovoid,  partially  or  completely  covered 
by  the  persisteut  perianth,  pericarp  dry,  membranous,  distinct  from  or 
inseparable  from  the  seed.  8eed  htjrizontally  llattened,  or  vertical  and 
less  compressed ;  testa  crustaceous ;  cmbryo  circuhir,  enclosing-  a  mealy 
albumen. — Herbs  or  rarely  shrubs  or  undershrubs.  Leaves  alternate, 
fiat,  entire  toothed  or  divided.  Flowers  small,  sessile  in  chisters,  either 
axiUary  or  in  interrupted  terminal  spikes  or  panicles. 

The  genus  is  widely  distributed  over  the  globe,  but  appears  to  be  really  indigenous 
chiefly  in  temperate  and  subtropical  regions,  sonie  species,  including  fbur  of  the  Austra- 
lian  ones,  probably  of  European  origin,  are  amongst  the  most  generally  dispersed  weeds 
of  cultivation.  Of  the  reniaining  eight  Australian  specics  one  is  also  in  New  Zea- 
land  and  New  Caledonia,  the  other  seven  appear  to  be  endemic  although  one  of  them  is 
perbaps  too  closely  connected  with  an  East  Asiatic  one. 

The  precise  limits  to  be  assigned  to  the  genus  are  as  yet  very  uncertain.  The  last 
four  species  Iiere  included,  with  tho  seeds  all  ercct  and  the  inflorescence  axillaiy,  are 
certainly  nearly  allied  to  the  European  Blita  originally  characterized  by  the  succulent 
perianth,  but  recently  extended  to  the  majority  of  Clienopodia  with  erect  seeds.  Tho 
adoption  of  ihe  latter  character  entails  however  the  assigning   C.  nitrariacea  and  C. 


158  xcvr.  CHENOPODiACE^.  [C^ienopodhm. 

Bomis-ltenrmis  \o  BlHum,  a  niost  minatural  cnniblnalion,  antl  leaves  C.  glavann  and 
C  ruhrum,  in  wliiiii  the  seetis  ofsonie  oftlie  flowers  are  often  erect,  ambignons  between 
the  two  genera.  I  have  therefore  followcd  F.  IMueller  in  reuniting  them,  at  least  as  to 
the  Austrnlian  species,  and  the  very  variable  consi.stent:e  of  the  fruiting  perianth  in  C 
cnriiiatvm  and  C.  riibriim,  leaves  it  very  doublful  whethereven  the  Linnean  Blila,  with 
their  berry-like  fruits,  can  be  distinctly  separated  from  Chenopodium. 

Sect   1.   Rhagodioides. — Spinescent   shrub.   Floicer-clustcrs   in   terminal  spihes. 
Seeds  vcrlical. 
Plant  hoary  or  mealy-white.     Leaves  entire 1.   C.  nitrariacea. 

Sect.  2.  Chenopodiastrum. — Herhs  meaJy-wlite  or  glahroiis.      Flower-clusters  in. 
terminal  or  axilhiri/  sjjikes  or  panicles.     Seeds  all  or  mosthj  horizontal. 

Erect  and  mealy-wiiite  or  almost  glabrons.    Spikes  terminal,  often 
paniculate. 
Leaves  (nsually  very  lioary  or  white)  entire  or  very  rarely  hastate     2.    C.  auricomum. 
Leaves  (green  or  mealy-white  underneath  or  on  both  sides)  at 

lcast  the  lower  ones  coarsely  sinuate-totithed 3.   C.  album. 

Erect  gieen  annual.     Cymes  or  panicles  axillary  and  loose. 

Leaves  broad,  coarsely-toothed 4.   C.  murale. 

Decumbent  or  prostrate  herbs  (mostly  annual). 
Leaves  entire  or  hastate.     Stamen  usually  1. 

Stems  weak  and  elongated.    Leaves  green  or  scarcely  mealy. 

Flower-clusters  in  terminal  interrupted  spikes      ....     5.  C  triangulare. 
Stems  short,  much-branched.     Leaves  smali,  mealy.   Flower- 

clusters  smaii  in  the  upper  axils  or  scarcely  spicate  .     .     .     G.    C  micro^jhyllum, 
Lower  leaves  sinuate-toothetJ,  mostly  green  above,  white  under- 

neath.     Stamen  usualiy  1 7.   C.  ghiui-vm. 

Sect.  3.  Botryois. — Erect  glandular  aromatic  herhs  or  undershrubs  not  mealy. 
Seeds  all  or  mosthj  horizontal. 

Leaves  narrow,  mostly  sinuate-toothed.     Flower-clusters  axillary, 

forming  a  leafy  panicle 8.    C  ombrosioides. 

Sect.  4.  Orthosporum. — iJecumbent  glandular  herhs  not  mealy.  Seeds  all  vev' 
tical.     Hoicer-clusters  all  axillary. 

Perianth-segments  broad,  concave  with  a  thickencd  kecl      ...     9.   C  carinatum. 
Perianth-segments  narrow,  nearly  erect,  with  a  thickened  keel. 

Minute  filiform  plant 10.    C.  pumilio. 

Perianth-segments  linear,  erect,  the  keel  dilated  into  a  broad 

fringcd  wing  or  crest 11.   C  cristatum. 

Perianth-segments  lanceolate,  erect,  the  keel  much  thickened  and 

angular  at  the  base 12.   (7.  atriplicinum. 

Sect.  1.  Rhagodioides. — Spinescent  slinib.  Flower-clusters  in  ter- 
minal  spikes.     Seeds  all  vertical. 

1.  C.  nitrariacea,  F.  Mndl.  A  rigid  divaricately  Lranched  or 
prostrate  shrul)  or  undershruh,  hoary  or  mealy-white  all  over  with  a 
minute  tomentum,  the  smaller  branchlets  often  spinescent  but  not 
nearly  so  slender  as  in  I{hnf/odia  spincsccns.  Leaves  alternate,  sometimes 
chistered  at  the  base  of  the  llowering-  branchlets,  Hnear  oblong-  or  Hnear- 
spathuhite,  very  obtuse,  entire,  contracted  into  a  short  i^etiole,  from 
under  -^  in.  to  nearly  1  in.  long;.  Fh)wers  sessile,  usually  chistered  in 
interrupted  or  dense  spikes,  either  siniple  and  terminal  or  forming 
short  divaricate  branches  to  a  terminal  panicle,  mostly  hermajilirodite 


Cfienopodium.]  xcvi.  chenopodiace^.  159 

witli  a  few  males  intermixed.  Perianth-segments  broad,  thick,  con- 
cave,  slit>-htly  imhricate  in  the  bnd.  Stamens  5,  shortly  exserted,  tlie 
filaments  tlat  and  alabrous.  Ovarv  ovoid,  erect,  tlie  styles  short,  rather 
thick,  united  at  the  base.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  unaltered  perianth. 
Pericarp  membranous.  Seed  erect,  Hat ;  embryo  circinate,  tlie  radicle 
usually  inferior. — Wuiijodia  nitrtiriucca,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Inst. 
Vict.  ii.  78. 

N.  Australia.  N.  W.  coast,  Bynoe,  tlie  speciniens  in  bud  and  in  some  nieasiire 
donbtfal. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.     Darling  river,  Victorian  E.vpeclition,  Mrs.  Ford. 

Victoria.     Jlurray  and  Avoca  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

'W.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Drummond. 

8onie  other  spccimens  referred  to  tbis  species  by  F.  Mueller  aj)pear  to  me  to  belong 
to  JiJiar/odia  spinesecns,  but  are  too  yonng  to  detcrniine.  In  all  tbose  whicb  I  bave 
quoted  as  typical^  1  have  uniformly  fouud  the  seed,  eitber  ah-eady  enlarged  after  flovver- 
ing  or  quite  ripe,  erect  and  enclosed  in  a  tbin  dry  pericarp. 

Sect.  2.  Chenopodiastrum,  Moq.  —  Herbs,  mealy-white  or  gla- 
brous.  Flower-clusters  in  terminal  or  axillary  spikes  or  panicles.  Seeds 
all  or  niostly  liorizontal. 

2.  C.  auricoimim,  Liiidl.  in  Mitck.  Trop.  Austr.  94.  Erect  and 
probably  tall,  more  or  less  white  or  hoary  all  over,  apparently  her- 
baceous  and  not  spinescent.  Leaves  on  rather  long*  petioles,  ovate  or 
oblong',  very  obtuse,  entire  or  rarely  hastate  with  prominent  basal 
lobes,  mostly  f  to  l^  in.  long-.  Flowers  in  little  dense  globular  clusters 
along-  the  branches  of  a  terminal  panicle,  sometimes  distinct  and  rather 
distant,  sometimes  crowded  into  dense  spikes.  Perianth-seg-ments 
l)road,  concave,  closing-  over  the  fruit.  Stamens  5,  shortly  exserted. 
Ovary  small,  g-lobular,  contracted  into  a  long-  neck  or  united  base  of 
the  styles.  Pericarp  depressed-globose,  membranous.  Seed  very  flat, 
horizontal.     Embryo  annular. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  460. 

N.  Australia.  Upper  Victoria  river  and  Sturfs  Creek,  F.  Mueller  ;  GulfofCar- 
pentaria,  Landshorongh ;  in  the  interior,  M'Doucdl  StuarVs  Erpedition. 

Queensland.  Narran  river,  Mitchell;  Curriwinigbie,  Dalton ;  Suttor  and  Bowen 
rivers,  Boicman. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Darling  river  and  Duroodon,  Victorian  Expedition. 

Tbis  species  undoubtedly  comes  near  to  some  forms  of  C.  album,  differing  in  its 
entire  more  tomentose  leaves  and  larger  flowers.  It  appears  to  be  still  more  closely 
allied  to  and  perhaps  not  really  distinct  from  the  East  Asiatic  C.  acuminatum,  Wilb]. 

C.  furfuraceum,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  64,  from  tlie  Straits  of  Entrecasteaux, 
Tasmania,  is  unknown  to  me.  Tbe  cbaracter  given  agrees  with  that  of  C.  auric.o- 
mum,  of  wbicb  bowever  I  bave  seen  no  specimen  from  Tasmania,  nor  from  the  soutb 
coast  of  the  continent  of  Australia. 

8.  C.  album,  Linn. ;  Moc^.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  70.  A  toug-h  annual 
usually  erect,  1  to  2  ft.  hig'h,  of  a  pale  green  or  more  or  less  mealy- 
white,  especially  the  ilowers  and  the  under  side  of  the  leaves.  Leaves 
petiolate,  the  lower  ones  ovate  or  rhomboidal,  more  or  less  sinuate- 
toothed  or  ang-ular,  the  upper  ones  usually  narroAv  and  entire.  Clusters 
of  Howers  in  short  dense  or  interrupted  spikes,  simple  or  slig-htly 
branched,  the  lower  ones  axillary,  the  upper  ones  or  sometimes  nearly 


KJO  xcvi.  CHENOPODiACE^.  [Cficnopodium. 

iill  in  a  lonp-  terniinal  panicle  leafy  at  tlie  base.  Segments  of  tlie 
fruitinu'  i^eriantli  broad,  concave,  somewliat  tliicker  in  the  centre  or 
keeled,  contracted  and  iinited  at  tlie  base,  completely  closing-  over  the 
fniit.  Stamens  usually  5.  Seeds  all  horizontally  tiattened,  smooth  aud 
shinino*,  the  pericarp  exceedingly  thin. — C.  lanceuJatum,  R.  Br.  Prod. 
40?  ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  62  ;  C.  Bromneanum,  Roem.  and  Schult. 
Syst.  vi.  '270. 

Queensland.  Nerkool  Creek,  Bowman ;  Armadilla,  Barton  ;  AVarwick,  Beclder 
(tlie  specimcn  bad  and  soraowhat  doubtiul). 

N.  S.  Wales.  ralerion's  uveT,  li.  Brown ;  Liverpool  plains,  Leichhardt ;  Para- 
matta,  ^Voolls. 

Victoria.  Melljourne,  Adamson ;  Baccluis  marsh  and  Snowy  river,  F.  Mueller; 
Skipton,   Whnn. 

yjV.  Australia.     Driimmond.  n.  224. 

'1  lic  s])(cies  is  a  very  common  weed  in  Europe  and  temperate  Asia,  and  has  spread  as 
snch  over  many  other  parts  of  the  world.  Whether  it  be  really  indigenous  or  introduced 
oniy  into  .Xustralia  is  uncertain.  In  N.  S.  Wales  and  Queensland  it  is  said  to  be  known 
under  the  name  of  Fat  Hen. 

C.  biforme,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  626,  from  Swan  river,  Preiss,  n.  1256,  described 
from  a  single  specimen  which  I  have  not  seen,  may  be  one  of  the  iiumerous  forms  of 
C.  alhum.  It  is  described  as  having  the  infiorescence  flowers  and  indumentum  of  C. 
album,  but  witli  the  leaves,  especially  in  their  dentation,  more  like  those  of  C.  murale, 
to  which  Moquin  refers  it  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  69. 

4.  C.  murale,  Linn.  ,•  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  00.  A  rather  stout 
erect  or  decumbent  much  branched  annual,  from  under  1  ft.  to  nenrly  2 
ft.  higli,  usually  green,  but  sometimes  with  a  shght  whitish  meal  on  the 
voung-  shoots. "  Leaves  on  long-  petioles,  broadly  ovate  triangular  or 
rhomboidal,  deeply  and  irregularly  toothed,  1  to  above  2  in.  long. 
Flowers  small,  green  or  slightly  mealy,  the  clusters  in  much-branched 
rather  slender  spikes,  formmg-  "loose  leafless  cymes  or  panicles  usually 
much  shorter  than  or  rarely  as  long  as  the  leaves,  almost  all  axillary, 
rarely  lateral  or  terminal.  'Segments  of  the  fruiting-  perianth  broad, 
concave,  somewhat  keeled,  closing  over  the  fruit  or  nearly  so.  Stamens 
usually  5.  Seeds  all  horizontally  flattened,  oparpie  or  somewhat  rugose, 
the  margins  thick  and  obtuse  or  thin  and  acute.  Pericarp  not  readily 
separable  from  the  seed. — C.  erosutn,  R.  Br.  Prod.  407 ;  Moq.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiii.  ii.  68 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  813. 

Queensland.     Pockhampton,  rare,  0' Shanesy. 

Victoria.     Near  IMelbourne,  Murray  river,  and  Gipps  Land,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.     Kent's  Group,  Bass's  Straits,  R.  Broicn. 

This  is  another  European  weed  now  widely  dispersed  over  various  temperate  and 
warin  regions  of  the  globe.  The  Australian  specimens  I  have  seen  are  mostly  single 
ones,  and  it  is  thLrcfore  probably  introJuced  only.  15rown's  specimens  have  tlie  intio- 
resccnces  morc  coniiuut,  but  they  are  stiil  in  young  bud  and  somc  European  oncs  are 
prccisciy  siniilar  to  theni. 

6.  C.  triangulare,  li.  Br.  Prod.  407.  Stems  weak  procumbent  or 
strag'gbng',  exteuding  sometimes  to  2  ft.  or  more,  the  whole  phmt  gTeen 
or  with  but  little  of  white  meal  on  tlie  young*  slioots.  Leaves  on  rather 
long  petioles,  from  ovate  to  oblong  or  to  broadly  hastate  in  the  typical 
form,  obtuse  or  siiortly  mucronate,  under  1  inch  long,  the  upper  ones 
often  and  sometimes  all  lanceohite.     Flowers  very  small,  in  chisters  or 


Chenopodium.']  xcvi.  chenopodiace^.  161 

little  cymes  in  a  terminal  internipted  spike  or  along;  tlie  sliort  distant 
branclies  ofa  slender  terminal  panicle,  or  the  lower  oncs  in  the  axils 
of  the  upper  leaves.  Peiianth-seg-ments  broad  and  concave,  sometimes 
closing-  over  and  covering-  the  fniit,  sometimes  smaller  and  much  con- 
tracteii  at  the  base.  Stamen  usually  1.  Styles  short.  Seed  ilat, 
horizontal,  about  h  line  diametor,  in  a  very  thin  membranous  ])cricarp. 
—  C.  trujonon,  Roem.  and  Schult.  Syst.  vi.  27 o  ;  Moq.  in  DC  Prod.  xiii. 
ii.  Qb. 

Queensland.     Armadiihi,  Barton. 

Vt.  S.  "Wales.  raramatta,  Woolls ;  Namoi  river,  Leichhardt;  New  England,  C. 
Stnart. 

'Y\\cA\ah\i  \s  wea,r\y  i\\a.i  n^  Rhagodia  hastata,h\xt  tlie  fniit  is  nevpr  succiilent,  and 
the  inflorescence  rather  different.  Tlie  ('.  tria^ignlare  of  For.skalil  bcing  rccluced  liy 
JMoquin  to  C.  murale,  there  seems  no  reason  to  siippress  Brown's  name  of  C.  triungidare 
for  ihe  present  species. 

Var.  stelMatum.  rerianth-scgnients  witli  a  rather  sniall  concave  himina  contracted 
at  the  base  into  a  lincar  stipcs  (re  Inced  10  the  somewhat  prominent  midiib).  Leaves 
of  tbe  typical  form. — New  England,  C.  Stuurt. 

Var.  angustifolium.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  the  lower  ones  lanceolate-hastats. 
Perianth  otihe  typical  form. — To  this  belong  tbe  Qucensland  specimens  aud  some  from 
New  England. 

6.  C.  microphyllum,  F.  Mudl.  m  Trans.  Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  74. 
A  small  much-branched  prostrate  or  ditfuse  phmt  apparently  perennial 
and  more  or  less  mealy-white.  Leaves  numerous,  small,  petiolate,  ovate 
rhomboidal  triangular  or  broadly  hmceolate,  entire,  2  to  3  lines  lono-, 
hoary  or  white  on  both  sides  or  becoming-  nearly  g-reen  above.  Flowers 
few  together  in  small  rather  loose  clusters  in  the  upper  axils,  scarcely 
forming-  very  short  terminal  spikes.  Perianth  very  scaly,  mealy,  the 
seg-ments  concave,  shortly  united  and  keeled  but  not  contracted  at  the 
base.     Stamen  usually  1.     Seed  ilat,  horizontal. 

N.  S.  Wales.     On  the  Bilbibong,  W.  Bi^^seft. 

Victoria.     Bacchns  niarsh,  i^.  Slueller ;  Wimmera,  Dallachy. 

S.  Australia.     Near  the  Barossa  iiange,  Behr. ;  Enheld,  F.  Mueller. 

7.  C.  glaucum,  Linn. ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  72.  An  annual, 
much-branched  diffuse  and  prostrate  or  decumbent  at  the  base,  the 
stems  ascending-to  1  ft.  or  more,  g-hibrous  striate  andfurrowed.  Leaves 
petiolate,  the  lower  ones  broadly  hmceolate  or  ahiiost  rhomboidal  or 
hastate,  coarsely  sinuate-toothed,  often  above  1  in.  long',  the  upper  ones 
gradually  smaller  narrower  and  more  entire,  the  uppermost  passing'  into 
sraall  bracts,  all  g-reen  above  and  more  or  less  white  underneath. 
Flowers  small,  nearly  gdabrous,  in  clusters  or  short  leafless  irregular 
spikes,  the  lower  clusters  or  spikes  axillary  and  much  shorter  than  the 
leaves,  the  upper  ones  forming*  terminal  interrupted  spikes  leafy  at  the 
base  only.  Perianth-seg-ments  rather  thin,  or  the  keel  somewhat 
thickened,  closely  appressed  on  the  fruit  but  not  completely  covering-  it. 
Stamen  usually  1  only.  Fruits  about  h  Hne  diameter,  mostly  depressed 
with  a  horizontally  flat  seed,  but  some  of  the  lateral  ones  occasionally 
with  a  vertical  seed  and  the  perianth-segments  reduced  to  4  or  3. — 

VOL.   V.  M 


■jgg  xcvi.  CHEXOPODiACEiE.  [Chempodnm. 

Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  :J1.3  ;    C.  ambigmnn,  R.  Br.  Prod.  40? ;    Moq.   in 

DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  G?. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Paramatta,  TFoo//.'!;  Ash  i.slaiul,  ^ecZ7er.  />•       t      j 

Victoria.     Along  the  coast  from  the  Glenelg,  Holertson  and  others,  to  Gipps  Land, 

F.  MiidL  r  anJ  others.  i  •  i        i. 

Tasmania.     Port  Dalrymple,  B.  Brown ;  common  on  the  seacoast  near  higli-water 

mark,  /.  1).  Hoolcer.  . 

S.  Australia.     Kangaroo  island,  R.  Brown ;  Bethanie,  i'.  Mveller. 

W.  Australia.     Drummond,  Ji.  225  (in  some  herbaria  235) ;  Port  Gregory,  Oldfield. 

Tlin  specics  is  common  in  many  parts  of  Europe  and  temperate  Asia,  and  occurs  here 
and  there  in  other  parts  of  tlie  globe.  ,  ,_,,,. 

C.  littmde.  Moq.  in  DC.  Pn.d.  xiii.  ii.  65,  described  from  a  speciraen  of  Caley  s  in 
tlie  Paris  Herbarium,  wliich  1  have  not  seen,  may,  from  the  cbaracter  given,  be  a  form 
either  of  this  species  or  of  C.  albuin. 

Sect.  3.  BoTRYOis,  Moq. — Ghuidular  aromatic  lierbs  or  undershrubs, 
not  mealy.     Seeds  all  or  uearly  all  liorizontal. 

*8.  C.  ambrosioides,  IJnn. ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  ?2.  An 
erect  inucii-hnincluMl  auuual  of  1  to  2  ft.,  not  mealy  but  more  or  less 
g-landular-dotted  aud  strongly  aromatic.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong-, 
acute  or  obtuse,  the  lower  oues  irreg-ularly  toothed  or  sinuate,  con- 
tracted  into  a  short  petiole,  from  uuder  1  in.  to  above  2  iu.  long-,  the 
upper  ones  smaller  and  entire,  passing-  into  small  huear  or  huear- 
laucoolate  acute  petiohite  bracts,  all  green  on  both  sides,  g-hnichdar 
underueath.  Flowers  very  small  and  numerous,  sohtary  or  chistered 
in  the  axils  of  bracts  which  are  either  miuute  or  leafy  and  h)Ug-er  than 
the  chisters,  the  chisters  forming-  more  or  less  leafy  sleuder  iuterrupted 
spikes,  arranged  in  a  hirg-e  hnify  ])auich^  occupying-  the  g-reater  part  of 
the  phint.  Fruiting-  periauth  about  \  hne  diameter,  the  lobes  short, 
completely  or  ahnost  comi^letely  covering-  the  fruit.  Seeds  smooth  and 
shiuiug-,  :dl  or  mostly  horizontah 

Queensland.     Moreton  Bay,  F.  Mtieller;  Kockhampton,  O^Shanesy. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Port  Jackson,  E.  Brown  and  others  ;  New  Enghind,  C.  Stuart. 

W.  Australia,   Drnmmond,  n.  207. 

A  coninion  wced  in  southern  Europe,  ncrthern  Africa,  and  wistcrn  Asia,  and  spread 
with  cultivation  over  many  parts  of  the  world.  It  is  probably  introdnced  only  into 
xVu.stralia  as  suggettcd  in  K.  Browu's  notes,  and  on  that  account  omitted  in  his  Pro- 
dromus. 

Sect.  4.  Orthosporum,  R.  Br. — Decumbent  glanduhir  herbs  not 
mealy.     Seeds  all  verticah     Flower-clusters  aU  axiUary. 

9.  C.  carinatum,  R.  Br.  Prod.  40?.  Stems  mucli-branched  and 
procumbent  or  prostrate  at  the  base,  ascending-  to  from  ^  to  1  ft.  or 
more,  the  whole  phiut  more  or  less  glanduhir-pubescent.  Leaves  on 
long'  i^etioles,  ovate  or  oblong-,  obtuse,  coarsely  siuuate-toothed,  usually 
rather  thick  and  rug-ose,  g-hindtihir-scabrous  on  both  sides,  ^  to  1  in. 
long-,  tlie  upper  Horal  ones  often  much  reduced,  and  sometimes  all  the 
leaves  almost  orbictdar  and  smalh  Flowers  small,  in  dense  g-lobular 
clusters  in  ahnost  all  the  axils,  the  uj)])er  ones  sometimes  forming-  in- 
terrupted  more  or  less  leafy  spikes.     Perianth-seg-ments  erect,  incurved, 


Chenopodium.]  xcvi.  chenopodiace^.  163 

broadly  oblong-,  concave  and  almost  boat-shaped,  with  a  thickened 
broad  obtiise  keel,  more  or  less  pubescent  or  hirsute.  Stamen  iisiuilly 
1.  P^ruit  snudl,  ovoid,  erect,  the  pericarp  insef^arable  from  the  seed. — 
Sal.^ola  cari/iata,  Si^renji-.  Syst.  i.  923 ;  Ambrina  carinata,  Moq.  Chenop. 
Enum.  41  ;  Blitam  carinatum  and  B.  fflandulosvm,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiii.  ii.  81,  82;    Chenopodium  fflandulosiim,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vii.  11, 

Queensland.  Jlorcton  Bay,  W.  Hill,  F.  Jlueller,  and  others ;  Peak  Downs,  F. 
Muellvr ;  Riickliainptun,  O^Shaiiesi/:  Avmix>\\\h\,  Barton. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson,'  R.  Brown,  J.  D.Honler;  Bengalla,  Leichhardt; 
Clarcnce  river,  Beclder ;  Murr.iy  and  Darling  rivers,   Victorian  and  otlier  Expedition-f. 

Victoria.  Yana-Yarra,  F.  Mucller ;  Skipton  and  Creswick,  Whan;  Lockwood, 
Bissd. 

S.  Australia.  Bethanie,  Behr. ;  Mount  Barker,  Lofty  Eansres,  Lake  Torrens,  F. 
3Iueller. 

W,  Australia,  Drummoncl,  n.  165,  715. 

The  species  is  also  in  New  Zealand  and  New  Caledonia.  Tn  most  of  Drummond'8 
specimens  and  in  some  othcrs,  the  frniting  perianth  bas  a  tendency  to  dry  hlack  and  be- 
come  rather  thick,  showing  an  approach  to  the  European  typical  Blita. 

10.  C.  pumilio,  i?,  Br.  Prod.  407,  A  branching-  decumbent  filiform 
annual  of  about  1  in,,  more  or  less  hoary  with  crisped  or  g-kmdular  hairs. 
Leaves  on  slender  petioles,  ovate  or  oblong-,  entire,  1  to  2  lines  long*. 
Flowers  minute,  axillary,  soHtary  or  2  or  3  together  on  very  short 
pedicels,  Periantli-seg-ments  4  or  5,  linear,  erect,  concave,  slig-htly 
incurved,  nearly  ^  line  long-  when  in  fruit,  hirsute  with  a  few  crisped 
hairs, — Blittm  jjumilio,  Moq,  in  DC.  Prod,  xiii,  ii,  82;  Ambrina  pumilio, 
Moq,  Chenop,  Enum.  42, 

S.  Australia.  Kangaroo  island,  R.  Brown.  Possibly  a  diminutive  form  of  C.  cari- 
natum. 

11.  C.  cristatum,  F.  Mucll.  Frafffn.  vii.  11.  DifFuse  or  procumbent, 
with  ascending-  flowering-  branches  of  1  fc.  or  more,  the  whole  plant 
slig-htly  g-landular-pubescent.  Leaves  on  long-  petioles,  from  ovate  to 
oblong--lanceolate,  obtuse,  coarsely  toothed,  narrowed  at  the  base,  h  to 
1  in.  long",  gTeen  and  g-landular-scabrous  on  both  sides.  Flowers  in 
dense  g-lobular  clusters,  all  axillary.  Perianth-seg-ments  linear,  erect, 
not  incurved,  acute,  about  1  line  long-  when  in  fruit,  the  keel  dilated 
into  a  broad  fring-ed  crest  or  wing-.  Fruit  ovoid,  erect,  enclosed  in  the 
perianth.  Styles  very  slender, — Blitum  cristatum,  F.  Muell.  in  Traus. 
Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  73. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Darling  river,  Victorian  Expedition. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.     Fliuders  Eange,  F.  Mueller. 

12.  C.  atriplicinum,  F.  Muell.  Fraffm.  vii.  11.  Apparently  peren- 
nial,  branching-  at  the  base  only,  with  numerous  ascending-  "^or  erect 
stems  under  1  ft.  and  often  under  6  in,,  flowering-  from  near  the  base, 
of  a  pale  green  and  slig-htly  g-landular-pubescent,  Lower  leaves  on 
long-  slender  petioles,  from  lanceolate  to  broadly  hastate,  otherwise 
entire,  rather  thick,  |  to  1  in,  long-,  the  upper  ones  smaller  lanceolate 
and  entire,  but  all  petiolate,     Flowers  in  dense  sessile  axillary  clusters 

M  2 


Ig4  xcvi.  CHEXOPODiACE^.  [Chenopodium. 

shorter  thau  the  petioles.  Perianth-segments  4  or  5,  erect,  lanceolate, 
rather  ahove  1  line  long-,  the  points  somewhat  spreading-,  the  keel 
much  tliickened  and  irregiilarly  angiihir  at  the  hase.  Stamen  1.  Seed 
erect,  nio-ose,  enclosed  in  the  perianth. — BUtum  atriplicinum.,  F.  Muell. 
in  TransrVict.  Inst.  1855,  133,  and  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  viii.  204. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Darling  desert,  Victorian  Expedition. 

Victoria.     Wimniera,  Dallacliy. 

S.  Australia.     Flinders  Rauge,  F.  Ilueller. 

3.  DYSPHANIA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  poljgamous.  Perianth  of  1  to  3  minute  segTnents,  which 
■when  in  fruit  are  clavate,  concave  or  hood-shaped,  white  and  almost 
transparcnt.  Stems  1  to  3.  Ovary  ovoid  ;  styles  1  or  2,  very  finely 
fiUform.  Fruit  ovoid,  the  pericarp  inseparahle  from  the  seed.  Seed 
erect  testa  crustaceous  with  a  verv  thin  memhranous  inner  integument. 
Emhrvo  circuhir  enclosing-  a  mealy  alhumen  ;  radicle  inferior. — Small 
annuals.  Leaves  alternate,  flat,  entire.  Fh:)wers  minute,  in  chisters 
eithor  all  axilhirv  or  in  terminal  spikes,  the  females  numerous,  the  her- 
maphrodite  ones  few  in  each  cluster. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia.     It  is  nearly  allied  to  tlip  section  Orthosporum  of 
Chenojjodium, hnt  readily  disiinguislied  by  tlie  reiiiaikable  periMnth. 
Fruiting  perianth  of  3  (rarelj'  2)  segments  falling  off  wiih  the 
fnut.     St.vle  1.     Phint  of  1  to  3  in. 

Flower-clusters  forming  a  dense  terniinal  leafless  spike      .     .     .  1.  D.  plantaginella. 

Flower-clusters  ch)bely  contiguous  but  axidary,  foruiing  a  leafy 

spike 2.  D.  littoralis. 

Fniiiiiigperianth  usually  of  a  single  segment.     Styles  2.     Plant 

ofStoGin.     Flower-clusters  aUa.xillary  ani.1  distinct        ...  3.  D.  myriocphala. 

1.  D.  plantaginella,  F.  Mudl.  Frafim.  i.  Cl.  An  erect  hranching- 
annual  of  1  to  3  in.,  slig-htly  g-hinduhir-hairy.     Stem  leavesin  the  lower 

fiart  of  the  phint  petiuhite,  ovate  or  ohovato,  ohtuse,  entire,  2  to  41ines 
ong'.  Flowers  resemhling-  those  of  D.  littoralis,  hut  the  clusters  crowded 
in  dense  terminal  cyhndrical  leafless  spikes  of  1  to  2  in.,  and  conse- 
quently  occupying*  the  greater  portion  of  the  phant.  Perianth  of  3 
obovato-clavate  concave  segments,  ahout  \  line  long-,  and  falHng-  ofi"  with 
the  fruit.  Style  1,  very  deciduous. 
N.  Australia.     Sturl's  Creek,  F.  JliteUer. 

2.  D.  littoralis,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  411.  A  small  plant  apparently  annual, 
although  somctimes  hard  and  perhaps  fleshy  at  the  hase,  with  ascend- 
ing"  hranching"  stems  of  2  to  3  in.,  glahrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  all 
petiohite,  ovate  or  ohlonp:,  ohtuse,  entire,  rather  thick  and  sometimes 
ileshy,  not  ahove  2  Hnes  long-.  Flower-clusters  all  axilhiry,  hut  nearly 
all  close  tog-ether,  forming-  a  terminal  leafy  s])ike  occu])ying-  the  g-reater 
part  of  the  ])lant,  the  lower  clusters  sometimes  rather  more  distant. 
Flowers  numerous  in  the  cluster,  chiefly  ftmales.  Perianth  of  3  or 
rarely  2  seguneuts  falling-  ofl"  tog-ether  and  euclosing-  the  fruit,  the  seg'- 
ments  all  equal,  obovate,  clavate,  concave,  contracted  at  the  base,  about  \ 


JDi/spkania.]  xcvi.   chenopodiace^.  165 

line  lonti-.  Fruit  still  shorter,  obovoid,  somewhat  ohlique  ;  style  1,  very 
finely  filiform  and  very  deciduous.  Stamens  1  or  2  but  dilficult  to  find, 
the  anthers  falling-  otf  early  from  the  very  minute  llowers. 

N.  Australia.     ]\Ioist  salt  places  on  tl.e  N.  coast  (snatched  iip  in  tlie  hiirry  of 
escnpi"  ticni  an  armed  nalive  in  close  pursuit,  and  never  seen  aj;ain),  Ji  Brown. 
S.  Australia.     l"'looded  ground  S.  ot"  Wills  Creek,  HowitC^s  Exjjedition. 

3.  D.  myriocephala,  Bcnth.  A  diffuse  or  proctuiibent  g-labrous  or 
slig'htly  glandular-pubescent  annual,  much  larg-er  than  the  two  preced- 
ing'  species,  although  the  ascending-  branching'  stems  rarely  exceed  6 
in.  Leaves  petiolate,  oblong-  or  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  scarcely  acute, 
rarely  above  \  in.  long-.  Flower-clusters  all  axillary  and  distinct,  very 
numerous,  occupying  the  greater  part  of  the  plant,  giobular  and  scarcely 
exceeding-  1  line  in  diameter  when  in  fruit,  and  often  much  smaller, 
although  containing-  10  to  20  or  evenmore  llowers,  chieily  females,  witli 
a  very  few  herm-aphrodite  or  male  ones.  Segments  of  the  fruiting' 
perianlh  sing'le  and  falling"  off  separately,  about  \  line  long',  obovoid- 
clavate  and  as  it  were  inilated,  shortly  contracted  at  the  base.  Seed 
ovoid  like  that  of  D.  littoruUs,  but  more  regular  and  slightly  flattened  ; 
styles  2,  very  fine,  but  shorter  than  the  single  one  of  D.  Uttoralis.  Sta- 
mens  1  or  2,  with  very  short  broad  filaments  and  comparatively  larg-e 
anthers. — D.  UttoraUs,  Moc{.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  80,  not  of  R.  Br. 

Victoria.  Sandy  occasionally  fiooded  banks  of  the  Murray  near  the  junction  of  the 
Gol<jn!,  F.  Mueller. 

\IV.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  20G. 

M(iqnin's  description  is  taken  !rom  a  specimen  of  Drumniond's  in  •which  he  had  cor- 
rectly  observed  the  two  styles,  but  in  which  1  have  ahvays  found  in  every  c.nsier  as 
many  or  nearly  as  many  fiuits  as  eniargrd  perianlh-sei;nients,  but  as  ihese  fall  oft"  sepa- 
rately,  it  is  difticult  to  asceitain  wlietlier  tliere  ma}-  not  soinctimes  be  two  to  one  fruit. 
Moquin  in  describing  three  has  probably  folluwed  Brown's  character  founded  on  the 
true  D.  litturalis. 

4.  ATRIPLEX,  Linn. 
(Obione  and  Theleopliyton,  Moq.) 

Flowers  unequal.  Male  perianth  nearly  globular,  deeply  divided 
into  5,  rarely  fewer  seg-ments.  Stamens  5  or  fewer.  Female  perianth 
very  small  at  the  time  of  flowering-,  2-toothed  or  2-lobed,  enclosing 
the  ovary.  Styles  2,  free  or  united  at  the  base.  Fruiting-  perianth  much 
enlarg-ed  and  variously  shaped,  the  tube  very  small  or  large,  flat  or 
variously  thickened,  the  limb  of  2  varioush-  shaped  segments  or  vulves 
closely  appressed,  at  least  at  the  margin  (except  in  A.  campamdatd),  en- 
tire  or  toothed.  Fruit  entirely  enclosed  in  tlie  tube  or  between  the 
valves.  Pericarp  membranous,  ver}-  thin.  Seed  compressed,  vertical ; 
testa  crustaceous,  often  thin  with  a  very  thin  inner  integuraent  some- 
times  scarcely  distinct.  Embryo  surrounding'  a  mealy  albumen,  the 
radicle  superior  lateral  or  inferior. — Herbs  or  shrubs,  more  or  less 
mealy  or  scaly-tomentose.  Leaves  alternate  or  tlie  lower  ones  rarely 
opposite,  flat,  entire  hastate  or  sinuate-toothed.  Male  flowers  in 
giobular  clusters,  either  detached  from  the  females  in  close  or  interrupted 


lOG  xcvi.   CHENOPODIACE.I:.  [Atriplex. 

simple  or  ptiniculate  t?i)ikes,  or  axillary  and  then  each  cluster  usually 
surrounded  b}'  females ;  female  llowers  usually  in  axillary  clusters, 
rarely  solitary  or  the  chisters  in  terminal  k^aHess  panicles.  Bracts  sub- 
tenihng-  the  male  as  well  as  the  female  llowers  usuallj  minute,  or  quite 
obsolete. 

Thp  gcnns  is -widely  (listrilnited  over  most  parts  nf  the  sxlolio,  chiefiy  in  maritime  or 
siibsiliiie  districts,  some  species  also  freqiienting  rich  cultivateii  gr  lunds.  Ot'  the  tliiity 
Au-~tialian  species,  one  is  a  common  Euvopean  weed  of  cnltiv.ition  possibly  of  modern 
introdiiction  inlo  Anstralia,  two  are  also  in  New  Zealand,  the  others  appt-ar  all  to  be 
end<-mic,  for  altliough  one  is  nearly  allied  to  a  New  Caledonian  species,  anotlier  to  a 
Snuth  Alrican  one,  and  oihcrs  niay  lie  more  or  less  conipared  with  other  exntic  ones, 
there  are  none  wliich  I  liave  been  able  prccisely  to  ideniify.  'J  he  specific  characters 
are  in  many  instamies  takcn  cliiefly  from  the  fruiling  perianths,  wliich  are  so  extraordi- 
narily  diver^ified  in  the  gcniis,  and  which  evi-lently  vary  aiso  to  a  certain  degree  even 
on  ihe  same  individual.  It  may  therefbre  possibly  be  shown  hcreafter  that  in  some  in- 
stances  tlie  dislinctions  here  relied  upou  may  not  prove  suflficiently  constant  to  retain 
their  spccific  value. 

Moquin,  relying  apparently  on  observatinns  communicated  by  Fengl,  considcrs  that 
the  lobes  or  vaives  of  tlie  feinale  perianth  of  Atri/dexaye  really  bracts  (bracteoles),  for, 
he  says,  in  monslrous  female  flnwers  of  Atriplex  and  normaily  in  Exomis,  minute 
perianth-segments  occur  wiihin  thcse  bracts.  Trusting  imphcitly  to  his  observatious  I 
ehould,  with  most  recent  botanists,  have  adofited  his  views,  but  tiiat,  on  a  careful  ex- 
amination  of  the  vaiious  forms  assunied  by  tliis  perianth  in  Australian  species  and  of  its 
Btructure  at  the  time  of  floweriug,  I  couid  by  110  means  reconcile  its  insertion  and  de- 
velo|jmcnt  with  any  other  view  than  tliat  of  its  bcing  thf  homologue  of  the  male  perianth. 
This  iiiduced  nie  to  examiiie  a  considerable  number  of  flowers  and  fruits  of  botli  species 
o{ Eri  mis.  In  E.  allicuns  1  fiml  the  structure  quite  tliat  of  Atriplex,  nor  can  I  discuver 
an\tlii-)g  that  might  be  taken  for  minute  perianth-segnienls  unless  it  be  sometimes  some 
rudiraentaiy  stamens.  A  sniall  adilitional  peiianth-lobe  oc(  urrcd  cni^e,  not  inside  of  the 
two  valves,  but  in  their  sinus  on  one  side,  and  I  have  occasiiinally  but  veiy  rarely  seen 
thiee  valves  to  ihc  peiiantli  of  Atr'rple.v.  In  Exomi.s  a.ryrioides  the  case  is  qnite  dif- 
ferent.  I  find  the  female  pcrianth  alortive  or  reduced  to  niinute  scales  and  tlie  quasi- 
Jctiolate  biacls  describrd  by  iMoqniii  appear  to  mc  to  be  real  subtending  bracts  or  floral 
eaves,  one  only  to  each  tlower,  althougli  when  iii  frnit,  owing  to  tlie  abnrlion  of  some  of 
the  nvaries,  thcre  may  be  2  or  3  bracts  to  (me  fruit.  biil  never  twn  opposite  onos  iinited 
at  the  base  aiid  enclosing  the  friiit,  as  in  Atriplex  and  in  .Exomis  albicans,  which  latter 
species  ou^lit  sur.ly  to  be  rcsiored  to  Atri/At-x. 

A  few  mndern  botani.sts  have.  aftcr  Pliny,  treated  tlie  name  Atriplex  as  of  the  neiiter 
instead  of  the  feininine  gcndcr.  As  tlieie  is  classical  authoiity  tor  both,  I  have  prefened 
foll()\ving  Linnaeus,  De  Candolle  and  the  great  majority  of  botanists  in  treating  it  as 
feminine. 

Iii  tlie  arrangement  of  the  Australian  species  I  have  been  unable  to  retain  Moquin'8 
dislinction  between  Atriphx  and  Obione  even  as  seciional  The  thickening  of  fhe 
peiiaiith  over  the  fruit  may  be  observed  in  every  dcgree  from  flat  aiid  membranoua 
to  haril  anii  t  •letc,  aml  in  species  so  closely  allied  as  A.  infliita  and  ^-1.  liolocarpa,  or  as 
A  Draiinnoiidi  and  A.  isatiilea,  tlie  radicle  is  superior  iii  tlie  one  and  inferior  or  lateral 
in  the  other.  'J  hc  deviaiinn  fmm  tbe  Tiormal  pn.sitinn  of  the  seed,  transvcrse  instead  of 
parallel  to  the  valves,  in  A.  Bi  hrdieii  is  remarkable,  but  is  scarcely  snfficient  fnr  scpa- 
rating,  on  that  character  alnne  a  single  species  from  a  large  geiius  otherwise  so  natural 
and  so  well  defined. 

Rkries  1.  Paniculatse. — D.oenovs  or  .'^emidimcioiis  smhi  tomentnse  sliriihs.  tlie  male 
clusters  in  more  or  less  branched  or paniculute  dense  or  interrupted  leafless  spikes. 
Dicecinus,  both  sexes  paniculate. 
Fruiiin}:  perianths  flat. 

Frniting  pcrianths  reniform.     Rpikes  in  male  panicles  inter- 
ruptcd. 

Fruiting  perianths  on  a  slender  stipes \.  A.  sti^ntata. 


l 


Atriplex.]  xcvi.  chenopodiace^.  167 

Fniiting-perianths  sessile 2.  A.  Iloquiniana. 

Fruiting  perinnths  ovale  or  broadly  cordate,  with  a  short  solid 
base  or  stipes.     Leaves  narrow  (feniale  inflorescence  niore 

simple  and  leafy) 3.  A.  paludosa. 

Fruitiiig  perianlhs   ovate  or  slightly  cordate,  qiiite  sessile. 

Leaves  uiDStly  oliovate.     Feinale  panicles  more  branched        4.  A.  Drummondii. 
Fruiting  periiinths  with  tliick  convex  valves. 

Leaves  elliptical  or  oblong,   l.\   to  3  in.     Female  panicles 

brauched 5.  A.  isatidea. 

Leaves  mostly   orbicnlar,   ^   to  1  iu.     Female  inflorcscence 

more  simple  aud  leafy Q.  A.  nummularia. 

Semi-dicecious.     Female  fiowers  solitary  or  very  few  in  the  axils 

of  tlie  stem-leaves  of  the  male  plants,  more  clustered  but  all 

axillary  in  the  females. 

Leaves  mostiy  obiong.     Fruiting  perianths  broadly  trianguUir 

or  rhomboiJ,  flat  or  thiclicned  over  the  fruit,  with  a  turbinate 

solid  base 1.  A.  cinerea. 

Leaves  ovate  or  lanceolate  sometimes  hastate.     Fruiling  peri- 
anths  thickened  to  tlie  margin. 

Fniiting  perianths  li  to  3  lines  diaraeter 8.  .4.  rliagodiodes. 

Fruiting  periantlis  4  to  5  lines  diameter 9.-4.  incrassuta. 

Series2.  Vesicariae. — Small  hushy  or  dfcumhent  more  or  less  stah/  tomentose 
shruhs,  dioeciius  or  moncecvms.  Mule  jlowers  in  short  terminal  dense  spiLes,  feinales 
ajcillary.  Fruitiny  perianth  orbicular,  membranous,  withlarge  membranous  appendages 
on  eachface. 

Leaves  obovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  usually  white,  4  to   8  lines 

long.     Eastern  spt-cies  mostly  monoecious 10.  A.  vesicaria. 

Leaves  narrow,  less  white,  mostly  2  to  4  lines  long.     Western 

species  mostly  dioecious 11.  ^.  hymenotheca. 

Series  3.    Oleraceae. — Monoscious  annuals  usually  tall   or    spreading,  green  or 
slightly  menly.     Flowers  clusiered  in  the  axils  and  in  terminalpanicles.     Vulves  ofthe 
fruiling perianth  Jiat  or  muricate.    (Int-oduced  species.) 
Erect  plant  of  4  or  5  ft.     Leaves  broad.     Flowers  crowded  ia  a 

long  panicle.  Fruiting  perianth  broad,  thin  and  flat,  the  valves 

free  to  the  base *   A.  hortensis. 

Erect  and  2  or  8  ft.,  or  spreading  or  procumbent.    Leaves  narrow 
except  the  L>wer  ones.     Flowers  usually  in  distant  clusters. 

Fruiting  peri  inth  tiiickeued  ut  the  basa,  t..e  valves  united  to 

near  tlie  midJie 12.  A.patula. 

Series  4.  Glomeratse. — Minoecious  decumhent  procumhent  or  spreading  herhs, 
scalytomentose  or  very  rarely  gre.en.  Mcde  ftoivers  in  glohular  cbis'ers  surrounded  by 
afeic  females  in  the  upper  ti.vils  or  rarely  forming  a  short  tc.rininal  spike,  femalcs  clus- 
tered  in  the  lower  axds  without  males.  Fruiting  perianths  more  or  Itss  compressed, 
coiispicuously  2-valved. 

Fruiting  perianth  flat,  rhomboidal,  the  valves  free  ahnost  or  quite 
to  the  base.  clo  ing  over  the  friiit. 
Leaves  narrow,  entire.     Male  flowcrs  in   short  terminal  com- 
pact  spikes.     Fruiting  perianth  with  a  small  turbinate  solid 

base 13.  ^.  humilis. 

Leaves  broad,  mostly  sinuate.     Male  flowers  axiilary  or  the 
upper  ones   spicate.      Fruiting  perianth  triangular  with    a 

broad  baKC 14.-4.  velutinella,. 

Fruiting  perianth  witli  a  compressed  tnrbinate  base  half  enclosing 
the  Iruit,  shorler  than  or  n^it  hmger  than  the  v.ilves 
Leaves  nearly  orbicnlar,  about  1  in.  diameter.     Fruiting  peri- 
anth  stipitate,  the  valves  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  the 
tube .15.-4.  angulata. 


168  XCVI.    CHENOPODlACEiE.  [AtriplcX. 

Leaves  narrow,  usnally  green,  4  to  1  in.  lnng.    Fruiting  peri  inth 

se-silc,  rhoml  oidal,  ihe  valves  not  bp  adcr  th:\n  tiie  nibe  .     .   16.  A.  semibaccata. 
I.eaves  2  to  S  lines  !(  ng.     Irniiing  jierianth  ihonibuidal,  ,.bout 

1    ine  (iiani  ter,  witli  a  sho:t  soiid  base 17.  A.  exili/olia. 

Fniitin?  iieriaiilli   vith  a  globdar  ovo  d  or  slii;litly  compresseJ 

tiiUe  eMcl<>.--iiifr  the  fruit,  tlie  valves  shorfer  ihan  tiie  lube, 
Sjiri-adiiig  ("r  ercet  ?).      L.  aves  bra  1,  ninstly  touthed  and  2  in. 

loi.g  or  niorc.     Fniiting  perianth  1  to  1  4  lines  dianieter  .      .    18.  A.  Mtielleri. 
Ditlusj.     Leaves  cib  ivatc  or  oblong,  r.nely  above  2   lines  long. 

Fiuiting  iH-vianth  1  to  l^  lines  diameier       ......   19.  A.  elachojihylla. 

Prixunileiit.   Leaves  narruw,  |  to  4  in.  lung.  Fruiting  peiiaiiths 

cliisiered,  ncarly  J  line  diameter    .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .  20.  A.  microcarpa. 

Proslrate.  Leavt  s  narrow,  1  to  2  lines  long.  Fruiting  perianths 

clusUTed,  scarcely  4  line  diameter .     _.  21.  A.  prostrata. 

Procumbent.     Leaves  ovate,  1  to  14  lines  lor.g.     Fruiting  peii- 

aiilhs  1  or  2  in  the  axils,  .searcely  4  hne  diameter  .      .     .      .22.  A.pumilio. 
Frniling  periaiiih  niinute,  the  valves  IVei',  spieading.   Small  erect 

phint  glabrous  and  preen.     Leavcs  2  hnes  h.ng 23.  A.  glomuli/era. 

Fruiting  peiiaiilh  \\ith  an  obliqnely  camiianulate  slightly  com- 
pie^sed  tube  with  apj^endages  011  the  shorler  face.  Valves 
toothed,  unequal  and  scarcely  appressed 24.  A  campanulata. 

Sehie^  5.  Parviloba. — Monmiovs  spnading  or  j}rncumlent  herls  or  iind  rshruls 
scahi  tomfut  se  or  mea'ij.  Injiorescfnre  0/  tle  Ghimeratce.  Fruiting perianths  not 
comprissed,  endosing  tlie/ruii,  the  orifice  small  closed  bi/  small  erect  appressed  vahes. 

Fruiting  perianth  cylindrical,  n;irrow. 

Valves  of  the  iVuiiiiig  perianth  minutc,  entire,  withoiit  appen- 

dages 25.  .4.  leptocarpa. 

Valvts  2-hnrned  with  a  minute  central  lobc  and  a  dorsal  appen- 

dage  beiwecn  tlie  hdrns 26.  ^-1.  limlala. 

Fruiting  pcri.mth  inflated  and  sp :)ngy. 

IViiiting  i^eiianth  hemisphciical  or  turbinate  with  an  almost 

(lat  ti.p   and  acute  or  wiiiged  margin.     Eadicle  lateral  or 

almnst  inteiior 27.  A.  halimoides. 

Fniiting  perianth  turbiuate-glohular,  4  to  6  lines   diameter. 

R  .dicle  siiperior 28.  ^.  holocarpa. 

Fniiiiiig  pciiaiiih  depressed-globular,  not  2    lincs    diameter. 

liauicle  suj crior 29.  .4.  spong'osa. 

Serifs  6  (orSE.Tif^x  2).  Theleophyton. — Monoccious  prosfrate  crystnlline  herb. 
Fliwers  ariVary.  P>riunth  oboroid  uith  short  valves.  iSeed  compressed,  ut  right 
anges  uith,  not parallel  to  the  valtes. 

Siiigle  species 30.  vL  BiUnrdieri. 

*  A.  liortemis,  Linn.  {Atriplex  sect.  Dichospermum  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii  90, 
91),  an  crect  gicen  aiinual  ot  4  or  5  ft.,  with  large  broad  leaves,  and  numerons  flowers 
crovvded  iii  a  long  terminal  panirle,  the  fniiting  peiiaiiths  broiid,  thin,  fiat  and  entire, 
intermixid  wiih  a  few  s  1  a  1  iegii!ar  5  cleft  peri.iiitlis  witli  horizuntal  secds,  a  plant  of 
east  EiM-opeaii  or  west  Asiatio  oiigin,  vcry  long  cuitivated  as  a  vegetable  uiider  the 
n.une  <.f  Urache,  has  beeii  scnt  fioiu  N.  S.  Walcs  and  from  Victoria  as  an  escajie  Irom 
gauUnB. 

Series  1.  PANicuLAT.ai. — Dicecious  or  semidioecious  scaly-tomen- 
tose  i^hmbs,  the  male  chisters  in  more  or  less  branched  or  pnniculate 
dens3  or  in'errupted  leaH.^ss  spikes,  thc  fom.iles  either  also  panicuhtte  or 
spicate  or  in  axillary  chisters. 

1.  A.  stipitata,  Benth.  An  erect  bushy  rather  slender  shrub, 
scaly  white  or  somewhat  fulvous  all  over.     Leaves  from   obovate  to 


Atriplex.]  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACEiE.  169 

naiTow-oblong-,  very  obtuse,  cntire,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole, 
mostly  rather  thick,  ^  to  |  in.  long-.  Flowers  difficious,  the  males 
numerous  in  little  g-lobidar  clustavs  scarcely  2  lines  diameter,  all  dis- 
tinct  and  somewhat  distant,  in  slightly  branched  terminal  panicles  or 
ahnost  simple  spikes ;  feniales  in  smalier  chisters,  the  lower  ones  often 
soHtary  in  the  axils,  the  upper  ones  in  a  somewhat  leafy  spike  or  panicle, 
some  of  them  sessile  ovoid  or  globuhir  shortly  2-lobed,  enclosing-  an 
apparently  perfect  ovary  but  soon  falhng-  otf,  the  greater  number  more 
or  less  stipitate  at  a  very  early  ag-e  with  broad  tlat  valves.  Fruiting 
perianth  on  a  slender  stipes  of  2  to  4  hnes,  with  a  small  campanulate 
tube  half  enclosing-  the  fruit ;  valves  ilat,  reniform,  entire,  4  to  5  lines 
broad.  Seed  orbicuLir,  llat,  the  radicle  superior. — A.  renifonnis,  F. 
Muell.  Fragm.  vii.  9,  as  to  the  eastern  stations,  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Desert  of  the  Darling,  Victorian  Expedition,  Mrs.  Ford ;  also  in 
Leichhardt's  Cdllettioii. 

Victoria.  Iti  tlie  N.  W.  portion  of  tbe  colonj,  L.  Morton  (the  specimens  not  in 
friiit  aiid  therefnro  diubtlul). 

S.  Australia.  Miirray  scrub,  Behr.,  F.  Mueller ;  Gawler's  range,  Sullivan ; 
towards  Spencer's  Gulf,  Warbarton. 

2.  A.  Moquiniana,  Wchb. ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  97  (from  the 
character  g-iven).  A  small  much-branched  scaly-tomentose  shrub,  with 
the  habit  foliage  and  intiorescence  of  A.  stipitata  but  with  a  ditferent 
fruiting"  perianth.  Leaves  obovate  or  broadly  oblong",  entire,  J  ^o  f  in. 
long".  Flowers  dioecious,  the  males  in  distinct  g-lobidar  clusters  usually 
smaller  than  in  A.  stipitata  but  forming-  simikar  panicles ;  feniales  in 
panicles  or  spikes  leafy  at  the  base  as  in  A.  stipitata,  but  I  have  not 
observed  in  them  any  dimorphism.  Fruiting-  j)erianth  sessile,  orbicular- 
cordate  or  ahnost  reniform  but  usually  as  long-  as  broad,  flat  with 
scarcely  any  tube.  Seed  orbicidar ;  radicle  lateral. — A.  reniformis,  F. 
Muell.  Fragm.  vii.  9,  as  to  the  Western  specimens. 

N.  Australia.     Bay  of  Rest,  N.  W.  Coa^t,  A.  Cnnningham. 

W.  Australia.  Murchison  river,  Oidfield ;  Shaiks  Bay,  Milne;  Abrolhos 
islaud<,  Bynoe. 

3.  A.  paludosa,  li.  Br.  Prod.  406.  An  erect  spreading-  or  diffuse 
shrub  (or  undershrub  .'')  covered  with  a  white  or  fulvous  scaly  tomentum. 
Leaves  lanceohite  or  oblong,  usually  narrow,  obtuse,  entire,  contracted 
into  a  short  petiole,  ^  to  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  dioecious  or  nearly  so, 
the  males  in  httle  globidar  distinct  or  distant  clusters  in  terminal  pani- 
cles  rarely  reduced  to  interrupted  spikes  ;  the  female  inflorescence  more 
simple  and  leafv,  the  lower  clusters  all  axillary.  Fruiting-  perianth  on 
a  thick  stipes  sometimes  very  short,  sometimes  above  1  line  long-,  the 
valves  in  the  typical  form  broadly  ovate-trianguhir,  flat,  mostly  acute, 
often  toothed  towards  the  base,  2  to  3  lines  long-  and  broail,  truncate  at 
the  base  and  ahnost  entirely  free.  Seed  enclosed  in  the  valves,  with 
a  lateral  radicle. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  102  (partly). 

Victoria.     In  maritime  wet  sandy  places,  Port  Albert,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.     Port  Dalryniple,  li.  Brown. 

W.  Australia.     King  George'8  Sound,  R.  Brown. 


170  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACKiE.  [AtriplcX. 

Var.  cordata.  Friiiting  peiianth  nearly  oibicnlar  and  broadlj' cordate. — A.  reniformis, 
K.  Br.  Tiod.  -1U(3;    ^lo(|.  in  DC.  l'rod,  xiii.  ii.  lUl. 

S.  Australia.  Kangaroo  IslanJ,  li.  JJrown,  WaterJiouse ;  Port  Adelaide,  F. 
Muelkr. 

Var.?  appendiculata.  Frniting  periantli  of  the  shapeofthat  of  the  var.  cor^lata,  but 
lon"er,  at  least  5  lines  diameter,  with  a  small  foliaceous  appenila>.'e  at  the  base  of  the  disk 
on  one  side,  showing'  an  approach  to  tlie  perianth  of  A .  vesicaria. — N.  W.  of  the  liea  1  of 
the  Great  Bight,  Delisser.  A  sniall  fragment  in  fruit  only  and  tlie  affinitj  uncertain. 
There  are  aiso  in  Herb.  F.  Mueller  specimens  from  various  other  localities  which  may 
belong  to  A.  paludusa,  but  being  in  leaf  only  they  cannot  be  determined. 

4.  A.  Drummondii,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  102.  An  erect 
busliy  slinib  attainiiiy  3  or  4  ft.,  white  or  fulvous  witli  a  scaly  tomen- 
tum.  Leaves  obovate  or  oblong-,  obtuse,  entire,  contracted  into  a  short 
petiole,  mostly  |  to  1  inch  long-.  Flowers  dioecious,  both  sexes  in  ter- 
minal  panicles,  the  male  clusters  rather  small,  in  numerous  short  dense 
spikes ;  the  female  panicles  rather  more  leafy  at  the  base  with  numerous 
nowers,  the  fruiting-  panicles  dense.  Fruiting-  perianth  Hat,  broadly 
ovate-triang-uhir,  sUghtly  cordate,  2^  to  3  Hnes  long-,  the  valves  free, 
membranous,  entire  or  slig-litly  toothed  at  the  base.  Fruit  liat,  raised 
on  a  small  thickened  base  within  the  valves.  Radicle  hiteral. — .-1.  pulu- 
dosa,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  633,  not  of  R.  Br. ;  A.  paludosa  var.  dbovata, 
Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  102. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond.  n.  134  {i)  and  135  (9) ;  Eottenest  Ishand,  Freiss,  n. 
1255;  Tcrt  Gregory,  OldfieJd ;  Fitzgerald  flats,  Maxiuell. 

Ahhough  allied  to  A.  paludosa,  this  species  appears  to  be  snfficientl}'  distinct  in 
foliage  and  inflorescence  and  probably  in  stature,  as  well  as  in  the  quite  sessile  frniting 
perianth.  Moqnin  describe.s  tlie  val\es  as  ellipiical,  but  it  is  evident  that  in  the 
Bpeciniens  he  saw,  as  iu  all  Drumniond's,  they  were  not  yet  fully  formed. 

5.  A.  isatidea,  Moq.  Chcnop.  Enum.  03,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  101. 
An  erect  robust  shrub,  attaining- 16  ft.  (Oldjicld),  densely  scaly-tomen- 
tose.  Leaves  elhptical  obovate  or  oblong-,  obtuse,  entire  or  sHghtly 
sinuate,  contracted  into  a  rather  long"  petiole,  thick  and  soft,  1 J  to  3  in. 
long\  Flowers  dioecious,  both  sexes  in  dense  much-branched  terminal 
panicles,  the  males  without  the  axiUary  female  flowers  of  A.  cinerca,  the 
lemales  sometimes  with  a  very  few  male  flowers  intermixed,  Fruiting" 
periantlis  with  a  thick  soHd  turbinate  base,  the  valves  semicircular  or 
almost  rhomboidal,  thick,  entire,  3  to  4  Hnes  diameter,  shortly  united 
at  the  base,  the  disk  smooth,  tuberculate  or  muricate  with  soft  appen- 
dages ;  intermixed  witli  these  are  other  perianths  not  half  so  larg-e  and 
more  orbicular,  in  which  however  I  have  not  found  perfect  seeds. 
Fruit  half-incHided  in  the  closed  base  of  the  perianth,  covered  by  the 
appressed  valves.  Radicle  superior. — A.  halimus  var.  crccta,  Nees  in 
PL  Preiss.  i.  ()33  (Moquin). 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  n.  226  {or  223?),  Fraser,  P/Ym,  n.  1259; 
Murchison  river  aad  S.  W.  Bay,  0/(//itW;  Sharks  Bay,  Milne ;  Abrolh.,s  islands, 
Bynoe. 

6.  A.  nummularia,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  64.  An  erect 
shrub  attaining-  several  ft.,  with  spreading:  branches,  the  whole  plant 


Atriplex.]  xcvi.  che.vopodiace.t:.  l'i 

covered  with  a  scaly  tomentum.  Leaves  on  ratlier  long-  petioles,  mostly 
orbicular,  rather  thick,  entire  or  scarcely  sinuate-toothed,  more  rarely 
bordered  by  numerous  small  teeth,  ^  to  1  in.  diameter,  or  on  some 
luxuriant  branches  nearly  2  in.  Flowers  dioecious,  the  male  clusters 
forminji-  dense  oblong-  or  shortly  cylindrical  spikes,  in  more  or  less 
branched  terminal  panicles,  either  leatless  or  sparingly  leafy  at  the 
base,  the  females  also  chistered  in  dense  terminal  rather  more  leafy 
spikes  or  panicles,  with  a  few  Howers  also  in  the  axils  of  the  upper 
stem-leaves.  Fruiting-  perianth  sessile,  from  ovate  to  orbicular,  2  to  3 
lines  long-,  rounded  or  truncate  not  cordate  at  the  base,  the  valves  free 
nearl}'  to  the  base,  thickened  and  hardened  over  the  fruit  at  the  base, 
the  remainder  Hat  and  herbaceous,  entire  or  toothed  on  each  side 
towards  the  base.     Radicle  superior. — Moc|.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  460. 

Queensland.     Darling  Dnwns,  Lau. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Macquarrie  river,  Mitchtll ;  Castlereagh  river,  Woolh ;  Darling 
river,  Mrs.  Ford. 

Victoria.     Murray  scrub,  F.  Muellpr,  Herrgott. 

S.  Australia.  In  the  interior,  IIowitt's  Expedition,  also  M'Douall  Stuarfs 
Erptdition. 

Moquin  in  Herb.  Hook.  had  referred  this  plant  to  A.  capensis,  to  which  it  bears  some 
resembiance,  but  appears  to  me  sufficiently  distinct.  Tlie  A.  halimtis,  Br.,  quoted  by 
Moquiu  with  doubt  under  A.  capensis  (in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  100)  is  A.  cinerea. 

7.  A.  cinerea,  Poir.  Dict.  Suppl.  i.  471.  A  branching- shrub,  some- 
times  low  or  shghtly  decumbent,  more  frequently  erect  and  attaining* 
several  feet,  white  or  ashy  g'rey  all  over  with  a  scaly  tomentum.  Leaves 
oblong-  or  hmceolate,  rarely  almost  ovate,  obtuse,  entire,  contracted 
into  a  short  petiole,  mostly  1  to  2  in.  long-,  but  in  some  specimens 
scarcely  exceeding*  1  in.  or  smaller.  Flowers  semidioecious,  the  males 
in  dense  g-lobular  clusters  of  2  to  4  lines  diameter  collected  into  a  ter- 
minal  spike  either  short  and  interrupted  at  the  base  or  2  or  3  in.  long* 
with  a  few  short  densely  oljlong-  or  cylindrical  branches,  the  flowers 
often  not  quite  sessile  in  the  chisters.  Female  flowers  in  axillary 
clusters  on  the  female  plants,  and  also  1  or  2  female  flowers  in  the 
axils  of  the  upper  stem-leaves  of  the  male  plants.  Fruiting-  perianths 
with  an  obovoid  or  tiirbinate  soHd  base,  1  to  nearly  2  hnes  long-,  the 
valves  broadly  triangndar  or  rhomboidal,  from  under  3  hnes  to  above  4 
lines  diameter,  free  almost  from  the  base,  entire,  flat  or  thickened  over 
the  fruit,  smooth  or  rarely  with  1  or  2  tidjercles  on  the  disk.  Fruit  at 
the  base  of  the  valves.  Radicle  ascending*. — Mocj.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii. 
101 ;  Hook.  f  FL  Tasm.  i.  314 ;  A.  halimus,  R.  Br.  Prod.  406,  not  of 
Linn. ;  A.  halimns  /3.  ascendens  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i,  633 ;  A.  elwugnoidcs, 
Moq.  Enum.  Chenop.  65. 

Queensland.     IMoreton  Bay,  A.  Cunninqham. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  i'.(>tany  Bay,  Banks  and  Solander ;  Ash  iHland,  fferb.  E.  Mueller; 
Lonl  Hdwes  Island,  Milne,  M'(Jillicray. 

Victoria.  Seashore,  Portland,  Bohertson,  Allitt ;  Port  PhiHip,  Briglitou  and 
Statim  Peak,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.     Abundant  upon  all    the  coasts   near   high-water  mark,  /.  D.  Hooker. 

S.  Australia.  Spencer's  Gulf,  Warhurton;  Kangaroo  Ishind,  F.  Mueller,  Water- 
house. 


172  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACK^.  [Atriplcx. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  IJrummond,  n.  230;  Champiou  Biiy  and  Murchison 
river,  Ol(/jiild. 

The  western  spncimens  nre  mosly  males  with  rather  small  leaves,  biit  they  can  be 
reailily  distin^uislied  Iroiu  the  p-ecodii.g  ones  by  the  dense  conipact  male  inlinresLent-e 
an  1  bv  the  iem.ile  flowers  (\ery  minute  in  must  specimrns  in  wliich  ihe  males  are 
(-carceiy  expand  d)  always  present  in  tiie  axils  of  thn  uppi.-r  siemleaves.  A.  Iiypohuca, 
Necjs  in  Fl.  Trciss.  i.  t).3'!,  or  A.  prostrata,  Moq.  in  UC  Frod.  xiii.  ii  99,  nut  ot  li.  Br., 
appcars  to  beiong  to  this  speci<s,  bnt  thu  specimens  1  have  seen  are  not  in  flowur.  A. 
pvuslrata,  iir.,  is  a  totaliy  ditlerent  pUint. 

8.  A.  rhagodioides,  F.  Mnell.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  74.  A 
divaricatolv  branchecl  scaly-tomentose  scrubby  shrub,  closely  allied  to 
and  perhaps  a  variety  of  A.  cinerca.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  ovate  or 
lanceohite,  often  ang-uhir  or  ahuost  hastate  at  the  base,  otherwise  entire, 
acute  and  under  |  in.  long-  when  narrow,  more  obtuse  and  larg-er  when 
broad.  Flowers  semidicecious,  the  male  clusters  forming-  an  interrupted 
terminal  spike  or  shg-htly  branched  panicle,  the  females  sohtary  or 
nearlv  so  in  the  axils  of  the  upper  stem-leaves  in  the  male  phmt,  more 
nimicVous  and  often  clustered  when  there  are  no  males.  Fruiting-  peri- 
anth  sessile,  orbicular  or  nearly  rhomboid,  l^  to  nearly  8  lines  chameter, 
the  valves  thick  convex  and  corky,  united  about  half  way  up,  the 
marg-ins  entire.  Seed  orbicuhir,  with  the  radicle  ascending-  or  nearly 
superior,  but  in  many  perianths  the  seed  is  abortive. 

Victoria,  or  S.  Australia.     Murray  scnib,  F.  Mueller. 
W.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  Oldfidd. 

The  speiimens  are  insnfficient  to  deterniine  whether  this  is  more  than  a  variety  or 
state  oi  A.  ciiterta.     Tlic  tbiiage  however  is  rather  different. 

9.  A.  incrassata,  F.  Muell.  Bcp.  Bahh.  Expcd.  20.  Shrubby.  Leaves 
ovate,  hastate,  nearly  sessile,  entire  or  indistinctly  toothed,  scaly- 
tomentose.  Male  Howers  unknown,  females  chistered  in  the  axils  {F. 
Miieller).  Fruiting-  perianth  sessile,  orbicuhir,  4  to  5  lines  diameter, 
the  valves  much  thickened  with  a  narrow  tlat  marg-in,  quite  smooth 
outside.  Fruit  raised  to  the  centre  of  the  perianth  on  a  very  broad 
flattened  soHd  base.     Seed  not  seen  ripe. 

S.  Australia.     Emu  springs,  Bahha(jes  Erpedition. 

This  may  prove  not  to  be  distinct  from  /1.  rluKjodioides,  it  is  however  but  very  im- 
perfectly  known,  and  I  have  only  seeu  a  few  detached  enlarged  but  unripe  perianths  ia 
Herb.  F.  Muelier. 

Series  2.  Vesicari^. — Small  bushy  or  decumbent  shrubs,  more  or 
less  scaly-tomentose,  dioecious  or  monoecious.  Male  llowers  in  short 
dense  terminal  spikes,  females  axdhiry.  Fruiting-  perianth  orbicuhir, 
memlranous,  with  harg-e  membranous  appendag-es  on  each  face. 

10.  A.  vesicaria,  Hcwnrd,  MS.  A  bushy  shrul),  apparently  erect, 
covered  with  a  scaly  tomentum.  Leaves  oblong-  oblong-lanccohite  or 
rarely  ahnost  obovate,  obtuse  or  almost  acute,  entire,  contracted  into  a 
short  petiole,  from  under  \  in.  to  about  |  in.  long-.  Flowers  monre- 
cious  (or  sometimes  dicecious  .''),  the  males  in  small  clusters  forming- 
rather  dense  tcrminal  leafless  spikes  of  ^  to  1  in. ;  females  few  tog-ether 


Atriplex.]  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACEiE.  173 

in  axillarv  clustcrs.  Fruiting-  periantli  nearly  orljicular,  3  to  5  lines 
dianieter,  the  valves  membvauous,  very  sliortly  connate,  very  obtuse  or 
obicurely  acuminate,  the  marg'ins  entire,  tlat  but  each  with  a  mem- 
branous  intlate.l  appendaye  on  the  disk  nearly  as  larg-e  as  the  valve 
itself.     Seed  rather  larg-e,  compressed  ;  radicle  hiteral. 

Queensland.     In  tlie  iiitei-ior,  Jilttchell. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Molk;'s  plains,  A.  Canniiujliam ;  Murray  anJ  Darling  desert, 
VicturUin  Exptclition.  F.  Mu  ller. 

S.  Australia.  Crjstal  Brook,  F.  Mudler ;  Gawler  Kanges,  Sullivan  (with  niore 
obovate  leavesj. 

11.  A.  hymenotheca,  Moq.  i?i  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  101.  An  erect  and 
busliy  or  procumbent  shrub,  the  branches  and  foling-e  minutely  scaly 
but  not  so  white  as  most  species.  Leaves  hmceohite  or  oblong-,  entire, 
contracted  into  a  petiole,  rather  thick,  ^  to  |  in.  long'  with  smaller  ones 
often  clustered  in  the  axils.  Flowers  dioecious,  the  male  clusters  form- 
ing-  cylindrical  terminal  leafless  spikes  rarely  above  h,  in.  long-,  the 
perianth-seg-ments  thicker  and  darker  coloured  than  in  most  species, 
the  fc'male  Howers  axillary,  solitary  (or  2  or  3  tog-ether  l).  Fruiting- 
perianth  nearly  orbicular,  \  to  ^  in.  diameter,  the  valves  membranous, 
free  ahnost  from  the  base,  the  marg-ins  entire,  Hat  but  eacli  with  a  hirg"e 
membranous  inllated  appendag-e  on  the  disk.     Seed  not  seen  ripe. 

V/.  Australia,  Dnimmond,  n  128  {i)  and  129  (9).  The  specimens  ahhough 
numerous  are  not  Liood,  and  tlie  fniiting  peiiantli.s  are  few,  bnt  all  have  the  membrauous 
appendages  of  A.  vesitaria,  which  appears  to  have  escaped  Moquiu'»  atlention. 

Series  3.  Olerace^. — Monoecious  annuals,  usually  tall  or  spread- 
ing',  green  or  slightly  mealy.  Flowers  clustered  in  the  axils  and  in 
terminal  panicles.     Valves  of  the  fruiting  perianth  llat  or  muricate. 

12.  A.  patula,  Linn. ;  Moq.  in.  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  95.  An  erect 
spreading-  or  prostrate  annual,  usually  1  to  2  ft.  long",  either  quite  g-reen 
or  somewhat  mealy-white,  never  so  thickly  scaly  as  most  species. 
Leaves  petiolate,  the  lower  ones  usually  lanceohite-hastate,  coarsely 
toothed  or  somewhat  lobed,  often  3  in.  long-  or  more,  the  upper  ones 
lanceolate  and  entire.  Flowers  clustered  in  slender  interrupted  spikes 
forming-  narrow  terminal  panicles  leafy  at  the  base,  the  upper  lloral 
leaves  reduced  to  small  bracts,  the  female  Howers  mixed  with  the  males 
or  a  few  in  separate  axiUary  clusters.  Fruiting-  perianths  ovate  or 
rhomboidal,  usually  acute,  the  valves  united  to  near  the  middle,  entire 
or  tootlied,  smooth  or  muricate  on  the  disk,  very  variable  in  size  and 
shape  but  usually  under  2  lines  diameter.  Radicle  lateral  or  ascending-. 
— Hook.  f.  FL  Tasrn.  i.  314;  A.  australasica,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  9(j. 

Queensland.     Islaiids  of  Moretim  Bay,  F.  MusUer. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Patersou"s  river,  li.  Brown  ;  Asli  Island,  Herh.  F.  3Iueller. 

Victoiia.     Abundant  in  cardeus  about  Me  b  >urne,  Ad  im.son,  F.  3Iaellir. 

Tasmania.     Ab  Midant  in  s.iline  marslies  near  Lauuceston.  Gunn. 

S.  Australia.     HoMfast   B.iy  and  Gaw'er  ranges,  F.  Mudler. 

W.  Australia.     Bort  Gr.-gory,  Oldjield. 

The  species  is  very  cnmmon  iu  Europe  aud  a  great  part  of  Asia,  including  several 
descr  bed  as  disiinet  by  Moqiiin,  aud  is  probabiy  oiily  of  modyrn  introduciinn  iii 
Australia. 


1~4  xcvi.  CHENoroDiACE^.  [Atnplex. 

Series  4.  Glomerat^. — Moncecious  decumbent  procnni])ent  or 
sproading-  herbs,  scaly-tomentose  or  mealy-white.  Male  flowers  in 
globular  clusters  surrounded  by  a  few  females  in  the  upper  axils  or 
rarelv  forminfi-  short  terminal  spikes.  Females  clustered  in  the  lower 
axils  witliout  males.  PVuiting-  perianths  more  or  less  compressed,  con- 
spicuously  2-valved. 

13.  A.  httmilis,  F.  Mnell.  Fragm.  iv.  48.  Stems  hard  and  more  or 
less  decundjent  at  the  base,  ascending'  to  about  1  ft.  in  our  specimens, 
the  branches  and  foliag"e  mealy  or  minutely  scaly-tomentose.  Leaves 
nearly  sessile,  mostly  lanceolate  or  oblong--linear,  obtuse,  entire,  con- 
tracted  at  the  base,  rarely  above  \  in.  long-,  but  the  lower  ones  not  seen. 
Flowers  monoecious,  the  males  in  compact  sessile  terminal  spikes  of  \ 
to  \  in.,  the  females  all  axillary  and  densely  clustered.  Fruiting;' 
perianths  broadly  rhomboid,  1|^  to  i?|  lines  diameter,  with  a  sniall  thicK 
turbinate  solid  base,  the  valves  entire,  free  almost  to  the  base,  her- 
baceous  and  reticulate.     Seed  orbicular ;  radicle  superior. 

N.  Australia.     Subsaline  banks  of  Flinders  river,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  F.  Mudltr. 

14.  A.  velutinella,  F.  Mucll.  Bep.  Babb.  Expcd.  20.  Apparently 
herbaceous  and  procumbent,  wuth  elong-ated  branching-  stems,  the  whole 
plant  scaly-tomentose.  Leaves  sessile  or  rarely  the  lower  ones  con- 
tracted  into  a  short  broad  petiole,  ovate  or  rhomboid,  coarsely  sinuate- 
toothed,  mostly  above  1  in.  long-,  or  the  upper  ones  oblong*  and  nearly 
entire,  much  smaller,  and  passing-  into  small  iloral  bracts.  Flowers 
monfficious,  in  sessile  clusters,  the  upper  ones  with  numerous  males 
surrounded  by  several  females,  either  in  the  uper  axils  or  2  to  G  of  the 
last  clusters  forming-  an  interrupted  terminal  spike  ;  the  lower  axillary 
clusters  all  female.  Fruiting-  perianths  tlat,  triang-ular  ovate,  about  3 
lines  long',  the  hardened  base  very  short  and  broad ;  the  valves  almost 
acute,  entire  or  wuth  a  few  short  teeth  on  each  side  at  the  base,  her- 
baceous,  scaly-tomentose,  free  almost  to  the  base.  Seed  broadly  or- 
bicular ;  the  radicle  inferior  or  lateral. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Darling  Desert,  Victorian  Expedition. 
S.  Australia.     Stuart's  Creek,  £abbage's  Expedttion. 

lo.  A.  angulata,  Bcnth.  Mealy  or  alinost  scaly-tomentose  and  pro- 
bably  herbaceous.  Leaves  on  long-  petioles  which  are  wing-ed  below  the 
lamina,  orbictdar  or  broadly  rhomboid,  very  obtuse,  angular  or  sinuate, 
f  to  1|  in.  diameter.  Flowers  monoecious,  the  male  clusters  in  the 
upper  axils  accompanied  by  a  few  females  or  2  or  3  forming-  a  short 
terminal  spike,  tlie  lower  axillary  clusters  small  and  all  female.  Fruiting" 
j^erianth  not  yet  quite  ripe,  raised  on  a  stipes  of  about  1  line,  with  a 
turbinate  compressed  tube  of  a  little  more  than  1  line,  and  larg-e 
green  toothed  valves,  3  lines  broad  or  more,  Fruit  enclosed  in  the 
tube,  but  raised  on  a  short  solid  base.     Radicle  superior. 

S.  Australia.  Subsaline  plains  near  Cudnaka,  F.  Mueller ;  Murray  river,  W. 
lioss. 

Tliis  plant  has  the  foliagc  ahnost  of  .1.  nummu^aria,  but  the  fruiting  perianths  cannot 
be  referred  to  any  of  those  of  aliied  species.     1  have  only  seen  three  small  speciniens. 


Atriplcjc.l  xcvi.  chenopodiacea;.  1?5 

16.  A.  seinibaccata,  R.  Br.  Prod.  406,  not  of  Moquin.  Stemsher- 
baceous,  procumbent  or  prostrate,  mucli  bninched  and  slender,  spreading' 
to  1  or  1?  ft.,  the  whole  pkmt  ifreen  and  nearly  <2;hibrous  or  mealj-white. 
Leaves  petiohite,  oblon<>-  obhmceolate  or  cuneate  and  ^  to  1  in.  long- 
or  shorter  and  obovate,  obtuse,  entire  or  sinuate-toothed,  rather  thin. 
Flowers  moncecious,  the  males  in  little  g-lobuhir  chisters  in  the  upper 
axils  surrounded  by  a  few  females,  and  a  few  females  alone  in  the  lower 
axils.  Fruiting-  perianth  more  or  less  rhomboidal,  l^  to  2^  lines  long-, 
and  nearly  as  broad  in  the  centre,  the  lower  half  a  flattened  triangular 
tube  closed  at  the  base,  usually  thickened  (or  fleshy  when  fresh  ?)  and 
prominently  3-nerved,  the  upper  half  consisting  of  the  flat  appressed 
triangular  valves,  entire  or  toothed  at  the  base,  herbaceous  at  least  at 
the  margins.  Fruit  half-enclosed  in  the  tube.  Radicle  lateraL  — 
A.  denticidata,  Moq.  in  I)C.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  97. 

Queensland.  Keppel  Bay,  R.  Broion ;  Rockhampton,  O^Shanesy ;  Darling 
Downs,  L.au  ;  kxvaAiSWs.,  Barton  ;  Curriwillighie,  Dulton. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jacksm,  B.  Brown ;  Liverpool  plains,  A.  Cunningliam, 
Leichliardt ;  Ballandool  river,  Locker. 

Victoria.  .MiiiTav  river,  Htrrgott ;  Wimmera,  Dallachy  (in  leaf  only  and  doubt- 
ful)  ;   Little  river,  FuHagnr. 

S.  Austialia.     Holdfast  Bay,  Gawler  river,  Port  Adelaide,  F.  Mueller. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  222,  {or  228?). 

17.  A.  exilifolia,  F.  Muell.  Fra/jm.  vii.  9.  A  prostrate  herb,  with 
a  hard  ahnost  woody  base,  but  apparently  annual,  the  stems  about  1  ft. 
long,  with  numerous  shortly  ascending  branches,  the  whole  plant  mi- 
nutely  scaly-hoary.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  obovate  orbicuhir  or 
rhomboidal,  the  hirger  ones  on  the  main  stems  scarcely  \  in.  long,  but 
most  of  them  smaller.  Flowers  monoecious,  in  axillary  ckisters,  small 
and  not  numerous,  the  males  and  females  mixed.  Fruiting  perianths 
with  a  short  sohd  turbinate  base,  broadly  deltoid  or  rhomboid,  scarcely 
above  1  Hne  diameter,  the  valves  flat.  entire  or  3-toothed. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  2i9.  The  habit  is  thnt  o{  A.  jJrostrata,  but  on  a 
very  much  larger  scale,  and  the  fruiting  periantli  much  larger  and  flatter. 

18.  A.  Muelleri,  Benth.  An  erect  or  spreading  annual  of  1  or  2  ft., 
with  a  hard  base,  more  or  less  mealy-white,  but  not  so  densely  scaly  as 
the  shrubby  species.  Leaves  petiohite,  broadly  obovate  ovate  or  rhom- 
boidal,  coarsely  and  irregidarly  sinuate-toothed  or  lobed,  mostly  from 
under  1  in.  to  about  2  in.  long  and  rather  thin.  Flowers  small,  monoe- 
cious,  all  axiUary,  the  males  in  the  upper  axils  in  httle  globuh^r  heads 
surrounded  by  a  few  females,  the  females  alone  chxstered  in  the  lower 
axils.  Fruiting  perianths  sessile,  1  to  1|  Hnes  diameter,  with  a  hard 
compressed  globuhir  smooth  tube,  the  valves  short  broad  appressed, 
shortly  toothed.     Fruit  enclosed  in  the  tube.     Radicle  superior. 

Queensland.     Peak  Downs,  F.  Mueller ;  Armadilla,  Barton. 
Itf.  S.  'Wales.     Liverpool  paiiis,  Leiclihnrdt. 

Victoria.     Lagoons  on  the  Miirray,  F.  Mueller.  , 

S.  Australia.     In  ihe  iiiterior,  HowitVs  Erpcdi.tion. 

This  is  referred  by  F.  Mueller,  Fragm.  vii.  9,  to  the  European  A.  rosea,  but  that  is  a 
coarser,  much  more  scaly-tomc-ntose  species,  the  fruiting  perianth  is  larger,  broader  and 


176  xcvi.  CHENOPODiACE^.  \Atriplex. 

flattrr  tbe  disk  reticiilate  and  sonietimes  mniicate,  and  tlie  radicle  of  the  seed  lateral. 
A  MiflUri  is,  as  observed  by  F.  Mueller,  iillicd  tn  A.  semilaccata,  biit  more  nienl.v  and 
otiieiAvi.-e  difti''reiit  bi.th  in  Ibiiiige  and  truiiin.s  p  ri;in  li.  Tiie  tnie  A.  rosca  is  said  by 
Woquin  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  92,  to  be  fbiind  in  "  New  llolliuid,''  but  the  .sp  c  al  autho- 
rity  is  not  given,  and  1  have  seen  no  Australian  speciineii  of  it. 

10.  A.  elachophylla,  F.  Mudl.  Frapm.  vii.  8.  A  small  slender 
nuich-bninclied  plant,  luird  and  almost  woody,  diffuse  or  procumbent, 
the  specimens  not  exceeding-6  in.,  moreorless  scaly-tomentose.  Leaves 
sliortly  pctiolate,  from  obovate  to  oblong-  or  almost  lanceolate,  obtuse, 
rathcr  thick,  rarely  exceeding-  2  lines.  Flowers  moncBcious,  the  males 
in  "lobuhir  clusters  of  less  than  1  line  diameter,  sessile  within  a  iioral 
leaf  either  torminal  or  on  a  short  axillary  peduncle-like  branchlet ;  the 
fomales  axilhiry,  solitary  or  2  or  3  tog-ether,  Fruiting-  perianth  rhom- 
boid-"h)buhir,  but  sliglitly  compressed,  1  to  1;^  line  diameter,  hard, 
scalv^tomentose,  with  2  very  short  broad  green  valves,  usually  toothed 
on  the  mariiin.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  tube.  Seed  compressed;  radicle 
superior. 

N.  Australia.     Pesert  of  Sturt's  Creek,  F.  Mueller. 

20.  A.  microcarpa,  Benth.  A  small  dilFuse  or  procumbent  herb, 
with  a  hard  stem  and  numerous  ascending-  branches  not  exceeding-  6  in. 
clothed  with  a  scaly  tomentum.  Leaves  very  shortly  petiolate,  oblong- 
or  hinceolato,  obtuse,  entire,  under  ^  in.  long-.  Flowersvery  numerous 
and  small,  in  axilhiry  clusters,  a  small  head  of  males  surrounded  by 
females  in  the  upper  axils,  all  females  in  the  lower  ones.  Fruiting 
perianth  rhomboidal,  compressed,  scarcely  1  line  long-  and  broad, 
membranous,  densely  and  softly  tomentose,  the  lower  half  closed,  the 
upper  moiety  consisting-  of  2  entire  valves.  Radicle  of  the  seed  superior. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Clay  flats,  Banaroo  (Dailing  desert),  Victorian  ErpediUon. 
It   is  possible  that  this  and   the  following  species  may  prove  to  be  varieties  of  A. 
pumilio,  bul  at  present  they  appear  to  me  to  bc  quite  distiuct. 

21.  A.  prostrata,  E.  Br.  Prod.  406,  not  of  3foqmn.  A  prostrate 
scaly-tonientose  annual,  with  slender  much  branched  leafy  stems  ex- 
tendino-  from  an  inch  or  two  to  half  a  foot  or  rather  more.  Leaves  very 
shortly  petiohite,  oblong;  or  rarely  ovate-lanceolate,  obtuse,  mostly  entire, 
1  to  2  lines  long.  Flowers  monoecious,  the  male  clusters  in  the  upper 
axils  surrounded  by  a  few  females,  the  females  alone  several  tog-ether 
in  the  lower  axils.  Fruiting  perianth  tomentose,  obovoid-rhomboidal, 
glightly  compressed,  scarcely  h  Hne  diameter,  closed  to  above  the  broad 
middle"^,  the  valves  short  and  entire.  Seed  parallel  to  the  valves  ;  ra- 
dicle  superior. — A.  dccumbens,  Roem.  and  Schult.  Syst.  vi.  289. 

S.  Australia.     Kangaroo  Island,  i?.  Brown. 

22.  A.  pumilio,  IL  Br.  Prod.  406.  A  small  scaly-tomentose  herb, 
with  a  sliort  hard  dectuubent  stem  and  numerous  branches  ascending 
to  1  or  2  in.  Leaves  sessile  or  very  shortly  ])etiohite,  ovate  obovate  or 
oblong-,  entire  or  sinuate-toothed,  1  to  l^  lines  long-.  Flowers  monce- 
cious,  the  males  in  2  or  three  little  chisters  in  the  upper  axils  (with  1 


Atriplcx.]  XCVI,    CHENOPODIACEJE.  177 

or  2  females  ?)  scarcely  forming-  very  short  leafy  spikes,  tlie  females  in 
the  lower  axils  solitary  or  two  together  without  males.  Fruiting-  perianth 
ovate,  tomentose,  not  very  Hat,  about  ^  line  long",  the  valves  entire  or 
toothed,  shorter  than  the  tube.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  tu])e,  but  bursting- 
it  irreg-ularly  when  ripe.  Itadicle  superior. — Mo(j.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii. 
ii.  92. 

S.  Australia.     St.  Peter's  isles,  B.  Brown. 

The  testa  of  the  seed  is  thin,  as  ohserved  hy  Rrown,  hnt  it  is  of  the  hrown  colour 
of  other  spccies,  and  appears  to  nie  to  he  rather  thiidy  cnistaceous  than  truly 
niemhranous. 

23.  ?  A.  glomulifera,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  634.  A  much-branched 
glabrous  erect  herb  of  a  fiiig-er's  leng-th.  Leaves  oblong-  or  hmceolate- 
spathuhite,  obtuse,  entire,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  about  2  lines  long-, 
g-reen  and  ileshy.  Flowers  (moncecious  ?)  very  minute,  the  female 
clusters  m  ahnost  all  the  axils,  the  upper  ones  about  tlie  size  of  a  poppy 
seed,  the  lower  ones  smaller,  all  very  dense,  the  individual  flowers  scarcely 
conspicuous  to  the  naked  eye.  Fruiting*  perianth  pedicellate,  the  valves 
free,  long-er  than  the  fruit  but  spreading-,  obovate  nearly  orbicular,  entire, 
thin,  sprinkled  with  a  few  stipitate  g"hands. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii. 
ii.  103. 

TV.  Australia.  Cultivated  grounds,  head  of  Swan  river,  Preiss,  n.  1257.  I  have 
not  seen  this  specics.  It  is  said  to  he  prohahly  allied  to  A.  prostrata  and  A.  pumilio, 
hut  the  perianth  valves  ("  leaflets  of  the  involucre'')  aro  differently  described,  and  the 
plant  is  said  to  be  glabrous  and  green. 

24.  A.  campanulata,  Benth.  A  perennial,  with  a  hard  ahnost 
woody  stock  and  rather  slender  procumbent  branching-  stems  extending' 
to  1  or  2  ft.,  the  whole  plant  nearly  g-labrous  or  mealy-white.  Leaves 
shortly  petiolate,  obovate  or  oblong,  entire  or  coarsely  ang-ular-toothed, 
mostly  under  |  in.  or  rarely  nearly  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  monoecious,  all 
axillary,  the  males  forming-  Httle  giobular  heads  or  clusters  of  little  more 
than  1  Hne  diameter  surrounded  by  several  females,  or  all  the  flowers 
female  in  the  lower  axils.  Fruiting*  perianth  very  shortly  stipitate,  the 
tube  obliquely  campanulate,  slig'htly  compressed,  about  1  line  long-  in 
front,  long-er  at  the  back ;  the  limb  much  dilated,  very  oblique,  the  valves 
unequal  and  scarcely  appressed,  each  one  3-lobed ;  witli  2  small  her- 
baceous  appendag'es  on  the  front  or  shorter  face  of  the  tube.  Fruit  en- 
closed  in  the  tube.     Radicle  superior. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Darling  river,  Victorian  Expedition.  Included  hy  F.  ^lueUcr  in 
A.  le/jtocarjja,  to  which  it  approaches  in  hahit,  foliage  and  intiorescence,  hut  the  fruiting 
perianth  is  totally  different. 

Series  5.  PARViLOBiE. — Mouoecious  spreading"  or  procumbent  herbs 
or  undershrubs,  scaly-tomentose  or  mealy.  Flowers  axillary,  the 
males  in  giobular  clusters  in  the  upper  axils  usually  surrounded  by 
females,  females  alone  often  in  the  lower  axils.  Fruiting-  perianths 
not  compressed,  enclosing-  the  fruit,  the  orifice  small,  closed  by  small 
erect  appressed  valves. 

VOL.  v.  N 


128  XCVI.    CHEXOPOUlACEiE.  [Atnjikx. 

25.  A.  leptocarpa,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  74. — A 
perenniabvitli  a  tliick  stock  and  herbaceous  procumbent  stems  extending- 
to  1  or  '2  tt.,  the  whole  plant  more  or  less  hoar}-  or  white  with  a  scaly 
tomentum.  Leaves  obovate  or  oblong-,  obtuse,  entire  Avhen  narrow, 
coari^ely  anjiuhir-toothed  when  broad,  from  under  1  in.  to  nearly  2  in. 
lono-.  Flowers  mono^cious,  all  axiUary,  the  males  in  little  g-lobular 
dense  sessile  heads  of  1  tol-Hines  diameter,  mostly  4-lobed,  surrounded 
by  several  femalcs  or  sometimes  females  only  in  the  loAver  axils  more  or 
less  stipitate,  Fruiting-  perianth  narrow  tubular,  cyhndrical,  2  to  4  hnes 
lono-,  the  lower  portion  (|  to  |)  rather  hard,  enclosing  the  fruit  which 
is  more  or  k^ss  raised  on  the  soHd  base  of  the  tube,  the  upper  portion 
above  the  fruit  more  herbaceous,  green  and  eleg-antly  veined,  the  orifice 
closed  by  2  very  short  triangular  entire  valves  not  broader  than  the  tube 
and  without  appendag-es.     Radicle  ascending-  or  superior. 

Queensland.     Curriwiliigbie,  Dalton. 

N.  S.  Wales,  Leichhardt ;  Castlereagh  river,  C.  Moore. 

S.  Australia.     Muiray  river,  near  Moruiida,  F.  3Iueller. 

26.  A.  limbata,  Bcnth.  A  procumbent  or  spreading*  perennial  with 
the  habit  fohag-e  and  inflorescence  of  A.  leptocarpa,  but  more  scaly-to- 
mentose.  Leaves  obovate  or  oblong",  entire  or  ang-ular-toothed.  Flowers 
monoecious,  all  axillary,  the  male  clusters  in  the  upper  axils  surrouuded 
bv  females,  the  lower  clusters  all  females.  Fruiting-  perianth  with  a 
cvhndrical  tube  enclosing-  the  fruit  as  in  A.  leptocarpu,  but  sessile  and 
usually  rather  larger  and  harder,  and  sometimes  the  soHd  base  much 
elongated,  extending-  the  whole  tube  to  |  in.  or  more,  but  varying-  in 
this  respect  even  in  the  same  chister,  the  orifice  closed  by  2  valves  re- 
duced  to  3  lobes,  of  which  the  lateral  ones  are  spreading-  incurved  and 
hornhke  about  1  hne  long-,  those  of  the  2  valves  more  or  less  united, 
the  central  lobe  minute  or  almost  obsolete,  and  alternating-  with  the 
horns  are  2  lierbaceous  spreading*  broad  dorsal  appendages,  also  about 
1  hne  long-,  g'iving-  the  apex  of  the  perianth  the  appearance  of  a  spread- 
ing-  4-lobed  hmb,  but  with  the  chsk  closed.  Radicle  of  the  seed  ascending- 
or  superior. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Darliiig  river,  Victorian  Expedition.  Included  by  F.  Mueiler  in 
A.  leptocarpa,  but  the  diflerence  iu  tbe  fruiting  periantU  appears  to  be  coustant. 

27.  A.  halimoides,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Three  Exped.  i.  285.  A  pro- 
cumbent  or  difiVise  pereunial  or  undershrub,  with  the  habit  and  inHo- 
rescence  of  A.  liolocarpa,  but  usually  not  so  white  and  the  leaves  nar- 
rower  mostly  lanceolate  or  ovate-hmceohite  and  acute,  but  sometimes  as 
tomentose  and  passing-  into  the  smail  rhomboidal  form  of  that  species. 
Fruiting-  pcrianth  euhirg-ed  to  4  to  6  hnes  chameter,  loosely  hbrous  and 
spongy  with  an  inner  and  an  outer  membrane  as  in  A.  holocarpa,  but 
broadly  turbinate  or  ahuost  hemispherical  with  a  much  depressed  or 
flattened  summit  bordercd  by  an  annular  horizontal  wing-  or  acute  ang-le, 
the  very  small  central  orifice  closed  by  small  entire  or  3-toothed  erect 
valves  as  in  the  aUipd  species.     Fruit  dio  sam^,  oxcept  that  the  radicle 


Atriplcx.]  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACEiE.  179 

appears  to  be  alwavs  inferior  not  superior. — A.  Lindleyi.  Moq.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiii.  ii.  100  { A.  infiata,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  75. 

Queensland.  Burnett  river,  F.  Mueller;  Suttor  and  Bogan  rivers,  Bowman ; 
Curri  wiiliyliie,  JDalton. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Darling  desert,  Victorian  Expedition,  Mrs.  Ford. 

Victoria.     Wimniera,  Dallachy. 

S.  Australia.  Murray  river  and  CuJnaka,  F.  Mueller;  towarJs  Cooper'8  Creek, 
Hoivitts  Er])edition. 

Moquin  changed  Lindley's  name  on  account  of  a  previous  A.  halimoidis  oiTm^o, 
but  tLat  lias  ncver  been  otherwihe  pubh'shed  than  as  a  name  in  a  garuen  calalogue. 

28.  A.  holocarpa,  F.  Mitell.  Bep.  Babb.  Exped.  19.  A  perennial  with 
a  hard  ahnost  woody  base  and  herbaceous  ditiuse  or  procumbent  brancn- 
ing-  stems,  attaining-  from  6  in.  to  above  1  ft.,  softly  mealy-tomentose. 
Leaves  on  rather  long*  petioles,  obovate  or  rhomboidal,  irreg'ularly 
toothed,  from  under  h  in.  to  above  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  mono^cious,  all 
axillary,  the  males  few  in  the  upper  axils  surrounded  by  females,  females 
only  and  usually  few  together  in  most  axils,  very  small  and  giobular  at 
the  time  of  llowering-.  Fruiting-  perianth  obovoid-giobular,  scarcely 
compressed,  not  Hattened  at  the  top,  4  to  6  lines  diameter,  of  a  loosely 
fibrous  and  spongy  consistence,  witli  a  thin  membranous  epidermis  and 
a  thin  inner  membrane  scarcely  disting-uishable  from  the  pericarp  and 
sometimes  (but  not  always)  hardening-  over  the  seed  as  it  ripens  ;  the 
summit  of  the  perianth  with  a  small  central  orifice  closed  by  2  erect 
appressed,  entire  or  3-toothed  valves,  rarely  above  |  line  long-.  Seed 
with  the  superior  radicle  of  tlie  majority  of  those  species  in  wiiich  it  is 
enclosed  in  the  perianth  tube. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Murray  and  Darhng  desert,  Victorian  Expedition,  Mrs.  Ford  and 
others. 

S.  Australia.  Eyre'8  Depot  Creek,  Babhage^s  Expedition ;  between  Stokes 
Eange  aiid  Cooper's  Creek,  Wheeler ;  towards  Speucer's  Gult',  Warburton. 

29.  A.  spongiosa,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Vict.  Imt.  ii.  74.  A  small 
much-branched  herb  or  undershrub,  with  numerous  ascending-  or  erect 
stems,  not  above  6  in.  hig-h,  more  or  less  mealy-white  as  well  as  the 
foliag"e  or  becoming-  giabrous  when  old.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  broadly 
ovate  obovate  or  orbicular,  entire  or  sinuate-toothed,  rather  thick,  \  to 
^  in.  long".  Flowers  monoecious  and  axillary  as  in  A.  Iwlocarpa,  but  much 
smaller  and  fewer  tog-ether,  the  females  mostly  solitary  or  only  2  in  each 
axil.  Fruiting'  perianth  enlarg-ed  fibrous  and  spongy  with  a  membranous 
epiderm  and  the  inner  membrane  inseparable  from  the  pericarp  as  in 
A.  holocarpa,  hut  much  smaller,  depressed  giobular,  not  exceeding-  2  lines 
diameter,  the  small  orifice  closed  by  2  niinute  erect  appressed  triang'ular 
valves.  Seed  of  A.  holoearpa  with  the  radicle  erect. — A.  semibaccata,  Moq. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  97,  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  Australia.     Sturfs  Creek,  F.  Miieller. 

S.  Australia.     Lake  Torrens,  F.  MiieUer{l  have  not  seen  these  specimens). 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  127. 

Series  7  (orSECT.2).  Theleophyton. — Monoecious  prostrate  crys- 
talline  herb.  Flowers  axillary.  Perianth  obovoid  with  short  valves. 
Seed  compressed  at  rigiit  angies  with,  not  parallel  to,  the  valves. 

TC      9 


130  xcvi.  ciiEXOPODiACE^.  [Atrijjlex. 

30.  A.  Billardieri,  IIook.f.Fl.  N.  Zcal.  i.  21o,  and  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  315, 
t.  9o.  A  mu(  li-l)r:iiuhed  prostrate  more  or  less  succulent  herb,  spread- 
in"-  in  masses  of  Ift.  diameter  or  more,  the  branches  and  foliag-e  covered 
with  waterv  shining-  papilhe  like  tliosc  of  some  Mcscmbryanthcma.  Leaves 
shortly  petiolate,  oblong-  obovate  or  ovate,  obtuse,  entire  or  slightly 
sinuate-toothed,  ^  to  ^  in.  long-.  Flowers  mona-cious,  the  males  in 
small  chisters  of  about  5  or  G  in  tlie  upper  axils  (witliout  females  '•*)  the 
females  in  the  lower  axils  soHtary  or  2  tog-ether  and  very  minute.  Fruit- 
ing-  perianths  obovoid,  membranous,  scaly,  sHghtly  compressed  at  the 
base  in  a  direction  contrary  to  the  valves,  terete  upwards,  contracted  at 
the  oriflce,  the  valves  mucli  shorter  than  the  tube,  appressed,  entire  or 
sHghtly  toothed.  Seed  enclosed  in  the  perianth-tube,  sHglitly  compressed. 
Embr^-^o  phiced  at  rig-lit  ang-les  to  the  valves,  with  the  radicle  superior 
but  not  prominent. — OMone  Billardkri,  Moq.  Chenop.  Enum.  72 ; 
Thelcophijton  BiUardicri.  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  IIG  ;  Atrip/cx  crystal- 
Una,  Hook.  f.  in  Hook.  Lond.  Journ.  vi.  279. 

Victoria.  Sands  ncav  liigh-water  mark,  Phillip  Island  and  on  tlie  oppofeito  coast, 
F.  Mtielkr;  E.  Gipps'  Land,  A.  Toylur. 

Tasmania.  Sands  clobe  to  high-water  maik  near  George  Town,  Ottnn ;  fouth 
Tort,  Oldjitlil. 

The  exceptional  direction  of  the  embryo  in  this  s-ingle  ppecies  does  not  appear  of 
itself  sufficieiit  to  jiistifv  its  separation  ironi  a  genns  which,  with  all  the  diveisities  of 
form  assumed  by  the  fruiting  perianth,  is,  as  a  whole,  a  remarkably  natural  ai;d  well 
defined  one. 

Tribe  2.  Camphorosme^. — Branches  continuous.  Leaves  narrovv, 
entire,  flat  or  terete,  g-labrous  villous-tomentose  or  woolly.  Testa  mem- 
branous,     Embryo  curved  round  a  mealy  aHjumen. 

5.  ENCHYL^NA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  urceoh^te,  at  length  depressed- 
globular,  succulent  or  coriaceous,  with  5  short  broad  lobes  or  teeth  con- 
nivent  and  closing"  over  the  fruit,  without  any  dorsal  wings  or  appen- 
dag"es.  Stamens  5  or  fewer.  Ovary  depressed-g4ubidar.  Styles  2  or  3, 
shortly  connate  at  the  base.  Fruit  depressed-globular,  enclosed  in  the 
perianth,  pericarp  membranous.  Seed  more  or  less  Hat^^ened,  horizontal ; 
testa  meml)ranous  ;  embryo  liorseslioe-shajjed  or  almost  annular,  enclos- 
ing'  a  very  scanty  albumen. — Undershrubs  or  shndjs.  Leaves  Hnear- 
terete  or  linear-lanceolate,  entire.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  and 
sessile,  without  any  or  with  one  or  two  minute  bracts. 

The  genns  is  limited  to  Au8trah'a.  It  only  differs  from  Kochia  in  the  fruiiing  peri- 
anth  ofa  thicker  consistence  and  often  succulent,  withoiit  any  dorsal  wings  or  appen- 


Leaves  1  to  2  lincs  long.     Flowers  numerous,  mostly  crowdcd  in 

terminal  leafy  spikes.^    Perianth  not  above  1  line  diameter    .     .      1.  F.  7nitroj>hi/Ua. 
Leaves  niostly  above  \  in   long.     Flowers  distant. 

Fruiting  perianth  globular,  about  f  line  dianieter,  smonth,  hairy 

atthetop.     Plant  vciy  villous  with  soft  fulvous  hairs     .     .     2.  F.  micrantha. 
Frniting  perianth  depressed-giobnlar,  about   l^  lines  diameler, 

qnile  snifoth,  witli  vcry  ^hort  teeth .S.    E.  torihnfrsa. 


Enchijl  ena.]  XCVI.    CHKNOPODIACE^E.  181 

Frniting  periiintli    coriaceous,  clcpressecl-globular,  about  2  lines 

cliaineter,  tlie  lolies  inore  or  less  gibbi)us  outside       .     .     .     .     4.  JiJ.  inllosa. 

Fniiting  periauth  broadly  turbiuate,  very  flat,  with  a  nerve-like 

ecLe,  ueariy  2  iines  diaiueter,  llie  tiibe  lO-ribbed       .     .      .      .     b.  E.  marginata. 

1.  E.  microphylla,  Moq.  h/  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  128.  A  difFuse  divari- 
cate  (or  erect  .'')  shnil».  witli  nuinerous  slender  branches,  sliyhtly  pubes- 
cent.  Leaves  linear-terete,  fine  or  rather  thick,  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Flowers 
small,  solitary  in  each  axil  as  in  the  other  species,  but  numerous  and 
crowded  into  leafy  spikes  at  or  near  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Fruiting" 
perianths  |  to  nearly  1  line  diameter,  shaped  like  those  of  E.  tomentosa, 
but  snialler,  thinner  (not  succulent  ?)  and  slightly  angular.  Styles 
iisually  2. — Siucda  tamariscinn,  Lindl,  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  239 ; 
Mot].  iu  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  401. 

Queensland.     Near  Mount  Kilsytli,  Mitchell;  Darling  Downs,  Lau. 
KT.  S.  'Wales.     Fout  ot'  Alonut  1^'linders,  A    Cunningham. 

2.  "E,  ?  micrantha,  Bcnth.  A  shrub,  the  branches  in  our  specimens 
above  a  foot  long-,  with  numerous  branchlets  deusely  clothed  as  well  as 
the  foliag-e  with  soft  fulvous  silky  or  sometimes  woolly  hairs.  Leaves 
rather  crowded,  liiiear,  soft,  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Flowers  very  small,  so- 
litary  in  the  axils.  Perianth,  already  much  enhirg'ed  after  flowering' 
•with  the  fruit  nearly  ripe,  globuhir,  g4al)rous  or  htiiry  especially  the 
lobes,  smooth  and  rather  thick,  scarcelyf  lines  diameter  j  lobes  5,  short, 
obtuse,  connivent  over  the  fruit.  Stamens  5,  shorth'  exserted,  with 
flattened  fiUiments.  Styles  3,  connate  at  the  base.  Fruit  depressed- 
g-lobular,  more  or  less  bairy.  Seed  not  seen  quite  ripe,  but  the  embryo 
alread}"  hirg-e  appears  to  be  horizoutal,  annular,  with  the  radicle  promi- 
nent  and  somewhat  ascending-. 

VT.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  7i.  253,  leferred  by^F.  Muelier,  Fragm.  vii.  12, 
with  donbt  to  Kochia  villuka,  but  I  can  see  no  trace  of  auy  wing  or  tiansverse  promi- 
nence  to  the  perianth. 

3.  E.  tomentosa,  li.  Br.  Prod.  408.  A  procumbent  or  divaricately 
brancbed  undershrub,  sometimes  with  ascending-  sliglitly  branched 
stems  under  6  in.  long*,  sometimes  much  branched  and  attaining-  several 
feet,  tbe  branches  hoary  or  silvery  witli  a  close  or  woolly  tomentum, 
rarely  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  linear-terete,  entire,  rareh^  above 
\  in.  long'  and  sometimes  under  \  in.  Flowers  all  axiHary,  solitarv  and 
sessile  and  usually  distant,  with  1  or  2  miuute  bracts  at  the  base. 
Perianth  small  at  the  time  of  flowering',  l^  lines  diameter  wben  in  fruit 
and  then  depressed-g"lobuh"ir,  red  and  succulent  when  fresli,  black  wlien 
dry  and  perfectly  smooth,  the  orifice  closed  by  5  sbort  connivent  teeth 
quite  glabrous  or  minutely  ciliate.  Stamens  very  shortly  exserted,  the 
anthers  very  deciduous.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  perianth,  the  pericarp 
membranous  and  giabrous  or  scarcely  hairy  in  the  normid  state.  Styles 
usually  3  but  sometimes  2. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  128 ;  Nees  in 
Pl.  Preiss.  i.  635  ;  E.  paradoxa,  E.  Br.  Prod.  408  ;  Moq.  l.c.  j  E.  pubes- 
cens,  Moq.  l.c.  (monstrous  states,  see  hclow). 

N.  Australia.     Sturt's  Creelc,  F.  Mueller. 


lf<'J  XCVI.    CHKNoroDIACKiT:.  Ellrhi/lUHd. 

Queensland.  Buidekin  river,  F.  Mueller;  Uokhara  Creek,  Leichhardt ;  Rock- 
bainptnii,  ()' Shdiicsi/ ;  tiuttor  ti\('V,  Boivr.ian ;  Arnu\d\\hi,  Barton. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Liverpool  plains,  A  Cuninncjhani;  Castlereagh  river,  C.  Moore; 
Jlurray  ilcsert  and  Goyinga  monntains,   Vicforiaii  Expedition 

Victoria.     ]\liirray  liver,  H>rr(jiitt. 

S.  Australia.  Islands  olV  the  S.  Coast,  7?.  Brown  ;  from  the  Murray  river  to  St. 
Viiicent'.s  (iulf, /•'.  il/«(7/<'/-;  Mount  Searl,   Warhiirton;  Cooper'8  Creek,  J/(/r/-rt//. 

"W.  Australia,  Druininond,  n.  717;  Murcliison  river,  Oldjield ;  Sharks  Bay, 
Gaudichaud ;  Avon  river,  Frciss,  n.  1935  (Jloquin). 

Var.  villosa.     Veiy  densely  fulvous-villous.— Cudnaka,  F.  Muellcr. 

Yar. ?  leptophyUa.  Lcaves  very  sleiider.  Perianths  very  small. — Near  Gainsford, 
Queensland,  i?owmaw.— Perhaps  a  distinct  species,  but  the  specimens  are  very  small. 

Var.  glahra.  Stems  and  leaves  qiiite  glabrons. — Bay  of  Inlets,  Banks  and  Solander  ; 
Biisbane  river,  F.  Mtuller ;  Darling  liver,  Victoriun  E.rpedition ;  between  Stokes 
Range  and  Cooper's  Creek,  Whceler. 

Besides  tho  woolly  globular  galls  to  which  tliis  species  is  liable  (like  those  of  Kochia 
villosa  and  other  Chenopodiacese),  il  is  subject  to  a  monstrosity,  apparentiy  caused 
aiso  by  an  insect,  by  which  the  pericarp  becomes  densely  enveloped  in  woolly  intricate 
hairs  procecding  froni  near  the  base  and  bursting  through  the  apex  of  the  perianth  ; 
whilst  the  ovary  is  abortive,  and  I  have  sometiines  found  its  place  occupied  by  a  smaU 
grub.  It  is  this  monstrosit}-  in  the  typical  form  that  is  described  by  Moquin  as  E. 
puhescens,  and  iii  tiie  glabrous  variety  constitutes  the  E.  paradoxa,  Br. 

4.  E.  villosa,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  7Q.  Stems 
branchiiiii-  at  tlie  Lase,  procumbent  or  ascending-,  rarely  exceeding"  6 
in.,  the  whole  plant  or  at  least  the  inflorescence  villous,  or  the  lower 
part  or  nearly  all  g-labrous.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-hmceolate,  acute 
or  obtuse,  contracted  at  the  base  and  sometimes  petiohite,  ratlier  thick, 
rarely  |  in.  and  often  not  \  in.  long-.  Flowers  in  the  upper  axils  but 
not  crowded.  Fruiting-  perianth  depressed  as  in  E.  tovwntosa,  but  more 
ang-ular,  about  2  hnes  diameter,  ''  coriaceous  and  not  succulent,"  black 
when  dry,  shortly  hirsute  or  rarely  g-labrous,  the  lobes  connivent  and 
closed  over  the  truit,  larg-er  and  deeper  than  in  E.  tonwntosa ;  2  or  3  outer 
ones  broad  and  thickoned  near  the  apex  into  2  obtuse  ang-les  or  lobes, 
or  one  of  the  outer  ones  irrog-uhir,  2  very  rarely  3  inner  ones  flat  and 
triang-ular  with  a  tliickened  transverse  line  at  the  base  outside.  Styles 
2  (or  raroly  3  .'').     Fruit  and  seed  of  E.  tonwntosa. 

Queensland.     Armadilla,  Barton. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Pcel  river  and  ncar  Cassilis,  Leichhardt ;  Billabong,  Bissill. 

Victoria.     Bacchus  Marsh  aiid  Station  Peak,  F.  Mueller ;  Little  river,  FuUagar. 

5.  Australia.     Near  Adelaide,  F.  Mueller. 

Tliis  species  connccts  in  some  nieasure  Enchylceim  with  Kochia,  for  the  transverse 
thickening  of  the  peiianth-lobcs  niay  be  regarded  as  an  incipient  wing.  The  naraes 
both  of  A'.  villosa  aiid  E.  tomentosa  are  unlortunately  selected,  as  both  are  sometimes 
alniost  if  not  quite  glabrous. 

5.  E.  marginata,  Benth.  An  undorshrul)  brancliiiig-  at  the  base, 
with  aseoiuHng  stoms  not  oxcoecHng-  G  iu.  in  our  specimons,  very  villous 
as  well  as  tlie  young-  foHage  with  soft  fulvous  silky  or  woolly  hairs. 
Leaves  rather  crowdod,  linoar,  obtuse,  soft  but  flat,"^  often  above  h  in. 
long-,  very  villous  at  first,  beconiing-  nearly  g-labrous  with  age.  Flowers 
very  small,  solitary  in  the  axils.  Fruiting-  perianth  sessile,  with  a  flat 
circular  base  of  nearly  1  line   diameter,  the  tube   sliorrly  and  broadly 


Emhylcena?^  xcvi.  chenopodiace.^.  183 

turljinate,  tliiek  and  apparently  flesliv,  obtusely  10-ribbed,  the  summit 
very  tlat  with  a  nerve-liko  mara-in,  2  lines  diameter,  the  lobes  short  and 
quite  closed  over  the  fruit.  Styles  apparently  2,  but  not  seen  perfect. 
Pericarp  very  Hat.     Embryo  annular. 

^V.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  ^st  coll.  This  is  again  iii  Kome  measnre 
intermediate  bi-tween  Enchi/lcena  and  the  sniall  flat-fruited  species  o{  KocJiia,  the  nerve- 
like  borJer  (scarcely  more  than  an  angle),  representing  the  narrow  wiiig  ot'  K.  ciliata 
and  its  allies. 

6.  KOCHIA,  Schrad. 

(Maireana,  Moq. ;  Sclerochlamys,  i^.  Muell.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  polyg-amous.  Perianth  at  first  nearly  g-lo- 
buhir,  at  lengtli  depressed  turbinate  or  pyramidal,  not  succulent,  with  5 
rarely  4  short  broad  lobes  connivent  and  closing-  over  the  fruit,  imbricate 
in  the  bud  and  3  outer  ones  often  rather  larg-er  than  the  2  inner  ones, 
bearing-  on  their  backs  horizontal  wing'S  either  distinct  or  united  in  a 
sing-le  annuhxr  wing-  surrounding-  the  perianth.  Stamens  usually  5  or 
fewer  by  abortion.  Styles  2  or  3,  shortly  connate  at  the  base.  Fruit 
depressed-g'h3buhir,  enclosed  in  the  perianth ;  pericarp  membranous. 
Seed  more  or  less  llattened,  horizontal ;  testa  membranous ;  embr^^o 
horsesboe-shaped  or  ahnost  annular,  enclosing-  a  scanty  albumen. — 
Undershrtibs  or  shrubs,  usually  procumbent  or  spreading-.  Leaves 
linear  or  rarely  oblong-,  usually  small  thick  and  often  semiterete.  Flowers 
sohtarv  or  very  rarely  2  together  in  the  axils,  sessile,  with  very  minute 
or  without  any  bracrs,  the  perianth  very  small  at  the  time  of  fiowering- 
with  the  stamens  and  styles  shortly  exserted,  but  in  most  species  there 
appear  to  be  many  female  ilowers  without  any  perfect  stamens.  Fruit- 
ing-  perianth  usually  described  as  variously  coloured  red,  from  a  pale 
pink  to  a  rich  crimson,  but  no  colour  remains  in  the  dried  specimens. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  the  extratropical  arid  subtropical  regions  of  the  Old  World, 
the  Australiau  species  being  apparently  all  endemic. 

Fruiting  periantb  with  an  appendage  to  each  sinus,  besides  the 
iiorizontal  wings.     Leaves  softly  silky. 
Sinus-appendages  linear-spathulate,    reflexed  below    the    hori- 

zontal  wings  which  are  all  distinct {.  K.  lobiflora. 

Sinns-appendages  linear,  acute,  erect  above  the  horizoatal  wings 

wbich  are  more  or  less  united  in  a  ring 2.  K.  lanosa. 

Fruiting  perianth  without   sinus-appenibiges,  but  witli  3  rareiy  4 
longitudinal  wings  on  the  tube  below  the  horizontal  ones  which 

are  uuited  in  a  ring B.  K.  triptera. 

Fruiting  peiianth  without  any  appendages  besides  the  horizontal 
wings,  which  are  membranous  and  entire  or  irregularly  den- 
ticulate. 
Horizontal  wings  all  distinct. 

Three   outer  horizontal  wings  equal,   2  inner  ones  smaller. 

Leaves  broad  thick  and  keeled,  1  to  2  lines  long.      .      .     .     4.  K.  oppositifoUa. 
AU  5   horizontal  wings  equal.     Leaves  usually  narrow,  1  to 

2  lines  long 5.  K.  brevifolia. 

Horizontal  wings  more  or  less  perfectly  united  in  a  ring. 

Ptrianlh    pyraniidal   witliin   the   wings,   projecting  about  2 

lines 6.  K.  pyramidata. 


184  XCVI.    CHICNorODIACE.E  [Kiirhia. 

l'criamli  liat  \utliiii  lii,-  wiiigs  or  nearlv  so. 

Le.ive.s  niostly  ^  in.  long,  densely  hilkj.     Periantlis  enve- 

loped  in  long  dense  woully  hair.s 1.  K.  eriantha. 

Lciives  niostiy  i  to  |  in.  long,  lincar  or  terete,  toraentose 
or    nearly   glabrous    (sometinies    small    and     slenilei'), 
spreading.     Perianth  glabrous  or  tonicntose     ....     8.  A'.  vlllosa. 
Leaves  obiong  or  obhmceolate,  flal,  j  to  ^  in.  hmg.     Pe- 

rianth  of  A'.  ri/Zosa  ....  9.   K.  jilanifulia. 

Leaves  oblong-clavate,  almost  terete,  densely  cottony,  not 

exceeding  ^  in.     Perianth  of  A.  villosa 10.  K.  sedifolia. 

Leaves  cottony,  erect  and  appressed,  rarely  exceeding  1 

linc.     Perianth  of  A.  t"//Zo.s-a 11.  K.  apjiressa. 

Leaves  niinute,  distant.     Branches  spinescent.     Perianth 

ol' K.  villosa 12.  K.  aplnjlla. 

Fruiting  perianth  very  flat  at  the  top,  surrounded  by  an   annuh\r 
niore  or  less  rigid  hurizoiilal  border  or  tliick  wing,  quite  entiie 
or  rcguhirl  .•  toothed. 
Annnlar  border  of  the  perianth  entire,  dcnsely  ciliate  ....  13.  K.  cil'a>a. 
Annnlar  border  5  angled,  tube  vertically  5-wingcd     .     .     .     .14.  K.  hracliyptera. 
Annniar  bordcr  wilh  lU  to  12  radiating  poiuts,  tube  smonth      .  15.  K.  sttUiytra. 

1.  K.  lobiflora,  F.  Mnell.  Herh.  A  low  miich-branclied  underslirub 
or  shriib,  oiir  specimens  not  exceeding-  1  ft.,  the  branches  and  foliag"e 
softly  and  densely  silky-tomentose.  Leaves  sessile,  linear,  niostly 
acute,  \  to  nearly  \  in.  long-,  soft  and  thick  but  more  or  less  flattened. 
Flowers  solitar}-  in  the  upper  axils.  Fruiting*  perianth  woolly-tomentose. 
all  over,  depressed  and  about  \\  lines  diameter  within  the  wing-s,  the 
lobes  connate  over  the  fruit  nearl}'-  to  the  top  and  quite  flat,  with  5 
separate  dorsal  wing-s  broadly  spathuhite  contracted  into  broad  stipes 
and  horizontally  spreading-  to  a  diameter  of  5  or  6  iines,  and  alternating" 
with  them  there  is  in  each  sinus  a  narrow  spathuhite  reflexed  apjtendage, 
shorter  than  the  horizontal  dorsal  wing-s  and  concealed  xmder  them. 
IStyles  usually  2. 

N.  S.  Wales.     High  sandy  banks  of  tlie  Dariing  river,  Victorian  Expcdi'ion. 

2.  K.  lanosa,  IJndl.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Anstr.  '^^.  An  erect  or  spread- 
ing"  undcrslinil)  or  low  shrub,  the  branches  and  fohag-e  silky-woolly  as 
in  AT.  loblfiora.  Leaves  sessile,  hnear,  mostly  acute,  thick  and  soft, 
from  uuder  \  in.  to  nearly  \  in.  long-,  flowers  soHtar}^  in  the  axils. 
Fruiting-  })eritinth  more  or  less  woolly  all  over,  depressed  and  about  1 
hne  ditmieter  withiu  the  wing-s,  the  lobes  obtuse  and  closed  over  the 
fruit,  the  5  dorsal  wing-s  thin  and  membnmous,  all  distinct  but  not 
stipitate,  or  more  or  less  connate,  spreading-  to  from  4  to  G  lines  diame- 
ter,  with  5  hnear  acute  appendag-es,  alternating-  with  tlie  horizontal 
wing-s,  erect  on  their  upper  side  and  varying-  from  |-  to  l^  hnes  in 
length.     Styles  3  or  rarely  2. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  461, 

Queensland.     Narran  rivcr,  ^HlchcU. 
N.  S.  Wales.     Darling  rivcr,  Dallachii,  Mrs.  Foid. 

S.  Australia.  Mnrray  de.-crt,  ncar  Morunda,  F.  Muelhr ;  towards  Co(  per's 
Creek,  ^tiUon. 

\i\r.min(^r.     Fniiiing  pcrianth   snialler,  the  horizontal  wings  more  connate,  almost 
as  m  K.  vill.  sa,  bnt  witii  the  crcct  sinns-appendages  of  7i    lanosa. 
W.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  Oldfidd 


Kuehiu.]  XCVI.    CHKNUPOUlACK.i:.  18.") 

'riie  erect  appenilages  liave  beeu  tleseribe<l  as  tlie  lobes  of  tlie  periaiith,  tliey  will 
be  foiinJ,  liowever,  like  tlie  retlexetl  ones  of  K.  lobiflora,  to  alternate  with  tlie  reul  lobcs, 
whicb  are  flat,  obtuse  aiul  closely  conniveiit  as  in  niost  species  of  the  genus. 

3.  K.  triptera,  Bmth.  A  low  but  stout  difFuse  or  spreading-  shrub 
or  undershrub,  the  tbliaye  and  often  the  branches  also  quite  g'labrous 
and  soniewhat  g-laucous.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  linear,  seniiterete, 
often  acute,  rather  thick,  \  to  above  \  in.  long".  Plowers  solitar}^  in 
the  axils.  Fruiting-  perianth  with  a  broadly  turbinate  tube,  a])Ove  1 
line  long-  below  the  horizontal  wing-s,  with  3  or  rarely  4  very  prominent 
vertical  wing-s,  and  more  than  half  ol'  it  occupied  by  a  thick  soUd  base 
below  the  fruit,  the  upper  part  of  the  perianth  within  the  wing-s  Hat 
and  closing-  over  the  fruit  as  in  most  Kochias,  the  horizontal  wing-s 
united  in  a  singie  rig-idly  membranous  ring-  expanding*  to  4  or  5  Hnes 
or  even  A  in.  diameter  and  quite  concealing-  the  vertical  wing's.  Styles 
usually  3. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Darling  river,  Victorian  Expedition ;  Mount  Murchison,  Giles. 

V^.  Australia,  Drummond. 

Var.  erioclada.  Branches  densely  tomentose  ;  leaves  glabrous  as  in  the  tvpical  forni, 
but  niore  obtuse  anJ  terete. — Murray  desert,  Herh.  F.  Mueller ;  W.  Australia,  Drum- 
mond,  n.  432. 

4.  K.  oppositifolia,  F.  Mmil.  in.  Trans.  Vict.  Iiist.  1855,  1-H,aiid  iii 
Hook.  Kem  Jouni.  viii.  '2()-i.  A  densely  branched  probably  low  shrub, 
more  or  less  hoary  or  silky-white  with  a  close  tomentum.  Leaves 
opposite  or  alternate,  sessile,  ovate  or  lanceohite,  rather  thick  and 
prominently  keeled,  about  1  to  Ih  lines  long-.  .  Flowers  solitary  in  the 
axils.  Fruiting"  perianth  much  depressed,  the  tube  very  short  and  broad 
without  long-itudinal  wing's,  the  upper  portion  Hat,  with  very  short  teeth 
closed  over  the  fruit,  bordered  by  three  broad  membranous  veined  Aving's, 
not  connate  though  expanded  into  a  circle  of  3  to  4  lines  diameter,  with 
2  inner  smaller  wing-s  narrower  and  less  spreading-,  corresponding-  to 
the  inner  perianth-lobes,  and  sometimes  almost  obsolete.  Styles  2, 
connate  at  the  base. 

5.  Australia.  Seacoast  opposite  Lake  Hamilton,  Wilhelini;  Coorong  desert  and 
Spencer's  Gulf,  F.  Mueller ;  Venus  and  Streaky  Bay,  Bahhage. 

"W.  Australia.  King  George^s  Souiul,  li.  Browii;  towarJs  Cape  Riche,  Harrey. 
Drummond's  spf.cimens,  4th  coll.  n  2;jl,  wiihuut  iiower.-;,  rcferred  here  witli  Joubt  liy 
F.  Mueller,  appear  to  me  to  be  more  like  Didymantlnis  Boei,  in  wliich  the  leavcs  are 
more  constantly  opposite  and  rather  longer  thau  in  Kocltia  02)j)ositifolia. 

5.  K.  brevifolia,  li.  Br.  Frod.  409.  A  much-branched  rather 
slender  shrub,  the  branches  and  foliag-e  pubescent  or  tomentose  with 
short  woolly  hairs  or  the  leaves  g-htbrous.  Leaves  alternate,  sessile, 
linear  or  oblong-,  obtuse,  thick  and  ahnost  terete  or  somewhat  Hattened, 
about  1  line  or  rarely  nearly  2  lines  long-.  Flowers  small  and  solitary 
in  the  axils,  Fruiting-  perianth  much  depressed,  giabrous  or  sHgiitly 
pubescent,  the  tube  hemispherical,  the  iq)per  portion  scarcely  1  Hne 
diameter  within  the  wing-s,  with  5  equal  broad  obtuse  lobes  horizon- 
tally  closed  over  the  fruit  but  rather  thick  and  ahiiost  buHate,  forming- 
5  distinct  prominences,  the  perianth   bordered  by  5  horizontal  mem- 


186  xcvi.  CHEXoi>omACi:.E.  [Kochia. 

branous  veinecl  wings,  forming-  a  complete  circle  uf  about  3  lines 
diameter  but  not  united  as  in  all  the  following-  species.  Styles  usually 
?,  rather  sliort,  united  at  the  base. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  131  ; 
Sitl.wla  hmchi/phijlla,  Sjtreno-.  Syst.  i.  924 ;  Kochia  thijmifolia,  Lindl.  in 
Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  50,  Moq.  l.c.  4G1. 

Queensland.     Darling  Downs,  Lau ;  Armadilla,  Barton. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Caniden  vnlley,  Liverpool  Plains,  A.  Cunnmgham ;  Morra  Creek, 
MacquaiTie  riv.  r,  Mltchell ;  Dnrling  river,  Mrs.  Ford. 

Victoria.     iMurray  deseit,  F.  31ueUer. 

S.  Australia.  Spencer'8  Gulf,  B.  Broicn ;  Port  Adelaide,  F.  Mueller ;  Burra- 
Burra,  Jlinteraeher. 

W.  Australia.     jMurcliison  river,  Oldfidd ;  Drummond,  Qth  coU.  n.  224. 

6.  ?  K.  pyramidata,  Bcfith.  A  divaricately  branched  shrub,  with 
numerous  riyid  but  scarcely  spinescent  branchlets,  softly  tomentose- 
pubescent  or  cottony  as  well  as  the  foliag-e.  Leaves  alternate,  very 
sjn-eading-,  Hnear  orterete,  obtuse,  1  to  2  lines  long-,  thick  and  soft, 
often  chistered  in  the  axils.  Flowers  small,  solitarv  in  the  upper  axils. 
Perianth  about  |  hne  long-  at  the  time  of  llowering-,  more  ovoid  and 
more  deeply  lobed  than  in  other  species,  the  stamens  and  2  styles  ex- 
serted.  Fruiting-  perianth  slig-htly  pubescent  and  drying-  very  bhick, 
the  tube  l)roadly  turbinate  the  upper  portion  within  the  Aving-  erect, 
pyramidal,  at  least  2  lines  long-  and  as  much  in  diameter  at  the  base, 
surrounded  by  an  entire  annular  membrauous  wing-  from  ^  to  1  line 
broad.     Pericarp  and  seed  as  in  the  rest  of  the  g-enus. 

N.  S.  Wailes.  Laclilan  river,  A.  CumiingJiam ;  sand  liills  near  the  Darling, 
occnpying  large  tracts  and  giving  a  cliaracter  to  ihe  couutry,  Beclder  ( Victorian  Ex- 
pedition) ;  Murray  desert,  Herb.  F.  MiieUer. 

F.  Mueller  tliinks  that  this  may  be  a  state  of  K.  riUosa.  with  a  monstrously  developed 
perianth,  but  besides  some  difference  in  habit  and  foliage  (which  approach  those  of 
K.  apkidJa)  I  find  great  uiiiformity  in  the  enlarged  perianths  which  aie  very  numerous 
on  the  spetimens,  and  in  about  half  a  dozen  that  1  have  examined  I  have  always  found 
perfectly  normal  poricarps,  seeds  and  cmbiyos. 

7.  K.  eriantha,  F.  MucU.  Bcp.  Bahh.  Expcd.  20.  Apparently  a  stout 
shrub,  the  branches  woolly-tomentose.  Leaves  crowded,  sessile,  linear 
or  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  thick  and  soft,  densely  clothed  with 
silk}'  fulvous  hairs,  mostly  about  \  in.  long\  Flowers  solitary  in  the 
axils  but  crowded  along'  the  branches,  enveloped  in  long  woolly  hairs. 
Fruiting  perianth  of  K.  villosa,  the  horizontal  wings  connected  in  a 
ring-  spreading-  to  about  \  in.  diameter  and  woolly  all  over.  Styles 
usually  2. 

S.  Australia.  Elizabeth  Creek,  Babbage's  Expedition ;  between  Stokes  Range 
and  ('(Miiur's  Crcek,   Wheeler. 

This  lias  the  foliage  of  K.  lano.sa  and  K.  lohoptera,  but  still  more  silky,  with  the 
periaiitli  (except  in  the  long  woolly  hairs)  cntirely  of  K.  viUosa,  of  which  it  might 
nlmost  eiiually  wcll  be  cousidered  as  a  variety  only. 

8.  K.  villosa,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Aii.str.  91.  An  uudershrub  or 
shndj,  erect  spreading  or  decumbent,  more  or  less  silky-villous  to- 
mentose  or  wooUy,  or  the  foliage  at  length  nearly  glabrous.     Leaves 


KocJiiu.]  xcvi.  cnK.\(»i'()i»iA('K.i:.  IST 

alternate,  linear,  obtuse,  tliick  and  suft  in  tlie  typical  Ibrm,  terete  or 
flattened,  from  under  \  in.  to  about  \  in.  long-.  Flowers  solitary  in  the 
axils.  Fruiting"  perianth  depressed,  from  quite  glabrous  except  a  slig-ht 
pubescence  on  the  edg-e  of  the  lobes  to  tomentose  all  over  including- the 
wing-s,  the  tube  short  and  broad  without  vertical  wing-s,  the  summit  flat 
within  the  wing-s,  the  lobes  very  short  and  chjsed  over  the  fruit,  the 
dorsal  wing-s  united  in  a  sing-le  entire  or  rarely  lobed  horizontal  ring', 
membranous  and  very  tinely  veined,  spreading-  to  from  \  to  nearly  | 
in.  diameter.  Styles  2  or  8,  usually  long-,  united  at  the  base. — Moq. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  4G1  ;  Muiream  toiiientosn,  Moq.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat. 
Ser.  2,  XV.  97.  t.  13 ;  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  130.  Kochin  tonwMosu,  F. 
Muell.  Rep.  Babb.  Exped.  20  ;  K.  pubescens,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii. 
131  as  to  the  AustraHan  but  not  as  to  the  S.  African  plant. 

N.  Australia.     Sturt's  Ci-eek,  F.  Mueller. 

Queensland.     Nrtrran  river,  Mitchell;  tSuttor  desert,  F.  MueUer. 

NT.  S.  'Wales.  Lachlan  river  and  Liverpool  plaiiis,  A.  Cunningliam;  Bogan  river, 
Zieichhardt ;  from  the  Murray,  Darling  an(i  Lachlan  rivers  lo  tbe  Barrier  Range,  Vic- 
torian  and  other  Expeditions. 

Victoria.  Murray  river,  i^.  il/MeZZer;  Little  river,  i^tt/fo^a?';  Wimmera,  Z)aZ/ac7«2/; 
Skipton,   Whan. 

S.  Australia.  St.  Vincent's  Gulf,  B.  Brown  (imperfect  specimens  referred  wilh 
doubt  to  K.  hrevifolia) ;  Flimlers'  Kange  and  towards  Spencer's  Gulf,  F.  Mueller. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  125,  Uh  coll.  n.  242;  Sharks  Bay,  Milne;  N.  W. 
of  the  Great  Bight,  Delisser. 

The  species  varies  exceedingly  in  foliage  and  indiimentum  as  well  as  in  tlie  size  of 
the  perianth-wiiig,  which,  moreover,  although  usually  quite  entire,  is  sometimes  irregu- 
larly  lobed.     The  followiiig  forms  appear  the  most  distinct. 

Var.  humilis,  a  low  underslirub  with  ascending  stems  not  exceeding  6  in. — Not  un  ■ 
frequent  in  the  desert  countiy  of  Victoria  and  ailjoining  portion  of  N.  S.  Wales. 

Var.  wicrocarpa.  Branches  very  cottony.  Leaves  small  (under  \  in),  rather  thick 
and  neariy  glabrous.  Fruiting  peiianth  1.^  lines  diameter  within  tlie  wing,  3  lines 
diameter  including  the  wing. — Darliiig  and  Lachlan  rivers,  Victorian  and  ot/ter  Expe- 
ditions. 

Var. ?  tenuifoUa,  F.  Muell.  Nearly  glabrous.  Leaves  fine,  2  to  4  lines  long.  Pe- 
riantli  ratlier  small  and  late  in  developing  the  wing.  Perhaps  a  distinct  species. — 
Darling  Downs,  Woolls ;  Curriwillighie,  Z^aZfyw;  Armadilla,  .Bario?? ;  Cooper's  Creek, 
Murray  ;  also  in  LeichhardV s  collection. 

The  pieceding  K.  eriantha,  and  the  following  four  species  might  almost  eqiially  well 
be  considered  as  varieties  of  A'.  villosa,  the  lines  of  demarkation  between  tliem  being 
often  rather  vague. 

9.  K.  planifolia,  F.  Muell.  Frufjm.  i.  213.  An  erect  divaricately 
branched  shrub  of  2  to  3  ft.  {Oldjiehl),  the  branches  and  young-  foliage 
covered  with  a  soft  and  dense  woolly  tomentum  which  wears  oiF  from 
the  older  leaves.  Leaves  oblong-  or  oblanceohite,  obtuse,  contracted 
into  a  distinct  petiole,  \to^  in.  long-  rather  thick  but  llat.  Fruiting' 
perianth  precisely  that  of  K.  villosa,  g-hibrous  or  tomentose,  the  wing' 
g-enerally  entire,  membranous  and  attaining-  5  to  G  lines  diameter. 

\tr.  Australia.  Murchison  river,  Ohlfield  {Ilerh.  F.Mueller).  Perhaps  a  variety 
only  of  K.  villosa. 

10.  K.  sedifolia,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Vict.  Jnst.  1855,  l^-i,  and  in 
Hook.  Kew  Journ.  viii.  205.     A  stout  very  denselv  branched  shrub  at- 


188  xcvi.  chexopodiack.t:.  [KocJiia. 

taining-  1?  to  ;3  ft.,  wliite  or  fulvuus  all  over  with  a  ratlier  close  dense 
cottony  wool.  Leaves  oblon<>'-clavate,  obtuse,  soft  tliick  aud  ofteu 
nearly  terete,  contracted  at  the  base  but  sessile,  mostly  l^  to  3  lines 
lony.  Flowers  rather  cruwded,  ofren  two  in  the  same  axil.  Flower- 
ing-  perianth  j^lobular,  dcnsely  tomentose,  not  1  line  diameter.  Fruit- 
in^i'  j)eriunth  of  K.  villusa,  but  the  wing'  usually  more  reg^ularly  circular, 
}>labrous  or  tomentose,  expandiny  to  3  or  4  lines  diameter.  Styles 
usually  3. 

N.  S.  VtTales.     Lachlan   river  and  Mount    Goniiigberi,    Vicforlan   Ei-pctlition ; 
Parlin'1' rivor,  Mrs.  Ford ;  Mount  Murchis  )n,  Bonney. 
Victoria.     Murray  river,  Dallachy. 
S.  Australia.     JMurray  Scruh,  i''.  Mueller. 

11.  K.  appressa,  Ihnth.  A  much-branched  slirub,  more  or  less 
clothed  with  a  short  but  soft  cottony  'wool.  Leaves  very  small,  linear 
or  oblong",  erect  and  appressed,  rarely  exceeding-  1  line,  thick  and  soft, 
imbricate  on  the  young-  shoots.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils.  Fruiting* 
])('rianth  like  that  of  some  varieties  of  K.  villum,  usually  g-labrous,  the 
annular  wing-  ex])anding-  to  about  4  or  5  lines  diameter,  very  thin,  with 
tlie  veins  very  iine  and  not  very  consj^icuous. 

Victoria  ?     Lake  Tjrrell,  Murray  desert,  Jlerh.  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.     Margaret  Ci'eek,  Bahhage^s  Expedition. 

Like  tlie  two  preceding  species,  this  only  diifers  from  K.  villosa  iii  the  foliage. 

12.  K.  aphylla,  F.  Br.  Prud.  409.  A  rig-id  divaricately  branched 
scrubby  shrub  with  rather  slender  spinescent  branches,  the  whole  plant 
white  with  a  short  soft  woolly  tomentum  or  becoming-  at  leng-th  nearly 
g-labrous.  Leaves  minute  and  deciduous,  rarely  above  ^  line  long-, 
although  on  some  luxuriant  barren  branches  they  may  exceed  1  line, 
the  older  branches  usually  g'labrous  and  leailess.  Fruiting'  periantli 
entirely  that  of  K.  villu.m,  of  ^vhich  F.  Mueller  considers  tliis  plant  as  a 
variety  only.  It  a])pears  to  me  however  at  least  as  distinct  as  either 
of  the  three  preceding-  ones. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  131. 

Queensland.     Armadilia,  Barton. 

N.  S.  Wales.     l)arling  desert,   Victorian  and  Qthcr  Expeditions. 
Victoria.     N.W.  part  of  the  colnny,  L.  Morton  ;  IVIurray  river,  llerrgott. 
S.  Australia.     Spencer's  (iulf,  li.  Broirn  ;  Murray  Scrub,  Behr. ;  Fliudtrs'  Range, 
JJ<Jirill's  F.ijitdilion  ;  Gawler  Eanges,  ,SuUivan. 

13.  K.  ciliata,  F.  Mvcll.  Krjj.  Buhh.  Expcd.  20.  A]jparently  a  de- 
cimibent  undershrub,  the  ascending-  branches  softly  woolly-villuus. 
Leaves  alternate,  linear  or  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  silky-villous  on 
both  sidcs,  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  but  crowded 
into  a  terminal  leafy  raccme.  Fruiting-  perianth  very  Hat,  clothed  wdth 
long-  soft  hairs,  scarcely  2  lines  diameter  including-  tlie  annular  wing-, 
which  is  thick  and  hard,  quite  entire  and  bordered  bv  a  dense  fringe  of 
long-  soft  hairs.  f^tvlcs  'J.—Schrolana  vnijlura,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  'Jrop. 
Austr.  72,  not  of  K.  Br. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Darling  descrt,  BaUuchy ;  Jlacquarrii-  rivc)-,  Mitchdl. 
S.  Australia.     Knm  .'-prings  and  Margarct  Cieck,  Bahhag<'s  Expedition. 


Kochia.]  xcvi.   ciiknopodiack.e.  189 

14.  K.  brachyptera,  F.  Muell.  2nd  Gen.  liep.  15.  A  prostrate  un- 
derslirub,  spreading-  to  1  ft.  or  moi-e,  with  shortly  asceniUng"  branches, 
clothed  as  well  as  the  foliag-e  with  hmg-  soft  spreading- hairs,  not  forming- 
the  cottony  wool  of  most  species.  Leaves  alternate,  linear,  sessile,  \  to 
^  in.  long-,  ilat  and  thinner  than  in  most  species.  Flowers  small, 
solitary  in  the  axils,  tlie  perianth  ovoid  with  5  short  erect  obtuse  mem- 
branous  lobes.  Stamens  5.  Styles  '2,  connate  at  the  base.  Fruiting- 
perianth  about  l^  lines  diameter  including-  the  wing-s,  the  tube  below 
the  horizontal  wing-  hemispherical,  shoxtly  hollowed  at  the  base,  with 
6  vertical  wing-s  adnate  to  the  horizontal  one  and  tapering-  to  the  base, 
the  summit  very  llat,  bordered  by  an  exceeding'ly  narrow  rather  thick 
horizontal  o-ang-led  wing-,  the  angles  vei'y  acute  boing-  the  small  points 
of  the  vertical  wings. — SclcroeJdamjis  hracliijptera.,  F.  ^Muell.  in  Trans. 
Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  1^\  Eelwiopsiloii  brachijpterus,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vii.  13. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Laclilan,  Murray  and  Darlinfir  rivers,  Victoria  and  other  Ex- 
pediuons 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  DallacJiy. 

S.  Australia.  Cuilnaka  and  Lake  Turrcns,  E.  Jlueller ;  Cooper's  Creek,  Hoioitt  s 
Expedition. 

15.  K.  stelligera,  F.  MnelJ.  Fragm.  vii.  13.  A  diifuse  or  procum- 
bent  undershrub  spreading"  to  1  ft.  or  more,  with  numerous  rather 
slender  ascending'  branches  not  above  6  in.  hig-h,  clothed  as  Avell  as  the 
young'  foliag-e  with  a  white  cottony  wool  wearing*  otf  from  tlie  older 
leaves.  Leaves  alternate,  sessile,  narrow-linear,  erect  or  spreading-,  very 
soft,  1  to  3  lines  long-.  Flowers  small,  solitary  iu  the  axils,  but  often 
crowded  in  woolly  leafy  tufts  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  the  perianth 
nearly  gdobuhir,  woolly  outside,  with  short  lobes,  about  \  line  hino'. 
Stamens  inchided.  Styles  2,  rather  long-,  scarcely  united  at  the  base. 
Fruiting-  perianth  nearly  1|  lines  diameter,  of  a  thick  hard  consistence, 
the  teeth  hemispherical,  quite  smooth,  without  vertical  wing-s,  the  basal 
hollow  small,  the  summit  very  Hat,  bordered  by  a  very  narrow  rather 
rigid  horizontal  wing*,  with  10  to  12  short  rig-id  equally  radiating'  teeth 
or  points. — Maireanu  steJVujera.,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  i.  139  ;  EcJiinopsiJori 
steJJigerus,  F.  Muelh  Frag'm.  vii.  13. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Sand  liills  and  Clay  flats,  Darling  desert,  Victorian  E.rpedilion, 
Dullndiii  and  Guodtcin. 

7.  CHENOLEA,   Thunb. 
(Echinopsilon,  Mog.     Eriocliiton,  F.  Muell.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  j)olyg'amous.  Perianth  depressed-g-lobular, 
membranous,  with  5  (or  -1  l)  intlexed  lobes  closing-  over  the  fruit,  and  6 
or  fewer  dorsal  diverg-ent  spines  or  soft  horn-like  appendag-es,  often 
unequal,  sometimes  very  small  or  quite  obsolete,  Stamens  5.  Styles 
2  or  3,  connate  at  the  base.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  perianth,  more  or 
less  depressed.  Pericarp  membranous.  Seed  horizontal  or  oblique  ; 
embr^^o  annulnr,  tlio  radicle  often  ascending-  over  the  cotyledonar  end. — 
Diffuse  or  spreading-  undershrubs  or  shrubs.     Leaves  alternate,  narrow. 


100 


xcvi.  CHENOPODIACE^.  [Clienolca. 


iisuiillv  soft  iind  silkv-villous  or  woolly,  rarely  g-labrous.     Flowers  sessile 
and'  solitiirv  in  the  axils,  euveloped  in  cottony  wool  or  long-  hairs. 


sp 


The  treiuis  is  spread  cver  the  temperate  regions  of  tlie  Old  World,  the  Austrahan 
p,  cies  appareutly  all  endemic.  Tiie  allied  African  aiid  Eumpean  species  require,  how- 
cver  fiirtiier  examinatiun  and  comprtrison.  'Ihe  name  of  Chenolta  \vas  originally 
applicd  to  a  Cape  specics,  in  which  tlie  pcrianth  spincs  are  rednced  to  minute  tubercles 
01-  are  Ircquently  quite  inconspicnous  and  wcre  omitted  in  Tliunberg's  descriptiou. 
Moquin,  liaviiig  ascf-rtaincd  their  occasional  presence,  transferred  Tluinberg's  spccies  to 
his  Ecidvo^isiion,  tliat  is  to  tlie  scction  of  Urowii's  Kochia  with  spinescent  perianth- 
appendagcs,  and  reserved  Tbunberg's  name  for  a  Canary  Islaiul  phiiit  uiikiiown  to 
'1  bunberg,  in  which  these  tubeicles  or  spines  have  nnt  yet  been  detected  and  perhaps 
never  exist.  This  devel.ipment  of  tbe  spines  is,  however,  so  vague  in  several  species, 
tiiat  it  secms  hopeless  to  distinguish  tbe  two  genera  I  have  re  united  under  Thunberg'8 
iiame  \\bieh  is  tlie  oldest  The  spineless  species  differ  froin  Enchjlcena  chiefly  in 
tbe  texture  of  the  perianth,  and  in  almost  the  whole  genus  the  seed  is  not  so  perfectly 
flat  as  iii  Enchyhena  and  Kochia,  the  radicle  being  slightly  ascending  or  erect, 
altbougb  not  so  mucli  so  as  in  ,Sclerolcena. 

Fruiting  perianth  without  any  appendages,  or  the  si>inesreduced 
to  minute  tubcrcles.     Flowers  in  terrainal  leafy  spikes. 
Leaves  at  length  glabrous.     Fruiting  periantlis  enveloped  in 

long  fulvous  woolly  hairs  .     .  _.     . •     •     !•   C.  carnosa. 

Leaves    hoary-tonientose.     Fruiting-perianths    enveloped    in 

short  deiise  cottnny  wool 2.   C.  Dctllachyana. 

Friiiting  pcrianlh  witbS  long  radiating  soft  wooUy  hoins  obtuse 

and  turned  up  at  tlie  end .     3.   C.  tricornis. 

Fruiting  pcrianth  willi  5  radialing  spines  or  awns.     Periauth 
witbout  appendages  above  the  spines. 
rerianlh  wilh  5  awns  or  slender  spines  enveloped  in  fulvous 

silky  hairs  4  or  5  hnes  long .     .     .     4.    C.  eurotioidts. 

Perianth  witb  5  short  radiating  spines,  enveloped  in  fulvous 

bairs  not  longer  than  the  perianth 5.   C.  Muelleri. 

Peiianth  with  5  niembranous  notched  or  bifid  appendages  and 
5  radiating  spines  lower  down,  enveloped  in  dense  cottony 
•wool 6.    C.  sclerolcenoides. 

1.  C.  carnosa,  Benth.  Asmall  undershrub,  with  ashort  branching 
hard  base,  covered  with  the  remains  of  old  leaves,  and  erect  or  ascend- 
ino-  liowering  stems  of  3  or  4  in.,  slig-litly  cottony  or  silky-villous  or  at 
leng-tli  gltibrous.  Leaves  sessile,  distant  in  the  lower  part  of  the  liower- 
ing-  stenis,  linear,  acute  or  obtuse,  rather  thick  and  llesliy,  g-kibrous 
when  full  g-rown,  mostly  3  to  4  lines  long-,  the  Horal  ones  shorter,  hmceo- 
late  or  ovate-hmceolate,  the  upper  ones  not  exceeding*  the  Howers. 
Flowers  sessile  and  solitary  in  each  axil,  but  crowded  into  a  dense  ter- 
minal  leafy  spike  of  1  in.  or  more,  and  densely  enveloped  in  long-  intri- 
cate  silky-woolly  hairs,  often  very  shining".  Fruiting-  perianth  depressed, 
membranous,  ahnost  scarious,  about  1  line  diameter  without  the  wool, 
nearly  3  Unes  with  it,  with  5  lobes  closing*  over  the  friiit  and  snrrounded 
by  a  slightly  raised  horizontal  ridg-e,  but  without  appendag-es  of  any  sort. 
Stamens  o.  Styles  2  (or  sometimes  3  ?)  united  to  the  middle.  Pericarp 
depressed,  membranous,  with  a  few  long  hairs.  Seed  horizontal;  embryo 
broadly  annular,  with  the  radicle  shortly  rising-  over  the  cotyledonar 
end. — Echinopsilon?  carnuau.^i,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  136;  Trichinivm 
camomm,  Moq.  in  Herb.  Hook. 

^V.  AuRtralia.     Drvmmond,  ifh  coll.  n.  246. 


Chenolea.]  xcvi.  ciiexopodiace.i^,  191 

2.  C.  Dallachyana,  Bcnth.  A  shrub  or  undershrub,  the  branches 
clothed  with  cotton}'  -wool.  Leaves  sessile,  linear,  obtuse,  thick  and 
soft,  tomentose  but  with  more  appressed  and  less  intricate  hairs  than  the 
stems,  2  to  ^3  lines  long-,  the  lioral  ones  rather  broader  and  long-er,  but 
exceeding-  the  Howers.  Flowers  solitary  or  2  tog-other  in  the  axils,  but 
crowded  into  terminal  leafj  spikes  of  about  1  in.  Fruiting-  porianth 
(perhaps  not  quite  rijie)  nearly  globuhir,  membranous,  denselj  woollj- 
tomentose,  about  l^  lines  diameter  including-  the  wool ;  lobes  broad 
connivent  over  the  fruit,  without  anj  dorsal  appendag-e.  Stamens  5. 
Stjles  2,  connate  at  tlie  base.  Pericarp  depressed,  g'labrous.  Seed 
horizontal  ;  embrvo  annuhir  with  a  shortlj  ascending'  radicle. 

N.  S.  ^Vales  or  Victoria.     Miirrav  river,  Dallachy. 

3.  C.  tricornis,  Bcnth.  A  diifuse  or  divaricatelj-branched  shrub, 
denselj  clothed  with  a  soft  white  cottonj  wool.  Leaves  sessile,  linear, 
rather  acute,  verj  soft  and  denselj  silkj-villous,  mostlj  3  to  5  lines 
long".  Flowers  solitarj  in  the  axils  of  tlie  stem-leaves.  Flowering- 
perianth  depressed  g-Iobular,  5-Iobed,  with  3  obtuse  horizontal  protube- 
rances.  Stamens  (alwajs  ?)  3  onlj.  Stjles  3,  shortly  united  at  the 
base.  Fruiting-  perianth  depressed,  of  athin  texture,  denselj  tomentose, 
slig-htlj  hollowed  at  the  base,  the  lobes  horizontallj  closing-  over  the  fruit, 
Avith  3  dorsal  horizontallj  radiating-  soft  horns,  each  fullj  2  lines  long-, 
obtuse  and  turned  up  at  the  end,  the  base  occupjing-  the  wliole  depth  of 
the  perianth-tube.  Seed  horizontal ;  embrjo  nearlj  annular,  the  radicle 
produced  bejond  the  cotjledonar  end,  but  not  turned  up  ;  albumen  verj 
scantj. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Clay  flafs,  Darling  river,  Dallachy.  This  plant  at  first  sight  re- 
sembles  the  three-flowered  state  of  ticlerolcena  lijiora,  but  the  three  floral  rays  are  the 
three  appeudages  of  one  perianth,  not  three  periauths  united  at  the  base. 

4.  C.  eurotioides,  F.  Muell.  An  undershrul)  or  perhaps  a  shrub, 
with  rather  slender  branches,  closelj  and  softly  tomentose.  Leaves 
sessile,  narrow-Iinear,  acute,  very  soft  and  silky-villous,  the  floral  ones 
similar.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  upper  axils,  densely  enveloped  in  long- 
straight  silky-fulvous  hairs  which  attain  4  or  5  lines.  Perianth  already 
slig-htly  enlarg-ed,  about  1  line  long-,  membranous,  with  4  obtuse  lobes, 
and  3  or  4  long*  unequal  slender  dorsal  awns.  Ripe  fruit  not  seen,  but 
in  the  enlarg-ed  perianth  the  seed  is  oblique,  and  the  embryo  already 
formed  with  a  slig'htly  ascending'  radicle. — Echinopsilon  eurotioides,  F. 
Mucll.  Frag"m.  vii.  13. 

IV.  Australia,  Drummond,  5th  coll.  siqjpl  n.  83. 

5.  C.  Muelleri,  Bcnth.  A  shrub  or  undershrub,  with  the  aspect  of 
some  forms  of  Sclcrohenu  dicrantha,  the  rather  slender  branches  clothed 
with  a  soft  tomentum,  more  silky  on  the  foliage  and  passing-  into  long-er 
hairs  about  the  inflorescence.  Leaves  sessile,  linear,  obtuse  or  acute, 
very  soft,  \  to  h  in.  long',  tlie  floral  ones  rather  shorter  and  broader. 
Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  densely  enveloped  in  soft  silky  hairs  of 
1  to  2  lines  in  length.     Perianth  small,  membranous,  with   (5  ?)  very 


192  XCVI.    CHEXOI'ODIACE/Ii:.  [Chviiolca. 

short  obtuse  lobes,  and  4  or  0  dorsal  awns,  which  in  tlie  fruiting-  perianth 
become  divaricate  spines,  unecpuil  in  leng-th,  the  lono-est  but  little  more 
than  1  line.     Stamcns  o.     Styles  2,  united  to  near  the  middle.     Seed 
liorizontal  or  oblique,  with  an  ascending-  radicle. 
N.  Australia.     Sturfs  Creuk,  F.  Mtielkr. 

6.  C.  sclerolaenoides,  F.  Mndl.  A  small  undershrub,  much 
])raucli('(l  ut  tlie  liase,  usually  under  G  in.  hig-h,  densely  clothed  with  a 
soft  rather  loose  woolly  tomentum.  Leaves  sessile,  linear,  obtuse,  soft, 
2  to  3  or  rarely  4  lines  long-.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  densely 
involved  in  w(Jiolly  hairs  forming-  when  in  fruit  a  globular  mass  of  2  to 
'i  lines  diameter.  Perianth  concealed  in  tlie  wool,  witli  u  short  llat 
lobes  closing-  over  the  fruit,  0  dorsal  erect  membranous  bifid  appendag-es, 
and  lower  down  5  linear  sometimes  pung-ent  and  spine-like  appendag-es 
radiating-  from  near  the  base,  all  usually  concealed  under  the  wool  or 
the  points  of  the  spines  slig-htly  protruding-.  Styles  2,  united  at  the 
base.  Seed  horizontal ;  embryo  Hat,  annular,  the  radicle  either  not  at 
all  or  only  verv  slig-htly  rising-  above  the  cotyledonar  end. — Eriochiton 
schcrokenoides,  F.  Muell.  Second  Rep.  15 ;  Eckinopsilon  scleroUenoidcs,  F. 
Muell.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  75. 

N.  S.  M^ales.     Mun-ay  and  Dailing  rivers,  Dallachi/  anil  (>'o  dicin, 
Victoria.     Murray  river  at  the  niouth  of  the  Golgol,  F.  Mueller. 
S.  Australia.     Cudnakn,  Lake  Torrens,  F.  Mueller. 
'W.  Australia,  iJrummond  {Ilerh.  F.  Mueller). 

Thc  Sderohcim  inufora,  LiniU.  (not  of  I5r.)  relcrrud  herc  throngh  sonic  rai.stake  by 
F.  Muclier,  Fragm.  vii.  13,  is  the  Kochia  ciliata. 

8.  BABBAGIA,  F.  Muell. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  urceolate,  hard  when  in  fruit,  with 
4  (or  5  .')  sniall  membranous  lobes,  and  2  or  8  dorsal  membranous  stipi- 
tate  wing-s  more  or  less  vertical.  Stamens  4  (or  5  ?),  Styles  2,  connate 
at  the  base.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  perianth.  Pericarp  membranous. 
Seed  ]u)rizontal ;  testa  membranous  ;  embryo  nearly  annular,  enclosing" 
a  mcaly  albumen,  tlie  radicle  slightly  ascending-  above  the  cotyledonar 
end. — Dilfuse  g'labrous  undershrub  or  slirub.  Leaves  linear,  alternate. 
Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  sessile,  without  bracts. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  a  sin^le  spccies,  endeniic  in  Australia. 

1.  B.  dipterocarpa,  F.  Miicll.  Ii'cp.  Babb.  Expcd.  21.  A  small  much- 
braiiclied  diiltisc  undershrub  or  spreading-  shrub,  g-labrous  except  some- 
time.s  a  slig-ht  wool  in  tlie  axils  of  the  leaves,  an(i  more  or  less  giaucous. 
Leaves  linear  or  oblanceolate,  thick  or  semiterete,  under  3  lines  long-, 
often  crowded  on  tlie  young-  branches.  Fruiting-  perianth  rather  more 
than  1  line  long-,  the  hollow  base  about  h  line  long-  and  as  much 
diameter,  closedunderthe  fruit,  the  fruit-bearing-partdepressed-giobular, 
about  I  line  diiimcter,  the  broad  membranous  semicircular  wing-s  ex- 
panding-  to  about  3  lines  diameter,  each  wing-  contracted  into  a  thick 
bnsc  and  placod  ()]i]if|uply  or  V(Ttical]y    with  reference   to   the  perianth. 


Bdbbagia.]  xcvi.  chenopodiace^.  193 

apparently  by  the  torsion  of  tliat  base.     Fruit  mucli  depressed.      Seed 
verv  flat. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Mount  Murchison  (Bonney  ?) ;  near  Stokes  Range,  Wheeler. 
S.  Australia.     Stuarfs  Creek  and  Elizabeth  Creek,  Babhage;  Cooper'B  Creek, 
HoiciWs  Exjjeditlon. 

9.  DIDYMANTHUS,  Endl. 

Flowers  hermaplirodite.  Perianth  cylindrical,  "with  5  short  broad 
thick  lobes,  closing-  over  the  fruit,  and  bearing-on  their  backs  distinct  hori- 
zontal  wing-s.  Stamens  3  to  5.  Styles  2,  connate  at  the  base.  Fruit 
inclosed  in  the  calyx.  Pericarp  membranous.  Seed  ovate,  vertical ; 
testa  membranous  ;  embryo  horseshoe-shaped,  almost  annular,  enclosing' 
a  small  quantity  of  mealy  albumen ;  radicle  erect. — Shrub  or  undershrub, 
more  or  less  cottony.  Leaves  small,  mostly  opposite,  entire.  Flowers 
two  tog-ether,  sessile  in  the  axils,  connate  by  their  base  and  horizontally 
divaricate. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  a  single  species  endemic  in  "W.  Australia. 

1.  D.  Roei,  Endl.  Nov.  Stirp.  Dec.  8,  and  Iconogr.  t.  100.  An  erect 
branching  shrub  or  undershrub,  rarely  above  1  ft.  high,  the  branches 
and  young-  leaves  more  or  less  hoary  or  white  with  close  woolly  hairs. 
Leaves  mostly  opposite  or  nearly  so,  sessile,  lanceolate,  acute,  thick, 
about  2  lines  long,  silky-villous  or  nearly  glabrous  when  full-g-rown. 
Fruiting-  perianths  divaricate,  forming  as  it  were  a  single  cyhnder  at- 
tached  by  the  centre,  each  perianth  varying  from  1  to  2  lines  in  length, 
with  5  horizontal  membranous  wings  spreading  to  a  diameter  of  from 
\^  to  3  lines.  Stamens  in  the  flowers  examined  usually  3,  rarely  4. 
Styles  united  to  the  middle. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  124. 

^V.  Australia,  Eoe,  Drummond,  n.  130,  148,  208.  The  fruiting  perianths  vary 
much  in  size,  although  the  two  of  each  pair  are  always  similar.  At  the  time  of  flower- 
ing  they  are  very  short  and  almost  free  irom  each  other. 


10.  SCLEROL^NA,  R.  Br. 

(Kentropsis,  Moq.;  Dissocarpus,  F.  Muell.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  at  first  nearly  globular,  at  length 
turbinate  or  depressed,  somewhat  compressed,  not  succulent  and  usually 
hard,  with  5  short  inflexed  lobes,  and  2  dorsal  opposite  divergent  spines, 
either  both  equal  or  one  smaller  or  scarcely  developed.  Stamens  5. 
Styles  2  or  rarely  3,  connate  at  the  base.  Fruit  globuhir  or  depressed ; 
pericarp  membranous.  Seed  usually  globular  or  depressed  at  the  base, 
■\vith  a  more  or  less  prominent  ascending  or  erect  rostellum.  Testa 
membranous.  Embryo  almost  annular,  surrounding  a  mealy  albumen, 
the  radicle  ascending-  above  the  cotvledonar  end  into  the  rostellum  of  the 
seed. — Undershrubs  or  shrubs,  either  prostrate  decumbent  or  divari- 
cately  branched.  Leaves  alternate,  narrow,  usually  soft  and  silky-villous 

VOL.  V.  o 


194  xcvi,  CHENOPODiACE^.  [Sclerolana. 

or  woolly.     Flowers  sessile  in  tlie  axils,  enveloped  in  cottony  wool  or 
soft  bairs. 

The  gcnus  is  limited  to  Australia.  It  is  nearly  allied  to  Anisacantha,  but  tlie  spines 
of  the  periaiith  (which  I  always  find  dorsal,  not  terminating  the  lobes  as  descnbed  by 
Moquin)  are  two  oniy,  and  the  seed  is  not  so  distinctly  vertical. 

Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils. 

Fruiting  perianth  1  to  IJ  lines  long  and  usually  as  broad,  tomen- 
tose  or  nearly  glabrous. 
Leaves  mostly  linear-clavate,  thick  and  obtuse.     Spines  of  the 

periantli  very  short .     .     .     1.  S.  uniflora. 

Leaves  narrow-linear,  rather  acute.     Spines  1  to  3  lines  long, 

glabrous  or  nearly  so .     2.   o.  diacantlta. 

Fruiting  pcriaiitli  2  lines  long,  densely  covered  aswell  as  the  spines 

with  longhairs .     .     Z.  S.  lanicuspis. 

Fruiting  perianth  2  to  3  lines  diameter,  enveloped  in  a  thick  mass 

of  white  cottony  wool.     Spines  i  to  4  in.  long      .     ._     .     .   _ .     .     ^.  S.  hicornis. 
Flowers  2  or  3  together  united  at  the  base  and  diverging  horizon- 

tally 5.  *S.  hiflora. 

Flowers  several  together  united  in  a  hard  globular  mass      ....     6.  S.paradoxa. 

S.  coriacea,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  123,  from  the  Barren  islands  (off  the  S.  coast?) 
Herb.  Mus.  Par.,  is  unknown  to  me,  and  having  no  spines  to  the  perianth  may  not  be 
a  true  congener.  Branches  densely  woolly,  lioary.  Leaves  imbvicate,  elliptical  or 
oblong-elliptical,  obtuse  or  rather  acute,  coriaceous,  white  and  very  tomentose^  3_to  4 
lines  long,  1  to  l^  lines  broad.  Flowers  solitary,  tomentose,  i  line  long.  Fruiting 
perianth  without  spines.     Styles  much  exserted,  vilious  at  the  base  with  hispid  hairs. 

1.  S.  uniflora,  E.  Br.  Prod.  410.  A  diffase  or  decumbent  mucli- 
branclied  undersbrub  or  sbrub,  not  exceeding- 1  ft.,  covered  witb  a  dense 
boary  or  fulvous  tomentum.  Leaves  sessile,  linear-cLavate,  very  obtuse, 
tbick  and  soft,  mostly  2  to  4  bnes  long-.  Flowers  small,  solitary  in  tbe 
axils.  Periantb  oblique,  very  sbortly  and  irreg-ularly  4-  or  5-tootbed.  Styles 
2,  connate  to  tbe  middle.  Fruiting-  periantb  scarcely  1|  lines  long-  in- 
cluding-  tbe  broad  bollow  base  or  stipes,  bard,  tomentose  or  nearly 
glabrous,  the  moutb  very  obbque,  bearing-  at  tbe  top  of  tbe  tube  1  or  2 
opposite  very  small  dorsal  spines,  sometimes  almost  obsolete.  Embryo 
horizontally  annular  at  tbe  base,  witb  the  radicle  turning-  up  over  tbe 
cotyledonar  end  and  erect. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  l23,  partly. 

S.  Australia.     Fowler's  Bay,  R.  Brovm. 

■W.  Australia.     Dirk  Hartog'8  Island,  A.  Cunnhigham  ;  Sharks  Bay,  Milne. 

Moquin  has  correctly  named  Cunningham'8  West  Australian  specimens  in  Herb. 
Hooker,  but  in  giving  the  station,  Livcrpool  Plains,  on  Cunningham's  authority,  in  the 
Prodromus  from  Herb.  DC,  he  must  have  had  in  view  somc  other  plant,  probably  the 
following  species,  which  may  indeed  prove  to  be  only  a  variety  of  it. 

2.  S.  diacantha,  Benth.  A  diffuse  or  prostrate  undersbrub,  densely 
clothfed  with  a  soft  ftdvous  or  wbite  tomentum  more  silky  on  tbe  foliag-e, 
Leaves  sessile,  bnear,  mostly  acute,  very  soft,  sometimes  ratber  thick 
and  ^to  i  in.  long",  sometimes  longer  and  narrower,  tbe  floral  ones  not 
broader.  Flowers  solitary,  tbe  periantb  broadly  campanulate  or  almost 
urceobdte,  about  ^  bne  long  and  |  line  broad,  the  lobes  very  short  mem- 
branous  and  sHghtly  inflexed,  tbe  2  opposite  dorsal  spines  already  long- 
and  nearly  as  deep  as  tbe  periantb-tube.     Antbers  6,   half  exserted. 


Sclerolegm.]  xcvi.  chenopodiace^.  195 

St^^les  2  (or  3  ?)  very  sliortly  connate  at  tlie  base.  Fruiting-  perianth 
hard,  tomentose,  depressed  and  slightly  compressed  at  the  top,  about  1 
line  long-,  and  the  flat  slig-htly  hollow  base  1  to  l^  lines  diameter,  closed 
at  tlie  orifice,  the  two  opposite  dorsal  spines  diverg-ing-  or  divaricate, 
nearlj  equal  and  varving-  in  the  typical  Ibrm  from  1  to  nearly  2  lines  in 
leno-th.  Seed  g-lobular  or  obHque,  with  an  ascending-  or  erect  rostellum. 
Embryo  horizontally  annuhir  with  an  erect  radicle. — Anisacantha  dia- 
cantha,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  635  ;  Kcntropsis  diacantha,  Moq.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiii.  ii.  138,  (both  from  Moquin's  descr.) ;  Anisacantha  hcntropsidea, 
F.  MuelL  in  Trans.  Vict.  Inst.  1855,  133,  andin  Hook.  Kew.  Journ.  viii. 
201:,  reduced  to  A.  diacantha  in  Fragm.  vii.  14. 

Queensland.     Cape  river,  Bowman;  Armadilla,  Barton;  Box  Forest,  Leichhardt. 

N.  S.  \^ales.     Lachlan  and  Murray  rivers,  Herh.  F.  Mueller. 

Victoria.     Bacclius  Marsh,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.     Tumbj  and  Holdtast  Bays,  F.  Muellcr. 

Vir.  Australia.  Quangen  plaius,  jPreiss,  n.  2379.  I  have  not  seen  these  speci- 
mens,  but  the  descriptions  given  quite  agree  wnith  the  eastern  plant.  The  Murchison 
river  specimens  referred  here  by  F.  Mueller,  belong  however  to  the  nearly  allied  true 
S.  uniflora,  Br. 

Var.  lovgispina.  ?  Perianth  rather  longer  and  sometimes  naiTower,  very  tomentose  or 
nearly  glabrous.  Spines  slender,  2  to  4  lineslong. — Darling  desert,  Victorlan  Expedition  ; 
Murray  river,  F.  Mueller;  Wimmera,  Dallachy ;  Gawler  ranges,  SulUvan  ;  towards 
Spencer'8  gulf,  Warhurton. 

3.  S.  lanicuspis,  F.  3Iiiell.  A  low  undershrub  or  shrub,  the  stems 
rather  stout  and  not  exceeding-  6  in.  in  our  specimens,  densely  clothed 
with  a  loose  cottony  wool,  more  silky  and  appressed  on  the  leaves. 
Leaves  rather  crowded,  linear,  thick  and  soft,  often  above  ^  in.  long*. 
Fruiting- perianth  similar  to  that  of /S.  diacantha  but  rather  larg-er,  l^ 
to  2  lines  long-  and  very  densely  clothed  with  long-  silky  or  woollyhairs, 
the  two  dorsal  opposite  spines  diverg-ent,  nearly  equal,  1  to  2  lines  long-. 
— Anisacantha  lanicuspis,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  ii.  170  ;  Kmtropsis  eriacantha, 
F.  Muell.  l.c.  140. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Darling  liver  to  the  Barrier  Range,  Victorian  Expedition  ;  Ballan- 
dool  river,  Locker. 

4.  S.  bicornis,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Three  Exped.  ii.  47.  A  stout  shrub, 
with  divaricate  rather  thick  branches,  clothed  with  a  shortbut  soft  cottony 
wool.  Leaves  very  narrow-hnear,  acute,  semiterete,  often  above  |-  in. 
long",  tomentose  when  young",  becomino-  g-labrous  when  full  g-rown. 
Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  the  perianth  1|  hnes  long-  at  the  time  of 
flowering".  Fruiting*  perianth  2  to  3  hnes  diameter  within  the 
dense  white  cottony  wool  which  covers  it  and  almost  doubles  its 
size,  very  hard,  nearly  giobular  but  slig-htly  compressed,  with  2  rig-id 
divaricate  dorsal  spines,  varying'  in  length  from  j  to  ^  in.  or  sometimes 
nearly  |  in.  Seed  horizontal,  wuth  a  long*  ascending  rostellum. — Moq. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  123  ;  Kentropsis  lanata,  Moq.  Chenop.  Enum.  83,  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  138 ;  Anisacantha  bicontis,  F.  Muell.  Frag'm,  vii.  14. 

N.  Australia.     Sturt's  Creek  and  Plains  of  Promise,  F.  Mueller. 
Queensland.     Curriwillighie,  Dalton. 

o2 


196  xcvi.  CHENOPODIACE.E.  [Sdcrulcena. 

N.  S.  VTales.  Molle's  Plains,  A.  Cunningham ;  between  tlie  Darling  river  and 
the  Banior  Kange,  Mitchell,  Victorian  Expedition ;  Mount  Murcliison,  Bonney ; 
Ballandiiol  rivcr,  Locker. 

S.  Australia.     Cooper's  Creek,  Murray. 

5.  S.  biflora,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  410.  A  procumbent  or  spreading- bronch- 
ing-  slirub,  clothed  with  a  short  close  cottony  wool,  rather  looser  and 
more  silky  on  the  foHug-e  of  hixuriant  shoots.  Leaves  sessile,  narrow- 
hnear,  acute  or  obtuse,  very  soft,  \  to  ^  in.  long-.  Flowers  2  or  rarely 
3  tog-ether  in  the  axils,  connate  at  the  base  and  divaricate  at  a  very  early 
stag'e.  Perianth  at  the  time  of  tlowering'  about  |  line  long"  and  broad, 
deeply  divided  into  5  lobes  inflexed  at  the  end,  densely  enveloped  in 
cottony  wooh  Styles  2,  connate  at  the  base.  Fruiting-  perianths  hori- 
zontally  diverg-ing-  from  and  continuous  with  a  common  very  broad 
hollow  base  or  peduncle  of  about  1  line,  the  perianths  themselves  about 
1|  Hnes  long',  very  hard  and  thick  at  the  lase,  the  orifice  nearly  closed 
by  the  intlexed  thinner  lobes  without  any  or  sometimes  with  1  or  2 
dorsal  niinute  tuberch^s  or  short  spines.  Pericarp  depressed.  Seed  hori- 
zontal  or  somewhat  oblique  with  an  ascending*  rostellum.  Embryo  an- 
nular  with  an  ascending-  or  erect  radicle. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii. 
123  ;  Dissocurpus  Ufiorus,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  PhiL  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  7o. 

N.  S.  VTales.     Sandhills,  Darling  river,  Victorian  Expedition. 
Victoria.     Murray  river,  F.  Mueller. 

5.  Australia.     Petrel  Bay,  B.  Brown. 

6.  S.  paradoxa,  B.  Br.  Prod.  410.  A  decumbent  much-branched 
nndershrul),  rurely  exceeding"  1  ft.,  densely  clothed  with  a  loose  cottony 
wooh  Leaves  sessile,  narrow-hnear,  obtuse,  soft  and  woolly  or  rarely 
becoming"  glabrous  with  ag'e,  from  under  \  to  nearly  |-  in.  long*. 
Flowers  in  dense  axiUary  chisters,  the  perianths  small,  deeply  lobed. 
Styles  2,  connate  to  the  middle.  Fruiting-  perianths  10  to  20  tog-ether, 
very  hard  at  the  base,  connate  into  a  g-lobular  cottony  or  woolly  mass  of 
6  or  6  hnes  diameter,  each  perianth  with  1  or  2  small  dorsal  spines 
Bhortly  protruding"  from  or  almost  concealed  in  the  wooh  Seed  nearly 
g-lobular  with  a  short  ascending-  rostellum  ;  embryo  forming*  a  complete 
circle  with  the  radicle  turned  upwards  over  the  cot^dcdonar  end. — Moq. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  123. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Lachlan  rivcr,  A.  Oinmingham  (not  vct  in  flower,  and  tlierefore  un- 
certain)  ;  Herb.  F.  Mueller  (collector  not  named) ;  Darling  river,  Victorian  Expedi- 
tion  ;  Mount  Murchison,  Bonney. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  Dallachy. 

S.  Australia.     St.  Vincenfs  Gulf,  R.  Brown ;  Murray  Scrub,  F.  Mueller. 

11.   THRELKELDIA,  R.  Br. 

(Osteocarpus,  F.  Muell) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  urceolate  or  cylindrical,  hard  when 
in  fruit,  with  4  or  5  short  meml)ranous  lobes,  without  any  dorsal  appen- 
dag-es  or  in  one  specics  with  5  small  erect  spines.  Stamens  5  or  fewer. 
Styles  2  or  3,  connate  at  the  base.     Fruit  enclosed  in   the   perianth. 


21irdhehUa.\  XCVI.   CHENOPODIACE^.  107 

more  or  less  depressed.  Pericarp  membranous.  Seed  horizontal  or 
oblique.  Testa  menibranous  ;  embryo  annular  or  nearly  so,  surround- 
ing-  a  mealy  albumen  ;  radicle  ascending-  or  level  with  the  cotyledonar 
end  or  descending-. — Diffuse  procumbent  or  trailing-  undershrubs,  quite 
gdabrous  or  in  one  species  scabrous.  Leaves  narrow,  alternate.  Flowers 
solitary  in  the  axils,  closely  sessile  but  not  obliquely  adnate  as  in  Anisa- 
cantha.     Bracts  none. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia.  It  lias  the  hard  perianth  of  Sclerolcena  and  Ani- 
sacantha,  but  has  either  no  spiues  or  (in  one  species)  very  short  erect  ones,  and  differs 
moreover  from  the  former  in  the  want  of  any  cottony  wool,  and  from  the  hitter  in  the 
seed.  If,  however,  slight  differences  in  the  perianth  and  seed  are  taken  iuto  account, 
the  four  species  here  included  might  be  regarded  as  forming  as  many  geiiera. 

Perianth  without    appendages   or    hoilow  base.      Seed   with  an 

ascending  rostellum. 
Fruitiiig  ptTianth  1.^  lines  long,  scarcely  oblique  at  the  top    .     .     1.  T.  diffusa. 
Fruiting  perianth  f  line  long,  very  oblique  and   gibbous  on  one 

side  at  the  top 2.  T.  salmginosa. 

Perianth  with  a  hirge  holiow  base  below  the  fruit. 

Perianh  1  to  l^  lines  long,    with  5  small  dorsal   erect  spines. 

Seed  horizontal Z.  T.  hrevicuspis. 

Perianth  3  to  4  lines  long,  without  spines.     Seed  very  oblique, 

with  a  descendingradicle 4.  T.  haloragoides. 

1.  T.  difFusa,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  410.  A  prostrate  difRise  or  traihn^ 
undershrub,  sometimes  very  small,  sometimes  extending-  to  1  or  2  ft., 
with  shortly  ascending-  branches,  the  whole  plant  glabrous  and  some- 
what  Eeshy.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  Hnear,  mucronate-acute  or  obtuse, 
thick  and  semiterete,  contracted  at  the  base,  2  to  4  lines  or  rarely  |  in. 
long-.  Flowers  small,  the  perianth  tubuhir,  |  line  long-,  obhquely  con- 
tracted  above  the  middle,  with  4  or  5  broad  membranous  erect  lobes 
shortly  ciliate.  Stjdes  2  or  3,  connate  to  above  the  middle.  Fruiting 
perianth  ovoid,  about  1|  lines  long-,  hard  and  ribbed  when  dry,  said  to 
be  Heshy  wlien  fresh,  the  orifice  open  or  half-closed  by  the  withered 
lobes,  without  appendag-es.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  perianth  and  not  raised 
above  the  base,  nearly  g-lobular.  Embryo  horseshoe-shaped  or  annular 
and  horizontal  at  the  base,  with  an  ascending-  radicle. — Moq.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiii.  ii.  127;  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  635 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl  Tasm.i.  315. 

Victoria.     Wi!son's  Promontory,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Kenfs  Group,  Bass's  Straits,  R.  Broivn  ;  seashore  E.  of  George  Town, 
Gunn. 

S.  Australia.     Iloldfast  Bay,  F.  Mueller. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  R.  Broion  ;  Bald  Ishind,  Oldfield ;  N.  W. 
of  the  head  of  the  Great  Bight,  Delisser ;  Swan  river,  Prtiss,  n.  1235  {Moquin). 

Var.  latifolia.  Leaves  flatter,  broader  and  more  petiolate,  bnt  smalh — Lucky  Bay, 
R.  Brown;  Dirk  IIartog's  Island,  Milne. 

2.  T.  salsuginosa,  F.  Mucll.  Frar/m.  vii.  12.  A  prostrate  or  diffuse 
undershrub,  more  slender  than  T.  dijfusa,  and  quite  g'labrous.  Leaves 
narrow-linear,  mucronate-acute  or  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  short 
petiole,  under  ^  in.  h^ng-.  Flowers  very  small,  the  perianth  not  |  line 
long-,  very  oblique,  with  4  short  thin  lobes.  Styles  2,  shortly  united  at 
the  base.     Fruiting  perianth  about  |  line  long-,  nearly  g-lobular  but 


193  xcvi.  CHEXOPODiACE^.  [ThrclMdia. 

very  obrque  at  tlie  top  with  an  oljtiise  liollow  protiiberance  on  one  side, 
quite  smootli  even  when  dry  and  rather  thick  and  hard.  Seed  g-lobular 
at  the  base  with  a  rostellum  ascending-  into  the  protuberance  of  the 
perianth.  Embryo  annular  at  the  base  with  an  ascending  radicle  as  in 
T.  diffusa. — Osteocarpum  salsuginosum,  F.  Muell.  2nd  Gen.  Rep.  15, 
and  in  Trans.  Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  77,  also  Pl.  Vict.  Lith.  iii.  t.  79,  ac- 
cording-  to  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vii.  12  (I  have  not  seen  the  plate). 
Victoria  or  N.  S.  Wales.     Murray  river,  F.  Mueller,  Dallachy. 

3.  T.  brevicuspis,  F.  Mucll.  A  small  g-labrous  undershrub  with 
slender  ascending-  branching-  stems  not  above  6  in.  in  our  specimens. 
Leaves  narrow-linear,  semiterete,  acute,  under  |  in.  long-.  Perianth 
very  small  and  campanulate  when  in  flower.  Styles  2,  connate  to  the 
middle.  Fruiting-  perianth  urceolate,  about  l^  lines  long,  hard  when 
dry,  with  5  erect  nearly  equal  dorsal  spines  shorter  than  the  tube  and 
eonnected  by  a  narrow  horizontal  ring",  constricted  under  the  spines, 
the  whole  of  the  part  below  the  constriction  consisting-  of  a  hollow 
base,  10-ribbed  outside,  closed  inside  under  the  fruit,  and  again  closed 
inside  over  the  fruit,  the  short  membranous  lobes  erect  within  the 
base  of  the  spines.  Fruit  very  flat  within  the  base  of  the  spines.  Seed 
horizontal,  with  an  annuh^r  embryo. — Anisacantha  hrevicuspis,  F.  Muell. 
Fragm.  iv.  150;   Kentropsis  brevicuspis,  F.  Muell.  1.  c. 

Queensland.     Armadilla,  Barton;  Cape  River,  Bowman. 

Kotwithstanding  the  spines,  this  species  appears  to  me  to  agree  better  with  Threl- 
Jceldia  than  with  any  other  genns.  The  habit  is  that  of  T.  diffusa  or  oi  Anisacantha 
echinopsila,  difliering  from  the  latter  in  the  hollow  base  of  the  perianlh,  in  the  erect 
spines,  aud  in  the  very  flat  horizontal  seed. 

4.  T.  haloragoides,  F.  Mudl.  Herh.     Stems  elong-ated,  probably 

firocumbent  or  asccnding-,  much  stouter  than  in  the  other  species  and  at 
east  1  to  2  ft.  long,  more  or  less  scabrous  as  well  as  the  foliag-e  with 
scattered  as})orities,  otherwise  g-labrous.  Leaves  linear  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  contracted  at  the  base,  flat,  rather  thick,  from  about  \  in. 
to  above  |  in.  long-.  Flowers  axillary  or  somewhat  lateral,  only  seen 
wlien  already  somewhat  advanced,  narrow  tubuhir  and  2  hnes  long". 
Fruiting-  perianth  3  to  4  lines  long-,  thick  and  very  hard,  coustricted 
above  a  short  depressed-globular  broad  hollow  base,  then  cylindrical, 
with  the  oriflce  oblique  and  open  bordered  by  the  shrivelled  lobes, 
closed  inside  at  the  constriction  below  the  fruit,  and  ag-ain  over  the 
fruit  below  the  top.  Seed  obhque  or  nearly  vertical.  Embr^-o  folded 
or  almost  horseshoe-shaped  with  the  radicle  descending-. 
W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  55  and  bth  coll.  n.  438. 

Notwitbstanding  the  reversed  directioii  of  the  embryo  tbis  species  appears  to  me  to 
be  much  more  closely  related  to  Thrtlkeldia  than  to  any  other  guuus. 

12.  ANISACANTHA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  urceolate  or  ovoid,  hard  when  in 
fruit,  obliquely  attached  at  the  base,  with  4  or  5  short  membranous 


Anisacantha.]  xcvi.  chenopodiace^.  199 

lobes  and  3  to  5  dorsal  diverg-ent  unequal  spines,  1  usually  much 
smaller  tlian  the  others  or  reduced  to  a  tubercle.  Stamens  5  or  fewer. 
Styles  2  or  3,  connate  at  the  base  in  a  column  usually  persistent  and 
hardened.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  perianth,  usually  ovoid.  Periearp 
membranous.  Seed  vertical,  somewhat  compressed ;  testa  membranous  ; 
embryo  annuLir  or  nearly  so,  surrounding-  a  mealy  albumen,  the  radicle 
erect. — Intricately  branched  shrubs  or  diifuse  undershrubs,  g-labrous  or 
very  rarely  villous,  especially  the  young*  shoots.  Leaves  linear,  alter- 
nate,  sessile.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils.  Fruiting*  perianths  closely 
sessile  and  often  ahnost  adnate  at  the  base  to  the  stem  and  to  the  sub- 
tending  leaf.     Bracts  none. 

Tlie  genus  is  limited  to  Australia. 

Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,    flat,  contracted  at  the  base. 

Perianth-spines  5  or  4,  one  often  very  small 1.  A.  muricata. 

Leaves  small,  linear,  rather  flat,  with  a  broad  persistent  hardened 

base.     Perianth-spines  3 2.  A.  Drummondii. 

Leaves  linear-terete  or  semiterete 

Perianth-spines  3  rarely4,  one  sometimes  very  small. 
Shrubby.     Perianth  above  1  line  long. 

Smallest  spine  above  1  line  long 3.   ^-1.  divaricata. 

Smallest  spine  reduced  to  a  tubercle  or  rarely  nearly  1  line 

long A.  A.  bicuspis. 

Sraall  difFuse  undershrub.     Perianth  not  exceeding  1  line, 

the  spines  short  and  slender 5.  A.  glahra. 

Perianth-spines  5,  short.   Small  difi"use  undershrub.     Perianth 

under  1  line  long 6.-4.  echinopsila. 

1.  A.  muricata,  3foq.  Chenop.  Enum.  84,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii. 
122.  A  broad  bushy  or  spreading-  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  with  numerous 
intricate  flexuose  branches,  the  typical  form  quite  g-labrous  and  some- 
what  g-laucous,  or  the  young"  shoots  slightly  villous.  Leaves  linear, 
flat  but  rather  thick,  mucronate-acute,  contracted  at  the  base,  from 
scarcely  above  \  in.  to  nearly  1  in.  long*.  Fruiting-  perianth  adnate  by 
a  broad  obliquejjase,  the  hard  tube  rarely  above  1  line  long-,  the  mem- 
branous  lobes  short,  the  dorsal  spines  4  or  5,  very  unequal  and  spread- 
ing',  the  long-est  3  to  6  lines  long-,  the  smallest  very  short,  and  often  the 
2  smallest  united  at  the  base. — A.  quinquecuspis,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans. 
Vict.  Inst.  1855,  134,  and  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  viii.  204. 

Queensland.     Armadilla,  Barton. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Lachlan  river,  Liverpool  and  MoIle's  plaius,  A.  Cunningham; 
Colroy  Creek,  Leichhardt ;  Liverpool  plains,  C.  Moore;  Darling  and  Murray  desert, 
where  the  old  plants  detaehed  by  the  vvinds  and  rolling  over  the  desert  plains  have 
received  the  name  of  "  Roley-pofey,"  F.  Mueller  and  others. 

Var.  villosa.  The  whole  plant,  at  least  in  young  specimens,  softly  villous. — A.  graci- 
licuspis,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  ii.  170. — Mackenzie  Downs,  F.  Mueller. 

2.  A.  Drummondii,  Bcnth.  A  small  much  branched  shrub,  g-labrous 
except  a  few  long-  spreading"  hairs  on  the  leaves.  Leaves  linear,  flat 
but  thick,  rarely  almost  terete,  not  3  lines  long-  in  the  only  specimen 
seen,  with  a  broad  hard  base  which  persists  after  the  leaf  has  fallen. 


200  XCVI.    CHEXOPoniACE.^.  [Auimranthu. 

Fruitin^'  perianth  ^■labrous,  about  \  line  long-  with  3  slender  spreading- 
spines,  of  which  2  are  from  2  to  3  lines  long-,  the  third  much  smaller. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond  {fferb.  F.  Mueller). 

A.  cUrarirata,  Moq.  iii  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  122,  described  by  Moquin  from  a  specimen 
of  DrunimoMd'.s  in  De  Candolle's  lierbariuni  received  from  Kew  Gardens,  but  certainly 
not  Bro\vn's  plant  of  tbat  name,  is  most  probably  the  above  species.  There  is  nowno 
Anisacantha  from  Drumraond  in  the  Kew  herbarium,  but  several  Chenopodiaceje  which 
had  been  lent  from  it  to  Dr.  Bunge  were  unfortunately  lost  by  a  shipwreck  in  the 
Baltic. 

3.  A.  divaricata,  R.  J3>-.  Prod.  410.  A  difFuse  or  divaricately 
branched  shrub,  glabrous  a::d  somewhat  g-laucous  like  A.  muricata,  but 
usually  more  compact  and  more  densely  beset  with  the  prickles  of  the 
perianths.  Leaves  linear-terete,  mucronate-acute,  often  above  \  in. 
long-.  Fruiting-  perianth  closely  sessile  with  a  broad  oblique  base,  1  to 
\\  lines  long-,  with  3  or  4  very  unequal  divaricate  spines,  rather  finer 
than  'va.A.muncata^i\\Q  long-est  often  \  in.long-,  but  sometimes  none  above 
\  in.,  the  smallest  only  1  to  2  lines,  the  fourth  when  present  very 
slender  and  small;  lobes  of  the  perianth  usually  erect  connivent, 
minutely  ciliate. — A.  erinacea,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  122 ;  A.  tricuspis, 
F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Vict.  Inst.  1855,  133,  and  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ. 
viii.  204. 

Queensland.  Suttor  river,  F.  Mueller,  Bowman ;  Bokhara  Creek,  Leiclihardt ; 
DarlinjT  Downs,  Lau. 

N.  S.  M^ales.     Lachlan  river  and  Molle's  plains,  A.  Cunningham. 

Victoria.     Murray  river  near  the  fJolgol,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.  Head  of  Spencer's  Gulf,  Ji.  Brown  ;  Murray  river  near  Morunda, 
F.  Mueller. 

4.  A.  bicuspis,  F.  Mnell.  in  Trans.  Vict.  Inst.  1855,  133,  and  in 
Hooh.  Kcw  Journ.  viii.  204.  A  rigid  stout  but  compactly  branched 
shrub  or  undershrub,  the  specimens  seen  not  above  6  in.  hig-h  and  quite 
e-labrous.  Leaves  linear,  semiterete,  acute,  from  \  in.  to  above  |  in. 
long",  Flowers  closely  sessile  and  semi-adnate  as  in  the  preceding' 
species  but  longer.  Fruiting'  perianth  2  to  3  hnes  long',  the  tube  ovoid, 
very  hard,  with  3  diverging-  spines,  of  which  2  (either  equal  or  unequal) 
varying'  from  ;|  to  1  in.  long-,  the  third  small,  sometimes  reduced  to 
a  tubercle,  sometimes  1  line  long- ;  perianth-lobes  membranous,  obtuse, 
erect  or  inflexed.  Styles  2,  united  to  above  the  middle  into  a  hard 
column.  Pericarp  usually  hardened.  Seed  obliquely  erect  with  a 
superior  radicle. 

5.  Australia.  Salt  plains,  Cudnaka,  F.  Mueller  (with  the  perianth  about  2  lines 
long  and  the  iongest  spines  not  above  i  in  ) ;  between  Stokes  Eange  and  Cooper's 
Creek,  ^Vheeler  (wiih  tlie  perianth  fullv  3  lines  long  and  the  longest  species  |  to  1  in.). 
Botharesingle  specimeus  (in  Herb.  F".  Mueller),  and  may  prove  to  be  varieties  only  of 
A.  divaricata. 

6.  A.  glabra,  F.  MucU.  Ilcrh.  A  small  imdershrub,  closely  re- 
sembhng  .1.  crhiunpsila,  with  the  same  foHag-e  and  intlorescence,  but  the 
fruiting-  perianth,  ahhoug-h  scarcely  long-er,  has  a  much  broader,  less 
oblique  base,  somewhat  compressed  at  the  top,  with  2  opposite  diverg-in^ 


A/listWa/tthtl.]  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACE.^.  -01 

very  unequal  spines,  li  to  2  lines  long-,  and  a  tliird  very  small  one,  the 
perianth  thus  approaching-  in  form  that  of  Scle/-ola;/ia,  hut  the  seed  is 
vertical  or  slig-htly  ohlique  as  in  A.  echi/iopsila. — Ke/it/-opsis  glabra,  F. 
MuelL  Frag-m.  i.  139. 

N.  Australia.     Upper  Victoria  river  and  Sturfs  Creek,  F.  Mueller. 

6.  A.  echinopsila,  F.  Mudl.  F/-af]//i.  vii.  14.  A  much-hranched 
diffiise  or  prostrate  undershruh,  spreading*  to  ahove  1  ft.  diameter,  the 
branches  ascending-  to  near  6  in.,  or  sometimes  the  whole  plant  not  ex- 
ceeding"  2  or  3  in.,  g-lahrous  and  somewhat  glaucous,  or  very  rarely  the 
young-  shoots  shghtly  pubescent.  Leaves  narrow-linear,  semiterete, 
mucronate-acute  or  ohtuse,  mostly  about  \  in.,  rarely  J  in.  long-.  Flowers 
very  small,  closely  sessile,  with  an  obhque  base.  iStyles  2,  united  to 
the  middle  into  a  column  hardened  at  the  base.  Fruiting-  perianth  hard, 
scarcely  1  Hne  long-,  the  tube  often  produced  below  its  insertion  into  a 
small  protuberance  or  short  spur  ;  lobes  5,  short,  membranous,  with  5 
dorsal  radiating  unequal  spines  slig-htly  connected  in  a  ring*  round  the 
summit  of  the  tube,  the  long-est  rarely  above  1  line  long".  Seed  vertical 
or  sliohtly  ohlique,  with  a  superior  radicle. — Echimpsilo/i a/iisaca/ithoides, 
F.  MuelL  in  Trans.  PhiL  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  7Q. 

Queensland.  Desert  of  tlie  Suttor,  F.  Mueller ;  Crocodile  Creek,  Bowman  ;  Rock- 
hampton,  O^  Shanesy. 

N.  S.  'Wales.     Darling  desert,  DaUachy ;  Ballandool  river,  LocJcer. 

Tribe  3.  Salicornie^e. — Branches  articulate,  fleshy.  Leaves  none. 
Flowers  more  or  less  immersed.  Testa  various.  Embryo  curved  or 
folded,  with  little  or  no  albumen. 

13.  SALICORNIA,  Linn. 

(Halocnemiim,  Bieb.;  Arthrocnemum,  3foq.) 

Flowers  hermaplirodite  or  polygamous.  Perianth  thin  and  mem- 
branous  or  at  length  thickened  and  fung-ous,  with  2  to  5  teeth  or  lobes. 
Stamens  1  or  2.  Styles  2  (rarely  3)  united  in  a  column  or  cone  at  the 
base.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the  unchang-ed  or  slig-htly  enhirg-ed  perianth. 
Seed  ovoid  or  nearly  globular,  often  compressed,  oblique  or  verticaL 
Testa  crustaceous  or  thin.  Embryo  fohled  or  semicircular,  eitlier  without 
albumen  or  with  a  small  quantity,  either  hateral  or  within  the  curve  of 
the  embryo. — Succulent  herhs  with  a  hard  base  or  shrubs.  Branches 
articulate,  leafless,  each  article  usually  concave  at  the  upper  end  and  often 
dilated  into  a  circular  border  or  into  2  opposite  protuberances  or  lobes 
(rudiments  of  opposite  leaves)  and  receiving-  the  next  article  in  the 
concavity,  the  articles  becoming"  at  length  united  into  a  continuous 
woody  stem  in  the  shrubby  species  ;  the  flowering-  articles  shorter,  usually 
more  dilated,  forming-  more  or  less  compact  terminal  spikes.  Plowers 
usually  3  together,  rarely  5  or  7,  on  each  side  of  each  article  and  more 
or  less  immersed  in  its  base,  without  bracts  or  bracteoles. 

The  genus,  which  with  Hooker  and  others  I  take  in  the  Linnean  sense,  inchiding  the 


202  xcvi.  CHENOPODIACE^.  [Salicornia. 

•whole  tribe  of  Salicorniese  as  defined  by  Moquin  in  DC.  Prod.,  has  a  wide  range  over  the 
seacoasts  and  saline  marshes  of  most  parts  of  the  gh)be,  more  especially  in  the  Old  World. 
Of  the  seven  Ausfralian  species,  one  extends  to  New  Zeahvnd,  another^  is  possibly  the 
Bame  as  an  Asiatic  one,  the  reraaining  five  appear  to  be  cndeniic.  The  species,  how- 
ever,  reqiiire  much  further  investigation  from  living  phvnts  before  the  value  ot  ihe  dif- 
ferences  in  the  flowers,  which  are  considerable,  can  be  properly  appreciated.  A  large 
proportion  of  the  dried  specimens  before  me  are  not  in  a  state  to  be  satisfactorily 
examined. 

Sect.  1.  Halocnemum. — PeriantJis  not  dilatcd  at  tketop,  usually  narrow.    Spikes 
usually  short.    Floicers  iu  threes,  all  or  the  central  one  hermaphrodde. 
Spikes  ovoid  or  shortly  oblong,  with  few  arlicleB,  tbe  margins  forming 
opposite  thick  trianguiar-conical  lobes. 

Stoutshrub.     Spikes  5  to  6  lines  thick \.  S.  rohnsta. 

Intricately  branched  shrub.     Spikes  not  2  hnes  thick 2.  S.  arbuscida. 

Spikes    oblong-cylindrical,    the    artides   numerous,   very    short   and 

ciosely  imbricate,  the  margins  dilated  into  semicircular  opposite 

scarious  scales B.  S.  cinerea. 

Sect.  2    Arthrocnemum. — Perianths  at  length  dUated  into  a  flat  transverse  or 
oblique  top.     Spikes  cylindrical,  often  elongated. 
Flowers  in  threes,  all  or  the  central  one  hermaplirodite. 

Spikes  continuous,  the  margins  of  the  articies  broad  obtusc  and 

not  prominent 4.   «S.  leioslachya. 

Spikes  interrupted  by  the  very  prominent  2-lobed  margins  of  the 

articies 5.  >S^.  hidens. 

Plowers  in  threes,  unisexual  (dicecious  V).     Articles  of  the  spikes  with 

prominent  2-lobed  margins &.  S.  tenuis. 

Flowers  in  fives  or  sevens,  mostly  hermaphrodite.     Articles  of  the 

spikes  with  shghtly  prominent  annular  margins 7.  S.  australis. 

Besides  the  above,  I  am  unable  to  identify  the  Halocnemum  australasicum,  Moq. 
Chenop.  Enuni.  110,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  149,  from  King  George's  Sound,  Herb. 
Mus.  Par.,  wliich  I  have  not  seen.  It  is  certainly  not  S.  indica,  Br.  It  is  describeJ 
as  having  herbaceous  ascending  stenis,  with  the  articles  of  the  branches  2-lobed,  those 
of  the  spikes  broad  concave  and  very  obtuse  (as  in  S.  leiostachya  ?),  but  the  spikes  are 
said  to  be  very  large,  conico-cj'lindrical  and  6  to  15  iines  long,  which  does  not  agree 
with  any  of  our  species.     The  perianth  is  described  as  that  of  tlie  section  Halocnemum. 

Sect.  1.  Halocnemum. — Perianths  not  dilated  at  the  top,  usually 
hjahne  and  narrow.     Spikes  usually  short. 

1.  S.  robusta,  F.  Miwll.  Fragm.  vi.  251,  and  Pl.  Vict.  t.  83,  ined. 
(^F.  Mveller).  Shruhby  and  mueh  stouter  than  the  other  species,  the 
articles  |^  to  |  in.  long-,  with  two  opposite  prominent  ang-les  ending*  in 
opposite  thick  triang-ular  lohes  or  rudimentary  leaves  projectiug  to 
nearly  2  hnes.  Spikes  ovoid  or  nearly  g-lobular,  ^  in.  diameter,  with 
very  thick  prominent  points  of  the  lloral  scales  or  lobes  of  the  floral 
articles.  Flowers  in  threes,  partially  immersed  and  shorter  than 
the  subtending-  scales.  Perianths  adnate  to  the  article  above  them  at 
the  base,  with  narrow  hyaline  lobes,  the  two  lateral  ])erianths  2-lobed  en- 
closing-  each  1  stamen  only,  the  central  one  (always  .')  3-lobed,  enclosing' 
the  pistil  and  1  stamen.  Seed  nearly  g-lobular ;  embryo  vertical,  enclosing" 
a  mealy  albumen,  the  radicle  ascending-  bej-ond  the  cotyledonar  end. — 
Arthrocnimum  triundrnm,  F.  Muell.  Frac-m.  i.  130. 

N.  S.  Wales.    Salt  desert  near  the  junction  of  tlie  Darllng  and  Murray,  F.  Mueller. 

Victoria.     Lake  Victoria,  Murray  river,  F.  Mueller. 

I  have  not  yet  received  the  plate  above  referred  to. 


Salicornia.]  xcvi.   cilENOPODlACEiE.  203 

2.  S.  arbuscula,  R.  Br.  Prod.  411.  A  busliy  erect  shrub,  from  under 
6  in.  to  2  or  rarely  3  or  4  ft.  hi<i-h,  with  numerous  rather  slender  short 
but  intricate  braiiches.  Articles  often  \  in.  long-  in  the  principal 
branches,  1  to  2  lines  in  the  smaller  ones,  dihited  at  the  top  but  without 
prominent  lobes.  Spikes  terminal,  thick,  ovoid  or  oblon"-,  rarely  above 
\  in.  long-  but  varying-  much  in  diameter,  consisting-  of  2  to  6  articles 
deeply  excavated  and  cup-shaped  at  the  top  with  more  or  less  promi- 
nent  lobes  or  scales.  Flowers  in  threes,  all  monandrous  and  hermaphro- 
dite,  at  first  shorter  than  the  scale  but  at  length  somewhat  exserted,  all 
cohering-  with  each  other  at  the  base  and  immersed  in  and  adnate  to 
the  article  above  them,  with  short  free  thin  lobes,  opening-  in  fruit  so 
that  after  llowering-  each  ovary  appears  to  be  in  a  separate  excavation 
of  the  rhachis,  with  a  membranous  fring-ed  border.  In  fruit  the  lateral 
ovaries  are  often  abortive,  and  the  central  pericarp  g-rows  out  into  a 
prominent  beak  (the  thickened  base  of  the  styles),  projecting-  horizon- 
tally  considerably  beyond  the  subtending-  scale. — Hook.  £  Fl.  Tasm.  i. 
316;  Arthrocnemum  arhuscula,  ^lo<:[.  Chenop.  Enum.  113,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiii.  ii.  152  ;  Arthroc/iemum  halocnemoides,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  G32  ; 
Moq.  in  DC.  l.c. 

N.  Australia  ?    N.W.  coast,  Bynoe  in  Jierb.  IIooJc.  (possibly  some  error). 

Victoria.  Seacoast  near  Melboiirne,  Adamson ;  Port  Phillip  and  Point  Lonsdale, 
F.  Mueller ;  Wimmera,  Dallachy ;  Murray  river,  Herrgott ;  N.W.  part  of  tlie  colony, 
L.  Morton. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrymple,  It.  Brown  ;  salt  marshes  near  Hobarton  and  Clarence 
plaitis,  /.  D.  HooTier. 

W.  Australia.  Sand  flats  N.  of  Stirling  rancce,  F.  Mueller  ;  Vasse  river,  Oldfield; 
Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.;  Sharks  Bay,  Milne  (the  two  latter  sets  of  specimens 
very  small  in  all  their  parts). 

3.  S.  cinerea,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  251.  Apparently  annual, 
branching-  at  the  base,  with  several  sing-le  or  slig-htly  branched  ascend- 
ing-  stems  of  6  to  8  in.,  the  w^hole  plant  of  an  ashy  g-rey  colour  when 
dry.  Articles  of  the  branches  \to  \  in.  long-,  slig-htly  dilated  at  the 
top.  Spikes  terminal,  oblong"-cylindrical,  rounded  at  both  ends,  very 
compact,  \  to  |  in.  long-,  2  to  2|  lines  diameter,  the  articles  very  nume- 
rous,  closely  imbricate,  tlie  marg-ins  dilated  into  opposite  semicircular 
scarious  scales,  without  projecting-  points  but  forming-  projecting-  acute 
lines.  Flowers  in  threes,  all  apparently  hermaphrodite  and  monan- 
drous.  Perianths  immersed  in  and  adnate  to  the  rhachis  at  the  base, 
thin  and  free  at  the  top,  very  shortly  toothed.  Seed  ovate,  erect,  but  the 
radicle  not  always  superior. — Halocnemum  cinereinn,  F.  Muell.  Frag'm.  i,  139. 

N.  Australia.     Point  Pearce  and  Sturfs  Creek,  F.  MueUer. 
Queenslaud.     Cape  York,  3I'Gillivray. 

Sect.  2.  Arthrocnemum. — Perianths  at  leng-th  dilated  into  a  flat 
transverse  or  oblique  top.  Spikes  cylindrical,  often  elongated,  compact 
or  loose. 

4.  S.  leiostachya,  Bcnth.  A  spreading*  much-branched  shrub  of  2 
or  3  ft.,  the  articles  of  the  branches  cylindrical,  ^  to  ^  in.  long,  slig-htly 


^{)4:  xcvi.  cnENopoDiACE.T:.  [Salicorniri. 

tliickened  but  not  lobed  at  tbe  top.  Spikes  numerous,  nearly  sessile 
and  opposite  at  tbe  nodes  or  terminal,  cylindrical,  compact,  i  to  nearly 
1  in.  long- ;  articles  numerous,  at  first  rather  distinct  witb  tbeir  obtuse 
maro-ins  sliylitly  prominent,  but  at  lengtb  very  closely  packed  into  an 
apparently  coiitinuous  spike  of  2  lines  diameter,  witbout  prominent 
scales,  tbe  separation  of  tbe  articles  only  marked  by  slip-btly  depressed 
transverse  lines.  Flowers  in  tbrees,  wbolly  immersed  and  closely 
packed  side  by  side  (not  in  a  triaug-le  as  in  S.  herhaccu),  all  hermapbro- 
dite  and  monandrous,  but  often  only  tbe  central  one  perfecting-  its  seed. 
Perianths  thickened  upwards,  witb  a  narrow  triangular  obliquely  trun- 
cate  top.  Seed  apparently  compressed  and  vertical  but  not  seen  very 
perfect. 

N.  Australia.  Sandflats  about  Providence  Hill  and  between  M'Adam  Range  and 
Point  Peavce,  F.  Mueller ;  Kyejeron  Creek,  Central  Australia,  3PDouall  Stuarfs  Ex- 
pedition. 

VT.  Australia,  Drummond,  [Herh.  F.  Mueller.). 

6.  S.  bidens,  Benth.  Stems  procumbent,  hard  and  apparently 
woodv,  with  ascending-  or  erect  branches,  from  under  6  in.  to  above 

1  ft.  iiig-h.     Articles  mostly  under  h  in.  long-,  dibited  at  tbe   top  into 

2  opposite  lobes  with  prominent  keels  to  a  breadth  of  2  lines  or  ratber 
more ;  in  tbe  older  stems  the  articles  are  somewhat  tbickened  with  the 
lobes  scarcely  or  not  at  all  prominent.  Spikes  terminal,  at  length  ex- 
ceeding-  1  in.,  tbe  articles  at  first  but  little  more  tban  1  line  long-,  but 
growing-  out  to  1|  lines  when  in  fruit,  the  lobes  or  scales  at  tbeir  ends 
very  prominent.  Flowers  in  threes,  at  first  ahnost  in  a  line,  more  in 
a  triang-le  when  in  fruit,  all  usually  hermapbrodite  and  monaudrous, 
Perianths  partially  immersed,  at  first  sborter  tban  the  subtending-  scale, 
wben  in  fruit  longer,  quite  distinct  and  free  from  the  rbacbis,  thickened 
upwards  and  obliquely  truncate  and  fiat  at  tlie  top.  Seed  vertical  and 
compressed. — Arthrociicmum  bideiis,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  082 ;  Moq.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  151. 

W.  Australia.  Salt  lagoons  N.  of  Stirling  Range,  F.  Mueller  j  Swan  rivcr,  Pretss, 
n.  1261  ;  Murchison  river,  Oldfield  ;  Sbarks  Bay,  Milne. 

Tliis  species  seenis  to  be  closely  allied  to  the  E.  Indian  »S'.  hracMata,  Eoxb.,  and  may 
possibly  prove  not  to  be  really  distinct  from  it,  but  tlie  precise  structure  of  the  flowers 
and  seeds  requires  further  investigation  in  botii. 

6.  S.  tenuis,  Benth.  A  divaricately-branched  or  difi\ise  shrub, 
more  slender  than  tlie  other  Australian  species.  Articles  of  the  branches 
\^o  h  in.  long,  the  upper  end  dihited  into  a  membranous  sometimes 
scarious  margin.  Flowers  apparently  ditf-cious,  both  sexes  in  tbrees. 
Male  spikes  short,  but  only  commencing-  to  fiower  in  tbe  specimens 
seen,  probably  at  length  elongated,  the  articles  birg-er  and  broader  than 
in  tbe  females,  with  scarious  margins.  Periantbs  all  tbree  distinct  and 
slender,  witb  1  stamen  in  each,  und  no  trace  of  pistil.  Female  spikes 
slender,  1  to  2  in.  long,  tbe  articles  \  to  above  1  Hne  long.  Perianths 
free,  at  first  ahnost  in  a  Hne,  at  long-tb  in  a  triang-le,  chivate,  turbinate, 
when  in  fruit  white,  mucb  dibated  at  tbe  top  which  is  obHquely  truncate 


Salicomia.]  xcvi.  chenopodiace.e.  205 

and  flat,  each  of  tlie  tliree  containing-  a  perfect  vertical  seed,  and  I  have 
found  no  trace  of  any  stamen,  but  the  speciniens  are  all  past  Hower. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Darling  desert,  Victorian  Erpedition  {S),  and  prubably  the  sarao 
re-iou.  MitclitU  (9). 

S.  Australia.  In  the  interior,  Howitt^s  Expedition  [i)  and  M'Douall  StuarVs 
Ejcpelition  (?). 

'1  he  specimens  are  very  few  and  I  do  not  feel  certain  that  the  male  and  the  fruiting 
ones  are  correctly  matched.  They  all  differ  from  the  other  Australian  species  in  their 
slender  articles  with  the  more  or  less  membranous  margins  to  the  upper  end. 

7.  S.  australis,  Soland.  in  Forst.  Prod.  88  (jiame  onli/).  Stems  pro- 
cumbent,  liard,  sometimes  woody  at  the  base,  with  ascending-  or  erect 
branches  rarely  above  6  in.  hig-h,  the  articles  varying-  from  a  little  more 
than  l  to  above  |  in.  higli,  not  much  or  not  at  all  dihited  at  the  end 
and  either  quite  terete  or  obscurely  2-lobed.  Spikes  cyhndrical,  1  to 
2  in.  long-,  usually  thicker  than  the  stems,  the  articles  about  1  line  long", 
dihated  at  the  top  into  slig-htly  prominent  rings  but  not  lobed.  Flowers 
5  or  ?  tog-ether  side  by  side,  all  hermaphrodite  or  the  ovaries  of  the 
lateral  ones  abortive,  mostly  if  not  all  diandrous.  Perianths  free  and 
distinct,  shortly  immersed  at  the  base,  the  central  ones  rather  long-er 
than  the  lateral,  but  all  shortly  prominent  beyond  the  subtending-  ring", 
chivate,  obhquely  truncate  and  fiat  at  the  top  and  ahnost  closed  by  the 
minute  connivent  teeth. — S.  indica,  R.  Br.  Prod.  411 ;  Hook.  i".  Fl. 
Tasm.  i.  81?,  notofWilld. 

Queensland?  Fitzroy  river,  Thozet  (not  in  flower). 

N.  S.  V/ales  ?     Hastings  river,  Beckler  ;  Clarcnce  river,  Wilcox  (not  in  flower). 

Victoria.  Conimon  in  wet  niarshy  places  on  the  seashore,  Portland,  Rohertson ; 
Port  Phillip  and  Station  Peak,  F.  Mueller ;  salt  marshes,  Streatham,  Lau. 

Tasmania.  Abundant  in  stony  places  near  the  sea  and  in  all  salt  marshes,  J.  D. 
Hooker. 

S.  Australia.     Fowler's  and  Petrel  Bays,  B.  Brown. 

TV.  Australia.     King  George's  Sound,  B.  Brown. 

The  species  is  common  in  New  Zealand,  whence  proceeded  Forster's  original  speci- 
men  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.  The  true  S.  indica  is  insufEciently  described  and  pictured  by 
Willdenow  (Neu.  Schr.  Gesellsch.  Natur.  Fr.  Berlin,  ii.  (not  v.)  111,  t.  4);  but  it  is 
probably  the  same  as  a  species  not  uncommon  on  the  shores  of  India  and  S.  Africa, 
b(>tter  figured  by  Wight,  Ic.  737,  and  described  by  Moquin  under  the  name  of  ^-Ir^/iroc- 
nemum  indicum,  which  has  always  the  flowers  in  threes,  whilst  in  S.  australis,  besides 
other  differences,  they  are  always  in  fives  or  sevens.  This  species  appears  to  have  been 
unknown  to  Moquin.  His  Halocneimun  australasicum,  to  which  he  refers  Brown's  plant 
(which  he  had  not  seen),  must  be  a  very  different  one.  In  his  diagnosis  he  omits  the 
character  of  the  5  to  7  flowers  expressly  given  by  Brown. 

The  northern  stations  given  above  must  remain  doubtful  until  flowering  specimens 
shall  have  been  observed. 

Tribe  4.  Salsole^. — Branches  continuous  (not  articulate).  Leaves 
narrow,  flat,  or  terete,  entire.  Testa  of  the  seed  various.  Embryo 
spirally  coiled,  without  albumen. 

14.  SU^DA,  Forsk. 

(Chenopodina,  Moq.) 

Flowers  mostly  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  depressed-g-lobular,  herba- 
ceous  or  slightly  fleshy,  with  5  broad  lobes  connivent  over  the  fruit, 


OQQ  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACE^.  [Su<pda. 

without  appendag-es  or  with  a  slight  horizontal  protuberance  or  thick 
scale  on  tlie  back  at  the  base  of  each  lobe.  Stamens  5.  Styles  2  or  3, 
rarelv  more ;  free  or  shortlv  united  at  the  base.  Fruit  enclosed  in  the 
perianth ;  pericarp  membranous,  very  thin  but  separable  from  the  seed. 
Seed  flat,  horizontal  or  vertical ;  testa  crustaceous  with  a  tliin  inner 
membrane.  Embryo  flat,  spirally  twisted,  without  any  or  with  scarcely 
anv  albumen. — Gh{brous  herbs  or  undershrubs.  Leaves  alternate,  sessile, 
linear,  thick  or  terete.  Flowers  small,  sessile,  solitary  or  chistered  in 
the  axils.     Bracts  and  bracteoles  very  small  and  scarious. 

The  genus  consisting  of  a  small  number  of  species,  is  vndely  diflfused  over  the  sea- 
coasts  and  saline  districts  of  both  the  New  and  the  Old  World,  the  only  Australian 
species  being  the  most  common  one  over  nearly  the  whole  area  of  the  genus. 

1.  S.  maritima,  Dnmort.  Fl.  Belg.  22  {Moq^.  A  much-branched 
herb,  erect  and  attaining;  1  ft.  or  more,  or  low  and  spreading-,  quite  g-la- 
brous,  somewhat  succulent,  with  a  hard  almost  woody  base,  Init  usually 
annual  or  biennial.  Leaves  hnear-terete  or  semi-cylindrical,  usually 
acute,  \  to  above  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  very  small,  chistered  or  rarely 
soHtary  in  the  axils,  the  fruiting-  perianth  usually  about  1  line  diameter, 
with  a  very  flat  horizontal  seed,  but  occasionally  I  have  found  one 
perianth  in  the  cluster  narrower  with  a  vertical  seed.  Under  each 
flower  there  are  usually  1  bract  and  2  bracteoles,  all  small  transparent 
scales,  but  sometimes  one  of  the  three  is  wanting-.  Seed  shining-. — Hook. 
f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  31G  ;  ClienopocUna  mfirithm,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  161 ; 
Chenopodmm  austrule,  R.  Br.  Prod.  40?  ;  Sua-da  anstralis,  Moq.  in  Ann. 
Sc.  Nat.  ser.  1,  xxiii.  318  ;  Oiempodina  amtralis,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii. 
ii.  163. 

Queensland.     Cleveland  Bay,  Bowman;  Fitzroy  river,  Thozet. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Hunter'8  river,  Leichhardt ;  Ash  island,  Woolls. 

Victoria.     Glenelg  ri\er,  Portland  Bay,  Bohertson 

Tasmania.     Abundant  on  mud  and  shingle  beaches  close  to  high-water  mark,  /.  D. 

ffooler. 

\ir.  Australia.  Lucky  Bay  and  Goose  Island  Bay,  B.  Broion;  Cape  Naturaliste, 
Lay  aiid  Collie ;  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

The  species  is  coramon  on  the  seacoasts  of  most  temperate  and  subtropical  regions 
both  in  the  New  and  the  Old  VVorld.  The  Austrah'an  plant  is  usually  distinguished 
from  the  common  northem  one  by  its  suffrutescent  habit,  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  its 
duration  exceeds  the  second  year,  which  the  European  plant  is  said  frequently  to  attain. 
Tn  both,  the  base  of  the  stem  becomes  very  hard  and  more  or  less  woody.  1  can,  no 
more  than  J.  D.  Hooker,  detect  any  other  difference  between  the  two. 

15.  SALSOLA,  Linn. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  of  6  rarely  4  distinct  seg-ments 
when  in  fruit,  bearing'  each  on  their  backs  a  horizontal  wing-  or  protu- 
berance,  their  points  closed  over  the  fruit.  Stamens  5  or  rarely  fewer. 
Styles  2,  rarely  3,  united  at  the  base  or  above  the  middle.  Fruit  en- 
closed  in  the  perianth.  Pericarp  membranous.  Seed  depressed  or 
nearlv  globular,  testa  membranous  ;  embryo  coiled  in  a  conical  or  doubly 
convex  spire,  without  albumen. — Herbs  or  undershrubs  usually  hard  or 


Salsola.]  xcvi.  chenopodiace^.  207 

fleshy.  Leaves  narrow-linear  or  terete,  entire.  Flowers  axillary,  sessile, 
solitary  within  each  lloral  leaf  (or  suhtending"  hract),  with  2  opposite 
bracteoles. 

The  genus  is  widely  spread  over  the  temperate  regions  of  the  globe  in  more  or  less 
saline  situatioiis.  The  only  Australian  species  is  the  most  common  one  over  nearly  the 
whole  area  of  the  genus. 

1.  S.  Kali,  Linn. ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  187.  A  hard  procum- 
hent  or  divaricately-hranched  herh,  g-lahrous  or  shghtly  puhescent, 
usually  xinder  1  ft.  but  sometimes  extending-  to  2  ft.  Leaves  alternate 
or  rarely  here  and  there  opposite,  sessile,  hard  and  rig^id  in  the  typical 
form,  the  lower  ones  terete  or  dilated  at  the  base,  from  J  in.  to  above 
2  in.  long',  the  upper  ones  shorter,  thicker,  and  often  more  flattened 
above,  hut  sometimes  all  terete,  the  lower  floral  ones  similar  to  the 
stem-leaves,  the  upper  ones  gradually  smaller  and  sometimes,  espe- 
cially  on  side  branches,  reduced  to  thick  triang-ular  or  lanceolate 
bracts  not  exceeding-  the  calyx,  all  as  well  as  the  bracteoles  ending-  in 
rig-id  pung'ent  points.  Flowers  sessile  and  sohtary  in  the  axil  of  each 
bract,  but  often,  owing*  to  the  reduction  of  the  flowering-  hranch,  clus- 
tered  in  the  axils  of  the  primary  floral  leaves.  Bracteoles  similar  to  the 
floral  leaf  or  subtending-  bract,  but  usually  smaller.  Segments  of  the 
fruiting  perianth  forming-  at  the  base  a  hard  or  thin  campanulate  or  tur- 
binate  tube  rarely  much  ahove  1  line  long",  surrounded  at  the  top  hy  the 
6  horizontal  wing-s  which  are  either  all  equal  or  2  narrower  than  the 
others,  each  one  sometimes  2  lines  long-  and  hroad,  thin  and  scarious, 
sometimes  very  small  and  thick  or  in  some  flowers  scarcely  perceptible, 
the  summit  of  each  perianth-segment  within  the  wing"  acute  scarious 
and  closing"  over  the  fruit.  Pericarp  with  the  upper  portion  flat  circum- 
sciss  and  deciduous.  Embryo  spiral,  the  two  cotyledons  in  separate 
coils  one  over  the  other,  with  the  radicle  coiled  horizontally  round  the 
lowest  coil  or  hetween  the  two. — S.  australis,  R.  Br.  Prod.  411 ;  Moq.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  188;  S.  macrophylla,  R.  Br.  l.c. ;  Moq.  l.c.  187;  Nees 
in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  637. 

Queensland.     Bay  of  Inlets,  Banks  and  Solander  ;  Maiia  island,  Dallachy ;  ia 

the  interior,  Mitchell ;  Cape  and  Suttor  rivers,  Bowman;  Armadilla,  Barton  ;  Currie- 
■willighie,  Dalton. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Botany  Bay,  Banks  and  Solander  ;  Clay  flats  and  saline  placea 
from  the  Murray  and  Darling  to  the  Barrier  Range,   Victorian  and  other  Expeditiona. 

Victoria.     Lake  Hindmarsh,  F.  MueUer. 

S.  Australia.  Petrel  Bay,  R.  Brown ;  St  Vincenfs  and  Spencer's  Gulfs,  F. 
Mueller;  between  Stokes  Range  and  Cooper's  Creek,  Wheeler. 

W.  Australia.  Drummond,  n.  244,  245 ;  Swan  river,  Preiss,  n.  2396  ;  Murchison 
river,  Oldfield. 

The  species  is  widely  distributfd  over  the  temperate  regions  of  the  New  as  well  as 
the  Old  World  in  more  or  less  saline  districts,  extending  not  unfrequently  to  within  the 
tropics.  I  can  discover  nothing  to  separate  the  Australian  specimens  from  the  Europeaa 
form  even  as  a  variety.    Moquin  cites  both  as  growing  together  in  Timor. 

Var.  hptophylla.  Leaves  slender,  almost  filiform,  but  pungent  when  full  grown. 
— Queensland  and  N.  S.  Wales. 

Var.  slrohilifera.     Flowers  densely  clustered  in  globular  heads  with  the  points  of  the 


OQ3  XCVI.    CHENOPODIACE^.  [Salsolu. 

subtenJing  bracts  protruding  like  the  scales  of  a  pine-cone. — Darling  desert  and  Mount 
Murchison. 

Var.  hrachypteris.  Winps  or  appendages  of  fhe  perianth  reduced  to  prominent 
transverse  ribs,  in  all  or  nearly  all  the  flowers. — S.  hrachypteris,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii. 
ii.  189. — Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy ;  Curtis  island,  Thozet.  The  bize  of  the  perianth- 
wings  is  as  variable  in  Europcan  as  in  Australian  specimens,  and  in  some  flowers  of 
most  spccimens  and  in  ncarly  all  of  otlier  specimens  tliey  remain,  in  both  countries, 
very  snort  or  undeveloped  as  in  aS".  hrachypteris ;  in  this  state  ^S'.  Kali  can  ahvays  be 
rtadily  distinguished  from  S.  Soda  by  the  pungent  leaves. 

Order  XCVII.    AMARANTACEiE. 

Periantli-segmeiits  5,  free  or  shortly  united  at  the  base,  rig-id  and 
scarious  or  coloured  at  least  on  the  margin  and  tips,  imbricate  in  the 
bud.  Stamens  5  or  fewer,  opposite  the  perianth-segments,  free  or 
united  at  the  base,  with  or  without  intervening  scales  or  teeth  (stami- 
nodia  of  some  authors)  ;  anthers  1-  or  2-celled,  the  cells  parallel.  Ovary 
1-celled,  with  1  or  several  ovules  attached  to  a  filiform  ftmicle  erect 
from  the  base  of  the  cavity.  Style  simple  and  entire,  with  a  capitate 
stigma  or  more  or  less  divided  into  2  or  3  branches  or  separate  styles, 
stigmatic  at  the  end  or  along  the  inner  edge.  Fruit  a  membranous  in- 
discent  utricle  or  rarely  a  circumsciss  capsule  or  a  succulent  berry,  en- 
closed  in  or  resting  on  the  persistent  perianth.  Seed  usually  vertical, 
orbicular  or  ovate  and  compressed,  testa  crustaceous.  Embryo  horse- 
shoe-shaped  or  annular,  enclosing  a  mealy  albumen. — Herbs  or  under- 
shrubs  rarely  shrubs  or  woody  climbers.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite, 
entire,  without  stipules.  Flowers  rarely  solitary  in  the  axils,  more  fre- 
quently  in  axillary  or  terminal  simple  or  paniculate  spikes  or  rarely 
cymes  or  chisters,  each  flower  sessile  or  rarely  pediceUate,  within  2  sca- 
rious  bracteoles,  and  subtended  by  a  scarious  bract  or  rarely  by  a  floral 
leaf. 

A  considerable  Order,  spread  over  the  temperate  and  warmer  regions  of  both  the  New 
and  the  Old  World,  disappearing  in  high  latitudes  and  in  alpine  districts.  Of  the  nine 
Australian  genera,  three  are  widely  dispersed  over  the  warmer  regions  of  the  globe,  each 
inchiding  two  or  three  common  tropical  weeds,  and  one  of  them  represented  by  several 
species  in  more  lemperate  districts,  a  fourth  extends  over  tiopical  Asia  and  more 
sparingly  into  Africa,  another  belongs  to  the  tropical  American  Flora,  the  remaining 
four  are  endemic. 

Tribe  1.  Celosiese. — Aiithers  2-celled.  Ovary  tvith  several  ovules.  Leaves  alter- 
nate. 

Woody  climbers.     Fruit  succulent 1.  Deeringia. 

Tribe  2.    Achyranthese. — Anthers  2-ceUed.     Ovary  with  a  single  ovule. 
Leavos  alternate. 

Stamens  shortly  nnited  at  the  base.     Flowers  axiUary,  solitary. 

Maritime  plants  with  linear  succulent  leaves 2.  Hemichroa. 

Stamens    free.      Fiowers    in   axillary   or  terminal    and    paniculate 

cymes  or  chisters.     Leaves  flat 3.  Amarantus. 

Slamens    shortly    united  at    the  base.       Flowers    in    dense    single 
terminal  spikcs,  oftcn  shortened  into  heads. 
Perianth-segments  with    the  himinre  more  or   less  plumose  with 
dorsal  arliculate  hairs,  the  tips  alone  glabrous   ......  4.  Trichinium. 


XCVII.    AMAHANTACEiE.  209 

Perianth-segments  with  the  whole  lamina  scarious,  coloured 

and  glabrous 5.  Ptilotcs. 

Leaves  opposite.     Stamens  united  in  a  cup  at  the  baso,  with 
truncate  teeth  or  lobes  betwcen  the  filaments. 
Flowers   5-merous,   in  terminal  elongated  spikes.     Bracts    aiid 

perianth-segments  acule 6.  Achyranthes. 

Flowers  4-merous,  in  axillary  or  terminal  spikes  shortened  into 

heads.     Bracts  and  perianth-segments  spinescent    ....  7.  Nyssanthes. 

Tribe  3.  Gomphrenese. — Anthers  1-celled.  Ooartj  with  a  single  ovule.  Leaves 
opposite. 

Stigma  capitate.  Spikes  often  shortened  into  heads,  axillary  (rarely 

also  terminal) 8.  Alternanthera. 

Stigma  2-lobed.     Spikes  often  shortened  into  heads,  terminal  or 

rarely  axiliary 9.  Gomphrena. 

Besides  the  above,  the  following  species  described  by  F.  Mueller  cannot  be  referred 
to  its  proper  genus  until  it  shall  again  have  been  observed.  It  is  evidently  not  a  Fsilo- 
trichum  from  its  inflorescence.  The  other  species  formerly  referred  by  F.  Jlueller  to 
Psilotrichtim  is  now  correctly  ph\ced  in  Trichinium,  froni  which  the  following  plant 
differs  essentially  in  its  fipposite  leaves.  The  teeth  of  the  staminal  cup  or  tube  in  pairs 
between  each  two  fihiments  miglit.witli  the  opposite  leaves,  refer  it  to  Gomphrena,  but 
from  its  having  been  placed  in  Psilotrichum  we  are  leJ  to  suppose  that  the  anthers  were 
bilocuiar. 

Psilotrichum  capitatum,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  i.  238.  A  glabrous  erect  or  ascending 
■undershrub  of  1  ft.  or  less.  Leaves  opposite,  ovate  or  ovate  lanceolate,  a(  ute,  contracted 
into  a  petiole,  rather  thick,  ^  to  1  in.  iong.  Flower-lieads  (spikes  ?)  terminal,  sessile, 
nearly  globnlar.  Bracteoles  finely  pointed,  somewhat  shorter  than  tlie  perianth,  the 
bract  shghtly  exceeding  the  bracteoles.  Periantli-segments  3  to  4  lines  long,  glabrous, 
the  inner  ones  bearded  inside  at  the  base.  Fiiaments  capillary,  scparated  by  small 
divaiicate  teeth  in  pairs. — Stirling's  Creek,  F.  Mueller. — Described  by  F.  Mueller  from 
notes  taken  at  the  time  of  gatliering  it,  the  specimens  having  been  lost  in  the  passage 
home. 

Tribe  1.  Celosie^. — Antliers  2-celled.  Ovary  with  several  ovules. 
Leaves  alternate. 

1.  DEERINGIA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaplirodite  or  dioecious.  Perianth  of  5  equal  o-labrous 
seg-ments  spreading-  under  the  fruit.  Stamens  5,  shortly  united  in  a 
ring-  at  the  base,  without  intervening-  staminodia.  Anthers  2-celled. 
Ovary  with  several  ovules.  Styles  3,  rarely  4,  few  and  stig-matic  from 
the  base.  Fruit  enlarg-ed,  succulent,  indehiscent.  Seeds  several. — Tall 
woody  climbers,  g-labrous  or  rusty-pubescent.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers 
numerous,  loosely  spicate,  the  spikes  in  axillary  or  terminal  panicles. 
Bracts  and  bracteoles  small,  scarious  or  petal-like. 

The  genus  is  widely  spread  over  trnpical  Asia,  more  sparingly  extending  into  Africa. 
Of  the  two  Australian  species  one  is  the  same  as  the  commonest  Asiatic  one,  the  other 
is  endemic. 

Quite  glabrous.     Flowers  hermaphrodite 1.  Z>.  celosioides. 

Branclies  and  young  leaves  pubescent.     Fiowers  dicecious  (the  ovaries 

of  the  males  without  o\Tiles) 2.  D.  altissima. 

1.  D.  celosioides,  i?.   Br.   Prod.   413.     A  woody  g-labrous  climber 
scrambling"  over  bushes  to  the  height  of  10  or  12  ft.  (according-  to  Aus- 
VOL.  V.  ■  p 


210  xcvii.  AMARANTACEiE.  [Deeringia. 

tralian  collectors).  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate,  entire,  niostly  2  to  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  liermaplirodite,  solitary 
or  somewhat  clustered,  in  slender  interriipted  spikes  varying-  from  2 
or  3  to  8  or  10  in.  long-,  either  in  the  upper  axils  or  in  a  loose  terminal 
panicle,  each  tiower  nearly  sessile  in  the  axil  of  a  small  hnear-lanceolate 
acute  hract,  sliorter  than  the  perianth  except  sometimes  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  spike,  and  acconipanied  hy  two  smaller  hracteoles.  Perianth- 
seg-ments  ovate,  scarcely  1  line  long-,  of  a  g-reenish  white  when  fresh, 
hhick  with  a  whitish  margin  when  dry.  Stamens  united  at  the  hase  in 
a  prominent  ring-  or  very  sliort  cap.  Berry  red,  nearly  g-lohuh»r,  3-fur- 
rowed,  usuallv  al)out  2  liucs  diameter  or  rather  hirg-er. — Bot.  Mag-.  t. 
2717 ;  Endl.  Iconog-r.  t.  &2 ;  Wig-ht  Ic.  Pl.  t.  728  ;  D.  iaceuta,  Moq. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  230. 

Qneensland.  Slioalw.iter  and  Kcppel  Bays  and  Broad  Sound,  R.  Broicn ;  Endea- 
vour  rivcr,  A.  Cinaiixi/lKnn  ;  Barnard  Islcs,  M'Gillir-ray ;  Port  Denison,  Fitzalan  ; 
Eockiiii;]iani  Bay,  Jjalliiclii/ ;  Eocklianipton,  iJallachy  and  otliers ;  Darling  Downs, 
Lau  ;  Brisbane  rivcr,  Moreton  Bay,  F.  MuelUr  and  otiiers. 

N.  S.  'Virales.  Port  Jackson,  JR.  Brown,  Woolls  ;  nortiiward  to  Macleay,  Hastings, 
and  Clareuce  rivers,  Bechler ;  New  England,  C.  Stuart;  soutliwaid  to  Kiama,  Harvey. 

The  species  is  common  in  E.  India  and  tbo  Archipelago,  extending  to  New  Caledonia. 

2.  D.  altissima,  F.  MneU.  Fragm.  ii.  92,  vi.  251.  A  woody  chmher 
resemhling'  D.  eclosioides  hut  larg-er,  ascending-  to  the  tops  of  the  tallest 
trees,  the  young-  parts  clothed  with  a  soft  rusty  crisped  pubescence  which 
disappears  from  the  upper  surface  of  the  older  leaves,  persisting*  under- 
neath  or  at  least  leaving-  some  traces  along-  the  midrih.  Leaves  ovate  or 
ohlong',  rarely  ovate-lanceolate,  very  shortly  acuminate,  thicker  than 
in  D.  eelosioidcs,  and  attaining-  3  to  G  in.  Plowers  dioecious,  more  nu- 
merous  than  in  D.  cehmoidcs,  in  denser  spikes  and  hirg-er  panicles,  the 
males  much  whiter  and  more  petaloid  than  in  that  species,  the  stamens 
united  in  a  scarcely  prominent  ring-,  the  ovary  ovoid  and  conical  exter- 
nally  perfect  as  well  as  the  styles  but  without  any  ovules  ;  the  female 
llowers  smaller,  not  so  wliite,  in  more  compact  and  less  branched  panicles, 
the  ovary  more  g-lobuhir  with  about  10  to  15  ovules,  the  stamens  more 
or  less  imperfect  or  altog-ether  abortive.  Berry  g-lobular,  red,  scarcely 
l^  lines  diameter. — Lagrezia  altissima,  Mocj.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  253 ; 
Lestibudesia  arborescens,  R.  Br.  Prod.  414 ;  Cclosia  arhorcsccns,  Spreng*. 
Syst.  i.  815 ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  243. 

Queensland.  Endcavour  rivor,  Banls  and  Solander ;  Port  Denison,  Fitzalan; 
I\ockiii,<;ham  and  Edgecombe  Bays,  Dallachy ;  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Baj',  A.  Cun- 
?u'«j//('(/rt  aiid  otiicrs ;  l'iirt  Mackay,  Nernst. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  llastings  river,  Beckler  ;  Richmoud  river,  Uenderson  ;  Tweed  and 
Clarence  rivcrs,  C.  Moore. 

The  male  specimeus  being  the  handsomest  are  the  most  frequcntly  collected  and  the 
only  oncs  seen  by  R.  Brown  and  by  Moquin.  The  ovary  in  tlicm  is  so  large  that  it  has 
not  tbe  appearauce  of  bcing  abortive,  but  I  have  opcned  a  Jarue  nunibcr  without  ever 
finding  auy  oviilcs.  From  its  membranous  appcarance  Brown  thonght  the  fruit  might 
be  capsubir,  and  Moquin  tiuit  it  miglit  be  mnnospcrmous,  wbich  accounts  for  their  not 
having  associated  the  plant  with  JJeerinyia. 


XCVII.    AMARANTACE.E.  211 

Tribe  2.  AcHYRANTHEiE. — Antliers  2-celled.     Ovary  with  a  sing-le 
ovule.     Leaves  alternate  or  opposite. 


2.  HEMICHEOA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  liermaplirod.ite.  Periantli-seg-ments  5,  free,  erect,  glabrous, 
rig-id,  wliite  at  least  inside.  Stamens  5  or  feAver,  the  filaments  united 
in  a  short  cup  at  the  base,  without  intervening*  teetli  or  scales.  Ovary 
uniovulate.  Style  with  2  very  short  or  rather  long  stigmatic  branches. 
Fruit  an  indehiscent  utricle.  Seed  verticah — Maritime  prostrate  herbs 
or  low  spreading-  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate,  linear,  fleshy.  Flowers  ses- 
sile  and  solitary  in  the  axils,  between  2  rigid  scarious  bracteoles. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia,  but  is  scarcely  distinct  from  tlie  European  and 
Asiatic  genus  Folycnemum,  differing  indeed  only  in  the  tbick  succulent  leaves  and 
longer  style. 

Prostrate  herb.     Stamens  5.     Style  bifid 1.  H.  pentandra. 

Small  divaricate  sbrub.     Stamens  2,  unibiteral.     Style  with  a  very 

short  bifid  stigma 2.  jy.  diandra. 

1.  H.  pentandra,  R.  Br.  Prod.  409.  A  glabrous  perennial,  with 
prostrate  stems  and  numerous  shortly  ascending*  branches,  forming 
dense  patches  of  ^  to  1  ft.  diameter.  Leaves  sessile,  linear,  mucronate, 
thick  or  semiterete  and  succulent,  \  to  f  in.  long-,  the  upper  floral  ones 
somewhat  dilated  and  concave  at  the  base,  but  otherwise  similar  to  the 
others.  Bracteoles  ovate,  acute,  scarious  with  a  prominent  midrib,  from 
I  to  I  the  length  of  the  perianth.  Perianth  about  l^  lines  long,  the 
seg-ments  acute,  more  or  less  scarious  and  coloured  (wliite  ?)  inside,  the 
outer  ones  almost  ovate  and  3-nerved,  the  inner  ones  narrower,  more 
lanceolate,  1-  or  2-nerved.  Stamens  6,  much  shorter  than  the  perianth, 
united  at  the  base  in  a  short  annular  cup.  Style  in  the  flowers  examined 
divided  to  the  middle  or  lower  down,  but  described  by  others  as  very 
shortly  lobed.  Fruit  ovoid,  shorter  than  the  perianth,  not  oblique ; 
pericarp  rather  thickly  membranous.  Seed  w^th  a  crustaceous  shining" 
testa.  Embryo  semiannuhir  according-  to  Moquin,  forming-  almost  a 
complete  ring-  in  the  seeds  examined. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  334  \ 
Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  311. 

Victoria.  In  rather  muddy  places  on  the  seashore  from  Gipps  Land  to  the  westem 
frontier,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  On  the  shore,  Port  Dalrymple,  B.  Brown ;  Great  Swan  Port,  Bach- 
house  ;  George  Town,  Gnnn. 

S.  Australia.     Port  Adelaide,  F.  Mueller. 

W.  Australia.     King  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown. 

2.  H.  diandra,  H.  Br.  Prod.  409.  A  small  g-labrous  much-branched 
spreading  plant,  evidently  shrubby  and  apparently  less  prostrate  than 
H.  pcntundra.  Leaves  linear  and  succulent  as  in  that  species  but  not  so 
thick  and  the  floral  ones  more  dilated  at  the  base.  Flowers  rather  Larger 
and  more  scarious.  Perianth  about  2  lines  long,  and  the  bracteoles  not 
much  shorter,  segments  rather  obtuse,  1-nerved,  the  inner  ones  not 

p2 


o]o  xcvii.  AMARANTACEJE.  [Hcmichroa. 

much  narrower  than  the  outer.  Stamens  2,  not  much  shorter  than  the 
perianth,  the  lihiments  much  dilated  below  the  middle,  and  united  at  the 
base  on  the  «■ibbous  side  of  the  ovary,  the  stamiual  cup  interrupted  on 
the  other  side,  without  any  rudimentary  stamens.  Ovary  very  oibbous  on 
the  side  next  the  stamens.'  Style  undivided,  Avith  a  small  2-lobed  stig-ma. 
Fruit  not  seen  ripe. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  334:. 

N.  Australia?  A  frMgment  from  Nicliol  Bay,  N.W  coiist,  in  herb.  F.  MuelL,  ap- 
pears  to  beloiig  rather  to  this  species  than  to  H.  pentandra,  but  i.s  insufficient  for  de- 
termination.  . 

S.  Australia.  Fowler's  Bay,  R.  Brown ;  hills  near  Lake  Hamilton,  yvmelim  ; 
head  of  Spencers  Guif,  F.  MveUer,  Warhurton. 

W.  Australia.     Salt  marshes,  Sharks  Bay,  Milne. 

3.  AMARANTUS,  Linn. 
(Sarratia,  Moq.;  Amblogyne  and  Euxolus,  Bajin.) 

Flowers  usually  monoecious.  Perianth-seg-ments  3  to  5,  erect  with 
scarious  marg-ins  or  (especially  when  in  fruit)  more  or  less  dilated  at  the 
end  into  spreading-  scarious  laminae.  Stamens  3  to  5,  free,  without  in- 
tervening-  staminodia.  Anthers  2-celled.  Ovary  uniovulate.  Styles  2 
or  3,  free  and  stig-matic  from  the  base.  Fruit  a  membranous  utricle, 
either  circumsciss  when  ripe  or  indehiscent  with  the  pericarp  loose  or 
adnate  to  the  seed.  Seed  solitary. — Herbs  mostly  annual,  gdabrous  or 
nearly  so,  g-reen  or  red.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers  small,  in  dense 
cymes  or  clusters,  the  clusters  all  axillary  or  collected  in  terminal 
spikes  Avhich  are  either  simple  or  branching-  into  dense  panicles.  Bracts 
and  bracteoles  small,  g-reen  or  scarious.  The  female  flowers  are  usually 
much  more  numerous  than  the  males,  which  are  in  the  same  clusters, 
chietly  in  the  upper  parts  of  the  inliorescence,  with  the  same  number  or 
Avith  iewer  perianth-seg"ments  than  the  females. 

The  genus  has  a  very  extensive  range  over  the  New  and  the  Old  World,  some  of  the 
larger  species  much  cultivated  for  the  seed  and  severai  others  very  comnion  weeds  of 
cultivation.  Of  the  ten  species  liere  enumerated  one  is  evidently  an  escape  from  culti- 
vation,  tvvo  others  are  common  weeds  of  ciiltivation,  one  cliiefly  in  tlie  Old  World,  the 
other  in  the  warmer  regions  of  both  tlie  New  and  the  Old  World.  The  remainiiig  seven 
are  endemic,  but  two  of  thcm  bear  a  remarkable  resemblance  to  the  West  Indian  and 
Central  American  groiip  of  Amhlogyne. 

The  characters  derived  irom  the  dehiscent  or  indehiscent  pericarp  or  from  the  more  or 
less  spreading  laminae  of  the  fruiting  perianth,  are  so  iittle  in  accord  with  habit  or  with 
any  other  character,  that  I  have  thought  it  better  to  retain  the  collective  genus  as  a 
natural  and  very  fairly  defined  one,  than  to  adopt  the  purely  artificial  disseverances  pro- 
posed  by  Moquin  and  others. 

Sect.  1.    Euamarantus. — Pericarp  circumsciss. 

Periar,th-segments  mostly  5,  erect.     Tall  erect  plant  with  an 

ample  punicle,  the  points  of  the  bracts  very  proiiiinent    ...     1.  A.  paniculatus. 

Perianth-scgments  mostly  3,  erect  or  slightly  dilated  at  the  end. 
Clusters  all  axillary  or  the  upper  oues  in  a  short  dense  terminal 
spike 2.  A.  Blitum. 

Perjanth-scgments  mostly  4  or  5,  erect  or  sh'ghtly  dilated  at  the 
end.  Cluslers  axillary  and  in  a  long  loose  terminal  shortly- 
branched  spike 3.   ^.  leptostachyus. 

Perianth-segments   mostly    5,    with    diiated    scarious    spreading 

laminje  (when  in  fruit).     Terminal  spikes  usually  paniculate  .      4.  A.  paUidiflorvs. 


Amarantus.]  xcvii.  amarantace^.  213 

Sect.  2.    Euxolus. — Pericarp  niembranous,  indehiscent  or  hursting  irregularhj. 

Pericatp  poparate  froni  the  seed,  shorter  than  or  not  nmch  longer 
tnan  tlie  perianth. 
Segiuents  of  the  fruiting  perianth  5,  with  dilatcd  and  scarious 

laniinse.     Cyines  axillary.     Pericarp  longitudinally  ribbed    .     5.  A.  Mitchellii. 
Segnients  of  the  fruiting  perianth  erect  or  slightly  dilated  and 
spreading      Clusters  axiUary  and  in  a  terminal  spike. 

Fruiting  perianths  niostly  5-nierous 6.  ^.  interruptus. 

Fruiting  perianths  mostly  3merous 7.-4.  viridis. 

Pericarp  separate  from  the  seed,  oblong,  at  least  twice  as  long  as 

the  perianth.     Clusters  all  axillary %.  A.  macrocarpus. 

Pericarp  small,  globular,  very  thin  and  not  readily  separable  from 
the  seed.  Leaves  narrow.  Clusters  all  axillary.  Perianth- 
segments  mostly  4. 

Perianth-segments  twice  as  long  as  the  fruit 9.  A.  tenuis. 

Perianth-segments  about  as  long  as  the  fruit 10.  .4.  enervis. 

Sect.  1.  EuAMARANTUS. — Pericarp  circumsciss  wlien  ripe,  the  lower 
half  with  the  perianth  usually  (but  not  always)  remaining-  attached  after 
the  seed  has  fallen.  Male  perianths  usually  of  as  many  seg-ments  as  the 
females. 

1.  A.  paniculatus,  Linn. ;  Moq.  inDC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  257.  Anerect 
stout  annual  sometimes  attaining-  5  or  6  ft.,  the  foliag-eand  inflorescence 
often  assuming-  a  reddish  hue  and  sometimes  the  panicle  a  rich  crimson. 
Leaves  on  long-  petioles,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  2  to  4  in.  long-.  Flowers 
in  dense  cylindrical  spikes,  the  lower  ones  axillary,  the  upper  ones 
forming-  a  dense  terminal  panicle,  6  in.  to  1  ft.  long-,  the  central  spike 
thicker  and  long-er  than  the  lateral  ones,  all  appearing-  more  or  less 
echinate  by  the  line  points  of  the  bracts  and  bracteoles  which  usually 
exceed  the  perianth.  Perianth-seg-ments  mostly  5,  erect,  tapering*  into 
a  fine  point,  1  to  1|  line  long-.  Pericarp  membranous,  rug-ose,  circum- 
sciss.  Stvles  2  or  8. — A.frumentaceus,  Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.  iii.  699 ;  Wig'ht, 
Ic.  t.  720. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Port  Jackson,  R.  Broivn;  Clarence  river,  Beclcler. 

Evidently  an  escape  from  cultivation  as  suggested  by  R.  Brown,  and  therefore 
omitted  from  his  Prodromus.  Exteusively  cultivated  in  India,  and  probably  a  native 
of  Asia. 

There  is  also  a  single  specimen  from  Darling  Downs,  Lau,  in  Herb.  F.  Miieller,  of 
what  appears  to  be  A.  caudatus,  Linn.,  another  cuUivated  species,  nearly  allied  to  the 
last,  but  usually  with  a  longer  and  narrower  panicle,  and  the  very  short  points  of  the 
bracts  not  exceeding  the  perianth,  whence  the  aspect  of  the  plant  is  very  difierent. 

2.  A.  Blituin,  Lifin.  ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  2G3.  An  erect  or 
procvimbent  branching'  annual,  attaining'  from  1  to  2  ft.  Leaves  on 
long-  petioles,  ovate  or  rhomboidal,  obtuse  or  obtusely  acuminate,  mostly 
1  to  2  in.  long-  in  g-ood  soils,  under  1  in.  in  drier  places.  Flowers  chiefly 
in  dense  sessile  axillary  chisters,  but  also  forming'  sometimes  a  short 
dense  terminal  spike.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  not  exceeding-  the  perianth. 
Perianth-segments  almost  always  3,  mucronate-acute,  lanceolate,  scarious 
with  a  green  midrib,  about  |  hne  long',  erect  or  when  in  fruit  slightly 


214  xcvii.  AMARANTACE^.  [AmaranUts. 

dilat^d  and  spreading-  at  the  end.  Pericarp  membranous,  sli^htly  rug-ose, 
about  as  lony  as  the  perianth,  circumsciss.     Styles  2  or  3. 
N.  S.  Wales,  Leichhardt.     Perliaps  introduceil. 

3.  A.  leptostachyus,  Benth.  An  erect  annual,  from  under  1  ft.  to 
about  Ih  tt.  hiuli.  Loaves  on  rather  long-  petioles,  ovate,  obtuse,  under 
1  in.  loug-,  with  the  primary  veins  otten  renu\rkabh'  prominent.  Chisters 
of  flowers  rather  loose,  very  numerous,  the  lower  ones  axillary,  the  upper 
ones  forming-  a  long-  terminal  interrupted  spike  leafy  at  the  base  only 
like  that  of  .1.  intcrruptus.  Perianth-seg-ments  erect  or  scarcely  spread- 
ing-  and  persistent  with  the  lower  portion  of  the  circumsciss  pericarp  as 
in  A.  Blitum,  but  usually  4  or  5  instead  of  3  only. 

N.  Australia.     Port  Darwin,  Schultz-. 
Queensland.     Islands  off  Cape  Flattery,  M'Gillioray. 

4.  A.  pallidiflorus,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  i,  140.  An  erect  or  decum- 
bent  annual  of  1  to  1?  ft.  Leaves  on  long- petioles,  ovate,  obtuse,  1  to  3  in. 
long,  rather  thin  and  of  a  pale  g-reen.  Lower  c^Tnes  or  clusters  of 
flowers  axillary,  the  upper  ones  in  dense  spikes  forming-  a  terminal 
panicle  of  ^  ft.  or  more,  the  central  spike  very  long-,  the  lateral  ones 
short.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  scarious,  lanceolate  or  ovate-lauceolate, 
very  acute,  about  as  long-  as  the  claws  of  the  perianth-segments  or  rarely 
as  long*  as  the  whole  perianth.  Perianth-segments  5,  lanceolate  at  the 
time  of  flowering-,  those  of  the  females,  when  in  fruit  Avith  broad  erect 
claws  of  about  |  line  and  expanded  into  broadly  ovate  mucronate-acute 
spreading"  and  scarious  himin;e,  rather  long-er  than  the  chiws.  Pericarp 
very  rugose,  membranous,  circumsciss,  with  a  thick  apex  and  3  fine  styles. 

N.  Australia.     Nichol  Bay,   Walcott;  Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller. 

■W.  Australia.     Port  Walcott,  Harper. 

Tliis  species  bas  precisely  tlie  aspect  of  and  is  closely  allied  to  A.  scariosus,  Benth., 
from  Centi-al  America,  aud  with  that  species  would  be  referred  to  Sarratia  as  defined 
by  Moquin,  or  to  Amhlognne  as  defined  by  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  Sc.  v.  168.  The 
American  plant  is  indrcd  only  to  be  distingnished  from  the  Australian  by  the  longer 
poiuts  to  thc  bracts  and  by  the  reluse  or  euiarginate  laminse  of  the  fruiting  perianth. 

Sect  2.  EuxoLus. — Pericarp  membranous,  indehiscent  or  bursting' 
irregularly,  loose  and  separate  from  or  close  and  adhering-  to  the  seed. 
Male  flowers  usually  but  not  always  trimerous  or  tetramerous.  Fruiting" 
perianth  of  3,  4  or  6  segments  usually  falHng-  oft'  with  the  fruit. 

5.  A.  Mitchellii,  Benth.  Apparently  erect,  rather  stout  and  rigid, 
brancliiug-  l)ut  not  titlL  Leaves  on  long-  petioles,  ovate-hinceolate  or 
oblong-,  obtuse,  narrowed  at  the  base,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Flowers  all  axil- 
lary  and  numerous,  in  sessile  or  shortly  peduncuhite  cymes  often  |  in. 
broad,  rareh'  reduced  to  close  clusters.  Bracts  scarious,  nearly  as  long' 
as  the  jierianth,  with  a  prominent  midrib  ending-  in  a  sliarp  point,  the 
bracteoles  simihir  but  rather  smaller.  Seg-ments  of  the  li-uiting-  perianth 
5,  wath  a  rigid  erect  stipes  of  about  i  hne,  and  a  broad  scarious  spread- 
ing-  lamina  at  least  as  long-,  the  midrib  produced  into  a  rigid  point. 
Perianth  globuhar,  membranous,   with   12  to   15  prominent   undulate 


Ainarantus.\  xcvii.  amarantace^.  215 

long-itudinal  ribs,  indehiscent  or  burstino;  irreo-ularh%  witli  a  thick 
summit  projecting-  beyond  the  periantli,  and  8  short  subulate  stigmatic 
styles. — A.  nndulatus,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  102,  not  of  R.  Br. 

pueensland.     Narran   river,   Mitchell;  Flinders  river,    Sutherland;  Charlesville, 
Gilcs ;  Annaililla,   Barton.     Used  as  a  vegetabie,  ^Sw^/ierZrtJifZ,  Gilfs. 
_  N.  S.  TVales.     Between  tlie  Darling  and  Cooper's  Creek,  Neilson ;    Ballandool 
river,  Locher. 

Witli  tlie  radiating  fruiting  perianth  of  A.  palUdiflorus,  tliis  has  the  habit  of  ^. 
Blituni  or  ahnost  of  A.  crassipes  {Scleropus,  Schrad.),  with  the  pericarp  indehiscent  as 
in  JSuxolus,  but  differing  in  its  prominent  ribs  from  all  Amaranti  iinown  to  me. 

6.  A.  interruptus,  B.  Br.  Prod.  414.  Erect  or  decumbent,  from  G 
in.  to  nearly  2  ft.  high.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  ahnost  rhomboidal, 
obtuse,  ^  in.  to  near  2  in.  long*.  Cymes  or  clusters  dense  or  at  length 
rather  loose,  the  lower  ones  axillary,  the  upper  ones  forming*  a  long' 
loose  spike  leafy  at  the  base,  either  simple  or  rarely  with  a  few  short 
branches.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  shorter  than  the  perianth  or  about  as 
long*,  scarcely  pointed.  Seg-ments  of  the  fruiting-  perianth  5,  narrow, 
erect,  sHg-htly  spathuhite,  shortly  but  finely  pointed,  about  f  Hne  long-, 
white  and  scarious  on  the  marg-ins,  dark  in  the  centre,  those  of  the  male 
flowers  usually  3  only  and  not  dihited  upwards.  Pericarp  membranous, 
rug"ose,  not  ribbed,  indehiscent  or  bursting*  irregTilarly,  loose  over  the 
seed  with  a  short  thick  summit  about  as  long-  as  the  perianth.  Styles  2 
or  rarely  3. — A.  tindulatus,  A.  rhomhcus,  and  A.  lineatus,  R.  Br.  l.c. ; 
Euxolus  undulatus,  E.  rhondmis  and  E.  interruptus,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiii.  ii.  272  and  275  ;  E.  Hneatus,  Moq.  l.c.  276  as  to  the  Australian,  but 
not  the  Sandwich  Ishmd  phmt. 

N.  Australia.  Arnhem  N  Bay  and  neighbouring  parts  of  the  N.  coast,  B.  Brown  ; 
Sandy  islands,  Yictoria  river,  F.  Mueller  ;  N.  coast,  Landsborour/h. 

Queensland.  llockhampton,  0'Shanesy;  Brisbane  river,  Leichhardt ;  Port 
Mackay,  Nerust. 

This  species  lias  the  aspect  nearly  of  ^l.  Blitum,  with  tlie  friiit  of  ^4.  viridis,  and  is 
readily  distinguished  from  both  by  the  segments  of  tlie  fruiting  periantli  almost  con- 
stantly  5,  not  3  ;  tliey  fall  off  with  the  fruit  as  in  most  species  of  the  section  Euxolus. 
Brown's  four  species  appear  to  me  to  be  scarcely  even  varieties  of  a  single  one.  The 
specimens  of  ^-1.  undulatus  are  young,  with  small  broad  leaves  on  long  petioles 
slightly  crisped  on  the  margin,  the  terminal  spike  still  dense  and  commencing  flowering. 
Those  of  A.  interruptus  are  oider,  the  spike  long  and  Inose,  and  most  of  the  fruits 
already  fallen  otf ;  the  leaves  are  narrower  than  in  A.  imdulatus.  A.  rhomheus  is,  as  it 
were,  intermediate  between  the  two.  Tlre  specimens  of  A.  lineatus  appear  to  me  to  be 
old  ones  of  A.  interruptus  which  bave  been  eaten  down,  or  bave  otherwise  lost  the 
upper  part  of  their  main  stem,  which  has  shot  up  branches  giving  it  a  diflerent 
aspect.  All  are  from  the  same  iocalities,  probably  sandy  or  arid.  Nernst's  specimens 
from  Port  Mackay  are  very  luxuriant,  with  broad  leaves  twice  the  size  of  those  of  most 
others,  but  not  otherwise  different. 

7.  A.  viridis,  Linn.  An  erect  or  decumbent  annual  of  1  to  2  ft. 
Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  ovate-hinceohite,  obtuse,  rather  thin  but  the 
pinnate  veins  usually  prominent  underneath,  1  to  2  in.  long\  Flowers 
small,  green  with  an  obtuse  appearance,  the  lower  ones  in  small  axillary 
sessile  cymes  or  close  clusters,  the  upper  ones  in  rather  loose  or  inter- 
rupted  spikes,  forming  a  short  terminal  panicle,  the  central  spike  1  to 


210  xcvil.  AMARANTACE^.  [Ainaruutus. 

3  in.  long-,  tlie  lateral  ones  few  and  sliort.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  nar- 
row,  not  exceeding-  tlie  periiintli.  Periantli-seg-nients  3,  narrow,  erect, 
scarcely  f  Hne  long-,  falling-  oif  witli  tlie  fruit.  Pericarp  rug-ose,  inde- 
hiscent,  free  from  tlie  seed,  about  as  long-  as  the  porianth.  Styles 
usuallv  3. — Euxolus  virklis,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  273. 

Queensland.  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  F.  Mueller ;  Rockhampton,  Dallachy 
and  otliers  :   Nerkool  Creek,  Bowman. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Glendon,  Cassilis,  Leichhardt. 

IV.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  105. 

Conimon  in  wastc  and  cultivatcd  places  in  the  warraer  regions  of  Europe,  Asia,  and 
Africa,  and  now  l're(|uent  in  several  parts  of  America.  Possibiy  introduced  only  into 
Australia. 

8.  A.  macrocarpus,  Bcnth.  A  small  diffuse  or  decumbent  plant, 
none  of  our  specimens  above  6  in.  and  some,  althoug-h  the  whole  plant, 
much  smaller.  Leaves  on  long-  petioles,  obovate  or  oblong-,  very  ob- 
tuse  or  emarg-inate,  about  h  in.  long-  or  ratlier  more.  Flowers  in  dense 
axillary  sessile  nearly  g'IobuIar  clusters,  chielly  females  in  our  speci- 
mens,  the  males  not  seen  perfect.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  shorter  than 
the  perianth.  Fruiting-  perianth  of  3  rarely  6  narrow-Iinear  erect  very 
pointed  seg-ments  sometimes  slightly  dilated  below  the  point.  Fruit 
oblong-  or  almost  bottle-shaped,  1\  to  1|  lines  long-,  much  exceeding*  the 
perianth,  the  pericarp  inflated,  membranous  and  reticulate-rug-ose,  dry- 
ing-  black  in  the  common  form.  Seed  erect,  obovoid,  mucli  smaller  than 
the  cavity  of  the  fruit. 

Queensland.     Armadilia,  Barton;  Dawson  river,  Leichhardt. 
W.  S.  TVales.     Junction  of  the  Murray  and  Darling,  F.  Mueller ;  Darling  river, 
WooUs. 

Var.  pallida.  Fruit  of  a  pale  green  when  dry.  Perianth  smaller  and  often  reduced 
to  1  or  2  segments. — Curriwillighie,  Dalton. 

9.  A.  tenuis,  Benth.  Stems  in  our  specimens  sing-le,  erect,  slender, 
6  to  SJ  in.  high.  Leaves  narrow-lanceolate,  acute,  the  radical  ones  con- 
tracted  into  a  long-  petiole,  the  lamina  usually  1  to  1|  in.  long-,  the 
upper  ones  more  sessile.  Flowers  small,  indense  axdlary  clusters, 
mostly  females  in  our  specimens,  the  males  not  seen  perfect.  Bracts 
and  bracteoles  very  small  or  quite  obsolete.  Fruiting-  perianth  of  4, 
rarely  3  or  5,  oblong'  or  obIong'-IanceoIate  seg-ments  about  1  line  long-. 
Fruit  scarcely  half  so  long-,  slightly  tubercular,  rug-ose,  indehiscent,  and 
the  very  thin  pericarp  scarcely  separable  from  the  seed.     Styles  2  or  3. 

N,  S.  Wales.     Lower  Darling  river,  Herh.  F.  Mueller. 

10.  A.  enervis,  F.  Mwll.  A  small  annual,  branching-  at  the  base, 
with  d('(  unilKiit  or  erect  stems  not  exceeding-  0  in.  Leaves  linear- 
lanceohite,  oljtuse  or  acute,  contracted  at  the  base  but  scarcely  petiolate, 
rather  thick,  nerveless  or  the  midril)  scarcely  prominent,  ^  to"  i  in.  long-. 
Flowers  .-^nudl,  all  in  axillary  clusters,  but  crowded  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  stem  with  small  flural  leaves  fijrming-  a  terminal  leafy  spike,  chiefly 
iemales.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  rather  smaller  than  the  perianth.  Male 
flowers  few,  with  8  or  4  perianth-segments  and   stamens.     Fruiting- 


Amarantus.]  xcvii.  amarantace^.  217 

perianth  about  |  line  long-,  tlie  seg-ments  usually  4,  rather  broad  but 
unequal,  erect,  acute.     Fruit  about  as  long-  as  the  perianth,  tubercular- 
rug-ose,  the  pericarp  very  thin  and  scarcely  separable  from  the  seed. 
Styles  2  (or  3  ?). — Euxolus  oiervis,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  i.  140. 
Iff.  S.  ^Vales.     Murray  and  Darling  rivers,  Dallachy. 

4.  TRICHINIUM,  R.  Br. 

(Goniotriche,  Turcz.  ;  Hemisteirus  and  Arthrotriclnim,  F.  Muell) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  witli  a  short  turbinate  hard  tube, 
reduced  sometimes  to  a  slig-ht  expansion  of  the  peduncle ;  segments  5, 
all  ecpial  or  the  three  inner  ones  rather  smaller,  Hnear,  rigid,  usually  3- 
ribbed  at  the  base,  scarious  at  the  tips  or  also  along*  the  niargins  of  the 
upper  portion,  covered  outside  eitlier  entirely  or  rarely  along-  the 
centre  only  with  straig-ht  more  or  less  distinctly  articuhTte  (several- 
celled)  hairs  giving*  them  a  phimose  appearance,  the  short  tips  alone 
g-labrous.  Stamens  normally  o,  but  usually  1,  2,  or  3  of  them  small 
and  without  anthers,  or  entirely  abortive,  and  all  tlie  fihiments  unecjual, 
or  more  rarely  all  equal  and  antheriferous,  united  at  the  base  in  a  mem- 
branous  cup  adnate  to  tlie  perianth-tube  or  shortly  free  from  it,  without 
or  rarely  with  intervening-  scale-like  teeth  or  lobes,  which,  when  present, 
are  very  thin  and  transparent;  anthers  ^-celled.  Ovary  uniovulate. 
Style  simple,  rigid,  with  a  small  capitate  stig-rna.  Fruit  an  indehiscent 
utricle,  usually  obovoid  or  contracted  into  a  stipes  at  the  base  and 
obhciue  at  the  top,  with  the  persistent  style  more  or  less  excentrical. 
Seed  vertical. — Herbs  undershrubs  or  rarely  shrubs,  glabrous  or  hairy 
with  crisped  articulate  woolly  or  stellate  liairs.  Leaves  alternate, 
narrow  or  rarely  obovate.  Flowers  in  dense  g-lobular  ovoid  or  cyhndri- 
cal  spikes,  very  rarely  elong-ated  aud  interrupted.  Bracts  and  bracteoles 
scarious  and  shining",  nerveless  or  with  a  more  or  less  prominent  mid- 
rib  produced  into  a  fine  or  short  point.  Perianths  usually  pink  or 
straw-colour.  Stamens  and  ovary  often  enveloped  in  dense  wool  or 
long-  hairs  proceeding*  either  from  the  lower  part  or  chiws  of  tlie  inner 
perianth-seg-ments  or  from  the  outside  of  the  staminal  cups. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia,  for  the  opposite-leaved  T.  Zeyheri  from  S.  Africa, 
admitted  hy  Moquin,  must  be  referred  to  Sericocoma,  the  presence  or  absence  of  scales 
between  the  stamens  being  by  no  means  of  absohite  generic  importance. 

This  and  the  following  genus  have  been  united  by  Poiret  and  F.  Mueller  under  the 
name  of  Ptilotus,  by  Sprengel  under  that  of  Tricldnium,  and  they  might  perhaps  be 
really  better  considered  as  sections  of  one  genus  than  as  two  distinct  ones,  were  it  not 
for  the  useless  confusion  which  would  result  in  the  noraenclature  of  species.  At 
any  rate,  if  the  union  be  adopted  it  wonld  be  better  to  follow  Sprengel  in  pre!erring  the 
name  of  Tricldinum  for  the  united  genus,  as  being  that  wliich  lelongs  to  four-fitths  of 
the  species,  and  entaiis  therefore  the  least  change,  hesides  that  it  is  the  most  faniiliar 
of  the  two  from  the  number  of  species  that  have  been  cultivated  or  figured.  Neitiier 
name  has  the  right  of  priority,  both  being  of  the  same  date,  and  both  are  equally 
apposite  for  tlie  groups  they  designate,  and  equally  inappropriate  for  the  combined 
species,  for  Trichinium  means  "a  clothing  of  hairs,"  Ftihtus  "having  featherless 
wings.'' 

In  the  subdivision  of  the  genus  I  have  been  unable  to  establish  any  natural  well- 


218  xcvii.  amauantacEjE.  [Trichinhnn. 

characterized  sections.  Even  tlie  presence  of  the  teeth  or  lobes  of  the  staniinal  cup, 
Lonsiilered  by  Woqnin  as  at  least  a  g^tneric  if  iiot  a  tribual  character,  separates  species 
wliicii  in  other  respects  are  aliuost  identical.  The  groups  here  adoptcd  as  the  best 
wliich  have  hitlierto  been  suggested  are  fnunded  chiefly  upon  tiie  nature  and  position 
of  the  diflerent  kinds  of  hairs.  With  tiie  exception  of  tlie  short  steliate  toineiitum  of 
tlie  foiiage  in  the  first  series,  the  hairs  are  all  so-called  articulate,  tliat  is,  coiisisting  of 
several  celis,  sometiines  very  conspicuously  so,  v^itii  more  or  iess  piominent  denticula- 
tions  at  tiie  joints  or  alinost  plumose,  sometiines  very  fine  with  tlie  articulations  visible 
only  uiider  a  very  liigh  power.  Tliese  iiairs  are  sometimes  (always  so  on  the  baclcs  of 
the  laininfe  of  tlie  periaiith)  straiglit,  at  first  appressed  alterwards  spreading,  sometimes, 
on  the  baclvs  of  tlie  lower  part  of  tlie  periantli-segraents  or  inside  the  inner  ones,  long 
and  intricate  forming  masses  of  white  wool,  sometimes,  especially  on  the  branches, 
short  and  crispeil. 

Series  1.  Astrotricha. — J^oliar/e  lioary  or  v:Mte  udth  a  stellate  tomentum  {glabrous 
or  icith  crispcd  or  icoolly  or  sillcy  liairs  in  all  tlie  other  series). 
Spilces  dense,  globular  ovoid  or  shortly  cylindrical,  not  exceeding 
1  in. 
Spilces  ^  to  1  in.   diameter.     Laminaj  of  periantli-segments 
linear. 
Leaves  mostly  broad,  rather  thick  and  densely  tonientose. 
Spikes  globular  or  at  length  ovoid.     Bracts  glabrous  or 

nearly  so \.   T.ohovatum. 

Leaves  mostly  narrow,  thick  and  densely  tomentose.    Spikes 

ovoid,  at  length  cylindrical.     Bracts  woolly 2.   T.  incamtm. 

Leaves  mostly  narrow,  rather  thin,  less  densely  tomentose. 
Spikes  ovoid,  at  length  cylindrical.     Bracts  glabrous  or 

slightly  woolly 3.    T.  parviflorum. 

Spikes  not  above  ^  in.  diameter.     Laminse  of  perianth-seg- 

ments  almost  ovate 4.  T.  astrolasium. 

Spikes  cylindrical,  above  2  in.  long  aud  l^  in.  diameter.  Leaves 

orbicular,  very  densely  woolly 5.   T.  rotundifolium. 

Spikes  elongated  with  distant  flowers.  Leaves  oblong  or  lanceo- 

liite,  the  steilate  hairs  short  and  scattered Q.   T.  dissitiflorum. 

(Tlie  foliage  is  also  very  densely  silky-woolly  in  46,  T.  helichrysoides,  but  the  hairs 
not  stellate.) 

Series  2.  Straminea. — Sjjihes  cylindrical  or  elongated  or  rarely  glohidar,  1  to  2 
in.  diameter.     Floicers  more  or  less  yelloio  or  greenish,  not  red.     Inner  segments  icith- 
out  internal  dense  tcool,  but  the  stamens  usually  surrounded  by  afeic  long  hairs. 
Spikes  elongated  witli  distant  flowers.     Leaves  filiform     .     .     .     7.   T.  diatans. 
Spikes  dense,  at  length  long  and  cyiindricnl. 
Leaves  linear.     Bracts  wholly  trans[)areiit.     Bracteoles  broad 

without  prominent  midribs.     Perianth  under  |  in.     .     .     .     8.  T.ahpecuroideum. 
Leaves    obovate    or   obiong.     Bracts    opaque    in   the   centre. 
Biacteoles  oblong  or  lanceolate  witli  prominent  keels. 

Perianth  above  f  in.  long 9.    T.nobile. 

Perianth  not  exceediiig  4  in 10.    T.  polystachyum. 

Spikes    ovoid    or    shortly  cylindrical,    2    in.   diaraeter.     Bracts 

tiansparent.     Leaves  liiiear 11.  T.macrocephalum. 

Spikef  globular  or  rarely  ovoid.  Perianth-segmcnts  rather  broad, 

the  dorsal  hairs  very  short 12.   T".  corymbosum. 

Sehies  3.  Rhodostachya. — Spil;es  globuJar  ovoid  or  rarely  cylindrical,  1  to  2  in. 
diameter,  terminating  siinple  or  rarely  branched  stems.     Terianth  slraight,pink  or  red 
[white  in  T.  e.squamatum),  tlie  inner  segments  woolly  inside  towards  the  base. 
Spikes  14  to  2  in.  diameter. 

Perianth-segments  very  rigid  with  short  narrow  tips.     Stems 
erect.     Spikes  about  I4  in.  diameter. 
Spikes  at  leiigth  eloiigated  and  cyliudiical 13.   T.  exaltatum. 


Trichininm.]  xcvil.   amarantaceje.  ~19 

Spikes  globular  or  shorter  than  broad \\.   T.  semilanatum. 

Periaiith-segments  with  conspicunus  coloured  obtuse  glabrous 
tips.     Spikes  about  2  in.  dianieter. 
Stems  short,  decumbent.     Radical  leaves  spathuhxte,  the 

others  linear 15.   T.  Maiiglesii. 

Stcms  short  erect.     Leaves  spathulate,  ail  crowdcd  at  the 

base  of  tlie  stem 16.   T.  Beclierianum. 

Spikes  about  1  in.  diameter.     Stems  erect,  simple,  with  small 
narrow  leaves. 
Kadical  leaves   oblong-spathulate.      Bracts  ovate-lanceohite, 

brown.     Perianth  pale  pink 17.   T.  gomphrenoides. 

Leaves  all  sniall.     Bracts    broad,   transparent,  pale-coloured. 

(Perianth  white  ?) 18.   T.  esquamatum. 

Series  4.  Incurva. — Spikes  globular,  f  to  I4  in.  diameter,  terminating  simple 
stems.  Perianths  ciirved  upwards  {straight  or  curved  dowmcards  in  all  other  series), 
the  inner  segments  woollg  inside  at  the  base.     Lcaves  linear. 

Spikes  sesfiile  within  the  last  leaves 19.   T.  declinatum. 

Upper  leaves  distant,  usuallj  reduced  to  scarious  scales     .     .     .  20.   T.  eruhescens. 

Series  5.  Polycephala. — Stems  mostJy  hranched  or  rarely  some  of  them  long  de- 
cumbent  and  simple,  glahrous  or  icith  crisped  woolly  hairs.  Spikes  mostly  glohular, 
I  to  1  in.  diameter. 

Inner  perianth-segments  very  woolly  inside  towards  the  base 
(less  so  in  T.  helipteroides).     Bracts  rather  loose. 
Shrubby    with    divaricate    branches.     Leaves    linear,    rigid. 

Spikes  about  1  in.  diameter 21.   T.  divaricatum. 

Herbaceous     with     decumbent,    ascending    or  erect    stems. 
Spikes  about  |  in.  diameter. 
Leaves  narrow.     Stems  more  or  less  silky  or  woolly. 

Bracts  and  bracteoles  very  thin,  nearly  as  long  as  the 

perianth 22.   T.  helipteroides. 

Bracts  and  bracteoles  rather  rigid,  not  half  as  long  as  the 

pcrianth 23.   T.  Stirlingii. 

Leaves  broad.     Stems  glabrous  or  nearly  so  except  the 
young  shoots. 
Stamens  2,  long,  dilated  and  connate  at  the  base  on  one 

side  of  the  ovary 24.   T.  laxum. 

Stamens  3  or  4  perfect,  the  filaments  all  dilated  at  the 

base  forming  a  complete  ring  or  cup 25.   T.  axillare. 

Inner  perianth-seguients   nearly  glabrous  inside,  the  wool  pro- 
ceeding  chieily  from  the  staminal  cup.     Bracteoles  closely 
embracing  the  perianth. 
Undershrub  with  divaricate  branches.     Leaves  few,  narrow 

and  small.     Panicle  divaricate 26.   T  striatum. 

Herb  with  large  obovate  or   oblong   leaves  chiedy  radical. 

Stem  simple  at  the  base  with  a  compact  panicle    .     .     .     .  21 .   T.  auriculifolium. 
Inner  perianth-segments  nearly  glabrous  iuside.     Staminal  cup 
surrounded  by  long  straight  hairs. 
Leaves  obovate  oblong  or  lanceolate,  usually  glabrous.     Pe- 
rianth  straight.     Stamens  3   or  4  pertect,  connate  at  the 

base,  in  a  complete  cup  or  ring 28.   T.sericostachyum. 

Leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  loosely  villous  underneath.     Pe- 
rianth    recurved.     Stamens    2,  the  filaments    dilated    and 

connate  on  one  side  of  the  ovary 29.    T  roseum. 

Leaves  liiiear-filifbrm.     Perianth  straight.     Stamens  3  or  4 
perfect,   the  filaments  forming  at  the   base  a   complete 
cup  or  ring. 
Perennial  with  a  thick  rootstock.     Spikes  about  1  in.  dia- 

meter 30.   T.fusiforme. 

Annual,     Spikes  about  ^  in.  diameter 31.   T.  gracile. 


220  xcvil.  AMARANTACEiE.  [Trlchudum. 

Sekies  G.  Squamigera. — Sjnkes  globular  or  cylindrical,  \  to  l  in.  diameter.  Sta- 
minal  cup  with  tran.fpareiit  scalelike  teeth  orlobes  between  the  JUaments  {wanting  in  all 
the  other  series).     Leaves  aarrow. 

Perenniiil  witli  simple  stems  of  1  ft.  or  morc.     Spikes  globnlar, 

about  I  fo  1  in.  diameter 32.    T.  Drummondii. 

Annual  with  slender  brancliing  stems  of  1  ft.  or  more.      Spikes 

cyiindrical,  about  4  in.  diameter 33.   T.  calosfachyum. 

Perennial  with  a  branching  stock  and  slender  stems  of  about  6 

in.     Spikes  globular,  under  4  in.  diameter 34.   T.  Fraseri. 

Series  7.  Spathulata. — Ferennials  ivith  short  dccumhent  stems  leafy  to  the  spike. 
Spikes  sessile.  witliin  the  last  leaves,  globular  ovoid  or  cylindrical,  %  in.  diameter  or 
more.     Leaves  mostly  sjxitlitdate. 

Spikes  ovoid,  at  length  cylindrical,  the  hairs  round  the  base  of 
the  perianth  shorter  than  the  segments. 
Bracteoles  acute,  half  concealed  bj  the  very  plumose  perianths. 

Perianth-tube  4  to  |  line  long 35.   T.  spathulatum, 

Bracieoles  broad,  obtuse,  conspicuous.    Perianth-segments  free 

to  the  base 36.   T.  piyramidatum. 

Spikes  globular,  at  length  ovoid,  the  bracteoles  and  the  hairs 

surrounding  the  perianths  nearly  as  long  as  the  segments  .     .  37.    T.  holosericeum. 

Sekies  8.  Parviflora. — Spikes  globular,  ovoid  or  cylindrical,  5  to  4  iu.  diameter. 

Stems  erect,  branching,   glabrous  or    slightly  hairy.     Annual. 
Leaves    linear.      Spikes  conical  or  cylindiicai,    2    or    3    to- 

gether,  sessile  on  a  terniinal  pechincle 38.    T.  Cunninghamii. 

Leaves  linear.     Spikes    globular  or  ovoid,  solitary  on  a  ter- 

minal  peduncle.     Perianth  hairs  short 39.   T.  leucocoma. 

Prostrate     woolly-hairy     annual.     Leaves    lanceolate.      Spikes 

solitary,  ovate-conicah     Perianth  very  wooily 40.    T.  villosum. 

Perennials.     Branches  wooUy  or  villous,  at   least  when  young. 
Spikes  numerous,  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate. 
Perianth  surrounded   by  long  wool  concealing  the  bracts  and 

segments.     Spikes  cylindrical 41.    71  brachyanthum . 

Bracts  and  bracteoles  nearly  as  long  as  the  perianth  and  very 
conspiciious. 
Branches  and  foliage  villous.     Spikes  narrow-cylindrlcal     .42.   T.  arthrolasium. 
Young   shodts    w^oolly.     Leaves    glabrous,    broad.     Spikes 

ovoid.     Perianth-segments  glabrous  inside 43.    T.  cervoides. 

Branches  closely  woolly.     Leaves    liroad,  obtuse.     Spikes 

ovoid.     Inner  perianth-segmeiits  •woolly  inside  .     .     .     .  44.    J".  Roei. 
Glabrous  undershrub,  with  a  densely  tiifted  leaf-stock.     Leaves 

small,  nearly  terete.     Spike  very  short.     Bracts  conspicuous  45.    T.  ca;spitulosum. 

Serie.s  9.  Helichrysoidea. — LjOw  densely  tufted  thick  perennial,  closehj  covered 
tvith  thick  silky-woolly  leaves.     Spikes  nearly  glohular,  sessile,  |  in.  diameter. 

Single  species 46.   T.  helichrysoides. 

Species  insufficiently  known. 
Stem  slender,  branching.     T>eaves  ovate,    about    1    line   long. 

(Spikesglobular?) 47.    T.  parvifolium. 

Series.  1  AsTROTRicHA. — Foliag-e  hoary  or  wliite  witli  a  stellate 
tomentum,  sometimes  dense  soft  and  wooll}-,  sometimes  sliort  and  scat- 
tered.     Ereet  brancliiny  perennials  underslirnbs  or  shrubs. 

1.  T.  obovatum,  Gandich.  in  Freyc.  Yoy.  Bot.  445,  t.  49.  An  erect 
undershrub,  from  under  1  ft.  to  3  or  even  4   ft.   high,   paniculately 


Trichinium.]  XCVII.    AMARANTACEiE,  221 

branclied  sometimes  from  tlie  base  sometimes  at  the  top  only,  clotlied 
with  a  soft  dense  stellate  tomentum,  intermixed  occasionally  with  long-er 
denticuhite  hairs  but  with  fewer  of  the  hatter  than  in  T.  incunum.  Leaves 
obovate  or  oblono-,  very  obtuse  or  rarely  mucronate-acute,  contracted 
into  a  petiole  rather  long*  in  the  lower  leaves,  short  in  the  upper  ones, 
the  hirg-er  ones  attaining-  2  in.  but  mostly  under  1  in.  long-.  Spikes 
nearly  g-Iobular  or  scarcely  ovoid,  |  to  |  in.  diameter,  sessile  or  shortly 
pedunculate,  in  terminal  corymbose  panicles,  which  are  sometimes  com- 
pact  and  leailess,  sometimes  more  spreading-  and  leafy  at  the  base. 
Bracts  and  bracteoles  usually  rather  brown,  obtuse  or  shortly  miicro- 
nate-acute,  g-hibrous  or  nearly  so,  under  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  3  to 
4  lines  long-  in  the  typical  form,  the  tube  about  \  line,  seg'ments  rig-id, 
phimose  with  long-  white  hairs,  the  g-hibrous  tips  short  obtuse  and  den- 
ticulate  in  the  outer  seg-ments,  the  inner  ones  shorter  and  more  acute, 
glabrous  inside.  Stamens  unequal,  3  or  4  perfect,  filaments  dilated 
downwards,  scarcely  united  above  the  perianth-tube,  surrounded  by  a 
ring"  of  long-  articulate  hairs.  Ovary  usually  hairy  on  the  top.  Style 
excentricah — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  286;  Ptilotns  obovatus,F. 
MuelL  Frag-m.  vi.  228 ;  T.  incamim,  Moq.  Lc.  285  not  of  R.  Br.  ;  T. 
sessilijolium,  LindL  in  Mitch.  Three  Exped.  ii.  13 ;  Moq.  Lc.  284 ;  T. 
lanatum,  LindL  in  Mitch.  Three  Exped.  ii.  123 ;  Moq.  Lc.  285 ;  Ptilotus 
Lindleyi,  F.  MiielL  Frag'm.  vi.  233  (from  the  synonym)  ;  T.  atriplicifolium, 
A.  Cunn.  in  Moq.  Lc.  286,  F.  MuelL  PL  Vict.  t.  78  (the  plate  not  yet 
received) ;  T.  variahile,  F.  MuelL  in  Liuntea  xxv.  436 ;  Gomotriche 
tomentosa,  Turcz.  in  BulL  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Mosq.  1849,  3?  (corrected  to 
Goniotriche,  Lc.  1852,  ii.  181). 

N.  Australia.    N.  W.  coast,  Bynoe  ;  in  the  interior,  3PDouaU  StuarVs  Expeditioiu 

Queensland.     Narran  river,  Mitchell. 

VI.  S.  'Wales.  Bogan  and  Miirray  rivers,  Mitchell ;  Mount  Caley,  Mount  Flinders 
&c.,  A.  Cunningham  ;  Murray  and  Darling  rivers  to  the  Barrier  Range,  Victorian  and 
olher  Expeditions. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.  Flimlers'  Range,  F.  AfueUer,  HowltVs  E.rpedition ;  Spencer's 
Gulf  and  Mount  Searle,   Warburton  ;  Lake  Gillie.s,  Burkitt. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  74,  23:'i ;  throngliout  (he  interior,  Harper  ;  Mur- 
chison  river,  Oldfield ;  Sharks  Bay,  A.  Cunningham,  M.  Brown. 

Var.  grandiflorum .  Perianth  ^  in.  long,  the  hairs  surrounding  the  stamens  more 
wooUy  and  more  attached  to  the  inner  perianth-segraents. — Harrington  plains,  Fraser, 
A.  Cunningham ;  Muriay  Desert,  F.  Mueller,  Victorian  Expedition,  &c.  ;  Cudnaka, 
F.  Mueller  ;  Gawler  Ranges,  Sullivan.  Both  varieties  included  by  Moquin  under 
T.  atriplicifolium. 

2.  T.  incanum,  R.  Br.  Prod.  415,  not  of  3foq.  Stems  erector  ascend- 
ing-,  divaricately  branched,  hard  and  almost  woody  at  the  base,  6  in.  to 
above  1  ft.  high,  the  whole  plant  densely  and  softly  tomentose  or  woolly 
with  stellate  and  plumose  hairs.  Leaves  from  broadly  elliptical  to  nar- 
row  oblong',  obtuse  or  mucronate,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  thick 
and  soft,  the  larg-er  ones  on  the  main  stem  sometimes  above  2  in.,  those 
of  the  side  branches  under  1  in.  long-.  Spikes  ovoid  or  at  length  cyhn- 
drical,  J  to  1  in.  long-  and  scarcely  h  in.  diameter,  sessile  or  nearlv  so, 
forming"  an  irregidar  leafv  panicle,  with  some  lateral  spikes  much  lower 


222  xcvii.  AMARANTACE^.  [Trichinium. 

down.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  very  thin  and  transparent,  1  to  l^  lines 
lon"-,  tlie  bracts  very  woolly  outside.  Perianth  scarcely  above  8  lines 
lonfi-,  tlie  tube  about  \  line  long-,  hirsute  with  short  hairs,  the  seg-ments 
ri<>-itl,  phunose  with  long-  white  dorsal  hairs,  the  g-labrous  tips  obtuse 
and  sUg-htly  denticuUite  in  the  outer  ones,  sliorter  and  acute  in  the  inner 
ones,  all  g-labrous  inside  except  that  the  long-  hairs  which,  as  in  T.  obo- 
vatum,  surround  the  stamens  are  rather  more  on  the  base  of  the  inner 
seg"ments  than  in  that  species.  Stamens  3  or  4  perfect,  fih^ments 
unequal,  dilated  at  the  base  but  scarcely  united  above  the  perianth-tube. 
Ovary  g'hdjrous  ;  style  excentricaL — Ftilotus  i/icanus,  Poir.  Dict.  Suppl. 
iv.  620 ;  F.  MuelL  Frag-m.  vi.  228 ;  T.  gnaphalodes,  A.  Cunn.  ;  Moq.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  285. 

N.  Australia.  N.  W.  coast?  Baudins  Expedition ;  Dampier's  Archipelago,  .4. 
Cunniiiffham ;  Nichol  Bay,  i^.  Gregorif  s  Expedition ;  Sturt's  Creek, /^.  3/«eZZer. 

It  is  cvidont  from  Moqiun'8  character  as  well  as  from  Cunningham'8  specimens 
named  hy  him,  that  his  T.  incanum  is  a  form  or  state  of  T.  ohovatum.  It  is  true 
that  by  a  note  of  exclamation  he  indicates  having  seen  an  authentic  specimen  of 
Brown's,  but  tliat  must  be  a  mistake  ;  Brown  never  gathered  either  species  himself,  but 
described  T.  incanvm  from  speciniens  of  Baudin's,  corresponding  with  those  descrihed 
by  Moquin  under  the  name  of  T.  gnaplialodes. 

3.  T.  parviflonun,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Three  Exped.  ii.  13.  A  perennial 
or  undershrub  with  a  thick  woody  stock  and  erect  branching-  stems, 
hoary  as  well  as  the  fohag-e  with  a  stellate  tomentum,  closely  alhed  to 
T.  dbovatum  and  T.  incanum.  Low^er  leaves  sometimes  obovate,  but  mostly 
lanceolate  or  almost  linear,  obtuse,  thinner  than  in  those  two  species, 
the  stellate  tomentum  disappearing-  with  ag'e  on  the  upper  surface,  and 
not  very  dense  on  the  lower.  Spikes  at  iirst  short,  but  leng-thening-  out 
to  about  1  in.,  and  about  J  in.  diameter,  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate 
in  a  loose  divaricate  panicle.  Bracts  and  llowers  of  T.  incaninn,  but 
much  less  woolly. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  284 ;  T.  virgatum,  A. 
Cunn. ;  Moq.  Lc.  286. 

Queensland.  Flinders'  river,  Bowman ;  Curriwiilighie,  Dalton ;  Armadilla, 
Barton. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Inundatcd  plains,  Lachlan  river,  Mitchell,  A    Cunningham. 

4.  T.  astrolasium,  F.  Muell.  A  perennial  or  undershrub  with  a 
thick  rhizome  and  several  erect  stems  of  1  ft.  or  more,  paniculately 
branched  in  the  upper  part  and  steHately  tomentose  as  well  as  the  foliag"e. 
Leaves  obovate  or  oblong-,  smaller  than  in  T.  obovatum.  Spikes  sessile 
or  very  shortly  pedunculate,  g-lobuhir  or  at  leng-th  ovoid,  3  to  4  lines 
diameter,  forming-  a  terminal  corymbose  lealv'  panicle.  Bracts  and 
bracteoles  ovate,  acute,  scarious,  about  1  line  long-,  the  bracts  loosely 
tomentose  outside.  Periantli  about  1-|  lines  long-,  the  seg"men.ts  free 
from  the  base,  the  lower  portion  rigid  with  the  dorsal  hairs  very  dense 
white  and  strait^ht,  the  scarious  himina  broad,  ahnost  ovate,  more  spar- 
inf^ly  hairy  on  the  back.  Staminal  cup  truncate,  surrounded  by  long- 
intricate  woolly  hairs  ;  filaments  scarcely  dilated  at  the  base. — Ftilotus 
astrolusius,  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  vi.  233. 

N.  Australia.     Sturfs  Creek,  F.  MueUer ;  N.  W.  coast,  Huglian. 


Trichinium.]  xcvii.  AMARANTACEiE.  223 

5.  T.  rotundifolium,  F.  Mucll.  Fragm,.  iii.  122.  An  erect  shrub  of 
2  or  3  ft.,  tlie  branclies  and  foliag-e  covered  with  a  steKate  tomentum 
very  soft  and  denso,  ahnost  woollv.  Leaves  on  short  petioles,  nearly 
orbicular,  very  obtuse,  soft  and  thick,  aboutl  to  1|  in.  diameter.  Spikes 
at  iirst  conical,  becoming-  cylindrical,  2  or  3  in.  long-,  and  at  least  \\  in. 
diameter.  Bracts  broad,  acute  and  mucronate,  scarious  with  dark  tips, 
woolly  outside,  shorter  than  the  bracteoles.  Bracteoles  at  least  4  lines 
lon^,  very  broad  and  tlun,  shortly  mucronate,  g-labrous  or  with  very 
few  woolly  hairs  at  the  base.  Perianth  nearly  f  in.  long',  the  dorsal 
hairs  long'  fine  and  almost  silky,  the  tube  about  |  line  long",  the  seg*- 
ments  narrow,  scarious,  obtuse,  the  tips  not  at  all  or  very  shortly  g-la- 
brous  outside ;  the  three  inner  ones  rather  shorter  and  very  densely 
woolly  inside  near  the  base.  Stamens  all  antlieriferous  and  equal  or 
nearly  so. — Ptilotus  rotundijhlius,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  230. 

N.  Australia.     Near  Hammersley  range,  N.  W.  coast,  F.  Grefjorys  Expeditlon. 

6.  T.  dissitiflorum,  F.  Mudl.  Fra/jm.  iv.  89.  Erect  and  branching-, 
hard  and  ahnost  woody  at  the  base,  the  branches  and  foHag-e  more  or 
less  hoary  with  a  minute  stellate  tomentum,  the  older  foliag'e  bhick 
when  dry.  Leaves  oval  oblong*  or  shortly  hinceolate,  obtuse  or  acute, 
rather  thick,  |  to  f  in.  long-  or  the  upper  ones  smaller,  contracted  into 
a  short  petiole.  Sjiikes  interrupted,  close  above  the  last  leaves,  1  to  3 
in.  long-,  the  ilowers  more  or  less  distant.  Bracts  ovate  or  lanceolate, 
acute,  about  2  lines  long-,  the  upper  ones  brown  and  scarioiis,  the  lower 
ones  thicker  and  tomentose;  bracteoles  rather  broader  and  more  scarious. 
Perianth  6  to  7  lines  long-,  the  tube  nearly  1  line  long-  and  hirsute  with 
short  white  hairs,  the  seg'ments  narrow,  rig-id,  plumose  outside,  the 
g-labrous  tips  not  1  line  long-,  the  three  inner  ones  rather  smaller  and 
woolly  inside  towards  the  base.  Staminal  cup  very  woolly-hairy  out- 
side,  with  a  few  hairs  also  on  the  filaments.  Ovary  g-la"brous ;  stvle 
excentrical. 

N.  Australia.     Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  F,  Blueller. 

Series  2.  Straminea. — Spikes  cylindrical  elong-ated  or  rarely 
g-lobular,  1  to  2  in.  diameter.  Plowers  more  or  less  3'ellow  (usually  a 
pale  g-reenish  yellow  or  straw  colour),  not  red.  Inner  seg-ments  without 
the  dense  internal  wool  of  the  Rhodostuchija,  but  the  stamens  usually 
surrounded  by  a  few  long  hairs. 

7.  T.  distans,  JR.  Br,  Prod.  415.  A  perennial  with  a  hard  stock  at 
leng-th  woody,  and  erect  virg-ate  slender  simple  or  branched  stems  of 
1  to  2  ft.,  g'labrousas  well  as  thefolia^e.  Leaves  narrow-linear,  almost 
filiform,  the  lower  ones  sometimes  2  in.  long-,  the  others  much  smaller 
and  distant.  Spikes  terminal,  slender  and  interrupted,  3  or  4  in.  long-, 
the  flowers  all  distant,  or  iu  luxuriant  specimens  twice  as  long-  with  the 
upper  flowers  more  crowded.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  narrow-ovate  or 
oblong',  scarious  and  shining-,  2  to  3  lines  long-,  all  similar  or  the  brac- 
teoles  smaller  narrower  and  more  acute.     Perianth  about  ^  in.  long-,  the 


224  xcvii.  AMARANTACEiE.  [Trichiiiium. 

tube  about  |  line,  the  seg-ments  narrow,  rig-id,  plumose  on  the  back 
Avith  sniall  narrow  glabrous  tips,  all  g-labrous  inside.  Staminal  cup 
shortlv  free,  with  copious  articuhite  hairs  outside  more  or  less  continued 
on  tlie  fihiments.  Ovary  hirsute  on  the  to}). — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii. 
ii.  297;  Ftilotus  dintans,' Poir.  Dict.  Suppl.  iv.  620 ;  F.  Muell.  Frag-m. 
vi.  228. 

N.  Australia.  Arnhem  S.  Bay,  Ji.  Brown;  Victoria  river,  Macadam  and  Sea 
Eancres,  F.  Mudler ;  S.  Goulburn  Island,  A.  Cunningham 

Queensland,  A.  Cunningliam ;  Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy ;  Cape  river,  Bowman. 

8.  T.  alopecuroideum,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Thrce  Expcd.  ii.  13,  hut  not 
of  Bot.  Bcf/. — A  perennial  with  ascending'  or  erect  slightly-branched 
stems  of  1  to  3  ft.,  the  young*  shoots  and  foliage  often  sprinkled  with 
short  crisped  hairs,  becoming-  at  length  g-labrous.  Leaves  linear  or 
hxnceolate,  acute,  the  lower  ones  often  several  in.  long-  and  contracted 
into  a  long"  petiole,  the  upper  ones  few  small  and  more  sessile.  Spikes  on 
long"  terminal  peduncles,  becoming*  very  soon  cylindrical,  attaining-  some- 
times  6  in.  or  more  and  from  a  little  more  than  1  in.  to  above  1|  in. 
diameter.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  broadly  ovate  or  orbicular,  obtuse  or 
with  a  small  point,  whoUy  scarious  and  shining-,  with  the  central  nerve 
scarcely  conspicuous,  IJ  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  pale  yellow  or  straw 
colour,  the  tube  exceeding-ly  short,  the  seg-ments  ^  ^o  |  in.  long;,  nar- 
row,  obtuse,  but  appearing"  acute  from  the  involution  of  the  margins  at 
the  tip,  the  dorsal  hairs  not  so  copious  as  in  some  species  and  all  gla- 
brous  inside.  Staminal  cup  shortly  prominent,  surrounded  by  long' 
straig-ht  hairs  sometimes  very  few  sometimes  copious  ;  stamens  very 
unequal,  one  or  two  of  the  filaments  usually  short  and  without  anthers. 
Ovary  giabrous. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  290  ;  Ptilotus  alopccuroideus, 
F.  MueU.  Frag-m.  vi.  22? ;  T.  fjiganteum,  A.  Cunn. ;  Moq.  l.c.  296  ;  T. 
pallidum,  Moq.  l.c.  295  (very  tall  and  stout  specimens) ;  T.  Prcis.m, 
Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  629  ;  ^loq.  Lc.  295  ;  T.  candicans,  Nees  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  629 ;  Moq.  l.c.  296  (with  rather  broader  leaves  and  the  stems 
somewhat  procumbent  at  the  base). 

N.  Australia.  Water  island,  Montague  Sound,  JL.  Cunningham;  Usborne's  Har- 
bour,  Beagle  Voyage ;  Glenelg  district,  Martin  (with  a  very  kmg  drawn  out  spike). 

Queensland.     Arma,^\\\\a.,  Barton ;  Curriwillighie,  Dalton. 

N.  S. 'NVales.  Lachlan  ywct,  Mitchll ;  Lowcr  Darling  river,  Mrs.  Ford ;  be- 
tween  tlie  Darling  and  the  Barrier  Kange,  Victorian  Expedition ;  New  England, 
C.  Stitart. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  E.  Mueller,  Dallachy. 

S.  Australia.  Murray  river  to  St.  Vincenfs  Gulf,  F.  Mueller  and  others ;  Lake 
Gairdncr,  Bahhage ;  Cooper's  Creek,  HowitVs  E.rpedition,  Neilson. 

"W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drummond,  n.  434,  Preiss,  n.  1370,  1371  ; 
Murchison  river,  Oldfield,  Drummond,  6th  coll  n.  221. 

T.  conicum,  Lindi.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  363  ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  462,  not 
of  Spreng.  is  the  T.  alopecuroideum  in  a  young  slate  just  coniing  into  flower. 

9.  T.  nobile,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Thrce  Expcd.  ii.  22.  A  stout  erect, 
g-labrous  j^erennial,  the  stems  simple  or  sliglitly-branched  upwards,  1  to 
3ft.  hig-h.  Leaves  from  broadly  obovate  to  oblong,  rarely  hmceolate,  the 
lower  ones  chiefly  radical  on  long-  petioles,  obtuse  or  ^mucronate,  the 


Trichinium.]  xcvii.  amarantace^.  225 

upper  ones  narrower  and  more  sessile.  Spikes  terminal,  oblong',  attaining' 
3  to  6  in.  in  leng-tli  and  nearly  2  in.  diameter,  the  rhachis  very  densely 
hairy.  Bracts  J3  to  5  lines  long-,  ovate  or  oblong-,  the  midrib  prominent 
and  projecting-  into  a  point,  scarious  but  with  a  dark  centre  especially 
towards  the  tip ;  bracteoles  simihir  but  rather  smaller  and  often  with  a 
few  dorsal  hairs.  Perianth  usually  about  1  in.  long-,  of  a  greenish 
yellow,  the  tube  1  to  1-|  lines  long-  and  densely  hirsute  with  short  hairs, 
the  seg-ments  narrow,  copiously  plumose  with  dorsal  hairs,  the  g-labrous 
tips  short,  obtuse  in  the  outer  seg-ments  more  acute  in  the  inner,  all 
without  any  wool  inside  but  a  few  long*  straight  hairs  round  the  base 
of  the  stamens,  which  are  not  uuited  above  the  perianth-tube,  the  fila- 
ments  verv  unequal,  and  1  or  2  without  anthers.  Ovary  glabrous. — 
Moq.  in  I)C.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  286 ;   T.  de/isum,  A.  Cunn. ;   Moq.  l.c.  289. 

N.  S.  Wales.  LachlAn  nver,  Mitchell;  Sirangtord  Flams,  A.  Cunniiigham ;  from 
the  Lachlan,  Murray,  and  Darling  rivers  to  the  Barrier  Rauge,  Victorian  and  other 
E.cjnditions. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.  Murrav  desert,  St.  Vinceut's  Gulf,  Flinders'  Eange,  Cudnaka,  JF. 
Muelltr  ;  near  Adelaide,  Whittaker. 

F.  Miieller  inchides  also  under  Ftilotus  nobilis  (Fragm.  vi.  227)  the  T.  exaltatum  and 
T.  semilanatum,  wliich  have  siiuilar  bracts  but  usually  smalier  flowers,  red  not  yellow, 
and  with  copious  wool  inside  the  lower  part  of  the  inner  segments. 

10  ?  T.  polystachyiun,  Gaudich.  in  Freyc.  Voy.  Bot.  445.  Stem 
herbaceous,  erect,  paniculately  branched.  Leaves  lanceolate,  obtuse  or 
shortly  mucronate,  contracted  at  the  base,  green  and  pubescent,  1|  to  2 
in.  long-.  Spikes  several,  distant,  ovate-oblong*  and  |  to  1  in.  long 
(Moqnin),  cylindrical  {Gaudichaud),  about  |  in.  diameter.  Bracts  ^  the 
leng-th  of  the  perianth,  ovate-hinceohite,  acuminate  ;  bracteoles  rather 
long-er,  elliptical,  obtuse,  all  1-nerved,  glabrous,  pale  brown.  Perianth 
5  hnes  long-,  yellowish  (Moquin),  the  seg'ments  linear-spathulate  with 
g-labrous  tips  and  short  rigid  white  dorsal  hairs,  the  outer  ones  2-toothed 
at  the  end,  the  inner  ones  somewhat  acute.  Filaments  filiform. — Moq. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  283. 

^V.  Australia.     Shaiks  Bay,  Gaudichaud. 

1  have  no  specimens  answering  to  the  above  character.  Ptilotus  polystachi/us,  F. 
Muell.  Fragm.  vi  230,  to  which  he  refers  Gaudichaud's  plant,  includes  T.  /Stirlingii, 
T.  roseum,  and  T.  la.xum,  all  of  which  have  plobular  spil^es  and  piiik  flowers.  Gaudi- 
chaud's  character  coraes  nearest  to  that  of  T.  noblle,  but  wiih  niuch  smaller  flowers. 
Neither  he  nor  Moquin  describe  the  wool  or  hairs,  if  any,  surrounding  the  stamens. 

11.  T.  macrocephalum,  F.  Br.  Prod.  415,  not  of  others.  Stems 
from  a  hard  perennial  base  erect  or  ascending-,  simple,  stout  and  rigid, 
1  to  2  ft.  high,  usually  glabrous  as  w^ell  as  the  foliag'e.  Leaves  few  at 
the  base  of  the  stem,  linear  or  narrow-lanceolate,  acute  or  rarely  obtuse, 
contracted  into  a  long*  petiole,  2  to  4  in,  long,  the  upper  ones  smaller 
few  and  distant.  Spikes  sohtary,  at  first  ovoid,  at  leng-th  cylindrical, 
attaining-  4  or  5  in.  in  length  and  at  least  2  in.  diameter.  Bracts 
scarious  and  very  shining-,  obtuse  or  mucronate,  without  prominent 
midribs  or  dark  colour,  about  ^  in.  long  and  the  bracteoles  nearly  as 

VOL.  V.  Q 


226  xcvii.  AMARANTACE^.  [Trichinium 

larg-e.  Pcriantli  yellow,  f  to  above  1  in.  long,  the  tube  very  short,  the 
se"TOents  nairow,  rigid,  densely  plumose  outside,  with  short  g'hi]n-ous 
tips,  all  nearly  equal  without  any  internal  wool,  althoug-h  a  few  of  the 
margiual  hairs  at  the  base  of  the"^inner  ones  may  be  turned  inside  round 
tlie  staraens.  Filaments  very  unequal,  fihform,  scarcely  dilated  at  the 
base,  very  shortly  united  aboVe  the  perianth-tube,  and  surrounded  by  a 
few  long-^^hairs,  the  shorter  filaments  usually  without  any  anthers.  Ovary 
glabrous,  but  a  few  hairs  often  on  the  style. — Ptilotns  mucrocephulns,  Poir. 
Dict.  Suppl.  iv.  620 ;  T.  angnstifolium,  and  T.  jMchoccphuhivi,  Moq.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  293,  294;  Ptilotus  pachocephalus,  F.  Muell.  Fragm. 
vi.  228;  T.Jusiforme,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  383,  aud  A.  Cunn. 
Herb.,  not  of  K.  Br. 

Queenslaud.  In  the  interior,  Milchell;  Newcastle  Eange,  "nurnetl  and  Dawson 
rivers,  F.  JSiudler;  Bowen  river,  Bowman  ;  Kcnnedy  district,  Daintree. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Liveipool  Plains,  A.  Cunningham,  Leichhardt  (with  rather  smaller 
flowers) ;  New  England,  C.  Stuart ;  Darling  river,  Keilson. 

Victoria.  "Keceived  bv  Sir  J.  Banks,  probably  from  Port  Phillip,"  B.  Brown  ; 
Port  Phillip,  Gunn ;  Glenelg  nver,  Rohertson,  Allitt ;  Bacchus  Marsh,  Wimmera, 
Station  peak,  F.  Muelkr ;  Suipton,  Wliaa. 

12.  T.  corymbosum,  Gaudich.  in  Frcyc.  Voy.  Bot.  444,  not  of  Spreng. 
A  glabrous  perenuial  (or  sometimes  annual  ?)  with  rigid  ascending-  or 
erect  simple  or  branched  stems  of  1  to  2  or  even  3  ft.  Leaves  linoar  or 
linear-lanceohite,  mucronate-acute,  sessile  or  contracted  into  a  petiole, 
the  larg-er  ones  1  to  2  in.  long,  but  mostly  small  and  distant.  Spikes 
globular  or  ovoid  or  rarely  at  leng-th  cylindrical,  about  1  in.  diameter, 
on  rather  long-  poduncles,  forming-  a  loose  irreguhir  panicle.  Bracts  and 
bracteoles  l)road,  obtuse,  thinly  scarious,  rather  brown  but  without  pro- 
minent  midribs,  not  half  as  long-  as  the  perianth.  Perianth  about  h  in. 
long,  the  segments  free  almost  from  the  base,  all  nearly  equal,  and  giabrous 
inside,  with  broad  scarious  white  margins,  the  g-reen  centre  alone  hir- 
sute  outside  with  articulate  hairs  much  shorter  than  in  any  allied  species. 
Stamens  very  unequal,  the  -fih^ments  shortly  dilated  at  the  base  and 
very  shortly  united,  1  or  2  of  the  shorter  ones  without  anthers,  sur- 
rounded  by  a  few  woolly  hairs  proceeding  chielly  from  their  base.  Ovary 
glabrous.  Style  excentrical.^ — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  291 ;  T.  Guncli- 
chaudii,  Steud.  Nora.  Bot.  ed.  2;  Hcmisteirus  psilotrichoides,  F.  Muell.  in 
Linniea,  xxv.  435;  Ptilotushemisteirus,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  iv.  90,  vi,  231. 

N.   Australia.      Hammersley   range,   Nichol    Bay,    N.AV.    coast,    F.    Gregorvfs 

Expcdiliun. 

S.  Australia,     Lake  Gillies,  Burlcitt. 

W.  Australia.  Sharks  Bay,  M.  Broicn  ;  Murchison  river,  Oldfitld ;  Swan  river, 
Frastr,  JJrummond,  n.  432  ;  Gordon  and  LLackwood  rivers,  Oldficld. 

\nr.  parvlfiora.     Peiiantli  scarcely  above  4  lines  loiig — Cuiinaka,  F.  Mueller. 

\\  lien  the  spike  elongates,  the  species  bears  much  rcst  mblance  to  T.  alopecuroideum, 
but  ihe  leaves  are  miich  narrower,  and  the  sliortness  of  the  perianth-hairs  gives  the 
spike  an  ahnost  glabrous  aspect. 

Series  3.  Rhodostachya. — Spikes  giobular  ovoid  or  rarely  cylin- 
drical,  1  to  2  in.  diameter,  terminating-  simple  or  rarely  branched  stems. 


Trichinium.]  xcvii.   amarantace^.  22? 

Perianth  piak  or  red   (white  in   T.  esqunmatum  ?),   the  inner   seg"ments 
woolly  inside  towards  the  base  or  below  the  middle. 

13.  T.  exaltatum,  Benth.  A  stout  perennial,  with  a  tliick  stock 
and  ereet  stoms,  attaining-  2  or  3  ft.,  usually  branching-  in  the  upper 
portion,  g-hibrous  or  hirsute  with  spreading-  htiirs.  Radical  and  lower 
leaves  oblong-hinceohite,  attaining-  3  to  5  in.,  rather  thick,  contracted 
into  a  long-  petiole,  the  upper  ones  small,  sessile,  broad  or  narrow,  often 
unduhite  or  with  crisped  marg-ins.  Spikes  erect,  on  long  pecluncles,  at 
first  ovoid-conical,  at  length  oblong-cylinch-ical,  about  2^  in.  diameter. 
Bracts  and  bracteoles  rarely  half  as  long-  as  tlie  perianth,  ovate-lanceo- 
hite,  mucronate,  scarious  with  a  brown  midrib  and  sometimes  broadly 
brown  towards  the  end,  the  bracteoles  usually  rather  shorter  than  the 
bracts.  Perianth  rarely  above  f  in.  hjng-and  sometimes  rather  shorter, 
the  tube  above  1  Hne  long,  the  segments  narrow,  rigid  and  ahnost  acute, 
phimose  outside  with  long-  articuhite  hairs,  the  short  g-hibrous  tips  of  a 
dull  red  colour,  the  inner  ones  with  dense  wool  inside  below  the  middle. 
Stamens  unequal,  the  iihiments  dihited  but  scarcely  united  at  the  base, 
or  2  of  the  shorter  ones  without  anthers.  Ovary  usually  but  not  con- 
stantly  giabrous  in  the  Western  specimens,  hairy  in  the  Eastern  ones, 
contracted  into  a  rather  long-  stipes. — Ptilotus  exaltatus,  Nees  in  Ph 
Preiss.  i.  630  (from  the  character  given) ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii. 
281 ;  T.  macroeeplialum,  Moq.  hc.  290,  not  of  R.  Br. ;  T.  alapecuroidenm, 
Lindh  Bot.  Reg-.  1839,  t.  28,  but  not  the  plant  originally  described  in 
Mitch.  Three  Exped. ;  Ptilotus  noUlis,  F.  Muelh  Frag-m.  vi.  227,  partly. 

N.  Australia.  Careenino:  Bay,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunnivgliam  ;  Pepuecli  islaud, 
Bynoe  ;  Victori:i  river,  F.  3Iueller  ;  Nichol  Bay,  F.  Gregori/^s  E.rpedition. 

Queensland.  Suttor  river,  Sutherland ;  Ca^e  river,  Boifman ;  Armadilla,  Barton ; 
Curriwillighie,  Dalton. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.  Bengalla,  Leichliardt ;  between  Darling  river  and  Cooper's  Creek, 
Neilson. 

Victoria.  Avoca  and  Murray  rivers,  F.  3Iiieller ;  Wimmera,  Dallachy  (all  witli 
very  hirsute  branches). 

S,  Australia.     Lake  Gairdner,  Bahhage ;  Gawler  Ranges,  Sullivan. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  44,  437  ;  Murchisou  river,  Oldjield;  Salt  river  and 
Cape  Knob,  Ma.viveJl. 

The  western  specimeiis  are  mostly  tall,  stout,  and  glabrous,  nr  nearly  so,  the  spikes 
often  elongated,  the  wool  inside  the  perianth  very  copinus,  and  the  ovary  ahnost  always 
glabrous.  The  Qnecnshmd  aiid  N.  S.  Wales  specimeiis  are  often  ratherhairy,  the  ovary 
almost  always  so,  and  the  spikes  usually  shorter,  sliowing  an  appruach  to  the  following 
species  (or  variety  ?). 

14.  T.  semilanatum,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  45.  A  perennial 
with  a  tufted  stock  and  erect  simple  or  shghtly  l)ranched  stems  of  6  in. 
to  1  ft.,  more  or  less  pubescent  as  well  as  the  foHage  with  short  crisped 
hairs  or  quite  giabrous.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-hmceolate,  acute,  the 
radical  ones  not  persistent  at  the  time  of  llowering-,  the  lower  onespetio- 
late,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  the  upper  ones  more  sessile  and  smaller,  the  mar- 
gins  Hat  or  undulate-crisped.  Spikes  at  iirstdepressed  or  hemispheiical, 
at  length  giobular,  about  1|  in.  diameter.  Bracts  about  2  hnes  long", 
ovate-lanceoh^te,  mucronate,  more  or  less  brown  in  the  centre  and  tips; 


228  xcvii.  AMARANTACEiE.  [TricMnmm. 

bracteoles  broader,  more  obttise  and  not  brown.  Perianth  about  |  in. 
long-,  the  tiibe  about  f  line,  the  se<>-ments  narrow,  rig-id,  phmiose  on  the 
back,  with  short  g-kibrous  pink  tips ;  tlie  inner  ones  with  long-  wool 
inside  below  the  middle  not  very  copious.  Filaments  dilated  at  the 
base,  sliortly  connate,  1  or  2  short  and  without  anthers.  Ovary  hairy 
on  the  top. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  462 ;  T.  pidchelhm,  A.  Cunn. 
and  T.  setigerum,  A.  Cunn. ;  Moq,  l.c.  290 ;  Ptilotus  nobilis,  F.  Muell. 
Fragm.  vi.  227  partly. 

Queensland,  Mitchdl ;  head  of  the  Gilbert  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Wide  Bay,  Bid- 
will  :  Koikhainpton,  0' Slianesij  ;  Midgc  Creek,  J5(iit'ma«  ;  Warwick,  iJecWer  ;  Darliug 
Downs,  L'ni. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Bogan  river,  Mitchell. 

Tho  sppcies  is  vcry  near  T.  exaltatum,  wilh  which  F.  Mueller  unitcs  it,  and  from 
eome  8i>eiimens  of  whicli  it  is  difficult  to  distinguisli  it.  The  spikes  appear  to  be 
always  short,  the  bracts  snialler  and  more  scarious  aud  the  foliage  dilTcrent. 

15.  T.  Manglesii,  Lindl.  Bot.  Ticg.  1839  undcr  n.  28.  A  perennial 
with  a  short  hard  tufted  stock  and  decumbent  ascending*  or  rarely  erect 
stems  of  ^  to  1  ft.,  simple  or  rarely  with  1  or  2  branches,  the  whole 
plant  except  the  inlloresconce  glabrous.  Radical  leaves  on  long 
petioles,  ovate  obovate  oblong-  narrow-spathulate  or  linear,  obtuse  or 
acute,  1  to  3  in.  long-,  the  stem-leaves  few  narrow  and  very  acute. 
Spikes  g-lobular  or  ovoid,  above  2  in.  diameter,  conspicuous  for  the 
coloured  tips  of  the  perianths  protruding*  from  the  long*  white  hairs. 
Bracts  and  bracteoles  broatlly  hinceolate,  acutely  acuminate,  the  outer 
ones  at  least  more  or  less  brown  in  tho  contre,  from  \  to  |  the  length  of 
the  porianth.  Porianth  \  to  1  in.  long',  the  tube  nsirrow,  about  1  line 
long",  hirsuto  outsido  with  short  hairs ;  segments  with  g-hibrous  obtuse 
pink  or  whitisli  tips  of  2  to  4  linos,  the  ronuiindor  plumose  outside  with 
long-  liairs  ;  tlie  inner  ones  rather  smaUor  and  narrower,  with  long-  woolly 
hairs  insido  bolow  the  middle  chioHy  from  the  marg-ins.  Filaments 
dilatod  at  tho  baso  but  scarcely  united  above  the  periauth-tube,  1,  2  or 
3  of  thom  short  without  anthors.  Ovary  g-hibrous,  contracted  into  a 
long-  stipes  ;  style  very  excentrical,  quite  g-labrous. — Field  and  Gardn. 
Sert.  Pl.  t.  52 ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  289 ;  Ptilotus  Manf/lcsii,  F. 
Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  230 ;  T.  spectabile,  Field  and  Gardn.  l.c.  t.  53 ;  Moq. 
l.c.  289 ;   T.  Tnacroccphahm,  Nees  in  Pl.  Pr.  i.  627,  not  of  K.  Br. 

N.  Australia.     Glendg  and  Koebuck  Bays,  N.  \V.  coast,  Martin. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  liver,  Druvimond,  \st  coll.  n.  435,  436,  Preit^s,  n.  1358, 
1359,  ■.u\d  niany  olhers  ;  noitliward  to  Murchisou  river  and  southward  to  Kalgau  river 
Oldjiehl. 

'Jhe  broad  and  nnrrow  leaved  specinicns,  disliiiguished  as  T.  Mangh sii  &.x\<\  T.  spec- 
tahile,  are  so  inucli  intcnnixed  and  connecled  by  intcimediates  tliat  tln-y  cannot  be 
reL-koned  as  niaiked  vaiieties.  The  cultivated  speciiiien  fi-nred  Bot.  Mag.  t.  .'j^^S  has 
the  spike  mucii  more  elongated  than  I  have  seen  it  in  any  of  the  numerous  wild  ones  I 
have  had  befoie  me. 

16.  T.  Beckerianum,  F.  MmU.  in  Linnrea,  xxv.  436.  A  perennial 
with  a  short  branching-  stock  and  erect  simple  stems  not  exceedins-  6 
in.  in  our  specimens.  g-labrous  as  well  as  the  foliag-e.     Leaves  crowded 


Tric}dniltm.\  XCVII.    AMARANTACEiE.  229 

at  the  base  of  tlie  stem,  oblong--lanceolate,  acute,  |  to  nearly  2  in.  long-, 
the  lower  ones  contracted  into  a  petiole,  the  g-reator  pnrt  of  the  stem 
bearing-  only  a  flnv  scarious  scales  or  very  smnll  leavos.  Spikes  g-lobular 
or  at  length  ovoid,  about  Ih  in.  dinmeter,  much  resembling"  those  of 
T.  Man/jJeaii  but  smaller  and  the  pink  g-labrous  tips  not  so  long*.  Bracts 
and  brncteoles  ovat?,  verv  scarious,  slig-htly  mucronato,  with  the  midrib 
promiuent,  3  to  4  lines  long,  the  outer  ones  not  so  brown  in  tlie  centre 
as  in  T.  Jfafifjlesii.  Perianth  about  |  in.  long,  the  tube  scarcely  ^  line, 
the  seg-ments  nearly  equal,  the  dorsal  hairs  not  so  long-  as  in  T.  Manfjlesii, 
and  the  glabrous  tips  scarcely  1  line,  the  inner  segments  with  long*  woolly 
hairs  outside  near  the  base.  Filaments  shortly  ddated  at  the  base  but 
scarcely  united  above  the  perianth-tube,  1  or  two  short  and  without 
anthers,  Ovary  glabrous  ;  style  with  a  few  long  spreading  hairs. — 
Ptilotus  Beckeri,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  233. 

S.  Australia.  Scrub  near  Spencer's  Giilf,  Wilhelmi,  Warburton.  Very  near 
T.  Jlanr/Iesii,  but  besides  the  difFerence  in  foliage  the  flowers  are  smaller  with  less  pro- 
minent  tips  and  the  styles  hairy. 

17.  T.  gomphrenoides,  3Ioq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  287.  A  peren- 
nial  with  a  tufted  stock  nnd  erect  simple  stems  of  1  to  l^  ft.,  glabrous 
or  sprinkled  upwards  with  a  few  short  hairs.  Radical  leaves  oblong- 
spathulate,  obtuse  or  mucronnte,  1  to  1|-  in.  long,  contracted  into  a 
long-  petiole  ;  stem-leaves  few^  small  and  distant,  sessile,  linear  or 
knceolate,  very  acute.  Spikes  solitary,  at  first  globular,  more  ovoid 
"when  fully  out,  about  1  in.  diameter  or  rather  more.  Bracts  brown 
■with  scarious  margins,  lanceolate  or  almost  ovate,  very  acute, 
several  empty  ones  often  crowded  at  the  base  of  the  spike ;  bracteoles 
as  long  and  ecpially  acute,  but  broader  and  the  midrib  alone  brown. 
Perianth  about  |  in.  long-,  the  turbinnte  tube  about  |  line,  the  segments 
plumose  wdth  fine  hairs,  the  outer  ones  rather  broad,  scarcely  ribbed, 
with  obtuse  gdabrous  tips,  the  inner  ones  smaller,  with  acute  tips  and 
woolly  hairs  inside  below  the  middle.  Staminnl  cup  very  short,  free 
from  the  perinnth-tube;  filaments  short,  unequal,  the  larger  ones  much 
dilated  at  the  base,  one  very  short  without  any  anther.  Ovary  slightly 
hirsute,     Style  excentrical. 

S.  Australia.     S.  coast,  Strutt  {Herh.  Hook.). 

18.  T.  esquamatum,  Bcntli.  A  glabrous  perennial,  wath  the  branch- 
ing  stock,  the  erect  simple  rigid  stems  of  1  to  2  ft.,  and  the  linear 
mucronate  acute  small  distant  leaves  of  T.  Drummoudii,  but  without  the 
lobes  of  the  staminal  cup  of  that  species.  Radical  leaves  not  persistent 
at  the  time  of  fiowering-  as  in  T.  r/omphrcmidcs,  Spikes  globular  or 
ovoid,  rather  above  1  in.  diameter.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  ovate,  mu- 
cronate,  thin  and  shining,  with  slightly  prominent  midribs.  Perianth- 
tube  exceedingly  short,  segments  5  to  0  lines  long,  rigid,  3-nerved,  with 
narrow  scarious  margins,  densely  plumose  outside  with  very  fine  long- 
hairs,  the  glabrous  scarious  tips  broader  and  more  obtuse  in  the  outer 
than  in  the  inner  ones,  glabrous  inside  except  the  long  woolly  hairs 


230  xcvii.  amahantacea:.  [Trichinium. 

surrounding-  the  staniens  some  of  which  proceed  from  the  base  of  the 
inner  sei>-ments.     Staminnl  cup  very  short;  filaments  rather  short,  not 
verv   unoqual,  scarcely  dihited  at^^the  base,  but  without  intervening 
teeth  or  lobes.     Ovary  woolly-hirsute. 
W.  Australia,   Drummond,  probably  Swan  river. 

Series  4.  IxcuRVA. — Spikes  g-lobular,  f  to  1|  in.  diameter,  termi- 
natino-  simple  stems.  Perianths  curvod  upwards,  the  inner  segments 
wooUv  inside  at  the  base.  Ko  teeth  or  lobes  to  the  staminal  cup  be- 
tween  the  filaments.     Leaves  linear. 

19.  T.  declinatum,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii  293.  Stems  frora  a 
tufted  stock  ])rostrate  or  shortly  asccnding-,  in  some  specimens  only  2 
or  3  in.  long-,  in  others  attaining-  9  or  10  in.,  glabrous  as  well  as  the 
foliag-e  or  sprinkled  with  a  few  woolly  hairs,  and  generally  a  few  woolly 
tufts  on  the  stock.  Leaves  linear  or  narrow-hmceohite,  often  rather 
crowded,  from  under  ^  m.  to  above  1  in.  long-,  those  close  under  the 
spikes  often  the  longest.  Spikes  nearly  globular,  1  to  li  in.diameter, 
closely  sessile  within  the  hist  leaves.  Flowers  not  numerous,  more  or 
less  incurved  as  in  2\  enihcscens,  but  larg-er.  Bracts  and  bracteoles 
thin,  broad,  mucronate-acute,  3  to  4  lines  long.  Perianth  |  to  1  in. 
long-,  the  segments  free  ahiiost  from  the  base,  narrow,  rigid,  plumose 
outside  with  long-  fine  hairs,  the  ghibrous  tips  short  and  acute ;  the 
inner  segments  rather  smaller,  densely  woolly  inside  at  the  base, 
Staminal  cup  very  short,  glabrous,  truncate ;  fihiments  scarcely  or  not 
at  all  dilated  at  tlie  base.  Ovary  woolly  or  nearly  glabrous. — Ftilotns 
dcclinatu.-<,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  (531  ;  T.  crioccphalum,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiii.  ii.  293. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  429,  Preiss,  n.  1362  ;  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

20.  T.  enibescens,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  293.  Stems  soveral 
from  a  thick  rhizome  or  densely  tufted  stock,  simple,  erect  or  ascending-, 
6  in.  to  above  1  ft.  higli,  glabrous  as  well  as  the  foliag-e  or  sprinklod 
with  afew  woolly  hairs  and  interspersod  on  the  stock  with  tufts  uf  liairs 
usually  straight.  Leaves  linoar,  acute,  the  radical  ones  often  2  or  3  in. 
long-  on  long-  petioles,  the  stem  ones  much  smaUer  and  sossile  or  noarly 
so,  the  uppermost  distant  from  the  spike  and  sometimes  passing-  into 
scarious  bracts.  Spikes  soHtary,  nearly  globuhir  or  at  lengtli  scarcely 
ovoid,  f  to  1  in.  diamotor.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  broad,  thin,  with 
short  points,  closoly  embracing-  the  flowers,  3  to  4  lines  long-,  the  mid- 
ribs  scarcely  prominent.  Perianth  more  or  less  curved  upwards,  espe- 
cially  when  in  bud,  |^  to  f  in.  long-,  the  tube  about  ^  line  long-  or 
sometimes  scarcely  more  than  a  slightly  expanded  disk,  the  segments 
narrow,  phunose  outside,  the  short  giabrous  tips  obtuse  in  the  outor 
ones,  the  inner  sogmcnts  Avith  more  acute  tips  and  densely  woolly  in- 
side  below  the  middle.  Fihiments  dihited  and  very  shortly  unitod  at 
the  base.     Ovary  hair}-  or  glabrous. — Dietr.  FL  Univ.  Ser.  2.  t.   14 ; 


Tric/ii/iitl/n.]  XCVIl.    AMARANTACE.*.  2'Sl 

Ptilotus  enibescens,  Schlecht.  in  Linnaea,  xx.  575 ;  F.  Muell.  Fi*ag-m.  vi. 
229 ;   T.  Unifolium,  A.  Cunn. ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  292. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Bavren  rocky  cotintry  W.  of  Wellington  vallev,  ^-1.  Cunningham. 

Victoria.  Grampiaiis?  Mitchell ;  Avoca  river,  /'.  Mueller ;  Skipton,  Whan ; 
Glenolfj  river,  liohertson. 

S.  Australia.  Gawlertown,  5e/(r. ;  Lofty  Range,  Salt  Creek,  F.  Mueller ;  Poit 
Adelaide,  Blandncsld. 

Series  5.  PoLYCEPHALA. — Stcms  mostlj  branched  or  rarely  some 
of  them  long"  decumbent  and  simple,  g'labrous  or  with  crisped  woolly 
hairs.  Spikes  mostly  g-lobular,  |  to  1  in.  diameter.  Perianths  straight 
or  recurved.     Filaments  without  intervening-  teeth  or  lobes. 

21.  T.  divaricatum,  Gaudich.  in  Freyc.  Voy.  Bot.  445.  A  g-labrous 
shrub  of  1  to  2  ft.,  with  rigid  striate  spreading-  branches.  Leaves  rather 
distant,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute, 
rather  thick,  i  to  1  in.  long*.  Spikes  g-lobular  or  ovoid,  nearly  \\  in. 
diameter,  more  or  less  pedunculate,  forming-  compact  leaty  panicles. 
Bracts  and  bracteoles  3  to  3|  lines  long-,  thinly  scarious  and  shining',  ■ 
without  promiuent  midribs,  closely  enveloping-  the  perianths.  Perianth 
6  to  7  lines  long-,  the  tube  fully  \  line  long-,  shortly  hairy  outside,  the 
segments  phimose  outside  with  long-  fine  hairs,  the  outer  ones  with 
very  short  obtuse  ghibrous  tips,  the  inner  ones  much  shorter,  with 
narrow  tips  scarcely  g4abrous  and  with  dense  long*  woolly  hairs  inside 
below  the  middle.  Filaments  unequal,  not  long",  dilated  at  the  base 
and  very  shortly  united  above  the  perianth-tube.  Ovary  stipitate, 
glabrous.  Style  excentrical. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  291 ;  Ftilotus 
divaricatus,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  229. 

W.  Australia.  Cliampion  Bay  anJ  Murcl;ison  river,  Oldficld;  Sliarks  Bay  {Gau- 
dichaud),  M.  Brown. 

22.  T.  helipteroides,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  iii.  122.  Apparently  annual, 
with  several  erect  or  decumbent  simple  or  branched  stems  of  6  in.  to 

1  ffc.,  clothed  as  well  as  the  foliage  with  silky-woolly  hairs.  Leaves 
linear  or  linear-hmceolate,  the  lower  ones  petiolate  1  to  2  in.  long-,  the 
upper  ones  nearly  sessile  and  smaller,  not  numerous.  Spikes  at  first 
g-lobuhir,  at  length  ovoid,  |  to  1  in.  long-.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  ovate, 
thin  and  transparent,  the  bracts  acute  and  as  long-  as  the  perianth  or 
nearlv  so,  the  bracteoles  much  shorter  and  more  obtuse.  Perianth  3|- 
to  4  lines  long",  the  united  disk  very  short,  but  the  chaws  forming'  an 
erect  tube  of  about  1  line,  tlie  seg-ments  narrow  and  rather  rigid,  the 
dorsal  hairs  very  line  and  not  dense,  the  inner  ones  rather  shorter  and 
more  acute  than  the  outer.  Fih^ments  much  dihited  at  the  base,  but 
scarcely  united  above  the  disk,  surrounded  by  woolly  hairs  not  very 
copious  proceeding-  from  the  base  of  the  inner  segments,  unequal,  1  or 

2  of  the  shortest  without  anthers. — Ptilotis  helipteroides,  F.  Muell. 
Fragm.  vi.  231 ;   T.  brachytrichum,  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  iii.  161. 

N.  Australia.  Nichol  Bay,  N.  W.  Coast,  Gregorys  Expedition;  sandyplains  of 
the  interior,  M'Douall  Stuarfs  Eocpedition. 


232  XCVII.    AMARANTACE^.  [Trichiiiiuin. 

23.  T.  Stirlingii,  Liiull.  Bot.  Reg.  1839,  iindpr  n.  28.  A  perennial 
with  lonfi'  procumbent  or  ascending-  simple  or  branched  stems  more  or 
less  clothed  as  well  as  the  foliajze  with  white  crisped  woolly  hairs, 
sometimes  donFe  especially  on  the  h)wer  part  of  tlie  stems,  sometimes 
small  and  rare  in  the  upper  part  and  leaves  or  accompanied  by  a  short 
g-landuhir  ])ubcscence  on  the  peduncles.  Leaves  lanceolate  oblong-  or 
almost  linear,  the  lower  ones  obtuse  and  contracted  into  a  short  petiole, 
the  upper  ones  small,  more  acute  and  sessile,  broad  or  narrow.  Spikes 
globular,  solitary  at  the  ends  of  tlie  stems  or  loosely  paniculate,  f  to 
1  in.  diameter.  "  Bracts  and  bracteoles  scarious  but  rather  rig-id,  mu- 
cronate-acute,  with  the  midrib  more  or  less  prominent,  the  bracteoles 
about  2  lines  long-,  the  bracts  usually  shorter.  Perianth  about  5  to  6 
lines  long,  the  tube  about  h  line  long-  and  shortly  hispid,  the  seg-ments 
plumose  with  fine  hairs,  long-  in  the  lower  half,  shortor  and  not  so  dense 
high  r  up,  the  outor  scg-ments  with  broad  dentate  g-labrous  pink  tips, 
the  inner  ones  with  narrower  tips  and  long-  woolly  hairs  inside  near  the 
base  chiefly  from  the  margins.  Filaments  more  or  less  dilated  and 
shortly  united  at  the  base,  either  all  anther-bearing-,  or  1,  2  or  3  of 
them  short  and  without  anthers,  or  sometimes  even  the  longer  ones 
scarcely  dilated  and  the  anthers  imperfect.  Oyarj  stipitate,  g-labrous ; 
style  slig-htlv  excentrical. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  29? ;  T.  carncum, 
Moq.  l.c.  291. 

V7.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser ;  Murcliison  river  and  Chanipion  Bay,  OWr 
jield ;  Sharks  Bay,  M.  Brown. 

24.  T.  laxum,  Benth.  Perennial  (?)  with  procumbent  or  ascending 
loosely  branched  stems,  g-labrous  or  sprinkled  with  a  few  short  crisped 
hairs.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  or  obovate,  obtuse  or  miicronate,  the 
marg-ins  slig-htly  crisped,  g-reen  and  not  thick,  contracted  into  a  short 
petiole,  sometimes  above  1  in.  long",  the  uppor  ones  smaller.  Spikes 
g-lobular  ovoid  or  at  leng-th  shortly  cylindrical,  rather  under  1  in. 
diameter,  all  pedunculate  in  a  loose  leafy  panicle.  Bracts  and  bracteoles 
ovate  or  oblong",  obtuse  or  scarcely  mucronate,  the  midrib  usually  promi- 
nent,  the  outer  ones  more  or  less  brown  or  rod  at  loast  in  the  centre,  2 
to  nearly  3  in.  long-,  the  bract  usually  smaller  than  the  bracteoles. 
Perianth  5  to  nearly  0  lines  long-,  the  tube  cylindrical,  about  f  line  long", 
resembling"  a  thick  pedicel  but  liollow,  enclosing  the  stipes  of  the  ovary ; 
seg'ments  plumose  outside  with  long-  fine  hairs,  the  outer  ones  with  broad 
coloured  dcnticuLate  g-hibrous  tips,  the  inner  ones  rather  shorter,  with 
narrower  tips,  and  woolly  hairs  inside  near  the  base  chieHy  from  the 
margins.  Staminal  cup  very  short  and  oblique,  the  two  upper  filaments 
long-,  much  dihitedat  thebase  with  oblong-  anthors,  the  others  shortand 
without  anthers.     Ovary  g-labrous;  style  excentrical. 

■W.  Australia.     Between  Cape  Le  GranJ  and  Cape  Paislcy,  Maxwell. 

25.  T.  axillare,  F.  Mucll.  Hcrb.  A  perennial  with  prostrate  or  ascend- 
ing'  branching-  stems  of  about  1  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  with  long-  white 
woolly  hairs,  otherwise  glabrous.     Leaves  ovate  or  elliptical,  very  acute, 


TrichutitllH,.]  XCVII.    AMARANTACEiE.  283 

contracted  into  a  ratlier  lon<>-  petiole,  |  to  1  in.  long*.  Spikes  nearly 
g'lobular,  about  1  in.  diameter,  on  short  axillary  peduncles  or  flowering' 
bronchlets,  usually  with  a  few  small  leaves  close  under  the  spike.  Bracts 
and  bracteoles  very  acute  and  mucronate,  about  3  lines  long-,  very  tliin 
but  the  outer  ones  rather  brown  with  prominent  midribs.  Perianth 
about  0  lines  long-,  the  short  tube  shortly  hirsute,  the  seg-ments  narrow, 
plumose  outside  with  long-  iine  hairs,  with  short  g-labrous  pink  truncate 
or  denticulate  tips,  the  inner  seg-ments  smaller  with  narrower  tips  and 
with  a  few  woolly  hairs  inside  at  the  base.  Filaments  5,  unequal  and 
some  without  anthers,  but  all  dilated  towards  the  base  and  united  in  a 
short  cup.     Ovary  g-labrous  ;   style  quite  lateral. 

N.  Australia.     Nichol  Bay,  N.  W.  coast,  F.  Gregory's  Expedition. 

26.  T.  striatum,  Moq.  in  Herh.  Rook.  A  g-labrous  undershrub,  witli 
rather  slender  but  rigidly  divaricate  striate  branches.  Leaves  few  and 
distant,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  linear,  ^  to  f  in.  long'  or  the  upper  ones 
smaller.  Spikes  at  first  hemispherical  but  at  leng-th  somewhat  elong-ated, 
all  pedunculate  forming'  a  loose  irreg"ular  leafy  panicle.  Bracts  and 
bracteoles  obtuse,  rather  broad,  closely  enveloping-  the  perianth,  scarious 
and  shining-  without  prominent  midribs,  about  2  lines  long".  Perianth 
about  5  lines  long-,  very  deciduous  leaving-  the  bracts  persistent,  the 
seg'ments  free  almost  from  the  base,  narrow  and  rigid,  plumose  almost 
to  the  tips  with  long-  fine  soft  hairs,  the  outer  ones  often  rather  longer 
than  the  inner  witli  more  prominent  tips,  all  g'Iabrous  inside.  Staminal 
cup  very  short,  surrounded  by  very  dense  long-  and  intricate  woolly 
hairs  proceeding-  mostly  from  the  cup  itself;  filaments  unequal,  the 
long-er  ones  dilated  downwards.     Ovary  g-labrous  ;  style  excentrical. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  430 ;  Port  Gregory,  Oldfield  ;  Dirk  Hartog's  island, 
Milne  (the  last  two  very  imperfect  specimens  aiid  some.what  doubtful). 

DrummoiKrs  specimens  were  afterwards  refened  by  Mnquin  to  T.  divaricatum,  to 
•which  they  bear  some  resemblance,  but  from  which  they  difter  in  a  much  looser  divari- 
cate  panicle,  the  flowers  snialler,  the  perianth  segments  free  to  the  base,  and  the  wool 
Burrounding  the  stameiis  proceeding  from  the  staminal  cup  and  not  irom  the  inner 
segments. 

27.  T.  auriculifolium,  A.  Cunn.  ;  3Ioq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  287. 
A  perennial,  probably  with  a  tufted  stock.  Radical  leaves  obovate  or 
obovate-oblong-,  very  obtuse,  g'labrous,  rather  thick,  with  undulate 
marg-ins,  l^  to  2  in.  long-,  on  rather  short  petioles.  Flowering-  stems 
erect,  6  in.  to  1  ft.  hig-h  in  our  specimens,  nearly  g-labrous  below,  clothed 
upwards  with  soft  hairs,  and  bearing-  a  few  small  distant  leaves.  Spikes 
nearly  g-lobular,  4  or  5  tog-ether  nearly  sessile  and  crowded  in  a  terminal 
dense  ovate  panicle.  Bracts  broadly  ovate,  acute,  scarcely  2  lines  long- ; 
bracteoles  twice  as  long-,  obtuse,  very  broad  and  enveloping-  the  tlowers, 
all  very  thin  and  transparent.  Perianth  5  to  nearly  0  lines  long-,  the 
turbinate  tube  about  f  line ;  seg-ments  narrow,  nearly  equal,  densely 
plumose  with  rather  long'  hairs,  with  short  g-labrous  tips  rounded  or 
truncate  in  the  outer  ones,  narrower  in  the  inner  ones,  all  g-labrous  in- 
side.  Staminal  cup  shortly  free,  surrounded  by  long'  woolly  liairs  reach- 


334  XCVII.    AMAHAXTACE.E.  [Trichillium. 

ing-  to  tlie  top  of  the  stamens  and  some  of  tliem  ])roceeding'  from  tlie 
filaments  thomselves ;  anthers  often  all  5  perfect.  Ovary  on  a  long* 
stipes,  woolly  at  the  top. 

tt.  Australia.     Dampier's  Archipelago,  N.  \V.  coast,  A.  Cunningham. 

28.  T.  sericostachyum,  Xces  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  627.  Stems  from 
a  thick  i'liizume  procumbent  ascending-  (or  erect  ?),  branching-,  1  to  l^ 
ft.  long-,  g-reen  and  g-hdjrous  as  well  as  the  foliag-e  or  sprinkled  with  a 
few  woolly  hairs.  Leaves  oblong-  or  lanceohite,  acute  or  obtuse,  the 
Uirg-er  ones  1  to  2  in.  long-,  much  sraalleron  the  branches,  all  contracted 
into  a  petiole.  Spikes  at  first  g-lobuhir,  at  length  more  ovoid,  about  | 
in.  diameter,  sessile  within  the  last  leaves  of  the  numerous  branches. 
Bracts  lanceolate,  about  2  lines  long-,  very  thin  hut  with  a  prominent 
green  centre  produced  into  a  fine  point ;  bracteoles  about  as  long-  but 
broader  with  the  midrib  only  slig-htly  prominent.  Perianth-seg-ments 
free  ahnost  from  the  base,  narrow,  rigid,  4  to  4|  lines  long*,  densely 
plumose  outside  with  fine  white  hairs,  the  narrow  g-hibrous  tips  obtuse 
in  tlie  outer  seg-ments,  the  inner  seg-ments  shorter  with  very  short  acute 
tips  and  very  few  hairs  inside  below  the  middle.  Staminal  cup  short, 
free  from  the  perianth,  surrounded  by  articuh^te  straight  hairs  ;  filaments 
slightly  dihited  at  the  base,  very  unequal,  1,  2  or  8  w^ithout  anthers. 
Ovary  g-hnbrous. — Moc[.  iu  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  284  ;  Ptilotus  sericostachyus, 
F.   Muell.   Frag-m.    vi.  280 ;    T.  Jorihundum,   Moq.   Lc.   283 ;    Ptilotus 

Jioribundus,  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  vi.  233. 

W.  Australia.     Swan  liver,  Collie,  Drummond,  n.  149;  Preiss,  n.  1372,  Oldfield. 

29.  T.  roseum,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  284.  A  perennial  with 
decumbent  or  ascending'  loosely  branched  stems  of  above  1  ft.,  more  or 
less  hirsute  with  crispecl  but  rather  spreading-  hairs,  not  so  white  as  in 
T.  Stirliiif/ii.  Leaves  ovate  oblong-  or  elliptical,  acute  or  obtuse,  con- 
tracted  at  the  base  and  the  lower  ones  petioh"ite,  g-reen  and  usually 
loosely  villous  underneath ;  the  larg-er  ones  1  in.  long-,  the  upper  ones 
small  and  distant.  Spikes  g-lobuhir  or  at  lenth  ovoid,  1  in.  diameter  or 
rather  niore.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  thin,  mucronate-acute,  with  pro- 
minent  midribs,  about  3  lines  long-  or  the  outer  ones  smaller.  Perianth 
6  to  6  Hnes  long*,  recurved,  plumose  outside  with  fine  but  not  very  long* 
hairs,  the  outer  ones  with  g-hibrous  tips  shg-htly  dentate,  the  inner  ones 
shorter  with  small  acute  tips,  all  g-hdjrous  inside,  Staminal  cup  very 
obhque,  surrounded  by  hairs  on  the  upper  side,  the  two  upjier  fihunents 
long-  shortly  dihited  at  the  base,  with  perfect  anthers,  the  others  very 
small  without  anthers  or  Ciuite  obsolete.  Ovary  glabrous ;  style  very 
exccntricaL 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  433  ;  Murray  river?  Ohl- 
Jield ;  Vassc  river,  JLs.  Molloy  (a  more  glabroiis  ibrni,  witli  rather  smaller  flowers). 

30.  T.  fusiforme,  P.  Br.  Prod.  415,  A  perennial  with  a  fusiform 
rhizome  and  slen(hn-  erect  branching-  stems  of  1  to  2  ft.  Leaves  narrow- 
linear  or  almost  filiform,  the  lower  ones  often  2  in.  long-,  the  upper  ones 
few  small  and  distant.      Spikes  ovoid,  about  1  in,  diameter,  on  long 


Trichinhlin.]  XCVII.    AMARANTACK^E.  280 

slender  brrtuches  or  peduncles.  Bracteoles  broad,  very  obtuse,  closely 
enveloping-  the  perianth,  ver}'  thin  and  shininp',  about  2  lines  long', 
the  bracts  shorter  aud  more  acute.  Perianth  5  to  6  Hnes  long",  the 
seg'ments  free  ahuost  or  quite  to  the  base,  narrow,  rigid,  3-nerved,  phi- 
mose  outside  with  rather  rigid  long-  hairs,  with  short  giabrous  tips 
rather  longer  and  more  obtuse  in  the  outer  tluiu  the  inner  segTnents, 
all  giabrous  inside.  Staminal  cup  very  short,  densely  covered  outside 
with  long-  straigiit  hairs ;  lihiments  unec|ual,  all  antheriferous  or  one 
without  an  anther.  Ovary  densely  hairy. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii. 
294 ;   Ptilotus  fusiformis,  Poir.  Dict.  Suppl.  iv.  019. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  tlie  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Brown ;  Dampier's  Archi- 
pelago,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Canninghani ;  Victoria  river,  F.  Mudler. 

31.  T.  gracile,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  415.  Very  near  T.  fusiforme,  and  the 
struoture  of  the  Howers  the  same,  but  an  annual  w-ith  still  more  slender 
branching-  stems,  the  leaves  fihform,  the  spikes  giobuhir  not  above  f 
in.  diameter,  and  the  perianth  only  about  4  Hnes  long-  with  much  shorter 
giabrous  tips. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii,  294;  Ptilotus  gracilis,  Poir. 
Dict.  Suppl  iv.  020. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Brown;  N.W.  coast, 
Bynoe. 

Series  G.  Squamigera. — Spikes  giobular  or  cyhndrical,  h  to  1  in. 
diameter.  Staminal  cup  with  transparent  scale-like  teeth  or  lobes  be- 
tween  the  filaments. 

The  presence  of  the  lobes  of  the  starainal  ciip,  or  staminodia  of  IMoquin,  would 
technically  remove  the  three  following  species  from  the  geniis,  but  the  character  is  so 
purely  artificial,  as  not  even  to  constitute  a  good  section,  these  species  biing  perhaps 
each  of  them  more  nearly  allied  to  corresponding  species  iu  other  groups  than  to  eacli 
other. 

32.  T.  Drummondii,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  292.  A  giahrous 
perennial,  the  stock  branching  at  the  base  into  several  erect  simple 
rigid  but  not  stout  stems  of  1  to  2  ft.,  the  radical  leaves  not  persisting' 
as  in  T.  gomphrenoides.  Stem-leaves  linear,  mucronate-acute,  ^  to  1  in. 
long-,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  or  the  lower  ones  long-er  and  petiohite,  the 
uppermost  small  and  distant.  Spikes  giobuhir  or  at  leng-tli  ovoid,  f  in. 
diameter  or  rather  more.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  broad,  obtuse  or  shortly 
mucronate,  thin  and  shining-,  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  4  to  5  hnes 
long-,  the  tube  turbinate  about  h  hne,  the  seg'-inents  rigid,  scarcely  ribbed, 
densely  phimose  outside  with  very  fine  hairs,  with  scarious  margins  and 
giabrous  tips,  the  outer  ones  obtuse,  the  inner  ones  rather  shorter  and 
woolly  inside  below  the  middle.  Filaments  not  very  unequal,  fiat  and 
tapering"  to  the  top,  very  shortly  united  above  the  perianth-tube,  with 
oblong'  fring'ed  exceedingiy  thin  and  transparent  scales  between  them 
surrounded  by  loose  woolly  hairs  besides  those  proceeding-  from  the 
inner  segments.  Ovary  giabrous. — Ptilotus  Drummondii,  F.  MuelL  Fragm. 
vi.  229 ;   T.  fusiforme,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  020,  not  of  R.  Br. 

VT.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Collie,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  431,  Preiss,  n.  1374 ; 
Champion  Bay,  Olljield ;  Walkev's  Brook,  Maxwell. 


1?80  XCVIl.    AMARANTACEiE.  [Trirhiniuilt. 

The  general  resemblance  of  this  plant  to  T.  esquamatum  is  so  close  that  it  is  not 
reatlilv  distingnished  withoiit  examining  tlie  flowers.  Tiie  spikes  are,  however,  usualiy 
but  not  quite  constantly,  considerably  snialier. 

33.  T.  calostachyiim,  F.  Muell.  An  erect  slender  sliuhtly  l)ranclied 
annual  of  1  to  2  ft.  Leaves  few,  very  narrow-linear  almost  filiform, 
the  lower  ones  1  to  2  in.  long-,  the  upper  ones  smtdl  and  distant.  Spikes 
on  slender  peduncles,  at  first  conical,  at  length  oblong--cylindrical,  1  to 
li  in.  long-.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  ovate,  mucronate,  very  thin  and 
sliining-,  1.^?  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  pink,  2i  to  3  lineslong-,  the  seg-- 
ments  free"from  the  base,  scarious,  densely  plumose  outside  with  fine 
hairs  short  in  the  lower  part,  long-er  in  the  upper  half,  with  shortly 
g-labrous  obtiise  tips,  the  3  inner  ones  rather  shorter,  with  woolly  hairs 
inside  towards  the  base  but  on  the  segments  and  not  on  the  staminal 
cup.  Filaments  slig-htly  unecpial,  all  bearing-  anthers,  united  in  a  short 
cup  with  linear  or  lanceolate  exceeding-ly  thin  scales  between  them 
fring-ed  or  g-landular  on  the  margin.  Ovary  g-labrous. — Arthrotrichum 
calostdchijum,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Bot.  Soc.  Edinb.  vii.  500  ;  Ptilotus 
calostachiju.f^  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  231. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Brown;  Upper  Victoria 
river,  Hool<er"s  and  Sturfs  Creeks,  F.  Mueller ;  Nichol  Bay,  Walcott ;  Koebuck  Bay, 
31artin. 

The  habit  approaches  that  of  some  of  the  annnal  Pliloti,  the  scales  between  the 
stamens  are  S'imewliat  variable  but  prescnt  iii  all  the  flowers  examined,  usualiy  about  5 
line  long,  tlie  other  characters  are  entirely  those  of  Trichinium. 

34.  T.  Fraseri,  .1.  Cunn. ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Frod.  xiii.  ii.  295.  Stems  from  a 
woody  but  rather  slender  branching  base,  erect,  slender,  about  6  in. 
hig"h,  glabrous  as  well  as  the  foliage.  Leaves  small,  very  narrow-linear, 
almost  terete.  Spikes  small,  probabl}^  globular  when  perfect.  Bracts 
and  bracteoles  thiu,  acute,  2  to  2^  lines  long-.  Perianth  scarcely  ex- 
ceeding-  the  bracts,  the  segments  free  from  the  base,  plumose  outside, 
the  tips  shortly  g-labrous  ;  the  inner  seg'ments  rather  smaller  with  a 
few  of  the  marginal  hairs  below  tlie  middle  turned  inside.  Staminal 
cup  glabrous;  filaments  rather  short,  filiform,  all  nearly  equal  and 
bearing-  anthers,  with  oblong-  transparent  fring-ed  scales  between  them. 

N.  S.  ^Vales,  Fraser,  the  precise  station  not  given. 

Series  7.  Spathulata. — Perennials  with  short  decumbent  stems 
leafy  to  the  spike.  Spikes  g-lobular  ovoid  or  cylindrical,  sessile  within 
the  last  leaves.  Perianths  straig-ht.  Filaments  without  intervening- 
teeth  or  scales.     Leaves  mostly  spathulate. 

35.  T.  spathulatum,  R.  Br.  Frod.  4L5.  A  perennial  with  a  thick 
woody  rhizume  and  spreading-  prostrate  stems  of  3  to  6  in.  without  the 
spike,  g-labrous  as  well  as  the  foliag-e  or  nearly  so.  Radical  leaves 
ovate  or  spathulate,  obtuse,  |  to  1  in.  long-  and  more  or  less  decurrent 
on  the  long-  petrole  ;  stem-leaves  smaller  narrowmore  acute  andscarcely 
petiolate,  those  immediately  under  the  spike  ag-ain  rather  larg-er.  Spikes 
ovate,  at  leng-th  cylindrical,  sessile  within  the  last  leaves,  2  to  4  in.  long' 


Tnchiniiim.]  xcvii.  amarantace^.  237 

and  I  to  1  in.  diameter,  of  a  yellowisli  hue.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  thin 
and  shininii',  mostly  acute,  ahout  3  lines  long".  Perianth  4  or  5  lines 
long-,  the  tube  narrow,  about  |  Hne,  the  segments  densely  phimose  out- 
side,  with  long-  hairs  denticuhite  at  the  ])oints  the  outer  ones  with  very 
short  more  or  less  truncate  and  denticuhite  giabrous  tips,  the  inner  ones 
rather  shorter,  tapering-  into  entire  or  scarcely  toothed  tips.  Fihiments 
dihited  and  very  shortly  united  at  the  base,  surrounded  by  articulate 
hairs  not  ver}'  copious,  all  bearing-  anthers  or  one  of  them  short  and 
without  any  anther.  Ovary  giabrous ;  style  excentrical. — Moq.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiii.  ii.  287  j  Hook.  t'.  FL  Tasm.  i.  810,  t.  94;  Ptilotns  spathnlatus, 
Poir.  Dict.  Suppl.  iv.  620 ;  Trichiuium  mucroiiatum,  Nees  in  PL  Preiss. 
i.  628  ;  Moq.  l.c.  288. 

Victoria.  Murray  and  Avoca  rivers,  Dallachy,  F.  3IueUer ;  Melbourne,  Harvey 
and  others  ;  Skipton,  W/ian  ;  Little  river,  Fidlagar. 

Tasmania.  Derwent  river,  R.  Broicn;  abundant  on  dry  plains  near  Ross,  J.  D. 
Hooker. 

S.  Australia.  Enfield,  Barossa  and  Lofty  Ranges,  F.  Mudler  (tlie  specimens 
froni  tlie  lattrr  locality  luxuriant  witb  brauching  stems  of  nearly  1  ft.)  ;  Venus  Bay, 
WarLurlon ;  Gawler  Range-;,  SulUvan. 

yKT.  Australia,  Driunmond,  n.  -128  ;  Mount  Brown,  York  district,  Freiss,  n.  1373; 
Vasse  river,  Mrs.  Molloy. 

36.  T.  pyramidatum,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  288.  A  small 
plant  probably  perennial,  with  a  tufted  stock  and  ascending-  or  erect 
stems  not  above  1  in.  without  the  spike  in  our  specimens,  giabrous  as 
well  as  the  foliag-e  or  woolly-hairy  under  the  spike.  Leaves  small, 
oblong-spathuhite,  the  radical  ones  petiolate,  the  others  sessile.  Spikes 
terminal,  solitary  or  2  or  3  tog'ether,  conical  and  about  1  in.  long-  in  our 
specimens  but  probably  at  length  long-er  and  cylindricah  Bracts  and 
bracteoles  broad,  very  thin,  about  2  lines  long-,  the  bracteoles  very  ob- 
tvise,  the  bracts  more  acute  with  an  opaque  midrib.  Perianth  4  lines 
long-  or  rather  more,  the  segments  free  from  the  base,  densely  plumose 
outside  with  soft  white  hairs,  the  inner  ones  smaller  and  more  aeute 
than  the  outer.  Staminal  cup  very  short,  surrounded  by  straigiitarticu- 
late  hairs  proceeding  from  the  base  of  the  inner  seg-ments ;  fihiments 
unequal,  1,  2  or  3  of  them  short  and  without  anthers  or  quite  deficient. 
Ovary  giabrous. — Ptilotus  pyramidatus,  F.  MuelL  Frag-m.  vi.  230. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  99,  22L  Perhaps  a  depauperated  state  of  a  species 

usually  larger. 

37.  T.  holosericeum,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  287.  A  perennial 
with  the  thick  rhizome  tufted  stock  and  short  procumbent  stems  of 
T.  sjmthulatum,  giabrous  as  well  as  the  fohag-e  or  the  young-  shoots 
sprinkled  with  a  few  silky  hairs.  Radical  leaves  obovate  or  oblong-- 
spathuhate,  j  to  1  in.  long-,  on  long-  petioles,  the  stem-leaves  few  and 
smalL  Spikes  sessile  within  the  last  leaves,  giobular  or  at  leng-th 
scarcely  ovoid,  about  f  in.  diameter,  whiter  and  more  shining-  than  in 
T.  spathulatuin,  the  broad  shining-  bracts  being-  larg-er  in  proportion  to 
the  perianth  and  more  conspicuous.  Perianth  about  5  lines  long-,  the 
tube  about  |  line  long-,  the  segments  narrow,  densely  phmiose  outside 


238  xcvii.  A.MAKANTACEJE.  [Trichintum. 

witli  silkv  liairs  less  prominently  articiilate  tlian  in  T.  spatkulation  and 
not  denticulate,  all  very  long-  and  tlie  lower  ones  as  long-  as  tlie  wliole 
perianth ;  the  outer  seg-nients  with  very  short  rounded  o-lal)rous  tips, 
the  inner  ones  more  acute,  with  long-  wool  inside  below  the  middle. 
Filaments  slig-htly  dilated  and  very  shortly  united  at  the  base,  all  nearly 
equal  or  1  or  2  sliort  and  without  anthers.  Ovary  glabrous. — Ptilotus 
holosericrus,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  229. 
W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  75  and  232. 

Series  8.  Parviflora. — Spikes  g-lobular  ovoid  or  cyliudrical,  ^  to  ^ 
in.  diameter,  filaments  without  intervening-  teeth  or  scales. 

38.  T.  Cunninghamii,  Bcnth.  An  erect  rather  ilaccid  slig-htly 
branched  anuual,  attiiiiiing-  1  ft.  or  niore,  g-labrous  or  sprinkled  as  well 
as  the  foliag-e  with  a  few  soft  hairs.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate, 
acute  or  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  the  lower  ones  often  2  in. 
long-,  the  upper  ones  distant.  Spikes  solitary  or  in  a  cluster  of  2  or  3, 
at  first  conical,  at  length  oblong-  (or  cylindrical .')  above  |-  in.  long-  and 
a])out  \  in.  diameter,  but  the  old  ones  of  our  specimens  imperfect. 
Bracts  and  bracteoles  very  thin  and  transparent,  the  bracteoles  broad 
and  about  ;",  Hne  long-,  the  bracts  narrower  more  acute  and  rather  long-er. 
Perianth  \h  Hnes  long-,  tlie  seg-ments  free  almost  from  the  base,  trans- 
parent,  narrow,  densely  clothed  outside  with  white  hairs,  woolly  on  the 
lower  half,  straig-ht  on  the  upper  half,  all  giabrous  inside  but  the 
marg-inal  wool  towards  the  base  of  the  inner  ones  sHg-htly  turned  in- 
wards.  Staminal  cup  short ;  filaments  slender,  rather  unequal  but  all 
bearing-  anthers,  without  intervening-  teeth  or  scales.  Ovary  g-labrous. 
— Ptilofiis  hinatus,  A.  Cunn. ;   Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  281. 

N.  Australia.     Point  Cunningham,  Cygnet   Bay,  N.  W.  Coast,  A.  Cunningham. 

I  liave  not  adoptcd  Cunningham's  sjjecific  name  because  in  transferring  the  plant  to 
Trichiiiium  it  is  ■wholly  inappropviate,  and,  moreover,  miglit  create  confusion  owing  to 
thcre  having  been  a  T.  lanatum,  Lindl.  (now  reduced  to  T.  obovatum),  besides  a  T. 
semilanatum,  Lindl.,  still  retained. 

39.  T.  leucocoma,  Moq.  in  BC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  292.  Probably  her- 
baceous,  erect  or  ascending-,  rather  slender,  sHghtly  branched,  g-labrous 
or  nearly  so,  our  specimens  not  exceeding-  G  in.,  with  Hnear  or  Hnear- 
lanceohite  fiaccid  leaves  not  above  1  in.  long-.  Spikes  at  first  g-Iobular 
at  leng-th  oblong",  J  to  f  in.  long;  and  nearly  i  in.  diameter.  Bracteoles 
broad  obtuse  or  with  small  points,  thin  and  shining-,  1  to  1|  lines  long- ; 
bracts  usuallv  not  so  broad  and  more  pointed,  and  often  shorter. 
Perianth  about  2i  Hnes  long-,  the  tube  rather  thick  |-  line  long-,  the 
segrnents  rigid  with  scarious  margins,  the  dorsnl  hairs  not  so  dense  nor 
so  long-  as  in  most  species,  the  tips  shortly  g-Iabrous  truncate  and  denti- 
culate  in  the  outer  seg-ments,  more  acute  but  not  shorter  in  the  inner 
ones,  all  glabrous  inside.  Staminal  cup  shortly  free  near  the  base  of 
the  perianth-tube,  surrounded  by  woolly  hairs ;  filaments  scarcely 
dilated.     Ovary  g-Iabrous. 

S.  AuBtralia.     Great  marsh  of  the  interior,  Strutt  (Herb.  Jlook.). 


Triohinium.\  XCVII.    AMARANTACE.E.  239 

40.  ?  T.  villosum,  Necs  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  628.  An  annuul  with  pros- 
trnte  simple  slender  villous  stems.  Leaves  petiolate,  tlie  radical  ones 
spatliulate,  tlie  stem  ones  narrow-lanceolate,  acute,  undulate,  clotlied 
witli  ratlier  long-  woolly  liairs,  about  1  in.  lony.  Spikes  solitary,  ovate- 
conical,  obtuse,  u  lines  long-.  Bracts  ovate,  finely  pointed,  1  nerved, 
whitish  transparent  and  shinins",  loosely  villous,  as  long*  as  the  perianth. 
Perianth  g-reenish  white,  about  3  lines  long",  the  seg-ments  mucronate- 
acute,  very  densely  woolly. — Moc|.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  285. 

VIT.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Preiss.  n.  1365  {Nees).  I  liave  seen  no  specimen 
correspoiiding  witli  tlie  aliove  cliai-acter.  The  plant  is  saiil  to  be  allied  to  T.  incanum, 
liut  does  nnt  appear  to  liave  any  steliate  tonientum,  and  tlie  habit  mnst  be  widely 
different.  The  internal  structure  of  the  flower  and  the  precise  ijosition  of  the  wool  are 
not  described. 

41.  T.  brachyanthum,  F.  Muell.  in  Hcrb.  Hook.  A  perennial  with 
a  hard  ahiiost  woody  rhizome  and  several  erect  or  ascending-  simple  or 
branched  stems  under  1  ft.,  clothed  wuth  a  short  soft  woolly  tomentum, 
the  foHag'e  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  from  ovate-oblong*  to  almost 
linear,  very  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  rather  thick  and  soft, 
rarely  above  1  in.  long*.  Spikes  terminal,  sohtary  and  shortly  peduncu- 
late,  or  2  tog-ether  and  almost  sessile,  atfirst  g'lobular,  at  leng-th  oblong'- 
cylindrical,  h  to  |  in.  long"  and  4  to  5  lines  diameter.  Bracts  and 
bracteoles  broad,  thin,  shining-,  obtuse  or  with  minute  points,  scarcely 
above  1  line  long-.  Perianth  1|  to  2  lines  long-,  the  tube  reduced  to  a 
very  small  open  disk,  but  verv  densely  clothed  outside  with  long"  woolly 
hairs  enveloping-  tlie  whole  fruiting-  perianth ;  segments  plumose  to 
the  top  with  long*  straight  hairs,  the  inner  ones  woolly  inside  towards 
the  base.  Staminal  cup  nearly  |  line  long-,  g-labrous,  truncate ;  fila- 
ments  unequal,  1  or  2  sometimes  without  anthers.     Ovary  g-labrous. 

N.  Australia,  F.  Mueller.  Inchided  by  F.  Jlueller,  Fragm.  vi.  233,  as  a  lanu 
ginous  variety  in  T.  arthrolasium,  but  appears  to  me  to  be  distinct  in  habit  and  in- 
florescence  as  well  as  in  the  wool. 

42.  T.  arthrolasium,  F.  Mnell.  A  perennial  or  undershrub  with 
a  thick  rhizome  and  erect  much  branched  stems  under  1  ft.  hig-h,  hard 
and  almost  woody  at  the  base,  clothed  as  well  as  the  foliag-e  with 
articulate  crisped  hairs,  usually  dense  and  fulvous  on  the  branches. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong-linear,  obtuse  or  acute,  contracted  into  a 
short  petiole,  ratlier  thick  and  soft,  J  to  1  in.  long-.  Spikes  at  first 
conical  but  very  soon  elong-ated,  h  ^o  f  i^i-  long-,  rather  numerous, 
shortly  pedunculate,  forming-  a  corymbose  leafy  panicle.  Bracts  and 
bracteoles  thin  and  shining-,  mucronate-acute,  gdabrous  or  the  outer 
ones  slig-htly  hair}',  1  to  l^  lines  long-.  Perianth  about  l^  lines  long-, 
the  very  short  tube  densely  surrounded  by  straig-ht  hairs  long-er  than 
the  whole  perianth ;  segments  narrow-lanceolate,  nearly  equal,  acute, 
scarious,  plumose  outside  Avith  straig-ht  hairs  very  much  shorter  than 
the  basal  ones,  all  glabrous  inside,  but  a  few  of  the  marg-inal  hairs  of 
the  inner  ones  turned  inside.     Staminal  cup  free,  tnmcate,  not  sur- 


240  xcvii.  AMARANTACEiE.  [Trickinium. 

rounded    bv   hairs.     Ovary   glal^rous. — Ptilotus  arthrolasivs,  F.  Muell. 
FragTn.  vi,  232. 

N.  Australia.     Sturt's  Creek,  F.  Mueller. 

43.  T.  arvoides,  F.  Mudl.  Fragm.  iii.  123.  Probably  perennial 
and  procunibcnt.  Stems  brancliing-,  the  young  shoots  and  peduncles 
clothed  with  white  woolly  hairs.  Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acute,  contraeted  into  a  ratlier  long-  petiole,  i  to  1  in.  long-.  Spikes 
niuiierous,  solitary  or  2  or  3  together  on  short  axillary  or  terminal 
peduncles,  ovoid  or  conical  (or  at  length  cylindrical  ?),  3  to  4  lines 
diameter.  Bracts  ovate,  acute,  with  brown  tips,  tlie  bracteoles  more 
transparent  broader  and  more  obtuse,  all  about  as  long  as  the  perianth 
and  usually  bearing  dorsal  hairs  at  tlie  base.  Perianth  scarcely  2  Hnes 
long,  the  segments  free  from  the  base,  rigid,  acute,  plumose  oiitside 
with  short  glabrous  tips,  glabrous  inside.  Fihiments  unequal,  united 
at  the  base  in  a  short  ghibrous  truncate  cup,  1,  2  or  3  of  them  without 
anthers.  Ovary  densely  villous  on  the  top. — Ptilotus  airvoides,  F.  Muell. 
Fragm.  vi.  231. 

N.  Australia.     Nichol  Bay,  N.W.  Coast,  F.  Gregory^s  Expedition. 

44.  T.  Roei,  F.  3Iudl.  Ilerl).  Probably  perennial  and  procumbent, 
closely  aUied  to  T.  cervoides,  the  branches  white  with  a  close  cottony 
wooL  Leaves  petiolate,  obovate  or  orbicular,  obtuse  or  the  upper  ones 
mucronate,  |  to  1  in.  long.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  more  rigid  and 
villous  than  in  T.  (ervoides,  nearly  as  long  as  the  perianth.  Perianth 
nearly  3  lines  long,  the  segments  rigid  and  erect  in  the  lower  half,  the 
upper  half  lanceolate  spreading,  phmiose  outside  with  glabrous  tips, 
the  inner  ones  densely  woolly  inside  below  the  middle.  Filaments  un- 
equal,  1  or  2  without  anthers.     Ovary  glabrous. 

W.   Australia.     Lake  Barlee,  ForresVs  Expedition. 

45.  T.  csespitulosum,  F.  Mnell.  A  perennial  with  a  densely 
tufted  stock,  the  crowded  short  branches  covered  with  the  imbricate 
persistent  remains  of  old  leaves,  the  Howering  branches  slender,  erect, 
simple,  3  to  5  in.  high.  Leaves  crowded  on  the  short  ceespitose  barren 
branches,  distant  on  the  flowering*  ones,  hnear-terete,  mucronate-acute, 
l^  to  3  hnes  long*,  with  a  small  thiek  callous  and  persistent  base. 
Spikes  terminal,  shortly  conical,  4  to  G  Hnes  long.  Bracts  and  brac- 
teoles  nearly  2  lines  long,  ver^^  broad,  closely  enveloping  the  perianths, 
thin  and  shining,  the  midrib  produced  into  a  small  point,  glabrous 
except  a  few  hairs  at  the  base.  Perianth-tube  short,  the  segments 
shortly  exceeding  the  bracts,  very  obtuse,  densely  phmiose  outside  with 
straight  hairs,  the  glabrous  ends  nearly  ^  of  the  whole  segment. 
Perfect  stamens  2  only,  with  very  short  filaments.  Style  short. — 
Ptilotus  ccespitulosns,  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  vi.  232. 

W.  Australia,  Drtimmond,  n.  189.  The  specimcns  are  not  in  a  good  state,  and  I 
have  bcen  unable  to  ascertain  the  precise  form  ot"  tlie  staminal  cap. 


Tnehinium.]  xcvii.  amarantaceje.  241 

Series  9.  Helichrysoidea. — Characters  the  same  as  of  the  species. 

46.  T.  helichrysoides,  F.  MneU.  A  low  perennial  with  a  liard  thick 
densel3'-brnnc'heil  stock  covered  by  the  withered  remains  of  old  leaves, 
the  leafy  flowering-  stems  not  above  a  few  in.  hig-h,  densely  clothed  with 
a  woolly  tomentum  more  silky  shining-  and  silvery  on  the  fresh  foHag-e. 
Leaves  crowded  up  to  the  spike,  sessile,  elliptical,  oblong-  or  almost 
ovate,  obtuse  with  a  short  fine  point,  thick  and  silky  tomentose  on  both 
sides,  about  |  in.  long-.  Spikes  sessile  within  the  hist  leaves,  depressed- 
g'lobular,  |  in.  diameter  or  rather  more.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  broadly 
ovate,  about  2  lines  long-,  scarious  and  shining-  but  usually  with  a  tuft 
of  woolly  hairs  on  the  back.  Perianth  about  4  lines  long",  the  tube 
turbinate,  about  ^  line  long-,  the  seg-ments  densely  plumose  outside  with 
fine  hairs  rather  long-  and  silky  on  the  lower  portion,  shorter  on  the 
upper  portion,  the  glabrous  tips  very  short;  all  g"labrous  inside.  Fila- 
ments  slig-htly  dilated  towards  the  base  and  very  shortly  united,  sur- 
rounded  by  very  few  hairs  only,  but  the  ovary  very  densely  hirsute. — 
Psilotrichiim  helichrysoidcs,  F.  Muell,  Fragm.  i.  237  ;  Ptilotushelichrysoides, 
F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  231. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond ;  hills  near  Baker's  Well,  Port  Gregory,  Oldfield. — 
The  species  has  no  immediate  affinity  with  any  other  one  known. 

Species  insufficiently  knomn. 

47.  T.  parvifolium,  F.  Muell.  Rep.  Bdbh.  Exped.  19,  Of  this  the 
only  specimen  is  a  slender  branching-  frag-ment,  not  6  in.  long-,  pubes- 
cent  with  a  few  short  woolly  hairs.  Leaves  few,  minute,  ovate  or 
lanceolate,  acute,  none  of  them  above  1  line  long-.  No  perfect  spikes 
on  the  specimen,  but  only  a  very  few  flowers  apparently  like  those  of 
T.  seinilanatnm  but  smaller. — Ptilotus  parvifolius,  F,  Muell,  FragTii. 
vi.  229. 

S.  Australia.     Stuart's  Creek,  Babbage'»  Expedition. 

5.  PTILOTU^,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth-seg-ments  5,  linear,  free  or  united 
in  a  very  short  tube  at  the  base,  rig-id,  the  lower  portion  usually 
3-ribbed  and  g-labrous,  or  covered  outside  with  articulate  hairs  or 
intricate  wool,  the  upper  moiety  a  glabrous  coloured  lamina,  all  g-labrous 
inside,  or  the  inner  ones  with  woolly  hairs  below  the  lamina.  Stamens 
6,  one  or  two  of  them  sometimes  small  without  anthers,  ali  united  in  a 
short  cup  or  ring-  at  the  base,  without  intervening  teeth  or  lobes; 
anthers  2-celled.  Ovary  uniovulate ;  style  central  or  slio-htly  excen- 
trical.  Fruit  an  indehiscent  utricle.  Seed  vertical.  —  Herbs  mostly 
(or  always  ?)  annual  and  g-labrous  except  the  inflorescence.  Flowers 
in  g-lobular  conical  or  cylindrical  spikes,  with  a  woolly  rhachis.  Bracts 
and  bracteoles  scarious, 

Like  Trichinium,  the  genus  is  probably  limited  to  Australia.     P.  corijmhosus  is 
indeed  said  to  be  found  alao  in  the  island  of  Flores  in  the  Moluccas,  but  from  Blume'3 
VOL,  V,  R 


242  XCVII.    AMARANTACE^.  [PtUotUS. 

short  character  it  is  doubtful  whether  it  be  the  same  as  the  Australian  plant  of  that 
nanie,  or  even  a  congener.  P.  arnahilis,  Span.,  from  Tinior,  has  never  been  described  ; 
P.  ovatiis,  Moq.,  from  E.  Iiidia,  withopposite  leaves,  is  a  Psilotrichum,  P.  Sandwicensis, 
A.  Gray,  frora  tlie  Sandwich  Islands,  is  an  Achijranthes. 

The  genus  oniy  diflers  from  some  of  the  smaller  fiowered  Trichinia,  in  thc  absence  of 
the  dorsal  hairs  -which,  in  the  latter  genus,  give  the  laininaj  of  the  perianth-scgments 
a  plumose  appearance. 

Perianths  glabrous  outside  except  a  fevr  hairs  round  thc  base. 
Leaves  lincar. 
Spikes  globular  or  scarcely  ovate. 

Fihinicnts  dilated  under  the  anthers 1.  P.  conicus. 

Filamcnts  filifdrm  exccpt  at  thc  base. 

Pcrianth   not   exceeding   2  lincs.     Bracts  raostly  acute 

and  appressed 2.  P.  corymhosus. 

Perianth  3  to  4  lines  long.     Bracts  broad,  mostly  obtuse 

and  loose 3.  P.  grandiflorus. 

Spikes  at  first  conical,  at  length  cylindrical 4.  P.  spicatus. 

Perianths  envcloped  in   dense  white  cottony   wool  proceeding 
from  the  lower  half.     Leaves  oblong-lanceolate  or  obovate. 
Spikos  cylindrical.     Leaves  oblong. 

Spikes  sessile 5.  P.  Murrayi 

Spikes  pedunculate 6.  P.  gomphrenoides. 

Spikes  globular.     Leavcs  obovate       1.  P.  latifolius. 

Perianths  cnveloped   in  loiig  dense  articulate  hairs  procecding 
frora  tlie  lower  half.     Leaves  narrow. 
Spikes  globular  or  ovoid.     Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong. 

Stout  plant.     Spikes  4  in.  diameter 8.  P.  macrotricJnis. 

Smali  slender  plant.     Spikes  \  in.  diameter 9.  P.  villo-nflorus. 

Spikes  cylindrical.     Leaves  linear 10.  P.  humilis. 

1.  P.  conicus,  R.  Br.  Prod.  415.  An  erect  glabrous  annual,  closely 
rosembling-  P.  corijmhusns,  hut  usually  more  rigid,  1  to  2  feet  bigb, 
Avith  elong-ated  branches.  Leaves  very  narrow-linear  as  in  that  species. 
Spikes  few  on  long-  peduncles,  birg-er  tban  in  P.  corjjvibosKs,  g-lobular 
and  5  bnes  diameter,  or  at  leng-tb  ovoid  and  7  or  8  Hnes  long-.  Bracts 
narrow,  acuto  or  aristate,  sborter  than  the  perianth.  Periantb- 
segments  all  scarious,  or  tbe  inner  ones  more  rigid  and  sbglitly  ribbed 
at  tbe  base,  2\  to  nearly  3  bnes  long\  Filaments  mucb  dilated 
towards  tbe  base,  and  again  sbortly  dibited  and  obcordate  under  tbe 
antbers. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  282 ;  Trichinium  conicum,  Sjjreng-. 
Syst.  i.  810. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Broion ;  Goulburn  islands, 
A.  Cunninfjliam ;  Port  Essinglon,  ^rwisiro?;^. 

2.  P.  corymbosus,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  415.  An  erect  slender  g-labrous 
annual  of  about  l  ft.  or  ratber  more,  loosely  and  corymbosely  brancbed 
at  tbe  top  or  nearly  from  tbe  base.  Leaves  very  narrow-linear, 
acute,  tbe  lower  ones  often  nearly  2  in.  long-,  tbose  of  the  brancbes 
very  smalL  Spikes  small,  at  first  bemispberical,  at  lengtb  giobubir  or 
almost  ovoid,  gialjrous  outside.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  ovate,  scarious, 
minutely  mucronate,mucb  sborter  tban  tbe  periantb.  Periantb-seg-ments 
all  equal,  about  2  to  2|  linos  long-,  acute,  tbe  two  outer  ones  scarious 
almost  from  tbe  base,  giabrous  inside  as  well  as  out,  tbe  three  inner 
ones  more  rigid,  ribbed,  and  woolly  inside  in  tbe  lower  half  or  claw. 


PtilotUS.]  XCVII.    AMARANTACEiE.  243 

Filaments  filiform  to  tlie  to]),  slig-litly  dilated  at  the  base  and  united  in 
a  very  sliort  cup. — Moq.  in  DC'.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  282  ;  TricMnium  corym- 
bosiim,  Spreng'.  Syst.  i.  810  nut  of  Gaudicli. 

W.  Australia.  Islaiids  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  Ii.  Broion ;  N.W.  Coast, 
Bynoe  ;  Victoiia  river  and  Sturfs  Creek,  F.  3Tueller. 

Var.  aciUijlorus.  Perianth-segments  more  acute  ;  bracts  and  bracteoles  almost  aris- 
tate. — Arnhem's  Land,  3rKinlay. 

3.  P.  grandiflorus,  F.  Mitdl.  Fraffm.  i.  237.  An  erect  slender 
ratlier  weak  branching-  annual  of  6  in.  to  1  ft.,  g-labrous  or  nearly  so. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-hmceolate,  acute,  the  hirg-er  ones  1  to  IJ  in. 
long"  and  contracted  into  a  petiole,  the  upper  ones  small  and  distant. 
Spikes  peduncuhite,  at  first  nearly  g-lobular,  at  length  somewliat  ovoid, 
about  f  in.  diameter  when  fully  developed.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  thin 
and  trans]iarent,  mucronate,  2  to  21  lines  long',  the  bract  rather  broadly 
ovate,  the  bracteoles  narrower.  Perianth  4  to  5  lines  long",  suri-ounded 
by  straight  articuhite  hairs  a  few  6f  which  are  on  the  perianth  itself  at 
the  base,  otherwise  quite  glabrous,  the  segments  free  from  the  base, 
obtuse,  scarious,  pink,  the  inner  ones  scarcely  shorter,  without  any 
wool  inside.  Staminal  cup  short,  surrounded  by  articulate  straight 
hairs,  the  filaments  rather  short,  all  nearly  equal,  with  perfect  anthers. 
Ovary  g-labrous. 

VT.  Australia.     Champion  Bay  and  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

Var.  Jepidns.     Spikes  and  flowers  smaller,  the  perianth  scarcelj  above  3  lines  long. 

1  can  detect  no  other  difference. — P.lepidus,^ .MMeW.  Fragm.  iv.  89. — Sharks  Baj, 
M.  Brown. 

4.  P.  spicatus,  F.  Miiell.  Herh.  An  erect  g-labrous  annual  (or  with 
a  perennial  rhizome  ?)  of  1  to  2  ft.,  with  long-  branches  bearing-  usually 
each  a  sing-le  spike  as  in  P.  conicus.  Leaves  narrow  linear  or  rarely 
linear-lanceolate  acute,  the  larg-er  ones  2  in.  long*.  Spikes  at  first 
shortly  conical,  at  length  cyhndrical  and  above  1  in.  long*.  Bracts  and 
bracteoles  narrow,  acute  or  aristate,  shorter  than  the  perianth.  Pe- 
rianth  about  2^  lines  long",  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  dense  ring-  of 
rigid  hairs  some  of  which  are  also  on  the  loAver  portion  or  claws  of  the 
seg-ments  ;  seg'ments  free  from  the  base,  the  upper  half  scarious  coloured 
(pink  or  red),  obtuse  and  quite  ghibrous,  the  3  inner  ones  woolly  inside 
below  the  middle.  Staminal  cup  very  short,  the  filaments  not  very  un- 
equal,  fihfurm,  scarcely  dilated  at  the  base. 

N.  Australia.  Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller.  Included  in  P.  corymhosus  by  F.  Muel- 
ler,  Fragm.  iii.  125. 

Var.  leianthus.  Claws  or  lower  portion  of  the  perianth-segments  without  any  or 
Bcarcely  any  dorsal  hairs. 

N.  Australia.  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  Leichhardt ;  Attack  Creek,  M'Douall  StuarVs 
Expeditton. 

Queensland.     Flinders'  river,  Bowman,  Sutherland. 

5.  P.  Murrayi,  F.  Muell.  Frafjm.  iii.  146.  A  small  apparently 
prostrate  branching*  annual  (or  perennial  ?)  our  specimens  not  exceeding- 

2  or  3  in.  but  not  the  entire  plant.     Leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  under  ^  in. 

b2 


244  XCVII.    AMARANTACE^.  [PtUotUS. 

lonp-,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  g-labrous  as  well  as  tlie  branches.  Spikes 
axillary  and  terminal,  sessile,  at  first  g-lobose,  at  length  oblong-  or 
cylindrical  and  aboiit  |  in.  hjng-  and  2i  to  3  lines  diameter,  the  pink 
tips  of  tlie  perianths  just  appearing-  above  the  white  wool.  Bracts  and 
bracteoles  ovate,  obtuse,  scarious,  g-labrous,  scarcelv  above  |-  line  long-. 
Perianth  about  l^  lines  long-,  with  a  very  short  turbinate  base,  the 
segments  tliinly  scarious  with  a  red  centre,  g-labrous  in  the  upper  half, 
the  lower  halt*^  covered  outside  with  a  long-  dense  intricate  white  wool. 
Filaments  slender,  nearly  as  long-  as  the  perianth,  united  at  the  base  in 
a  truncate  ring-,  slig-htly  j)rominent  from  the  perianth-tube ;  anthers  all 
6  perfect  (or  one  sometimes  abortive  ?).  Fruit  glabrous  ;  style  rather 
excentrical. 

S.  Australia.     Flooded  tracts  of  Wills'  Creek,  Hoicitfs  Ejcpedition. 

6.  P.  gomphrenoides,  F.  Muell.  Frafim.  vi.  233  (name  only).  Ap- 
parently  erect,  slender,  glabrous,  slig-htly  branched,  our  specimens  6  in. 
long-,  but  not  the  whole  plant.  Leaves  oblong--lanceolate,  J  to  1  in. 
long-,  contracted  into  a  long-  petiole.  Spikes  at  leng-th  cylindrical  and 
\  in.  long-,  the  pink  tips  of  the  perianths  just  appearing-  above  the  white 
wool  that  envelops  their  base  and  the  internal  structure  of  the  flowers 
entirely  as  in  P.  Murrayi,  except  that  the  spikes  are  borne  on  slender 
peduncles  and  the  flowers  perhaps  a  trifle  larg-er. 

N.  Australia.  Hammersley  Range,  N.W.  coast,  F.  Gregorys  Expedition.  The 
accompanyiiig  label  however  in  Herb.  F.  Muell.  has  evidently  been  bj  some  accident 
rbiKplaced,  for  it  indicates  a  "  tree  or  shrub  18  in.  to  2  ft.  high." 

7.  P.  latifolius,  R.  Br.  App.  Sturfs  Exped.  25.  Stems  erect,  much 
branched,  herbacoous  (annual  ?  or  from  a  thick  rhizome  ?)  ''  attaining 
2  ffc."  the  branches  and  young-  foliag'e  covered  with  an  intricate  white 
cottony  wool,  the  older  leaves  becoming-  g-labrous.  Leaves  obovate,  very 
obtuse,  rather  tliick,  with  slightly  crisped  margins,  contracted  into  a 
rather  long-  petiole,  the  larg-est  leaves  in  the  specimens  scarcely  1  in. 
long',  the  upper  ones  much  smaller.  Spikes  nearly  globular,  fully  h  in. 
diameter,  numerous,  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate,  terminal  or  in  the 
upper  axils,  usually  with  one  or  two  small  herbaceous  leaves  close  under 
them.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  thinly  scarious,  white  and  shining-,  very 
broadly  ovate  or  almost  orbicular,  ol)tuse,  loose  or  spreading-,  2^  to  3  lines 
long-.  Perianth  not  2  lines  long-,  the  base  a  very  sliort  open  disk,  the 
seg^ments  with  a  narrow^  base  densely  clothed  outside  with  long"  woolly 
hairs,  g-labrous  inside,  the  lamina  or  upper  half  ratlipr  broader  obtuse 
(pink  ?)  and  g-labrous.  Stamens  all  perfect  and  nearly  e(jual  in  the 
flowers  examined.     Ovary  glabrous. — F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  232. 

S.  Australia.  Sand  rldges,  Wills'  Creek,  HowitVs  ExjJedition.  I  have  not  seen 
Sturf  8  specimens  described  by  R.  Brown. 

8.  P.  macrotrichus,  F.  MvcU.  Frarim.  iv.  90,  vi.  232.  Erect  and 
branchiiig- with  tlic  lia])it  nf  P.  latifoUus.,  1  ft.  hig'h  or  more,  the  branches 
and  foliag-e  sprinkled  with  a  few  wooll}'  hairs  and  sometimes  almost 
glabrous.   Leaves  on  long  pptioles,  lanceolate  or  oblong,  obtuse  or  acute, 


Ptilotns.^  XCVII.    AMARANTACE-S:.  246 

rather  thick,  the  lower  ones  above  1  in.  long-,  the  upper  ones  smaller. 
Spikes  nearly  giobular,  fully  \  in.  diameter,  numerous,  sessile  or  shortly 
peduncuhite,  terniinal  or  in  the  uppor  axils,  with  1  or  2  small  herbaceous 
leaves  close  uniler  them.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  thinly  scarious,  white 
and  shining-,  very  broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  loose  or  spreading-,  about  2 
lines  long".  Perianth  not  2  lines  long-,  the  seginents  free  ahnost  to  the 
base,  the  lower  half  oparpie  and  densely  covered  outside  with  long' 
white  silky-woolly  liairs  exceeding'  the  perianth,  the  upper  half  or 
lamina  obtuse  scarious  coloured  and  g'kibrous,  the  three  inner  ones 
with  a  small  fpumtity  of  wool  inside  below  the  middle.  Stamens  shoi't, 
scarcely  united  at  the  base.     Ovary  g'hibrous. 

\V.  Australia,  Drummond,  Qth  coll.  n.  222  ;  Sbarks  Bay,  M.  Brown. 

9.  P.  villosiflorus,  F.  Miiell.  Fragm.  iii.  125.  A  small  slender 
annual  with  erect  or  decunibent  branches  not  above  3  in.  hig-h  in  the 
sing-le  specimen  known,  the  branches  loosely  woolly.  Leaves  small, 
linear  or  hmceohite,  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  long-  petiole,  g;hibrous  or 
slig'htly  woolly.  Spikes  gdobular,  numerous  and  sessile  or  nearly  so  as 
in  P.  macrotrichus,  but  only  \  in.  diameter.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  as 
long-  as  the  periauth,  and  perianth-segments  with  long-  silky-woolly 
hairs  on  the  lower  half  \vith  the  upper  half  or  lamina  g-labrous,  all 
entirely  as  in  P.  macrotrichus  but  scarcely  above  half  the  size. 

N.  Australia.  Nichol  Baj,  F,  Gregory^s  Expedition.  The  single  specimen  may 
be  only  a  young  starved  and  small-flowered  state  of  P.  macrotrichus. 

10.  P.  humilis,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  229.  A  small  g-labrous  annual, 
branching-  at  the  base,  with  several  prostrate  slender  stems,  usually 
simple  and  2  to  4  in.  long-,  but  sometimes  ascending-  slig-htly  branched 
and  attaining-  at  least  6  in.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-spathulate,  obtuse 
or  the  upper  ones  mucronate-acute,  mostly  about  i  in.  long-  besides  the 
petiole,  which  is  long*  in  some  specimens,  very  short  in  others.  Spikes 
at  first  ovate,  at  length  oblong-,  attaining-  ftilly  1  in.  in  length  and  about 
^  in.  diameter,  the  central  one  usually  sessile  at  the  base  of  the  stems, 
the  others  terminal  and  sessile  within  tlie  last  leaves  of  the  stems  or 
their  branches.  Bracts  very  thin  and  transparent,  broadly  ovate  or  or- 
bicular,  nearly  as  long-  as  the  perianth.  Perianth  2|  to  nearly  3  lines 
long",  the  very  short  entire  base  or  disk  surrounded  by  a  dense  tuft  of 
long'  articulate  hairs  sometimes  as  long*  as  the  perianth  ;  segments 
3-nerved  in  the  lower  half,  the  upper  half  or  lamina  scarious  and  rather 
broad  towards  the  top,  all  g-labrous  or  with  very  few  hairs  on  the  lower 
half  chieily  marginal.  Staminal  cup  very  short,  surrounded  by  woolly 
hairs  proceeding-  from  tlie  base  of  the  inner  segments.  Oviiry  g-labrous. 
— Trichinium  humile,  Xees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  628;  Mocj.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii. 
ii.  288 ;    T.  nanum,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  iii.  161. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  421  (or  427?);  York  district,  Preiss,  n.  1363; 
Kalgan  river,  Oldfield ;  N.  of  Stirling  Eange,  F.  Mueller  ;  W.  ov  N.W.  coast,  Bynoe. 

Var.  parvijiora.  Small  and  slender  but  brancbiiig,  with  several  spikes  niucb  nar- 
rower  tban  in  tbe  typical  form,  the  periantii-segments  iiot  2  lines  long  and  broader 
in  proportion  than  in  the  type,  with  the  opaque  piuk  centre  extending  higher  up,  and 
the  surrounding  hairs  sborter. — W' .  Australi:i,  Burgess. 


246  xcvii.  AMAnANTACE.-E.  [Achyranthfs. 


6.  ACHYRANTHES,  Linn. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth-sep-ments  _  5,  sHg-htly  unequal, 
hardened  after  llowering-  and  erect,  enclosiug-  tlie  fruit,  usually  ghibrous. 
Stamens  5,  united  in  a  cup  at  the  hase,  with  as  many  small  scales  or 
staminodiahetween  them,  Anthers  2-celled.  Ovary  uniovulate.  Style 
simple,  with  a  capitate  stigina.  Fruit  a  membranous  indehiscent  utricle 
enclosed  in  the  perianth"  Seed  solitary. — Herbs.  Leaves  opposite. 
Flowers  g-reen  and  rigid  or  rarely  scarious,  reilexed,  in  terminal  heads 
or  long  spikes.     Bracteoles  subulate,  rig-id  and  often  spinescent. 

The  genus  is  widely  distributed  over  the  tropical  and  subtropical  regions  of  the  OIJ 
World.  The  only  Australiau  species  is  a  common  weed  over  the  whole  range  of  the 
genus. 

1.  A.  aspera,  Linn. ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  314.  An  erect  or 
spreading-  anuual  or  hiennial,  with  a  hard  ahnost  woody  base  and  branch- 
ing'  stems  of  2  or  3  ft.,  more  or  less  hoarj^  as  well  as  the  foliag"e  with  a 
soft  pubescence.  Leaves,  shortly  petiohite  ovate,  ovate-oblong-  or  ahnost 
oblong-,  obtuse  or  shortly  acuminate  and  acute,  usually  1  to  2  in.  but 
sometimes  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  of  a  shining-  green,  in  long-  slender  but 
rigid  terminal  spikes.  Perianth  l^  to  nearly  2  Unes  long-,  closely  re- 
flexed  after  ilowering-.  Bracteoles  rigidly  subulate  or  spinescent  (hut 
not  spreading'  as  in  K>/ssa/itJu's),  usually  nearly  as  long'  as  the  perianth, 
hut  variahle  in  length,  dilated  and  scarious  at  the  base. — Wig-ht,  Ic.  Ph 
t.  1777 ;  A.  au^tralis,  R.  Br,  Prod.  417  ;  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  313, 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Broivn ;  Goulbum  islands, 
A.  Cunni)i(]ham  ;  Victoria  river,  P.  Mueller ;  Escape  Cliffs,  Hulls;  Nichol  Bay,  N.W, 
coast,  JUdleifs  E.cpedition  ;  Port  Darwin,  Schidtz. 

Queensland.  Broad  Sound,  B.  Brown  ;  Albany  island,  F.  MiieUer  ;  Cape  York, 
Daemel ;  Kockiiigham  lia.y,  Dallachy ;  Rockhampton,  a  common  weed,  0'/ilhanesy; 
Nerkool  Crcck,  Bowman  ;  Moreton  Bay,  Leichhardt,  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Lord  Howe's  island,  M'Gillivray,  Mihie. 

A.  cancscens,  R.  Br.  Prol.  417,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  312,  is  a  more  puhescent 
or  hoary-villous  variety,  with  thicker  ieaves  and  rather  larger  perianths,  passing  very 
gradually  into  the  commoner  forms  ;  the  most  markod  specimeus  are  Brown'8  from  the 
Carpentaria  islands  and  F.  Muellers  from  Victoria  river. 

A.  argentea,  Lam.;  Jloq.  l.c.  315,  is  auother  variety  or  form  only  to  be  distinguished 
from  the  comnion  one  by  the  more  acuminate  leaves,  but  is  not  generally  so  common  or 
so  well  marked  in  Australia  as  in  Africa  and  in  S.  Europe.  Some  specimens,  however, 
such  as  tho.se  of  Schultz's  from  Port  Darwin,  are  quite  characteristic. 

7.  NYSSANTHES,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth-seginents  4,  of  which  2  upper 
ones  snuiller,  all  hardened  after  Howering"  and  erect,  enclosing'  the  Iruit, 
all  or  the  2  outer  ones  more  or  less  spinescent.  Stamens  2  or  4,  united 
in  a  cup  at  the  base,  with  as  manj^  short  scales  or  staminodia  between 
them.  Anthers  2-celled.  Ovary  uniovulate.  Style  with  a  capitate 
stig-ma.  Fruit  a  membranous  indehiscent  utricle,  enclosed  in  the 
perianth.     Secd  soHtary. — Herbs,     Leaves  opposite,      Flowers  green 


K^SSantheS.]  XCVII.    AMARANTACEiE.  247 

and  rig-i(l,  very  spreading  or  reflexed  after  flowering,  in  sessile  head- 
like  spikes  or  clusters,  tlie  bracts  and  bracteoles  spinescent  and  very 
spreading-. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Australia,  differing  slightly  from  Achyranthes  in  its  inflo- 
rescence,  spreading  bracts  and  constantly  4-merous  flowers. 

Stamens  4 1.  N.  erecta. 

Stamens  2 2.  N.  diffusa. 

1.  N".  erecta,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  418.  Erect  and  probably  2  ft.  high  or 
more,  the  upper  flowering-  portion  with  spreading-  opposite  dichotomous 
branches,  the  whole  phint  more  or  less  pubescent  with  soft  appressed 
hairs.  Leaves  elHptical-oblong-  or  ahuost  hmceolate,  mostly  acute,  con- 
tracted  into  a  short  petiole,  those  on  the  main  stem  and  tlie  lower  floral 
ones  1  to  3  in.  long-,  the  upper  floral  oues  very  smalL  Flowers  in  dense 
clusters  or  short  spikes  sessile  in  the  upper  axils  and  forks  of  the  panicle, 
each  flower  sessile  within  a  spinescent  bract  shortly  dilated  and  scarious 
at  the  base,  and  2  similar  but  smaller  bracteoles  very  divaricate  on  the 
fruiting-  perianth.  Perianth  with  2  outer  segments  about  1|  Hnes  long 
but  unequal,  hairy,  lanceolate,  tapering-  into  a  rigid  spinescent  point, 
with  2  or  3  more  or  less  conspicuous  nerves  on  each  side  of  the  promi- 
nent  midrib,  the  2  inner  ones  smaHer  glabrous  and  scarcely  nerved. 
Stamens  4,  the  filaments  short,  the  intervening-  scales  or  staminodia 
broad,  truncate,  about  half  as  long-  as  the  fllaments.  Fruit  nearly 
g-lobuhxr,  about  f  Hne  long-,  membranous  except  the  depressed  summit 
which  is  harder. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  309. 

Queensland,  Bou-man;  Dawson  and  Brisbane  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 
N.  S.  Wales.     Nepean  river,  B.  Brown;  New  England,  G.  Stuart. 

I  bave  seen  but  few  specimens.  The  perianths  are  usually  but  not  always  more 
thickened  at  the  base  aud  reflexed  Ihan  iu  N.  dlffusa.  The  spinescent  biacts  and 
summits  of  the  perianth-segments  are  very  variable  in  length  and  relative  proportions, 
but  they  are  usually,  especially  the  bracteoles,  shorter  than  in  N.  dlffusa.  The  dif- 
ference  in  the  stamens  appears  to  be  constant. 

2.  N.  di£fusa,  R.  Br.  Prod.  418.  An  annual  or  biennial  closely  aHied 
to  N.  erccta,  but  usuaHy  more  branched  from  the  base,  more  slender, 
and  the  parts  smaller.  Stems  attaining-  1  to  3  i^-.,  the  gTeater  portion 
consisting-  of  a  broad  leaf\^  panicle,  tlie  branches  dichotomous  or  the 
lower  ones  trichotomous.  Leaves  ovate  or  oblong",  obtuse  or  acute, 
rarely  much  above  1  in.  and  mostly  small.  Spikes  or  clusters  of  flowers 
very  short,  in  the  axils  and  in  the  forks  of  the  panicle,  the  flowers 
usually  smaller  than  in  N.  erecta,  but  the  seg-ments  as  well  as  the  bracts 
and  bracteoles  even  more  variable  in  size  and  relative  proportions  than 
in  that  species ;  sometimes  all  three  bracts  are  subulate  almost  from  the 
base  and  3  to  4  lines  long-,  more  frequently  the  bracteoles  are  much 
shorter,  but  all  three  very  divaricate  ;  one  of  the  outer  perianth-seg-- 
ments  usually  long-,  the  other  much  shorter,  both  spinescent,  tlie  inner 
ones  lanceolate  and  tapering"  into  a  shorter  spine.  Stamens  always  2 
only,  with  short  broad  truncate  scales  or  staminodia  between  them. — 


248  xcvii.  AMARANTACE.E.  [Nyssanthes. 

Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  308 ;   N.  media,  R.  Br.  Prod.  418 ;   Moq.  l.c. 
309. 

Queensland.  Shoalwnter  Bay,  i?.  Broivn  ;  P.risbane  river,  F.  Mueller;  Rock- 
liaiiipton,  >Sutlierland,  0' Shanesy ;  Nerkool  Creck,  Buicman. 

Iff.  S.  Wales.  rort  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  Leichhardt  and 
others  ;  Clarence  river,  Beckler. 

N.  media,  Br.,  appears  to  me  to  be  rather  a  luxuriant  state  than  a  variety  of  N. 
diffusa. 

8.  ALTERNANTHERA,  R.  Br. 

(Telanthera,  Moq.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Periantli  divided  to  tlie  base  into  5  seginents, 
all  equal  or  the  oiiter  ones  larger,  ovate  or  lanceolate,  scarious  and 
coloured  (usually  wliite)  j>'hibrous  or  with  long  woolly  hairs  at  the  base. 
Stamens  united  at  the  base  into  a  short  exceedingly  thin  cup  ;  fihunents 
short  with  or  without  intervening-  teeth  or  lobes,  unequal,  2  or  3  5f 
them  often  witliout  anthers  and  reduced  to  short  teeth.  Antliers  small. 
Ovary  uniovulate  ;  style  short  sometimes  scarcely  any,  with  a  capitate 
stig-ma.  Fruit  an  indehiscent  utricle  usually  compressed.  Seed  vertical. 
— Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  mostly  prostrate,  giabrous  or  softly  hairy. 
Leaves  opposite.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary  sessile  or  peduncuhite  spikes 
(very  rarely  also  terminal),  usually  short  or  oblong-.  Bracts  and  brac- 
teoles  scarious. 

The  genus  is  widely  spread  over  tlie  warmer  regions  ot'  both  the  New  and  the  Old 
World,  including  three  of  our  common  tropical  weeds.  Of  the  Australian  species  one 
is  a  common  one  in  tropical  Asia  and  Africa,  another  is  closely  allied  to  but  perhaps 
not  quite  identical  with  a  still  more  generally  diffused  species,  the  remaining  si.x  appear 
to  be  endemic,  but  tlie  circnmscription  of  the  species  as  well  as  of  the  genus  itself  re- 
quires  much  further  investigation.  Moquin  attributes  to  the  whole  genus  (including 
Telanthera)  5  stamens  with  intervening  stamiuodia  (teeth  or  lobes  of  the  staminal  cup). 
In  those  species  which  he  refers  to  Alternanthera  proper,  I  can  see  no  trace  of  these 
staminodia  unless  we  consider  as  such  the  two  or  three  out  of  the  five  filaments  which 
are  often  reduced  to  small  teeth.  The  extreme  tenuity  of  the  staniinal  cup  renders  it 
exceedingly  difficult  to  ascertain  its  form,  unlebS  examined  in  the  bud  before  the  enlarge- 
nient  of  the  ovary. 

Staminal  cup  without  teeth  between  the  filaments. 
Perianth  perfectly  glabrous. 

Plant  ghibrous  or  slightiy  pubescent  at  the  nodes  or  in  two  de- 
current  lines.     Leaves  narrow. 
Perianth-scgments  and  bracteoles  (above  l^  lines  long)  with 
fine  points.     Spikes   at   length   several  together  in  dense 

giobular  clusters 1.  ^l.  nodijlora. 

Perianth-segnients  and  bracteoles    (1    line    long    or    under) 
broad   with  short    poinis.     Spikes    small,  at  lengfh  cylin- 

drical  and  scarceiy  clustered 2.  A.  denticulata. 

Plant  more  or  iess   liairy  or  rarely  glabrous.     Leaves    mostly 

broad.     Ilhachis  of  tiie  spike  woolly Z.  A.  nana. 

Perianth-sogments  enveloped  in  long  woolly  liairs  procccding  froTn 
the  base  (often  concealed  in  the  young  spike  i)y  the  bracteoles). 
Bracteolcs  shorter  than  tlie  periantli.     1'erianth-segments  all 

equal  (about  1  line  long)  and  glabrous  inside 4.  A.  angusti/olia. 


Altcnianthfra.\  XCVII.   AMARANTACEiE.  249 

Bracteoles  as  long  as  tlie  perianth.     Perianth-segments  1 4  to  2 
lines  long,  the  inner  ones  smallcr  and  woolly  inside  at  the 
base. 
Spikes   all   axillary,   ovoid.      Bracteoles    and   perianth-seg- 

ments  very  acute      Anthers  5 .     .     .  b.  A.  decipiens. 

Spikes  terminal  and  axillary,  globular.     Bracteoles  and  peri- 

anth-segments  scarcely  mucroiiate.     Anthers  usually  3  .     .  6.  A .  polycephala. 
Staminal  cup  with  prominent  teeth  or  lobcs  between  the  fdameiits. 
Perianth-segments  hairy  on  the  back  to  above  the  middle.  Leaves 
linear. 
Spikes  axilhiry,  shortly  pedunculate,  ovoid.    Lobes  of  the  staminal 

cup  much  shorter  than  the  filaments 7.  A.  leptophylla. 

Spikes  on  long  peduncles,  globular.     Lobes  of  the   staniinal   cup 

rather  longer  than  the  tilaments 8.  ^4.  longlpes. 

1.  A.  nodiflora,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  417.  Stems  prostrate,  decumbent  or 
ascending-,  6  in.  to  1  or  even  2  ft.  long-,  g-lal)rous  or  sliglitly  pubescent 
in  decurrcnt  lines.  Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  shortly  contracted  at 
tlie  base,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Spikes  g-lobular,  about  4  lines  diameter  when 
fully  out,  but  often  clustered  many  together  into  dense  g-lobular  masses 
sometimes  above  1  in.  diameter,  interspersed  with  a  few  small  floral 
leaves.  Bracts,  bracteoles  and  perianth-segments  narrow,  acuminate 
with  fine  points,  usually  about  1|  Hnes  long-  or  rather  more.  Stamens 
very  short  (about  ^  line),  the  filaments  unequal,  dihited  at  the  base  and 
united  into  a  minute  open  cup,  2  or  3  bearing  anthers,  the  others  re- 
duced  to  small  teeth.  Style  distinct  thoug-h  very  short.  Utricle  not 
half  as  long-  as  the  perianth,  much  compressed,  broad,  deeply  notched 
with  obtuse  thickened  margins. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  356. 

JT.  Australia.  Sturfs  Creek,  i^.  llueller  ;  Victoria  river,  Flood ;  in  the  interior, 
M'Douall  Stua)-fs  Expedition ;  Albert  river,  Henne. 

Queensland.  Broad  Sound,  M.  Brown;  Armadilla,  Barton;  in  the  inteiior, 
3Iitchell. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Gwydir  river,  Leichhardt;  New  England,  C.  Stuart ;  Ballandool 
river,  Locher ;  Murray  and  Darling  desert,  F.  Mueller,  Victorian  Expedition. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  F.  Mueller  ;  Skipton,   Whan. 

S.  Australia.     S.  of  Wills'  Creek,  HowitVs  Expedition. 

TV.  Australia.     Drummond,  n.  220. 

The  species  appears  to  be  widely  spread  over  E.  India  aiid  Africa,  but  is  not  always 
easy  to  distinguish  from  A.  denticulata,  A.  sessilis,  and  perliaps  some  others.  The 
Austrah"an  speciniens  when  first  in  flower  are  very  much  like  tliose  of  A .  denticvlata. 
VVhen  fully  developed  the  perianths  and  bracts  are  much  longer  and  moie  acuminate, 
the  fruit  shorter  in  proportion  and  broader  than  in  A.  denticulata,  and  the  notch, 
although  variable,  usually  much  deeper. 

2.  A.  denticulata,  B.  Br.  Prod.  417.  Stems  prostrate,  creeping- 
and  rooting"  at  the  lower  nodes,  often  extending-  to  2  or  3  ft.  and  shortly 
ascending",  glabrous  or  minutely  pubescent  in  decurrent  hnes.  Leaves 
linear  or  Hnear-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  mucronate,  shortly  contracted  at 
the  base,  mostly  |  to  1|  in.  long-.  Spikes  globular  or  at  length  ovoid 
or  oblong-,  about  \  in.  diameter,  closely  sessile  in  the  axils  and  some- 
times  2  or  3  tog-ether  but  not  so  densely  clustered  as  in  A.  nodijiora, 
usually  quite  g-labrous.  Perianth-segments  under  1  hne  long",  very 
acute  thoug-h  shorter  pointed  than  in  A.  nodijiora.     Stamens  and  style 


250  XCVII.   AMAHANTACE^.  [Altcrnanthtra. 

entirelv  of  tbat  species.  Utricle  sliorter  tlian  the  perianth  ;  compressed 
and  broadly  obcordate  or  truncate,  but  long-er  in  proportion  and  less 
notched  tban  in  A.  nod{fiora,  sborter  iu  proportion  tban  in  A.  sessilis. — 
Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  35C ;  Illccchrum  dvnticulutum,  Spreng-.  Syst. 
i.  820 ;  A.  sessilis,  Br.  var.  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  310. 

Queensland.  Keppel  Bay,  R.  Brown;  Fort  Denison,  Fitzalan ;  Kockliampton, 
0',S/(a/ieni/ ;  (_!ilbert  river,  Daintree;  Armadilla,  Barton;  Darling  Downs,  Lau. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Hunter's  river,  ^l.  Cunningham ;  Clarence  river,  Beckler. 

Victoria.     Knm  Creek,    Whan. 

Tasmania.     Port  Dalrymple,  R.  Brown  ;  near  Launceston,  Gunn. 

Sometimes  very  tlifficult  to  distinguisli  from  A.  nodiflora,  especially  when  first  coniing 
into  flower,  anJ  on  the  otlier  hanJ  very  near  some  varieties  of  the  wiJelydistributed 
A.  sessilis,  Br.,  with  which  J.  D.  Hooker,  perhaps  not  incorrectly,  unites  it.  In  general 
it  difiiers  slightly  in  the  narrower  leaves,  glabrous  spikes,  morc  acute  flowers  and  shorter 
utricles. 

Var.  ?  micrantha.  Smaller  anJ  more  slenJer  anJ  sometimes  slightly  pubescent. 
Leaves  linear,  4  to  1  in.  long.  Spikes  Lj  lines  Jiameter,  witli  a  few  hairs  on  the  rliachis. 
Periantli-segments  5  to  |  line  hmg,  scarceiy  mucronate,  the  flowers  very  deciduous, 
leaving  the  bracts  persistent. 

N.  Australia.     Arnhem's  LanJ,  F.  Mueller. 

3.  A.  nana,  R.Br.  Prod.  417.  Stems  prostrate  or  ascending",  loosely 
pubescent  as  well  as  tbe  foHag-e,  and  often  woolly  at  tbe  nodes.  Leaves 
oblong'  h^nceolate  or  ahuost  Hnear,  obtuse  or  acute,  tapering-  at  the 
base  and  sbortly  petiohite,  |  to  l^  in.  long-  or  in  tbe  broader  leaved 
specimens  under  |  in.  Spikes  sessile  in  tbe  axils,  about  \  in.  diameter, 
at  first  depressed-giobular  but  at  lengtb  ovoid  or  sbortly  cylindrical,  4 
to  5  Unes  long-  and  very  sbining-,  tbe  rhachis  Avoolly,  Perianth- 
seg-ments  oblong-  or  lanceohite  witb  a  small  point,  thickened  and  hard- 
ened  at  the  base  wben  in  ft"uit,  1;^  to  above  \h  Hnes  long-,  ghibrous  as 
■well  as  the  short  bracts  and  bracteoles.  Stamens  very  short,  the  fihi- 
ments  fiHform  or  sHg-btly  dihited  at  tbe  base,  usuaHy  3  bearing-  anthers 
and  2  reduced  to  smaH  teeth.  Utricle  scarcely  half  so  long-  as  the 
perianth. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  360 ;  Illecehrum  nanum,  Spreng*. 
Syst.  i.  819. 

N.  Australia.     Nicholson  river  anJ  Sturfs  Creek,  F.  Mueller. 

Queensland.     BroaJ  SounJ,  R.  Broici;  Brisbane  river,  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  Wales.  "NearMr.  Scotfs  anJ  everywhere  in  tlie  Jry  bcd  of  the  river," 
Leichhardt;  New  EnglauJ,  C.  Stuart;  BallanJool  river,  Loclihardt. 

Var.  major.  Larger  anJ  more  hairy,  leaves  longer,  perianth-segments  acute. — Rock- 
hampton,  Q^SIianesy. 

The  species  is  very  variable,  especially  aa  to  the  size  of  the  flowers,  anJ  some  speci- 
mens  come  very  near  some  forms  of  A.  sessilis,  but  always  withtthe  utricle  much  shorter 
in  proportion  to  the  perianth.  Brown's  specimens  as  well  as  some  of  F.  Mueller's  and 
of  J.eicliharJfs  liave  the  flowers  much  smaller  than  in  the  oLhers. 

4.  A.  angustifolia,  R.  Br.  Prod.  417,  lut  not  of  Moq.  Prostrate, 
glabrous  or  sHghtly  boary-pubescent.  Leaves  Hnear  in  the  typical 
form,  above  1  in.  loug  and  much  like  thDse  of  A.  denticnlata  or  even 
narrower.  Spikes  sessile,  soHtar}^  or  rarely  clustered,  seldom  above  \ 
in.  (Hameter  and  mostly  smaller  and  very  short,  the  rhacbis  more  or 
less  woolly.     Bracts  very  acute,  gdabrous,  shorter  than  tbe  perianth. 


Altcrnanthcra.]  XCVII.   AMARANTACE^.  261 

Perianth-seg-ments  lanceolate,  acute,  1  line  long-  or  a  little  niore,  with 
long-  woolly  hairs  outside ;  the  inner  ones  narrower  than  the  outer. 
Filaments  short,  only  3  bearing-  anthers,  all  dihited  at  the  base.  Stignia 
capitate,  sessile  in  the  flowers  examined. — Illcctbruni  an^iustijbrnun, 
Spreng-.  Syst.  i.  818. 

N.  Australia.  Islandsofthe  Gulfof  Carpentaria,  II.  Brown;  Sturt's  Creek,  F. 
3Iutiler. 

Var.  lanata.  More  wooUy.  Leaves  narrow-oblong,  under  §  in.  long.  Spikes  more 
woolly. — Arnhem's  Lanil,  I^.  Mueller. 

5.  A.  decipiens,  Bcnth.  Apparently  a  small  annual,  the  specimens 
under  (3  in.,  branching'  and  softly  hirsute.  Leaves  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceohite,  rather  acute,  contraeted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole.  Spikes 
numerous,  axilhiry,  closely  sessile,  ovoid  and  about  \  in.  long-  in  the 
specimens  seen  but  still  very  young-.  Bracteoles  2  lines  long-,  narrow 
and  tapering-  into  a  fine  point.  Perianth  of  A.  polyccphala,  but  the 
seg'ments  narrower  and  tapering"  into  fine  points.  Stamens  all  5  per- 
fect  in  the  specimens  examined.     Ovary  oi  A.  polyccphula. 

Queensland?  Subtropical  Australia,  Mitchell  {Herh.  HooJc.). 

This  may  possibly  prove  to  be  a  variety  of  A.  polycephala,  but  the  long  points  to  the 
bracteoles  and  perianth-segments  give  it  the  aspect  of  the  A.  achyrantha,  Br.,  from 
which  however  it  differs  in  the  long  hairs  enveloping  the  perianth  and  other  characters. 

6.  A.  polycephala,  Bcnth.  A  very  much  branched  annual  of  6  in. 
to  Ift.,  the  stems  and  foHag'e  pubescent,  or  woolly  when  young-.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  rarely  above  h,  in.  long".  Spikes 
globular  or  ovoid,  4  to  5  lines  diameter,  sessile,  axillary  and  terminal,  so 
numerous  as  at  leng-th  almost  to  conceal  the  leaves,  the  shining-  bracts 
at  first,  and  later  the  wool  very  conspicuoi;s ;  the  rhachis  woolly.  Brac- 
teoles  g-labrous,  ovate,  obtuse  or  slig-htly  mucronate,  as  long-  as  the 
perianth.  Perianth  enveloped  in  long-  silky-woolly  hairs  proceeding- 
from  its  base,  1|  to  2  hnes  long-,  tliin  and  transparent  with  the  centre 
of  the  lower  half  of  the  seg"ments  opaque,  the  3  inner  seg'ments  smaller 
with  long-  woolly  hairs  inside  at  the  base.  Fihiments  slender,  united 
at  the  base  into  a  very  short  cup  partialh^  adnate  to  the  perianth,  only 
3  of  them  antheriferous  as  far  as  I  coukl  ascertain.  Style  about  half  as 
long"  as  the  ovary,  with  a  capitate  stig-ma.  Utricle  shorter  than  the 
perianth,  compressed  but  rounded  at  the  top  and  not  notched. — A.  an- 
gustifoUa,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  354:,  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  Australia.  Greville  island,  Eegent's  harbour,  N.W.  Coast,  Bynoe. — The 
flowers  are  far  advanced  in  the  specimens,  and  1  liad  great  difficnlty  in  ascertaining  the 
structure  of  the  staminal  apparatus  owing  to  its  extreme  tenuity  and  to  the  copioua 
wool  in  which  it  is  enveloped,  but  1  believe  the  above  accouut  of  it  to  be  correct. 

?.  A.  leptophylla,  Bcnth.  Stems  slig-htly  bifariously  pubescent. 
Leaves  narrow-linear,  giabrous.  Spikes  ovoid  (probably  at  length 
cylindrical)  very  shortly  pedunculate  in  the  axils,  aljout  \  in.  diameter, 
the  rhachis  sHghtly  woolly.  Bracteoles  obtuse,  giabrous,  nearly  as  long- 
as  the  perianth,  the  bracts  shorter.  Perianth  1  to  l^  Hnes  long-,  the 
seg-ments  with  long-  woolly  hairs  on  the  back,  and  short  glabrous  obtuse 


252  XCVii.   AMAHANTACE^.  [Altemanthera. 

white  tips,  all  g-labrous  inside,  the  inner  ones  rather  smaller.  Filaments 
filiform,  united  in  a  short  cup,  all  antheriferous,  and  alternatino;  with 
short  broad  scale-like  truncate  or  jag-ged  teeth  or  lobes.  Style  long-er 
than  the  ovary,  with  a  capitate  stig-ma.  Utricle  compressed  but  not 
notched. 

N.  Australia.  Sturfs  Creek,  F.  Mueller ;  a  single  small  specimen  in  Herb. 
F.  Mueller. 

8.  ?  A.  longipes,  Benth.  An  annual  with  slender  erect  slig-htly 
branched  glabrous  stems  of  about  1  ft.  Leaves  sessile,  linear,  acute, 
contracted  at  the  base,  slightly  hairy,  1-|  to  2  in.  long-,  the  younger 
ones  hoarv-villous.  Spikes  g-lobuhir,"  about  4  lines  diameter,  solitary  on 
fiHform  rigid  ])edunoles  of  1  to  2  in.  Bracteoles  ovate,  acuminate,  g'la- 
brous,  liyaHne,  nearly  as  long-  as  tlie  perianth,  bracts  rather  shorter. 
Perianth'  1  \  Hnes  long,  enveloped  at  the  base  in  long-  llexuose  hairs,  the 
segTnents  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  g-reen  in  the  centre,  white  on  the 
margin.  Filaments  linear-subulate,  alternatin^  with  subulate  Hgulate 
staminodia,  rather  long-er  than  them  and  entire  or  jag-g-ed. — Telantliera 
lonf/ipes,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  370. 

N.  Australia.  N.W.  Coast,  Bynoe. — I  have  not  seen  the  specimens,  nor  does  it 
appear  in  what  herbarium  Moquin  examined  them.  I  have  taken  the  above  from  his 
character  and  description. 

9.   GOMPHRENA,  Linn. 
(Philoxerus,  R.  Br.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  divided  to  the  base  into  5  seg"- 
ments,  all  equal  or  the  outer  ones  rather  larger,  linear,  scarious  and 
coloured  with  the  centre  g-reen  at  least  at  the  base,  woolly  outside  be- 
low  the  middlc  or  g-labrous.  Stamens  united  at  the  base  in  a  long-  or 
short  tube,  tlie  free  part  of  the  filaments  short,  with  or  without  inter- 
vening- teeth  or  scale-like  lobes  ;  anthers  1-celled.  Ovary  uniovulate  ; 
style  short  or  filiform,  with  2  short,  often  minute,  Hnear  stig-matic  lobes. 
Fruit  an  indehiscent  utricle.  Seed  vertical. — Annual  or  perennial  herbs, 
glabrous  or  with  more  or  less  of  soft  woolly  hairs.  Leaves  opposite. 
Flowers  in  terminal  or  rarely  axillary  spikes  usually  dense,  either 
shortened  into  g"lobular  or  hemispherical  heads  or  more  or  less 
leng-thened  ovoid-oblong-  or  cylindrical.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  scarious, 
g-labrous,  the  bracteoles  more  or  less  compHcate  and  keeled.  Ovary 
g-labrous. 

The  genus  coniprises  a  considerable  number  of  species,  the  extra-Aiistralian  ones  all 
from  the  warnier  regions  of  America,  one  of  which,  of  early  cultivation  in  gardens,  is 
now  a  comnion  weed  in  E.  India.     The  Anstralian  species  appear  to  be  all  endemic. 

The  (.ircumscrii)tion  of  the  gcnus  is  iu  a  very  nnsatisfactory  s-tate.  If  Moquin's 
technical  charactcrs  wcre  strictly  followed,  tlic  Au-tralian  sjiecies  wonld  be  distributed 
among  at  least  four  of  his  gencra.  It  appcars  to  nie,  however,  that  the  presence  or 
abscnce  of  tlie  teetli  or  lobes  of  tlie  staminal  tube  between  the  filann^nts  is  of  no  more 
value  here  than  in  the  case  of  Tricuiniuiii,  and  1  have  followed  Brown  indistinguishing 
Gomphrena  from  AUernanthera  chiefly  by  the  2-Iobed  stigma.  Moreover,  the  short- 
ness  of  the  staminal  tubc,  by  wdiich  Brown  reparated  Philorerui,  can  scarcely  liold  if 


Cromphrena.]  xcvii.  amarantaceje.  253 

G.  lanata,  Br.  {G.  Broicnil,  Moq.)  is  to  be  retained  in  Gomphrena,  and  is  at  the  best 
rather  a  sectional  than  a  generic  character. 

Staminai  tube  longer  than  the  ovary.     Spikes  globular  or  ovoid, 
usiially  largc.     Filaiuents  llat.     Leaves  iinear. 
Staniinal  tuLe  with  tilironii  teeth  between  the  filaments.    Spikes 

globular.     Perianthsegments  acute.     Annual \.   G.  canescens. 

Staminal  tube  without  teetli  or  lobes  between  the  filaments. 
Annual  of  1  to  2  f't.    Spikes  at  length  ovoid  or  oblong.    Peri- 

antli-segments  obtuse 2.    G.jlaccida. 

Annual  unJer  1  ft.     Spikes  hemispherical  or  giobular.     Peri- 

anth-segments  acute 3.   (?.  affinis. 

Perennial  under  1    ft.       Spikes    hemispherical   or   globular. 

Perianth-segments  rather  obtuse A.    G.  humUis. 

Staminal  tube  shorter  than  the  ovary.     Spikes  rarely  above  i  in. 
diameter. 
Spikes  hemispherical  or  globular.     Perianth  very  woolly  outside 
below  the  middle. 
Staminal  tube  witli  teeth  or  lobes  between  the  filaments. 

Leaves  linear.     Bracts  much  shorter  than  the  bracteoles    .     5.    G.  Brovmii. 
Leaves  lanceolate.     Bracts  nearly  as  long  as  the  bracteoles     6.    G.  brachystylis. 
Stamiiial  tube  without  teeth  or  lobes  between  the  filaments. 
Leaves  broadly  lanceolate.    Filaments  with  a  minute  tooth 

at  the  top  on  each  side 1 .   G.  leptoclada. 

Leaves  narrow-lancenlate.      Filaments  filiform  at  the  top 
without  lateral  teeth. 
Spikes  ^  in.  diameter  or  more.    Periantli  woolly  to  above 

the  middie.     Bracteoles  shorter  than  the  perianth  .     .     8.   G.  Maitlandi. 
Spikes  4  to  .5  iines  diameter.     Perianth  woolly  onlj'  be- 

low  the  middie.     Bracteoles  longer  than  the  perianth      9.    G.  pusilla. 
Leaves  filiform.     Spikes  and  periantli  of  G.  pusilla     .     .  10.   G.  tenella. 
Spikes  ovoid  or  oblong-cylindrical.     Perianth  woolly  below  the 
middle. 
Spikes  5  lines  diameter.    Leaves  all  linear.    Filaments  broad 

and  2- or  3-toothed  at  the  end 11.   G.conica. 

Spikes  3  or  4  liiies  diameter,  densely  crowded  with  broadly- 

lanceolate  tloral  ieaves.     Filaments  tapering  at  the  end      .   12.   G.conferta. 
Spikes   at   length    narrow-cylindrical.      Perianth    smail,    quite 
giabrous. 

Leaves  hairy,  lanceolate  or  oblong 13.    G.  diffusa. 

Leaves  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  narrow-Iinear 14.    G .  parviflora. 

1.  G.  canescens,  H.  Br.  Prod.  416.  An  erect  more  or  less  branch- 
ing-  annunl,  usually  stout  and  hard,  1  to  nearly  2  ft.  hig-h,  more  or  less 
hoary  with  long-  soft  hairs,  the  okler  parts  rarely  g"labrous.  Leaves 
linear  or  linear-hinceohite,  acute,  the  hirg-er  ones  2  to  3  in.  long-,  the 
marg-ins  usually  recurved.  Spikes  g-lobular,  sessile  between  the  last 
leaves,  about  1  in.  diameter,  the  rhachis  thick,  ovoid  or  g-lobular,  woolly. 
Bracts  and  bracteoles  thinh^  scarious,  hinceoLate,  acute,  about  3  lines 
long".  Perianth-seg"ments  about  5  hnes  long-,  narrow,  acute,  l-nerved, 
slig'htly  woolly  on  the  back  below  tlie  middle,  g-labrous  inside.  Filaments 
united  in  a  tube  variable  in  length  but  always  much  long-er  than  the 
ovary,  the  free  portion  short,  Hattened,  with  intervening-  filiform  teeth 
or  lobes,  sometimes  as  long-  as  the  anthers,  but  often  shorter.  Style 
filiform. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  398 ;  Philoxerus  cafwsccns,  Poir. 
Dict.  Suppl.  iv.  393. 

N.  AuBtralia.     Mainland  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Broxm,  Henne ;  Depuech 


254  xcvii,  AMARANTACEiE.  [Gotnphrena. 

island,  N.W.  coast,  Bi/noe;  Nicliol  Bay,  Cregory^s  and  Ridley'' s  Expeditiova ;  'Viciana, 
river  aiid  S;tiut',s  Ciock,  F,  JhuUer;  tJoulbuni  islands,  A.  Cunningham;  Port  Daiwin 
and  soveral  othor  points  along  tlie  coast,  Schultz  and  others ;  Attack  Creek  in  the  in- 
terior,  M'JJounll  Stiiarfs  E.ipedition. 

2.  G.  flaccida,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  416.  An  erect  annual  of  1  to  1|  ft., 
sim])le  or  branchcd,  usually  more  slender  tlian  G.  ca/icscms,  but  some- 
times  as  stout,  the  young-  parts  woolly,  becoming-  at  length  nearly 
g-hil)rous.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  1  to  2  in.  or  rarely  long-er, 
those  under  tlie  spike  much  smaller.  Spikes  at  first  g-lobular  but  soon 
becoming-  ovoid,  solitary  or  2  or  3  in  a  close  chtster  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches,  about  |  in.  diameter  and  sometimes  at  leng'th  nearly  1  in.  long-, 
the  rhachis  woolly.  Bracts  2|  to  3  lines  long-,  the  bracteoles  much  com- 
])licate  and  keeled.  Perianth  about  4  lines  long-,  much  flattened  wlien 
old,  the  seg'ments  rather  obtuse,  slig-htly  woolly  outside  near  the  base. 
Staminal  tiibe  varying-  in  length  as  in  G.  cancscens,  and  always  long-er 
than  the  ovary,  the  filaments  shortly  free  and  flattened  but  without  the 
intervening-  teeth  of  that  species. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  398 ; 
Philoj.'cnis  Jfaccidus,  Foir.  Dict.  Suppl.  iv.  392;  G.  Jirma,  F.  Muell. 
Fragm.  iii.  123. 

N.  Australia.  Arnhem  N.  Bay,  B.  Broivn ;  Regenfs  river  and  Cambridge  Gulf, 
N.W.  coast,  ^l.  Cunningham;  Usborne  harbour,  Voijage  of  the  Beag'e;  Victoria  river, 
Bi/noe,  F.  Mueller ;  Glenelg  river,  Ilartin;  Port  Essington,  Armstrong ;  Port  Darwin, 
Scliultz. 

Queensland.     Cape  York,  Daemel. 

The  filaments  are  often  broad  and  sometimes  irregularly  jagged  or  toothed  towards 
the  end,  but  different  in  different  flowers  of  the  same  specimen,  and  not  regularly 
3-toothed  as  describcd  by  Moquin  in  the  genus  generally,  and  iu  this  and  other  species 
specially. 

3.  G.  affinis,  F.  Mucll.  Hcrh.  An  erect  rig-id  much-branched  annual, 
under  1  ft.  high,  hoary  with  silky-woolly  hairs.  Leaves  linear  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  with  recurved  margins,  |  to  l^  in.  long-.  Spikes  sessile 
within  the  last  pair  of  leaves,  hemispherical  or  at  length  globular,  |  in. 
diameter  or  rather  more.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  very  acute  or  almost 
aristate,  nearly  as  long-  as  the  perianth.  Perianth-seg-ments  acute,  4  to 
5  lines  long-,  very  woolly  to  above  the  niiddle.  Staminal  tube  long-er 
than  the  ovary,  the  filaments  broad,  obtuse  or  truncate,  with  the  anther 
on  a  minute  central  tooth,  without  any  teeth  between  the  filaments. 

N.  Australia.     Upper  Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller. 

4.  G.  humilis,  i?.  Pr.  Prod.  416.  A  perennial,  with  a  woody  stock 
oftcn  bearing;  tufts  of  wool,  the  stems  erect,  branching-,  6  to  9  in.  hig-h, 
g'labrous  as  well  as  the  foliage  or  with  a  few  silky-woolly  hairs,  espe- 
cially  about  the  nodes.  Leaves  narrow-linear,  mostly  1  to  1|  in.  long-, 
witli  smaller  ones  often  clustered  in  the  axils.  Spikes  depressed,  almost 
hemispherical,  ^  to  1  in.  diameter,  mostly  pedunculate  above  the  last 
leaves,  or  rarely  with  a  pair  of  small  leaves  close  under  them,  the 
rhachis  woolly.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  glabrous,  very  thin  and  trans- 
parent,  finely  1-nerved,  the  bracteoles  usually  about  2  lines  long",  broad 
and  rather  obtuse,  the  bracts  smaller  narrower  and  more  acute,  but  both 


Gomphrena.]  xcvii.  amarantace^.  255 

variable.  Perianth-seg-ments  3  to  4  lines  long-,  pink,  rather  broad, 
obtuse  or  scarcely  acnte,  woolly  outside  to  above  the  middle.  Staminal 
tube  long-er  than  the  ovary,  usually  bearing'  a  few  woolly  hairs  outside, 
the  fihiments  lanceokite,  acuuiinate,  broad  or  narrow,  without  inter- 
veuing-  teeth. — Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  418 ;  Fhiloxerus  humiUs,  Poir. 
Dict.  Sui)])!.  iv.  39*3. 

N.  Australia.     Albert  river,  Henne. 

Queeusland.  Broad  Sound,  II.  Broicn ;  Port  Deiiison,  Fitzalan ;  Suttor  and 
Bowen  rivers,  Bowman. 

5.  G.  Brownii,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  397.  An  erect  branching- 
annual  of  0  to  9  in.,  hoary  with  rather  long"  silky  or  woolly  hairs. 
Leaves  linear,  mostly  f  to  1  in.  long-,  acute  and  soft.  Spikes  g'lobuUir 
or  depressed,  4  to  5  lines  diameter,  sessile  or  very  shortly  peduncuhite 
within  the  last  leaves,  or  pedunculate  in  the  upper  axils  without  floral 
leaves.  Bracteoles  transparent,  rather  broad,  acute,  as  long*  as  the 
perianth  or  rather  long-er,  the  bracts  much  shorter.  Perianth-seg-ments 
scarcely  1|  Hnes  long-,  acute,  with  a  narrow  opaque  centre,  densely 
woolly  outside  with  long-  hairs.  Staminal  tube  not  long-er  than  the 
ovary  thoug-h  not  much  shorter,  the  fihiments  short,  with  oblong-  or 
lanceolate  entire  or  denticulate  teeth  or  lobes  between  them  as  long-  as 
the  anthers. —  G.  lanata,  R.  Br.  Prod.  416,  not  of  Poir;  Philoxerus 
lanatus,  Poir.  Dict.  SuppL  iv.  392  ;  Alternanthera  Baueri,  Mocp  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiii.  ii.  354. 

N.  Australia.     Islands  of  tbe  Giilf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Brown. 
Queensland.     Suttor  river,  Bowman. 

6.  G.  brachystylis,  F.  Murll.  Frar/m.  iii.  124.  Stems  branching, 
above  1  ft.  long-,  clothed  as  well  as  the  foliag-e  with  soft  woolly  hairs. 
Leaves  sessile,  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  soft,  the  marg-ins 
undulate  or  flat  and  not  recurved,  |^  to  1  in.  long".  Spikes  g-lobular, 
about  ^  in.  diameter,  sessile  between  the  last  leaves  or  here  and  there 
on  long-  peduncles  without  floral  leaves.  Bracteoles  mucronate-acute, 
rather  long-er  than  the  perianth ;  bracts  but  little  shorter.  Perianth- 
seg-ments  2  to  2|  lines  long-,  densely  covered  outside  with  long-  woolly 
hairs,  the  g-labrous  tips  very  pale  pink.  Staminal  tube  shorter  than  the 
ovary,  the  filaments  flat  but  narrow,  acuminate,  with  long-  anthers  ;  the 
intervening-  teeth  or  lobes  as  long-  as  the  filaments  but  broader  and  den- 
ticulate  at  the  end.     Style  rather  short. 

N.  Australia.     Hooker's  Creek,  F.  Mueller. 

7.  G.  leptoclada,  Bcyith.  A  slender  much-branched  annual,  of  6  in. 
to  1  ft.,  the  young-  plants  densely  clothed  with  white  woolly  hairs,  the 
older  stems  glabrous  ancl  red.  Leaves  sessile,  broadly  or  narrow  lan- 
ceolate,  acute,  g-reen  above  with  rather  long;  straig'ht  hairs,  white 
underneath  with  woolly  hairs,  the  lower  ones  ^  to  1  in.  long-,  the  upper 
ones  smaller.  Spikes  globuhir  or  depressed,  4  to  5  lines  diameter, 
sessile  between  the  last  pair  of  leaves  or  here  and  there  on  long-  pedun- 
cles  without  floral  leaves.     Bracteolcs  white,  very  acute,  about  as  long' 


266  xcvii,  AMARANTACE^.  [Gomphrena. 

as  the  perianth,  the  Ijracts  rather  shortcr.  Perianth-segTnents  scarcely 
2  Hnes  lono-,  with  long-  woolly  hairs  outside  at  the  base,  the  upper  half 
e-labrous  and  brig-ht  pink.  Staminal  tube  shorter  than  the  ovary,  the 
filanients  rather  broad,  niinutely  ;3-toothed  at  the  apex,  the  anther  borne 
on  the  rather  L^irger  central  tooth  ;  no  teeth  or  lobes  to  the  tube  between 
the  fihiments.     Style  short. 

N.  Australia.     Glenelg  district,  N.W.  coast,  Martin. 

8.  G.  Maitlandi,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  iii.  124.  t.  23.  An  erect  branch- 
in"'  annual  of  about  6  in.,  more  or  less  woolly,  the  older  leaves  nearly 
ghibrous.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  narrow-oblong-,  obtuse  or  acute,  con- 
tracted  at  the  base  and  sometimes  shortly  petiolate,  \  tQ  \\  in.  long. 
Spikes  depressed-globular,  \  to  nearly  |  in.  diameter,  sessile  or  shortlv 
peduncuhite  above  the  last  leaves.  Bracts  and  bracteolos  rather  broad, 
very  acute,  nearly  as  long  as  the  perianth.  Perianth-segments  about 
2  lines  long,  acute,  rather  unequal,  densely  clothed  outside  to  above 
tlie  middle  with  long  woolly  white  or  ferruginous  hairs.  Staminal  tube 
shorter  than  the  ovary,  witliout  teeth  or  lobes  between  the  filaments. — 
Iresvic  Cuniunghamii,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  342. 

N.  Australia.  Daiiipier'8  Archipelago,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunningham ;  Pyramid 
hill,  Nichol  Bay,  F.  Gregorys  Expedition. 

9.  G.  pusilla,  Benth.  A  slender  branching  annual,  under  6  in. 
high,  with  tlie  loose  wool,  linear-lanceolate  leaves  and  globular  sessile 
spikes  4  to  5  lines  in  diameter  of  G.  Brownii.  Bracteoles  acute,  longer 
than  the  perianth,  bracts  rather  shorter.  Perianth-segments  scarcely 
above  l^  lines  long,  wooUy  outside  below  the  middle,  the  upper  half 
scarious^and  white,  the  outer  ones  ver}-  obtuse,  the  inner  ones  narrower. 
Staminal  tube  very  short  and  truncate,  the  filaments  slightly  dihited, 
not  toothed  at  the  end,  and  without  intervening  teeth  or  lobes. 

N.  Australia.     Foul  Point,  N.W.  coast,  Voyage  of  the  Beagle. 

10.  G.  tenella,  Benth.  A  very  slender  branching  annual  of  \  to 
1  ft.,  glabrous  or  slightly  woolly  under  the  spikes.  Leaves  fiHform, 
acute,  1  to  2  in.  long.  Spikes  globular,  4  to  5  lines  diameter,  on 
slender  peduncles.  Bracteoles  acute,  about  as  long  as  the  perianth, 
bracts  short;pr.  Perianth-segments  1|  hnes  long,  with  long  woolly 
hairs  outside  near  the  base,  the  upper  half  glabrous  Avhite  and  scarious, 
the  green  centres  reaching  to  about  |  of  the  segment,  the  inner  segments 
smaller  and  narrower.  Staminal  tube  or  cup  very  short ;  truncate,  the 
filaments  rather  short,  scarcely  dilated,  without  intervening  teeth  or 
lobes.     Style  very  short. — Iresine  tencllu,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  343. 

N.  Australia.  Cygnet  Bay,  A.  Cunningham;  Foul  Point,  N.W.  coast,  Voyage 
of  the  Beagle. 

11.  G.  conica,  Sprcng.  Syst.  i.  824.  An  erect  branching  annual  of 
1  to  1|  ft.  with  the  aspect  of  G.^fiaccida,  slightly  hoary  woolly  or  gla- 
brous.  Leaves  Hnear,  with  recurved  margins,  1  to  2  in.  long.  Spikes 
at  first  ovoidj  at  length  cylindrical,  about  5  lines  diameter  and  attain- 


Gomphrena.]  xcvii,  amarantacea'.  257 

ing-  nearly  1  in.  in  leng-th,  pedunculate  and  solitary,  or  (in  R.  Brown's 
specimens)  frequently  in  clusters  of  2  or  3  and  more  conical.  Bracts 
and  bracteoles  acute,  scarcely  half  as  long-  as  the  perianth.  Perianth- 
seg-ments  '2h  to  3  lines  long-,  covered  outside  with  long-  dense  wool,  with 
white  obtuse  g'labrous  tips.  Staminal  tube  or  cup  shorter  than  the 
ovary;  filaments  broad,  2-toothed  with  the  anther  sessile  between  the 
teeth,  without  intervenin^  lobes  or  teeth  to  the  cup.  Style  short. — 
Philoxenis  conici/s,  R.  Br.  Frod.  410;  Ireslne  conica,  Moq.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiii.  ii.  342  ;    Gomphrena  hrcvijiora,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  iii.  125. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carperitana,  R.  Broivn  ;  Upper  Victoria 
river  auJ  Stcrt's  Creek,  I^.  3Iaeller ;  Lara  station,  Kennechj. 

12.  G.  conferta,  Benth.  Erect  hard  stout  and  probably  tall,  but 
apparently  annual,  the  specimens  very  imperfect,  the  branches  bearing- 
a  few  wdiite  woolly  hairs  and  hnear  or  linear-lanceohxte  leaves  of  1  to  2 
in.  Spikes  ovoid  or  cylindrical,  3  to  4  Hnes  diameter  and  some  of 
them  above  ^  in.  long-,  sessile  and  crowded  on  very  short  axillary 
branchlets  and  surrounded  by  broadly  lanceolate  herbaceous  softly 
villous  floral  leaves  about  as  long*  as  the  spikes.  Bracteoles  very  broad 
and  obtuse,  rather  long-er  than  the  perianth ;  bracts  shorter  and  more 
acute.  Perianth-segments  scarcely  Ih  hnes  long-,  woolly  outside  to 
above  the  middle,  the  g'h\brous  white  tips  very  obtuse  in  the  outer  ones, 
less  so  and  narrower  in  the  inner.  Staminal  tube  short;  filaments 
dilated  at  the  base,  acuminate,  without  intervening-  teeth  or  lobes. 
Style  short. — Iresine  macrocephala,  Moq.  iu  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  342, 

N.  Australia  ?  Victoria  river  ?  Bynoe. 
Queensland.     Cape  Fliuders,  A,  Cunningham. 

13.  G.  diflFusa,  Sprenfj.  Sf/st.  i.  824.  Stems  from  a  perennial  often 
woody  stock  procumbent,  branching-,  slender,  1  to  2  ft.  long-,  the 
branches  and  fohag-e  softly  pubescent.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  con- 
tracted  into  a  very  short  petiole,  |  to  1  in.  long-.  Spikes  axillary, 
shortly  peduncuh^te,  at  first  ovoid  or  oblong-  but  lengthening-  to  J  or  | 
in.  and  not  -j  in.  diameter,  the  rhachis  pubescent.  Bracts  and  brac- 
teoles  obtuse,  as  long-  as  the  perianth,  the  bracteoles  broad  and  readily 
splitting-.  Perianth-segments  about  1  hne  long-,  quite  gdabrous,  obtuse, 
scarious  with  a  narrow  opaque  centre  not  reaching-  either  to  the  sum- 
mit  or  to  the  base.  Staminal  tube  rather  shorter  than  the  ovary ; 
filaments  short,  much  dihited,  tapering-  to  a  point,  without  intervening' 
teeth  or  lobes. — Philoxerus  diffusus,  R.  Br.  Prod.  41(j ;  Ircsine  Brownti, 
Moq.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  341. 

N.  Australia.     Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Brown. 
This  and  the  fonowing  species  have  the  habit  almost  as  much  of  Alternanthera  as  of 
Gomphrena,  but  the  style  is  decidedly  lobed. 

14.  Gr.  parviflora,  Benth.  Stems  lono-  and  slender,  probably 
dilfuse,  turning-  red,  the  whole  plant  quite  glabrous  or  with  a  few  long- 
hairs  on  the  young-  shoots.  Leaves  sessile,  linear  or  linear-lanceolate, 
acute,  with  recurved  marg-ins,  A  to  1  in.  long-.     Spikes  pedunculate, 

VOL.  V.  s 


258  xcvii.  AMARANTACE^.  [Goniphrena. 

axillary  and  terminal,  quite  g-labrous,  about  2  lines  diameter,  at  first 
short  and  conical,  at  lengtli  cylindrical  and  ^  in.  long-.  Bracts  sbort 
broad  and  persistent,  bracteoles  erect,  more  tban  balf  as  long-  as  tbe 
periantb  and  deciduous  witb  it.  Periantb-seg'ments  quite  g-labrous, 
scarcely  1  Hne  long-,  obtuse,  wbite,  sbortly  g-reen  at  tbe  base.  Staminal 
tube  sbortor  tban  tlie  ovary,  truncate ;  fibiments  but  slig^btly  dilated, 
witboiit  intervening-  teetb  or  lobes.     Style  very  sbort. 

N.  Australia.     Ecgent  river,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunnmgham  ;  Port  Darwin,  Schulz. 


Order  xcviii.  PARONYCHIACE^. 

Periantb-seg'ments  or  lobes  5,  rarely  4  or  3,  iisually  scarious  at  tbe 
marg-ins,  imbricate  in  tbe  bud.  Stamens  as  many  as  periantb-seg-ments 
and  opposite  to  tbem  or  fewer  by  abortion,  witb  or  witbout  interven- 
ing'  teetli  lobes  or  staminodia,  usiially  fiHform,  rarely  petal-Hke  or 
perfect  stamina.  Ovary  1-celled  watb  1  ovule  attaclied  to  a  funicle 
erect  from  tbe  base  of  tbe  cavit}'.  Style  more  or  less  divided  into  2  or 
3  branclies  or  separate  styles,  stig"matic  at  tbe  end  or  ab)ng'  tbe  inner 
edg"e.  Fruit  a  membranous  indebiscent  utricle  enclosed  in  or  resting- 
on  tbe  persistent  periantb.  Seed  usuany  vertical,  orbicular  or  ovate 
and  compressed ;  testa  crustaceous  or  meml)ranous.  Embryo  curved 
or  annubir,  enclosing-  a  mealy  albumen. — Herbs  usuaHy  small  and 
mucb  brancbed.  Leaves  opposite  or  rarely  alternate,  entire,  accom- 
panied  by  smaU  scarious  stipules  or  connected  by  a  raised  Hne  or 
narrow  membrane.  Flowers  smaH,  in  axinary  or  terminal  cymes, 
sometimes  reduced  to  dense  cHisters  or  rarely  soHtary.  Bracts  smaH, 
usuaHy  scarious ;  bracteoles  only  under  soHtary  flowers  or  tbe  terminal 
flower  of  tbe  cymes, 

A  small  Order,  widely  dispersed  over  the  tcmperate  and  cooler  regions  of  the  globe, 
more  rare  within  the  tropics  and  there  cliiefly  in  monntainous  or  sandy  districts.  The 
only  Anstraiian  gcnus  is  common  to  both  tbe  nortliern  and  southern  extratropical  re- 
gions  ofthe  Old  World.  The  Order  is  undi.stinguishable  from  Amarantaceae  by  any  posi- 
tive  character,  differing  chiefiy  in  tho  stipnles  or  connecting  bnes  of  the  leaves  liivc 
those  of  Caryopbylleae.  The  teeth  or  lobes  intervening  between  the  stamens  (staminodia), 
whicli  in  Amarantaceaj  are  exceedingly  thin  and  transparent,  are  in  Paronychiacea;  very 
various,  sometimes  thin  and  transparent,  sometimes  filiform  or  developed  into  stamens 
(in  the  European  Scleranthi)  or  into  petals  (in  Corrigiola) ;  in  both  Orders  they  are 
frequeutly  deficient. 

1.  SCLERANTHUS,  Linn. 
(jMniarum,  Forst.) 

Periantb-tube  as  long-  as  tbe  lobes,  somewbat  enlarg-ed  and  bardened 
after  flowering-.  Stamens  5  or  fewer,  opposite  tbe  lobes,  connected  by 
a  membrane  or  raised  Hne  at  tbe  moutb  of  tbe  periantb-tube,  witb  or 
witbout  intervening-  teetb  or  fllaments,  or  in  species  not  AustraHan 
perfect  stamens.  Styles  2,  slender.  Fruit  a  membranous  utricle 
enclosed  in  the  periantb-tube. — SmaH  densely  brancbed  berbs.  Leaves 
opposite,  narrow,  connected  by  a  raised  Hne  or  sbeatbing-  membrane. 


Scleranthus.]  xcviii.   rARONYCHiACE^,  259 

without  stijmles.     Flowers  solitary  or  several  together,  sessile  or  nearly 
so  within  a  pair  of  scarious  bracts  at  the  end  of  axillary  peduncles. 

The  gemis  is  represented  by  a  few  species  in  Europe,  temperate  and  subtropical  Asia 
and  northern  Airica.  Of  the  foiir  Aiistralian  specics  one  is  also  in  New  Zealand,  the 
three  others  are  endemic.  Tiie  specimens  of  this  genus  from  the  Melbourne  herbarium 
have  been  accidentally  omitted  from  tliose  sent  over  to  me  for  examination,  but  have 
been  fully  described  by  F.  Jlueller  in  the  Piants  of  the  Colony  of  Victoria,  i.  214  to 
216. 

Leaves  narrow-linear,  not  pungent.     Flowcrs  green,  not  above  1  liue 
loiig. 

Flowers  solitary.     Stamen  1 1.   <S'.  mniaroides. 

Flowers  2  together.     Stamen  1 2.  ^^S'.  hljiorm. 

Flowers  several  together.     Stameus  2 3.  /S.  diander. 

Leaves  rather  broader,  rigid  and  pungent-pointed.    Flowers  scarious, 

2  liiies  long,  2  or  several  together.     Stamens  5,  with  intervening 

filaments 4.  S.  pungms. 

1.  S.  mniaroides,  F.  Muell.  Pl.  Vict.  i.  215,  t.  12.  A  perennial 
with  densely  branched  decumbent  stems  of  3  to  4  in.,  resembling" 
S.  Mfionis  both  in  habit  and  foliage.  Leaves  linear,  scarcely  acute, 
entire,  2  to  4  hnes  long'.  Peduncles  at  first  very  short,  long-er  than 
the  leaves  when  in  fruit  as  in  S.  biflorus,  but  never  bearing  more 
than  a  single  flower,  which  is  sessile  between  2  minute  broad  concave 
bracts.  Perianth  scarcely  above  ^  hne  long  when  in  flower,  nearly  1 
line  when  in  fruit,  the  tube  then  ovoid  and  thickened,  crowned  by  4  or 
5  short  herbaceous  lobes  not  enlarg-ed.  Stamen  1,  inserted  opposite 
one  of  the  lobes  in  a  notch  in  an  annular  membrane  at  the  mouth  of 
the  tube.  Fruit  of  S.  Mflorus. — Mninrum  si/i[/uli//orum,  F.  Muell.  in 
Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  13  and  in  Hook.  Kew.  Journ.  viii.  69. 

Victoria.  Glacier  ranges  of  the  Australian  Alps,  not  descending  below  5000  ft., 
F.  Mueller. 

2.  S.  biflorus,  Ilook.  f.  Fl.  N.  Zeal.  i.  74  and  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  42.  A  low 
tufted  perennial,  with  short  decumbent  stems  forming  dense  masses  of 
a  few  inches  diameter  or  rarely  looser  and  lengthening  to  6  in.,  gla- 
brous  or  with  a  minute  pubescence  on  the  branches.  Leaves  crowded, 
narrow-iinear,  acute,  entire  or  minutely  scabrous,  serrulate,  mostly  3 
to  4  lines  long.  Peduncles  axillary,  at  first  ver}'  short  and  sometimes 
remaining  so,  but  more  frequently  lengthening'  before  or  after  flowering* 
and  exceeding  the  leaves  when  in  fruit,  each  bearing  2  small  flowers 
sessile  within  a  pair  of  ovate  acute  concave  bracts,  and  one  of  the 
flowers  (the  latest  in  expanding)  with  a  pair  of  smaller  bracteoles. 
Perianth  when  in  flower  i  to  |  line  long,  with  4  or  5  herbaceous  lobes 
and  a  single  stamen  opposite  one  of  the  lobes  inserted  in  a  scarcely 
prominent  annular  membrane  at  the  mouth  of  the  tube.  Fruiting- 
perianth  nearly  1  hne  long,  the  hardened  tube  ovoid,  almost  closed  by 
the  staminal  membrane,  crowned  by  the  unenlarged  persistent  lobes 
and  enclosing  the  membranous  utricle. — F.  MuelL  Pl.  Vict.  i.  214 , 
Difoca  inuscosa,  Banks  in  Ga^rtn.  Fr.  ii.  196,  t.  126;  Mniarum  Uflorum, 
Forst.  Gen.  2,  t.  1 ;  R.  Br.  Prod.  412  ;  DC.  Prod.  iii.  378  ;  M.  pcdun- 
culatum,  Labill.  Pl.  Nov.  IIoll.  i.  8,  t.  2. 

s2 


260  xcviii.  PARONYCHiACEiE.  [Sclerauthus. 

I^.  s.  Wales.  Blue  Mountains,  Iliss  AtJcinson ;  Ben  Lomond,  Mount  Mitchell 
and  sources  of  Clarence  river,  Beckler,  {F.  Mueller),  I  have  seen  none  of  these  spe- 
cimens. 

Victoria.  Abundant  on  the  alpine  and  suhalpine  plateaux  and  valle^-s  throughout 
the  chain  ofthe  snowy  alps,  descending  to  3000  or  rarely  to  2000  ft.,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Fort  Dahymple,  B.  Brown ;  common  on  dry  grassy  pastures  on  stones, 
&€.,  /.  D.  Ilooker. 

The  species  is  also  in  New  Zealand.  Minarum  fasciculatum,  R.  Br.  Prod.  412, 
Hook.  lc.  Pl.  t.  283,  DC.  Prod.  iii.  378,  or  ISderanthus  fasckulatus,  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm. 
i.  42,  appears  to  be  rather  a  state  of  the  plant  with  the  peduncles  remaining  shorter 
than  the  leaves  than  a  distinct  variety. 

3.  S.  diander,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  412.  A  perennial  with  a  densely 
tufted  almost  woody  stock  and  rnuch  branched  erect  or  decumbent 
stems  of  2  to  4  in.  Leaves  crowded,  linear,  very  acute  but  not  pun- 
g-ent,  2  to  3  lines  long\  Flowers  several  tog-ether,  sessile  in  little  heads 
shortly  pedunculate  in  the  upper  axils  or  at  the  end  of  the  branches. 
Bracts  very  acute,  the  outer  ones  leafy  often  longer  than  the  flowers, 
the  inner  ones  smaller,  one  to  each  ilower  or  2  to  the  terminal  one  of 
each  branch  of  the  head  or  cyme.  Perianth  about  1  hne  long-,  with 
5  obtuse  scarious  lobes  as  long-  as  the  tube,  sHghtly  enhirg-ed  in  fruit. 
Stamens  2,  the  filaments  slig-htly  dilated,  the  connecting-  membrane 
irreg-ular  or  obsolete.— DC.  Prod.  iii.  378 ;  Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm,  i.  42  ; 
F.  MuelL  PL  Vict.  L  215. 

N.  S.  'Wales.     Argyle  County,  Backhouse. 

Victoria.  Subalpine  meadows  through  most  ramifications  of  the  Australian  alps, 
F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dabymple,  B.  Brown ;  dry  banks,  pastures,  &c.,  Launceston, 
Gunn. 

F.  Mueller  mcntions  a  desert  variety  flowering  the  first  year,  along  the  Murray  and 
Wimmera  rivers  and  Lake  Alexandrina,  which  1  have  not  seen. 

4.  S.  piingens,  E.  Br.  Prud.  412.  A  densely  tufted  or  much- 
branched  })erennial,  larger  and  more  rigid  than  any  other  species,  at- 
taining-  6  in.  Leaves  very  rigid  and  pungent-pointed,  linear  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  \to\  in.  long.  Peduncles  in  the  upper  axils  or  terminal, 
very  short,  bearing-  a  head  of  several  sessile  flowers.  Bracts  lanceolate, 
pung^ent-pointed,  shorter  than  the  flowers.  Perianth  about  2  lines 
long-,  the  lobes  lanceolate,  very  acute,  longer  than  the  tube,  scarious  at 
least  at  the  margin.  Stamens  5,  the  filaments  filiform,  opposite  the 
perianth-lobes  and  alternating  with  as  many  filiform  or  flattened  stami- 
nodia  as  long-  as  the  stamens.  Ovary  tapering-  into  a  rather  long*  beak. 
— DC.  Prod.  iii.  378;  F.  Muell.  Pl.  Vict.  i.  210. 

Victoria.     Barren  ridges  and  wastes  of  the  north-western  district,  F.  3Iuellcr. 

S.  A.ustralia.  Memory  Cove,  B.  Brown ;  Murray  Scrub,  Flinders'  Eange  and 
Speiicer's  Gulf,  F.  Mueller. 

\^.  Australia  ?  King  George's  Sound,  iZeri.  JTooAer.,  but  possibly  sonie  mistake 
in  the  statiou. 

1  have  not  seen  any  of  F.  Muelh;r's  specimens. 


XCIX.    POLYOONACE.E. 


261 


Order  XCIX.    POLYGONACE^. 

Perianth-scgrnents  6,  5  or  fewer,  free  or  shortly  united  at  the  base, 
imbricate  in  the  bud  and  more  or  less  in  2  rows,  regular  and  equal  or 
the  inner  ones  enhirg-ed.  Stamens  variable  in  number,  usually  9,  8,  6 
or  fewer,  alternate  with  the  perianth-segments  or  having-  no  definite 
relation  to  them ;  anthers  with  2  parallel  cells.  Ovary  free,  with  a 
sing-le  erect  orthotropous  ovule.  Styles  or  style-branches  2,  3  or  rarely 
more,  the  stig-mas  terminal,  capitate  or  dilated,  entire  or  fring-ed.  Fruit 
a  small  seed-like  nut,  usually  with  as  many  ang-les  as  styles,  enclosed  in 
or  scarcely  protruding' from  the  persistent  perianth.  Seed  erect  with  a 
membranous  testa.  Embryo  in  a  mealy  albumen,  straig-ht  and  central 
or  more  frequently  curved  and  lateral ;  radicle  superior. — Herbs  shrubs 
woody  chmbers  or  rarely,  in  species  not  Australian,  trees.  Leaves 
alternate.  Stipules  usually  thin  and  scarious,  brown  or  silvery,  forming' 
a  sheath  or  ring-  round  the  stem.  Flowers  small,  herbaceous  or  coloured, 
chistered  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  or  within  small  sheathing-  bracts  or 
even  without  bracts  along'  the  rhachis  of  simple  or  paniculate  spikes  or 
racemes,  without  bracteoles  on  the  pedicels. 

A  considerable  Onler  dispersed  over  every  part  of  the  globe.  Of  the  four  Australiaa 
genera,  two  have  a  very  wide  distribution  especially  in  teniperate  regions  of  both  the 
New  and  the  Old  World,  another  extends  through  New  Zealand  to  Antarctic  and  Andine 
America,  the  fourth  belongs  to  the  Mediterranean  and  South  African  regions  of  the  Old 
Worid,  and  may  possibly  be  of  recent  introduction  into  Austraiia. 

Perianth-hegments    6,  the  3    inner    ones    closing  over  the    fruit. 

Stamens  6.      Styles  3.     Stigmas  fringed. 
Fruiting  perianth  hard,  with  a  3-angled  tube,  the  outer  segments 

spreading  and  spinescent,  the  inner  short  and  erect    .     .      .     .1.  Emex. 
Fruiting  perianth  ■with  the  outer  segments  sniall  and  recurved, 

tlie  inner  enlarged  and  chised  over  the  fruit 2.  Rumex. 

Perianth-segments  5,  nearly  equal.     Stamens  8  or  fewer. 

Flowers  mostly  heimaphrodite.     Styles  or  style-branches  2  or  3  ; 

stigmas  entire 3.  Polygondm. 

Flowers  more  or  less  dicecious.     Styles  or  style-branches  3;  stig- 

mas  more  or  less  fringed,  or  rarely  entire 4.  Muhlenbeckia. 

1.  EMEX,  Necker. 

Flowers  monoecious.  Male  fl. :  Perianth-segments  5,  equal,  spread- 
ing'.  Stamens  4  to  6.  Pistil  rudimentary.  J^emale  fl.  :  Periantli  with 
a  triang"ular  turbinate  tube  and  6  lobes,  enhirg-ed  and  hardened  in  fruit, 
the  3  outer  lol)es  corresponding-  to  the  angles  of  the  tube  rigid  spreading- 
and  spinescent,  the  three  inner  ovate  erect  and  connivent  over  the 
Iruit.  Ovary  small,  3-angied,  styles  3,  short,  with  larg-e  fring-ed  stig'- 
mas. — Herbs.  Leaves  ovate.  Stipules  brown  and  scarious,  sheathing" 
but  soon  loose  and  torn  or  jag^g-ed.  Flowers  in  whorl-like  clusters,  the 
females  axillary,  the  males  distant  on  axillary  peduncles,  the  lower 
clusters  including'  sometimes  a  few  females. 

Besides  tlie  Australian  species,  which  is  identical  with  a  South  African  one    and 


0(;o  xcix.  polyoonace.t:.  [Emex. 

perhaps  iiitrotliiceil  from  thence,  there  is  one  other  closely  aHied  to  it  from  the  Medi- 
terranean  region  o(  the  northern  hemisphere. 

1.  E.  australis,  Stcinh.  m  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  Scr.  2,  ix.  195,  t.  7.  Stems 
diffiise,  ratlier  tliick,  1  to  1|  ft.  lono-,  o-lal)rous  as  well  as  the  whole 
plant.  Leaves  on  long  petioles,  broadly  ovate,  very  obtuse,  truncate  or 
broadly  cordate  at  the  base,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Fruiting-  perianth  very 
hard,  trirpietrous,  4  to  5  lines  long-,  with  3  rather  long-  rigid  thick  spi- 
nescent  and  divaricate  lobes,  the  three  inner  ones  short,  broad,  erect, 
obtuse  or  mucronate. — Miq.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  625 ;  Meissn.  in  Linnsea 
xxvi.  303 ;  K  ccntrdpodium,  Meissn.  in  Linnaea  xiv.  490,  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
ii.  273,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  40. 

S.  Australia.     Ncar  Adelaide  and  Holdfast  Bay,  F.  Mueller. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd.  coll.  7i.  290;  Freiss,  n.  1895. 

A  coinmon  maritime  plant  in  S.  Africa,  differing  slightly  from  the  Mediterranean 
species  {E.  spinosa,  Campd.)  in  the  larger  fruiting  perianth  less  rugose,  the  spines- 
oent  segments  hmgcr,  and  the  inner  erect  ones  broadcr  and  more  rounded. 

2.  KUMEX,  Linn. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  unisexual.  Perianth  of  6  seg-ments,  the 
three  inner  ones  enlarg'ed  after  flowering-  and  closing*  over  the  fruit, 
the  three  outer  nuich  smaller  narrow  and  recurved.  Stamens  6, 
Styles  3,  shortly  filiform,  with  larg-e  fring-ed  stig-mas.  Nut  triang-ular, 
enclosed  in  the  persistent  perianth.  Embryo  lateral,  the  radicle  supe- 
rior. — Hcrbs  or  rarely,  in  species  not  Australian,  shrubs,  usually  g-labrous. 
Flowers  small,  herbaceous  or  the  males  petal-like,  all  often  turning  red, 
usually  on  rccurved  pedicels,  in  whorl-like  clusters,  either  axillary  or  in 
terminal  racemes  or  panicles.  Stipules  sheathing-,  scarious,  usually 
brown,  at  first  entire  but  almost  always  very  soon  torn  or  jag-g-ed. 

A  considerablo  genus,  widely  distributed  over  most  parts  of  the  globe,  but  more  espe- 
cially  in  temperate  regidus,  and  a  few  species  are  amongst  the  roadside  weeds  which 
the  most  readily  estabh'sh  themselves  in  new  countries.  Of  the  8  species  here  enume- 
rated,  three  are  certainly  and  a  fourth  possibly  introduccd  from  Europe  or  South  Afiica, 
the  remaining  fbur  appear  to  be  endemic. 
Flowers  all  or  mnstly  hcrmapliroJite. 

Inner  periatith-segments  witli  entire  margins,  one  or  all  bcar- 
ing  a  tubercle  on  the  midrib. 
Inner  pcriantli-segments  broad,   mostly  cordatc.     Panicle 

deuse  with  short  crowded  branches 1.  B.crispus. 

Inncr  perianth-segments  narrow.     Panicle  witli  elongated 

branches,  the  clusters  of  flowers  distant 2.  M.  conglomeratus, 

Inner  perianth-segments  bordered  by  long  teeth. 

Flowerclusters  distant  along  the  branches,  withont  lloral 
ieaves  except  to  the  lower  ones. 
Teeth  of  the  inner  perianthsegments  five,  with  revolute 

points       3.  ^.  Brownii. 

Teeth  of  the  inner  perianthsegments  rigid  and  straight 

or  rarely  curved  at  the  point 4l.   R.  pulcher. 

Floral  leaves  all  longer  than  tlie  fiowers. 

Panicle  very  much  divaricately  branched.  Clusters  few- 
flowercd.  Fruitiiig  perianth  rather  hirge,  without 
tubercles b.  R.  dumosus. 


liumex.]  xcix.  polygonace.e.  263 

Branches  erect.     Flowers  numerous  and  very  small  in 
dense   clusters.     Fruiting  perianth  small,  with  a  tu- 

bercle  on  eacli  segmenl        6.  B.  halophilus. 

Flowers  monoecious.     ytem.s  mostly  siniple,    the  upper  clusters 
malcs,  olten  without  floral  leaves,  the  lower  clustcrs  fomales, 

mostly  axillary 1 .  R.  hidens. 

Flowers    dioecious.     Small    plant,   with    nanow  Jeaves    mostly 

sagittate.     Stipules  silvery-shining 8.  i?-  acetosella. 

Besides  the  above,  I  find  reference  to  a  Ilume.v  cri/.staUinus,  as  described  by  Lange 
in  the  Index  of  seeds  of  the  Garden  of  Copeiihagen  for  the  year  1861,  irom  plants 
raised  from  seeds  reccived  from  F.  Mueller.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  a  copy  of  the 
seed-catalogue  for  that  year,  and  am  quite  Tinacquainted  witli  the  plant  in  question, 
which,  if  really  Australian,  is  probably  identical  with  some  one  of  those  above  enumerated. 

1.  R.  crispus,  Linn. ;  3£eissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  44.  A  perennial 
witli  a  tliick  rhizome,  and  erect  furrowed  stems  2  to  3  ft.  high,  the 
branches  few  and  sliort.  Radical  leaves  narrow,  usually  6  to  8  in.  long-, 
much  unduhite  and  crisped  at  the  edg-es,  the  upper  ones  smaller,  passing- 
gTadually  into  bracts.  Flower-clusters  numerous,  and  vvhen  in  fruit 
much  crowded  into  a  long*  narrow  and  dense  terminal  panicle.  Inner 
seg'ments  of  the  fruiting-  perianth  broadly  ovate,  entire,  2  to  3  lines 
long-,  with  a  coloured  tubercle  on  the  midrib, 

N.  S.  TVales.     Hunter's  river,  Oldfield. 

Victoria.     Un  roadsides  about  Melbourne,  Adamson,  F.  Mueller. 

S.   Australia.     Barker  town,  F.  Miieller. 

Common  in  Europe  and  temperate  Asia,  and  now  naturalized  in  many  other  parts  of 
the  glcbe.  The  Australian  specimens,  like  others  grown  in  warm  and  dry  climates, 
have  tubercles  on  all  three  inner  perianth-segments.  More  northern  specimens  have 
them  frequentiy  only  on  one  segment  of  each  perianth. 

2.  R.  conglomeratus,  Mtirr. ;  Meissn.  in  BC.  P/'0(Z.  xiv.  49.  An 
erect  perennial  of  2  or  3  ft.  more  branched  than  B.  crispus.  Radical 
leaves  on  loug-  petioles,  mostly  acute,  rounded  or  even  cordate  at  the 
base,  sometimes  8  to  10  in.  long,  the  upper  ones  smaller.  Panicle  with 
long-  rather  spreading-  branches,  the  clusters  of  flowers  distinct  or  dis- 
tant  even  when  in  fruit.  Fruiting-  perianth  smtiller  than  in  R.  crispus, 
the  inner  segiuents  narrow-ovate,  entire,  with  an  oblong-  tubercle  on 
the  midrib  of  each. — B.  acutus,  Sm.  and  some  others. 

Queeusland.     About  Brisbane,  C.  Stuart. 
N.  S.  'Wales.     Port  Jackson,  Woolls. 
Victoria.     About  Melbourne,  F.  Mueller. 

Like  H.  cris/ms,  this  species  is  indigenous  in  Europe  and  temperate  Asia,  and  is  now 
become  naturalized  in  many  other  parts  of  the  globe. 

3.  R.  Brownii,  Campd.  Monofjr.  Rum.  81.  A  perennial  with  a  thick 
rhizome  and  erect  siniple  or  slig-htly  branched  stems  of  1  to  2  ft.  Ra- 
dical  and  lower  leaves  on  long-  petioles,  often  cordate  or  hastate,  oblong- 
and  obtuse,  the  stem-leaves  mostly  hanceolate  and  acute,  the  floral  ones 
reduced  to  small  bracts  or  quite  deficient.  Clusters  remote,  many- 
flowered,  forming-  long-  simple  or  slightly-branched  racemes,  tlie  fruit- 
ing-  pedicels  slender  or  thick,  1  to  3  lines  long-.  Inner  seg-ments  of  the 
fruiting-  perianth  broadly  triang-ular,  IJ  to  2  lines  long-,  bordered  on 
each  side  by  4  to  G  bristles,  much  hooked  or  almost  invohite  at  the  end, 


264  xcix.   POLYOONACE/E.  [Rnmcx. 

the  midrih  prominent  but  without  anv  distinct  tubercle. — Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  61;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tnsin.  i.  805;  H.Jmbriatus,  R.  Br. 
Prod.  4-21  not  of  Poir. 

Queensland.     r!ocklKinipton,  O^ Shanexy. 

KT.  S.  'Wales.  I'ort  Jackson,  R.  Broicn.  Woolls;  Newcastle  everywhere  where 
6hei>p  hivc  been,  Leichhardt :  IMacloay  rivcr,  Bccl.ler. 

Victoria.     Plenty  river,  i*^.  Mueller  ;  Wendu  Vale,  Bobertson. 

Tasmania.     Abundant  in  marshy  phices,  Circuhir  Head,  &c.,  /.  D.  Hooher. 

S.  Austialia.  Adelaide  and  Torrens  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Kangaroo  island,  Hin- 
zenrode. 

4.  R.  pulcher,  Linn.;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  58.  Stems  erect, 
short  below  the  inilorescence,  the  flowerinp*  branches  very  spreading", 
forming-  a  broad  panicle  of  above  1  ft.  Rndical  and  lower  leaves  on 
long"  petioles,  oblong-hmceolate  or  ahnost  linear,  2  to  above  6  in.  long", 
sHghtly  crisped  on  the  marg-ins,  often  contracted  in  the  middle  and 
obtuse  or  cordate  at  the  1)ase,  the  lower  floral  leaves  linear  and  some- 
times  above  1  in.  k)ng-,  all  the  others  reduced  to  small  bracts  or  obso- 
lete.  Chisters  distant,  tbe  flowers  more  numerous  than  in  E.  dumosits, 
less  so  than  in  It  Brownii.  Pedicels  shorter  or  longer  than  the  perianth. 
Inner  segunents  of  the  fi-uiting"  perianth  hmceolate  or  triangiilar,  2  to  3 
lines  long",  with  a  rig-id  point  and  2  or  3  rig-id  subulate  teeth  on  each 
side,  straight  or  rarely  shg-htly  hooked  at  the  extremity,  the  midrib 
bearing-  a  prominent  callous  tubercle. — R.  oxysepalns,  Meissn.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  625  ;  R.  Drummondii,  Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  ii.  272  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  61. 

Victoria?     Near  Melhourne,  Adamson,  Bohertson  (apechnens  in  flower  onlyj. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond.  n.  11,  108,  207,  703  ;  Breiss,  n.  1357  ;  Kalgan  river, 
Oldfield ;  N.  of  Stirling  range,  F.  Mueller. 

Thc  species  is  common  in  a  great  part  of  Europe,  Western  Asia,  and  Northern  Africa, 
extending  to  South  Africa,  and  possibly  introduced  from  thence  into  West  Australia.  The 
Melbourne  specimens,  as  well  those  above  quotcd  as  those  of  F.  Mueller,  correspond- 
ing  to  others  previously  sent  to  London  jind  ilescribed  by  Meissner  as  B.  Muelleri  (in 
1)C.  IVod.  xiv.  61),  are  not  far  enough  advanced  to  deterniine  accurately,  and  may  be- 
long  to  a  luxuriant  form  either  of  B.pulcher  or  of  B.  dumosus.  Tlie  lower  ieaves  are 
sometimes  10  in.  long. 

5.  R.  dumosus,  A.  Cunn.  ;  Mc.tsn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  62.  "A  di- 
varicate  bushy  ])lant"  spreadiug-  to  2  or  3  ft.,  the  flowering-  branches 
Avhen  in  an  advanced  state  numerous  intricate  flexuose  and  dichotomous. 
Lower  leaves  long-,  but  not  seen  perfect,  tlie  upper  ones  small,  lanceo- 
late,  acuminate,  but  all  even  the  uppermost  floral  ones  long-er  than 
the  flowers.  Clusters  distant,  composed  of  very  few,  often  only  2  or 
3  flowers,  the  pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-,  sometimes  hardened  after  the 
fall  of  the  fruit.  Inner  segments  of  the  fruiting-  perianth  about  2  hnes 
long-,  rigid  acutc  and  prominently  reticulate,  without  tubercles,  bordered 
by  rig-id  subuhite  ahnost  spinescent  teeth  not  hooked,  the  small  outer 
seg-ments  sometimes  muricate  on  the  keel. — B.  Brownii,  Schlecht.  in 
Linmca.  xx.  576  (from  the  descr.),  not  of  Campd. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Liverpool  plains,  and  plains  subject  to  inundation  on  the  Cujeegong 
and  Goulburn  rivers,  A.  Cunningham. 

S.  Australia.    Torrena  river,  F.  Mueller. 


Jiui/WX.]  XCIX.     POLYaONACK.E.  265 

6.  R.  halophilus,  F.  MueU.  Fragm.  iv.  48.  An  erect  branching- 
lierb  of  about  1  ft.,  some  specimens  appearing-  annual.  Leaves  iinear 
or  lanceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  the  lower  ones  on  long'  petioles  some- 
times  cordate  at  the  base  and  2  to  3  or  even  4  in.  long,  the  upper  ones 
small,  but  all  or  nearly  all  longer  than  the  flowers.  Flowers  very 
small  and  very  numerous,  in  dense  axillary  chisters  crowded  on  the 
gTeater  part  of  the  phmt.  Inner  segments  of  the  fruiting  perianth 
sometimes  under  1  line  long,  with  long  fine  points  and  marginal  teeth, 
sometimes  rather  longer  and  broader  with  shorter  and  more  rigid 
points  and  teeth,  always  with  a  very  prominent  ovoid  tubercle  on  the 
midrib. 

N.  Australia.     Gulf  of  Carpcntaria,  i^.  J/iteZfer. 

Queensland.     Fliiiders  and  Buniett  rivers,  F.  Maeller ;  Darling  Downs,  Lau. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Darling  river,  Goodwin  and  Dallachy,  Mrs.  Ford ;  Murray  river, 
F.  Mueller. 

This  plant  has  entirely  the  aspect  of  the  European  B.  maritimus,  Linn.,  and  may  be 
a  variety  only.  The  teeth  of  the  frniting  perianth-segments  although  fine  and  long  are 
however  always  much  less  so  than  in  the  uorthern  plant. 

7.  R.bidens,  R.  Br.  Prod.  421.  A  perennial  with  a  thick  stem,rooting 
at  the  joints  and  creeping  in  the  mud,  throwing  up  numerous  erect 
thick  flowering  branches  of  1  to  2  ft.  Leaves  hxnceolate,  the  lower 
ones  often  8  to  10  in.  long,  rather  broad  and  obtuse,  the  upper  ones 
narrower  and  more  acute,  passing-  into  the  small  ahnost  Hnear  floral 
leaves.  Flowers  densely  chistered,  unisexual,  btit  the  two  sexes  mixed 
in  the  same  chisters,  the  lower  ones  chiefly  females  the  upper  ones 
chiefly  or  entirely  males.  Perianth-seg-ments  at  the  time  of  iiowering 
almost  petaloid  and  not  very  unequah  Inner  segments  of  the  fruiting' 
perianth  variable  in  size,  usually  2  to  3  hnes  long,  very  broad,  with 
1  or  2  rigid  teeth  on  eaeh  side  near  the  base,  the  midrib  more  or  less 
thickened  into  a  tubercle. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  73 ;  Hook.  f. 
FL  Tasm.  i.  305. 

Victoria.     On  the  Yarra  about  Melbourne,  Harvey,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrymple  and  Lagdon  Viea.ch.,  B,.  Brown;  common  in  marshes 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  ishmd,  J.  D.  Hooher. 

S.  Australia.  Murray  river,  Behr.;  near  Morunda,  F.  Mueller ;  with  a  small 
starved,  small-flowered  variety. 

*8.  R.  acetosella,  Linn. ;  Meissn.  in  BC.  Prod.  xiv.  63.  A  slender 
plant  with  a  creeping  rhizome  and  erect  stems  from  a  few  in.  to  nearly 
1  ft.  high,  often  turning  red.  Leaves  narrow-lanceohate  or  hnear, 
some  or  all  hastate  or  sagittate  at  the  base ;  stipules  usually  silvery 
and  very  thin.  Flowers  small,  dioecious,  in  slender  terminal  panicles, 
the  chisters  nmnerous,  few-flowered,  without  floral  leaves.  Perianth- 
seg^ments  broad,  entire,  not  very  imequal,  the  inner  ones  in  the  fruiting* 
perianth  closed  over  the  seed  but  scarcely  enlarged. 

A  plant  probably  of  European  and  Asiatic  oricrin,  now  conimon  in  most  tcmperafe 
and  subtropical  regions  of  tlu-  ulobe,  and  evidently  inlroduced  onlyinto  Austi-alia,  where 
it  has  appeared  in  N.  S.  'Wales,  Victoria,  S.  Australia,  and  TV.  Australia. 
It  is  in  K.  13rown's  coUection  from  the  neiglibourhoodof  Port  Jaclvson,  bnt  omitted  from 
the  Prodromus  as  an  introduced  plant. 


26G  XCIX.    POLYGONACEiE.  [Pull/ffOHiim. 


3.  POLYGONUM,  Linn. 

Flowers  usually  herniaplirodite.  Periantli  of  5,  rarely  fewer,  seg'- 
ments,  all  equal  or  tlie  2  or  3  outer  ones  enlarged.  Stamens  5  to  8, 
varying-  often  in  tlie  same  species.  Styles  or  style-brauches  2  or  3, 
with  entire  terminal  stig-mas.  Nut  flattened  or  triang-ular,  enclosed  in 
or  surrounded  by  the  persistent  perianth.  Embryo  kiteral,  more  or 
less  curved,  the  radicle  superior. — Herbs  var^-ing-  much  in  habit. 
Stipules  in  the  majority  of  species  thinly  scarious,  closely  sheathing-, 
the  lower  portion  adnate  to  the  petiole,  the  g-reater  part  connate  within 
it;  in  the  section  .If/cM/rt/vVi  looser  jagged  and  silvery.  Flowers  small, 
pale  gTeen  or  red  with  Avhite  edg-es,  either  clustered  or  rarely  solitary 
in  the  axils,  or  in  little  chisters  within  a  sheathing-  bract  arranged  in 
simple  or  panicuhite  spikes. 

A  large  genus,  witli  almost  the  cosniopolitan  range  of  tlie  Oider.  Of  the  thirteen 
Austrahan  species,  four  are  common  European  species  extending  mnre  or  less  generally 
over  the  temperate  and  suhtropical  regions  of  the  glohe,  five  are  distrihuted  over  the 
warmer  portions  of  Asia,  one  or  two  of  them  heing  also  found  in  South  America,  an- 
other  appears  to  he  also  S.  American  altliouf;li  not  yet  identitied  with  any  Asiatic 
species ;  one  more  extends  at  least  to  New  Caledonia,  and  one  to  New  Zealand ;  the 
only  remaining  one  may  be  endemic,  although  not  yet  perhaps  sufi&ciently  known. 

Sect.  1.  Avicularia. — Floicers  in  axillary  clusters.     Stems  prostrate. 

Stems  elongated  and  wiry.     Perianth  about  1|  lines  long.     Nut 

minutely  granular-striate 1.  P.  avicidare. 

Stems  short  aiid  compact.  Perianth  under  1  line  long.  Nut 
smooth  and  shining 2.  P.  plebeium. 

Sect.  2.  Echinocaulon. — Flowers  in  very  sliort  spikes  on  axillary  dichotomous 
peduncles.     Stems  umally  scramhling,  ivith  short  reversed  bristles  on  the  anyles. 

Single  Australian  species Z.  P.  striyosuin. 

Sect.  3.  Persicaria. — Flowers  spicafe,  the  sptJ^es  in  terminal  jyanicles,  or  rarely 
solitary  and  termiind-  or  axillary.  Enihryo  curved  towards  the  edge  of  the  cotyledons. 
Kutjlat  or  convex  on  hoth  sides  or  triquetrous. 

Spikes  solitary,  mostly  axillary.     Stem  prostrate 4.  P.  j^rostratum. 

Spikes  terminal,  long,  slender  and   interrupted,  usually  siugle. 

Stem  slender,  erect.     Perianth  densely  glandular-dotted     .     .     5.  P.  hydropiper. 
Spikes  usually  continuous  and  2  or  more  in  a  terminal  panicle. 
Perianth  witiiout  any  or  with  few  glandular  dots.     Stem 
erect  or  ascendirig. 
Stipules  bordered  hy  hristles  usually  long,  at  lcast  the  upper 
ones. 

Glahrous.     Spikes  few  and  slender G.  P.  minus. 

Stri,;ose-hirsiite.      Spikes    slender,    pcduncuhite.      Leaves 

nearly  sessile 7.  P.  suhsessile. 

Strigose-hirsute.       Spikes    compact,    on    short    peduncles. 

Bristles  of  the  stipules  very  long 8.  P.  harhatum. 

Stipules  trancate,  without  any  or  with  a  few  fine  short  cilia. 

Strigose-hirsnte.     Spikes  compact        {).  P.  articulatum. 

Glahrous  or  nearly  so 10.  P.  hqMthifolium. 

Cottony-white 11.  P  lanigerum. 


Pull/(fOnum.\  XCIX,    POLYGONACE.E.  207 

Sect.  4.  Amblygonon. — Floivers  spicate,  thesplkes  in  terminal  panicles.  Emhryo 
curved  towards  the  hack  of  the  cotyledons.  Nut  usmlly  Jiat  on  both  sides,  with  obtuse 
maryins.     Stems  taU  and  erect. 

Stipiiles,  at  least  thc  lower  ones,  dilated  and  green  at  the  top       .  12.    P.  orientale. 
Stipules  all  closely  sheathing  and  scarious  to  the  top 13.  P.  attenuatum. 

Muhlenbeclda  Cunninghamii  has  almost  the  styles  and  stigmas  of  Pvhjgonum,  but 
the  flowers  are  dioecious. 

Sect.  1.  AvicuLARiA,  Meissn. — Flowersin  axillary  clusters.  Stems 
(in  the  Australian  species)  pru.strate. 

1.  P.  aviculare,  Linn.  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  97.  A  glabrous 
annual,  much  branched  at  the  base,  sometimes  erect  or  ascending-  when 
young",  but  the  stems  soon  prostrate,  wiry,  extending-  to  1  or  2  ft.  or  even 
more.  Leaves  shortly  petiohite,  elliptical  oblong-  lanceolate  or  rarely 
linear,  the  larg-er  ones  above  1  in.  long-  but  mostly  smaller.  Stipules 
broad,  more  or  less  brown  at  the  base,  the  remainder  silvery  and  split 
into  finely  pointed  lobes.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary  or  in  clusters  of 
2  to  5,  very  shortly  pedicellate.  Fruiting-  perianth  above  1  line  long-, 
the  seg'ments  g-reen  in  the  centre,  white  on  the  margins.  Styles  3. 
Nut  triang-ular,  bkick  but  opaque  (not  shining-)  owing-  to  a  minute 
g'ranulation  visible  under  a  strong  lens. 

Victoria.     Near  Melbourne,  Adamson,  Hildebrand ;  Skipton,  Whan. 

S.  Australia.  Near  Adelaide,  F.  Mueller. 

W.  Australia,   Drummond,  n.  231. 

A  common  weed,  apparently  of  European  or  Asiatic  origin,  but  now  found  over  a 
great  part  of  the  globe,  especially  in  temperate  regions,  and  probably  iutroduced  only 
in  Australia. 

2.  P.  plebeium,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  420.  A  much  branched  prostrate 
annual,  much  more  compact  than  P.  aviculare,  and  rarely  above  1  ffc. 
long',  g'hibrous  or  the  branches  slig'htly  hoary.  Leaves  linear,  narrow- 
oblong'  or  slig-htly  spathulate,  rarely  above  ^  in.  long".  Stipules  as  in 
P.  aviculare  sliort  silvery  and  rag'g'ed  at  the  edg'es.  Flowers  very 
small,  in  clusters  of  2  to  5  in  the  axils  of  mostof  the  leaves.  Fruiting' 
perianth  under  1  line  long',  the  segments  g-reen,  with  a  narrow  white 
edg'e.  Nuts  triang'ular,  very  smooth  and  shining'. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  94  j  Benth.  Fl.  Hong-k.  287,  with  the  synonyms  there  adduced. 

Queensland.  Broad  Sound,  R.  Broicn ;  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cun- 
ningham,  F.  Mueller  and  others ;  Gilbert  river,  F.  Mueller;  Eockhampton,  0' Shanesy ; 
Wide  Bay,  Bidwill;  Kennedy  district,  Daintree. 

N.  S. '^Vales.  GlQniion,  Leichhardt ;  Murray  and  Darling  rivers,  X^aZZac/^y,  il/rs. 
Ford  and  others  ;   Stokes  Range  to  Cooper's  Creek,   Wheeler. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Wimmera,  Dallachy. 

S.  Australia.     Bugle  Range,  F.  Mueller ;  Cooper's  Creek,  Howitfs  Expedition. 

Exceedingly  common  all  over  tropical  Asia,  extending  into  Africa.  Very  near  P. 
aviculare,  but  amidst  all  its  variations  it  seems  to  me  ccmstantly  to  difier  from  that 
species  in  its  compact  habit  and  small  flowers,  and  in  the  nuts  always  smooth  and 
shining. 

Sect.  2.  EcHiNOCAULON,  Meissn. — Flowers  in  very  short  spikes  on 
axillary  dichotomous  peduncles.  Stems  usually  scrambling',  with  short 
reversed  bristles  on  the  ang-les. 


268  XCIX.     POLYQOXACEiE.  [Polt/ffOHUm. 

3.  P.  strigosum,  IL  Br.  Frod.  420.     Stems  weak,  erect  or  strag-- 

fling-,  2  to  3  ft.  long-,  with  reflexed  bristles  on  the  ang-les  of  the 
ranches  and  on  the  petioles  and  niidribs  of  the  leaves,  and  a  short 
glandular  pubescence  on  the  peduncles,  otherwise  the  whole  phint  gia- 
brous.  Leaves  petiohite,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  hastate  or  broadly 
sagittate  at  the  base,  the  larg-er  ones  2  to  4  in.  long-.  Stipules  sheath- 
ing-,  shortly  ciliate-toothed  or  entire.  Peduncles  axillary,  loosely 
dichotomous,  usually  long-er  than  the  leaves,  the  branches  terminating 
in  short  rather  dense  but  few^-ilowered  spikes.  Bracts  denticulate  and 
ciHate,  nearly  2  Hnes  long-.  Perianth-seg-ments,  about  1|  Hnes  long-, 
sHg-htly  enhirg-ed  wlien  in  fruit,  completely  enclosing-  the  smooth  nut. 
Style-branches  and  anaies  of  tlie  nut  more  fre(pientlv  3  than  2. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  134 ;  Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm.  i.  307 ;  P.  pcdun- 
cularc,  WaU.  ;   Meissn.  l.c.  133 ;   P.  muricatum,  Mcissn.  l.c. 

Queensland.  Erisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  A.Cunnlngham,  F.  Mueller ;  Rock- 
inghani  Ba}-,  DaUachy. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Broion,  WoolU;  Newcaslle,  Leichhardt ;  New 
England,  C.  Stuart ;  Hastings  and  Clarence  rivers,  Bechler  and  others. 

Victoria.     Ovens  and  Plcnty  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalryniple,  R.  Brown  ;  northern  parts  of  the  ishtnd,  /.  D.  Hooher  ; 
Launceston,  Gunn  ;  South  Esk  river,  C.  iStuai-t. 

The  species  extends  over  the  Archipelago  and  Eastern  India  to  S.  China,  varying  with 
the  spikes  dense  or  slender  and  interrupted,  and  with  the  pistils  2-merou8  or  3-raerous  on 
the  same  plant. 

Sect.  3.  Persicakia. — Flowers  spicate,  the  spikes  in  terminal 
panicles,  or  rarely  soHtary  and  terminal  or  axillary.  Embryo  curved  to- 
wards  the  edg-e  of  the  cotykHlons  (accumbent)  or  sometimes  obHque. 
]\ut  llat  or  convex  on  both  sides  or  triquetrous. 

4.  P.  prostratum,  P.  Br.  Prod.  419.  A  prostrate  branching-  pe- 
rennial,  often  woody  at  the  base  and  rooting-  at  the  lower  nodes,  ex- 
tending*  to  1  or  2  ft.,  sprinkled  with  slender  appressed  hairs  or  nearly 
g-labrous.  Leaves  lanceohite,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole  1  to  l^- 
or  rarely  2  in.  long-.  Stipules  sheathing',  ciHate  with  a  few  long-  hairs 
on  the  back  and  margins.  Spikes  shortly  pedunculate,  axinary  or  rarely 
terminal,  about  |-  in,  or  rarely  f  in.  long',  rather  dense.  Periiintli 
scarcely  1  Hne  long'  when  in  liower,  sHg-htly  enlarg-ed  afterwards. 
Stamens  5  or  6.  Style-branches  2,  not  enclosed  in  the  perianth,  lenti- 
cidar,  l)oth  sides  very  convex. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  110;  Hook. 
f.  Fl.  Tnsm.  i.  30?. 

Queensland.     Rockharnpton,  0'Shanesy. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Nepean  river,  R.  Brown,  Woolls ;  Ncw  England,  C.  Stuart; 
Argvle  oounty,  A.  Cvnningham. 

Victoria.  rjlcnolg  rivcr,  7?o7.)cr^so)! ;  Yarra,  Sandy  Creek,  Ballarat,  F.  Mueller ; 
]\Inri-ay  rivc^r,  llerrijvtt;  Eniu  Creck,   Wlian. 

Tasmania.  Tort  Dalryniple  and  Derwcnt  river,  R.  Bron-n  ;  not  uncorarnon  in  various 
parts  ot'  tlio  island,  J.  IJ.  Ilooktr. 

5.  Australia.     Noar  IMorunda,  F.  Mveller. 
W.  Australia,   Drummond,  Mh  coll.  n.  230. 
The  species  is  also  in  New  Zealand. 


Folygormm.]  xcix.  POLYGONACEiE.  269 

6.  P.  hydropiper,  Linn. ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  109.  A  slender 
erect  or  decumbent  <i'iabrous  annual,  1  to  2  ft.  liig'h.  Leaves  lanceo- 
late,  acuminate.  Stipules  slieathing",  rather  short,  ciliate  at  the  top. 
Spikes  slender  and  interrupted,  often  several  in.  long-,  solitary  or  nearly 
so  at  the  ends  of  the  stem  or  branches  and  often  nodding-.  Perianth 
and  often  the  hracts  also  dotted  with  promhient  g"h\nds.  Style-branches 
usually2.  Nuts  llat. — P.  grucUe,  R.  Br.  Prod.  419  j  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  109. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Port  Jacksoii,  B.  Broivn,  IVoolb ;  Hunter's  river,  Lckhhardt ; 
Clarence  river,  Beckler. 

Victoria.     Yarra-Yarra,  Rohertson,  F.  Mueller ;  Goulburn  river,  F.  Mueller. 

The  species  is  widely  difiused  over  Europe,  temperate  and  subtropical  Asia  and  North 
America  I  cau  perceive  no  differeuce  between  the  Australian  and  many  of  the  northern 
specimens. 

6.  P.  minus,  Iluds. ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  111.  Ilather  slender, 
erect  or  decumbent,  smaller  and  less  branched  than  P.  lapathifoUum, 
rarely  exceeding-  2  ft.,  quite  glabrous  in  the  typical  form.  Leaves  shortly 
petiolate,  lanceolate,  acuminate.  Stipules  closely  sheathing;,  the  marg-ins 
ciliate.  Spikes  1  to  l^  in.  long-,  few  in  a  terminal  panicle,  more 
slender  than  in  P.  lapathifoli^im,  much  less  so  than  in  P.  htjdropiper. 
Bracts  small,  naked  or  shortly  ciliate.  Perianth  small,  not  g-landular. 
Stamens  5  or  6.  Style-branches  2  or  3,  varying-  often  in  the  same 
spike,  more  frequently  3  than  2  in  the  Australian  specimens. — Hook. 
f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  306 ;  P.  dccipiens,  R.  Br.  Prod.  420  ;  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  104. 

Queensland.  Biisbane,  Burnett,  and  Bardekin  rivers,  P.  Mueller;  Moreton  island 
M'GilUvray ;  Rockhampton,  0'Shanesy;  Eockingham  Bay,  Dallaehy ;  in  the  inte- 
rior,  Mitc/iell. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson,  B.  Brown,  Woolls ;  Argyle  county,  Backhouse; 
Kew  England,  C.  Stuart. 

Victoria.  Murray  and  Yarra  rivers,  F.  Mueller,  Rohertson ;  Portland,  Allitt ; 
Emu  Creek,   Wlian. 

Tasmania.     Common  in  the  northern  parts  of  the  island,  J.  D.  Hooker. 

S.  Australia.     Murray  and  Torrens  rivers  and  Holdfast  Bay,  F.  MueUer. 

W.  Australia,  Drunimond,  n.  20 ;  Moore  river,  Oldfield. 

The  species  is  very  common  in  the  temperate,  subtropical,  and  even  tropical  regions 
of  the  Old  World,  and  varies  miich.  In  Australia  some  specimens  agree  with  the  com- 
monest  European  forius,  in  others,  chiefly  from  Queensland,  the  cilia  of  the  stipules  are 
longer,  there  are  a  few  small  strigose  hairs  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaves,  and  the 
pistil  is  almost  always  3-merous.  These  constitute  probably  (with  corresponding 
European  forms)  the  P.  serridatum,  Lag.  cited  from  Australia  and  New  Zealand  by 
Meissn.  in  D.C.  Prod.  xiv.  110. 

7.  P.  subsessile,  B.  Br.  Prod.  419.  A  perennial  with  an  almost 
woody  rhizome  and  erect  loosely  branched  stems  attaining-  2  or  3  ft. 
the  whole  plant  more  or  less  strig-ose  with  appressed  hairs,  short  on 
the  upper  side  of  the  leaves,  long-er  underneath.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  mostly  3  or  4  in.  long-,  contracted  into  a  very  short  petiole. 
Stipules  sheathing-,  much  long-er  than  the  petiole,  bordered  by  long- 
cilia.  Spikes  rather  slender,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  usually  2  to  4  on  long- 
peduncles  in  a  loose  terminal  panicle.     Perianth-seg-ments  petal-like, 


270  XCIX.    POLYGOXACE^,  [Poli/ffomim. 

not  g-Iandular.  Stamens  5.  Style-branches  2,  rather  lonor.  Nnt 
lenticular,  the  sides  very  convex. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  118  ; 
Ilook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  306. 

Queensland.  BiisLiine  river,  Moreton  Baj,  F.  Mueller,  C.  Stuart ;  Eockhampton, 
0'>!li(n)(tii/ ;  Ivdckingliam  Bay,  Dallachy. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Port  Jackson,  li.  Broxvn,  Woolls ;  New  England,  C.  Stuart. 

Victoria.     Goulburn,  Varra-Yarra,  and  Tara  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrymple,  i?.  Broicn ;  northern  parts  of  the  island,  J.  D. 
Iloiilcr. 

Tiie  spccies  appears  to  bc  also  in  New  Caledonia,  if  I  am  right  in  identifying  with 
it  Viellard's  n.  1075. 

8.  P.  barbatum,  Linn. ;  Mcissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  104.  Stems 
ascendiug'  or  erect,  g-labrous  or  nearlj  so,  2  to  3  h.  hig"h.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole  althoug-h  not  so  short  as  in 
P.  suhsessilc,  3  to  6  in.  long",  sprinkled  "with  appressed  hairs  never 
wanting"  on  the  midrib  underneath.  Stipules  sheatliing-  hairy,  outside, 
bordered  by  very  long-  cilia.  Spikes  in  the  common  form  compact,  1  to 
l^  in.  long*,  on  short  peduncles  in  a  narrow  terminal  panicle,  in  some 
Asiatic  varieties  drawn  out  and  slender.  Bracts  always  ciliate  on  the 
margin.    Stamens  5  or  G.    Style-branches  (alwa^^s  ?)  3,  Nut  triang-ular. 

Queensland.     Eoper  and  Burnett  rivers,  F.  Mueller ;  Port  Curtis,  M'Gillivray. 
The  species  is  common  in  tropical  Asia  and  Africa. 

9.  P.  articTilatum,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  420.  Erect  and  rather  stout,  the 
stenis  glabrous  below,  hirsute  in  the  upper  part  with  appressed  liairs. 
Leaves  hmceolate,  tapering-  into  long-  points  and  contracted  into  ratlier 
long-  petioles,  3  to  0  in.  long-,  hirsute  on  both  sides  with  appressed  hairs 
short  and  strig"ose  on  the  upper  surface,  long-er  and  more  silky  underneath, 
rig'id  on  the  margins.  Stipules  sheathing",  long*  and  truncate,  without 
any  or  only  with  few  very  short  marg-inal  cilia.  Spikes  few,  rather  dense, 
1  to  2  in.  long".  Bracts  shortl}' ciliate.  Styles2.  Nut  compressed,  the  sides 
rather  convex.  Curvature  of  the  embryo  in  the  two  seeds  examined  rather 
oblique  with  relation  to  the  cotyledons,but  more  accumbent  rhan  incum- 
bent. — Meissu.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv,  117;  P.  austrulc,  Spreng-.  Syst.  ii.  258. 

Queensland.     Broad  Sound  and  Shoalwater  Bay,  B.  Broivn. 

I  have  not  seen  this  in  any  other  collection,  and  have  not  been  able  to  match  it  with 
any  Asiatic  spccies.  The  habit  is  that  of  P.  barbatum  and  P.  glabrum,  difJiering  from 
the  former  in  the  want  of  the  long  cilia  or  bristles  to  the  stipules,  from  the  latter  in  the 
indumentum,  which  is  that  of  P.  subsessile,  from  which  it  is  removed  by  the  long 
petioles  and  the  want  of  cilia  to  the  stipules. 

10.  P.  lapathifolium,  Linn. ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  119.  Tall 
erect  and  alabrous,  except  sometimes  very  short  strigose  hairs  on  the 
margins  and  midrib  of  the  leaves,  and  in  some  varieties  a  very  slight 
hoariness  on  their  under  surface.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  3  to  6  in.  long-  or  even  larg-er,  contracted  into  a  petiole 
nsually  exceeding-  the  stipules,  the  g"landular  dots  of  the  under  surface 
more  conspicuous  than  in  many  species.  Stipules  sheathing",  without 
marg-inal  bristles  or  rarely  with  a  few  very  small  cilia.     Spikes  rather 


Polt/ffOHUm.]  XCIX.    PULYGOiVACEiE.  271 

slender,  from  iincler  1  to  above  2  in.  long-,  in  a  terminal  brancliing-  more 
or  less  leafy  panicle,  Bracts  small,  truncate  or  shortly  acuminate. 
Perianth,  at  least  the  outer  segnnents,  more  or  less  g-landular  and  the 
prominent  g-hmds  extending  sometimes  to  the  bracts  and  peduncles. 
Stamens  5  or  0.  Style  short  with  2  long-  branches.  Nut  very  flat, 
the  sides  concave  or  rarely  slightly  convex.  Radicle  curved  towards 
the  edge  of  the  cotyledons  (accumbent). — P.  nodosi/m,  Pers. ;  Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  118;  P.  fjlamhdosum,  R.  Br.  Prod.  419;  Meissn.  l.c. 
116 ;  P.  adrmphorum,  Spreng.  Syst.  ii.  258  ;  P.  elatius,  R.  Br.  l.c.  419 ; 
Meissn.  l.c.  121. 

Queensland.  BrisLane  river,  C.  Stuart ;  Nerkool  Creek,  Bowman ;  Armadilla, 
Barton. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  B.  Brown  and  otliers  ;  New 
England,  C.  Stuart  ;  Argyle  County,  A.  Ounningham ;  Darlina;  river,  3Irs.  Ford. 

Victoria.     From  the  Ulenelg  to  Gipps'  Land,  Bobertson,  F.  Mueller,  and  others. 

Tasmania.     Port  Dalrymple,  B.  Broicn. 

Common  in  the  teraperate  and  subtropical  regions  of  the  New  and  the  Old  World, 
especiaily  in  the  northern  hemisphere.  Tlie  B.  nodosum,  to  which  Meissner  refers  the 
Australian  specimens,  is  distinguished  by  him  froni  the  typical  P.  JrqjatJnfolhnn  chiefly 
by  the  oomparative  absence  of  glands  or  glandular-pubescence  on  the  pedimcles;  but  in 
this  respect  the  Australian  specimens  vary  as  much  as  the  European  ones.  Browri's 
B.  elatius  inckided  the  broad-leaved,  B.  f/landulosum  the  narrow-leaved  speciraens. 

11.  P.  lanigerum,  F.  Br.  Prod.  419.  Stems  erect,  slig-htly  branched, 
attaining  2  or  3  ft.,  the  whole  plant  white  with  a  close  woolly  or 
arachnoid  tomentum,  or  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves  and"  the 
lower  part  of  the  stem  at  length  glabrous.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate, 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  3  to  4  in.  long-  or  even  larger.  Stipules  sheath- 
ing-,  usually  long-,  bordered  by  few  fine  cilia.  Spikes  narrow  but  rather 
dense,  1  to  1|  in.  long,  several  in  a  terminal  panicle.  Bracts  short, 
denticulate-ciliate.  Perianth  often  glandular.  Style  short,  with  2  long 
branches.     Nut  flat. — Meissh.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  117. 

Queensland.     Burdekin  river,  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Hawkesbury,  B.  Brown ;  also  in  Leichhardt's  collection. 

Victoria.     Wheat  fields,  Suowy  river,    F.  Mueller. 

The  species  is  comraon  in  E.  India,  and  extends  to  S.  Africa.  Although  nearly 
allied  to  B.  lapathifoUum,  of  which  F.  Mueller  considers  it  as  a  variety,  it  appear.s 
constantly  to  differ  frora  the  var.  incanum  of  that  species,  in  the  abundance  of  the  white 
indumentum,  and  is  said  to  be  perennial  not  annual. 

Sect.  4.  Amblygonon,  Meissn. — Flowers  spicate,  the  spikes  in 
terminal  panicles.  Embryo  curved  towards  the  back  of  the  cotyledons 
(incumbent).  Stems  tall  and  erect.  Nuts  usually  flat  on  both  sides 
with  obtuse  margins. 

12.  P.  orientale,  Linn. ;  3f('i.ssn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  123.  An  erect 
softly  pubescent  or  hirsute  annual  of  2  to  5  ft.  Leaves  on  rather  lono- 
petioles,  ovate  or  the  upper  ones  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  3  to  6 
in.  long.  Stipules  very  hairy,  closely  sheathing-  and  scarious  at  the 
base,  but  all  except  the  uppermost  expanded  at  the  top  into  a  g-reen 
spreading-  limb.     Spikes  (especially  in  the  hirsute  form)  rather  slender, 


272  xcix.  POLYOONACE^.  [Poli/ffonuin. 

continuous  or  slightly  interrupted,  several  in  a  loose  terminal  panicle. 
Bracts  liairy  and  ciliate.  Flowers  ratlier  larg-e.  Stamens  usuallj  7. 
Stvle  witli  2  slender  branches.  Kut  flat  or  the  sides  convex,  the 
niar<'-in  obtuse.  Radicle  curved  towards  the  back  of  the  cotvledons. — 
R.  Br.  Prod.  420. 

Queensland.  Eockingham  Bay,  Ballachy ;  Rockhampton,  common  on  the  edges 
of  lagoons,  &c.,  JMiUaclii/,  0' Slianesij ,  Boicman ;  Archer's  station,  Leichhurdt ; 
Morelon  Bay,  C.  /Stuart. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Port  Jackson,  R.  Brown ;  Blue  Moiintains,   Woolls. 

Most  of  the  Australian  specimens  beh^ing  to  the  var.  pilosum,  Meissn.  (P.  jnlosum, 
Eoxb.),  which  extcnJs  over  E.  India  to  S.  China  and  which  I  ani  also  unahle  to  distin- 
guish  iVoui  thc  S.  American  P.  his^mhim.  H.  B.  K.,  or  at  least  froni  the  Brasilian  speci- 
mens  qiioted  and  figured  by  Meissner  in  Mart.  Fl.  Bras.  Polyg.  13.  t.  2,  in  which  I  find 
the  embryo  of  Amhhjgonon  aud  not  of  Persicaria.  Of  the  more  glabrous  broad-leaved 
variety,  with  shorter,  more  noddiiig  spikes,  considered  as  the  typical  Asiatic  plant,  1 
have  'seen  no  Australian  specimens  except  \Voolls's,  which  may  possibly  have  been 
introduced. 

13.  P.  attenuatum,  F.  Br.  Prod.  420.  A  tall  species,  very  nearly 
allied  to  P.  oricntalc,  the  stems  and  foHag-e  more  or  less  sprinkled  with 
rather  fine  ajjpressed  hairs,  hoary  wlien  young,  or  sometimes  nearly 
g-labrous.  Leaves  lanceolate,  taperiug-  into  a  very  long-  point  and  con- 
tracted  into  a  rather  long  petiole,  mostly  above  6  in.  long.  Stipules 
entirely  sheathing-,  truncate  and  shortly  cihate,  without  the  green  Hmb 
of  P.  orientalc.  Spikes  continuous,  1|  to  3  in.  long,  few  on  rather  long- 
peduncles  in  a  terminal  panicle.  Bracts  rather  thick,  truncate,  shortly 
ciliate  or  entire.  Perianth,  stamens,  style,  nut  and  embryo  entirely  of 
P.  oricntalc. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  117. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Brown  ;  Upper  Victoria 
river,  iSturfs  Creek,  Wentworth,  Fiinders  and  Macarthur  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  'Wales?  Near  the  Darling  river,  Victorian  BJxpedition  (a  very  imperfcct 
epecimen). 

S.  Australia.  Cooper's  Creek,  Howitfs  Expedition ;  Cooper's  and  ThomBou"s 
rivers,  A.  C.  Gregory. 

I  have  not  identified  this  with  any  Asiatic  spccies,  biit  I  am  unable  to  distinguish  it 
from  the  Brasilian  P.  spectahile,  Mart. ;  Meissu.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  119,  and  in  Mart.  Fl. 
Bras.  Polygon.  13.  t.  3,  in  the  seeds  of  which  1  find  the  radicle  incumbent  as  in  Ambly- 
gonum.     Meissner  has  not  figured  thc  embryo  either  in  this  or  in  P.  hisjiidum. 

4.  MUHLENBECKIA,  Meissn. 

Flowers  mostly  dioecious.  Perianth  of  5  segments,  all  equal  or  the 
otiter  ones  slightly  enhirged.  Stamens  8  or  rarely  fewer,  filaments 
short,  the  anthers  oblong-  in  the  males,  small  and  imperfect  or  abortive 
in  the  femalcs.  Ovary  in  the  females  3-angled,  with  a  very  short 
trifid  style  and  3  more  or  less  fringed  stigmas,  small  and  rudimentary 
in  the  males.  Nut  triangular  or  nearly  giobular,  ench)sed  in  the  per- 
sistent  membranous  or  succulent  perianth. — Undershrubs  slirubs  or 
woody  twiners,  rarely  herbaceous  from  the  base  ;  all  at  least  of  the 
Australian  species  ghabrous.  Stipules  brown  and  scarious,  loosely 
sheathing,  very  soon  torn  or  ragged.  Flowers  small,  g-reen  or  whitisn, 
in  whorl-like  chisters,  axillary   or   within  small   sheathing'  bractSj  in 


Muhlenbeckia.]  xcix.  polygonace.e.  273 

axillary  or  terminal  simple  or  paniculate  interrupted  spikes.  Radicle 
usually  curved  towards  the  back  of  tlie  cotyledons  (incumbent),  rarely 
here  and  there  towards  their  edge  (accumbent). 

The  genus  extends  to  New  Zealand,  extratropical  S.  America,  and  along  tlie  Andes 
to  Mexico.  Of  the  seven  Australian  species,  one  is  identical  with  a  New  Zealand  one, 
aiiother  is  closely  allied  as  well  to  a  New  Zealand  as  to  a  S.  American  species,  the 
others  appear  to  be  endemic. 

Leaves  more  or  less  cordate  hastate  or  sagittate,  usually  broad 
aiid  above  1  iii.  long.     Stem  prostrate  or  climbing. 
Fruit  globular,  obscurely  angled,  not  rngose,  with  the  periantli 
succulent.     Spikes  mostly  axillary. 
Leaves  rather  thick,  obtuse  or  shortly  acuminate  .     .     .     .     1.  M.  adpressa. 
Leaves    thin,    with    a    long    point.     Spikes    very    slender. 

Flowers  small 2.   M.  gracillima. 

Fruit    ovoid,    more    or   less    3-angled,  very  rugose.      Leaves 

rather  thick.    Spikes  mostly  in  a  large  terminal  panicle     .     3.  M.  rhyticarya. 
Leaves  ovate  or  rounded,  under  ^  in.  long.     Stenis  short,  pros- 

trate,  and  densely  matted.     Fruit  prominently  3-3ngled     .     .     4.  M.  axillaris. 
Leaves  narrow,  tapering  at   the  base.     Erect  or  diiiuse  under- 
shrubs  or  shrubs. 
Stems  stout,  decumbent,  uot  much  branched.    Leaves  broadly 

lanceolate.     Spikes  axillary.     Fruit  globular b.  M.  polyhotrya. 

Shrub.     Leaves  on  hixm-iant  bramhes  lanceolate  or  rarely 
hastate,  on  the  others  small  and  iinear.     Clusters  axillai-y, 

with  few  small  flowers.     Fruit  globular,  3-angled  .     ...     6.  M .  polygonoides. 
Shrub.     Leaves  on  luxuriant  branches  linear,  on   tiie  others 
very  small  or  uone.     Clusters  mostly  in  terminal  spikes. 
Fruit  prominently  3-angled 1.  M.  Cunninghamii. 

1.  M.  adpressa,  Meissn.  Gen.  Pl.  Comm.  227,  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  272, 
and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  145.  Stems  woody  at  the  base,  prostrate  and 
spreading-  or  climbing-.  Leaves  petiolate,  from  orbicular-cordate  to 
broadly  lanceolate,  hastate,  obtuse  or  scarcely  acuminate,  rarely  under 
1  in.  long-  except  on  the  smaller  branchlets,  and  in  luxuriant  specimens 
3  in.  or  more,  the  marg-ins  often  undulate-crisped.  Spikes  interrupted, 
1  to  2  or  even  3  in.  long-,  solitary  or  clustered  in  the  axils,  scarcely 
paniculate  at  the  end  of  the  branches,  the  Hower-clusters  distant,  the 
lowest  usually  at  the  base  of  the  rhachis  and  sometimes  the  whole  spike 
reduced  to  a  sessile  cluster.  Bracts  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Flowers  few  in 
each  cluster,  the  males  more  numerous  than  the  females.  Fruiting; 
perianth  g-lobular,  more  or  less  succulent.  Nut  completely  enclosed  in 
the  perianth,  nearly  g-lobuhir,  the  three  ang-les  very  obtuse  or  obscure, 
not  rug-ose.  Seed  with  3  lono-itudinal  furrows. — Hook  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i. 
308  ;  Polijgonum  adpres.mni,  Labill.  Pl.  JXov.  Holl.  i.  99,  t.  127  ;  R.  Br. 
Prod.  420  (partly) ;  Sarcogonwn  adpressum,  Don.  in  Sweet  Hort.  Brit. 
ed.  3,  577  (Meissner). 

The  three  following  fnrms  of  this  plant  appear  to  be  nearly  constant  enough  to  be 
reckoned  as  distinct  species. 

a.  rotundifolia.  Stems  traiiing  on  the  ground  or  climbing  on  bushes,  rarely  above 
6  ft.  high.     Leaves  broad  and  short.     Perianth  not  very  succulent. 

N.  S.  Wales  ?  Medway  river  near  Berrima,  Jliss  Atkinson.  (Uncertain,  the 
specimens  in  leaf  only). 

Victoria.  Wendu  vale,  Rohertson ;  mouth  of  the  Glenelg,  Allitt;  Wimmera, 
Dallachy ;  Yowaka  river,  F.  Mueller. 

VOL.  V.  T 


274  xcix.  POLYGONACE^.  [Muhlenbeckia. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrymple,  B.  Brown;  common  along  the  seacoast,  J.  D. 
Hooktr. 

S.  Australia.  Seacoast,  Spencei's  and  St.  Vincenfs  gulfs,  F.  Jfuellerand  others; 
Kangaroo  islands,  Waterhou^e  ;  Gawler  ranges,  SuUivan. 

W.  Australia.  Labillanliere ;  Swan  river,  JJrummond,  n.  204,  Preiss,  n.  1205, 
Oldfield;  Kalgan  and  Gordon  rivers,  Oldfield;  Stirling  and  Plantagenet  ranges  to 
Cape  Arid,  Maxwell. 

b.  hastifolia,  Meissn.  Leaves  broadly  lanceolate-hastate,  twice  or  three  times  as 
long  as  broad,  mostly  acuminate.  Stems  climbing  over  the  tops  of  tall  trees.  Flowers 
and  fruiting  perianths  large,  the  latter  very  succulent. — 3f.  Uunnii,  Hook.  f.  in  Hook. 
Lond.  Journ.  vi.  278;  Polygonum  adj^ressum,  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3145. 

Tasmania.     In  humid  forests  on  rich  soils,  Gunn. 
S.  Australia.     Near  Port  Adelaide,  F.  Mueller. 

c.  flexuosa.  Leaves  scarcely  1  in.  long,  broad,  obtuse  or  shortly  acuminate.  Flowers 
smaller  than  in  the  type  and  chiefiy  in  axillary  clusters.  Fruit  not  seen. — M.  flexuosa, 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  624,  and  in  I>C.  Prod.  xiv.  148. 

V^.  Australia.  Middie  island,  A.  Cunningham;  Goderich  district,  Preiss,  n. 
1355;  Gordon  and  Kalgan  rivers,  Oldfield;  Albany,  F.  Mueller. 

Hooker  (Handb.  Fl.  N..Zeal.  236)  and  some  others  have  considered  this  and  the 
M.  australis,  Forst.,  a  native  of  New  Zealand  and  Norfolk  Isiand,  as  one  species.  In 
the  latter,  however,  the  inflorescence  is  more  branched,  the  nut  more  shining,  very 
prominently  3-angled,  and  usually  exceeding  the  scarcely  succulent  perianth,  and  it 
seems  to  me  to  be  at  least  as  distinct  as  the  M.  gracillima. 

2.  M.  gracillima,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  145.  A  tall  herbaceous 
twiner,  mucli  niore  slender  tlian  M.  adpressa  and  31.  rhytiearya.  Leaves 
on  lonjj-  petioles,  ovate-cordate  or  broadly  sag-ittate,  acuminate,  mem- 
branous,  tlie  margins  usually  crisped,  1  to  2  or  rarely  3  in.  long-.  Spikes 
very  slender,  almost  filiform,  simple  or  paniculately  branched,  the 
males  much  long-er  and  more  branched  than  the  females,  the  flower- 
clusters  small  and  distant.  Perianth  not  above  1  line  diameter  when 
fully  spread.  Stig-mas  hirge  and  copiously  fi'ing-ed.  Fruiting-  perianth 
g-lobular  and  succulent,  enclosing-  an  opaque  obscurely  3-ang'led  nut  as 
in  M.  adpre.ssa,  but  considerably  smaller. — Polygonuin  adpirssum,  R.  Br. 
Prod.  420  (partly). 

Queensland.  Moreton  Bay,  Leichhardt ;  Kockhampton,  0'Shanesy ;  Dawson  and 
Biirnett  rivers,  F.  Muelkr. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Biue  Mountains,  B.  Broion  and  others  ;  New 
England,  C.Stuart;  Glendon,  Leichhardt ;  Macleay,  Clarence  and  Hastings  rivers, 
BecJdcr  ;  southward  to  lllawarra,  Iderb.  Hooker  and  F.  Mucller. 

3.  M.  rhyticarya,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  92.  Stems  climbing-,  woody 
at  the  base.  Leaves  mostly  broadly  ovate-cordate,  obtuse  or  shortly 
acuminate,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  often  rather  thick  and  giaucous,  resembling- 
those  of  the  broad-leaved  form  of  M.  adpressa.  Spikes  long-  and  in- 
terrupted  in  the  upper  axils,  and  forming-  a  larg-e  loose  terminal  panicle. 
Flowers  rather  larger  than  in  M.  adpressa.  Fruiting-  perianth  ahnost 
membranous,  enclosing-  an  ovoid-triquetrous  nut  often  2  lines  long-  and 
deeply  rugose.     Seed  scarcely  furrowed. 

Queensland.  Cape  York,  Daemel;  Port  Denison,  Fitzalan ;  Edgecombe  and 
Eocl<in^hani  Bays,  Dallachy. 

N.  S.  Wales.     New  England,  C.  Stuart ;  Shoalhaven  Gullies,  C.  Moore. 

R.  Brown's  specimens  oi  Polyg  mum  adpressum,  from  Keppcl  and  Shoalwater  Bays, 
appear  to  belong  to  M.  rhyticarya,  but  tliey  are  not  in  fruit. 


Muhlenbeckia.]  xcix.  polygonaceje.  2?5 

4.  M.  axillaris,  Ilook.f.  in  Ilook.  Lond.  Journ.  vi.  278;  Fl.  Tasm. 
i.  308.  A  small  ditfuse  or  prostrate  shrub,  forming'  matted  patches  of  a 
few  in.  diameter,  or  sending-  out  weak  ilexuose  stems  of  (J  in.  to  nearly 
1  ft.  Leaves  on  slender  petioles,  ovate  oblong*  or  ahiiost  orbicular, 
under  |-  in.  long-.  Flowers  small,  soHtarv  or  2  or  3  together  in  the 
upper  axils  or  at  tlie  ends  of  the  branches,  on  very  short  pedicels. 
Stig-mas  at  length  denticulate  but  without  the  long  fringes  of  most 
species.  Nuts  as  long-  as  the  scarcely  succulent  Iruiting-  perianth, 
smooth  and  prominently  3-angled.  Seed  not  seen  perfect. — Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  147 ;  M.  parvifolia,  Meissn.  in  Linnaja,  xxvi.  362. 

N.  S.  TVales,  Anderson,  Vicary ;  iiaked  rocky  margins  of  Fish  river,  ^.  CMWKira^qr- 
ham  ;  Lord  Ho\ve's  Islaiid,  C.  Moore. 

Victoria.  Gravelly  baiiks  of  the  Mitta-Mitta,  Maroka  valley  and  Snowy  river,  F. 
Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Moist  places  in  various  parts  of  the  colony,  ascending  to  4000  ft.,  /.  D. 
Hooker. 

This  species  is  also  in  New  Zealand. 

5.  M.  polybotrya,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  623,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  145.  Stems  woody  at  the  base,  decumbent  or  ascending-,  1  to  2  ft. 
long-,  rather  stout  and  not  much  branched.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate, 
acute,  narrowed  into  a  rather  long*  petiole,  the  larg-er  ones  2  to  3  in. 
long.  Spikes  interrupted,  the  males  usually  numerous  and  long-er  than 
the  leaves,  the  females  short.  Male  penanths  about  1  Hne  long-,  on 
rather  long-  pedicels,  females  larger  on  shorter  pedicels.  Stigmas  more 
or  less  fring-ed.  Fruiting-  perianth  scarcely  thickened.  Nut  nearly 
g"lobular,  obscurely  3-angled,  Seed  with  6  prominent  longitudinal 
obtuse  angles  separated  by  3  deep  and  narrow,  and  3  alternate  shallow 
furrows.  Embryos  observed  incumbently  and  accumbently  incurved 
in  ditferent  seeds  from  the  same  specimen. — F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  iv.  130, 
also  named  Polijgomun  polybotryum. 

^V.  Australia.     Swau  river,  Drummond,  Oldfield,  Preiss,  n.  1353,  and  others. 

6.  M.  polygonoides,  F.  Muell.  Frugm.  v.  73.  A  diifuse  or  erect 
undershrub  or  shrub,  attaining  several  ft.,  with  numerous  branches 
elongated  and  leaiy  when  young"  or  luxuriant,  clustered  wiry  and 
appearing-  sometimes  almost  lealiess  on  old  stems.  Leaves  linear  or 
lanceolate,  contracted  at  the  base,  rarely  broad  or  occasionally  hastately 
3-lobed  on  luxuriant  shoots,  small  and  narrow  on  most  flowering' 
branches.  Flowers  small,  very  few  together  and  the  females  often 
almost  solitary,  all  axillary.  Perianth  under  1  line  long-  when  in  flower, 
1  to  l^  lines  when  in  fruit  but  scarcely  succulent.  Style  shortly 
3-lobed,  the  stigmas  at  first  somewhat  dilated  and  entire,  larger  and 
lobed  or  fringed  when  friHy  out.  N ut  nearly  globular,  obtusely  3-angled, 
somewhat  shining  but  often  sliglitly  rugose.  Seed  not  furrowed. — 
Polygonum  diclmum,  F.  Muell.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  viii.  203,  and  in 
Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  23  :  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  85 ;  Muhlen- 
heckia  stenaphylla,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  i.  138;  Polygonum  angustissimum, 
F.  Muell,  Frag-m,  v.  92, 

t2 


276  xcix.   POLYOONACE^.  [Muhlenbeckia. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Murray  river  near  the  mouths  of  the  Murrumbidgee  and  Darling 
rivers,  F.  Mv.eller. 

Victoria.  Rocky  mountains  on  the  Macalister  and  Snowy  rivers,  F.  Mueller  ; 
Wimnicra,  DaUac/nj. 

7.  "M.,  Cunninghamii,  F.  Muell.  Frcuim.  v.  91.  A  slirub,  some- 
times  low  jracl  bushy,  sometimes  attaining-  6  to  8  ft.  or  even  taller,  witli 
numerous  terete  sulcate  or  ang-ular  branches,  the  young-  and  luxuriant 
ones  often  with  a  few  linear  or  linear-hmceolate  leaves  of  1  to  3  in. 
contracted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole,  but  most  of  the  branches  rig-id  or 
rushlike  often  chistered  and  either  quite  leailess  or  with  a  few  linear 
leaves.  Stipules  deciduous.  Flower-clusters  solitary  or  in  short  spikes 
at  the  leafless  nodes  or  in  the  axils  of  the  small  leaves  forming-  long- 
terminal  interrupted  spikes.  Perianth  rather  above  1  line  long-.  Style 
3-branched,  with  broad  peltate  terminnl  stigmas  more  like  those  of  a 
Polyganum  than  of  a  MtMcnheckia,  but  the  flowers  quite  dioecious.  Nut 
prominently  3-angled,  smooth  and  shining-,  enclosed  in  the  ovoid 
slig-htly  thickened  perianth  which  is  enlarg-ed  to  from  1|^  to  2  lines  in 
leng'th.  Seed  scarcely  furrowed. — Polyr/onmn  Cunninrjhamii,  Meissn.  in 
Linnaea,  xxvi.  3G4,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  85 ;  Muhlcnhcckia  Jlorulenta, 
Meissn.  in  Linnoea,  xxvi.  362  j  Pohjgonum  junceum^  A.  Cunn,  j  Lindl.  in 
Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  85. 

W.  Australia.     Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller. 

Queensland.  Eockhampton,  O^ Shanesij ;  Suttor  river,  ^owmare ;  Bokhara  Creek, 
Leichhardt  .•  Curriwiilighie,  Dalton  ;  Uarling  Downs,  Lau. 

N.  S.  V^ales.  Liverpool  Plains,  Leichhardt,  C.  Moore ;  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cun- 
w«?if;/irt?;i ;  Macquarrie  river,  Mitchell;  Murray  and  Darling  rivers  to  the  Barrier 
Ranije,   Victorian  and  other  Expeditions. 

Victoria.  Wendu  Vale,  Bobertson ;  Melbour.ie,  Adamson;  Bacchus  Marsh  and 
Station  Peak,  F.  Mueller;  Creswick,  Whan. 

S.  Australia.  Muriay  river  to  St.  Vincent's  GulP,  F.  Mueller ;  Salt  Creek,  Behr; 
Dombey  Bay,  WUhelmi ;  towards  Spencer's  Gulf,  Warhurton. 

"W.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drummond,  &th  coll.  n. 
•218. 

Order  C.    NYCTAGINE^. 

Perianth  simple,  inferior,  the  lower  portion  persistent  and  enclosing- 
the  ovary  and  fruit,  the  upper  portion  variously  shaped,  with  6  rarely 
4  ang-les  folds  teeth  or  lobes,  deciduous  or  withering-.  Stamens  either 
of  the  same  number  as  the  folds  or  teeth  of  the  perianth  or  fewer  or 
more,  often  inconstant  in  the  same  species,  and  never  more  than  20, 
inserted  on  (or  united  at  the  base  with)  a  narrow  or  cupshaped  disk 
more  or  less  adnate  to  the  stipes  of  the  ovary  witliin  tlie  perianth  (or 
rarely  free  from  the  base  ?) ;  filaments  slender,  usually  exserted ;  an- 
thers  2-celled,  the  cells  attached  back  to  back  and  opening-  long-itudi- 
nally  round  the  outer  margin.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  within  the  base 
of  the  perianth,  1-celled,  with  1  erect  anatropous  ovule.  Style  ter- 
minal,  simple,  undivided,  with  a  sing-le  stigma.  Fruit  1-seeded, 
enclosed  in  the  persistent  toug-h  or  hardened  base  of  the  perianth 
which  falls  off  with  it  having  the  appearance  of  a  pericarp,  the  real 


c.  nyctagine.t:.  2/7 

pericarp  tliin  anJ  menibranous  niore  or  less  adherent  to  and  often  inse- 
parable  from  the  equally  thin  testa  of  the  seed.  Embryo  curved  trans- 
versely  folded  or  longitudinally  convohite  around  or  within  a  mealy 
albumen,  radicle  infcrior. — Herbs  slirubs  or  trees,  the  nodes  often 
tumid  and  articuhite.  Leaves  usually  opposite,  often  unequal  in  each 
pair,  rarely  alternate,  usually  entire  or  scarcely  sinuate.  Flowers  soli- 
tary  ckistered  or  umbeUate,  the  bracts  in  many  genera  not  Australian 
forming-  an  involucre  round  them  sometimes  larg-e  and  coloured,  but 
often  small,  and  in  the  Austrahan  g'enera  the  bracts  all  very  small  and 
deciduous. 

A  small  Order  of  which  the  genera  are  all  Araerican.  and  exclusively  so  with  the 
exception  of  the  two  found  in  Australia,  which  are  hoth  of  them  widely  dispersed  over 
the  tropical  and  suhtropical  regions  of  both  the  New  and  the  Old  World. 

Herbs  with  small  flowers.     Upper  portioii  of  Ihe  perianth  deciduous. 

Stamens  1  to  4.     Embryo  foided 1.   Boerhaavia. 

Trees,  shruhs,  or  woody  climhers.  Liuib  of  the  purianth  persistent 
on  the  fruit.  Stamens  usually  6  to  8.  Embryo  straight,  cotyledons 
convolute 2.  Pisoxia. 

1.  BOERHAAVIA,  Linn. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Upper  portion  of  the  perianth  campanulate 
or  funnel-shaped,  truncate  and  plicate  or  very  shortly  5-lobed,  falHng* 
off  after  flowering-,  leaving-  the  lower  portion  persistent  and  enclosing' 
the  ovary  and  fruit.  Stamens  1  to  4,  usually  exserted.  Stig-ma  dilated 
peltate  or  obhque.  Fruit  completely  enclosed  in  the  somewhat  hardened 
6-ribbed  base  of  the  perianth.  Embryo  transversely  folded  at  the  base 
of  the  cotyledons. — Herbs  usually  perennial.  Leaves  opposite. — Flowers 
small,  in  little  chisters  or  umbels  on  simple  or  branched  axillary  pedun- 
cles.     Bracts  and  bracteoles  very  small. 

The  genus  is  widely  diffused  over  the  tropical  and  subtropical  regions  of  the  New  and 
the  Old  World.  The  AustraHan  species  are  both  Asiatic,  one  a  common  weed  in  Africa 
aiid  Asia,  the  other  perhaps  confineil  to  Asia  ;  botli,  however,  require  further  compa- 
rison  with  some  of  the  American  species. 

Leaves  orbicular  or  ovate  to  narrow-lanceolate.     Deciduous  portion  of 

the  perianth  campanulate,  not  exceeding  1  line 1.   B.  diffusa. 

Leaves  cordate-ovate  to  hinceolati'.    Deciduous  portion  of  the  perianth 

3  to  4  lines  long,  funnel-shaped,  with  a  iiarrow  tube 2.  B.  repanda. 

1,  B.  diffusa,  Linn.  Clwis.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  452.  A  perennial 
with  procumbent  diffuse  or  ascending"  stems  extending*  sometimes  to 
several  ft.,  the  whole  plant  g"labrous,  or  the  lower  portion  and  foHag-e 
pubescent  or  hirsute,  with  a  few  long-er  articulate  hairs  and  sometimes 
g-landular-viscid.  Leaves  of  each  pair  unequal  or  nearly  equal,  petio- 
late,  the  lower  ones  often  broadly  ovate  or  orbicular  ^  to  1  in.  diameter, 
the  upper  ones  usually  smaller  or  narrower,  sometimes  nearly  all  narrow- 
lanceohite,  from  very  obtuse  to  acute,  entire  sinuate  or  crisped  on  the 
margins  especiaUy  when  hirsute,  the  smaller  ones  sometimes  chistered 
in  the  axils,  the  noral  ones  passing-  into  minute  bracts.  Flowers  very 
small,  pale  pink,  sessile  or  on  very  short  pedicels  somewhat  leng^thened 


2?8  C.    XYCTAOINE.^.  [Bocrhanvia. 

under  tlie  fruits,  in  little  heads  or  umbels  on  filiform  peduncles  more 
or  less  branclied  into  compound  umbels  or  irreg'ular  panicles  axillary 
or  terminal.  Bracts  under  tlie  pedicels  small  and  lanceolate,  with  a 
pair  of  minute  bracteoles  under  the  perianth.  Perianth  constricted 
above  the  ovary,  thc  lower  portion  about  ^  line  long-,  rather  thick,  5- 
ribbed,  studdod  with  stipitate  g-lands,  tbe  upper  deciduous  portion  cam- 
panulate,  petal-like,  scarcely  lobed,  from  |  to  rather  above  1  Hne  long-. 
Stamens  usually  3,  sometimes  1,  2  or  4,  insertedin  a  narrow  cup-shaped 
toothed  disk  adnate  to  the  stipes  of  the  ovary,  which  as  well  as  the 
whole  ovary  is  entirely  enclosed  in  the  base  of  the  perianth  ;  filaments 
as  long-  as  or  rather  long-er  than  the  perianth.  Fruiting  base  of  the 
perianth  oblong--turbinate,  glandular-muricate  when  dry,  becoming-  en- 
veloped  in  mucilage  in  hot  water,  from  1  to  nearly  2  lines  long\ — B. 
mtitabiUs,  Br.  Prod.  422,  Chois.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  455,  (there  placed 
in  a  wrong"  division) ;  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  G22 ;  F.  Muell.  Pl.  Vict. 
ii.  t.  0)7 ,  (the  insertion  of  the  stamens  and  style  incorrect)  ;  B.  puhesceiis, 
R.  Br.  Prod.  422  ;  B.  procumbens,  Roxb. ;  Wig-ht,  Ic.  t.  874. 

N.  Australia.  Vicforia  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  R. 
liroicn;  (^laliroiis,  glandular-pubescent  and  very  villous-tomentose  varieties),  Henne; 
Adams  Bay,  Hulh ;  Port  Essington,  Armstrong ;  Port  Darwin,  SclmUz. 

Queensland.  Keppel  Bay,  li.  Brown;  Port  ]\Iolle  and  Isies  ofF  Cape  Flattery, 
3l'GiUivrai/ ;  Howick's  group,  F.  Mueller ;  llockingliam  Bay,  Dallachy ;  common 
about  Rockhampton,  Daltachy  and  others  ;  Nerkool  and  Amity  Creeks,  &c.,  Bowman  ; 
Warwick,  BecJder ;  on  the  Maranoa,  Mitchell  (some  of  the  specimens  veryhirsute,  with 
the  leaves  white  underneath) ;  Armadillo,  Barton  ;  Curriwillighie,  Dalton. 

fi.  S.  ^Vales.  Mudgee,  Woolls;  from  the  Darling  river  to  the  Barrier  Eange, 
Victorian  and  other  Expeditions  ;  New  England,  C.  Stuart. 

Victoria.     Murray  river,  Moimt  Hope,  F.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.  Spencer's  Gulf,  B.  Broion;  Flinders  Eange,  Taberton,  F.  3Iueller; 
Cooper's  Creek,  Howitt'8  Exjjedition. 

^iV.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Preiss,  n.  2389;  Murchison  river,  Old- 
field ;  Port  \\'alcott,  Harper. 

The  glabrous  and  hirsute  states  are  generally  found  in  the  same  localities,  the  former, 
however,  by  far  the  most  frequent.  The  species  is  a  common  weed  iu  the  warmer 
regions  of  Asia  and  Africa. 

2.  B.  repanda,  Willd. ;  Cliois.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  455.  A  stouter 
and  coarser  plant  than  B.  dijfusu,  usually  g-labrous  and  spreading-. 
Leaves  petiolate,  cordate-ovate  or  lanceolate,  tisually  acuminate,  the 
marg-ins  undulate,  rather  thick,  often  above  1  in.  long-,  but  some- 
times  small.  Flowers  pedicellate  in  umbels  on  axillary  or  terminal 
peduncles  and  very  frcquently  with  a  whorl  of  G  to  8  pedicellate  flowers 
at  some  distance  from  the  terminal  umbel.  Pedicels  2  to  6  lines  long, 
or  more  usually  unequal  in  the  same  umbel,  not  so  slender  as  in  B. 
diffum.  Lower  portion  of  the  perianth  under  1  line  long-,  g-landular 
muricate  as  in  B.  dijfusa,  upper  deciduous  portion  fimnel-shaped,  3  to  4 
lines  long',  the  slender  part  of  the  tube  as  long-  as  the  canipanulate  suni- 
mit.  Stamens  usually  2  or  3,  sometimes  4,  exserted.  Fruit  consider- 
ably  long-er  tlian  in  B.  dijfusa. — Wig-ht,  Ic.  t.  1?GG. 

Queensland.     Lady  Eliiott's  Island,  Capit.  Eobertson. 


Bocrhaavia.\  c.   NYCTAGINEiE.  2?0 

W.  Australia.  Sharks  Bay,  3Iilne,  Maitland  Brown ;  between  Moore  and 
Murchison  rivers,  Drummond,  Qth  coll.  n.  217. 

Tlie  species  has  a  considerable  range  iu  East  ludia,  the  ludian  Arcbipelago,  &c., 
chiefly  in  maritime  districts. 

2.   PISONIA,  Linn. 

Flowers  liermaphrodite  or  unisexual,  Periantli  in  the  hermaphro- 
dite  ilowers  contracted  ahove  tlie  ovary,  in  the  males  campanulate,  in 
the  females  ovoid  or  cyHndrical,  the  marg-in  in  all  6-ang'led  or  5-toothed. 
Stamens  usuallj  6  to  8,  long-er  than  the  perianth,  none  in  the  female 
flowers.  Ovary  entirely  wanting-  or  imperfect  in  the  male  flowers. 
Stig-ma  in  the  females  dihited,  ohlique.  Fruiting-  perianth  ohlong-  or 
elong-ated,  5-rihbed,  smooth  or  g-landuhir-muricate,  crowned  by  the 
small  withered  limb  of  the  perianth.  Seed  oblong*  with  a  deep  long-i- 
tudinal  furrow.  Albimien  scantj.  Embryo  straig-ht,  the  cotyledons 
convolute  over  the  intruded  testa. — Trees  shrubs  or  woody  climbers. 
Leaves  opposite  or  scattered.  Flowers  in  dense  or  loose  cymes,  often 
arrang-ed  in  terminal  panicles.  Bracts  and  bracteoles  very  small  or  none. 

The  species  are  numerous  in  tropical  and  subtropical  America,  but  there  are  also  a 
few  in  soutbern  Asia  and  in  tbe  island  region  from  tbe  S  African  coast  to  tbe  Pacific. 
Of  the  three  Australiau  species  one  is  widely  spread  over  tbe  tropical  regions  both  of 
tbe  New  and  tbe  Old  World,  another  extends  to  Nortolk  Islaud  and  New  Zealand,  and 
possibly  to  some  of  tbe  islauds  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago  aud  South  Pacific,  the  tbird 
may  be  endemic,  but  closely  resembles  if  it  be  not  identical  witb  a  Pacific  island  spe- 
cies,  tbe  synonymy,  bowever,  notwithstanding  tbe  researcbes  of  Seemaun,  remaius  ex- 
ceedingly  confused,  and  tbe  specimens  uow  in  our  herbaria  are  wbolly  insufficieut  to 
clear  it  up. 

Tall  'woody  climber  witb  axillary  spines.    Flowers  uuisexual.    Fruit- 

ing  periantb  muricate \.  P.  aculeata. 

Unarraed  trees. 

Flowers  unisexual.     Periantb  sbortly  villous,  muricate  wben  in 

fruit 2.  P.  inermis. 

Flowers  (all  ?)  berraapbrodite.    Periantb  glabrous,  elongated  and 

smootb  or  miuutely  papillose-scabrous  wben  iu  fruit  .     .     .     .  3.  P.  Brunoniana. 

1.  P.  aculeata,  Lim. ;  Clwis.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  440.  A  tall 
woody  cKmber,  forming-  impenetrable  masses  on  the  borders  of  forests, 
reduced  to  a  low  strag'g'hng-  bush  in  open  places,  g-hibrous  or  rarely 
pubescent,  often  armed  with  stout  recurved  axinary  prickles  (abortive 
peduncles).  Leaves  opposite  or  here  and  there  alternate,  petiolate,  ovate, 
often  broad,  or  rarely  oblong-  or  lanceolate,  obtuse,  entire,  rarely  exceed- 
ing'  3  in.  and  often  all  under  2  in.  long-.  Flowers  dioecious,  in  small 
dense  cvmes  or  g-lobuhir  chisters,  of  which  several  are  usually  collected 
into  small  panicles  in  the  upper  axils,  the  common  peduncle  rarely  ex- 
ceeding-  the  leaves  and  often  very  short.  Male  perianths  shortly  pedi- 
ceUate,  campanulate,  shortly  and  broadly  5-toothed,  the  bud  chivate  and 
prominently  5-ang-led  at  the  top,  opening-  to  about  2  Hnes  diameter. 
Female  perianths  nearly  sessile,  ovoid,  about  1  line  long:,  obscurely  5- 
toothed,  enclosing-  the  ovary,  the  style  shortly  protruding-,  with  a  deeply 
lobed  or  fring-ed  stig-ma.     Fruits  in  loose  cymes  forming-  often  hirg-e 


280  C.    NYCTAGIXKJi.  [PisOHia. 

panicles,  the  pedicels  lengtliening"  to  above  ^  in.,  the  enlarged  perianth 
oblong-  or  linear-clavate,  ^  to  |  in.  lono-,  5-ribbed,  g-landular-muricate. — 
Wig-hl-,  Ic.  t.  1703,  1764  ;  P"^  vinosa,Foir. ;  Chois.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii. 
44U  ;  P.  limonclla,  Blume  ;   Chois.  l.c.  446. 

Queensland.  Cape  York,  Baemel;  Burdeldn  river,  Fitzalan  ;  Edgecombe  and 
Rockinfrham  Bays,  Dallachy ;  Broad  Sound  and  Nerkool  Creek,  Bowman  ;  Ko.khamp- 
ton,  0'S/ianesi/. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Chirence  river,  Beckler ;  TweeJ  river,  C.  Jloore. 

Tbe  Kpocics  is  vcry  widcly  distributed  over  tbe  tropical  regions  of  the  New  and  the 
Old  World,  espccially  in  maritime  districts. 

2.  P.  inermis,  Forst.  Prod.  75.  A  tall  tree,  glabrous  except  the  in- 
floreseence.  Loaves  petiolate,  ovate  or  oblong,  acuminate  or  almost 
obtuse,  rounded  or  narrowed  at  the  base,  often  6  to  8  in.  long-.  Flowers 
dioecious,  small,  colloctod  in  small  cymes  forming  a  terminal  cor^-mbose 
rather  compact  panicle,  usm^lly  shortly  peduncuhite  and  much  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Periauths  both  male  and  fomale  narrow,  ovoid-oblong, 
scarcely  2  lines  long-  at  the  time  of  ilowering-  the  males  rather  longer 
and  more  dilated  at  the  orificethan  the  females,  allpubescent  or  villous. 
Stamens  shortly  exserted.  Style  scarcely  protruding  from  the  females. 
Fruiting-  perianths  in  a  loose  panicle  on  more  or  less  elongated  pedicels, 
the  perianth  about  J  in.  long-,  very  prominently  muricate  along*  the 
angles. — P.  grancUs,  K.  Br.  Prod.  422;  Chois.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  441 ; 
Endl  Iconogr.  t.  30. 

N.  Australia.     Islands  of  tbe  Giilf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Broirn. 

Queensland.     Nurtliumberland  islands,  B,.  Brown ;  Eockingbam  Bay,  Dallachy. 

The  species  is  also  in  the  Pacific  islands,  for,  as  far  as  can  be  judgcd  from  Forster's 
specimcns  and  from  the  description  qnoted  by  Guilleniin  as  mentioned  below,  tbe  Tai- 
tian  and  the  Australian  plant  appear  to  be  identical.  I  bave  therefore  followed  See- 
mann  in  restoring  to  it  Forster's  narae,  the  previfjusly  pullished  P.  iner-inis,  Jacq.  being 
referred  by  Choisy  to  P.  nigricans,  Sw.,  by  Seemann  to  P.  mitis,  Linn. 

3.  P.  Brunoniana,  Endl.  Prod.  Fl.  Korf.  43,  hut  not  of  Chois.  A 
tree  attaining  sometimes  a  great  height,  quite  ghibrous  or  the  inllores- 
cence  minuteh'  pubescent,  but  never  so  much  so  as  in  P.  inermis.  Leaves 
mostly  opposite,  the  upper  ones  sometimes  irreguhirly  alternate  or  ap- 
proximate  so  as  to  appear  verticillate,  petiokite,  from  broadly  ovate  to  obo- 
vate  elhptical  or  almost  oblong,  obtuse,  contracted  or  rarely  rounded  at 
the  base,  often  8  in.  long  or  evon  more,  but  sometimes  not  half  that  size, 
somewliat  coriaceous  when  okl.  Flowers  mostly  hermajdirodite,  although 
the  ovary  in  some  individuals  and  the  stamens  in  others  may  be  imper- 
fect  or  k'ss  porfect,  all  shortly  pedicellate  in  small  cymes  collected  into 
terminal  leatioss  ])anicles.  Perianth  wlien  fully  out  usually  about  3 
Hnes  k)i:g,  funnol-shaped,  the  tube  distinctly  contractedabove  the  ovary 
when  that  is  perfect,  scarcely  so  when  it  is  more  or  less  abortive,  ex- 
panded  and  obscurely  lobed^at  the  top.  Stamens  usually  shortly  ex- 
serted.  Fruiting  perianth  narrow  and  above  1  in.  long-,"  more  or  less 
5-ang-led,  glabrous  and  smooth  or  the  angles  slightly  papillose  or  tuber- 
cular,  contracled  upwards  into  a  narrow  neck  crowned  by  the  withered 


Piso>iM.]  c.  nyctagine.t:.  281 

border  of  the  pemnth. — llook.  f.  Haiidb.  N.Zeal.Fl.  229;  P.  Shicluini, 
Hook.  f.  FL  N.  Zeal.  i.  209,  t.  50  ;  P.  Mooriana,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  i.  20. 

Queensland.     Rockingliam  Bay,  Dallachy. 

W.  S.  ^Wales.  Richmond  river,  Jiichards,  Henderson ;  Tllawarra,  A.  Ounning- 
ham,  C.  Moore ;  also  Sydney  woods,  Paris  Exhibitioii,  1855,  Macarthur,  n.  197. 

The  species  is  also  in  Norfolk  islaiid  and  New  Zeahiiid,  ail  other  stations  dnubtful, 
for  tiie  identilication  of  the  Austrahisian  aiid  Polynesian  specimens  of  P/.so)u'a  is  often 
impossible  from  their  inconipleteness.  The  Ibliage  alfords  no  marks,  and  the  flowcrs 
and  fruits  are  often  mismatched.  Choisy  in  UC.  Prod.  xiii.  ii.  4-11,  lias  described  as 
P.  Brunoniana  the  Pacific  islaml  P.  procera,  Bert.,  figured  iii  Deiess.  Ic.  Sel.  iii.  t.  87, 
and  (as  P.  Forsteriana)  in  Pl.  Meyen.  t.  51,  a  species  not  unlike  the  P.  Brunoniana 
when  seen  in  fruit,  but  with  very  different  flowers,  these  being  dicecious  in  all  tlie  spe- 
cimens  I  have  seen,  the  maie  perianth  campanulate  and  prorainently  5-!ob'  d,  the  female 
perianth  much  smaller  and  ovoid-oblong.  This  has  been  correctly  identified  by  See- 
mann  witli  the  Ceodes  umbellifera,  Forst.,  and  if  HorsfieWs  specimens  are  rightly  de- 
terminetl,  with  P.  excelsa,  Blume,  a  name  which  under  all  the  circumstances  ougl^t,  I 
think,  to  have  the  preference  over  P.  umhellifera,  Scem.  ;  nor  can  I  agree  with  Seemann 
in  referring  to  it  the  Austraiian  plant.  Witli  regard  to  tlie  Norfolk  Island  and  New 
Zealand  species  which  Seemann  separates  from  the  Australian  one  aiid  refers  to  P. 
inermis,  Forst.,  he  has  been  evidently  misled  by  Guillemin,  who  Zeph.  Tait.  in  Ann.  Sc. 
Nat.  Ser.  2,  vii.  191,  having  before  him  only  the  P. procera,  Bert.  {Ceodes,  Forst.)  re- 
fers  to  it  Forster's  manuscript  description  of  P.  inermis,  Forst. 


Ordeu  ci.    MYRISTICE^. 

Flowers  dioecious,  regailar.  Perianth  deciduous,  3-lobed  or  rarely 
2-  or  •i-lobed,  tlie  lobes  valvate  in  the  bud.  Male  11.  Stamens  united 
in  a  central  cohimn ;  antliers  3,  6,  or  more  adnate  to  the  column  at  the 
apex,  or  in  a  ring-  immediately  below  the  column,  each  with  2  parallel 
cells  opening-  long-itudinally.  Female  11.  Ovary  free  within  the  perianth, 
Avith  a  singie  erect  anatropous  ovule  ;  stig'ma  sessile  or  nearly  so,  capi- 
tate  or  depressed.  Fruit  succulent,  opening*  tardily  in  2  valves.  Seed 
erect,  sessile,  more  or  less  covered  with  a  lobed  or  jag"g"ed  often  scarlet 
arillus  (or  arillodium)  proceeding'  from  the  base  of  the  seed.  Albumen 
remarkably  ruminate.  Embrj^o  very  small,  at  the  base  of  the  seed,  Avith 
divaricate  cotyledons. — Trees,  often  aromatic.  Leaves  alternate,  entire, 
usually  dotted,  penniveined,  without  stipules.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary 
or  supra-axillary  racemes  or  panicles,  more  numerous  in  the  males  than 
in  the  females.     Bracts  minute  or  none. 

The  Order  is  limited  to  the  single  genus  Mijristica. 

1.  MYRISTICA,  Linn. 
Characters  those  of  the  Order. 

The  geniis  is  entirely  tropical,  most  abundant  in  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  wilh  a  few 
species  from  Continental  India  or  from  the  Mascarepe  and  South  Pacific  islands,  and 
several  from  tropical  America.  The  only  Australian  species  may  be  endemic,  but  is 
closely  allied  to  an  Indian  one. 

1.  M.  insipida,  R.  Br.  Prod.  400.  A  flne  tree  of  60  to  70  ft.  or  more 
{pallachy),  giabrous  but  the  young-  brauches  and  petioles  often  ferru- 


282  ci.  MYRiSTiCEiE.  [Myrktictt. 

ginous.  Leaves  oval-elliptical  or  oblong',  shortly  acuminate,  rounded 
or  cuneate  at  the  base,  all  under  4  in.  long-  in  some  specimens,  all  above 
6  in.  in  others,  and  often  very  variable  in  size  and  relative  breadth  on 
the  same  specimens,  pale  and  sliining-  above  with  the  veins  impressed, 
more  or  less  g-laucous  underneath,  \\\t\\  from  7  to  20  prominent  primary 
veins  on  each  side  of  the  midrib.  Male  flowers  few  or  rather  munerous, 
in  sessile  axillary  chisters.  Pedicels  shorter  than  the  perianth,  with  a 
small  broad  ciholate  bract  close  under  the  flowers.  Perianth  cyUndrical, 
2  to  2^  hnes  long,  with  3  lobes  scarcely  above  |  hne  long.  Staminal 
cohmm  included,  not  dilated  at  the  top  ;  anthers  6,  Hnear,  adnate  in  a 
ring-  below  the  top  of  the  column  and  occupying  |  of  itslength.  Female 
flowers  not  seen.  Fruits  sohtary  or  2  together  on  very  short  thick 
axillary  pedicels,  ovoid  or  ovoid-oblong,  about  1  in.  long,  rusty-tomen- 
tose  or  nearly  ghibrous.  Seeds  normal ;  embryo  with  very  small  thick 
divaricate  cotvledons  quite  entire. — A.  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  206 ;  A.  cimici- 
fcra,  R.  Br.  J>rod.  400;  A.  DC.  l.c.  191. 

N.  Anstralia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Brown;  Bruiisvick  Bay, 
A.  CunniiHiliam ;  Melville  island,  Fraser ;  Port  Essington,  Armstrong. 

Queensland.  Endeavour  river,  JBanls  and  Solander ;  Albanj  island,  W.  Hill ; 
Eockingham  Baj,  Dallachy ;  near  Eockhampton,  Tkozet. 

^he  speciesis  very  near  to  31.  Zeylanica,  A.  DC,  united  by  Thwaites  with  Ji.  lauri- 
folia,  Hook.  f.  and  Thoms.  from  Ceylon,  and  is  indeed  scarcely  to  be  distingiiished 
from  it,  as  far  as  our  specimens  show,  but  by  the  narrower  perianth  and  apparently 
fewer  anthers. 

Order  CII.   MONIMIACE^. 

Perianth  regular,  usually  at  first  globular  or  nearly  so  and  more  or 
less  adnate  to  or  continuous  with  the  expanded  receptacle  or  staminal 
disk,  the  hmb  of  4  or  more  connivent  lobes  or  segments  in  2  or  rarely 
more  rows  but  all  of  similar  texture,  calvcine  or  scarcely  petaloid, 
deciduous  or  persistent.  Stamens  either  definite  and  opposite  the  peri- 
anth-segments  or  more  frequently  indefinite  and  irregularly  arranged 
in  several  rows ;  filaments  very  short ;  anthers  adnate,  usually  extrorse, 
the  cells  opening  in  separate  valves  or  in  longitudinal  sHts,  either  dis- 
tinct  or  confluent  at  the  apex.  Gynoecium  of  several  carpels,  free  and 
distinct,  rarely  reduced  to  a  single  one,  each  with  a  single  ascending' 
or  pendulous  anatropous  ovule.  Style  terminal,  usuaUy  obhque  ex- 
centrical  or  almost  lateral,  fihform  or  very  short  or  almost  none,  with 
a  small  or  pulvinate  terminal  stigma.  Fruit  of  several  (or  rarely  only 
one)  1-seeded  drupes  or  nuts,  resting  on  the  expanded  receptacle  or  per- 
sistent  portion  of  the  perianth-tube  or  enclosed  in  the  enlarged  perianth. 
Seed  with  a  memljranous  testa  and  fleshy  albumen.  Embryo  usuaUy 
very  smaU,  with  divaricate  or  appressed  cotyledons  and  a  short  or  long 
radicle  next  the  hihun. — Trees  shrubs  or  woody  cUmbers,  usuaUy 
glandular-dotted  and  aromatic.  Leaves  opposite,  entire  or  toothed, 
without  stipules.  Howers  soUtary  or  in  trichotomous  c^^nes  or  definite 
raceme-Uke  or  thyrsoid  panicles,  axiUary  or  rarely  teVminah  Bracts 
usuaUy  very  smaU. 


CII.    MONIMIACE^.  283 

The  Order  is  chiefly  South  American,  trapical  with  a  few  extratropical  species,  and 
is  also  represented  in  the  Mascarene  islands  and  more  sparingly  in  tropical  Asia,  New 
Zealand,  and  the  islanJs  of  the  Soiilh  Parific.  Of  the  eight  Australian  genera  one  is 
specially  American,  another  is  Asiatic,  a  third  is  represented  in  New  Zealand  and  extra- 
tropical  South  Ameiica,  a  fourth  iu  New  Zealand  and  the  South  Pacific,  and  tlie  re- 
maining  ibur  are  endemic. 

Anther-cells  distinct,  opeiiing  each  iu  a  separate  valve  from  the  base 
upwards. 
Ovule  ascending.     Peduncles  short  with   1   or   3   rather   large 
flowers.     Style  bearJed  and  persisting. 
Flowers  hermaijiiroJite.     Anther-connective   with  a  long  subu- 

hite  appendage 1.  Doryphoka. 

Flowers  unisexuai.     Anther-connective  not  produced       ...  2.  Atherosperma. 
Ovule    pendulous.     Fiowers    liermapiirodite,    small,    in    thyrsoid 

panicles.     Anther-counective  not  produced 3.  Daphnakdra. 

Anther-celis  opening  longitudiually  and  confluent  in  a  single  reni- 
forni   or   horse-shoe   cell.     Flowers   unisexual,    small.     Ovule 
pendulous.     Perianth  4-lobed. 
Stamens  indefinite,  i'e\v  or  numerous,  irreguhirly  lining  the  peri- 

antli-tube.     Flowers  usually  dicecions 4.  Mollinedia. 

Stamens  4  opposite  the  perianthlobes,  with  frequently  1   to  3 

smaller  ones  within.     Flowers  usually  moncecious 5.  Kibara. 

Anthers,  at  least  the  outer  ones,  with  2  distinct  cells  opening  longi- 
tudinally.     Flowers  unisexual  or  polygamous. 
Carpels  numerous.     Anthers  almost  sessile. 

Fruiting-perianth  circumsciss  or  expanding  under  the  carpels 

and  scarcely  enlarged 6.  Hedycarya. 

Fruiting-perianth  enlarged,  irregularly  globular,  completely  en- 

closing  the  carpels.    Climber 7.  Palmekia. 

Carpels  solitary.    Fiiaments  filiform,  nearly  as  long  as  the  anthers. 

Climber 8.  Piptooalyx, 


1.  DORYPHOEA,  Endl. 

(Learosa,  JReichb.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth-tube  campanulate,  seg-ments  6  in 
2  rows.  Stamens  usually  6  perfect,  opposite  the  perianth-seg-ments 
round  the  orifice  of  the  tube,  with  (3  to  12  staminodia  within  them  ; 
filaments  short,  with  a  wing-Hke  appendage  on  each  side,  anthers  ex- 
trorse,  with  2  distinct  cells  opening  Irom  the  base  upwards  in  convex 
valves,  the  connective  produced  into  a  long-  Hnear-subulate  appendage. 
Carpels  several  at  the  base  of  the  tube  with  one  ascending-  ovule  in 
each.  Style  long-,  sHghtly  lateral.  Fruiting*  carpels  inchided  in  the 
persistent  perianth-tube,  the  segments  deciduous,  each  carpel  growing- 
out  laterally  so  that  the  long"  phmiose  style  appears  almost  basal.  Seed 
not  seen  perfect. — Tree.  Leaves  toothed.  Flowers  3  together  on  short 
axillary  peduncles.     The  whole  plant  highly  aromatic. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  a  single  species  endemic  in  Australia. 

1.  D.  sassafras,  U/idl.  Icotwgr.  t.  10.  A  tree  of  considerable  size 
but  of  irregular  growth,  glabrous  except  the  inilorescence  or  the  young- 
shoots  hoary-tomentose.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  elHptical  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  coarsely  toothed,  narrowed  at  the  base,  2  to  4  in. 


284  Cll.    MMXlMlAfKiE.  [Dori/phora. 

long",  nearly  smootli  on  tlie  upper  side,  prominently  penniveined  nnd 
reticulate  underneatli.  Peduncdes  2  to  3  lines  long-,  with  a  pair  of  very 
deciduous  bracts  of  3  or  4  lines  close  under  tbe  llowers.  Perianth-tube 
about  1  line  long*  wben  in  tiower,  enlarg-ed  and  irregailarly  split  when 
in  fruit,  seg-ments  about  4  lines  long-,  lanceolate,  very  acute.  Anther- 
appendag-es  nearl}^  as  long-  as  tbe  periantb-seg-ments.  Carpels  slightly 
liairv,  the  stvles  leng-tbening-  after  fecundation  into  long*  plumose  awns. 
— Tul.  MonogT.  Monim,  424;  A.  DC.  Prod.  xvi.  ii.  676;  Baill.  Hist. 
Pl.  i.  318,  fig-.  35?  to  359. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  WooUs  and  others  ;  Clarence 
river,  Beclder ;  Manuiug  river,  C.  Moore ;  southward  to  the  Illawana,  A,  Cunningliam, 
lialston. 

Although  the  embryo  has  been  described  by  Endlicher  in  his  Genera  Plantaruni,  it  is 
doubtful  whether  he  had  seen  it,  for  throughout  that  work  the  tribual  characters  are 
repeated  under  each  geuus  without  having  always  verified  them  in  each  case,  and  the 
seed  is  not  figured  iu  his  above-quoted  Icones.  In  the  2nd  Suppl.  to  the  Genera,  p.  35, 
he  proposes  to  substitute  the  name  of  Learo/^a  (Reichb.  Nomencl.  2612,  a  woik  I  can 
find  no  record  of)  for  DorypJiora,  the  latter  being  pre-engaged  by  Zoologists,  a  plea  now 
considered  insufficient  for  changing  a  botanical  name. 


2.  ATHEROSPERMA,  Labill. 

Flowers  dioecious.  Perianth-tube  campanulate,  lobes  8  or  rarely  10 
in  2  rows.  Stamens  usually  from  as  many  to  twice  as  many  as  periantb- 
lobes,  without  staminodia  in  tbe  males ;  filaments  llat,  with  a  wing'- 
like  appendag-e  on  each  side ;  anthers  short,  extrorse,  with  2  distinct 
eells  opening-  from  tbe  base  upwards  in  convex  valves,  the  connective 
truncate.  Carpels  in  the  females  numerous  in  several  rows,  the  outer 
ones  imperfect,  tbe  inner  ones  with  one  erect  ovule  in  each  and  taper- 
ing-  into  long-  styles.  Fruiting-  perianth-tube  persistent,  slig-htl}-  en- 
larg-ed,  enclosing-  numerous  narrow  dry  carpels,  tbe  long-  persistent 
terminal  phimose  styles  exserted,  the  lobes  deciduous.  Pericarp  and. 
testa  of  the  seeds  thin ;  albumen  fleshy.  Embryo  very  small,  with 
short  erect  cotyledons. — Trees.  Leaves  toothed  or  entire.  Flowers 
axillarv,  in  tbe  AustraHan  species  solitary,  in  others  in  cymes  of  3  to  7. 
The  whole  plant  hig-bly  aromatic. 

Besides  the  Australian  species  which  is  eudemic,  the  genus  comprises  one  from  New 
Zealand,  and  (if  Laurelia  be  regarded  as  a  true  congener)  oue  from  extratropical  S. 
America. 

1.  A.  moschata,  LaMll.  Pl.  Nov.  Holl.  ii.  74,  t.  224.  A  tree  attain- 
ing-  a  h^rg-e  size,  tbe  young-  branches  tomentose.  Leaves  ovate  elHptical 
oblong-  or  lanceolate,  acute,  coarsely  and  irreg-ularly  toothed  or  entire, 
contracted  into  a  ratber  short  petiole,  l^  to  3  in.  long-,  coriaceous, 
g-hibrous  above,  g-labrous  glaucous  or  white-tomentose  underneatb,  the 
primary  somewliat  branclied  veins  alone  conspicuous.  Flowers  sohtary 
on  axilhir}'  ])e(kmcles  of  -|  to  \  in.  long-,  at  length  recurved.  Bracts  2, 
ehjse  under  the  ilower,  ovate,  acute,  4  or  5  lines  long-,  silky  inside  and 
out,  very  deciduous.     Male  perianth-tube  ovate-campanulate,  about  3 


Athcro.'<pcnna.]  cii.   mOxVIMIACE.i:.  285 

lines  longj  silky  outside,  g-labrous  inside,  tlie  lobes  4  to  o  lines  long-, 
tlie  outer  ones  broader  tlian  the  inner.  Stamens  about  12,  inserted 
round  the  top  of  the  tube  in  about  3  rows,  without  staminodia  or  im- 
perfect  carpels.  Female  perianth  with  rather  smaller  more  silky  lobes 
than  the  males,  the  tube  broader  and  villous  inside.  Carpels  very 
numerous,  villous,  lining-  the  whole  disk  and  tube  in  numerous  rows, 
the  two  or  three  outer  rows  abortive,  considered  by  some  as  staminodia, 
but  with  the  shape  and  hairs  of  the  carpels  and  tapering-  into  a  minute 
g-labrous  rudimentary  style,  the  numerous  inner  carpels  with  elong-ated 
styles.  Fruiting-  perianth  with  a  persistent  broadly  campanulate  tube 
4  or  5  lines  diameter,  the  lobes  deciduous,  but  the  outer  abortive  carpels 
somewhat  enlarg-ed  and  assuming-  the  appearance  of  2  or  3  rows  of  teeth 
to  the  perianth.— A.  DC.  Prod.  xvi.  ii.  OrO ;  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  i.  320  f 
360  to  364;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  12;  F.  Muell.  PI.  Vict.  i.  24. 

Victoria.  Rare  in  dense  swampy  forest  gullies  towards  Cape  Otway,  more  frequent 
at  the  sources  of  the  Yarra  iu  the  Dandenong  ranges,  and  in  tlie  southern  part  of  Giuos' 
Land,  F.  Mueller.  •       ^^ 

Tasmauia.     Common  in  Beech  forests  throughout  the  ishmd,  /.  D.  HooJcer. 


3.  DAPHNANDRA,  Benth. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth-tube  short,  seg-ments  about  15  in 
about  three  rows.  Stamens  4  or  5,  opposite  the  inner  seg-ments ;  fila- 
ments  llat,  with  a  wing--Iike  appendag-e  on  each  side ;  anthers  short, 
extrorse,  with  2  distinct  cells  opening-  from  the  base  upwards  in  convex 
valves,  the  connective  truncate ;  staminodia  (or  abortive  carpels  ?)  5  to 
12  between  the  stamens  and  carpels.  Carpels  several  in  2  or  3  rows 
with  one  pendulous  ovule  in  each,  and  tapering-  into  the  style.  Fruit 
unknown. — Tree.  Leaves  serrate,  Flowers  small,  in  axillary  thyrsoid 
panicles. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  a  single  species,  endemic  in  Australia.  With  the  stamens  of 
Atherosperma  it  has  the  inflorescence  and  pendulous  ovules  of  J/oZ^t«efZi'a,  and  the  plant 
cannot  well  be  associated  with  either,  although  iu  the  absence  of  fruit,  the  generic  cha- 
racter  is  as  jet  inconiplete. 

1.  D.  micrantha,  Benth.  A  handsome  tree  of  moderate  size,  quite 
glabrous  or  the  young-  inliorescence  minutely  hoary.  Leaves  petiolate, 
oblong^-lanceolate  or  elliptical,  acuminate,  more  or  less  serrate,  contracted 
at  the  base,  3  to  4  in.  long-,  g-reen  on  both  sides,  the  primary  veins 
oblique  and  anastomosing-.  Panicles  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the  flowers 
not  uumerous.  Bracts  scarcely  1  line  long-,  very  deciduous.  Perianth- 
tube  short  and  broad,  outer  segments  broad,  about  1  line  diameter,  inner 
ones  narrower  and  more  petal-like.  Stamens  not  exceeding-  the  perianth. 
Carpels  of  the  ovary  glabrous  or  slightly  hairy,  sessile  in  the  hairy 
receptacle. — Atherosperma  niicranthum,  Tul.  MonogT.  Monim.  in  Arcliiv. 
Mus.  Par.  viii.  421,  t.  34;  Alph.  DC.  Prod.  xvi.  ii.  Q,7(!>. 

Queensland.     Moreton  Bay,  Fraser,  W.  Hill. 

N.   S.  Wales,     Clarence,  Richmond,  and  Lansdowne  rivers,  C.  Mocre. 


286  cii.  MONiMiACEiE.  \Mollincdia. 

4.  MOLLINEDIA,  Ring-  and  Pav. 

Flowers  unisexual,  usually  dioecious.  Periantli  ovoid  g-lobular  or 
turbinate,  nearly  closed  by  4  sbort  connivent  lobes  or  rarely,  in  species 
not  Australian,'  more  deeply  divided  and  spreading-.  Stamens  in  the 
males  indefinite,  few  or  many,  irreg-ularly  lining-  the  inside  of  the 
perianth-tube ;  anthers  sessile  or  nearly  so,  the  cells  confluent  at  the 
apex  and  opening-  longitudinally  round  the  apex  and  to  the  base  on  each 
side,  without  staminodia  or  abortive  carpels.  Female  perianth  circum- 
sciss  after  liowering-;  staminodia  none.  Carpels  usually  numerous, 
covering  the  receptacle  in  many  rows,  with  one  pendulous  ovule  in  each ; 
stvle  very  short  and  obtuse  or  the  stigma  sessile.  Fruiting-  carpels 
several,  oVoid,  drupaceous,  sessile  or  stipitate  on  the  expanded  recep- 
tacle.  Seed  with  a  fleshy  albumen ;  embryo  small,  with  small  erect 
cotvledons,  the  radicle  superior. — Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  entire  or 
toothed.  Flowers  small,  in  axillar}-  lateral  or  almost  terminal  cymes  or 
thyrsoid  panicles.     Bracts  very  small. 

The  genus  is  rather  numerous  in  tropical  America,  but  unknown  elsewhere  besides 
the  Australian  species,  which  are  endemic. 

Leaves  coriaceous,  much  reticulate  undemeath,  the  petioles  short. 

Young  parts  often  pubescent.  Ovary  and  young  fruits  villous  .  1.  M.Suegeliana. 
Leaves  membranous  or  chartaceous,  obtuse,  the  veins   scarcely  pro- 

minent.     Petioles  rather  long.     Flowers  and  fruit  glabrous     .     .     2.  M.  Wardellii. 

Species  insufficiently  known. 
Leaves  nearly  of  M.  Wardellii.    Stamens  unknown.    Carpels  of  the 

fruit  obtusely  and  obliquely  acuminate 3.  J/.  loxocarya. 

Leaves  nearly  of  M.  WardeUii,  but  acutely  acuminate.     Stamens 

crowded  on  the  disk.     Fruit  unknown 4.  J/.  acuminata. 

1.  M.  Huegeliana,  Tul.  in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  Ser.  4.  iii.  45,  and  in  Archiv. 
Mus.  Par.  viii.  JiUO.  A  small  tree,  the  young  shoots  inflorescence  and 
underside  of  the  leaves  usually  pubescent.  Leaves  on  short  petioles, 
ovate-elliptical  to  oblong--lanceolate,  obtuse  or  shortly  acuminate,  entire 
or  bordered  by  short  rigid  teeth,  rounded  or  rarely  acute  at  the  base, 
mostly  3  to  4  in.  long-,  but  varying-  to  short  and  broad  or  long-  and 
narrow,  more  coriaceous  and  shining;  al)ove  than  other  species,  strong-ly 
reticidate.  Flowers  apparently  dioecious,  in  little  cj-mes  or  thjTsoid 
panicles  very  short  and  sessile  or  nearly  so  in  the  axils,  pedicels  rather 
long  in  the  males  with  a  very  short  common  peduncle,  the  pedicels 
shorter  in  the  females  with  a  long-er  peduncle  or  rhachis,  almost  form- 
ing-  a  few-flowered  raceme  of  about  an  inch.  Male  perianth  g-labrous, 
nearly  globular,  about  1  line  diameter,  the  small  orifice  almost  closed 
by  4  minute  broad  lobes,  2  inside  the  2  others  and  1  or  2  outer  lobes 
(or  adnate  bracts  ?)  opposite  the  inner  ones.  Stamens  8  to  14,  irreg-u- 
larly  lining-  the  perianth  as  in  American  MolUnedia.  Female  periauth 
larg^er,  very  villous  inside,  circumsciss  after  flowering*.  Carpels  numerous 
and  villous.  Drupes  sessile  on  the  base  of  the  perianth  or  disk,  expanded 
to  a  diameter  of  3  or  4  lines,  ovoid-g'lobose,  ^  in.  long,  pubescent  or 
at  length  glabrous. —  Wilkiea  Euegeliana,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xvi.  ii.  669. 


MulUnetUu.']  cii.  monimiace.e.  287 

Queensland.     Biisbane  river,  Moroton  Bay,  A.  Cimiuiu/hain,  Fraser,  F.  Mueller. 
N.  S. 'Wales.     Hastings  river,   Beckler ;    Riclimond   river,    Ilenderson ;    Cook'a 
river,  U.  S.  Exploritig  Fxpedition ;  Kiama,  Harvey. 

The  female  arid  fruiting  specimens  are,  when  glabrons,  very  difficult  to  distinguish 
frora  those  of  Kibara  iwtcrophi/lla.  Tlie  stamens  are  very  different.  It  is  this  species 
that  F.  Mueller  aUudes  to  under  WiUciea  calyptrocalyx,  Fragm.  v.  3,  as  having  as 
many  as  13  stamina. 

2.  M.  Wardellii,  F.  Mudl.  Fra(/m.  v.  155.  A  g-labrous  shrub. 
Leaves  ovate  elliptical  or  obovate-oblong-,  obtuse,  obscurely  crenulate, 
contracted  into  a  ratlier  long'  petiole,  mostly  about  2  in.  lon»-,  but 
varying-  from  l^  to  3  in.,  of  a  mucb  thinner  consistence  than  in 
M.  Hiief/cUami,  and  the  primary  veins  scarcely  conspicuous.  Panicles 
thyrsoid,  loose,  often  as  long-  as  the  leaves.  Pedicels  2  to  8  lines  lono-. 
Male  perianth  obovoid,  globular,  1|  lines  diameter,  with  4  short  broad 
connivent  lobes.  Stamens  15  to  20,  irreg-ularly  lining-  the  perianth  as 
in  the  American  MoUinedife.  Female  flower  not  seen.  Fruitino* 
periantli  circumsciss,  the  carpels  or  drupes  ovoid-g-lobular,  obtuse,  g-la- 
brous,  4  to  5  lines  long-,  very  shortly  stipitate  on  the  flat  expanded 
perianth-base  or  disk. —  WardeUia pamciilata,  F.  Muell.  l.c. 

Queenslaud.     Eockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

3.  M.  ?  loxocarya,  Bcnth.  A  g-labrous  shrub,  apparently  very  nearly 
allied  to  M.  WardeUii,  the  branches  often  compressed  under  the  leaves 
as  in  Kihara  macropht/Ua.  Leaves  elliptical-oblong-,  contracted  into  a 
rather  long-  petiole  as  in  M.  WardeUii  and  of  the  same  consistence 
obtuse  or  shortly  acuminate,  quite  entire,  3  to  4  in.  long-.  Flowers  not 
seen.  Fruiting-  panicles  1|-  to  2  in.  long-,  resembling  those  of  M. 
WardeUii,  but  with  a  pair  of  small  leaves  under  the  first  pair  of  peduncles 
and  the  carpels  or  drupes  closely  sessile,  ovoid  and  shortly  obliquely 
and  obtusely  acuminate. 

Queensland.     Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

4.  M.  ?  acuminata,  F.  MiieU.  Fragm.  v.  155.  A  small  tree,  quite 
g-labrous  or  the  inflorescence  slig-htly  pubescent.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate 
or  elliptical,  acutely  acuminate,  contracted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole 
entire  or  obscurely  and  irreg"ularly  denticulate,  2  to  3  in.  long-,  rather 
thinner  even  than  in  the  last  two  species  but  not  seen  in  an  old  state. 
Panicles  thyrsoid,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  axillary  or  terminal.  Flowers 
small  and  dryiug-  black  as  in  the  Australian  MoUinedice.  Male  perianth 
g-labrous,  depressed-g-lobular,  about  l^  lines  diameter,  with  2  short 
broad  bracteoles  sometimes  adnate  at  the  base ;  lobes  8  in  2  rows  the 
4  outer  ones  orbicular  and  much  imbricate,  the  4  inner  narrower  and 
almost  valvate.  Anthers  rather  numerous,  nearly  sessile,  occupyino* 
the  whole  disk  or  with  a  few  abortive  hairy  carpels  in  the  centre  •  the 
outer  ones  with  2  parallel  dorsal  cells  opening-  long-itudinally  as  in 
Hedycarya,  the  inner  ones  with  the  cells  confluent  at  the  apex  as  in 
MoUinetUa.     Female  flowers  and  fruits  unknown. 

Queeuslaud.     Rockingham  Bay,  Dallacliy. 


288  cii-  MOMMiACE^.  [Mollinedia. 

'J'liis  plant,  witli  the  habit  and  general  aspect  nearly  of  M.  Wardellii,  is  evidently 
not  a  cung-ener,  the  perianfh  and  andrcecium  being  much  uearer  to,  although  certainly 
iiot  ideiitical  witii,  those  of  Iledijcarj/a.  In  the  absence,  however,  uf  female  flowers 
and  fiiiits  its  real  genus  cannot  be  determined,  and  I  have  therefore  refrained  from 
o-iving  it  a  new  name  to  be  rejected  hereafter  as  another  superfluous  synonym. 


5.  KIBARA,  Endl. 

(Brongiiiartia,  Blume  ;  Sciadicarpus,  Ilassl:;  Sarcostigma,  Grif.;  Wilkica, 

F.  Muell) 

P'lowers  unisexual,  nsnally  moncecious.  Pevianth  ovoid  julobular  or 
hemispherical,  nearlv  closedby  4  short  connivent  lobes  or  teeth,  usually 
(but  not  in  all  specnes)  intiexed,  or  thickened  inside  in  the  females. 
Male  fl.  Stamens  4  opposite  the  perianth-lobes,  the  filaments  flattened 
and  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  tube,  and  above  tlieir  union  either  dis- 
tinct  or  united  in  a  cup  or  ring-,  always  shorter  than  the  perianth,  and 
usually  1,  2,  or  3  sliorter  stamens  within  the  four  ;  anther-cells  con- 
fluentin  a  sing-le  terminal  cell  opening-  long-itudinally.  No  rudimentary 
carpels.  Female  perianth  circumsciss.  Staminodia  none  (unless  the 
thickened  interior  of  the  perianth-lobes  be  regarded  as  such).  Carpels 
several,  often  numerous,  with  1  pendulous  ovule  in  each.  Style  short 
and  obtuse.  Fruiting-  carpels  several,  ovoid,  drupaceous,  sessile  or 
stipitate  on  the  expanded  receptacle.  Seed  with  a  fleshy  albumen ; 
embryo  small,  with  small  erect  cotyledons,  the  radicle  superior. — Trees 
or  shrubs.  Leaves  entire  or  acutely  toothed.  Flowers  small,  in 
axillary  or  hateral  cymes  or  panicles.     Bracts  very  small. 

Besides  the  Australian  species,  which  are  endemic,  the  genus  comprises  one  or  per- 
haps  3  or  4  from  the  Malayan  Peninsuha  and  the  Indian  Archipehigo.  Tulasne 
indicated  its  close  affinity  to  31ollinedia.  Baillon,  in  uniting  it  with  that  gcuus,  adds 
also  Mattlma,  Bhmie,  which  I  have  not  seen,  but  which,  if  Blume's  figure  is  correct, 
appears  nearer  to  Eedycarya  in  the  insertion  and  form  though  not  in  the  number  of 
stamens.  The  fruits  of  MoUinedia,  Kibara,  and  Hedycarya  supply  no  generic  distinc- 
tive  characters. 
riowers  and  the  whole  plant  glabrous. 

Leaves  narrow,  rigidiy  coriaceous.    Petioles  short.    luflorescence 

very  short.     Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long \.  K.  macrophylla. 

Leaves  broad,  thinly  coriaceous.     Inflorescence  loose.     Pedicels 

1  in.  long  or  more  2.  K.  lonyipes. 

Inflorescence  and  often  the  foliage  pubescent. 

Panicles  loose.     Carpels  stipitate 3.  iT.  laxiflora. 

Panicles  short.     Carpels  sessile 4.  X.  pubescens. 

1.  K.  macrophylla,  Benth.  A  tree  of  considerable  size,  perfectly 
g-labrous  in  all  its  parts.  Leaves  on  very  short  petioles,  oblong-  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  shortly  acuminate,  bordered  by  short  pung-ent-pointed 
teeth  or  almost  or  quite  entire,  cuneate  roundetl  or  cordate  at  the  base, 
rifidlv  coriaceous,  shining-  and  reticulate.  Inflorescence  simple  or 
branched,  axillary,  very  short,  rarely  above  f  in.  long-.  Pedicels 
slender,  2  to  8  lines  long-,  with  a  small  bract  close  under  the  flower. 
Perianth  globular,  cjuite  g-labrous,  about  1  line  diameter,  the  females 
with  a  minute  orifice  very  minutely  4-toothed  with  thick  reflexed  fleshy 


Kibai-a.]  cii.  monimiaceje.  289 

glands  (points  of  the  lobes  ?  or  staminodia  ?)  inside,  the  males  rather 
less  closed  and  not  thickened.  Staraens  in  the  males  4  opposite  the 
lobes,  shortly  free,  -with  very  short  broad  fihiments,  and  1  or  2  smaller 
ones  inside.  Carpels  in  the  females  12  to  15,  perfectly  g'labrous, 
with  broad  thick  iiat  sessile  stig'mas.  Drupes  closely  sessile,  ovoid, 
smooth  and  g-lnbrous,  about  h  in.  long-. — Hedi/cart/a  macrophyUa,  A. 
Cunn.  in  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  Ser.  1,  i.  215  ;  Mollinedia  viacrophyUa,  Tul. 
in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  Ser.  4,  iii.  45,  and  in  Archiv.  Mus.  Par.  viii.  401 ; 
Wilkiea  calyptrocalyx,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  64  and 
Frag'm.  v.  3  (partly)  ;    W.  macropliyUa,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xvi.  ii.  669. 

Queensland.  Endeavour  river,  A.  Cunningham  ;  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay, 
A.  Cunningham,  F.  Mueller,  and  others ;  Rockhampton,  Dallachy,  Thozet,  CShanesy. 

Wr.  S.  Wales.     New  England,  C  Stuart. 

The  fruiting  specimens  sometimes  resemble  some  nearly  glabrous  forms  of  3Iollinedia 
Huegeliana,  with  which  F.  Mueller  unites  this  and  the  three  following  species  as 
varieties  of  one  Wilkiea  calyptrocalyx. 

2.  K.  longipes,  Bcnth.  A  tree  of  considerable  size,  perfectly  g-la- 
brous  in  all  its  parts.  Leaves  elliptical  oblong-  or  ovate,  shortly  acu- 
minate,  entire  or  with  a  few  irreg-ular  teeth,  acute  at  the  base,  4  to  8 
in.  long-,  smooth  and  somewhat  shining-  but  niuch  thinner  than  in  K. 
macrophyUa.  Peduncles  slender,  axiHary  or  supra-axillary,  divaricately 
branched,  forming-  loose  panicles  often  half  as  long'  as  the  leaves  and 
very  broad.  Pedicels  often  1  in.  long-,  slig-htly  thickened  upwards. 
Bracteoles  1  or  2,  minute,  close  under  the  perianth.  Flowers  monoecious, 
the  males  and  females  in  the  same  panicle,  and  the  latter  much  the 
more  numerous  in  our  specimens.  Perianths  nearly  gdobular,  1  to  IJ 
lines  diameter,  the  males  with  4  connivent  lobes,  the  2  outer  broader 
than  the  2  inner,  and  not  thickened  inside ;  females  with  a  small  orifice 
closed  by  4  small  lobes,  2  outer  and  2  inner,  each  with  a  thick  reflexed 
g*land-like  scale  inside.  Stamens  4,  more  or  less  connate,  with  1  or  2 
small  ones  inside.  Carpels  in  the  females  11  to  13,  oblong-,  conical, 
pubescent,  with  small  g'labrous  stig-matic  tips.  Perianth  circumsciss 
after  flowering-.  Drupes  ovoid,  about  |-  in.  long-,  giabrous  or  smooth, 
very  shortly  stipitate  on  the  expanded  cUsk  or  base  of  the  perianth. 

Queensland,  Dallachy.  Verj  closely  allied  to,  but  perhaps  really  distinct  from 
the  Malayan  K.  coriacea. 

3.  K.  laxifiora,  Bcnth.  A  small  tree,  the  young*  branches  and 
foliage  more  or  less  pubescent.  Leaves  elliptical  or  oblong-,  acuminate 
or  obtuse,  rounded  or  acute  at  the  base,  entire  or  slig-htly  toothed,  2  to 
4  in.  long-.  Panicles  axillary  or  from  leafless  nodes,  trichotomous  and 
loose,  but  usually  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the  males  more  branched 
and  with  more  flowers  tlian  the  females,  but  sometimes  both  sexes  in 
the  same  panicle.  Pedicels  2  to  4  lines  long-,  bearing-  often  a  small 
bract  at  some  distance  from  the  flower.  Male  perianth  depressed- 
fflobular,  1  to  1-^-  lines  diameter,  tlie  orifice  almost  closed  by  4  small 
lobes.  Stamens  4,  united  in  a  broad  fleshy  cup  or  tube,  pubescent  in- 
side,  without  any  additional  inner  stamens  in  the  flowers  examined. 

VOL.   V.  u 


290  cii.  MONiMiACEiE.  [Kibara. 

Female  perianth  similar  to  the  male,  but  twice  the  size,  with  amore 
minute  oriiice,  and  circumsciss  after  Howerinp-,  neither  male  nor  female 
with  any  inflexed  point  or  scale  within  the  lobes.  Carpels  above  30, 
hispid,  with  short  g-hibrous  stig-matic  styles,  connivent  and  ahnost 
coherent  at  the  tips,  Drupes  nearly  globuhir  or  shortly  ovoid,  nearly 
^  in.  long-,  distinctly  stipitate  on  the  expanded  disk  or  base  of  the 
perianth. 

Queensland.     Rockingham  Eay,  Dallachy. 

4.  K.  pubescens,  Bcnth.  A  tree,  the  branches  inflorescence  and 
young-  foUage  more  or  less  pubescent,  the  older  leaves  often  glabrous 
or  nearly  so.  Leaves  from  broadly  ovate-elliptical  to  oblong--lanceolate, 
obtuse  or  shortly  and  obtusely  acuminate,  shortly  and  rigidly  toothed 
or  nearly  entire",  rounded  at  the  base,  becoming-  at  length  coriaceous 
with  the  veins  prominent  underneath,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  on  petioles  of  \ 
to  ^  in.  Flowers  in  sniall  cymes  or  clusters  sometimes  lengthened  into 
short  thyrsoid  panicles,  which  are  sessile  or  peduncvilate,  but  usually 
scarcely  '\  so  long-  as  the  leaves.  Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Bracts 
adnate  to  the  perianth.  Perianth  about  1  line  diameter,  nearly  globular, 
the  orifice  closed  with  4  small  lobes,  thin  in  the  males,  thickened  inside 
in  the  females.  Stamens  4  opposite  to  the  perianth  lobes,  the  filaments 
shortly  free  and  distinct,  with  1  or  2  smaller  stamens  within  them. 
Female  perianth  circumsciss.  Carpels  nimierous,  villous,  with  thick 
g-labrous  nearly  sessile  stig-mas.  Drupes  closely  sessile  on  the  dilated 
disk  or  base  of  the  periantli,  ovoid,  glal)rous  or  nearly  so,  3  to  4  lines 
long". 

Queensland.     Rockiiigliam  Baj-,  Dallachy  (witli  the  flowers  chiefly  males).' 

N.  S.  Wales.  Kichniond  river,  C.  Jloore  ;  Haslings  and  Clareuce  rivers,  Beckler 
(with  female  flowers  and  fruits). 

The  Queensland  and  N.  S.  Wales  specimens  have  every  appearance  of  belonging  to 
one  species,  but  require  further  investigation.  The  specimeus  I  have  seen  are  rather 
numerous,  but  probably  each  of  the  four  gatherings  from  a  single  tree. 

6.  HEDYCARYA,  Forst. 

Flowers  dicecious.  Perianth  hemispherical  or  flat,  wnth  about  8  (7 
to  10)  small  inflexed  lobes.  Stamens  in  the  males  numerous,  covering* 
the  whole  disk  or  leaving-  a  small  villous  centre,  without  rudimentary 
carpels  ;  anthers  sessile  or  nearly  so,  the  cells  usually  lateral,  distinct, 
opening-  longitudinally.  Carpels  in  the  females  numerous,  sessile,  oc- 
cupying-  the  whole  disk  Avithout  staminodia,  with  one  pendulous  ovule 
in  each,  and  terminating-  in  a  short  thick  obtuse  style.  Fruiting-  carpels 
drupaceous,  small  numerous  crowded  and  almost  coherent  in  the  Aus- 
tralian  species,  larg-er  fewer  and  distinct  (as  in  MoUincdia  and  Kihara)  in 
other  species.  Seed  with  a  fleshy  albumen.  Embr^-o  small,  with  erect 
cotyledons. — Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  toothed  or  entire.  Flowers  in 
short  axillary  cymes  or  raceme-like  panicles.     Bracts  small  or  none. 

Eesidos  the  Australian  species  wliicli  is  endemic,  there  is  one  fiom  New  Zcaland  and 
another  from  thc  ishmds  of  the  S.  racific.  Ihe  above-described  Molllrndia  ?  acumi- 
nata  may  possibly  prove  to  be  a  second  AuBtralian  species  of  Hedycarya. 


Hedycarya.'\  cii.  monimiace^.  291 

1.  H,  angustifolia,  A.  Cunn.  in  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  Ser.  1,  i.  215.  A 
tall  slirul)  or  small  tree,  tlie  young"  shoots  and  inflorescence  slig-htly 
hoary-puhescent,  the  adult  parts  g-labrous.  Leaves  on  rather  long' 
petioles,  froni  ovate-elliptical  to  ohlong--kinceohate,  shortly  acuminate, 
acute  or  rarely  rounded  at  the  base,  irreg'uhirly  serrate-crenate  or 
almost  entire,  mostly  3  to  4  in.  long",  rigidly  membranous,  penniveined 
and  broadly  reticuhite.  Flowers  in  short  axillary  raceme-hke  cymes, 
the  pedicels  very  variable  in  length.  Bracts  usually  very  small  or  none, 
rarely  hirg-er  and  leaf-like.  Perianth  flatly  hemispherical,  2i  to  3  Hnes 
diameter,  with  8  or  10  small  inflexed  lobes.  Stamens  very  numerous, 
covering-  the  whole  disk  or  conceaUng"  a  very  small  central  space. 
Female  perianth  at  first  smaller  than  the  male,  with  smaller  inflexed 
lobes,  which  become  reflexed  as  the  disk  and  carpels  enlarg-e.  Carpels 
very  numeroi;s,  surrounded  by  a  few  abortive  ones  (or  staminodia  ?). 
Drupes  10  to  20,  nearly  glohular  and  succulent,  each  1  to  1|  lines  dia- 
meter,  all  closely  packed  and  almost  connate  in  a  globuhir  fruit  of  3  or 
4  lines  diameter.  Endocarps  crustaceous,  minutely  rug-ose. — H.  Cun- 
ninghamii,  TuL  in  Arch.  Mus.  Par.  viii.  408  ;  //.  dfntata,  var.  australasica, 
Sond.  in  Linna?a  xxviii.  228  ;  H.  australasica,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xvi.  ii. 
673  5  H.  pseudoniorus,  F.  MuelL  in  Trans.  PhiL  Inst.  Vict.  ii.  63,  PL 
Vict.  i.  23,  t.  suppL  2. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Hastings  river,  Fraser ;  Hastings  and  Clarence  rivers,  Beckler; 
Hastings  and  ]\Iacleay  rivers,  C  Moore ;  New  England,  C  Stuart ;  Blue  Moiintains, 
M.  Cunningham,  Miss  Atklnson ;  southward  to  lllawarra,  Backhoiise ;  Twofold  Bay, 
F.  Mueller. 

Victoria.  In  moist  forest  gullies  of  tlie  fern-tree  country  frora  Cape  Otway  to 
Mount  Disappointment,  and  tlircugh  the  Western  Port  district  and  Gipps'  Land  to 
Wilson^s  Promontory,  F.  Mucller. 

The  leaves  are  so  variable  in  breadth  on  the  same  specimen,  that  it  is  impossible  on 
that  ground  to  separate  two  distinct  varieties. 

7.  PALMERIA,  F.  MuelL 

Flowers  dioecious.  Male  perianth  hemispherical,  with  4  or  5  conni- 
vent  lobes.  Stamens  numerous,  without  staminodia  or  rudimentary 
carpels  ;  anthers  sessile  or  nearly  so  ;  the  cells  distinct,  opening-  long-i- 
tudinally.  Female  perianth  nearly  globular,  with  a  minute  orifice, 
staminodia  none.  Carpels  numerous,  with  1  pendulous  ovule  in  each  ; 
styles  filiform  sHghtly  protruding-  throug-h  the  orifice  of  the  perianth. 
Fruiting-  perianth  enlarg-ed,  irreg-ularly  globular  or  pear-shaped,  com- 
pletely  enclosing-  the  drupes.  Seed  pendulous,  but  not  seen  ripe. — 
Woody  climbers  (or  trees  ?).  Leaves  entire.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary 
raceme-Kke  c^Tnes  or  panicles.     Bracts  none. 

The  genus  is  endemic  in  Australia. 

Stamens  about  20,  surrounding  a  small  hairy  disk 1 .  P.  scandens. 

Stamens  about  60,  occupying  the  whole  disk 2.  P.  racemosa. 

1.  P.  scandens,  F.  Mucll.  Fragm.  iv.  152,  v.  2.  A  tall  woody 
cHmber,  the  branches  minutely  tomentose  or  woolly  pubescent.    Leaves 

u2 


292  cii.  MONiMiACK.E.  [PalmeHa. 

sliortly  petiolate,  ovate  or  broadly  elliptical,  aeuminate,  3  to  5  in.  long-, 
hoary-tomentose  on  both  sides  or  at  lenoth  g-hibrons  above.  Male  in- 
florescences  somewhat  branched  and  half"  as  long  as  the  leaves,  female 
shorter  and  more  simple.  Male  perianth  about  2  hnes  diameter,  flat  on 
the  top,  the  lobes  connivent  and  produced  into  long-  points  inflexed  over 
the  stamens  into  the  centre  of  the  disk  before  the  flower  expands. 
Stamens  in  the  flowers  examined  16  to  20,  surrounding-  in  several  rows 
a  small  liairy  disk ;  anthers  oblong-,  slig-htly  hairy,  not  long-er  than  the 
perianth.  Female  perianth  about  Ih  lines  diameter,  densely  villous 
inside.    Carpels  10  or  more,  g-labrous,  tapering- into  the  style.    Fruiting 

?erianth  irregularly  shaped,  more  or  less  fleshy,  about  h  in.  diameter. 
)rupes  glabrous,  with  a  thin  exocarp  and  hard  bony  endocarp.     Seed 
with  a  membranous  testa,  pendulous  from  near  the  apex  of  the  cavity, 
with  a  rather  h^ng-  hihim,   the  inside   dried  up  and  the  embryo  unde- 
veloped  in  all  the  drupes  opened. — A.  DC.  Prod.  xvi.  ii.  657. 
Queensland.     Eoclsingliam  Bay,  Dallachy. 

2.  ?  P.  racemosa,  A.  DC.  Prod.  xvi.  ii.  657.  A  tree  (Ttdasne)  with 
the  fohag-e  inflorescence  and  indumentum  of  P.  scaridens,  or  the  leaves 
rather  more  contracted  at  the  base.  Male  flowers  also  the  same,  except 
that  the  stamens  are  60  or  more,  and  occupy  the  whole  disk  of  the 
flower.  Female  flowers  and  fruits  unknown. — Hedycarya  racemosa,  TuL 
in  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  Ser.  4,  iii.  45,  and  in  Archiv.  Mus.  Par.  viii.  409,  t.  34. 

Queensland?  or  N.  S.  V^ales  ?  "  New  Holland,"  Baume,  Huegel;  probably 
from  Moreton  Bay,  or  from  tbe  northern  districts  of  N.  S.  Wales.  I  bave  not  seen  tbe 
specimens,  but  if  tbe  description  is  correct,  notwitbstanding  tbe  general  resemblance  to 
P.  scandens  sbown  bj  tbe  figure,  it  must  be  a  distinct  species  if  a  real  congener. 

Specimens  of  a  tall  climber  froni  Paramatta  and  tbe  Blue  Mountains,  Woolh  (in 
Herb.  F.  Muell.),  in  leaf  only,  may  belong  to  P.  scandens  or  to  some  allied  species. 
Otber  similar  specimens  from  M'Leod's  Creek,  C  Stiiart,  said  to  be  from  a  sbrub  of  12 
to  15  ft.,  bave  some  female  flowers  in  very  young  bud,  wbicb  in  tbat  state  resemble 
those  of  P.  scandens,  butare  not  sufficiently  advanced  for  accurate  idenlification. 

8.  PIPTOCALYX,  Oliv. 

Flowers  polyg-amous.  Perianth-tube  or  disk  very  short,  seg-ments 
about  6,  nearly  equal,  in  2  rows,  very  deciduous.  Stamens  indefinite, 
filaments  fihform ;  anthers  oblong^-hnear,  adnate,  the  cells  distinct  and 
parallel,  opening-  long-itudinally ;  no  rudimentary  carpels  in  the  male 
tiowers.  Hermaplirodite  flowers  with  stamens  as  in  the  males  and  a 
sing-le  carpel,  with  a  sing-le  pendulous  anatropous  ovule  and  a  sessile 
broad  stig-ma.  Fruit  unknown. — Woody  chmber.  Leaves  opposite, 
entire.  Flowers  in  simple  racemes,  the  males  oj)posite  with  the  terminal 
flower  hermaphrodite. 

The  genus  consists  of  tbe  single  Australian  species.  The  babit  is  tbat  of  Palmeria, 
but  tbe  flowers  arc  very  different,  and  tbe  fruit  being  nnknown  the  affinity  is  doiibtiul. 
I  am  unable,  bowever,  to  trace  any  closer  connection  with  any  other  Order  tban  that 
which  it  evidently  bears  to  Monitmacece. 

1.  P.  Moorei,  Oliv.  in  Hcrh.  Kew.  A  woody  chmber  of  30  to  40 
ft.  (C.   Moore),  the  branches  inflorescence  and  principal  veins  on  the 


PiptOCalyx.]  CII.    MONIMIACEiE.  29^3 

underside  of  the  leaves  ferrug-inous  with  rather  long-  soft  hairs.  Leaves 
petiohite,  ovate-lanceolate,  with  a  long'  narrow  point,  entire  or  ohscurely 
crenate,  rounded  at  the  hase,  3  to  4  in.  long-,  rather  thin,  shining- 
above,  pale  opaque  and  minutely  g-hinduhi,r-dotted  underneath,  theveins 
conspicuous  on  both  sides.  Racemes  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the  pedi- 
cels  very  short.  Bracts  small  and  very  deciduous.  Perianth-seg-ments 
very  deciduous,  the  outer  ones  ovate-orbicuhir,  \^  lines  long-,  hirsute 
outside,  the  inner  ones  elHptical  or  obovate-oblong-,  thin,  all  more  or  less 
dotted  with  immersed  glands.  Stamens  about  15,  about  1  line  long, 
the  fihiments  rather  shorter  than  the  anthers  ;  anthers  tipped  by  a  short 
appendag-e  to  the  connective.  Ovary  g-labrous,  oblong-,  about  1  hne  lon^. 
N.  S.  \irales.     Hastings  river,  C.  Moore. 


Order  CIII.   LAURINEiE. 

Perianth  reg'ular,  the  tube  very  short  or  none  at  the  time  of  flower- 
ing-,  sometimes  enlarg-ed  over  or  under  the  fruit,  or  rarel}'  adnate  to  the 
ovary  and  fruit ;  seg'ments  6  or  rarely  fewer,  all  equal  or  3  outer  ones 
smaller,  imbricate  in  the  bud.  Stamens  normally  twice  as  many  as 
perianth-segments,  6  opposite  them  with  introrse  anthers,  0  within  and 
opposite  to  the  outer  ones  with  the  anthers  extrorse  in  some  genera,  in- 
trorse  in  others,  but  in  many  genera  3  or  sometimes  all  of  the  inner 
stamens,  and  in  others  3  or  all  of  the  outer  ones  reduced  to  short  sta- 
minodia  or  wanting",  and  in  some  flowers  the  stamens  abnormally  and 
irreg"uhirly  increased  or  diminished  in  number  ;  there  are  also  frequently 
a  pair  of  sessile  or  stipitate  rather  larg-e  g'lands,  one  on  each  side  of  the 
filament  either  of  the  inner  or  rarely  of  the  outer  of  tlie  two  stamens 
opposed  to  the  inner  perianth-seg-ments  ;  anthers  adnate,  with  2  col- 
lateral  cells  or  2  superposed  pairs  of  cells,  each  cell  opening-  in  a  valve 
from  the  base  upwards  or  in  Hemundia  from  the  inner  to  the  outer  side. 
Ovary  free,  or  in  Henumdia  adnate,  consisting-  of  a  singie  carpel  with 
one  ovule  suspended  from  the  apex  of  tlie  cavity  from  a  funicle  adnate 
to  its  side,  or  rarely  witli  a  second  small  abortive  ovule.  Style  simple, 
often  very  short,  with  a  capitate  disk-shaped  or  obliquely  dilated  stigma, 
entire  or  shortly  and  irregularly  lobed.  Fruit  a  berry  or  drupe,  rarely 
dry  or  nearly  so,  the  perianth  entirely  deciduous,  or  the  tube  enlarg"ed 
and  disk-shaped  or  cup-shaped  under  the  fruit  or  more  or  less  succulent 
and  closing-  over  it  or  adnate  to  it.  Seed  pendulous,  with  a  membra- 
nous  or  (in  Hernandia)  a  hard  testa,  withuut  alljumen.  Embryo  with 
thick  ileshy  cotyledons  lilling-  the  seed,  enclosing-  the  plumula  and  short 
superior  radicle. — Trees  or  shrubs  with  alternate  or  rarely  irreg'ularly 
opposite  leaves,  more  or  less  giandular-dotted  and  aromatic  (except  in 
Hernandia)  usually  entire  and  everg-reen,  or,  in  Cassytha,  leafless  parasi- 
tical  twiners.  Stipules  none.  Flowers  usually  small,  in  cymes  reduced 
sometimes  to  clusters  umbels  or  heads,  the  cymes  solitary  or  arrang-ed 
in  racemes,  clusters,  or  panicles ;  or,  in  Cassytha,  the  flowers  singiy  ar- 
rang-ed  in  spikes  or  racemes. 


294  CIII.    LAURINE^. 

A  considerable  Order,  abundant  in  tropical  Asia  and  America,  less  so  in  Africa,  witii 
a  vory  few  species  penetrating  irito  more  temperate  re<;ions  both  in  the  northern  and 
soiitliern  hemisphcre.  Of  the  eight  Australian  genera  seven  are  Asiatic,  three  of  them 
exclusively  so  (besides  the  Australian  species),  tlie  toiir  othors  with  a  few  Amcrican 
representatives  and  two  of  thcra  also  African ;  the  sixth  genus  has  besides  only  two 
Kew  Zeaiand  species.  but  it  is  nearly  alht-d  to  an  Asiatic  genus,  and  as  far  as  known, 
still  closor  to  a  sraall  West  Indian  one.  The  large,  more  e.-,pecially  the  Amcrican 
genera,  are  none  of  thein  represented  in  Australia. 

SuBORDEK  I.  IjaureBe. —  Trees  or  sliruhs  with  perfect  leaves.  Anther-valves  open- 
ivg  upwards. 

Three  stamens,  belonging  to  the  inner  series,  with  extrorse  anthers. 
Anthers  2-celled. 

Stamcns  of  the  outer  series  (usually  6)  perfect. 

Ovary  more  or  less   immersed   in  the  perianth-tube,  which 

completely  encloses  tlie  fruit _...,.!.  Ckyptocarya. 

Ovary  not  immersed.     Perianth  completely  deciduous      .     .     2.  Nesodaphnk. 
Stamens  of  the  outer  series  rediiced  to  a  thick  prominent  ring 
or  entirelv   deficient.      Perianth  deciduous  or  scarcely  en- 

larged  under  the  iruit 3.  E.ndiakdra. 

Anthers  4-celled.     Stamens  of  the  outer  series  (usually  6)  perfect. 

Perianth  scarcely  enlarged  under  the  fruit 4.  Cixnamomum. 

All  the  stamens  wMth  introrse  anthers.     Flowers  dicecious,  in  heads 
or  umbels,  with  an  involucre  of  about  4  bracts. 
Perfect  stamens  9  or  more.     Perianth  usually  6-merous       ...     5.  Tetranthera. 
Perfect  stamens  6  or  fewer.     Perianth  usually  4-merous      ...     6.  Lits^a. 

SuBORDER  II.  Cass^rtlieEe. — Leafless  pai-asiiical  twiners.  Anther-valves  ojyening 
upwards. 

Single  genus 7.  Cassytha. 

SuBORDER  III.  Hernandieae. —  Trees  with  perfect  leaves.  Anther-valves  opening 
laterally. 

Single  genus 8.  Hernandia. 

SuBORDER  1.  Laure^. — Trees  or  shruLs  witli  perfect  leaves. 
Flowers  in  cymes  umbels  or  clusters,  whicli  are  clustered  or  arrang-ed 
in  racemes  or  panicles,  rarely  solitary.  Anther-valves  opening"  upwards. 
Seeds  with  distinct  thick  and  llesh}-  cot^^ledons. 


1.  CRYPTOCARYA,  R.  Br. 

(Caryodajihne,  Blume.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth-seg-ments  6,  equal  or  nearly  so. 
Stamens  of  the  outer  series  6,  all  perfect  with  introrse  anthers,  of  the 
inner  series  3  with  extrorse  anthers,  alternating-  with  3  short  staminodia ; 
glands  6  at  the  base  of  the  inner  perfect  stamens  or  ahiiost  as  near  to 
the  outer  ones  opposed  to  them.  Anthers  all  t3-celled.  Ovary  im- 
mersed  in  the  perianth-tube  which  after  tiowering-  closes  over  the  ovary, 
and  finally  becomes  more  or  less  lleshy  or  succulenr,  completely  enclos- 
ing-  and  usually  consolidated  with  the  fruit,  the  limb  of  the  "perianth 
deciduous  leaving-  a  small  scar  at  the  apex  or  rarely  persistent. — Trees 
or  tall  shrubs.  Flowers  small,  in  cymes  arrang-ed  in  axillary  racemes 
or  panicles,  the  upper  ones  often  forming-  an  apparently  terminal  panicle 


Cryptocarija.]  ciri.  laurine^.  295 

with  tlie  subtending'  leaves  very  small  or  deficient.     Fruiting-  perianths 
globuhir  ovoid  or  oblong-,  having-  the  appearance  of  inferior  fruits. 

The  ETfinus  is  chiefly  Asiatii^,  with  a  iew  sjjecies  from  S.  Afriea  and  S.  America.  The 
Australian  species  appear  to  be  ail  emleniic. 

Nees  and  Meissner  distinguisli  Carijodaphne  from  Cryptocarya  \>y  the  triplinerved 
leaves  and  the  adliercnce  of  tlie  fruiiiny;  perianih-tube  to  the  pericarp,  but  I  can  find  no 
ditferenre  in  the  hxtter  respect  betweeu  ilie  fruits  of  thc  tyijical  C.  glauccscens  and  those 
of  C.  triplinervis,  and  the  triplinerved  ve:iation,  tlious^li  well  marked  in  two  species 
and  in  some  leaves  of  C.  triplimruis,  passes  graduallj  into  the  penniveined  arrange- 
nient  in  otlier  leaves  of  the  latter  species,  and  in  no  case  draws  any  natural  line  of 
demarcation  between  the  two. 

F.  Mueller,  Fragm.  v.  170,  observes  that  the  generic  name  of  Crypfocarya  must  give 
■way  to  the  oKler  narae  of  Peuinus  estabjished  by  IMnlina  in  his  Natural  History  of 
Chili ;  but  if  he  had  turned  to  that  work,  he  would  have  at  once  seen  why  the  so-called 
genera  there  proposed  are  in  most  cases  inadmissible.  Jlolina  gives  no  generic  cha- 
racters,  and  in  the  present  instance,  under  the  nnme  of  Peumus  he  inchides  three  or 
four  species  belonging  to  at  least  three  genera  and  two  natural  orders. 
Inflorescence  pubescent  or  villous. 

Leaves  penniveined,  with  the  reticuhitions  very  conspicuous 
underneatli,  scarcely  so  above. 
Panicies  very  villous,  compact.     Leaves  6  to  10  in.  long. 

Fruit  nearly  globuhir 1.    C.  Murrayi. 

Panicles  tomentose-pubescent,    loose   and  many-flowered. 

Leaves  4  to  8  in.  long.     Fruit  ovoid 2.   C.  3Iachinnoniana. 

Panicles  tomentose-pubescent,  loose,  few-flowered.  Leaves 
2  to  5  in.  long,  softly  pubescent  underneath  till  ohi,  the 
reticulations    less   raised    than  iu    the   t\yo    preceding 

species.     Fruit  oblong 3.   C.  patentinervii. 

Leaves  penniveined,  the  reticulations  faint  or  equally  promi- 
nent  ou  both  sides.     Fruit  globuhir. 
Leaves  thickly  coriaceous,  smooth  and  shining  above,  the 
primary  veins    very  prominent  underueath,  the  reticu- 

lations  inconspicuous 4.   C.  ohovata. 

Leaves  more  or  iess  coriaceous,  the  reticulations  fine,  con- 

spicuons  or  obsolete  nn  botli  sides       5.   C.  glaucescens. 

Leaves  mt^re  or  less  triplinerved  or  quintuplinerved. 

Leaves  usually  pubescent  uiiilerneath,  triplinerved,  passing 

into  penniveined.     Fruit  ovoid 6.   C.  triplinervis. 

Leaves  glaucous  or  white  underneatli,  prominently  tripli- 

nerved.     Fruit  globular 7.   C.  cinnamomifolia. 

Inflorescence  glabrous.     Panicles  small  and  loose. 

Leaves  penniveined,  the  veins  scarcely  prominent    ....     8.   C  Meissneri. 
Leaves  prominently  triplinerved 9.    C.  australis. 

1.  C.  Murrayi,  F.  Mniil.  Fra/jm.  \.  170.  A  larg-e  tree,  the  young- 
branches  stout  and  softly  tomentose-villous,  more  or  less  ferrug"inous. 
Leaves  shortly  petiohxte,  obhing'  oval  or  elliptical,  obtuse  or  shortly 
acuminate,  6  to  10  in.  long-,  g-hibrous  above  when  full  grown  or  the 
midrib  minutely  pubescent,  very  prominently  penniveined  and  reticulate 
underneath,  the  veins  rusty-pubescent,  somewhat  ghaucous  between 
them.  Panicles  short  compact  and  villous.  Flowers  sessile  in  the  cymes. 
Perianth  hirsute,  the  seg-ments  rather  longer  than  the  tube  (about  1 
line),  ahnost  acute.  Ghmds  scarcely  connected  with  the  inner  stamens, 
stipitate ;  staminodia  thick,  sessile,  rather  acute.  Fruiting-  perianth 
ovoid  or  nearly  g-lobular,  shining",  about  J  in.  diameter. 

Queensland.     Rock-ngham  Bay,  DaVacky. 


296  ciil.   LAURINE.E.  [Cryptocarya . 

2.  C.  Mackinnoniana,  F.  Mi/cll.  Fraf/m.  v.  169.  A  noble  tree  100 
ft.  liig-li  (DaUachi/)  or  a  tall  slirub  of  12  ft.  ( TT'.  IlilL),  the  yoimg-  Ijranches 
petioles  and  inHorescence  minutely  rusty-pubescent.  Leaves  oblong-  or 
almost  ovate,  obtuse  or  shortly  acuminate,  rounded  or  cuneate  at  tlie 
base,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  rather  thick,  at  lirst  minutely  pubescent,  at  leng-tli 
g-labrous  and  ahnost  shining-  above,  very  prominently  penniveined  and 
reticulate  underneath,  the  veins  rusty-pubescent,  often  g4aucous  between 
them.  Panicles  loosely  corymbose  or  thyrsoid.  Pedicels  ver}"-  short, 
Perianth  scarcely  above  1  line  long-,  the  seg-ments  about  as  long-  as  the 
tube.  Glands  kirg-e,  free  from  the  inner  stamens,  nearly  sessile.  Fruiting 
perianth  ovoid  or  oblong',  about  |  in.  long'. 

Queensland.     Cape  York,  W.  Rill;  Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

3.  C.  patentinervis,  F.  Muell.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  508  and  Fragm. 
V.  166.  A  small  tree,  the  branches  and  inflorescence  ferrug-inous  or 
hoary  with  a  close  tomentum.  Leaves  ovate  to  oblong'-hinceolate,  acu- 
minate,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  glabrous  above,  softly  or  minutely  pubescent 
and  more  or  less  g'laucous  underneath,  the  primary  veins  prominent,  the 
reticulate  veinlets  also  somewhat  conspicuous.  Cymes  sometimes  solitary 
in  the  axils,  more  frequently  several  in  short  terminal  thyrsoid  panicles, 
the  Howers  not  numerous,  hoary-pubescent.  Perianth  l^  lines  long-, 
the  tube  turbinate,  rather  shorter  than  the  lobes.  Glands  of  the  inner 
stamens  shortly  stipitate.  Staminodia  sessile,  thick,  acuminate.  Fruit- 
ing-  perianth  ellipsoid-oblong',  nearly  ^  in.  long-,  tlie  pericarp  rather 
more  distinct  from  it  than  in  most  species. —  C.  i-if/ida,  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  XV.  i.  o08. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Bellinger  and  Tweed  rivers,  C.  Moore;  Hastings  and  Clarence 
rivers,  Bechler. 

4.  C.  obovata,  li.  Br.  Prod.  402.  A  fine  bushy-headed  tree 
(Dullac//y),  the  young-  shoots  and  inilorescence  ininutely  tomentose  and 
more  or  less  ferruginous.  Leaves  oblong-  to  obovate,  very  obtuse  and  2 
to  4  in.  long-  in  the  typical  form,  larg-er  broader  and  sometimes  shortly 
and  obtusely  acuminate  in  some  northern  specimens,  rather  thick,  the 
margins  often  recurved,  giabrous  with  the  veins  scarcely  conspicuous 
above,  often  giaucous  or  even  very  minutely  pubescent  when  young" 
underneath,  with  the  primary  pinnate  veins  very  prominent,  the  reti- 
culations  scarcely  conspicuous.  Panicles  loosely  thyrsoid,  numerous 
and  many  Howered,  the  upper  ones  forming'  a  terminal  panicle.  Flowers 
rather  larg-er  than  in  C.  fjluncesccns.  Perianth-segments  as  long-  as  the 
oblong-  tube.  Glands  stipitate,  appearing'  to  belong'  as  much  to  the 
outer  as  to  the  inner  staminal  series.  Staminodia  sessile,  acuminate. 
Fruiting-  perianth  giobular,  about  i  in.  diameter. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
XV.  i.  78,  50?  5   C.  h//po.spodia,  F.  Muell.  Frag'm.  v.  170. 

Queensland.  Eockingham  Bay,  Dallachy  (with  large  leaves) ;  Brisbane  river, 
Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunningham,  F.  Mueller,  W.  Hill. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Himter'8  river,  R  Brown;  Clarence  and  Richmond  rivers,  C. 
Moore,  Bechler,   Wilcox;  Gleudon,  Leichhardt. 


Crijptocanja.\  Cill.    LAUUIMC.E.  29? 

5.  C.  glaucescens,  li.  Br.  Prud.  402.  A  tree  of  40  ft.  and  upwards, 
the  yoiuit;-  branclies  and  petioles  minutely  pubescent  when  young  but 
soon  becoming-  ghibrous,  the  iniiorescence  usually  hoary-pubescent. 
Leaves  ovate  elliptical  or  oblong-,  obtuse  or  shortly  acuminate,  shortly 
contracted  at  the  base,  Hat,  not  usually  so  rig-id  as  in  C.  ohocata,  penni- 
veined  and  reticuhite  but  the  veins  rather  fine  and  the  reticulations 
little  conspicuous  or  in  some  varieties  conspicuous  or  even  prominent 
on  both  sides,  both  surfaces  g-reen  or  somewhat  g-hiucous,  rarely  above 
4  in.  long-  in  ilowering-  specimens,  but  larg-er  on  kixuriant  shoots. 
Flowers  numerous,  shortly  pediceUate,  in  thyrsoid  panicles  shorter  or 
long-er  than  the  leaves,  the  upper  ones  often  forming-  a  larg-e  terminal 
panicle.  Perianth  1  to  l^  hnes  long",  hoary-pubescent,  the  tube  oblong- 
when  fully  out,  turbinate  when  young-,  the  seg-ments  about  as  long-  as 
the  tube  or  rather  long-er.  Glands  stipitate,  appearing-  to  belong-  as 
much  to  the  outer  as  to  the  inner  filaments.  Staminodia  acuminate. 
Fruiting*  perianth  depressed-globuhir,  i  to  nearly  f  in.  diameter. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  72. 

pueensland.  Rockingliani  Bay,  Dallachy ;  Eockhampton,  Thozet,  Dallachy ; 
Biisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunningham,  F.  Mueller,  and  otliers. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Hawkeslniry,  R.  Brown;  Hastings  river,  BecUer ;  Nevv  England, 
C.  Stuart ;  Port  Jackson,  Woolls  ;  lliawarra,  A.  Cunningham  and  otliers  ;  Sydney 
woods,  Paris  Exliibition,  1855,  Macarthur,  n.  6  and  30  ;  Nortliern  woods,  n.  4,  and 
Soutiiern  woods,  n.  115,  London  Exhibition,  18G2,  C.  Moore. 

Var.  Cunningliamii.  Scarcely  distinguishable  from  the  eastern  form,  except  by  rather 
hirgerflowers  and  the  perianth-tube  rather  shorter. —  C.  Cunninghamii,  Meissn,  in  DC 
Prod.  XV.  i.  73. 

N.  Australia.     Hunter's  river,  Brunswick  Bay,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunningham. 

C.  hy])oglauca,  Meissn.  l.c.  from  N.  W.  Australia,  which  1  have  not  seen,  but  is  sup- 
posed  to  be  from  A.  Cunningham's  collection,  is  probably  the  same  species. 

Var.  reticulata,  Meissn.  Veins  of  the  leaves  more  conspicuous  on  both  sides  but 
fine. —  C.  microneura,  Meissn.  i.c. — Seavievv  Range,  Fraser  ;  Hastings  river,  C.  Moore  ; 
Jliawarra,  A.  Cunningham;  Sydney  woods,  Paris  Exhibition,  1855,  C.  Moore,  n.  5, 
Macarthur,  n.  198,  224,  234. 

Var.  coriacea.  Leaves  thick,  rigid,  and  more  prominently  reticulate,  often  very 
glaucous  underneath. — Kockinghara  Bay,  Dallachy. 

Var.  nitida.  Leaves  coriaceous  and  shining  with  fine  veins,  gi-een  on  both  sides  or 
scarcely  glaucous. —  C.  Moretoniana,  Meissn.  hc.  74. — Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunnivgham  ; 
Archer's  Creek,  Leichhardt. 

C.  Bidwillii,  Meissn.  I.c.  74,  of  which  the  specimens  frora  Wide  Bay,  Bidwill,  are 
in  young  fruit  only,  and  not  satisfactory,  may  be  the  sarae  variety. 

AII  the  above  varieties  run  much  one  into  the  other,  and  in  view  of  the  large  number 
of  specimens  I  have  had  before  me,  it  seems  impossible  to  consider  any  of  them  as 
tpecies  permanently  distinct. 

6.  C.  triplinervis,  R.  Br.  Prod.  402.  A  tall  tree.  Leaves  ovate- 
eUiptical  or  oblong--hinceolate,  acuminate,  glabrous  above.  more  or  less 
pubescent  imderneath,  rarely  above  4  in.  long,  triplinerved  or  more  or 
less  irreg-ularly  penniveined  with  2  to  5  primary  veins  on  each  side  of 
the  midrib,  sometimes  very  prominent  underneath  sometimes  fine,  the 
reticulations  not  very  conspicuous.  Panicles  dense  short  and  thyrsoid 
iu  the  axils,  or  the  upper  ones  much  branched  forming-  a  terminnl 
})anicle  with  numerous  nowers,  hoary-])ubescent  with  ap})ressed  hairs  ur 


298  Cill.   LAURINE.^.  [Cryptocarya. 

more  frequently  hirsute  witli  spreading  hairs.  Flowers  nearly  sessile. 
Perianth-tube  cylindrical,  about  1  line  long-,  the  seg-ments  narrow  and 
nearly  as  long-.  Stamens  nearly  as  long-  as  the  perianth,  the  g-lands 
stipitate,  as  near  to  the  outer  as  to  the  inner  stamens ;  staminodia  rather 
narroWj  acuminate.  Fruiting'  perianth  ovoid,  about  h  in.  long\ — Caryo- 
daphne  BroTvniana,  Nees,  Syst.  Laurin.  i2;JU ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
XV.  i.  78. 

Queensland.  E.  coast,  R.  Broivn ;  Ed^ecombe  and  Rockingliara  Bajs,  Dallachy ; 
VoYi  Denison,  J^^itzalan ;  Eockhanipton,  JJallachi/,  0' iSltanesy,  and  others  ;  Cape  river, 
Crococlile  and  Nerkool  Creeks,  Bowman  ;  Arclier's  Creek,  Leichhardt ;  Brisbane  river, 
Moreton  Bay,  LeichharJt,  F.  Mueller,  W.  Ilill,  and  otliers. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Bichmond  and  Clarencc  rivers,  C.  Moore,  BecJder. 

There  are  two  or  three  marked  forms  of  foliage,  but  with  occasional  intermediates 
and  sonietimes  the  leaves  of  the  principal  branches  difterent  as  to  venation  from  those 
of  the  youngcr  branches  of  the  same  specimen.  In  the  more  typical  forms  the  leaves 
are  rather  ihick,  pioniinentlv  triplinerved  or  quintiiplinerved  and  softly  pubescent  un- 
derneath,  in  otlier  forms  tiie  primary  veins  are  more  numerous,  and  in  some  of  the 
northern  speciniens  the  leaves  are  often  almost  glabrous  and  almost  as  pennivoined  as 
in  C.  glaucexcens.  The  fruit  appears  to  be  ahvays  dififerentiy  shaped  frum  tliat  of  C. 
glaucescens,  although  the  perianth-tube  is  equally  consolidated  with  the  pericarp  in 
both  species. 

The  specimen  of  Mi1ne's  from  Lord  Howe's  island,  refeiTed  by  Meissner  to  Caryo- 
daphne  deusiflora,  Bkmie,  is  in  old  leaf  only  and  cannot  be  determined  with  any  cer- 
tainty.  It  appcars  to  me  to  be  much  more  like  some  vaiieties  of  Cryptocarya  tripli- 
tiervis  than  an}*  specimen  of  the  Javanese  C.  densiflvra. 

7.  C.  cinnamomifolia,  Bcnth.  A  tree  of  40  ft.  (Dallachi/),  the 
young'  shoots  and  inllorescence  minutely  ferruginous-tomentose.  Leaves 
ovate  or  broadly  elliptical,  acuminate,  cuneate  at  the  base,  rigidly 
coriaceous,  prominently  triplinerved,  g-hibrous  above,  glaucous  or  white 
underneath,  with  the  reticuhitions  conspicuous,  3  to  0  in.  long-.  Pauicles 
axillary  or  in  terminal  panicles,  short  and  dense  in  the  specimens  seen 
but  as  yet  only  in  young-  bud  and  the  form  of  the  perianth  not  ascer- 
tained.  Stamens  of  Cnjptocanja,  but  as  yet  very  young*.  Fruit  de- 
pressed  g-lobular,  above  \  in.  diameter,  very  similar  to  that  of  C. 
glaucescens. 

Queensland.     Eockiugham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

8.  C.  Meissneri,  F.  Mudl.  Fragm.  v.  170.  A  small  or  htrg-e  tree, 
quite  glabrous  in  every  part.  Leaves  elliptical  or  oblong--lanceohite, 
obtusely  acuminate,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  mostly  about  2  in. 
and  rarely  above  3  in.  lonc^,  rather  thick,  penniveined  but  the  veins 
irregular  and  even  the  primary  ones  not  very  prominent.  Panicles 
short,  axillary  and  terminal,  the  flowers  not  numerous  and  quite  g"la- 
brous  outside.  Perianth-tube  narrow,  at  first  turbinate,  ovoid  and 
contracted  at  the  top  when  fully  out  and  f  line  long-,  the  lobes  nearly 
as  long-,  minutely  hairy  inside.  Stamens  much  shorter  than  the 
periantli,  the  g-lands  sessile  but  as  near  to  the  outer  as  to  the  inner 
stamens.  Ovary  immersed  in  the  periauth-tube.  Fruit  not  seen. — 
C.  hypofiluma,  var.  attcnuata,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  508  (F. 
Mueller). 

N.  S,  'Wales.     Hastings,  Macleay  and  Bellinger  rivers,  C.  Moore,  Becldtr. 


Cryptocarya.]  Clll.    laurine.e.  299 

9.  C.  australis,  Bfnth.  A  larg-e  shrub  or  small  tree,  quite  g-la- 
brous  in  all  its  parts.  Leaves  ovate  elliptical  or  almost  oblong,  acumi- 
nate,  contracted  into  a  sbort  petiole,  coriaceous  or  thin,  pale  underneath 
but  not  at  all  white,  prominently  triphnerved,  2  to  4  in.  long*.  Panicles 
very  loose,  few-llowered,  always  much  shorter  than  the  leaves  and 
quite  ghibrous.  Pedicels  rather  long-.  Perianth-tube  turbinate,  nearly 
1  liue  long,  the  lobes  at  least  as  long",  ovate  and  more  spreading  than 
in  other  species.  Stamens  short,  especially  the  3  inner  ones.  Ovary 
immersed  in  the  tube.  Fruiting-  perianth  obovoid,  pear-shaped,  nearly 
f  in.  long-,  usually  crowned  by  the  remains  of  the  perianth-limb. — 
Laurus  Bowiei,  Hook.  Journ.  Bot.  iv.  419.  t.  23 ;  Oreodaphne  Bowiei, 
Walp.  Ann.  i.  576 ;  Laurus  australis  A.  Cunn. ;  Hook.  Bot.  Mag. 
under  n.  3931 ;  Canjodaphne  australis  A.  Braun ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
XV,  i.  77. 

Queensland.  Biisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunningham  and  many  others  ; 
Rockinghani  Bay,  DaUachy. 

N.  S.  TVales.     Clarence  river,  Beckler;  Richmond  river,  Henderson. 

The  specific  name  Boiciei  was  originally  given  to  this  plant  under  a  mistake  as  to 
the  origin  of  the  seeds  from  which  it  was  raised  at  Kevv,  and  was  therefore  afterwards 
suppressed  by  Hooker  himself,  and  Cunuingham's  name  adopted. 


2.  NESODAPHNE,  Hook.  f. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth-segments  6,  equal  or  nearly  so. 
Stamens  of  the  outer  series  6,  all  perfect  with  introse  anthers,  of  the 
inner  series  3  with  extrorse  anthers,  alternating-  with  3  short  staminodia ; 
g"lands  0,  at  the  base  of  the  inner  perfect  stamens.  Ovary  not  immersed, 
the  wdiole  perianth  deciduous.  Berry  free,  resting-  on  the  apex  of  the 
slig-htly  thickened  peduncle. — Trees  or  tall  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate. 
Flowers  small  in  broad  cymes  arranged  in  panicles  either  terminal  or 
in  the  iqjper  axils.     Bracts  usually  oblong-. 

Besides  the  Australian  species  which  is  endemic,  there  are  two  from  New  Zealand. 
The  genus  is  moreover  closely  allied  to  the  East  Indian  Beilsckmicdias,  scarcely  dif- 
fering  except  in  the  absence  of  the  peculiar  subslance  iutruded  between  the  cotyledons 
in  the  latter  genus,  which  has  been  called  a  false  dissepiment  in  the  fruit,  bnt  appears 
rather  to  be  an  intrusion  of  the  testa.  The  West  Indian  Htifelandia  is  perhai^s  htill 
closer  to  or  even  inseparable  from  Nesodaphne. 

1.  N.  obtusifolia,  Bcnth.  A  large  and  handsome  tree,  the  young- 
shoots  and  inilorescence  sprinkled  with  minute  appressed  hairs,  other- 
wise  ghibrous.  Leaves  elliptical  oblong'  or  oval-oblong-,  obtuse  or 
obtusely  acuminate,  narrowed  at  the  base  into  a  short  petiole,  rather 
rigid,  green  on  both  sides,  penniveined  and  loosely  reticulate,  2  to  4 
in.  long.  Cymes  large  and  rather  broad,  the  upper  ones  in  a  broad 
pyramidal  or  ahnost  corymbose  terminal  panicle.  Pedicels  thick  and 
\  line  long  above  the  small  bracteoles.  Perianth-tube  very  short  and 
broad,  the  segments  1  line  long-.  Stamens  opposed  to  the  outer  seg- 
ments  broad,  those  opposed  to  the  inner  ones  narrow  ;  glands  stipitate 
or  almost  sessile,  attached  to  the  iivier  stamens  ;  staminodia  sessile, 


300  Clli.    LAURINE^E.  [Nesodaphnc. 

thick,  acute.     Berry  elliptical-oblong-,  tlie  whole  perianth  deciduous. 
—  Cnjptocarya  ohtusifulia;  F.  Muell. ;   Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  508. 

Queensland.  Rockingliam  Bay,  Dallachy ;  Fitzroy  river,  Bowman  ;  Kockhampton, 
Thozet ;  Aivher's  Creek,  Ltichhardt. 
tt.  S.  Vl^ales.     Clarence  river,  Wilcox. 


3.  ENDIANDRA,  R.  Br. 

(Dictjodaphne,  Blume.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth-seg-ments  6,  equal  or  nearly  so. 
Stamens  of  the  outer  series  reduced  to  a  thick  prominent  ring-  below 
the  perianth-seg-ments  or  entirely  wanting-,  of  the  inner  series  3,  with 
extrose  or  semi-extrose  anthers,  alternating-  sometimes  with  3  small 
staminodia  which  are  often  deficient ;  g-lands  either  6  at  the  base  of 
the  perfect  stamens  but  free  from  them  or  none.  Ovary  not  immersed. 
Berry  free,  resting-  on  the  w^holly  or  partially  persistent  but  uot  at  all 
or  scarcely  enlarg-ed  perianth. — Trees.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers  in 
axillary  panicles,  sometimes  almost  reduced  to  sing-le  cymes.  Fruits 
oblong-  or  globular. 

The  genus  extends  over  the  Indian  Archipelago  to  the  eastern  provinces  of  India. 
The  Australian  species  appear  to  be  all  endemic.  The  genus  has  been  iiicorrectly 
placed  in  the  tribe  of  Cryptocaryeae  as  characterised  by  Nees  and  by  Meissuer,  for 
neither  the  ovary  nor  the  fruit  are  enclosed  in  .the  perianth-tube. 

Perianth-tube  small   and  turbinate,  the  limb  broad  and  very  open 
or  when  closed  much  broader  than  the  tube. 
Outer  stamons  replaced  by  a  thick  fleshy  ring  round  the  base  of 
the  perianth-segments. 
Panicles  thyrsoid.     Fiowers  2  to  2^  lines  diameter.     Bracts 

very  deciduous.     Leaves  glabrous 1.  E.  glauca. 

Panicies  narrow,  racemelike.     Flowers  3  to  4  lines  diameter. 
Bracts  persistent.    Leaves  rusty-pubescent  or  villous  under- 

neath 2.  E.  hypotephra. 

Outer  stamens    entirely   deficient.     Small   staminodia   usually 
present  between  the  inner  ones. 
Leaves  white  underneath,  the  primary  veins  prominent      .     .     ^.  E.  discolor. 

Leaves  green  and  reticulate  on  both  sides A.  E.  Sieberi. 

Perianth-tube  thick   and  fleshy,   broader  ihan   the  connivent  seg- 
raents.     Leaves  green  on  both  sides.     Fiowers  small. 
Leaves  glabrous.     Staminal  glands  present. 

Leaves  mostly  oblong,  much  reticulate.     Perianth  not   1   line 

diameter 5.  E.  lirens. 

Leavcs   mostly  elliptical-ovate,   less  reticuhite,   the  primary 

veins  more  prominent.     Periantii  L^  lines  diameter  .     .     .     6.  E.  JlueVeri. 
Leaves  pubescent  or  villous  underneath.     No  staminal  gUmds   .     7.  E.  puhens. 

1.  E.  glauca,  IL  Br.  Prod.  402.  A  small  tree,  the  young-  shoots 
and  inllorescence  minutely  ferrug-inous-tomentose.  Leaves  elliptical- 
oblong',  acuminate,  contracted  at  the  base,  mostly  3  to  5  in.  long",  g-la- 
brous  and  g-reen  above,  g-hnicous  or  wliite  underneath,  otherwise  glabrous 
or  the  very  prominent  primary  veins  minutely  ferruginous-tomentose. 
Panicles  thyrsoid,  rather  loose,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the  bracts  small 


EiuUandra.]  Ciil.    LAURlXKiE.  301 

and  very  deciduous.  Podicels  short.  Perianth-tube  turbinate,  much 
narrower  than  the  limb,  which  spreads  to  2  or  2-|  lines  diameter. 
Staminodia  of  the  outer  row  forminjj;'  a  thick  ileshy  crenulate  ring*  border- 
ing-  the  orifice  of  the  tube  and  enclosing-  the  ovary,  the  3  inner  stamens 
protruding-  shortly  from  the  ring-. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  509. 

Queensland.  Endeavoui-  river,  Banhs  and  Solander ;  Cape  Grafton,  A.  Cunning- 
hani ;  Ixockiiigliam  Bay,  Dallachy. 

2.  E.  hypotephra,  F.  Mnell.  Frafjm.  v.  166,  partly.  A  moderate 
sized  tree,  the  young-  branches  petioles  and  inilorescence  softly  ferru- 
g'inous-tomentose  or  villous.  Leaves  ovate  ovate-elliptical  or  oval- 
oblong',  shortly  acuminate  or  rarely  obtuse,  3  to  5  in.  long-,  coriaceous, 
g'labrous  above  with  impressed  veins,  gdaucous  underneath,  with  the 
primary  raised  veins  ferrug-inous-tomentose  or  villous.  Flowers  much 
larg-er  than  in  any  other  species,  few  together  in  dense  cymes  on  very 
short  peduncles  forming-  interrupted  raceme-like  panicles,  usually 
shorter  but  sometimes  as  long-  as  the  leaves.  Bracts  small,  but  larg-er 
and  more  persistent  than  in  the  other  species.  Pedicels  very  short. 
Perianth-tube  small,  turbinate,  the  limb  spreading*  to  3  or  4  lines 
diameter.  Staminodia  of  the  outer  row  forming-  a  thick  fleshy  crenu- 
late  ring-  bordering-  the  orifice  of  the  tube  and  enclosing-  the  ovary,  the 
3  inner  stamens  shortl}'  protruding-  from  the  ring-.  Fruit  oblong",  f  in. 
long",  resting-  on  the  persistent  but  not  enlarged  perianth. 

Queensland.  Rockingliam  Bay,  Dallachy.  F.  Mueller  includes  both  E.  glauca 
and  tlie  present  species  under  the  name  of  E.  hypotephrn,  but  his  description  applies 
more  especially  to  the  present  one. 

3.  E.  discolor,  Benth.  A  shrub  or  tall  tree,  the  young-  branches 
and  inflorescence  minutely  hoary-tomentose.  Leaves  ovate  or  ellip- 
tical,  obtuse  or  shortly  acimiinate,  2  to  3  in.  long-,  g-reen  and  g-labrous 
above,  g-laucous  or  white  underneath,  with  few  prominent  primary 
veins,  the  smaller  reticuhitions  conspicuous  on  both  sides  in  the  full- 
^rown  leaf.  Panicles  thyrsoid,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the 
pedicels  very  short.  Perianth-tube  small  and  turbinate,  the  limb  very 
open,  about  \\  lines  diameter,  with  ovate  seg-ments.  Stamens  of  the 
outer  row  entirely  deficient,  of  the  inner  series  3,  with  sessile  g'lands  at 
their  base  and  alternating-  with  3  small  staminodia.  Fruit  ovoid- 
oblong-,  I  to  1  in.  long-,  resting-  on  the  unenlarged  remains  of  the 
perianth. 

Queensland.      Albany   island   and    Cape   York,    W.    Hill ;    Rockingham    Bay, 
Datluchy. 
N.  S.  ^Vales.     Macleay,  Richmond  and  Hastings  rivers,  C.  Moore. 

4.  E.  Sieberi,  Nees.  Syst.  Lanrin.  194.  A  shrub  or  tree,  glabrous 
except  a  minute  pubescence  scarcely  perceptible  on  the  inflorescence. 
Leaves  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong-,  obtuse  or  obtusely  acuminate,  2  to 
3  in.  long-,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  rather  thin,  g-reen  on  both 
sides,  with  the  smaller  reticulations  as  prominent  as  the  rather  nume- 
rous  and  fine  primary  veins.     Panicles  thyrsoid,  shorter  than  the  leaves. 


302  ciii.   LAURiNEiE.  [Endimdra. 

Perianth-tube  very  smiill,  tlie  liinb  very  open.  Stamens  of  the  outer 
series  entirely  deficient,  Ji  of  the  inner  series  perfect  with  a  g-land  on 
each  side  at  the  hase,  the  intervening-  staminodia  very  small  or  obsolete. 
Young"  fruit  globular,  resting-  on  the  apex  of  the  peduncle,  the  whole 
perianth  deciduous.  Ripe  fruit  not  seen. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i. 
79. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Moimtains,  Sieber,  n.  275,  and  many 
others  ;  Sandy  soil  near  the  seacoast,  Leichhardt ;  Richmond  river,  C.  Muore. 

5.  E.  virens,  F.  Mi/dl. ;  Meissn.  in  BC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  500.  A  tall 
shrub  or  a  tree  attaining-  a  considerable  heig-ht,  glabrous  in  all  its  parts. 
Leaves  oblong-,  usually  narrow,  rarely  broader  and  elliptical,  obtuse, 
contracted  at  the  base,  2  to  3  in.  long-  in  some  specimens,  twice  that 
size  in  others,  not  thick,  g-reen  and  reticulate  on  both  sides,  somewhat 
shining-  above,  a  few  of  the  primary  veins  more  prominent  than  the 
others.  Panicles  slender,  glabrous,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Pedicels  rather  long-.  Flowers  sniall.  Perianth-tube  very  thick,  broadly 
turbinate,  nearly  1  line  dianieter,  forming-  a  tliick  projecting-  ring-  round 
the  base  of  the  lobes  which  are  sliorter  than  the  tube,  broad  and  conni- 
vent,  the  3  inner  ones  rather  smaller  than  and  cjuite  enclosed  in  the 
outer  ones.  Stamens  of  the  outer  row  entirely  deficient,  of  the  inner 
row^  3,  without  g-lands  at  their  base,  but  alternating-  with  sessile  stami- 
nodia.  Fruit  g-lobular,  |  to  f  in.  diameter,  resting-  on  thickened  pedicels 
of  I  in.  or  more. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Clarence  and  Richmond  rivers,  Beclder,  C.  Moore. 
In  some  specimens  the  perianth-tube  enlarges,  apparently  from  the  efiect  of  some  in- 
sect,  iuto  a  hard  globular  verrucose  gall  of  1  in.  diameter  or  more. 

6.  E.  Muelleri,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  509.  A  moderate-sized 
tree,  glabrous  except  a  minute  ferruginous  tomentum  on  the  inflores- 
cence  and  sometimes  on  the  young-  shoots.  Leaves  ovate  elH|)tical  or 
broadly  oblong-,  acuminate,  cuneate  at  the  base,  g-reen  on  both  sides, 
the  primary  veins  more  prominent  and  the  reticidations  less  so  than  in 
U.  Sicberi,  mostly  3  to  5  in.  long-.  Panicles  axillary,  loose,  much  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Pedicels  long-er  than  the  fiower.  Perianth-tube  thick 
and  fleshy,  broadly  turljinate,  1|  lines  diameter,  the  lobes  small  and 
connivent.  Stamens  3  with  broad  flattened  g-lands ;  staminodia  of  the 
outer  series  deficient,  of  the  inner  series  small  or  obsolete.  Fruit  not 
seen. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Hastings  and  Macleay  rivers,  BccMer.  A  specimen  from  Bel- 
lingcr  river,  C.  Moore,  may  belong  to  it  also,  but  is  only  in  bud  and  doubtful.  The 
species  is  near  E.  virens,  but  with  broader,  less  reticulate  leaves,  and  the  fiowers  twice 
as  largc.  Tiie  glands  in  the  flower  of  this  and  some  other  species  described  sometimes 
as  staniinodia  appear  to  me  to  be  preciseiy  the  same  as  the  giands  of  the  inner  stamens 
of  80  many  other  Laurineae. 

7.  E.  pubens,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  509.  A  lar^e  tree,  the 
branches  and  potioles  more  or  less  velvety-tomentose  and  ferrug-inous. 
Lcaves  oval  to  elliptical-oblong-,  obtusely  aeimiinate  or  almost  obtuse, 
narrowed  at  the   nase,   4  to  8  in.  long-,  g-labrous  above,  prominently 


Endinndra.]  cili.    i.aurink/E.  303 

veined  and  piibescent  or  villous  underneath.  Panicles  axillary,  broadlv 
thj-rsoid,  usually  about  1  in.  long-,  sometimes  more  branched  and  hnlf  as 
long-  as  tlie  leaves,  sometimes  very  short,  more  or  less  ferrug-inous-hir- 
sute.  Bracts  narrow,  the  lower  ones  often  1  line  long',  those  in  the 
cymes  smaller.  Pedicels  scarcely  so  hDiig'  as  the  tiower.  Perianth 
nearly  l^,  lines  long",  the  tube  tliick,  turbinate,  broader  than  the  limb, 
the  lobes  small  and  erect.  Stamens  3,  usually  exserted,  the  filaments 
rather  narrow,  without  g-hmds,  but  alternating'  with  sinall  staminodia, 
the  outer  series  quite  deficient.  Fruit  globular,  ^  to  f  in,  diameter. — 
Cryptocarya  Muelleri,  Meissn.  l.c.  73. 

Queensland.     Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  F.  Muellef. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Clarence  river,  Beckler ;  Kichmond  river,  Henderson ;  Bellinger 
river,  C.  Moore. 

Var.  glahrijJora.  Perianth  rather  larger,  glabrous.  Bracts  ovate,  concave. — Rich- 
mond  river,  Hendersoii. 

4.  CINNAMOMUM,  Burm. 

Flowers  usually  more  or  less  unisexual.  Perianth-seg-ments  6,  equal 
or  nearly  so.  Stamens  of  the  outer  series  6,  all  perfect  with  introrse 
anthers,  of  the  inner  series  3  perfect,  with  extrorse  anthers,  alternating- 
with  3  short  staminodia ;  anthers  4-celled,  or  the  inner  ones  rarely  2- 
celled ;  g-lands  6,  at  the  base  of  the  inner  perfect  stamens.  Ovary  not 
immersed.  Berry  seated  on  tlie  somewhat  enhirg-ed  truncate  or  0-lobed 
perianth-tube,  the  seg-ments  wholly  or  partially  deciduous. — Trees  or 
shrubs.  Leaves  opposite  or  often  more  or  less  alternate  on  the  same 
tree,  3-nerved  or  rarely  5-nerved.  Flowers  in  axiUary  panicles,  more 
or  less  unisexual,  the  females  usually  rather  larg-er  and  fewer  in  tlie 
panicle  with  the  stamens  slig-htly  imperfect,  the  males  smaller  aud  more 
numerous  witli  a  sterile  ovary.  The  numbers  of  parts  of  the  perianth 
and  of  the  stamens  liable  to  occasional  variation,  especially  in  the  females. 

The  genus  extends  over  tropical  and  subtropical  Asia  as  far  as  Japan,  the  only 
Australian  species  being  the  same  as  an  E.  Indian  one. 

1.  C.  Tamala,  Th.  Nees. ;  Nees.  Syst.  Laurin.  66.  A  larg-e  tree  with 
a  smooth  almost  white  bark  (^Dallachy).  Leaves  opposite  or  here  and 
there  alternate,  oblong--IanceoIate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  obtusely  acumi- 
nate,  acute  at  the  base,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  triplinerved,  silvery  underneath 
when  young"  with  small  closely  appressed  hairs,  the  older  ones  g"labrous 
or  nearly  so  and  showing-  underneath  the  fine  reticulate  veinlets.  Pe- 
duncles  iii  tlie  uppermost  axils,  bearing-  in  tlie  Australian  specimens 
(probably  from  a  fertile  tree)  a  loose  panicle  rather  shorter  or  rather 
long-er  than  the  leaves  more  or  less  silvery-pubeseent.  Pedicels  about 
as  long-  as  the  perianth.  Perianth-tube  about  1  line,  the  seg-ments  or 
lobes  2  lines  long*.  Stamens  shorter  than  the  perianth,  some  or  all  ap- 
parently  perfect  but  unequally  so  in  the  fiowers  examined.  Stig-ma 
broadly  peltate. — Miq.  Rev.  Cinnam.  in  Ann.  Mus.  Lug-d.  Bat.  i.  268 ; 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  17  ;  Laurus  Tamala^  Hamilt.  in  Trans.  Linn. 


304  Clil.   LAURIXE^.  [Cinnamomum. 

Soc.  xiii.  555  ;  L.  Casmt,  Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.  ii,  297,  not  of  Willd ;  Ciuna- 
viomum  Laubatii,  F.  Muell.  Fni^ni.  v.  105. 

Queensland.     Sea-view  Range,  Rockingliam  Bay,  Dallaclnj. 

Tlicse  specimens  appear  to  nie  to  agree  perfectly  with  E.  Indian  ones  of  the  fertile 
tree,  accurately  described  by  Roxburgii,  who  gives  it  as  a  native  of  various  mountains 
of  the  Indian  Continent.  'ihe  figure  of  Th.  ^lees,  in  the  Suppiement  to  his  Officinal 
riants,  represents  the  niale  or  seniimale  forin,  witli  .snialler,  more  numerous  flowers  in 
hirgcr  panicles.  Tiie  Australian  spcciniens  havc  only  very  few  of  the  flowers  fully  ont, 
and  no  fruit.  In  Indian  ones  the  fruiting  periaulh  has  6  short  Iruncate  lobes,  the  upper 
portion  of  the  lobes  beiiig  alone  deciduous.  There  are  several  other  Indian  Cinnamoma 
described  as  spccies  which,  as  observed  by  both  Miquel  and  Meissner,  are  very  difficult 
to  distinguish  in  all  their  various  forms  from  C.  Tamala,  and  may  be  hereafter  united 
with  it ;  but  even  then,  as  far  as  I  liave  been  able  to  ascertain,  Hamilton's  specific 
name  of  Tamala  will  liave  to  be  rctained  as  the  oidest. 


5.  TETRANTHERA,  Jacq. 

(Cylicodaphne,  Nees.) 

Flowers  dioecious.  Periantli-seg-ments  6,  equal  or  nearly  so,  or  rarely 
unequal  or  fewer  by  abortion.  Stamens  of  the  outer  series  usually  6, 
perfect,  of  the  inner  series  either  G  perfect,  or  3  perfect  alternating-  Avith 
3  staminodia  or  (in  species  not  Australian)  the  whole  number  more  or 
less  increased ;  anthers  all  introrse,  4-celled ;  g-lands  usually  6,  one  on 
each  side  of  3  inner  stamens ;  the  stamens  reduced  to  staminodia  in  the 
feniale  Howers,  but  the  g-lands  usually  present.  Ovary  imperfect  or 
■wholly  abortive  in  the  males,  free  in  the  females ;  stig-ma  usually  dilated 
and  toothed  or  lobed.  Berry  restiug-  on  the  more  or  less  enlarg-ed  llat 
concave  or  cup-shaped  perianth-tube,  the  seg-ments  deciduous. — Trees. 
Leaves  alternate  or  rarely  irregularly  opposite,  penniveined.  Flowers 
in  cymes  reduced  to  small  umbels  lieads  or  clusters  within  an  involucre 
of  4  concave  deciduotis  bracts,  arrang-ed  in  short  racemes  or  clusters  in 
the  axils  or  at  the  leaHess  nodes. 

A  largc  genus,  chiefly  tropical  Asiatic,  cxtending  in  few  species  to  Japan  and 
Western  America.  Of  the  four  Australian  species,  one  has  a  wide  range  over  tropical 
Asia,  the  others,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain,  are  endemic. 

Sect.  1.  Tomex. — Perianth-tuhe  slighthj  enlarged  under  the  fruit,  flat  or  slightly 
concave. 

Leaves  hoary-pubescent  or  glabrous,  usually  large,  the  reticula- 

tions  not  prominent.     Flowers  rather  lavge 1.    T.laurifolia. 

Sect.  2.  Cylicodaphne. — Perianth-iuhe  more  enlarged  under  thefruit,  more  con- 
cave  or  aqishaped. 

Leaves  large,  broad,  very  obtuse,  glabrous,  not  reticulate     .     .     .     2.   T.  Bindoniana. 
Leaves  broad  or  narrow,  obtuse,  ferruginous  underneath,  not  re- 

ticulate 3.   T.  ferruginea. 

Leaves    rather  thin,   glabrous,  conspicuously  reticulate    on  both 

BJJes 4.   r.  reticulata. 

Sect.  1.  ToiViEX. — Perianth-tube  slightly  enlarged  under  the  fruit, 
flat  or  slig^htlj^  concave. 


Tetranthera.'\  ciii.   laurixe.i?:.  305 

1.  T.  laurifolia,  Jncq.,  Mci.^inn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  178.  A  small 
tree,  tlie  branches  foliag-e  and  inllorescence  more  or  less  hoary-pubes- 
cent  or  the  okier  lea\'es  giabrous.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate  obovate- 
elliptical  or  ol^long-,  olituso,  shortly  acuminate  or  rathor  acute,  4  to  8 
in.  long-  on  tlie  tiowering-  branclies,  often  larger  on  barren  ones,  g-reen 
on  both  sides  or  g-laucous  umierneath,  the  primary  veins  prominent  on 
the  underside.  Peduncles  3  to  6  lines  long-,  clixstered  or  racemose,  the 
common  rliacliis  sometimes  very  short  and  usually  sliorter  tlian  tlie  pe- 
duncles.  Bracts  of  tlie  involucres  about  2  lines  diameter,  enclosing"  5 
or  more  sessile  or  very  siiortly  pediceiiate  viiious  llowers.  Perianth- 
seg-ments  very  irreg-uiar,  1  to  6  or  entireiy  abortive,  and  always  very  de- 
ciduous.  Stamens  in  the  Australian  specimens  usuaiiy  10  or  11,  in 
some  Asiatic  ones  more  numerous  ;  fiiaments  fiiiform,  iiairy,  3  or  4  of 
tlie  inner  ones  witli  a  pair  of  giands  at  the  base.  Fruit  g'iobular,  3  or 
4  iines  diameter,  resting-  on  tiie  more  or  less  thiclcened  pedicei  with  the 
persistent  perianth-tube  somewhat  eniarg-ed  but  flat  or  siig-htly  concave. 
—T.  apctala,  Roxb.  Pi.  Corom.  ii.  26,  t.  147  ;  R.  Br.  Prod.  403. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Brown,  Henne;  Port 
Darwin,  Schulz. 

Queensland.     Port  Denison,  Fitzalan,  Dallachy;  Elliott  river,  Bowman. 

The  Australian  speciniens  belona;  chiefly  to  Meissner's  var.  citrifolia,  with  acuminate 
or  almost  acute  leaves,  but  Brown's  inchide  also  some  with  very  ol^tuse  leaves. 

Sect.  2.  Cylicodaphne. — Perianth-tube  more  eniarg'ed  under  the 
fruit  tiian  in  Tomex,  more  concave  or  cup-shaped. 

2.  T.  Bindoniana,  F.  3Iuell.  Fragm.  v.  167.  A  smail  tree,  the 
young"  branclies  and  petioies  minuteiy  ferrug-inous-tomentose  or  at  iength 
g^labrous.  Leaves  on  rather  iong-  petioles,  broadly  ovate  obovate  or 
orbicuiar,  obtuse,  5  to  8  in.  long',  firmiy  coriaceous,  giabrous  above, 
g-iaucous  or  somewhat  ferrug-inous  underneath,  witii  the  primary  veins 
much  raised,  the  smailer  transverse  ones  not  numerous.  Male  flowers 
not  seen.  Femaie  pedtmcies  2  to  3  lines  long-,  in  aimost  sessile  clusters, 
ferruginous-pubescent  as  well  as  tlie  bracts.  Flowers  5,  sessile.  Pe- 
rianth  neariy  2  lines  iong-,  viilous  ;  seg-ments  6,  riarrow,  as  long  as  the 
tube.  Staminodia  6,  outer  ones  without  g-lands,  3  inner  each  with 
a  pair  of  g-iands.  Ovary  pubescent.  Style  thick,  villous,  with  a  flat 
spreading"  somewhat  iobed  stigma.  Fruit  (not  seen  ripe)  protruding' 
from  tiie  eniarged  persistent  cup-shaped  truncate  perianth-tube. — 
Cylicodaphne  Bindoniana,  F.  Mueli.  i.c. 

Queensland.     Summit  of  M^Alister  hill,  Eockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

3.  T.  ferruginea,  7?.  Br.  Prod.  403.  A  tree  of  30  ft.  or  more, 
the  branches  and  petioles  ferruginous-pubescent  or  villous.  Leaves 
from  broadly  ovate  to  elliptical-oblong,  acuminate  or  rarely  obtuse, 
rounded  or  cuneate  at  the  base,  3  to  5  in.  long,  ratiier  firm,  giabrous 
and  shining  above,  ferruginous-pubescent  underneath,  with  raised  pri- 
mary  veins,  and  transverse  veiniets.  Peduncles  ciustered  in  the  axils 
or  at  the  oid  nodes,  3  to  6  iines  long  in  the  maies,  shorter  in  the  females. 

VOL.  V.  X 


305  crii.   LAURiNEiE.  \Tetranthcra. 

Bracts  orLicular,  enclosing-  5  or  6  flowers  on  very  sliort  tliick  jtedicels. 
Perianth-segments  6,  lanceolate  ciliate  and  very  deciduous  in  tlie  feniales, 
broader  more  obtuse  and  sometimes  fewer  in  tlie  males.  Perfect  sta- 
mens  2,  twice  as  long-  as  tlie  perianth,  the  filaments  hairy ;  staminodia 
in  the  females  12,  short.  Fruit  (not  seen  quite  ripe)  ovoid,  resting-  in 
tlie  enlarg-ed  cup-shaped  truncate  perianth-tuhe  which  attains  3  to  4 
lines  diameter, — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  192  ;  Cijlicodaphne  Leefeana, 
F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  109. 

Queensland.  Cape  Grafton  and  Endcavour  river,  Baiiks  and  Solander,  A.  Cun- 
Tiingham  ;  Eockingbara  Bay,  Dallachy ;  between  Cleveland  and  Eockingbara  Bays, 
W.  Hill. 

Var.  lanceolata,  Meissn.  Leaves  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate.  Male  flowers  as  m 
tbe  typical  form,  females  unknown. —  T.  nesogena,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  169.— Family 
island,  Rockingbam  Bay,  iJallachy ;  Brisbane  river,  C.  Moore  (Sydney  woods,  Paris 
Exbibition,  1855,  n.  15)." 

It  seems  very  doubtfiil  wbciber  Ilexanthwi  of  Loureiro,  from  Cocbincbina,  usually 
referred  to  T.  ferrvginea,  is  really  tbe  same  species. 

4.  T.  reticulata,  Meism.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  192.  A  tree  of  con- 
siderable  size,  g-labrous  except  the  flowers,  or  the  young-  slioots  minutely 
silkv-pubescent.  Leaves  obovate-oblong-  or  oblong--elliptical,  obtuse  or 
scarcely  acuminate,  narrowed  into  the  petiole,  mostly  8  to  4  in.  long-, 
not  thick,  g-reen  on  both  sides,  the  primary  veins  not  very  prominent, 
the  reticulations  much  more  conspicuous  on  the  upper  than  on  the  lower 
surface.  Peduncles  3  to  5  lines  long-  in  the  males,  much  shorter  in  the 
females,  usuall}^  in  short  irregular  racemes  or  clusters,  on  a  common 
rhachis  at  first  very  short  but  sometimes  lengthening-  to  |  in.,  g-labrous 
as  well  as  the  bracts.  Perianth-segments  narrow,  acute,  silky-villous. 
Stamens  in  the  males  6  outer  ones  rather  longer  than  the  perianth  and 
withotit  glands,  3  inner  rather  shorter,  each  with  a  pair  of  glands. 
Staminodia  in  the  females  shorter  than  the  perianth.  Ovary  g-labrous ; 
stigma  broad  and  lobed.  Fruit  ovoid,  resting-  in  the  enlarg-ed  truncate 
cup-shaped  perianth-tube. —  Cylicodaphne  Fawcettian/i  or  Tetranthera 
Fawcettiana,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v,  168. 

Queensland.  Eockingbam  Bay,  DaUachy ;  Sydiiey  woods  (probably  from  Bris- 
bane  river),  Paris  Exbibition,  1855,  Macarthur,  n.  24,  192. 


6.  LITS^A,  Juss. 

Flowers  dioecious.  Perianth-segments  usually  4,  equal  or  nearly  so. 
Stamens  of  the  outer  series  usually  4,  perfect,  of  the  inner  series  2  per- 
fect,  Avithout  staminodia ;  glands  4,  one  on  each  side  of  the  2  inner 
stamens ;  anthers  all  4-celled  introrse  ;  stamens  in  the  females  reduced 
to  staminodia.  Ovary  imperfect  or  abortive  in  the  males,  free  in  the 
females ;  stig-ma  disk-shaped.  Berry  resting-  on  the  flat  somewhat  or 
scarcely  dilated  perianth-tube,  the  seg-ments  persistent  or  deciduous. — 
Trees.  Leaves  alternate,  frequently  crowded  and  almost  whorled  atthe 
ends  of  the  shoots,  usually  pennivcined  but  with  few  primary  veins  and 
the    lower   pair   more  prominent  so  as  often   to  appear  triplinerved. 


Litsaa.]  ciii.  laurine^.  307 

Flowers  in  sessile  or  nearly  sessile  clusters  surrounded  by  several  very 
deciduous  imbricate  bracts. 

The  genus  extends  over  tropical  Asia.  Of  the  two  Australian  species  one  is  a 
comnion  Indian  one,  the  othcr  appears  to  be  endemic. 

Glabrous  or  the  inflorescence  slightly  pubescent.     Fruiting  perianth 

entire  (the  segments  deciduous) 1.  L.  zeylanica. 

More  or  less  ferruginous-villous,  at  least  the  young  shoots  and  inflo- 
rescence.  Fruiting  perianth  4-toothed  (the  segments  wholly  or  par- 
tially  persistent)       2.  L.  dealhata. 

1.  Ij.  zeylanica,  Nces.^frr.  Cinnam.  Dispnt.in  Ainoeii.  Bot.  Bonn.  i.  58, 
t.  5.  A  larg-e  tree,  tbe  branches  and  inllorescence  quite  g-labrous  or 
scarcely  boary  witb  a  very  minute  tomentum.  Leaves  ovate-elliptical 
or  elliptical-oblong',  acuminate,  contracted  at  tbe  base,  3  to  5  in.  long", 
g'labrous  and  gTeen  above,  white  or  glaucous  underneath,  penniveined 
but  with  few  primary  veins,  the  lowest  pair  more  prominent  tban  the 
otbers.  Flowers  in  sessile  chisters  in  the  axils  or  at  the  old  nodes,  on 
pedicels  of  1  to  2  lines  usually  g-labrous  as  well  as  tbe  perianths. 
JPeriantb-segments  ovate-oblong-,  obtuse.  Fibiments  exserted,  with  a 
few  bairs  about  tbe  base  ;  g-lands  of  tbe  two  inner  ones  stipitate.  Berry 
g'lobular  or  slig'btly  ovoid,  larg-er  than  in  L.  dealhata,  resting*  on  tbe  per- 
sistent  periantb-tube  expanded  into  an  entire  or  slig-btly  ang'ular  flat 
disk  of  2J  to  3  lines  diameter,  tbe  segments  entirely  deciduous. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  226 ;  Wig-bt,  Ic.  t.  132  and  1844. 

Queensland.  Lizard  island,  Baiiks  and  Solander  (the  specimens  impei-fect  and 
therefore  omitted  by  R.  Brown)  ;  Port  Deuison,  Fitzalan  :  Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy ; 
between  Cleveland  and  Eockingham  Bays,  W.  Hill;  Rockhampton,  Thozet. 

The  species  has  a  wide  range  over  tropical  Asia,  including  L.follosa,  Nees,  Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  222,  L.  consimilis,  Nees,  Meissn.  l.c.  223,  L.pulchella,  Meissn.  l.c. 
224,  and  probably  some  others  of  the  Prodromus.  The  details  of  the  flower  in  Nees's 
plate  are  very  indifferent,  and  rather  coarse  in  Wighfs  figures. 

2.  L.  dealbata,  Nees.  S^st.  Lanrin.  630.     A  moderate-sized  tree,  the 

young'  sboots  softly  ferruginous-villous.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate-ellip- 
tical  or  almost  oblong",  acuminate,  contracted  at  the  base,  3  to  6  in.  long-, 
g-labrous  above  witb  the  primary  veins  slightly  prominent,  g-lau- 
cous  underneatb,  the  primary  veins  more  prominent  and  g-labrous  or 
villous,  few  in  number  and  the  lowest  pair  usually  long-er  and  thicker. 
Flowers  in  sessile  clusters,  axillary  or  at  the  old  nodes,  the  pedicels 
tbick,  1  to  2  lines  long.  Periantb-seg'ments  4,  lanceolate,  1  to  1|  lines 
long",  villous  outside  and  tbe  margins  fring-ed  with  long-  ferruginous 
hairs.  Filaments  filiform,  long-er  than  the  perianth,  bearded  with  a  few 
hairs  below  the  middle ;  the  staminodia  in  the  females  small  and  irre- 
gular.  Ovary  slightly  hairy;  stig-ma  broad  and  oblique.  Fruit  globular,  3 
to  4  lines  diameter,  resting  on  tbe  persistent  periantb-tube  enlarged  into 
a  small  flat  disk,  4-tootbed  with  the  persistent  remainsof  the  segments. 
— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  224  ;  Tetranthera  dealbata,  R.  Br.  Prod.  403. 

Queensland.     Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Hawkesbury  and  Hunter's  river,  Bechler ;  Hastings  river,  BecMer ; 
Richmond  river,  Henderson,  Fawcett ;  Clarence  river,  C.  Moore  ;  Illawarra,  A.  Cunning- 
ham  ;  Sydney  woods,  Paris  Exhibition,  1855,  M'Arthur,  n.  101. 

X  2 


808  Clll.   LAURINE^.  [Litscea. 

Var.  riifa.  The  rufous  hairs  more  abundaiit  and  persistent  on  the  branchis  and 
underside  of  the  leaves.  Brisbane  river,  Jloreton  Bay,  Fraser,  F.  Muelltr,  W.  EiU, 
Leichhardt ;  Blue  Mountains,  Iliss  Atkinson. 

SuBORDER  2.  Cassythe^. — Leafloss  parasitical  twiners.       Flowers 
in  spikes  or  racemes.     Anther-valves  opening-  upwards. 
The  suborder  is  limited  to  a  single  genus. 

7.   CASSYTHA,  Linn. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite  (or  semi-dioecious  ?).  Perianth-seg-ments  6, 
the  3  outer  ones  short  broad  and  resembling-  the  bracts,  the  three  inner 
ones  (when  fiiU  g-rown)  at  least  twice  as  long-,  almost  valvate  in  the 
bud.  Stamens  of  the  outer  row  6,  all  perfect  with  introrse  anthers,  or 
rarely  3  of  them  (opposite  the  inner  segments)  reduced  to  linear  or 
spathulate  staminodia  ;  of  the  inner  series  3  perfect  with  extrorse  anthers 
(opposite  the  outer  perianth-segments),  alternating  Avith  3  staminodia ; 
anthers  all  2-celled ;  ghmds  6,  one  on  each  side  at  the  base  of  the  inner 
perfect  stamens.  Ovary  free,  scarcely  immersed  in  the  perianth-tube 
till  after  flowering  ;  stigma  small,  obtuse  or  capitate.  Fruit  drupaceous, 
completely  enclosed  in  the  enh^rged  persistent  and  succulent  perianth- 
tube,  usuallv  crowned  by  the  small  persisfeut  segments.  Seed  with  a 
membranous  testa.  Embryo  with  thick  fleshy  cotyledons,  distinct  at 
an  early  stage,  but  completely  consolidated  when  ripe,  assuming-  the 
appearance  of  a  fleshy  albumen  at  the  base  of  which  the  plumula  simu- 
hites  an  embryo. — Leafless  parasites  with  filiform  or  wiry  twining  stems 
attaching  themselves  to  living  plants  (usually  shrubs  or  trees)  by  means 
of  small  hmistuvia  (suckers).  Leaves  rephicedby  minute  scales.  Flowers 
small,  sometimes  very  minute,  in  pedunculate  or  rarely  sessile  spikes, 
which  are  either  reduced  to  close  heads  or  elongated  and  interrupted, 
or  in  racemes ;  each  flower  sessile  or  pedicellate  within  a  minute  scale- 
like  bract,  with  2  similar  bracteoles  close  under  the  perianth. 

The  genus  is  chiefly  Australian  and  more  or  less  maritime,  and  the  species  enume- 
rated  are  all  endemic,  witli  the  excepfion  of  one  which  extends  also  over  the  tropical 
regions  of  Africa,  Asia,  and  America.  There  are  besides  one  or  two  species  from 
S.  Airica,  and  one  from  Borneo  which  may  be  distinct,  but  require  further  inves- 
tigation. 

The  anomalous  habit  of  Cas.tytha,  so  exactly  that  of  Cmcuta,  has  induced  Lindley 
and  others  to  propose  it  as  a  distinct  natural  Order,  but  the  structure  of  the  flower  is  so 
precisely  that  of  ('ryptocarya,  that  it  l>as  beeii  agaiii  reunited  with  Laurinefe  as  a  sub- 
order.  The  fruit  is  also  the  same  witii  the  exception  of  the  hurd  endocarp,  and  the 
cotyledons  are  so  completely  consolidated  in  the  ripe  seed,  that  Gpertiier  described  them 
as  a  fleshy  albumen,  mistaking  the  plumula,  which  is  at  least  as  much  developed  as  in 
other  Laurineae,  for  the  embryo.  R.  l>rown  pointed  out  tiiis  error,  and  GrifEth  and 
others  fagured  the  real  embryo  with  a  distinct  iiiie  of  separation  between  the  two  coty- 
ledons.  In  the  dried  fruits  I  had  at  my  disposal  I  could  not  detect  any  such  demarca- 
tion,  and  I  sliould  liave  followed  GaBrtiier  in  describing  the  seed  as  albuminous  had  it 
not  been  for  Brown's  very  decidea  contradiction,  more  especialiy  as  Colonel  Champion 
in  some  sketchcs  made  from  the  living  plant  in  Hong  Kong  scemed  to  confirm  Gfertner's 
view.  On  writing,  however,  to  Dr.  Thwaites  in  Ceylon,  he  has  kindly  examined  fresh 
seede,  and  fully  corroborates  Brown's  and  GrifSth's  statements,  explaining  the  discre- 


Casai/tha.]  CIII.    I,AURINE.E.  309 

pancies  by  the  circumstance  that  it  is  only  at  an  eavly  stage  that   the  cotyledons  are 
clearly  distinct,  the  line  of  demarcation  becoming  obliterated  long  before  maturity. 

In  several  species  the  specimeiis  show  two  fornis  of  flower,  aiways  on  different  indi- 
vidiials,  iii  tlie  one  the  perianth-tube  is  exceedingly  short,  in  the  other  it  is  globular  and 
as  long  as  the  segments.  In  both,  the  stamens  as  well  as  the  ovary  appear  to  be  per- 
fect,  usually  more  advanceii  in  the  iatter  than  in  the  former  ;  but  1  have  not  as  yet 
found  any  intermediate  state,  a  circumstance  which  suggests  a  certain  degree  of  uni- 
sexuality.  Nees  has  generally  and  Meissner  occasionally  considered  the  two  forms  as 
distinct  species,  the  one  with  a  rotate,  the  other  with  an  urceolate  perianth,  in  which 
view,  however,  I  cannot  concur. 

Flowers  sessile  in  a  spike  or  head. 

Flowers   capitate,  very  small   (the    spikes  contracted  into  ovoid 
globose  or  few-flowered  heads). 

Spikes  sessile.     Flowers  very  few \.   C.  nodlflora. 

Spikes  pedunculate.     Flowers  few,  glabrous 2.   C.  glalella. 

Spikes  pedunculate.     Flowers  rather  numerous,  densely  pu- 

bescent 3.   C.flava. 

(The  spikes  of  9,  C.  micrantlia,  4,  C.  pvhescens,  and  8,  C.  me- 
lantha,  are  sometiraes  capitate  when  in  bud.) 
Flowers  spicate,  the  spikes  when  fully  out  oblong  or  elongated, 
the  lower  or  all  the  flowers  more  or  less  distant. 
Flowers  pubescent  or  villous.     Ovary  hirsute. 

Spikes  short,  almost  capitate  when  young.  Fruiting  perianth 

globular 4.   C  puhescens. 

Spikes  elongated.     Flowers  all  distant.     Fruiting  perianth 

obovoid  or  pear-shaped 5.   C.pkceolasia. 

Flowers  glabrous  or  nearly  so.     Ovary  ghibrous. 

Flowers  1  to  IJ  lines  long.     Spikes  usually  elongated,  the 
flowers  distant. 

Fruiting  perianth  with  6  raised  ribs 6.   C.  paniculala. 

Fruitiug  perianth  smooth,  the  ribs  scarcely  visible  ...     7.    Cfiliformis. 

Flowers  2"lines  long.     Spikes  very  short 8.    C.  melantha. 

Flowers  4  Hne  long.      Spikes  short  but  slender       ....     9.   C.  micrantha. 
Flowers  (when  fuUy  out)  pedicellate  in  a  raceme,  sometimes  almost 
shortened  into  an  umbel. 
Stamens  opposite  the  inner  perianth-segments  reduced  to  linear 

stann'nodia 10.    C.  racemosa. 

Stamens  all  perfect 11.  C.  pomiformis. 

I  have  been  unable  to  recognise  C.  coronata,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  620,  from  W. 
Australia,  Preiss,  n.  1627  (Meissu.  in  DG.  Prod.  xv.  i.  254),  described  as  dioecious, 
densely  pubescent,  with  short  recurved  peduncles,  short  dense  spikes,  the  stamens  of 
the  female  flowers  all  reduced  to  broad  petal-like  staminodia. 

1.  C.  nodiflora,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  252.  Quite  g-labrous. 
Stems  slender.  Spikes  closely  sessile  at  the  nodes,  reduced  to  heads  of 
2  to  6  rather  small  sessile  ilowers  quite  glabrous.  Bracts  broad,  obtuse, 
the  margins  often  slightly  ffinged.  Perianth  nearly  1  line  long-.  Fruit 
ovoid,  nearly  2  lines  long,  but  not  seen  perfect. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  149  (in  young  fruit),  5th  coll.  n.  226  and  228  (in 
flower). 

2.  C.  glabella,  F.  Br.  Prod.  404.  Glabrous.  Stems  filiform.  Spikes 
peduuculate,  reduced  to  heads  of  3  to  6  or  rarely  more  very  small 
ilowers.  Perianth  f  Une  long,  quite  glabrous  as  well  as  the  bracts ;  in 
some  specimens  the  tube  undeveloped  but  the  ovaries  perfect,  in  others 
the  iiowers  rather  longer  and  the  tube  enclosing-  the  ovary  but  the  sta- 


310  nii.   LAURiNE-i:.  [Cassi/tfui. 

mens  apparently  perfect.  Fruit  ovoid,  about  2  lines  long. — Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  XV.  i.  254 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  318 ;  F.  Muell.  Pl.  Vict. 
ii.  t.  68;  C.  dispar,  Schlecht  in  Linntiea,  xx.  578,  Meissn.  l.c.  253;  C. 
microcephala,  Meissn.  l.c.  253 ;  C.  casuariiice,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  019  ; 
Meissn.  l.c.  253. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Brown ;  Sturfs  Creek, 
F.  Mueller  ;  Port  Darwin,  Schulz. 

N.  S.  V^ales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Bmwn,  J.  D.  JSooker,  Cloices,  Woolls ;  Castle- 
main,  Leichhardt ;  Twofold  Bay,  JF.  Mueller. 

Victoria.  Fortland  and  Glenelg  river,  Rohertson ;  near  Melbourne,  Adamson ; 
Dandenong  Crampian  and  Victoria  Ranges,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrymple,  R.  Broicn ;  abundant  on  the  north  coast,  denseiy 
matted  over  bushes,  etc,  J.  D.  Hooher. 

S.  Australia.     Kangaroo  Island,  SeeJey. 

^V.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  R.  Brown  and  many 
others,  Drummond  (3rd  colL?)  suppl.  n.  64,  68,  Preiss,  n.  1624;  Murchison  river, 
Oldjield. 

3.  C.  flava,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  620.  Stems  slender,  frequently 
filiform,  more  or  less  pubescent  with  w^hitish  hairs,  which  are  spreading* 
or  rarely  appressed  under  the  spikes.  Spikes  or  heads  g-lobular  or  ovoid, 
consisting-  of  very  small  closely  sessile  llowers  usually  more  numerous 
than  in  C.  r/labella  and  the  peduncles  longer.  Bracts  and  outer  seg'- 
ments  of  the  perianth  ciliate  and  hirsute  ;  inner  seg"ments  under  |  line 
long",  pubescent  outside  with  yellowish  hairs.  Ovary  hirsute.  Fruit 
not  seen. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  253. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  {3rd  coll.7)  suppl.  n.  62  a7id  67  ;  Swan  river,  Freiss, 
n.  1622  ;  near  Cape  Riche,  Harvey. 

4.  C.  pubescens,  li.  Br.  Prod.  404.  Stems  more  robust  than  in 
C.  fflabeUa,  less  so  than  in  C.  vuianthu,  but  variable,  the  young'  branches 
and  inllorescence  shortly  pubescent  or  villous.  Spikes  short,  forming- 
when  in  bud  close  heads  of  few  flowers,  but  lengthening-  out  sometimes 
to  f  in.,  with  the  lower  Howers  rather  distant,  the  pedunde  alwa^-s  short. 
Flowers  usually  about  1\  lines  long-,  pubescent  outside,  tlie  inner  seg'- 
ments  appearing*  narrower  in  the  fi-uiting-  specimens  than  in  those  in 
which  the  tube  remains  undeveloped.  Ovary  villous.  Fruiting-  perianth 
ovoid,  pubescent,  about  2  lines  lono-. — Schlecht.  Linmea,  xx.  577 ; 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  255  ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  318  ;  C.  piligera, 
Schlecht.  Linnoea,  xxi.  446 ;  C.  tasmanica,  Meissn.  I.c.  252 ;  C.  mujulosa, 
Meissn.  1.  c.  255. 

Queensland.     Hervey  Bay  and  Sandy  Cape,  R.  Brown. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson,  very  common,  R.  Brown,  J.  D.  Hoolcer,  Fraser, 
Woolls,  and  others ;  Hastings  river,  Beckler ;  New  Enghmd,  C.  Stuart. 

Victoria.  Glenelg  river,  Robertson;  Port  Phillip,  Gann ;  Melbourne,  Adamson; 
Wilsoti's  Promontory,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasiuania,   R.  Broivn.     Abundant  in  many  parts  of  the  island,  J.  D.  Hooker. 

S.  Australia.  From  the  Murray  to  St.  Vincenfs  Gulf,  F.  Mueller  ;  Port  Lincoln, 
WHiiehni. 

W.  Australia,  Dmmmond,  n.  147;  Murchison  river,  Oldjield  (the  latter  speci- 
mens  and  otliers  from  Drummond,  n.  10,  very  bad  and  therefore  doubtful). 

5.  C.  phseolasia,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  167.      Veiy  near  C.  puhescens 


Cassi/tha.]  Ciii.   laurine^.  311 

and  C.^fiUfonnis,  differing-  from  tlie  former  in  inflorescence,  Irom  the 
latter  in  indumentum  and  from  both  perhaps  in  the  form  of  the  fruit. 
Stems  g-labrous  or  nearly  so.  Spikes  pubescent,  mterrupted,  1  to  2  in. 
long-,  the  tiowers  all  distant.  Perianth  in  the  specimens  with  un- 
enlarg-ed  tube  not  1  Hne  long-,  hirsute,  in  those  with  enlarg-ing-  ovary, 
the  tube  at  flrst  g-lobuhir  densely  ferruginous-hirsute,  the  seg-ments 
shorter  than  the  tube,  pubescent  or  nearly  g-labrous.  Fruit  obovoid  or 
pear-shaped,  nearly  2  lines  long",  but  not  seen  quite  ripe. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Twofold  Bay,  F.  3Iueller. 

Victoria.     Yarra  river,  Portland,  aad  near  Brighton,  F.  31ueller. 

6.  C.  paniculata,  i?.  Br.  Prod.  404.  Quite  g-labrous  or  with  a 
scarcely  perceptible  pubescence  on  the  inflorescence.  Spikes  pedun- 
culate,  elong-ated  and  sometimes  branched,  the  flowers  usually  smaller 
and  more  distant  than  those  of  C.Jiliformis,  but  sometimes  dilficult  to 
disting'uish  from  them.  Perianth  quite  g-hibrous  or  rarely  with  a  few 
hairs.  Fruiting-  perianth  g-lobular,  with  6  raised  longitudinal  ribs. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  256  ;   C.  glabella,  Sieb.  Pl.  Exs.  not  of  R.  Br. 

Queensland.     Moreton  island,  F.  Mueller. 

Wr.  S.  'Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  Sieber,  n.  218, 
and  others  ;  Port  Macqnarrie,  BackJiouse ;  Clarence  river,  Beckler. 

Var.  remotiflora.  Inflorescence  very  slightly  pubescent. —  C.  remotiflora,  F.  Muell. ; 
Meissn.  in  DO.  Prod.  xv.  i.  256. — To  this  belong  the  Moreton  island  specimens. 

Specimens  from  New  Zealand  may  possibly  belong  to  this  species,  but  they  are  not 
in  fruit. 

7.  C.  filiformis,  Lin/i.  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  255.  Glabrous 
or  the  young'  shoots  and  inflorescence  slig-htly  pubescent.  Spikes  in- 
terrupted,  h  to  nearly  2  in.  long-,  the  flowers  all  distant  and  sessile  or 
nearly  so.  Periauth  1  to  1 1  lines  long-,  g-labrous  except  short  cilia  on 
the  marg-ins  of  the  outer  seg-ments,  the  inner  ones  broad,  the  3  outer 
stamens  opposite  the  outer  seg-ments  (as  in  most  species)  much  broader 
than  those  opposite  the  inner  ones,  but  all  perfect.  Ovary  g-labrous. 
Fruiting-  perianth  g'lobular,  2^  to  3  lines  diameter,  smooth,  without 
prominent  ribs. —  C.fjiiitieensis,  Schum. ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  255  ; 
C.  americana,  Nees ;   Meissn.  l.c. 

N.  Australia  ?  Some  specimens  from  Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller,  in  an  imperfect 
state  may  probably  belong  to  this  species. 

Queensland.  '  Albany  island,  Howick's  group,  and  between  Dawson  and  Burnett 
rivers,  F.  Mueller ;  Rockhampton,  O^ Slianest/,  Bowman. 

The  species  is  widely  spread  over  tropical  Asia,  Africa,  and  America,  chiefly  in  rnari- 
time  districts,  for  I  am  unable  to  detect  any  diflerence  between  our  numerous  African 
and  American  specimens  and  the  Asiatic  ones.  The  New  Zealand  spepimens  referred 
by  Meissner  to  C.  paniculata  may  possibly  belong  also  to  C.  filiformis ;  tbey  are  ia 
flower  only,  and  without  the  fruit  the  two  species  cannot  be  distinguished  with  cer- 
tainty.  Both  have  occasi.nuilly  branched  spikes,  although  this  be  more  frequent  in 
C. panicidata  than  in  C.  filiformis. 

8.  C.  melantha,  li.  Br.  Prud.  404.  Stems  glabrous,  stouter  and 
flowers  larg-er  than  in  any  other  species.  Spikes  very  short  and  shortly 
pedunculate,  sometimes  almost  reduced  to  heads  especially  when  in  bud 


312  Ciil.    laurink.t:.  [Cimytha. 

and  few-flowered,  tlie  fruiting-  rhacliis  varying-  from  3  to  6  lines  long-, 
the  tiowers  sessile.  Perianth  about  2  lines  long-,  pubescent  with  short 
appressed  hairs  or  nearly  g-kibrous.  Fruiting-  perianth  ovoid-gh^bular, 
3  to  4  lines  long-,  the  whole  ])hint  especially  the  tlowers  usually  (h'ying- 
very  black.— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  254 ;  Hook.  f  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  31?  ; 
C.  ruhusta,  Meissn.  1.  c.  255. 

N.  S.  Wales.    Port  Jackson,  R.  Brown. 

Victoria.  Near  Melbourne,  Harvey ;  Corner  Inlet,  Dandenong  and  Buffalo  Ranges, 
F.  Jhidler. 

Tasmania.     Abundant  near  Launceston,  cbiefly  on  Acacias,  /.  D.  HooTter. 

S.  Australia.  Lake  Victoria,  Mount  Baker,  Fb'nders  Ranges,  F.  Mueller ; 
Gawler  Kaiiges,  SidUvan  (tbe  latter  specimens  bad  and  doubtful). 

IV.  Australia.     S.W.  Bay,  on  Acacias  near  the  sea,  Oldfield. 

9.  C.  micrantha,  Meh.m.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  256.  As  C.  melantha 
is  the  stoutpst  hirgest-ilowered  species  so  this  is  the  most  slender  and 
smallest-llowered  one,  quite  glabrous,  with  fihform  stems.     Peduncles 

3  to  6  Hnes  long-,  with  few^  ilowers  either  close  tog-ether  at  the  end  or 
the  lower  ones  distant.    Perianth  searcely  ^  line  long.    Fruit  not  seen. 

VT.  Australia.     Harvey,  Drummond  [ird  coll.  f)  svppl.  «.61  and  n.  152. 

10.  C.  racemosa,  NeesinPl.  Preiss.  i.  621.  Glabrous  in  the  typical 
form,  with  slender  stems.  Spikes  or  racemes  pedunculate  with  few 
flowers,  sometimes  crow^ded  at  the  end  of  the  peduncle,  more  frequently 
distant,  pedicellate  or  rarely  nearly  sessile,  small  and  ghabrous.  Perianth 
under  1  line  long.  Three  stamens  of  the  outer  row,  those  opposite  the 
inner  perianth-segments,  reduced  to  Hnear  staminodia,  nearly  as  long* 
as  tlie  perfect  stamens  and  sometimes  slig-htly  dihated  above  the  middle, 
but  always  without  anther-cells,  the  other  stamens  as  in  the  rest  of  the 
g-enus.  Fruiting"  perianth  globular  ovoid  or  obovoid,  obscurely  6-ribbed, 
about  2  Hnes  diameter. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  257 ;  C.  Muelleri, 
Meissn.  1.  c.  257 ;  C.  digitata,  Nees  in  Ph  Preiss.  i.  620 ;  Meissn.  L  c. 
257. 

Queensland.  Moreton  island,  F.  Mueller.  AUbougb  frora  a  station  so  distant  from 
tbat  of  tbc  rcst  of  tbe  species,  and  therefore  distinguished  under  the  name  of  0.  Muelleri, 
I  am  unable  to  discovcr  any  cbaracter  to  separate  it  evcn  as  a  variety. 

■^V.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  Harvey,  Preiss,  n. 
1623,  Drummond,  n.  133,  226,  229,  and  suppl.  n.  68,  A  Muvlkr. 

Y ar.  pilosa.  Stems  more  or  less  pubescent,  with  loose  spreading  bairs.  Raccmes 
short,  the  pedicels  rather  long. —  C.  suhcapitata,  Mcissn.  in  DU.  Prod.  xv.  i.  253,  partiy. 
— W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  203;   King  George'8  Sound  and  Gordon  river,  Oldfield. 

Wben  the  pedicels  are  very  sbort,  C.  racemosa  migbt  be  mistaktn  for  C  glahella, 
but  it  is  always  readily  distinguished  in  all  its  forms  by  tbe  staminodia  instead  of 
stamens  opposite  tbe  inner  periantb-segments,  wbicb  1  have  not  observed  in  any  otlier 
species. 

C.  mnheUuta,  l\Ieissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  257,  from  towards  Cape  Riclie,  Harvey, 
eeems  to  me  to  be  ratber  a  half-monstrous  state  of  C.  racemosa,  var.  pilosa,  than  a  dis- 
tinct  species.    The  pedicels  are  most  of  tbem  much  elongated  and  tbickened,  sometimes 

4  or  5  lines  long,  and  irregubirly  cbistered  at  the  apex  of  a  verj  short  or  of  a  long 
peduncle,  but  bere  and  tbere  iu  tbe  specimens  are  a  few  raceraes  almost  or  quite 
uormal. 


Cassijtha.]  ciii.    kaukink^j.  'H^i 

11.  C.  pomiformis,  Nees  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  620.  Rather  slender  and 
tlie  typical  form  g'la])roiis.  Spikes  or  racemes  sliort  and  rig-id,  at 
first  dense  forminy  a  small  head,  at  length  interrupted  with  the  llowers 
rather  distant  and  horne  on  short  pedicels,  the  rhachis  and  pedicels  much 
thickened  after  Howering-.  Perianth  ahout  1  line  lony.  Stamens  op- 
posite  the  inner  se|T;-ments  narrow  hut  perfect,  tliose  o])posite  the  outer 
seg-ments  hroad  and  ahnost  petal-Hke.  Fruiting-  perianth  small,  ovoid, 
not  ribhed. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  253  ;  C.  ceratupoda,  Meissn.  l.c. 
257. 

N.  Australia,  Drummond,  n  1.51,  and  perliaps  n.  150  (tlie  latter  in  very  young 
bud  and  doubttul) ;  Swan  river,  Prei^s,  n.  1625/  King  George's  Sound,  i7«ree//,  i^. 
Alueller. 

This  tvpical  form  is  iiear  C.  glahella,  but  as  the  flowering  advances,  the  longer  spike 
and  thickened  pedicels  will  readily  distinguish  it. 

Var.  puhiflora.  Flowers  pubescent,  with  the  short  yellowish  hairs  of  C  flava,  but 
pediceliate  and  niore  orless  racemose. —  (J.  suhcapitata,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  25H, 
partly;  C.  multiflora,  Nees,  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  621;  Meissn.  1.  c.  253. — W.  Australia, 
Drummond,  suppl.  n.  63  ;  King  George's  Sound,  Pre.ss,  n.  2629, 

SuBORDER  3.  HERNANmE.s;. — Trees  or  shrubs  with  perfect  leaves. 
Flowers  monoecious,  the  females  with  an  involucel  which  enlarg-es  and 
encloses  the  fruit.  Anther-valves  opening"  laterally.  Seeds  without 
albumen. 

Formerly  associated  with  Inocarpus,  on  grounds  which  now  appear  quite  unintelli- 
gible,  in  a  distinct  order,  Hernandia  has  beeu  left  isolated,  aud  1  had  tliouyht,  from  the 
characters  given,  that  it  had  been  related  to  Euphorhiarea}.  The  examinatiou  of  the 
flowers,  however,  at  once  shows  the  correctness  of  tlie  more  recent  views  phicing  it  in 
close  connection  with  Laurinese,  with  which  Order  Meissner  was  unwilliug  actually  to 
unite  it  on  account  of  the  dehiscence  of  tlie  authers.  The  ditference  is,  huwever,  in 
this  rcspect  but  very  sniall.  The  shape  of  the  stamens,  their  basal  glands,  the  innate 
anther-cells  closed  by  deciduous  valves,  are  precisely  the  same,  tlie  only  distinction 
being  that  in  Laurinese  generally  the  valves  are  detached  from  the  base  upwards,  and 
in  Hemandia  from  the  inner  to  the  outer  side.  Another  difference  coiisists  in  the  infe- 
rior  ovary,  the  perianth-tube  being  from  tlie  first  aduate,  whilst  in  Laurinece  it  only 
becomes  so  as  tlie  fruit  eniarges  (e.g.  in  Cryptocarya  and  iu  Cassytha)  or  remains  quite 
free.  On  the  whole,  tlierefore,  it  appears  to  me  that  Hernandia  and  the  closely  allied 
if  not  congener  Hernandiopsis  are  be-:t  placed  as  a  Suborder  of  liaurineaB,  sepaiated  by 
characters  of  scarcely  more  importance  than  those  which  distiiiguisb  Cassytha. 


8.  HERNANDIA,  Linn. 

Fh)wers  monoecious.  Perianth-segments  in  two  rows,  valvate  in  each 
row  in  the  bud,  3  or  4  in  each  row  in  the  males  and  4  or  5  in  the  females. 
Male  11.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  outer  perianth-segments  andopposite 
to  them,  w^th  a  g'kind  on  each  side  at  the  base  (or  in  species  not  Aus- 
traHan  on  one  siile  only  or  none)  ;  anthers  2-celled,  introrse,  the  valves 
separating-  laterally  from  the  inner  to  the  outer  edg-e.  Female  tl.  in- 
serted  iu  a  cup-shaped  or  h^bed  involuceh  Glands  or  staminodia  as 
many  as  outer  perianth-segments  and  opposite  to  them.  Ovary  inferior, 
fleshy;  style  short,  thick,  with  a  (hhited  irregularly  toothed  or  lobed 
sti^TOa.     Fruit  somewhat  Heshv  or  coriaceous,  indehiscent,  enclosed  in 


•il4  riii.   LAURINEJE.  [Hcrnuudiu. 

tlie  enlar^'ed  flesliy  or  thickly  uieinbranous  involucel,  Seed  i^'lobular  ; 
testa  tliick  and  hard,  without  alhunien.  Embryo  with  thick  iieshy 
deeply-lobed  cotyledons. — Trees.  Leaves  alternate,  peltate  orpalmately 
nerved.  Flowers  in  loose  panicles  on  lateral  peduncles  at  the  ends  of 
the  branches,  each  brancli  of  the  panicle  terminating-  in  an  involucre  of 
4  or  5  verticillate  bracts  enclosing-  3  tiowers,  the  ccntral  one  female, 
sessile  within  the  cup-shaped  involucel,  the  '2  lateral  ones  males  and 
pedicellate. 

The  genus  contains  but  few  species,  chiefly  maritirae,  extendini^  over  the  tropical 
regions  of  the  New  as  well  as  the  Old  World.  Of  the  two  Australian  species  one  has 
a  conbiderabie  range  in  the  Old  World,  the  other  appears  to  be  endemic. 

Leaves    peltate.     Involucel  of  the   female   flowers    and   fruits   entire, 

truncate.     Male  flowers  3-merous,  feniales  4-nieroiis 1.  Ji.  pdtata. 

Leaves   not  peltate.     Iiivolucel  of  tlie  female  flowers  and  fruit  deeply 

2-vahx'd.     Male  flowers  4-merous,  females  5  nierous 2.   H.  hivalvis. 

1.  H.  peltata,  Mcis.m.  in  DC.  Prod.  xv.  i.  263.  A  larg-e  tree,  with 
a  spreading-  head,  glabrous  or  the  intiorescence  very  slig-htly  hoary- 
tomentose.  Leaves  on  long-petioles,  broadly  ovate,  acuminate,  peltately 
attached  near  the  base,  5-  to  9-nerved  and  remotely  penniveined,  the 
larg"er  ones  nearly  1  ft.  long-,  the  upper  ones  much  smaller.  Panicles 
shorter  than  the  leaves,  the  flowers  almost  clustered  on  tlie  branches, 
one  terminal  female  between  two  males  within  a  whorl  of  4  bracts,  and 
sometimes  one  or  two  males  lower  down  with  a  small  bract  under  each 
pedicel.  Male  perianth  slig-htly  pubescent,  the  seg-ments  3  in  each  row, 
almost  petal-like,  veined,  about  2  lines  long.  Stamens  3,  shorter  than 
the  seg-ments  with  short  filaments.  Female  ilowers  with  a  cup-shaped 
entire  truncate  involucel  a  little  below  the  ovary  and  \h  lines  long-  at 
the  time  of  Howering-,  but  soon  enlarged  and  growing'  over  the  ovary 
or  perianth-tube.  Perianth-tube  from  the  first  completeb^  adnate  to 
the  fieshy  ovary,  seg-ments  4  in  each  row,  the  outer  ones  ovate  2  lines 
long-,  theinner  ones  narrow.  (jllands  4,  large  and  nearly  globular.  Style 
villous,  thickened  upwurds,  with  a  dilated  oblique  irreg-ularly  lobed 
g-labrous  stigma,  the  whole  style  deciduous  with  the  perianth-hjbes. 
Fruit  completely  enclosed  in  the  involucel  vvhich  has  become  infiated 
g'lobular,  snnxjth  and  fieshy,  above  \\  in.  dianieter,  wilh  a  circular  en- 
tire  orificc  of  about  h  in.  diameter.  Pruit  about  1  in.  diameter,  more  or 
less  distinctly  marked  with  8  broad  raised  longitudinal  ribs,  with  a 
raised  terminal  umbo.  Seed  very  hard,  about  |  in.  diameter.  Embryo 
divided  into  4  or  5  thick  fleshy  ruminate  lobes. — Seem.  Fl,  Vit,  205, 
t.  32. 

Queensland.     Fiankland  islands,  M'GiUivray;  Dunk  island,  DaUachy. 

The  specics  cxtends  over  the  seacoasts  of  the  South  Pacific  and  Eastern  Archipelago, 
westward  to  the  Mascarene  islands  and  northward  to  the  rhilippine  islands  and  Loo 
Choo. 

2.  H.  bivalvis,  Bcnth.  Leaves  on  long-  petioles,  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  slig-htly  cordate  at  tlie  base  but  not 
peltate,  3-  or  rarely  5-nerved,   4  to  6  in.   long-.     Inflorescencc  of  H. 


Hernaiidia.]  cili.    laurine^.  •Jlo 

peltata,  the  involucre  of  4  or  5  bracts,  the  central  female  flowers  sessile, 
the  two  lateral  male  ones  on  short  pedicels  articuUite  below  the  middle. 
Involucel  of  2  distinct  broad  concave  bracts  enclosing-  the  periantli-tube 
or  ovary.  Perianth-segnients  usually  8  in  the  males,  10  in  the  females, 
about  8  lines  long-,  in  '2  rows  (one  of  the  inner  rows  deficient  in  one 
flower  examined).  Stamens  4,  the  filaments  slender,  with  2  g-hmds. 
St3'le  slender,  g-hil)rous,  with  a  broad  crenate  stig-ma.  Involucel  enclos- 
ing-  the  fruit  nearly  2  in.  long-,  very  broad,  cordate  at  the  base,  much 
intiated,  of  an  ahnost  membranous  texture  when  dry  and  reticulate,  but 
drying-  black,  divided  nearly  to  the  base  into  2  valves.  Fruit  about 
10-ribbed,  with  a  very  small  terminal  umljo.     Seed  as  in  H.  peltata. 

Queensland.  Brisbane  river,  Fraser ;  Wide  Bay,  Bidwill;  Moretoa  Bay,  Herh. 
F.  Mueller. 

Order  CIV.    PROTEACE^. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  rarely  partially  unisexual.  Perianth 
reg'ular  or  irreg-ular,  deciduous,  consisting-  of  4  seg-ments  valvately 
united  in  the  bud,  the  claws  forming*  a  tube  cylindrical  or  dilated  to- 
wards  the  base,  the  laminoe  short,  forming-  a  g-lobular  ovoid  or  rarely 
elong-ated  limb ;  the  seg-ments  at  length  separating-  either  from  the 
base  upwards  or  revolute  from  the  laminoe  downwards,  leaving*  a  por- 
tion  of  the  tube  entire  or  open  on  one  side,  the  laminfe  sometimes 
cohering-  long-  after  the  seg-ments  have  separated  lower  down.  Stamens 
4,  opposite  tlie  perianth-seg-ments  and  usually  inserted  on  them,  either 
with  the  filaments  wholly  adnate  leaving-  the  anthers  sessile  at  the  base 
of  the  lamime,  or  the  lilaments  shortly  free  below  the  lamime,  or  very 
rarely  the  stamens  entirely  free  fi'om  the  perianth ;  anthers  various,  all 
perfect  or  rarely  partially  abortive,  most  frequently  with  2  parallel  cells 
adnate  to  a  connectivum  continuous  with  the  filament.  Hypogynous 
or  perigynous  g'lands  or  scales  in  many  g-enera  4,  alternating-  with  the 
stamens,  but  in  sonie  g-enera  variously  united  or  reduced  in  number  or 
wholly  deficient.  Ovary  1-celled,  sessile  or  stipitate,  more  or  less 
excentrical,  with  a  single  terminal  undivided  style,  variously  shaped  at 
the  end,  with  a  small  terminal  oblique  or  lateral  stig'ma.  Ovules  either 
solitary,  or  2  collaterally  attached  or  slig-htly  superposed,  or  several 
imbricate  in  2  contig'uous  rows,  either  pendulous  and  orthotropous,  or 
more  frequently  laterally  attached  and  more  or  less  amphitropous, 
rarely  erect  and  anatropous,  the  micropyle  always  inferior  and  frequently 
prominent  froin  the  incomplete  development  of  the  primine.  Fruit 
either  an  indehiscent  nut  or  drupe,  or  a  more  or  less  dehiscent  coriaceous 
or  woody  follicle,  very  rarely  a  completely  2-valved  capsule  j  either  1- 
celled  and  1-seeded,  or  when  2  seeds  are  ripened  in  a  drupe  sometimes 
really  2-celled  from  tlie  g-rowth  of  the  endocarp  between  as  well  as 
round  the  seeds,  or  when  2  or  more  seeds  ripen  in  a  follicle,  apparently 
2-  or  more-celled  by  the  consolidation  of  the  external  coating-  of  the  2 
adjoining-  seeds  into  a  membranous  or  woody  plate  detaching-  itself  from 
the  remainder  of  the  seed.     Seeds  without  albumen,  the  testa  usually 


'Alii  riv.   proteace.t:. 

thin,  rarely  coriaceous  or  hard  ;  embryo  straig"lit,  with  tleshy  cotyledons 
and  a  short  inferior  radicle. — Shrubs  or  trees,  riirely  undershrubs  or 
even  perennial  herbs.  Leaves  alternate  or  scattered,  in  a  very  few  genera 
strictly  opposite  or  verticillate,  but  often  crowded  under  the  inflorescence 
so  as  to  appear  verticillate,  usually  coriaceous,  often  vertical  with  stomata 
on  both  sides,  or  in  the  sanie  fienera  horizontal  or  narrow  and  terete, 
entire  toothed  or  variously  divided,  without  stipules.  Flowers  axillary 
or  terminal,  solitarv  or  in  racemes  or  spikes,  often  condensed  into  imibels 
heads  or  cones,  each  flower  or  pair  of  flowers  subtended  by  a  bract,  very 
deciduous  in  some  g-enera  and  perluips  sometimes  really  deflcient,  the 
pedicels  always  without  bracteoles. 

Proteacese,  with  tlieir  chief  seat  in  Australia  and  South  Africa,  extend  on  the  one 
hand  to  New  Calcdonia,  ihe  Iiidian  Archipelago,  and  tropical  Asia,  chiefiy  eastern, 
to  Japan,  and  on  the  other  to  South  America.  The  seven  tribes  of  the  Order  are  all 
in  AustraHa.  Of  the  tirst  four,  constituting  the  Nucamentacece,  the  two  principal  ones, 
Proteeaj  and  Personiere,  are  also  in  South  Africa,  but  represented  by  diffcrent  genera, 
the  nine  Australian  ones  being,  as  well  as  the  four  constituting  tlie  small  tribes  Cono- 
spermese  and  FranklandieaR,  all  endemic  with  the  exception  of  a  single  New  Zealand 
species  of  Persoonia,  and  a  New  Caledonian  Cenarrhenes.  None  of  the  Nucamentacese 
are  either  in  America  or  Asia,  for  the  South  American  Andrijietalam  and  GutVina, 
referred  by  Meissner  to  Persooniese,  helong  v/ith Melicia  and  Macadamia  to  the  Greviliese. 
Of  the  Austrahan  genera  of  this  tribe  of  Grevilleese,  Htlicia  is  chiefiy  Asiatic,  Adeno- 
stephanus  is  tropical  American,  with  one  New  Caledonian  species,  and  the  iarge  genus 
Grevillea  has  also  a  few  New  Caledonian  species,  the  remaining  eight  genera  are 
endemic.  Of  the  Australian  Embothrieae,  Lomatia  extends  to  the  Andes  of  South 
America,  where  it  is  accompanied  by  two  nearly  allied  genera,  and  Stenocarpus  to  Ncw 
Caledonia;  the  two  remaining  genera,  as  well  as  the  two  which  constitute  the  tiibe 
Banl^siese,  are  endemic  in  Australia. 

The  clavate  fusiform  or  disk-shaped  end  of  the  style  in  Proteacese  is  usually  de- 
scribed  as  the  stigma,  and  where  it  is  more  or  less  constricted  it  is  said  to  be  articu- 
late,  but  I  have  never  found  any  real  articulation,  and  although  the  thickened  style-end 
may  be  an  essential  aid  in  the  collection  or  dissemiuation  of  the  pollen,  its  surface  is 
not  stigmatic,  the  real  stigma  being  usually  very  small,  either  on  the  point  terminating 
the  styie-end;  or  in  the  ccntre  of  the  disk,  or  quite  lateral.  The  di\ersified  mode  in 
which  in  different  gcnera  the  conformation  of  tliis  style-end  and  its  relation  to  the 
anthers  promotes  the  dissemination  of  pollcn  whilst  it  impedes  selt-fertilization,  upon 
which  I  have  drawn  up  a  few  notes  for  the  Linnean  Society  founded  on  tlie  examina- 
tion  of  dried  specimens,  would  be  an  interestini:;  study  for  local  botanists  who  have  the 
nieans  of  examining  and  watcliing  the  plants  living  in  tlieir  native  stations. 

In  the  distribution  of  the  numerous  species  of  this  most  natural  Order  info  tribes, 
genera,  and  sections,  I  have  ouly  had  to  foilow,  with  slight  motlifications,  the  admirable 
arrangement  proposed  by  Brown  and  further  deveioped  by  Endlicher  and  MeissuL-r; 
but  in  tlie  gnat  subdivision  into  Nucamcntaceae  and  Foilicidares,  these  tenns  must  not 
be  taken  strictly  in  their  literal  sense,  for  indehiscent  drupes  occur  in  both  divisions. 
Taking  liowever  tlie  friiit  geuerallj-,  in  conjunction  w'th  tlie  arrangement  of  the  oviiles 
aiid  tlie  intidre.scence,  neither  of  tliem  again  strictly  constant,  we  have  very  fairly  defi- 
nite  characters  for  two  large  groups  which  are  both  natural  and  to  a  certain  degree 
geograj^hical.  For  althougii  both  are  abuudant  in  Australia,  the  Nucameutace£e  alone 
are  in  Africa,  and  thc  Folliculares  alone  in  Asia  and  Amcrica. 

SuBORDER  1.  Nucamentacese. — Fruit  an  indehiscent  nut  or  drupe.  Flouers 
usually  solitary  icithiii  each  bract. 

Tribe  1.  Proteese. — Anthers  aUperfector  veri/  rarely  the  ujyper  one  abortive,  irith 
2  parallel  cells  aduule  to  the  connectivum,  inserted  at  the.  buse  vf  the  short  spreading 
luminoe  of  the ptrianth.     Ovule  1  or  rarely  2.     iStigina  ttrminal.     Fruit  a  dry  nut. 


CIV.    PROTKACE.E,  31? 

Flowers  in  dense  cone-like  spikes  or  heads  with  imbricate  scale- 
like  bracts,  with  few  or  many  outer  erapty  bracts  forming  an 
involucre.     Anthers  free. 
Cone-scales  iirnily  adlioring  to  the  rhachis   and  opening  for  the 

eraission  of  the  more  or  less  (lattenod  nuts 1.   Pktrophila. 

Cone-scales  either   very  decidnous  or  remaining  closely  imbri- 
cate  after  flowering  till  they  fail  off  with  the  nuts  which  are 

not  flattened 2.  Isopooon. 

Flowers  solitary  within  an  involucre  of  4  to  8  bracts 3.  Adenanthos. 

Flowers  in  small  heads  with  vcry  sraall  bracts.  Anthers  cohering 
round  the  style  and  the  adjoining  cells  of  two  difierent  anthers 
applied  face  to  face  in  the  bud  ibrming  a  siugle  cell      ....     4.  Stirlingia, 

Tribe  2.  Conospermese, — Anthers :  one  ivUh  2  perfect  cells,  two  loith  1  perfect 
and  1  ahortive  cell,  the  pun-th  ahorlive,  the  perfect  cells  hroad,  concave,  erect,  ivithout 
any  connective,  the  adjoining  ones  of  distinct  anthers  applied  face  to  face  in  the  bud 
forming  a  single  cell,  all  on  very  short  thick  filaments  at  the  hase  of  the  laminoe  or 
at  the  sumi7iit  of  the  tube  of  the perianth.  Ovule  1.  Fruit  a  dry  nut. 
Upper  anthers  abortive,  replaced  by  a  short  menibrane  connecting 

the  filament  with  the  disk-shaped  stigma.    Nut  ovoid  or  oblong. 

Leaves  mostly  divided 5.  SyxAPHEA. 

Lower  anther  abortive.     Stigma  raised  above  the  stamens  on  the 

beak-like  end  of  the   style.     Nut  turbinate,  flat  and  comose  on 

the  top.     Leaves-  entire 6.  Conospermdm. 

Tribe  3.    Franklandiese, — Anthcrs    all  perfect    with  parallel  adnate   cells  en- 
closed  in  and  adnate  to  the  sletider  perianth-tube.      Ovule  1.     Fruit  a  dry  nut  with  a 
jpappus-like  cone. 
Single  genus 7.  Franklandia, 

Tribe  4.  Persooniese. — Anthers  all  perfei  t,  irith  jyarallel  cells  adnate  to  the  con- 
nective,  the  stamens  inserfed  at  or  helow  the  middle  of  the perianth-segments.     Ovulea 
2  or  sometimcs  1.     Fruit  a  drupe  or  rarely  a  dry  uut  or  membraTWUs. 
Leaves  di^nded  or  lobed,    Flowers  in  interrupted  spikes  or  racemes, 
Ovules  2.     Fruit  dry,  indehiscent. 

Fiiaments  inserted  on  the  perianth,  converging  and  uiiited  in  a 

ring  round  the  style.     Fruit  a  uut 8,  Symphyonema. 

Stamens  free  at  the  base  of  the  perianth-segments.     Fruit  mem- 

branous,  flattened 9.   Bellendena. 

Leaves  entire.      Flowers  in   interrupted  axillary  spikes.     Ovule 

1.     Fruit  a  3-winged  nut 10,  Agastachys, 

Leaves  toothed.     Fiowers  in  interrupted  axillary  spikes.    Ovule  1. 

Fruit  a  drupe 11.  Cenarrhenes. 

Leaves  entire.     Flowers  axillary  or  rarely  fnrming  a  terminal  or 

infra-terminal    raceme    by   the    abortion  of   the    floral   leaves. 

Ovules  2  or  1.     Fruit  a  drupe 12.  Persoonia. 

Suborder  2.  PoUiculares, — Fruit  dehiscent,  foUicular  or  2-vaIved,  rarely  (in  the 
Jlrst  2  genera),  drupaceous  and  indehiscent.  Iloicers  usually  in  pairs,  with  a  single 
bract  to  each  pair,  rarely  (in  Carnarvonia,  Lambertia  and  Stenocarpus),  the  inflo- 
rescence  anomalous. 

Tribe  5.  Grevilleeae. —  Ovules  2  or  4,  collateral.     Seeds  without  any  intervening 
substances  or  separated  hy  a  thin  lamina  or  mealy  substance.    Flowers   in  racemes  or 
cluMers,  with  deciduous  or  abortive  bracts,  or  with  an  involucre  of  imhricate  bracts. 
Ovules  2.    Perianth  regular  or  nearly  so,  smali  (under  4  in.  except 
in  one  species),  the  anthers  on  short  filaments  attached  below 
the  laminse      Style  cyhndrical  or  clavate  at  the  end, 
Flowers  pedicellate,  in  pairs,  in  racemes.     Fruit  with  a   thick 
woody  indehiscent  pericarp  or  putamen. 
Leaves  alternate.     Ovules  ascending 13.  Helicia. 


318  CIV.    PROTEACE^. 

Lcaves  verticillate.     Ovules  desceiiding 14.  Macadamh. 

Flowpvs  sessile,  in  pairs,   in  cylindrical  spikes.     Fruit  thick 

and  woody,  tardily  deliiscent.     Leaves  opposite     ....   15.  XyLOMELUM. 
I<'lowcrs  solitary    or    clustered    on    irregularly   branched    pe- 

duncles.     Fruit  a  follicle.     Leaves  alternate,  conipound      .   16.  Carnarvoxia. 
Flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so,  in  pairs,  in  cylindrical  or  oblong 

spikes.     Fruit  a  foUicle.     Leaves  altcrnate 17.  Orites. 

Ovules  2.     Perianth  long  and  narrow.    Anthers  linear.    Fiowers 
solitary,  or  7  together  in  an  involucre  of  persistent  imbricate 

bracts.    Leaves  verticillate 18.  Lambertia. 

Ovules  2.     Perianth  revohite  in  Ihe  bud  or  rarely  str;iight  and 

regular.     Anthers    short    and  sessile    within    the    concave 

LaminaB.     Leaves  alternate. 
Ovules  orthotropous,  pendulous.     (Fruit  a  drupe?)    .     .     ,     .19.  Adenostephanus. 
Ovules  ampliitropous,  laterally  attached.     Fruit  a  follicle. 

Seeds  without  wings  or  the  wings    short  at  both    ends  or 

annular.    Inflorescence  terminal,  rarely  also  axillary  .     .  20.  Grevillea. 

Seeds  winged,  chiefly  or  entirely  at  the  upper  end.     Inflo- 

rescence  axillary 21.  Hakea. 

Ovules  4,  collateral.     Perianth  revolute  in  the  bud  or  straight 

and  regular.     Anthers  short  and  sessile  within  the  concave 

himinse.     Fruit  a  foUicle.     Leaves  alternate. 
Perianth  revohite  in  the  bud.     Ilypogynous  gland  unilateral 

or  semiannuhar.     Follicle  short  and  broad 22.  Buckinghamia. 

Perianth  straight.      Hypogynous  glands  4.     FoUicle  oblong, 

recurved 23.  Darlingia. 

Tribe  6.  Embothriese. —  Ovitles  steveral,  imbricate  in  2  rows.  Seeds  usually  sepa- 
rated  hy  thin  lamince  or  a  mealy  substance. 

Flowers  in  short  compact  racemes,  surrounded  by  an  involucre 

of  imbricate  coloured  bracts      ....  24.  Telopea. 

Flowers  in  loose  racemes.     Bracts  small  or  deciduous. 

Hypogynous    glands  3.     Ovules  imbricate    upwards.     Seeds 

winged  at  the  upper  end 2.5.  Lomatia. 

Hypogynous  glands  4.     Ovules  imbricate  downwards.     Seeds 

with  narrow  wings  all  round 26.  Cardwellia. 

Flowers  in  umbels  without  bracts 27.  Stenocarpus. 

Tribe  7.  Banksiese. —  Ovules  2,  collateral.  Seeds  separated  either  hy  a  hard 
usually  woody  suhstance  or  hy  a  memhrane  rarely  icanting.  ttowers  in  dense  cones  or 
heads. 

Flowcrs  in  ovoid  or  cyhndrical  cones,  without  any  involucre  .     .  28.  Banksia. 
Flowers  in  heads  surrounded  by  an  involucre  of  imbricatc  bracts 

and  floral  leaves 29.  Dryandra. 

SuBORDER  1.  NucAMENTACEJE. — Fruit  an  indeliiscent  nut  or  drupe, 
eitlier  1-seeded  or  if  2-seeded  the  seeds  separated  by  a  complete  dissepi- 
ment  continuous  with  the  endocarp.  Flowers  usually  solitary  within 
each  hract,  in  cones  or  spikes  or  solitary,  very  rarely  racemose,  the 
spikes  often  shortened  into  heads. 

Tribe  1.  PROTEEiE. — Anthers  all  perfect,  or  very  rarely  the  upper 
one  abortive,  with  2  parallel  cells  adnate  to  tlie  connectivum,  inserted 
at  the  hase  of  the  sliort  sjjreading-  laminae  of  the  perianth.  Ovule  1  or 
in  a  very  few  species  a  second  one  more  or  less  developed.  Stigma  at 
the  point  of  the  straig-lit  style  end.     Fruit  a  dry  nut. 


Petrophila.]  civ.  pnoTEACE^.  319 

1.  PETROPHILA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hcrmaplirodite.  Periantli  regular,  tlie  tube  slender,  sepa- 
rating-  into  4  segments  from  tlie  base  or  (in  two  sections)  remaining- 
united,  tlie  limb  of  4  linear  laminte.  Anthers  all  perfect  and  free, 
sessile  at  the  base  of  the  lamin;e,  usually  linear,  the  connective  pro- 
duced  into  a  small  appendag-e.  Ko  hji^^ogynous  scales.  Ovary  sessile, 
with  a  single  or  very  rarely  2  collateral  ovules,  pendulous  from  near 
the  apex  of  the  cavity,  and  orthotropous  or  slig-litly  amphitropous.  Style 
filiform,  either  dihited  and  truncate  towards  the  end  under  a  slender 
or  continuous  and  fusiform  brush,  always  g-labrous  below  the  brush, 
the  brush  usually  shortly  hispid  or  papillose,  at  least  before  the  ex- 
pansion  of  the  Hower,  with  a  g-labrous  tip  and  terminal  stig'ma.  Fruit 
a  small  dry  and  indehiscent  nut,  usually  compressed,  sometimes  wing-ed, 
with  a  coma  of  long-  hairs  on  the  margins  or  from  the  base  only  or  also  on 
one  very  rarely  on  both  faces. — Shrubs  with  rigid  entire  or  divided 
leaves,  terete  or  if  flat  usually  narrow.  Flowers  usually  white  or 
yellow,  in  dense  spikes  or  cones,  each  flower  sessile  within  a  bract  or 
scale ;  the  cones  globular  ovoid  oblong-  or  rarely  cylindrical,  terminal  or 
rarely  axillary,  the  receptacle  or  rhachis  woolly  and  usually  cylindrical, 
the  scales  broad  and  hardened  after  flowering-,  persistent,  at  least  at  the 
base,  and  imbricate  but  not  so  closely  so  as  in  Isopogon,  opening-  for 
the  emission  of  the  fruit,  the  thinner  points  of  the  scales  often  falling' 
ofi"  after  flowering-.  At  the  base  of  the  cone  are  also  several  imbricate 
empty  bracts  forming-  an  involucre  sometimes  larg-er  than  the  scales 
and  concealing-  them,  usually  smaller,  persistent  or  deciduous.  In 
several  species  new  leaves  and  shoots  form  in  the  axils  of  the  innermost 
of  these  erapty  bracts,  which  ultimately  fall  away,  leaving-  the  old  cones 
sessile  in  the  forks  of  the  branches  without  empty  outer  bracts.  Nuts 
usually  shorter  than  the  scales,  the  points  rarely  but  the  coma  fre- 
quently  protruding-. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  extratropical  Australia  and  is  chiefly  AVestern.  Like  the 
closely  allied  Isopogon,  it  differs  chiefly  from  the  South  African  geiiera  of  the  same 
tribe  in  the  absence  of  hypogyuous  scales.  The  part  of  the  style  which  is  here  terraed 
the  brush,  is  usually  cousidered  as  an  upper  article  of  the  stigma,  but  I  have  never 
observed  any  real  articulation  separating  it  from  the  rest  of  the  style,  and  it  does  not 
appear  to  be  ever  stigmatic  except  at  the  point. 

Sect.  1.  Arthrosti^ma. — Leaves  undivided.  Cones  terminal,  usually  large. 
Style  thickened  and  truncate  heloiu  the  narrow  villous  or  hirsute  brush. 

Leaves  terete  (slightly  grooved  in  P.  acicularis). 

Scales  of  the  cone  not  stiiate.     Leaves  usually  ratlier  thick. 

Style-brush  very  densely  and  closely  tomentose-villous,  mucb 
longer  than  broadiy  turbinate  style-end  below  it.  Outer 
bracts  free  and  narrow 1.  P.  teretifolia. 

Style-brush  densely  hirsute  with  spreading  hairs,  rather  longer 
than  the  narrow-turbinate  style-end  below  it.  Outer  bracts 
rigid,  linear-lanceolate 2.  P.  longifolia. 

Style-brush  loosely  hirsute  with  spreading  hairs,  much  longer 
than  the  broadly-turbinate  styleend  below  it.  Outer  bracts 
very  numerous,  liiiear  subulate 3.  P.  media. 


320  civ.  rROTKACE.T;.  [Pctrophila. 

Scales  of  thc  cone  more  or  less  ribbed  or  striate.     Leaves 

ionsr  aiid  slender.     Style  and  bracts  of  P.  media    .     .     .     4.  P.  acicularis. 
Leaves  fiattcncd,  rigidly  linear.  Style  aud  bracts  of  P.  media     5.  P.  llnearis. 

Sect.  2.    Xerostole.— Z-raw/?  flat,    ternatdy  divuled    or  rarely  entire.      Conex 
axillary,  ovoid.     Periaiith-tube  slender,  usually  falling  of  entire.     Style  thickened  and 
vsiially  truncate  under  the  narroio  nearly  glabrous  brush. 
Nuts  with  broad  wing-like  margins,  sbortly  comose  at  the  base 
only. 

Leaves  undivided  or  3-fid,  2  to  4  in.  long 6.  P.  heterophylla. 

Leavpfi   ali  divided,   the   segments  mostly  lobed  or  again 

divided. 

Leaf-segments  broadand  sbort  (rarely narrowlinearin  the 

lower  leaves).     Cone-scales  villous.     Perianth  8  to  10 

lines  long.  Style-end  long  and  narrow  below  the  briish     7.  P.  biloba. 

Lcaf-segments  Hnear.    Cone-scales  villous.    Perianth  4  to 

5lineslong.  Style-end  shortlyturlinatebelowthe  brush     8.  P.  propinqua. 
Leaf-segments  linear.    Cone-scales  glabrous.     Perianth  4 
to  5  Hnes  long.    Style-end  only  slightly  thickened  below 

the  brush 9.  P.  squamata. 

Nuts  comose  on  the  faces  as  well  as  on  the  margins,  taperiug 
upwards  (uncertain  in  P.  colorata).     Style-end  shortly 
turbinate  below  the  brusb. 
Outer  cone-scales  larger  than  the  emptybracts,  coloured  and 

glabrous 10.  P.  colorata. 

Outer  cone-scales   siuall   and  villuus,   coucealed  uuder  the 

large  coloured  and  glabrous  cmpty  bracts 11.  P.  striata. 

Sect.  3.  Serrurioides. — Liaves  divided,  the  seyments  tereteorflat.     Cones  axil- 
lary,  ovoid.     Perianth-iube  slender,  usuaVy  falliny  off  entire.     Style  continuous,  fusi- 
form. 
L''ai'-segmcnts   terete,  rigid,  pungent,  divaricate,  the  wbole 

leaf  usually  2  to  3  in.  broad 12.  P.  divaricata. 

Leaf-segments  terete  but  grooved  above,  the  whole  leaf  not 
excpcding  1  in. 

Leaf  segmeiits  erect  or  divaricate,  fine  but  ofteii  pungent    .   13.  P.  Serrurice. 

Leaf  segments  very  close,  compact  and  erect,  not  pungent  .  14.  P.  inconspicua. 
Leaf-segments  flat,  few,  rather  broad,    the  whole  leaf  usualiy 

2  to  4  in.  long 15.  P.  trifida. 

Sect.  4.  Symphyolepis. — Leares  flat,  lobed  or  divided.     Cones  axillary  or  rarely 
also  terminal.      Perianth-scgments  usually  falling  ofl'  separately.      Style  continuous, 
fmiform. 
Leaves  sessile,  oblong-lanceolate,  pinnatifid.       Perianth-limb 

glabrous 16.  P.  carduacea. 

Leaves  petiolate,   divided.     Perianth  glabrous.     Cones  often 
long. 

Nut  broad,  obtuse,  the  inner  face  glabrous 17.  P  Shvttleivorthiana. 

Nut  tapering  at  the  end,  comose  on  both  faces 18.  P.  macrostachya. 

Leaves  variously  divided.     Perianth  villous 19.  P.  diversifolia. 

Sect.  5.  Petropliyle. — Leaves  divided  or  rarely  simple,  the  segments  terete  (orflat 
hut  narroiv  in  the  first  two  sppcies).  Cones  terminal  {or  in  the  Eastern  species  also 
axiUary).     Perianthseginents  falling  off  siparately .     Style  continuous,  fusiform. 

Leaves  flat,  dividcd.     Cones  ovoid   or  oblong.     (See  above,  17. 

P.  Shuttleworthiana  and  18.  P.  macrostachya.) 
Leaves  flat,  with  3  or  5  segmcnts,    or   the    lower   ones  entire. 
Cones  broadiy  globular. 


Petrophila.]  civ,   pnoTKACE^.  321 

Leaves  glabrous ;  segments   long    and  divaricate.     Perianth 

glabmus.     iSut  witli  coniose  niargins 20.  P.  hlternata. 

Leaves  plumosc-liirsute  ;  segments   small,  on   a  long  petiole. 

Periai.th  vi.lous.     Nut  coniose  at  the  base  ouly     .     .     .     .21.  P.  phnnosa. 
Leaves  or  leat-segmcnts  tercte. 
Leaves  crowded,  \  to  |  in.  long. 

Leaves  uiidivided.     Perianth  glabrous.     Nuts  with  coniose 

margins 22.  P.  ertcifolia. 

Leavcs  pinnate.      Perianth   villous.     Nuts  comose  at   tbe 

base  only 23.  P.  chry<antha. 

Leaves  more  than  I4  in.  long 

Eastern   species.     Cones  usuaily  2  or  3  at  the   end  of  the 
branches,  otten  axiliary  when  old.  Lcaves  not  pungent. 

Cones  pedunculate.     Perianth  glabrous 24.  P. pcdunculala. 

Cones  sessile.     Perianth  silliy-villous. 

Foliage  glabrous.     Cones  oblong 25.  P.  pu^cheUa. 

Young  shoots  silky  or  hoary.     Cones  ovoid     ....  26.  P-  sessilis. 
Westein  or  Sonthern  species.     Cones  sojtary,  terminal  or 
in  the  forlcs. 
Perianth  giabrous.     Cones  ovoid  or  t;lobnlar. 

Leafsegments  nnmerous,  fiistigiate,  not  pungent     .     .  27.  P.  faitic/iata. 
Leal-segnieiits  divaricate,   pungeut-pointed,  the  lower 

leaves  somctiujes  enlire 28.  P.  seminuda. 

Perianth  villous.     Leaf-segments  divaricate  and  pungent- 
pointed. 
Outer  bracts  large  and  imbricate,  concealiiig  the  cone- 

scales.     Cone  nearly  flat-topped,  l^  in.  diameter      .  29.  P.  circinata. 
Cones  large,  ovoid  globular,  glutinous. 

Peiianth  viscid.     Fiuiting  cones  g!obiilar  .     .     .     .  30.  P.  Drummondii. 
Perianth  not  viscid.     Fruiting  co;ies  ovoiii  or  oblong  31.  P.  crispata. 
Cones  ovoid,  obloug  or  cylindricai,  not  viscid. 

Cones  ovoid,  chiefiy  terminal.     Branchos  glabrous    .  32.  P.  rigida. 
Cones    ovoid-obloug    or    cyiindricai,  chiefly   in  the 
forks. 
Leaf-segments   numerous    and    short.      Branches 

glabrous 33.  P.  wultiaecta. 

Leaf-segments  few  and  iong.    Branches  tomentose  34.  P.  couiftra. 

Sect.  6.  Hebegjme. —  Liar^es  te.rete,  simple  or  2-  or  3-lohed  at  the  end.  Cones 
terminal  or  in  the  forl.s.  Peiianth-S' gmenfs  falling  off  Siparatdy.  Style  puhcscent, 
thickemd  l.oirards  the  end,  hut  acarcdy  fusifurm. 

Single  species 35.  P.  semifurcata. 

P.  Roei,  Endl.  Gen.  Suppl.  iv.  75,  has  never  been  described,  and  is  most  probably 
the  same  as  one  of  the  species  here  enumerated. 

Sect.  1.  Arthrostigma,  Endl. — Leaves  undivided.  Cones  termi- 
nal,  usually  larg-e.  Style  tliickened  and  truncate  below  the  narrow 
villous  or  hirsute  brush.  Perianth-segments  usually  separating*  from 
the  base. 

1.  P.  teretifolia,  R.  Br.  in  Tran.s.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  68,  Prod.  364.  A 
shrub,  either  erect  and  tall  or  sometimes  difFuse,  glabrous  except  the 
cones.  Leaves  terete,  not  g-rooved,  somewhat  thickened  upwards  or 
the  lower  ones  slender,  1=^  to  2  in.  long-  in  some  specimens,  4  to  8  in. 
long  in  others.  Cones  terminal,  sessile  or  very  shortly  pedunculate 
above  the  last  leaves,  nearly  giobular  or  at  length  almost  ovoid,  ^  to  f 

VOL.  V.  Y 


322  Civ.   PROTEACE^.  [Petrophila. 

in.  diameter  without  the  perianths.  Outer  bracts  not  numorous,  not 
exceedin"-  the  scales,  a  few  of  the  outermost  lanceohite-subuhite  and 
rio-id,  the  others  broader  and  passing-  into  the  cone-scales,  which  are 
broad,  scarcely  acuminate,  ghibrous  except  at  tlie  base  or  shortly  cihate, 

2  hnes  diameter  when  in  llower,  8  to  4  lines  when  in  fruit.  Perianth 
about  8  hnes  long-,  viHous  with  hairs  at  first  silky  at  length  spreading-, 
the  segments  usually  falling-  off  scparately.  Style-end  g-hibrous,  broadly 
turbinate  and  truncate  below  the  narrow-cyhndrical,  very  densely  and 
closely  tomentose-villous  brush,  the  g-labrous  tip  short.  Nut  broad  and 
much  flattened,  the  long-  marg-inal  coma  protruding-  beyond  the  cone- 
scales,  the  inner  face  hairv,  the  outer  one  g-labrous. — Meissn.  in  Ph 
Preiss.  i.  492  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  208 ;  P.  cmssifoUa,  R.  Br.  Prot. 
Nov.  5;  Meissn.  IL  cc. 

W.  Australia.  liiKky  Bay,  R.  Broion,  Baxter  ;  towards  Cape  Riche,  Preiss,  n. 
630,  Druiinnond,  4th  coll.  n.  259  and  260 ;  Stirlirig  and  Kussell  Eanges,  Cape  Arid  and 
Israelitc  Bay,  Maxiccll. 

The  diSfrences  observed  in  Baxter's  specimens,  on  which  P.  crassifolia  was  founded, 
appear  to  me  to  be  owing  to  the  specimens  being  iu  a  more  advauced  iruiting  state. 

2.  P.  longifolia,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Isov.  o.  A  shrub  with  the  leaves 
terete  and  undivided  as  in  P.  teretrfolia,  but  usually  6  to  10  in.  long-. 
Cones  term.inal  and  sessile  within  the  hist  long*  leaves,  broadly  ovoid- 
conical,  |  to  1  in.  diameter  without  the  perianths.  Outer  bracts  rig-id, 
linear-hmceolate,  4  to  5  lines  long-.  Cone-scales  broad,  not  striate, 
g-labrous  except  at  the  base,  more  or  less  acuminate  and  not  ciliate. 
Perianth  rather  slender,  8  or  9  lines  long-,  hirsute,  the  seg-ments  falhng' 
off  separately.  Style-end  below  the  brush  g-htbrous,  oblong-turbinate, 
nearly  as  long-  as  the  brush  which  is  densely  hirsute  but  with  hairs 
more  distinct  and  spreading*  than  in  P.  teretifoUa.  JNut  as  broad  as 
long-,  with  comose  marg-ins,  the  outer  face  g-labrous,  the  inner  one 
convex  and  covered  with  long'  hairs. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  493  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  269. 

^^.  Australia.  Dry  stony  and  gravelly  places,  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining 
districts,  Barter,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  241,  Preiss,  n.  623,  625,  P.  Mueller,  and 
others  ;  eastward  to  the  AJonnt  Barren  ranges,  Maxtvell. 

Var.  tenuifolia.  Leaves  longer  and  m  Te  slender,  the  cones  and  flowers  smaller,  the 
cone-scales  broader  and  less  acuminate. — Kalgan  river,  Oldjield. 

3.  P.  media,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  5.  A  shrub  witli  the  habit  of  P. 
teretifolia.  Leaves  similarly  terete  and  rather  thick,  varying-  very  much 
in  length  even  on  different  branches  of  the  same  specimen,  mostly  2  to 

3  in.  long-  but  in  sorae  specimens  all  under  2  in.,  in  others  4  to  10  in. 
long-,  obtuse  or  when  long-  with  recurved  points.  Cones  terminal,  sessile, 
ovoid,  6  to  7  hnes  diameter  without  the  perianths  when  full-g-rown. 
Outer  bracts  Hnear-subulate,  much  more  ntimerous  and  long-er  than  in 
P.  teretifoUa,  and  often  whitish  in  the  dried  state.  Cone-scales  ovate- 
lanceolate,  not  at  all  or  very  obscurely  ribbed,  with  acuminate  often 
reflexed  or  at  leng-tli  deciduous  summits,  not  ciliate.  Perianth  7  or  8 
Hnes  long-,  villous,  the  seg-ments  falling-  off  separately.  Style-end  below 


Petraphila.]  civ.   proteace^.  323 

the  brusli  g-labrous,  broadly  turbinate,  mucli  shorter  than  the  narrow 
brush  which  is  hirsute,  with  the  hairs  sliort  and  spreading-  as  in  P. 
lonrjifoUa,  but  not  nearly  so  clense,  and  the  g-labrous  tip  lon^er. — 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.'492,  ii.  245  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  268;  P. 
brevifolia,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  35 ;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  491  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  268. 

W.  Australia.  King  George^s  Soiind,  Moiint  Gardner,  Baxter ;  N.  of  Stirling 
Eange,  F.  MuMtr,  and  iVoiii  tlienc'  to  Swan  river,  Druininoiul,  n.  14,  39,  2nd  coll.  n. 
293,  3r(l  coll.  n.  240  {or  241  ?) ;  Preus,  n.  628,  629 ;  Champion  Bay  and  Port  Gregory, 
Oldfield.  In  all  tlie  above  specimens  the  leaves  are  mostly  under  4  in.  long  and  some- 
times  under  2  in. 

Yav.  juncifolia.  Leaves  rather  more  slender,  6  to  10  in.  long  and  often  with  a  hooked 
or  recurved  point. — P.juncifoiia,  h\nd\.  Swan  Riv.  App.  35;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i. 
493  ;  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  269. — Swan  river,  Drumnund,  \st  coll.  n.  553  ;  Preiss,  n. 
621,  622,  624. 

The  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  two  preceding  ones  by  the  outer  bracts. 
Tlie  style-CTid  below  the  brush  is  short  as  in  P.  teretifulia,  but  the  brush  itself  is 
thinly  hirsute,  not  densely  and  closely  villous  or  tow-like  [stiqjosus)  as  in  that 
species. 

4.  P.  acicularis,  i?.  J3r.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  69,  Prod.  364.  A 
low  erect  nearh'  simple  or  tufted  shrub  of  about  2  ft.,  giabrous  except 
the  cones.  Leaves  undivided,  usually  slender,  terete  ancl  more  or  less 
distinctly  g-rooved  on  the  upper  side,  obtuse  or  with  a  short  straight  or 
curved  point,  2  to  6  in.  long-.  Cones  terminal  and  sessile,  nearly  g-lo- 
bular,  about  f  in.  diameter,  the  outer  bracts  rig-idly  linear,  sHghtly 
broad  at  the  base,  often  numerous.  Cone-scales  from  broadly  ovate  to 
ovate-lanceohite,  more  or  less  acuminate,  the  summits  sometimes  de- 
ciduous,  the  hardened  portion  striate  with  several  nerves  especially 
prominent  after  flowering-.  Perianth  of  P.  media.  Style-end  shortly 
turbinate  below  the  brush,  scarcely  half  as  long*  as  the  narrow  brush 
which  is  not  very  densely  hirsute  with  short  spreading-  hairs.  Nut 
broad  and  flat,  the  margins  comose  with  long-  hairs,  the  outer  face 
giabrous,  the  inner  villous. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Pr.  i.  494  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  268;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3469;  P.,Jilifolia,  R.  Br.  11.  cc,  Meissn.  ll.cc. 

MT.  Australia.  King  George"s  Sound,  common,  R.  Brown,  A.  Cunninqliam, 
Baxter,  Dramuiond.n.  181  (or  184?),  Zrd  coll.  n.  242,  Preiss,  n.  626,  Oldfield,  F. 
Muelltr. 

This  species  has  the  bracts  and  the  style  nearly  of  P.  media,  but  (he  longitudinal 
ribs  of  the  cone-scales  are  always  more  prominent  aud  the  leaves  more  slender. 

6.  P.  linearis,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  6.  An  erect  shrub  of  about  2  ft., 
g^labrous  except  the  cones  or  hoary-glaucous.  Leaves  linear,  flat  but 
thick,  1  to  2  or  rarely  3  lines  broad  above  the  middle,  contracted  into  a 
terete  base  or  petiole,  mostly  incurved  towards  the  end  or  falcate,  obtuse 
or  with  a  straigiit  or  curved  point,  l^  to  4  in.  long.  Cones  giobular  or 
ovoid,  sessile  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  ^  to  |  in.  diameter  without 
the  perianths.  Outer  bracts  as  in  P.  media,  linear-subulate  and  often 
numerous.  Cone-scales  broad,  not  ciliate,  smooth  or  wlien  old  slightly 
striate.  Perianth  dt  least  1  in.  long-,  very  densely  villous  with  silky- 
white  or  ferruginous  hairs,  the  segments  falling  off"  separately.     Style- 

y  2 


324  Civ.    PROTEACE^.  [PetropMla. 

end  narrow-turbinate  below  the  brusli,  ratlier  shorter  than  the  brush, 
vvhich  is  not  very  densely  hirsute  with  sliort  spreading-  hairs.  Nut 
broad  and  flat,  the  niargins  comose  with  long-  hairs,  the  outer  face 
g-hibrous,  the  inner  villous. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  i.  494  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  207. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  558,  Frtiss,  n.  636; 
Vasse  an<l  Swan  rivers,  Oldjield. 

Var.  ance])s.  Leaves  straighter  with  thinner  margins  ;  flowers  rather  smaller. — P. 
anceps,  K.  lir.  Prot.  Nov.  5:"l\Ieissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  2G7. —  W.  Australia,  Drum- 
viond,  Ath  coU.  v.  261,  bth  coll.  n.  394;  King  George's  Souud,  Baxter ;  foot  of  Stirliug 
Kange,  F.  Mueller. 

Sect.  2.  Xerostole. — Leaves  flat,  ternatoly  divided  or  rarely  entire. 
Cones  axillary,  ovoid.  Perianth-tube  slender,  usuallv  falling-  otf  entire 
or  shortly  s])litting-  into  four  at  the  base.  Style  thickencd  and  usually 
truncate  at  the  end  uncler  the  narrow  nearly  glabrous  brush. 

The  inflorescence  and  pfrianth  are  nearly  those  of  the  section  Serrurioides,  but  the 
stj^le  is  that  of  Arthrostigma,  except  tliat  the  brush  is  only  very  niinutely  j>a[>illose- 
pubesctnt  or  quite  glabrous,  although  it  appears  to  coUect  the  poUen  as  in  other 
Bections. 

6.  P.  heterophylla,  Lindl.  Swan  Biv.  App.  35.  A  rig-id  shrub, 
glabrous  except  the  cones.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  more  or 
less  flattened,  entire  and  acute  or  dilated  towards  the  end  and  then  often 
truncate  or  notched  with  a  sniall  point  in  the  notch,  or  deeply  divided 
into  2  or  3  lobes,  the  whole  leaf  2  to  4  in.  long',  rig-id  and  veined,  much 
narrowed  to  the  base.  Cones  all  axilkiry,  sessile,  ovoid-oblong-,  :|  to  ^ 
in.  long-  without  the  perianths,  the  ohl  ones  often  |  in.  long".  Uuter 
bracts  numerous  and  imbricate,  the  outermost  small,  the  inner  ones 
passing"  into  the  cone-scales  of  which  the  outer  ones  are  broadly  ovate 
and  ciliate  only,  the  iuner  ones  smaller  and  more  villous.  Perianth 
slender,  9  to  10  lines  long-,  hairy,  the  tube  falling"  off"  entire.  Ovary 
g-labrous  except  the  hairs  at  the  base.  Style-end  clavate  truncate  and 
4-angled  below  the  narrow  glabrous  brush.  Nut  flat,  dilated  into 
wing--like  margins,  often  notched  at  the  toji,  glabrous  except  a  coma  of 
short  hairs  at  the  base. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  501,  ii.  246,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  274. 

"W.  Australia.  Swan  river  to  King  George"s  Souud,  Druvimond,  Ist.  coll.  «.571, 
Zrd  coll.  n.  244  ;  Stirliug  Range,  F.  Mueller. 

7.  P.  biloba,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  7.  A  shrub,  with  the  branches  not 
very  stout,  the  young-  shoots  tomentose-pubescent  and  villous  with 
spreading-  hairs,  the  older  foliag-e  and  branches  g-labrous.  Leaves,  of 
the  flowering-  branches  at  least,  usually  small,  very  rigid  and  flat,  petio- 
late,  3-lobed  or  pinnately  4-lobed,  the  rhachis  terminating-  in  a  point  or 
small  lobe,  the  lower  lobes  sometimes  ag-ain  lobod  and  the  lobes  all  very 
obliquely  ovate  rhomboid  or  oblong-,  pung-ent  pointed,  under  ^  in.  long-, 
but  the  lowor  leaves  in  some  specimens  and  noarh'  all  in  others  crowded 
and  more  divided  into  very  narrow  linoar  lobes.  Cones  small,  ovoid, 
sessile  in  the  axils,  often  numerous  and  crowdcd  along-  the   branches, 


Pctruphilu.]  CIV.    PHOTEAOE^.  325 

scarcely  above  \  in.  lono-  when  in  fruit.  Outer  bracts  small  and  not 
numerous.  Cone-scales  silkv-villous,  with  small  g-labrous  tips.  Perianth 
very  villous  with  spreading-  liairs,  rather  slender,  8  to  10  lines  long-,  the 
tnbe  usually  falling-  otF  Avhole.  Style-end  behjw  tlie  brusli  long-  and 
narrow,  rather  clavate  than  turbinate,  the  brush  sliorter,  fiHform,  mi- 
nutely  papillose  or  g-hibrous.  Nut  ilat  with  wing--like  marg-ins,  obovate- 
orbicuhir,  g-hibrous  except  a  short  coma  at  the  base. — Meissn.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  500,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  2?3. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  566,  Preiss,  n.  656; 
Moimt  Toodvay,  Oldfield. 

8.  P.  propinqua,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  7.  A  shrub  of  3  or  -4  ft.,  gla- 
brous  except  the  cones,  or  the  young-  shoots  minutely  hoary,  the  branches 
rather  skMider.  Leaves  with  long-  petioles,  twice  trifid  or  pinnate  with 
the  lower  pinnee  ag-ain  divided,  the  seg-ments  fiat,  linear  or  linear- 
lanceohite,  mostly  pung-ent-pointed,  about  ^  in.  long-  or  rather  long-er 
when  narrow.  Cones  small,  ovoid  or  at  leng-th  g-lobular,  sessile  in  the 
axils,  uot  J  in.  long-  without  the  perianths.  Outer  bracts  nearly  glabrous, 
small,  acute,  rigid.  Cone-scales  villous  or  with  very  small  g-hibrous 
tips.  Perianth  4  to  5  lines  long-,  very  villous  w4th  spreading-  hairs,  the 
tube  falling-  off  entire.  Style-end  broadly  turbinate  4-ang-led  andtrun- 
cate  under  the  narrow  terete  ahiiost  giabrous  brush.  Nut  flat  with 
broad  wing--Hke  margins,  broadly  obovate,  2  Hnes  long-,  giabrous  except 
a  few  hairs  forming-  a  short  coma  at  the  base. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i. 
501,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  2?3. 

Vl^.  Australia.     Svvan  river,  Fraser,  Drummnnd,  \st  coll  n.  567. 

Var.  sericiflora.  A  stouter  shrub.  Leaves  more  divided,  rigid,  pinigint-pointed,  the 
segments  4  to  1  in.  long.  Perianth  rather  smaller  and  more  siiky-villous. — East  Shoal 
Cape  and  Cape  Arid,  JlaxweU. 

9.  P.  squamata,  i?.  Br.  i?i  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  70,  Prod.  365.  A 
shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  giabrous  except  the  cones,  or  the  young*  branches 
sHgiitly  tomentose.  Leaves  on  rather  long-  petioles,  once  or  twice  ter- 
nately  divided,  with  flat  Hnear  rigid  pung-ent-pointed  segments,  some- 
times  very  short  and  rather  broad,  sometimes  very  narrow  and  \  to  ^ 
in.  long-.  Cones  small,  ovoid,  sessile  in  the  axils,  almost  giobular  when 
in  fruit,  not  above  |-  in.  long-.  Outer  bracts  small.  Cone-scales  acute, 
rigid  but  smooth  and  sometimes  ahiiost  scarious,  giabrous  or  sHg-htly 
ciHate,  pubescent  at  the  base  only.  Perianth  slender,  silky-viUous  with 
short  hairs,  under  h  in.  long-,  the  tube  fuHing-  oti'  eutire.  Style-end 
somewhat  thickened  and  giabrous  under  the  rather  long*  fiHform  nearly 
giabrous  brush.  Kut  flat,  broad,  with  wing--Hke  margins,  sHg-htly 
pubescent,  with  a  very  short  coma  at  the  base. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  272  ;  P.  Ciinninqha>nii,  'Meitmn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  499,  ii.  245;  P. 
gracilis,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. 

y^.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  Menzies,  Fraser, 
Prci-iS,  n.  651,  652,  F.  Jlueller ;  Vasse  and  Gordou  rivers,  Oldfltld;  Clay  flats,  Willy- 
ungup,  Ma.ncell. 

Meissiier's  varieties  major  and  gracilis  appear  to  me  to  be  old  and  young  plants  or 
branches  of  tbe  eame  plant  rather  than  distinct  varieties. 


326  CIV.    PROTEACE.E.  [PetruphHu. 

10.  P.  colorata,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Fniss.  ii.  246,  und  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
273.  A  glabrous  shrub  with  the  habit  and  foliag-e  of  P.  sqnamata. 
Cones  also  as  in  that  species  ovoid  and  sessile  in  the  axils  ;  outer  bracts 
ovate-hinceolate,  acuminate,  pale-coloured,  nnich  smaller  than  the  scales; 
cone-scales  niuch  long-er  than  in  P.  sqiiamata,  coloured  and  g-hibrous  or 
ciliate  towards  the  base,  the  outer  ones  ovate,  the  inner  lanceolate,  the 
larg-er  ones  fully  3  Hnes  long-.  Perianth  slender,  silky-villous,  the  tube 
falling-  off  entire.  Style-end  rather  broadly  turbinate  angadar  and  trun- 
cate  under  the  filiform  brush  as  in  P.  projjinqna.  ISut  not  seen  ripe, 
when  Young-  it  appears  to  be  comose  on  the  margins  and  inner  face. 

V^.  Australia,   Lrummond,  2nd  cjU.  7i.  296. 

11.  P.  striata,  E.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  6.  A  rig-id  shrub  of  1  to  2  ft.,  the 
young-  shouts  pubescent  and  sprinkled  with  long-  fine  hairs,  otherwise 
gdabrous  except  the  cones.  Leaves  petiolate,  once  or  twice  pinnate, 
the  segments  Hnear  or  cuneate,  narrow  or  broad,  entire  or  lobed,  divari- 
cate  rigid  and  pung-ent-pointed,  the  whole  leaf  with  the  petiole  l^  to 
2^  in.  long-,  and  nearly  as  broad.  Cones  sessile  in  the  upper  axils,  ovoid 
and  undcr  ^  in.  long-  without  the  perianths,  more  g-lobukr  and  ^  in. 
diameter  wlien  in  fruit.  Outer  l)racts  numerous,  imbricate,  g-labrous, 
almost  membranous,  g-radually  enhirged,  the  inner  oues  3  or  4  Hnes  long* 
conceaHng-  the  scales.  Cone-scales  viHous,  the  outer  ones  shortly  ovate, 
the  inner  long-er  and  hmceolate,  Perianth  |  in.  long-,  silky-viHous,  the 
tube  long-  and  slender,  faUing-  off  entire,  the  lobes  tipped  with  horn-Hke 
g-labrous  appendag-es  nearly  1  Hne  long-.  Style-end  turbinate  chivate 
angled  and  truncate  under  the  slender  nearly  g-labrous  brush.  Nuts 
lanceolate,  tapering-  into  a  long-  beak,  comose  aU  over  near  the  base, 
often  4  or  5  Hnes  long-  inchiding- the  beak. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  602, 
ii.  246,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  275. 

W.  Australia.  Swau  liver,  Fraser,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  b&b,  Preiss,  a.  639, 
6-10,  Clurlce. 

Sect.  3.  Serrurioides. — Leaves  divided,  the  segments  terete  or 
flat.  Cones  axiUary,  ovoid.  Perianth-tube  slender,  usuaHy  faHing'  off 
entire.  Style-end  continuous,  fusiform,  usuaHy  sliortly  hirsute  at  the 
ang-les  with  reflexed  hairs. 

The  plants  of  tliis  section  show  tbe  nearest  approauh  to  Isopogon,  the  perianth  aud 
style  aro  nearly  the  same  as  in  some  species  of  that  genus,  but  the  cone-scales  and  nuts 
are  those  oi'  PLtrophita. 

12.  P.  divaricata,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  7.  A  slirub  attaining-  3  to  6 
ft.,  the  branches  and  young-  leaves  often  bearing-  long-  iine  spreading" 
hairs,  otherwise  g-labrous  except  the  cones.  Leaves  twice  pinnate,  the 
pinnte  and  seg-ments  very  divaricate,  terete,  pung-ent-pointed,  rigid,  but 
not  thick.  Cones  sessile  in  the  upper  axils  or  within  the  hist  leaves, 
ovoid  or  oblong-,  usuaU}'  about  f  in.  long-and  -|-  in.  diameter  without  the 
perianths.  Outer  bracts  deciduous,  ratlier  broad,  acutely  acuminate, 
g-labrous  outside,  silky  inside,  the  young-  slioots  often  protruding-  from 
within  thcin  whilst  the  conc  is  stiH  in  flowcr.   Cone-scales  broad,  viHous 


Petrophila.]  CIV.    proteace^.  '6'27 

witli  ratlier  loiig-  acute  silky-hairy  points.  Perianth  rather  slender,  ^ 
to  I  in.  long-,  conspicuously  silky-villous  with  short  yellow  hairs,  the 
tube  usually  falling-  otf'  entire.  Style-end  continuous,  fusifbrm  with  re- 
Hexed  hairs  on  eij;-lit  pronainent  longitudinal  lines.  Fruiting-  cones  with 
the  scales  closely  imbricate,  becoming-  more  giabrous,  bur  retaining-  short 
points.  TSuts  with  wing--like  margins,  truncate  on  the  top,  ciliate  with 
short  hairs  especially  at  tlie  base,  otherwise  g-labrous. — Meissn.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  498,  and  in  DC.  Prod,  xiv.  272 ;  P.  intricata,  Lindl.  Swan. 
Rir.  App.  35. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  568  ;  King  George'8  Sound 
and  adjoiaing  districts,  Baxter,  Preiss,  n.  646,  Oldfield,  Maxwell,  F.  Mueller. 

13.  P.  Serrurise,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  6.  An  erect  shrub  of  3  or  4 
ft.,  not  much  branched,  the  young*  branches  and  leaves  silky-pubescent 
or  sprinkled  with  long-  fine  spreading"  hairs,  the  older  foliage  more  g'la- 
brous.  Leaves  small,  crowded,  twice  or  tlirice  pinnate  with  the  lower 
seg-ments  close  to  the  base,  tlie  segments  numerous,  slender,  terete, 
gTooved  above,  erect  or  divaricate,  softly  acute  or  pung-ent-pointed,  the 
whole  leaf  rarely  above  1  in.  long-  and  broad.  Cones  ovoid  or  at  leng-th 
g"IobuIar,  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate  in  the  upper  axils,  often  crowded 
in  terminal  clusters,  scarcely  above  \  in.  diameter  when  in  fruit.  Outer 
bracts  few  and  small,  g-Iabrous  outside.  Cone-scales  villous  at  tlie  base, 
with  g-Iabrous  deciduous  tips.  Perianth  slender,  silky  or  ferrug-inous- 
villous,  about  5  or  G  lines  long-,  the  tube  usually  falling-  olf  entire,  the 
lamince  short,  tipped  with  small  g-Iabrous  points  or  stipitate  g-Iands 
sometimes  ver}'-  prominent,  sometimes  concealed  witliin  the  hairs. 
Style-end  continuous,  fusiform,  more  or  less  hirsute  with  reflexed  hairs 
in  long-itudinal  lines.  Nut  rather  narrow,  tapering-  into  the  style,  gia- 
brous  on  tlie  back,  the  inner  face  and  sides  comose  with  long-  hairs 
chietiy  from  the  base. — Meissn.  in  PI.  Preiss.  i.  497  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  271 ;  P.  glaiiduUijera,  Lindl.  Swan.  Riv.  App.  35  ;  Meissn.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  498,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  271 ;  P.  axillaris,  Meissn.  in  Hook. 
Kew  Journ.  vii.  QQ,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  275. 

V7.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  Baxter,  Fraser, 
F.  MuelliT,  Oldjield,  Maxwell;  and  thence  to  Vasse  and  Swan  rivers,  Oldfield,  Drum- 
mond,  ixt  coll.  n.  569,  Preiss,  n.  641  ;  between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drum- 
mond,  6th  coJl.  n.  166. 

Sorue  of  the  northern  specimens  (P.  glanduligera)  have  the  leaves  more  silky  hairy 
and  less  pungent,  but  otheis  are  quite  lilie  the  soutliern  ones. 

14.  P.  inconspicua,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  68,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  272.  A  shrub  with  the  aspect  almost  of  an  Adenanthos  or  of 
Isopofjon  adenanthoides,  the  young-  shoots  tomentose-pubescent  and 
sprinkled  with  long-  fine  spreading-  hairs.  Leaves  short,  crowded,  pin- 
nate  with  compact  narrow  terete  seg-ments,  g-rooved  on  the  upper  side, 
minutely  pointed  but  not  pung-ent,  the  wliole  leaf  about  \  in.  long'. 
Cones  in  our  specimens  crowded  in  leafv  tufts  at  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
but  all  in  an  advanced  state,  the  outer  bracts  apparently  fallen  off.  Cone- 
scales  linear  or  lanceolate,  thiu  and  flat,  villous  outside.     Perianth  very 


328  civ.    PROTEACE^.  [Petrophila. 

slender,  hirsute,  nearly  1  in.  long-,  tlie  tube  falling-  ofFentire  exceptthe 
lower  g-hibrous  portion  which  is  more  persistent  as  in  Isopogon.  Style- 
end  continuous,  fusiform,  slig-htly  thickcned  at  the  base,  and  hir- 
sute  with  a  few  refiexed  hairs  disappearing-  after  the  tiowering-  is 
over.  Nut,  according-  to  Meissner,  nearly  Hat,  oval,  with  a  short  ob- 
tuse  terminal  wing-,  g'labrous  with  ciliolate  margins.  I  have  only  found 
young-  fruits  which  a])peared  to  me  to  be  comose  all  over,  as  in  Isopogon. 

MV.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Miirchison  rivers,  Drumniond,  &th  coll.  n. 
172.  This  species  has  so  mnch  of  the  character  of  Isopogon,  that  1  should  at  once 
have  transfeired  it  to  that  genus  were  it  not  tor  the  uncei  tainty  which  prevails  abimt 
the  shape  and  indumentnm  of  tlie  nut,  besides  Ihat  the  style  is  niuch  more  that  of  the 
section  Serrurio  des  of  Petrophila  than  of  Isopogon  adenantlioides,  which  is  the  nearest 
to  the  preseiit  specics  in  I.sojjcgon. 

15.  P.  trifida,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  70,  Prod.  365.  A  rio-id 
shrub,  the  young-  shoots  bearing-  a  few  fine  spreading-  hairs,  otherwise 

fhibrous  except  the  cones.  Leaves  on  long-  flattened  petioles,  cuneately 
-fid  or  deeply  pinnatifid;  with  few  usually  broad  rig-id  pung-ent-pointed 
seg'ments,  the  lower  ones  sometimes  1  in.  long'  when  narrow,  the  whole 
leaf  with  the  petiole  2  to  4  in.  long\  Cones  small,  ovoid  or  nearly 
globular,  sessile  in  the  axils  or  terminating"  very  short  axiHary  branches, 
not  h  in.  long"  without  the  perianths,  or,  when  in  fruit,  |  to  f  in.  long-. 
Outer  bracts  glabrous  small  and  narrow.  Cone-scales  broad,  g-labrous 
in  the  lower  part,  densely  villous  round  the  obtuse  end.  Perianth  silky- 
villous,  about  h  in.  long-,  the  tube  slender,  usually  falling"  off  entire. 
Style-end  continuous,  fusiform,  hirsute  with  a  few  reflexed  hairs  in 
longitudinal  rows.  TSut  flat,  ovate,  2  to  3  lines  long-,  with  broadwing-- 
like  marg-ins,  giabrous  except  a  short  coma  at  the  base. — Meissn.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  501,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  273,  but  not  the  plate  quoted  of 
Lodd.  Bot.  Cab. 

^V.  Australia.  Lucky  'Qa.y,  R.  Broivn ;  towards  Cape  Eiche?  Driimmond,  \st 
coll.  n.  57 G. 

Sect.  4.  Symphyolepis,  Endl. — Leaves  flat,  lobed  or  divided,  the 
seg-ments  broad  or  also  narrow.  Cones  axillary  or  rarely  also  terminal. 
Periantli-seg-ments  usually  falling-  ofl' separately.  Style-end  continuous, 
fusiform. 

This  section  lias  Ihe  es«ential  characters  of  Pctrophile.  diifering  gonornlly  but  not 
absohitely  in  foiiage  and  intiorescence  and  in  the  axis  of  the  cones  anJ  the  base  of  tiie 
cone-scales  usually  more  hardened  -when  in  fruit. 

16.  P.  carduacea,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  274.  Ashrub  with  tlie 
young-  branclios  tomentose-pubescent  or  villous  with  spreading-  hairs, 
the  ailult  foliag-e  giabrous.  Leaves  sessile,  oblong--lanccolate,  pinna- 
tifid  or  deejdy  toothed  and  undulate,  the  lobes  or  teeth  broadly  trian- 
g-ular,  pung-ent-pointed,  the  lowest  pair  of  lobes  rather  smaller,  more 
deeply  separated  and  occasionally  toothed,  having-  the  appearance  of 
stipules.  Cones  axillary,  peduneulate,  at  flrst  small  andgiobular,  ovoid 
or  o\N3id-obloiig-  whon  in  fruit,  above  1  in.  long-  and  |  in.  diameter. 
Bracts  small  along-  the  peduncles  and  a  few  close  under  the  coue,  all  as 


Pftrophila.]  civ.    proteack.t;.  •^^9 

well  as  the  cone-scales  ylabrous.  Periantli  scarcely  above  4  lines  long-, 
the  tube  silky-villous  and  readily  separating-  into  seg-ments,  the  limb 
broader  and  glabrous.  Ovary  hairy.  Style-end  continuous,  fusiform, 
with  a  few  retlexed  hairs.  JScales  of  the  fruiting- cone  very  broad,  Nut 
very  tiat,  with  wing--like  margins,  3  lines  long-  and  broad,  pubescent 
with  short  hairs,  with  a  short  coma  at  the  base. 

W.  Australia.     Bnuninond,  Atli  coll.  n.  262  ;  Stirling  Range,  F.  Mueller. 

17.  P.  Shuttleworthiana,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  ii.  246,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  275.  A  rigid  shrub,  g-labrous  except  the  cones.  Leaves  ou 
long-  petioles,  flattened  upwards,  cuneate  and  deeply  3-fid,  the  seg-ments 
broad  or  narrow,  often  above  1  in.  long",  entire  or  2-3-fld,  the  lobes  uU 
very  rigid  and  pung^ent-pointed.  Cones  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate, 
terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  oblong-  or  cylindrical,  |  to  1  in.  long-,  \ 
in.  diameter  without  tlie  perianths,  or  when  in  fruit  and  perfect  twice 
as  long-  and  thick,  but  often  partially  abortive  and  remaining-  short. 
Outer  bracts  very  deciduous.  Cone-scales  at  lirst  small,  densely  viDous 
outside,  g-labrous  inside  with  small  lanceolate  g-labrous  deciduous  tips, 
very  broad  and  g-labrous  in  the  okl  cones.  Perianth  ghibrous,  4  or  5 
lines  long-,  the  seg-ments  falling'  otf  separately.  Style-end  continuous, 
fusiform,  shortly  and  sparingly  hirsute.  Nut  broad,  not  winged  but 
the  marg-ins  acute,  the  marg-ins  and  outer  face  comose,  the  inner  g-labrous. 

\^r.  Australia.     Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  298;  Murcliison  river,  Oldficld. 

18.  P.  macrostachya,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  7.  A  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft., 
the  young-  branches  tomentose  or  villous,  the  adult  foliag-e  g-hibrous. 
Leaves  on  rather  long-  petioles,  once  twice  or  three  times  deeply  trifid, 
the  lobes  or  seg"ments  broad  or  narrow,  veined,  rig-id,  pung-ent-pointed, 
the  whole  leaf  1|  to  3  in.  long-.  Cones  sessile  in  the  axils  and  some- 
times  also  terminal,  cylindrical,  about  1  in.  long-  when  in  tiower,  1|  to 
2  in.  long',  and  nearly  |  in.  diameter  when  in  fruit.  Outer  bracts  not 
numerous,  glabrous,  shorter  than  the  scales.  Cone-scales  villous  at  the 
base,  with  g-labrous  acuminate  deciduous  ends.  Perianth  g-labrous, 
about  I  in.  long-,  the  segments  falling-  olf  separately,  each  tipped  witli 
a  small  point.  Style-end  continuous,  fusiform,  shortly  and  s])aring-ly 
hirsute.  Nut  broad  or  narrow,  not  wing'ed,  acuminate,  hairy  all  over 
but  the  marg-inal  coma  long'er  than  the  hairs  of  the  faces. — Meissn.  in 
Pl.  Preiss.  i.  502,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  2?5. 

V^.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drunimond,  Ist  coll.  n.  575;  Preiss,  n.  638; 
W.  coast,  £audin's  E.ipedition. 

19.  P.  diversifolia,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  70,  Prod.  365.  A 
shrub  attaining-  6  or  8  ft.,  the  young-  branches  often  pubescent  or  vil- 
lous,  the  adult  foliag"e  g-labrous  and  sometimes  shining-  and  veined  like 
the  fronds  of  some  ferns.  Leaves  petiolate,  pinnate,  the  pinnie  some- 
times  few  brondly  cuneate  toothed  or  pinnatifid,  g^iving-  the  whole  leaf  a 
broadlv  triangular  form  of  1  to  2  in.,  sometimes  numerous  and  lanceo- 
late,  the  lower  ones  pinnatifid  the  upper  ones  g-radually  smaller  and 
more  entire,  the  whole  leaf  ovate-lanceolate  in  form  and  2  or  3  in.  long', 


380  CIV.    IMIOTKACE.E.  [Petrophila. 

the  seg-ments  and  teeth  mucronate-acute  and  sometimes  pung-ent- 
pointed,  but  loss  so  than  in  P.  xtriata  and  P.  mucrustachya.  Cones 
axillary,  pednncvdate,  ovoid,  J  in.  long-  when  in  tlower,  1  in.  when  in 
fruit.  "  Outer  bracts  g-labrous.  Cone-scales  villous,  with  small  g-hibrous 
often  deciduous  tips,  and  the  whole  scale  becoming-  nearly  g-hibrous 
wlien  in  fruit.  Perianth  densely  villous,  about  h  in.  long-,  the  seg-ments 
falHng-  oti"  se])arately,  ti])ped  witli  prominent  slender  g-labrous  points. 
Style-end  continudus,  fusiform,  nearly  g^abrous.  J\ut  llat,  broader 
than  long-,  expanded  at  the  top  into  3  wing--like  lobes,  the  lateral  ones 
diverg-ing-,  the  central  one  bearing-  the  style,  giabrous  except  a  short 
coma  at  the  base. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  499,  ii.  246,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  274. 

W.  Australia.  Kiiig  George'8  Sound  and  adjoiuing  distiicts,  R.  Brown,  A.  Cun- 
niiigham,  Preiss,  n.  637,  F.  Mueller,  and  others;  Vasse  river,  Oldjield;  Darling Range, 
Drumniond,  2nd  coll.  n.  297,  {Zrd  coll.  ?)  n.  267. 

Sect.  5,  Petrophile,  Endl. — Leaves  divided  or  rarely  simple,  the 
seg-ments  terete  or,  in  P.  biternata  and  P.  plumosa,  Hat  but  narrow. 
Cones  terminal,  or  in  P.  pedurmduta  and  P.  pulchella,  also  axillary. 
Perianth-seg-ments  fidling-  off  separately.  Style-end  continuous,  fiisi- 
form. 

20.  P.  biternata,  3feissn.  in  Hooh.  Kcw  Journ.  vii.  69,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  275.  A  stout  rigid  shrub,  giabrous  except  the  cones  or  the 
branches  minutely  hoary-tomentose.  Leaves  pinnate  witli  3  or  6  seg*- 
ments  or  the  lower  ones  ag-ain  2-  or  3-lobed,  all  llat  but  narrow,  thick 
and  rigid,  ])ung'ent-pointed,  |  to  1|  in.  long-.  Cones  ovoid-giobular, 
above  1  in.  diameter,  terminal  and  almost  sessile  above  the  last  leaves. 
Outer  bracts  broad,  short,  hard,  giabrous  and  shining'.  Cone-scales 
broad,  the  outer  ones  3  or  4  lines  long-,  acuminate,  rigid,  woolly  at  the 
base  only,  the  inucr  ones  smaller,  very  woolly,  with  small  giabrous  tips. 
Perianth  scarcely  above  |'  in.  long',  slender,  giabrous  or  sligiitly  viscid. 
Style-end  continuous,  fusiform,  shortly  papillose-hirsute.  Nut  broadly 
obovate,  the  margins  comose,  both  faces  giabrous. 

^V.  Australia.     Between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivors,   Drunimond,  Qth  coll.  n. 

1G8. 

21.  P.  plumosa,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  69,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  273.  An  eroct  shrub  of  1  or  2  ft.,  the  branches  virgate,  hoary- 
tomentose  and  hirsute  as  well  as  the  leaves  with  long-  iine  spreading 
hairs,  tlie  oldor  foliage  becoming-  nearly  giabrous.  Leaves  linear- 
spatludate,  ddated  at  the  end  and  ontire  or  shortly  divided  inlo  2  or  3 
rigid  pung-ent-i)ointed  Hat  lobes,  the  whole  leaf  |  to  l^  in.  long.  Cones 
terminai,  sessile,  depressed-giobular,  |  in.  diameter  without  the 
perianths.  Outer  cone-scales  ovate-oblong",  villous  at  the  base,  the  de- 
ciduous  u])per  portion  giabrous  with  ciliate  margins,  the  inner  ones 
narrow  and  villous.  Perianth  aj^parently  nearly  1  in.  long*  but  not 
seen  very  perfect,  very  villous  witli  long-  fulvous  hairs,  the  seg'ments 
talling-  otf  scparately.     Style  end  continuous,  narrow  fusiform,  nearly 


Petrophila.^  Civ.    PROTEACE.E.  •Wl 

g"labrous.     Nuts  llat,  with  broad  wing'-like  margins,  obovate,  truncate, 
3  lines  long,  minutely  pubescent  and  very  shortly  comose  at  the  base. 
VT.  Australia.     Moore  river,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  164. 

2'2.  P.  ericifolia,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov,  5.  An  erect  shrub  of  2  or  3 
ft.,  with  virgate  branches  more  or  less  tomentose  or  woolly,  but  usually 
almost  concealed  under  the  foliage  which  is  usually  glandular  or 
scabrous-pubescent,  with  a  few  longer  giandular  hairs,  or  sometimes 
almost  or  quite  giabrous  and  smooth.  Leaves  terete,  not  thick,  \  to 
^  in.  long,  erect  and  crowded  along  the  branches,  mostly  terminated  by 
a  small  point  or  oblique  giand  or  quite  obtuse.  Cones  terminal,  sessile, 
at  first  broadly  ovoid,  at  length  giobular,  i  to  |  in.  diameter.  Outer 
bracts  ovate-lanceolate,  giutinous,  imbricate  and  persistent.  Cone-scales 
with  the  upper  portion  lanceolate  acute  very  giutinous  and  imbricate  on 
the  young  cones,  but  deciduous,  leaving  the  enlarged  base  broadly 
ovate  tomentose  and  villous  in  the  fruiting  cone.  Perianth  slender,  7 
or  8  lines  long,  giutinous  and  hirsute  watli  spreading  hairs,  the  segments 
often  separating  but  not  so  readily  as  in  some  species.  Style-end 
continuous,  narrow-fusiform,  almost  glabrous.  Nut  rather  broad,  the 
margins  comose,  both  faces  giabrous. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  494,  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  '2Q7 . 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sounrl  anJ  adjoining  districts,  R.  Broion,  Baxter, 
Druiiimond,  Prtiss,  n.  650,  and  nuiny  otliers. 

Var.  scabriuscula.  Leaves  rather  louger  and  more  scabrous,  cones  larger ;  flowers 
more  viilous. — P.  scabriuscula,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  495,  and  in  DO.  Prod.  xiv. 
268. — Swan  river?  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  bbl. 

Var.  glahriflora.     Perianth  glabrous. — Stirliug  Range,  F.  Mueller. 

P. 2ihylicoides,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  6;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  268,  described  from 
some  specimens  of  Baxter's  from  Lucky  Bay,  without  perianths,  appears  to  me  to  be 
the  same  as  the  more  glabrous  forms  ofP.  ericifolia,  a  species  which  as  a  whole  is  very 
distinct  from  any  other.  The  small  crowded  leaves  give  it  some  outward  resemblance 
to  P.  incoufipicua  or  to  P.  chrysantha,  but  these  leaves  are  all  siniple,  never  divided  as 
in  the  latter  two. 

23.  P.  chrysantha,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Joum.  vii.  Q^,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  '271.  A  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  with  erect  branches,  the  young- 
shoots  tomentose-pubescent  and  sprinkled  with  long  fine  hairs,  be- 
coming  at  length  nearly  giabrous.  Leaves  short  and  crowded  along 
the  branches,  simply  piuuate,  with  terete  pungent-pointed  segments 
grooved  above,  the  lowest  pair  proceeding  from  near  the  base  of  the 
petiole,  the  whole  leaf  not  exceeding  |  in.  Cones  terminal,  sessile, 
ovoid,  3  to  4  lines  diameter  wuthout  the  perianths.  Outer  bracts  broad, 
obtuse  or  with  miuute  points,  imbricate,  giabrous  except  the  ciliate 
margins ;  outer  cone-scales  similar,  the  inner  ones  gradually  narrower, 
more  concave,  hirsute  outside  with  long  hairs,  giabrous  inside.  Perianths 
about  5  lines  iong,  very  densely  hirsute  with  yellow  or  fulvous  hairs, 
the  segments  falling  otf  separately.  Style-end  continuous,  fusiform,  at 
first  bearing  a  few  rellexed  hairs,  but  at  length  nearly  giabrous.  Nuts 
expanded  in  the  upper  part  into  2  flat  truncate  wings,  2  lines  long  and 


332  nv.   proteace.t:.  [Petrophiht. 

\h  lines  broad,  densely  comose  at  the  base,  the  remainder  hirsute  with 
sliorter  hairs. 

yjV.  Australia.  Between  Mooic  and  Murcliison  rivcrs,  Drummond,  Gth  coll.  n. 
16.'j;  iicar  Dandaroga,  OhlfiM. 

24.  P.  pedunculata,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  ?0,  Prod.  364.  A 
tall  ghibrous  shrub.  Leaves  pinnate  with  much  divided  2-  3-chotomous 
pinna?,  the  ultimate  seg-ments  numerous,  rather  fine,  rigid  but  not 
pung-ent,  terete  and  g-rooved  above.  Cones  axillary,  ovoid  or  oblong', 
I  to  1  in.  long-,  on  peduncles  of  ^  to  |  in.  with  small  empty  bracts  at 
the  base  of  the  peduncle.  Cone-scales  g-hibrous,  broad,  hard,  with  a 
short  persistent  erect  point.  Perianth  g-hibrous,  about  5  lines  long, 
the  seg-ments  falling-  off  separately.  Style-end  continuous,  fusiform, 
ang-ular,  minutely  pubescent  or  g-labrous.  Nut  broad,  the  margins 
comose,  both  faces  glabrous. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  269  ;  Guiliem. 
Ic.  Pl.  Austral.  t.  18. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Bliie  ]\Iountains,  B.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  20,  A.  and  E.  Cunningham 
and  others. 

25.  P.  pulchella,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Suc.  x.  69,  Prod.  364.  A 
ehrub  of  6  to  8  ft.,  glabrous  as  well  as  tlie  foliag-e  or  minutely  pubescent 
when  3'oung".  Leaves  twice  or  thrice  pinnate,  the  segments  numerous, 
not  spreading-,  terete,  grooved  above,  rather  slender  and  not  pungent, 
the  whole  leaf  li  to  2|  in.  long",  the  petiole  as  long-  as  the  divided  part. 
Cones  terminal,  sessile,  solitary  or  with  one  or  two  axilhiry  ones  close 
below  it,  oblong-  or  cylindrical,  1  to  li  in.  long',  and  h  to  |  in.  diameter 
without  the  perianths.  Outer  bracts  few  and  small.  Cone-scales 
broad,  the  outer  ones  very  shortly  acuminate  and  pubescent,  the  inner 
niore  silky  at  tlie  base  with  hinceohite  deciduous  points,  all  at  length 
broad  hard  and  g-hibrous.  Perianth  silky-pubescent,  6  to  7  lines  long-, 
the  seg-ments  talHng-  off  separately.  Style-end  continuous,  narrow-fusi- 
form,  sparingly  and  shortly  hirsute.  ISut  broad,  copiously  comose  on  the 
marg-ins,  more  sparingly  hirsute  on  the  inner  face,  glabrous  on  the 
back. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Jr*rod.  xiv.  270 ;  Prutea  pulchella,  Schrad.  Sert. 
Hannov.  15,  t.  7 ;  Cav.  Ic.  t.  550;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  796;  Protca  Jncifolia, 
Salisb.  Prod.  48  ;  Pctrophilafucifulia,  Knig-ht.  Prot.  92  ;  Protea  dichutoma. 
Cav.  Ic.  vi.  34,  t.  551. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jaci?son  to  tlie  Blue  Monntains,  E.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  19,  Fl. 
IJijt.  n.  479,  and  niany  otliers. 

2(S.  P.  sessilis,  Sieh.  in  Poem.  and  Schult.  S>/st.  Vcf/.  iii.  Mant.  262.  A 
slirub  attaining  8  to  12  ft,  closely  allied  to  P.pnlcheUa,  and  as  sug-gested 
by  R.  lirown,  perhaps  a  variety  with  a  more  rigid  foliag'e,  the  seg-ments 
divaricate  and  the  young-  shoots  hoary-tomentose  or  ahnost  silkv. 
Cones  rather  broader  and  shorter.  Perianths  and  stvle  and  nuts  the 
same. — R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  6;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  270;  P. 
eanescens,  A.  Cunn.  in  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  6  ;  Meissn.  l.c.  270. 

Queensland.     Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Biiie  Monntains,  Calei/,  Sieher,  n.  "21  ;  New  England,  C.  Stuart, 
C.  Moure;  Sydney  woods,  Baris  Exliibitiun,  18;'j5,  Macartliiir,  n.  214. 


Prtrophila.]  CIV.    PROTEACEjE.  333 

27.  P.  fastigiata,  li.  Br.  in  Truns.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  70,  Prod.  364.  A 
shrub  of  iibout  3  ft.,  <4-l:ibrous  except  the  cones  or  tlie  branches  sli^htly 
tomentose.  Leaves  twice  or  thrice  ternately  divided,  the  petiole  as 
long-  as  the  divided  portion,  the  sej^-ments  terete,  slender  but  obtuse  or 
nearly  so,  all  erect  and  attaining-  about  the  same  heig-ht.  Cones  ter- 
minal,  ovoid,  sessile,  |  to  1  in.  long*  wlien  in  fruit.  Outer  bracts 
numerous,  imbricate,  silky  inside,  broadly  triang'uhir  and  acute,  at 
leng-th  deciduous.  Cone-scales  woolly  at  the  base,  broad,  with  small 
deciduous  gialtrous  tips.  Perianth  g-labrous,  about  5  Hnes  long-,  the 
seg'ments  falHng-  otf  separately.  Style-end  continuous,  fusiform,very 
siiortly  hirsute.  Nuts  narrow,  acute,  coniose  on  the  margins  and  more 
sparing-ly  so  on  the  back,  g-hibrous  on  the  front  or  inuer  face. — Meissu. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  270  ;  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  vi.  245. 

W.  Australia.     Lucky  Bay,  B.  Brown,  Baxter;  near  Eyre's  Range,  3Iaxwell. 

28.  P.  seminuda,  Lmdl.  Srvan  Riv.  App.  34.  A  bushy  shrub  of  2 
or  3  ft.,  cpiite  g4abrous  except  the  cones.  Leaves  once  or  twice  3-fid, 
with  terete  segmeuts  of  |  to  1  in.,  not  very  thick  but  rigid  and  pung-ent- 
pointed.  Cones  terminal,  sessile,  ovoid,  attaining-  ^  in.  diameter! 
Outer  bracts  numerous,  ovate-banceolate  or  lanceolate,  acute,  at  length 
deciduous.  Cone-scales  with  a  broad  woolly-tomentose  base,  and  small 
deciduous  hinceohite  g'labrous  tips.  Perianth  g-labrous,  about  ^  in. 
long-,  not  very  slender,  the  seg-ments  falling-  off  separately.  Style-end 
continuous,  fusiform,  very  shortly  and  sparing-ly  hirsute.  Nut  ovate, 
with  comose  margius,  the  back  hairy,  the  inner  face  glabrous.  — Meissn. 
in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  495  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  209. 

V^.  Australia.  Swaii  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  561,  562,  572,  Preiss,  n.  634, 
635  ;  Stirling  Range,  F.  3Iueller ;  Cape  Le  (irand,  JJaxiocll. 

Var  indivisa.  Leaves  1  to  2  in.  long,  niostly  undivided  orhere  and  there  a  few  bifid 
or  tritid  at  the  end. —  \V.  Australia,  Drummond. 

29.  P.  circinata,  Kipp.  ;  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  07,  and 
in  BC.  Prod.  xiv.  272.  A  stout  bushy  slirub,  g-labrous  except  the  cones 
or  the  branches  slig-htly  pubescent.  Leaves  crowded,  twice  pinnate, 
with  numerous  divaricate  intricate  terete  and  pungent-pointed  segments, 
the  whole  leaf  3  to  5  in.  long".  Cones  terminal,  larg'e,  depressed- 
g-lobular.  Outer  bracts  numerous,  broad,  shortly  acuminate,  coriaceous, 
g'labrous  or  minutely  hoary  outside,  silky-villous  inside,  mostly  above 
\  in.  long',  imbricate,  forming-  an  involucre  of  1  to  1|^  in.  diameter,  con- 
cealing'  the  scales.  Cone-scales  lanceolate  or  linear,  apparently  de- 
ciduous.  Perianths  exceeding-ly  numerous,  villous  with  minute  g-la- 
brous  tips,  projecting-  about  \  in.  beyond  the  outer  bracts,  forming-  an 
almost  llat  top  of  \\  in.  diameter,  the  segiuents  readily  separating*. 
Style-end  continuous,  narrow-fusiform,  very  sparingly  hirsute  or  nearly 
glabrous.  Nut  ovate,  acute,  shortly  comose  on  the  back  as  well  as 
the  margins. 

S.  Australia?  N.  of  Adelaide,  Whittaher  {Herh.  Hook.),  but  possilly  some 
ini^take. 

W.  Australia,   Drum,mond,  bth  coll.  Suppl.  n.  3. 


334  civ.   protf.ace.t:.  [Pctrophila. 

The  cone-scales  appear  to  be  dccidnnus  and  the  invohicre  large  and  persistent  as  in 
Isoj}ogo7i  latifolhis,  and  others  of  the  section  Hiipmntlms  of  that  genus  ;  the  periantb, 
st}le  and  nut  (tlie  latter  not  seen  perfect)  are  rather  those  of  Petrophila. 

30.  P.  Drummondii,  J/^?.s-.s-«.  in  Pl.  Prei^s.  i.  49(^),  fi/id  i/i  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  270.  An  erect  sliriib,  o'l;ibn)us  except  tbe  cones  or  tbe  upper 
brancbes  and  leaves  softly  pubescont.  Leaves  twice  or  thrice  ternutely 
divided,  or  pinnate  witb  tbe  lower  pinniie  twice  or  tbrice  divided,  tbe 
seg'monts  terete  and  punoent-pointed,  ^  to  |  in.  long-.  Cones  terminal, 
sessile,  ovoid  or  nearly  fziobular,  |  to  1  in.  diameter.  Outer  bracts 
ratber  numerous,  ovate-binceolate,  giutinous  but  otberwise  giabrous. 
Cone-scales  witb  a  broad  woolly-villous  base  and  ovate-lanceobite  or 
lanceobite  deciduous  ends,  the  outer  scales  in  tbe  old  cones  becoming- 
giabrous.  Periantb  (about  |  in.  long-  ?)  hirsute  witb  spreaiHng-  viscid 
hairs,  tbe  seg"ments  falling-  otf  separately.  St^ie-end  continuous,  ratber 
long-,  fusiform,  hirsute.  Nut  broad,  not  acuminate  and  at  leng-tb 
notched  at  tbe  end,  comose  on  tbe  margin  and  outer  face,  tbe  inner 
face  giabrous. 

V^.  Australia,  Drummovd,  Ist  coll.  n.  570. 

P.  tritenutta,  Ki}ip. ;  Meissn.  in  Ilook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  67,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  siv. 
270,  froni  Drummond's  2nd  coll.  n.  2,  appears  to  me  to  be  the  same  plant  with  conis  in 
a  more  advanced  state,  with  the  leaves  of  young  shoots  growing  out  from  within  the 
outer  bracts.     In  ncither  arc  the  perianths  in  a  very  good  state. 

31.  P.  crispata,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  0.  A  rigid  sbrub,  very  closely 
alHed  to  P.  Drninmondii  and  to  P.  rif/ido,,  and  perbaps  a  variety  of  the 
latter.  Leaves  twice  or  tbrice  divided,  witb  terete  pung-ent-pointed 
segments,  sborter  and  more  rigid  than  in  P.  Drummondii,  long-er  than 
in  P.  rif/ida.  Cones  terminal,  sessile,  ovoid  or  at  leng-tb  oblong-  and 
sometimes  above  1  in.  long-  wben  in  fruit,  and  not  much  above  1  in. 
diameter.  Outer  bracts  giutinous  and  deciduous,  Cone-scales  Avitb  a 
broad  tomentose-viHous  base  and  sbort  giabrous  persistent  or  deciduous 
ends.  Periantb  not  seen  very  perfect,  tbe  segiuents  falHng'  off"  sepa- 
rately,  densely  villous  outside  with  short  liairs,  not  viscid  or  at  least 
not  so  much  so  as  in  P.  Drmnmondii.  Nut  broad,  truncate,  tbe  margins 
comose,  botb  faces  giabrous  or  sHgiitly  pubescent. — Meissn.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  490,  ii.  245  and  in  DC,  Prod.  xiv.  271. 

"W.  Australia.  King  Gcorge's  Sound,  Baxter,  Preiss,  n.  647,  Drummond,  3rd 
coll.  n.  248. 

32.  P.  rigida,  R.  Br.  in  Trfins.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  69,  Prod.  364.  A  rigid 
divaricate  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  quite  giabrous  except  the  cones.  Leaves 
very  rigid,  tricbotomously  bipinnate,  tbe  ultimate  seg-ments  in  the 
typical  form  very  sbort  but  in  otber  specimens  h  to  1  in.  long',  all 
terete  divaricate  and  pung-ent-pointed.  Cones  terminal  or  in  tbe  forks 
of  the  brancbes,  sessib^  nearly  giobular,  about  |  in.  diameter  without 
tbe  iiowers,  or  ratlier  larg'er  when  in  fruit.  Outer  bracts  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  giabrous  outside,  silky  inside,  deculnous.  Cone-scales 
broad,  scarcely  acuminate,  silky-villous  outside  at  tbe  base,  otberwise 
glabrous,     Periantb  nearly  |  in.  b)ng:,  very  villous  almost  plumose,  the 


Pctrophila.]  civ.   proteace^.  335 

seg-ments  folling-  off  separately.  Style-end  continuous,  fusiform,  with 
few  sliort  bairs,  glabrous  ancl  4-angled  at  the  hase.  Nut  not  seen  ripe, 
the  young-  ones  densely  comose. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  497,  and  in 
DC.'Prod.  xiv.  271. 

IV.  Australia.  King  George^s  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  B.  Brown,  A.  Cun- 
ningham,  Druiumond,  Ist  coll.,  Preiss,  n.  645,  648,  649,  and  others. 

33.  P.  multisecta,  F.  Jli/cII.  Frafjm.  vi.  242.  A  denselj  branched 
bushy  shrub,  glabrous  except  the  cones  and  somewhat  glaucous,  closely 
allied  to  and  perhaps  a  yariety  of  P.  rigida.  Leaves  trichotomously 
divided  or  pinnate  with  dichotomous  pinnte,  the  segments  terete,  rio-idj 
pungent-pointed,  not  so  short  as  in  some  varieties  of  P.  rtflida,  but  quite 
like  those  of  other  forms  of  that  species.  Cones  ovoid  or  oblong,  |  to 
1  in.  long"  and  about  |  in.  diameter  without  the  perianths,  sessile  in  the 
forks  of  the  branches.  Outer  bracts  not  numerous,  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate,  g-labrous.  Cone-scales  broad,  silky-tomentose  outside,  with  pro- 
minent  persistent  acuminate  and  glabroixs  ends.  Periauth  silky-yillous, 
about  i  in.  long,  the  segments  falHng-  off  separately.  Stvle-end  con- 
tinuous,  fiisiform,  shortly  pubescent.  Nut  broad,  densely  comose  on 
the  margins,  more  sparingly  hirsute  on  both  faces. 

S.  Australia.     Kanijaroo  Island,   Waterhou.se. 

34.  P.  conifera,  Mci.%m.  i»  Ilooh.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  Q7 ,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  271.  A  much-branched  bushy  shrub  of  1  to  3  or  4  fl:.  the  young-er 
branclies  tomentose-pubescent,  ahnost  woolly,  the  older  ones  and  foHao-e 
g'hibrous.  Leaves  trifid  or  the  middle  segmcnt  again  divided,  the  seo*- 
ments  divaricate,  terete,  rigid,  pung-ent-pointed,  i  to  |  in.  long-.  Cones 
mostly  in  the  forks  of  the  branches,  sessile,  oblong-cyhndrical,  attainino* 
about  1  in.  in  leng-th  and  4  to  6  lines  diameter  without  the  perianths, 
Outer  bracts  very  deciduous.  Cone-scales  softly  tomentose,  at  first 
acuminate,  but  the  points  deciduous  and  in  the  old  cones  the  scales  verv 
broad,  about  3  lines  diameter,  hard,  tomentose,  few  for  the  leng-th  of 
the  cone  although  closely  imbricate.  Perianth  hirsute,  6  to  7  Hnes 
long,  the  segments  falHng-  oft'  separately.  Style-end  continuous,  narrow- 
fusiform,  hirsute  with  few  short  hairs.  JVut  ovate,  ahnost  acuminate 
comose  all  over,  but  more  densely  so  on  the  margins  and  back  than  on 
the  inner  face. 

TV.  Australia.  Murchison  river,  Oldfield,  Drummond,  &th  coll.  n.  167.  The 
species  is  very  nearly  allied  to  P.  riyida,  but  with  tomentose  branches  and  longer 
cones. 

Sect.  6.  Hebegyne. — Habit  and  characters  of  Petrophile  except 
that  the  style  has  not  a  distinct  fusiform  end. 

35.  P.  semifurcata,  F.  Mmll.  Herh.  A  bushy  shrub  with  the  habit 
and  tomentose  branches  of  P.  conifera.  Leaves  glabrous,  rigid,  terete, 
3  to  5  in.  long,  entire  or  divided  at  the  end  into  2  or  3  short  see'ments, 
obtuse  or  shortly  pointed  but  not  pungent.  Cones  terminal  or  in 
the  forks  of  the  branches,  shortly  pedunculate,  oblong--cyHndrical,  |  to 


336  civ.  PROTEACEJE.  [Petrophilu. 

l^  in.  long-,  and  about  h  in.  diameter.  Outer  bracts  very  deciduous. 
Cone-scales  broad,  riyid,  tonientose,  rounded  or  obtuse  witli  very  small 
points,  not  numerous  but  closely  imbricate  as  in  P.  (•oiufera.  Perianth 
silky-viHous,  nearly  |  in.  lonji,  the  se<z-ments  falling-  off  separately,  not 
seen  however  veryperfect.  Style  pubescent  from  the  base,  tomentose- 
villous  and  sUg-htly  tliickened  upwards  but  not  distinctly  fusiform  at 
the  end. 
^V.  Australia.     Murcbison  river,  Oldfield. 

2.  ISOPOGON,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  reg-uhtr,  the  tube  slender,  the 
upper  portion  falling-  otf  entire  with  the  4  linear  or  oblon^  seg-ments  of 
the  Hmb,  leaving-  a  persistent  base  which  finally  splits  or  is  cast  off  as 
the  frnit  ripens,  Anthers  all  perfect  and  fi-ee,  sessile  within  the  seg- 
ments  of  the  limb,  the  connective  tipped  with  a  small  appendag'e.  No 
hypog-ynous  scales.  Ovary  sessile,  with  a  single  orthotropous  or  slightly 
amphitropous  ovule,  ])endulous  from  near  the  a])ex  of  the  cavity.  Style 
filiform,  usually  more  or  less  dihited  or  chivate  towards  the  end,  and 
separated  froni  the  narrow  often  bulbous-based  brush  by  a  short  neck 
or  constriction,  the  chivate  ])ortion  usually  papillose-pubescent,  rarely 
the  style-end  continuous  and  slender,  tlie  stig-ma  terminah  Fruit  a 
small  dry  and  indehiscent  nut,  usually  ovoid-conical,  scarcely  com- 
i^ressed  and  not  wing-ed,  hirsute  all  over,  the  lower  hairs  or  nearly  all 
forming-  a  long-  coma. — Shrubs  with  the  habit  of  Petrophila.  Leaves 
rig-id,  entire  or  divided,  terete  or  iiat  and  sometimes  broad.  Flowers 
vellow,  pink  or  lihic,  in  dense  spikes  or  coms,  each  tiower  sessile  w^ithin 
*a  bract  or  scale,  the  cones  hemispherical  g-lobular  or  ovoid,  terminal  or 
rarely  axiUary,  the  receptacle  or  rhachis  woolly,  flat  convex  conical  or 
cylindrical,  the  scales  tomentose  or  villous  outside,  g-labrous  inside,  im- 
bricate,  deciduous  after  flowering-  or  if  long-  iDersistent  and  retaining  the 
seed,  readily  detached  and  always  falling-  oft  with  the  seed,  or  in  a  few 
species  leaving*  a  very  short  persistent  base.  At  the  base  of  the  cone 
are  also,  as  in  Petrophila,  severai  imbricate  empty  bracts,  forming  an 
invohicre,  larger  or  smaller  than  the  cone-scales  and  usually  more  per- 
sistent,  the  cones  are  also  almost  always  closely  surrounded  by  floral 
leaves.  Nuts  shorter  than  the  cone-scales,  aud  very  Httle  varied  in  the 
whole  g'enus. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  extratropical  Australia,  and  is  chiefly  Western.  Althoush 
the  niajnrity  of  the  species  ditier  tVom  PelropMla  in  the  mode  of  breakiiig  up  the 
perianth,  in  tlie  form  ot  the  style-end,  anil  in  the  shape  and  indumentum  of  the  nut,  all 
thcse  chaiacters  have  exceiitions,  and  perhaps  the  most  constaiit  one  is  that  of  the 
cone-scales,  -which  in  Petrophila  remain  finnly  attached  to  the  receptacle,  opening 
spontaneously  or  by  force  for  the  emission  of  the  nuts,  whilst  in  Isopogon  they  separate 
irom  the  receptacle  either  with  the  nuts  or  previously. 

Rect.  1.  Hypsanthus. —  Conescales  acuminate,  not  rery  closely  imbricate,  the  inner 
onr  8  narrow.  Eectptacle  fiat,  convex  or  rarely  oblony.  Leaves  fiat,  exccpt  in 
I.  adenanthoidcs. 


IsopOffOn.]  CIV.    PROTEACE^.  337 

Leaves  flal,  all  quite  cntire. 

Leaves  mostly  2  to  6  iii.  long.     Cones  J  to  IJ  in.  diametor. 
Periautli  glabrous  or  witli  tufts  of  hairs  only  at  tlie  ends  of 
the  s-egments. 
Concs   large,  solitary,  with   numei'ous  outcr  bracts.     Pe- 
rianth  1  in.  h)iig  or  more. 
Involucre  li  in.  iliameter,  excceding  the    cone-scales. 

Perianth  14  in.  hmg _ 1.  I.latifoUus. 

Involncre  1  in.  diameter,  not  exceeding  the  cone-scales. 

Perianlh  1  in.  iong 2.  /.  ciineatus. 

Cones  uiider   1  in.  diameter,  often  clustered.     Perianth 
about  4  in.  long.     Leaves  iiarrow. 

Outer  bracts  longer  than  the  cone-scales 3.  /.  Unearis. 

Oiiter  bracts  shorter  than  the  coiie-Rcales 4.  I.  jJolycephalus. 

Periantli-segments  hirsute  frora  the  niiddle.     Cones  under 
1  in.  diameter,  often  clustered.     Involucral  bracts  lauceo- 

late,  acuminate _ 5.  /.  attenuatus. 

Perianth  segments  densely  plumose-villons. 

Stems  erect,  leafy,  villous.    Terminal  coues  large,  solitary 

or  chistered 6.  /.  sphcerocephalus. 

Stems  dwarf  or  scarcely  any.     Cones   clustered  at  the 

base  of  the  elongated  petioles 7.  I  uncinatus. 

Leaves  mostlyunder  1  iu.  long  or  the  lower  ones  2  in.     Cones 
small,  ovoid      Perianth  segments  phimose. 

Cones  clustered  at  the  ends  of  the  branches 8.  /.  huxifoUus. 

Cones  axillary  along  the  hranches 9.  /  axillaris. 

Leaves  cuneate,  niostly  3-toothed 10.  /.  tridens. 

Leaves  undulate,  broadly  cuneate  and  dentate  or  broadly  twice 

or  thrice  3-lobed 11.  L  Baxteri. 

Leaves  linear  or  linear-cuneate,  once  or  twice  ternately  divided    12.  /  roseus. 
Leaves  slender,  terete,  trifid,  crowded,  under  1  in.  long     .     .     .  13.  /.  adenanthoides . 
(See  also  Petrophila  circinata,  which  lias  the  cones  nearly  of 
Hypsanthus  with  the  flowers  of  Fetroplnla,  and  P.  incon- 
spicua,  which  muchresembles  /.  adenanthoides.) 

Sect.  2.  Eustrobilus. —  Gone-scales  aU  ^oithhroad  dilated  or  truncate  ends,  closehj 
imbricate  after  flowering.     Receptacle  convex,  conical,  or  cyUndrical. 

Perianth  silky  pubescent  or  villous.     Leaves  flat. 

Leaves   cimeate   or    spathulate,   mostly    3-toothed  or   shortly 

3-iobed  •     .     .  _ ".   14.  /.  trilohus. 

Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  mostly  divided  into  3  seg- 

ments  of  A  to  1  in _ 15.  /  tripartitus. 

Leaves  h'near  or  oblanceolate,  4  to  8  in.  long,  entire  or  with  1 

_  or  2  long  linear  lobes    ._ 16.  I.  longifoUus. 

Perianth  silky-pubescent  or  villous.     Leaves  terete. 

Outer  bracts  few  besides  the  floral  leaves,  tomentose.     Cone- 
scales  plumose-viilous. 
Leaves  ail  undivided.     Cones  large,  terminal,  depressed- 

globular._  _ 17.  /.  Drummondii. 

Leaves  imdivided  or  2-  or  3  lobed.     Cones  terminal,  ovoid- 

globular 18.  /.  heterophyUus. 

(See  also  29,  /.  scahriusculus.) 
Leave  2-  3-chotomous,  very  long.     Stems  dwarf  or  scarcely 

any.  Cones  large,  ovoid-oblong,  sossile  amongst  the  leaves  19.  I.  viUosus. 
Outer  bracts  imbncate,  broad,  glabrous. 

Leaves  rigid,  entire,  or  once,  twice,  or  thrice  divided.    Cones 

mostly  nodding.     Western  species  .  _ 20.  I.  teretifoUus. 

Leaves   slender,    twice   or   thrice   divided.      Cones   erect. 

Eastern  species 21.  I.  anethifoUus. 

VOL.  V.  z 


338  CIV.    PROTEACEiE.  [Isopogotl. 

Periantli  trlabrous  or  with  a  tiift  of  hairs  at  the  end  of  the  seg- 
menls.     Li-^ivis    much    (lividcd   or  rnrely   rniire,   flat   and 
veined,  or  if  uearly  leret?  g  ooved  or  cliaiinelied  a'ove. 
Easlern  species.     Lcaves  ninch  dividcd,   witli  tlat  puiigent- 

pointed  segments.     Flowcrs  yellow. 
Outer  bracts  shnrter  than  the  cone-scales.  .  ,     . 

Petioles  2  to  3  in.  long.     Perianth  about  4  lines     .     .     .22.  I.  petioloris. 

Peiiolcs  1  to  14  in.  long.     Perianth  5  or  6  lines     .     .     .  23.  /.  ammonijolus. 
Outer  bracts  nunicrous,  longer  than  the  conc-sc;des.     Leaf- 

sec-nients    very    nunierous,     divaricate,    and     pungcnt- 

pointed '24.  /■  ceratophyllus. 

Western  species.     Leaf  segments  or  leaves  nnrrow  and  con- 

cave  or  nearly  tercte  but  groovcd.     Llowers  red  or  lihic 

(colour  unknowii  in  /  srabrusciilns). 
Leaves  ciowdcd,  short,  witli  narrow-lincar  segmcnts.    Cones 

small.  <ifien  crowded  at  the  cnds  of  the  braneb.es     .     .     .  2b.   1.  asper. 
Leaves  mostlv  once  or  twice  dividcd  into  linear-cuneate  _        _      _ 

segments.  "Cones  terminal,  ratlier  iarge 2Q.  I.  crithmifohus. 

Lea\-cs  much  divided,  with  short  nearly  terete  pungcnt- 

p(-inted  sei;mcnts.     C(mes  terniiiial 27.  I.formosus. 

Leavcs  once  or  twice  divided,  with  slcnder  nenrly  terete 

segments.     Concs  tcrminal.     I'eri:inili  I  in.  long  ._    .     .  28.  I.  diverrje.ns. 
Leaves  tercte  or  liiiear  and  thick,  2  to  4  in.  long,  cntiie  or 

3  lobed.     Cones  terminal,  small 29.  /.  scabrivsculm. 

I.  pedunculatiis,  R.  Br.Pmt.  Nov.  7,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod_.  xiv.  277,  was  foundcd 
cn  two  specimcns  of  Fraser"s  froni  Swan  river,  with  the  cones  in  too  iinperiect  a  .state 
to  estB.blisli  their  generic  aftinitv  with  certainty.  If  the  plant  is  a  true  Isoprgon,  it  is 
most  pnibabiy  a  variety  of /.  c?ii-er$f(3;(S,  but  the  cone  not  beiiig  so  closely  surrounded 
by  floral  ]ea\es  as  in  most  species  oi  Isopogon,  it  is  more  probably  a  Feiniphila,  and  in 
tbat  case  referable  to  P.  seniinuda. 

Sect.  1.  Hypsanthus,  Endl. — Cone-scales  acuminate,  not  very 
closely  imbricate,  tlie  inner  ones  narrow,  often  plumose-villous  and 
very  deciduous.  Receptacle  tiat  convex  or  rarely  oblong-.  Leaves 
flat,  often  entire,  sometimes  broad,  divided  into  feAv  flat  seg-ments  in  a 
few  species,  with  terete  seg"ments  in  /.  adcnanthoidcs. 

The  two  divisions  proposed  by  Brown  and  estabjislied  as  sectinns  by  Endlicher,  ap- 
pear  to  nie  mnch  mnre  detinite  thaii  the  three  founded  cliielly  un  the  fuliage  by  Aleissner. 

1.  I.  latifolius,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  8.  A  tall  stout  species  attaining- 
10  ft.,  and  from  a  distance  asstiming-  the  aspect  of  a  hhododendron  (F. 
Mveller),  the  branches  pubescent  towards  the  end,  the  foliag-e  glabrous. 
Leaves  obovate  to  elliptical-oblong-,  obtuse  with  a  small  callous  point, 
entire,  narrowed  into  a  very  short  petiole  or  nearly  sessile,  3  to  4  in. 
long-,  obscurely  veined.  Cones  large,  terminal,  depressed-globular. 
Outer  bracts  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  the  inner  ones  |  in.  long,  nu- 
merous  and  imbricate  in  several  rows  in  an  invohicre  of  1-J-  in.  diameter 
concealing  the  scoL  s,  which  are  woolly  outside,  ghibrous  inside,  the  outer 
ones  ]anceolitte,  the  innerlinear.  Peri;iiitli-tube  tiliform,  glabrous,  1|-  in. 
long-;  kiniina^linear,about  \  in.long',ti])pedwitha  small  tuft  of  silkyhairs. 
Ovary  crowned  by  a  tuft  of  short  hairs.  Style-end  oblong--clavate 
pubesC(  nt  and  suddenly  contracted  under  the  fusiform  brush,  wIul-Ii 
Ijears  refli^xed  hairs  in  8  long-itudinal  rows.  Receptticle  conical  or 
almost  cylindrical,  nearly  1  in.long  after  the  fall  of  the  fruit. — Meissn. 


Isopogon.]  civ.  proteacej^.  339 

in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.   282,  as  to   Brown's  tvpical   plant  onlvj  /.  protea, 
Meissn.  l.c.  283 ;  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  28?. 

Vi^.  Australia.  Kiug  Georgc^'s  Ronnd  or  tlie  immedi.ate  neighbom"linod,  Baxter, 
Driin/moiid,  Dt/i  coU.  n.  898 ;  Suminit  of  iMongynip,  Stirling  Kange,  F'.  Mueller. 
Baxter  a]ipear.s  to  liave  gat'iered  only  a  single  speciinen  in  IViiit,  pr<-served  in  Brown^s 
supplcniental  lierbariuni,  wiiich  was  probably  not  siiown  to  Meissner  when  he  went 
through  the  Proteacere  of  Brown's  own  collecting. 

2.  I.  cuneatus,  i?.  JBr.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  73,  Prod.  366.  A  stout 
slirub,  attaining-  7  or  8  ft.  but  flowering'  sometimes  when  quite  low, 
g-labrous  except  the  cones,  or  the  young-  shoots  silky-villous.  Leaves 
from  obovate-oblong"  to  lanceolate  or  oblanceohite,  obtuse  with  a  small 
callous  point,  contracted  into  a  short  broad  petiole  or  almost  sessile  and 
often  dilated  and  half  stem-chisping-  at  the  base,  rather  thick,  obscurely 
veined,  3  to  4  in.  long',  and  varying"  in  breadth  in  the  same  specimen 
from  J  to  1\  in.  Cones  terminal,  depressed-globular,  1  to  l^  in.  dia- 
meter  without  the  perianths.  Outer  brncts  broad,  g-labrous  or  nearly  so, 
obtuse,  shorter  than  the  scales.  Cone-scales  numerous,  the  outer 
ones  ovate,  the  inner  ones  lanceolate  or  linear,  all  very  villous  outside. 
Perianth  pale  purple,  about  1  in.  long-,  g-labrous  or  with  small  tufts  at  the 
tips  of  the  laminte.  Style-end  chxvate  and  g-labrous  except  the  obtuse 
villous  extremity  below  the  narrow  reflexed-hairy  brush.  Receptacle 
hemispherical  or  shortly  and  obtusely  conical. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  283 ;  I.  Londoni,  Baxt.  in  R.  Br.^^Prot.  Nov.  8 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3421 ; 
Meissn.  l.c. ;  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  vi.  238  ;  /.  latifolius  var.  Preissii  and  var. 
lanceolatus,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  508,  and  'in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  282,  283. 

TV.  Australia.  King  George's  Sonnd  and  adjoining  districts,  Menzies,  Baxter, 
Drumnwnd,  bth  coU.  n.  397,  Preiss,  n.  664,  and  many  otliers. 

The  pubescence  of  the  young  shoots  is  very  variable,  and  neither  that  nor  the  breadth 
of  the  leaves  afford  characters  lor  separating  distinct  varieties. 

3.  I.  linearis,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Jonrn.  vii.  69,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  282.  An  erect  shrub  of  1  to  2  ft.,  the  branches  and  3'oimg-  leaves 
softly  pubescent,  the  okler  foliag'e  glabrous.  Leaves  Hnear,  with  a 
callous  point,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  mostly  1|  to  2i  in.  long", 
thick^with  more  or  less  distinct  nerve-like  margins  and  a  very  few  oblique 
veins.  Cones  nearly  g-lobular,  f  to  1  in.  diameter,  terminal  and  sohtary  or 
in  a  cluster  of  2  or  3.  Outer  bracts  not  numerous  but  rather  hirge  and 
imbricate,  ovate-lanceolate,  silk3'-pubescent  or  at  length  nearly  g-labrous, 
the  inner  ones  h  in.  long-.  Cone-scales  shorter,  the  outer  ones  broad 
the  inner  ones  narrow-lanceolate,  all  very  woolly-villous  outside. 
Perianth  quite  glabrous,  rather  above  |  in.  long-.  Style-end  slightly 
clavate  and  minutely  pubesceut,  separated  by  a  narrower  neck  from  the 
pubescent  bulbous  base  of  the  otherwise  glabrous  narrow  brush.  Re- 
ceptacle  ovoid-conical. — F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  236. 

"WT.  Australia.  Gardiner's  Eange  north  of  Dundiragan,  towards  Moore  river, 
Drummond,  6th  coU.  n   169. 

4.  I.  polycephalus,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  ?3,  Prod.  366. 
An  erect  or  sprcading  shrub  of  1  to  3  ft.,  the  young'  ^hoots  tomentose 
or  villous  the  adult  foliage  giabrous.  Leaves  linear-oblong-  or  oblauceo- 

z2 


340  civ.   PROTEACE^.  [isopogon. 

late,  obtuse  with  a  small  callous  point,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole, 
2  to  near  4  in.  long-,  oi-  in  some  sj^ecimens  nearly  twice  as  lonp-,  thick 
and  veinless  or  obscurejy  veined.  Cones  sessile  and  usually  clustered 
2  or  3  tog-ether  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  about  ^-  in.  diameter  or  the 
terminal  one  larg-er.  Outer  bracts  few  tind  tomentose.  Cone-scales 
denselv  viDous  outside,  a  few  of  the  outer  ones  broad,  all  the  others 
lanceolate  or  linear  and  mostly  terminating"  in  subuhite  densely  plumose 
points.  Perianth  nearly  |  in.  long-,  quite  glabrons.  Style  slightly 
thickened  and  shortly  liairy  towards  the  end,  or  quite  g-hibrous,  without 
any  constriction  or  distinct  brush. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  281 ;  F. 
Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  236. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sounci,  B.  Brown,  Baxter ;  Stiiling  Range,  F. 
Mueller ;  Gales  Biook  and  E.  Slioal  Cape,  Maxwell. 

5.  I.  attenuatus,  li.  Br.  in  Trms.  Linn.  Soe.  x.  73,  Prod.  306.  A 
shrul)  of  2  ov  3  ft.,  glabrous  except  the  cones,  or  the  voung-  shoots 
slightly  pubescent.  Leaves  oblong--sj)athuhite  to  almost  linear,  with  a 
small  straight  or  hooked  point,  much  narrowed  into  tlie  petiole,  mostly 
4  to  6  in.  long,  thick  and  almost  veinless.  Cones  terminal  or  in  the 
upper  axils,  sessile,  depressed-globular,  f  to  1  in.  diameter  without  the 
perianths.  Outer  bracts  not  numerous,  hinceolate,  rigid,  as  long*  as  or 
longer  than  the  scales,  the  outer  ones  passing-  into  small  floral  leaves. 
Cone-scales  hmceohite  or  the  inner  ones  linear,  the  outer  ones  villous 
at  the  base  and  ciliate  on  the  margins,  the  inner  more  villous  all  over 
the  back.  Perianth  "  pale  yellow  "  not  ^  in.  long',  the  lamiuee  villous 
outside,  the  tube  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  Style  slightly  thickened  to- 
wards  the  end  as  in  /.  poli/ccjjhalns,  without  any  distinct  constriction  or 
brush.— Bot.  Mag-.  t.  4372 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  281  ;  F.  Muell. 
Frag-m.  vi.  237. 

"W.  Australia.  King  George'8  Sound  and  adjoining  districls,  B.  Brown,  Baxter, 
Brummond,  'Ind  cuU.  n.  294,  Preiss,  n.  GG3,  and  others. 

Var.  latehracteata.  Outer  bracts  brdaJly  lanceolate  and  tliinner  tLau  iu  tlie  typical 
form. — Swan  river,  i^raser;  Gordon  river,  Oldfteld. 

6.  I.  sphaerocephalus,  Lindl.  Sn-an  liiv.  App.  34.  An  erect  shrub 
of  several  ft.,  the  branches  and  younger  leaves  pubescent  and  clothed 
or  sprinkh'd  with  long"  spreading-  hairs.  Leaves  linear  or  ahnost  lanceo- 
late,  obtuse  with  a  sliort  callous  point,  sliglitly  contracted  towards  the 
base  but  sessile,  2  to  4  in.  long",  the  marg-ins  often  recurved  and  the 
midrib  prominent  underneath.  Cones  sohtary  and  terminal  or  2  or  3 
crowded  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  globuhar,  i  to  |  in.  diameter  with- 
out  the  perianth.  Outer  empty  bracts  not  numerous,  imbricate,  lanceo- 
late,  villous,  not  exceeding-  the  scales.  Outer  cone-scales  ovate,  inner 
ones  narrow,  all  villous  outside,  with  small  recurved  points.  Perianth 
above  |  in.  long,  the  tube  ghibrous,  the  laminae  densely  hirsute  with 
yellow  hairs.  !Style-end  turbinate,  densely  pubescent  andseparated  by 
a  short  constriction  from  the  somewhat  bulbous  base  of  the  linear  almost 
glabrous  brush.  Receptacle  ovoid-oblong-. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i. 
-508,.  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  281;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4332. 


IsopoffOn.]  CIV.    PnOTEACE^E.  34-1 

"^V.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  559,  Preiss,  n.  688;  Swan 
and  Vasse  rivers,  Oldjiehl. 

7.  I.  uncinatus,  7?,  B>\  Prot.  Nov.  8.  Stems  ven-  sliort  or  scarcely 
any,  bearinL;'  a  clustor  of  2  to  4  sessile  cones  in  a  tuft  of  long-  leaves, 
tlius  assuming"  tlie  aspect  of  Cono.yjcrmi/m  pctiolare.  Leaves  linear  or 
lanceolate,  terminating-  in  a  liooked  eallous  point,  involute  when  young-, 
contracted  into  a  long'  petiole,  the  long'er  ones  attaining-  8  to  V2  in.,  the 
broader  ones  mueh  shorter,  linely  liairy  wlien  young",  at  length  g-labrous. 
Outer  bracts  few,  nearly  g'Uibrous.  Cone-scales  villous,  hmceolate,  the 
outer  ones  rather  broad,  the  inner  very  narrow.  Perianth  about  |  in. 
long-,  the  himina?  and  upper  part  of  the  tube  densely  hirsute  with  yel- 
lowish  hairs,  the  lower  portion  alone  gdabrous.  Style  narrow-fusiform 
towards  the  end  and  slightly  pubescent  in  the  lower  portion  of  the 
thickened  part,  but  not  divided  bv  any  distinct  constriction. — Meissn.  in 
Pl.  Preiss.  i.  509,  ii.  247,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  281. 

TV.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  neighbouring  districts,  Baxter,  Drum- 
mond,  ord  coU.  n.  243,  Preiss,  n.  758. 

8.  I.  buxifolius,  B.  Br.  i/i  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  74,  Prod.  367.  A 
bushy  and  leafy  shrub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  the  branches  and  young-  shoots 
pubescent,  the  adult  foliag-e  g'hibrous,  Leaves  very  variable,  usually 
small  and  crowded,  rarely  1  in.  long-,  llat  or  concave.  Cones  sessile  and 
solitary  or  clustered  at  the  ends  of  the  branches  in  a  tuft  of  Horal  leaves, 
ovoid,  4  or  5  lines  long-  without  the  perianths.  Outer  bracts  few, 
lanceohite,  ciliate.  Outer  cone-scales  like  the  outer  bracts  but  villous 
also  on  the  baek,  inner  ones  linear.  Perianth  about  |  in.  long%  the  seg'- 
ments  separating-  far  below  the  lamina?,  leaving-  the  entire  tube  short, 
glabrous  except  terminal  tufts  of  hairs  which  sometimes  extend  half 
way  down  the  laminti?.  Style  slig'htly  thickened  into  a  narrow  fusiform 
brush  marked  with  long-itudinal  lines  of  reilexed  liairs,  but  without  any 
dilatation  or  constriction  below  the  brush. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
282;  /.  spathi/Iufiis,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  8;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  509, 
ii.  247,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  2S'2. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  E.  Broicn,  and 
manj  othei  s. 

The  forms  assumed  by  the  leaves  in  different  specinipns  are  so  different  that  the 
following  varieties  might  be  easily  taken  Ibr  distinct  species. 

a.  spathulalus.  Leaves  obnvate-spathulate,  conti-acted  into  a  distinct  petiole,  mostly 
about  4  in.  iong — Drummond,  Zrd  coll  n.  249. 

h.  ohovatus,  Br.  Leaves  obovate  or  oblong,  more  or  less  contracted  at  tlie  base  but 
not  petiolate,  ^  to  1  iu.  long. — Drummond,  bth  coll.  n.  396. 

e.  typicus.  Leaves  broadly  sessile,  ovate,  witb  short  recurved  points,  3  to  4  lines 
long. — Only  seen  iu  Herb.  E.  Brown. 

d  linearis,  Br.  Leaves  narrow  oblong  or  linear,  .«essile,  ^  tn  3  in.  long. — Bot.  IMag. 
t.  345u. —  .Appnrently  the  most  coninion  variety,  occurring  in  the  collections  of  Ba.rter, 
Drummond,  bth  coll.  n.  395,  Oldjield,  Jlaxwdl,  and  P.  Jlueller. 

9.  I.  axillaris,  E.  Br.  in  Tmns.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  74,  Prod.  367.  A  slirub 
with  erect  virg-ate  branches,  g'labrous  except  the  cones.  Leaves  linear 
or  oblanceolate,   obtuse  with  a  small  callous  point,  contracted  into  a 


342  civ.    PROTEACEJE.  [isapogon. 

short  petiole  or  the  smaller  ones  sessile,  the  lower  ones  often  3  or  4  in. 
long",  the  floral  ones  sometimes  all  under  1  in.,  all  thick  and  veinless. 
Cones  small,  ovoid,  ses&ile  and  axillary,  rarely  |  in.  hjng-  without  the 
perianths.  Outer  bracts  ovate,  obtuse,  glabrous  or  with  shovtly  ciliate 
margins,  concave  and  imbricate,  concealing-  the  scoles.  Cone-scales 
silky-villous  outside,  a  vory  few  of  the  outer  ones  nearly  ovate,  tlie  inner 
ones  linear.  Flowers  often  not  above  10  or  12  in  the  cone.  Perianth- 
tube  filiform,  g-labrous,  at  least  1  in.  long-,  lobes  narrow,  4  or  5  lines 
long",  plumose-villous  outside  above  the  middle.  Style-cnd  elong-ated 
clavate  pubescent,  separated  bv  a  constriction  fi-om  the  somewhat  bul- 
bous  pubescent  base  of  the  brush,  which  is  otherwise  only  minutely 
pubescent  along*  the  ans-les. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  510,  and  in  DC. 
JProd.  xiv.  282 ;  Guillem.  Ic.  Pl.  Austral.  t.  19 ;  Hook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  438. 

^V.  Australia.     King  Geoige's  Soimd  and  adjoining  district,  R.  Broicn,  Baxter, 
Drummond,  Preiss,  n.  653,  and  many  others  ;  \'asse  river,  Oldfidd. 

10.  I.  tridens,  F.  Mttell.  Fraf/m.  vi.  239.  A  shrub  with  the  habit 
and  nearly  the  foliage  of  the  shorter-lobed  forms  of  /.  trilohus,  but  a  very 
chtferent  cone.  Young-  shoots  slig-htly  pubescent,  adult  foliage  and 
branches  g-labrous.  Leaves  narrow-cuneate,  mostly  3-toothed,  con- 
tracted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole,  thick  and  obscurely  veined,  the  whole 
leaf  1|-  to  3  in.  long-.  Cones  terminal,  sessile,  depressed-g-lobular, 
about  I  in.  diameter  without  the  perianths.'  Outer  bracts  broad,  to- 
mentose  outside,  numerous  and  closely  imbricate,  forming-  an  involucre 
of  I  in.  diameter.  Cone-scales  acuminate,  the  outer  ones  ovate-lanceo- 
late,  the  inner  ones  narrow,  all  very  densely  villous  on  the  back  with 
long-  hairs,  fulvous  in  the  lower  concealed  portion,  white  on  the  exposed 
tips.  Perianths  not  seen.  Receptacle  convex.  Fruit  of  Isopogon. — 
7.  trilobus  var.  tridem,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  ?0  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  280. 

W.  Australia.  Sandy  plains  near  Diamond  Spring,  Moore  river,  Drummond, 
CtJi  coll.  n.  17U. 

11.  I.  Baxteri,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  9.  An  erect  shrub  of  several  ft., 
the  young-  shoots  sofrly  villous,  tlie  adult  foliag-e  glabrous.  Leaves 
from  broadly  cuneate  unduhite  and  toothed  only  at  the  end,  to  twice  or 
thrice  3-lobed,  the  lobes  or  teeth  all  broad  unduhite  and  pungent- 
pointed,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  2  in.  long-  and  often  as  broad  at  the  end  as 
long,  contracted  at  the  base  or  ahnost  petiolate.  Cones  depressed- 
g-lobuLnr,  terminal,  often  clustered  amongst  niimerous  floral  leaves,  the 
innermost  of  which  have  hard  cUkited  bases  and  small  himinoe,  passing 
into  the  few  outer  bracts.  Cone-scales  linear  or  hnear-hanceohite,  very 
yillous  with  long-  silvery  or  fulvous  hairs.  Perianth  pink,  very  vilhms,  f 
in.  long-.  Style  with  a  long-  chivate  pubescent  end,  under  a  short  almost 
e-labrous  brush.— Meissn.  in  Pl  Preiss.  ii.  24?,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
280 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3539 ;  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  240. 

W.  Australia.  King  George'8  Sound  and  neighbouring  districts,  Ba.rter,  Drum- 
mond,  Zrdcoll.  n.  245;  Stiiling  Kange,  F.  Mueller. 


Isopof/on.]  CIV.    PROTEACE^.  343 

12.  I.  roseus,  Lindl.  Bot.  Hefj.  1842,  Misc.  39.  A  bushy  shnib  of 
1  to  3  01"  4  ft.,  the  young"  shoots  tomentose-pubescent  or  sometimes 
densely  villuus,  the  adult  leaves  usiially  but  not  always  g-hibrous. 
Leaves  once  or  twice  ternately  divided  or  shortly  pinnate,  the  segments 
linear  or  cuneate,  entire  or  3-lobed,  ripid,  Hat,  concave  or  channelled, 
acute  but  scarcely  pung-ent,  the  Avhole  leaf  in  some  specimens  scarcely 
1  iu.,  in  others  2  to  3  in.  long-,  includlng'  the  petiole,  which  is  often  as 
long-  as  the  divided  part.  Cones  terminal,  g-lobuhir,  solitarv  and  f  to  1 
in.  diameter,  or  chistered  and  scarcely  above  h  in.  Outer  bracts 
numerous,  ovate-lanceohite,  acuminate,  imbricate,  tlie  inner  ones  almost 
concealing-  the  scales.  Outer  cone-scales  lanceolate,  the  inner  ones 
linear,  densely  woolly  outside  but  tapering-  into  long-  glabrous  or  slightly 
hairy  points.  Perianth  pink,  1  in.  long-,  glabrous,  tipped  with  small  tufts 
of  hairs.  Style-end  linear-clavate,  papillose-pubescent,  separated  by  a 
short  neck  from  the  slig-htly  bulbous  base  of  the  shovt  nearly  g-Iabrous 
brush.  Receptacle  couvex. — Meis  n.  in.  DC.  Prod.  xiv."^  2?9  ;  F. 
Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  240 ;  I.  scuher,  Meissn.  in  PI.  Preiss.  i.  506,  Bot. 
Mao-.  t.  403?,  not  of  Lindl. ;  Petrophila  duhia,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  7 ; 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  276. 

^V.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fmser,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  564,  Preiss,  n.  682, 
686  ;  DunJaiagan  and  Toodyay,  Oldptld. 

13.  I.  adenanthoides,  Meissn.  in  Hooli.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  69  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  278.  A  shrub  with  thc  aspect  of  an  Adenanthos  near 
A.  sericea  or  of  Petrophila  inconspicua,  the  branches  virgate,  hirsute  as 
well  as  the  foliage  with  long-  hne  spreading-  hairs.  Leaves  crowded, 
trifid,  linear-terete,  slender,  acutely  mucronate,  ^  to  |  in.  long-.  Cones 
terminal,  densely  surrounded  by  the  lloral  leaves,  depressed-giobular, 
4  to  5  lines  diameter  without  the  periauths.  Outer  bracts  ovate,  acute, 
softly  villous  outside,  passing-  iuto  the  cone-scales  of  which  the  inner 
ones  are  narrovv  fVom  slig-htly  spathulate  to  linear-acuminate.  Perianth 
glabrous,  about  1  in.  long-.  Style-end  Iong--cIavate,  densely  papillose- 
pubescent,  with  a  slight  constriction  under  the  pubescent  bulbous  base 
of  the  narrow  taperiniJ-  ahnost  giabrous  brush.  lieceptacle  couvex. — 
F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  241. 

W.  Australia.     Hills  west  of  .Monre  river,  Dnimmond,  GtJi  coll.  n.  171. 

Sect.  2.  EusTROBiLus. — Cone-scales  all  with  broad  dilatcd  or 
truncate  ends,  closely  imbricated  after  Howering"  in  an  areolated  giobular 
or  ovoid  mass,  often  long-  persistent,  but  breaking-  up  when  the  fruits 
fall.     Receptacle  convex  conical  or  cylindrical. 

14.  I.  trilobus,  H.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  72,  Prod.  366.  A 
rig-id  shrub  of  1  to  2  ft.,  the  branches  and  young-  shoots  hoary-tomen- 
tose,  the  adult  foliag-e  giabrous  or  giaucous.  Leaves  on  long  petioles, 
cuneate  and  broaJly  3-  or  5-toothecl  at  the  end,  or  more  or  less  deeply 
3-lol)ed  with  broad  and  short  lobes,  all  thick  and  obscurely  veined,  the 
whole  leaf  including  the  petiole  2  to  3  in.  long-.  Cones  terminal,  sessile, 
ovoid-giobular,  very  closely  imbricate  tomentose  and  f  to  1  in.  diameter 


344  CIV.    PROTEACE.E.  [isopOffOn. 

after  flowering-.  Outer  braets  not  numerous,  Lroad,  acute  or  acuminate, 
shorter  than  the  scales.  Cone-scales  acute  when  very  youug-,  after 
flowering-  broadly  cuneate,  truncate,  thick  and  liard,  3  lines  broad  at 
the  top,  convex  and  densely  woolly  outside.  Perianth  shortly  silky- 
pubescent,  about  4  lines  long-.  Style-end  continuous  and  slightly  fusi- 
form,  minutely  and  sparingiy  hairy  on  the  angies,  but  scarcely  forming- 
a  distinct  brush.  Receptacle  oblong-conical. — Meissn.  in  1)C.  Prod, 
xiv.  280 ;  I.  trilohus  var.  eloba,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  239 ;  Petrophila 
trijida,  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1883,  not  of  R.  Br. 
W.  Australia.     Lucky  Bay,  R.  Broion,  Baxter ;  Cape  Kichc,  Tbomas  Crook,  anJ 

E.  ilouiit  Darivn,  Maxicell. 

15.  I.  tripartitus,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  8.  A  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  gia- 
brous  except  the  cones,  closely  allied  to  I.  trilobiis  and  /.  lonr/ifolius, 
with  the  same  inflorescence,  cones  and  flowers,  and  intermediate  be- 
tween  the  two  in  foliage,  the  leaves  being-  nearly  all  deejily  3-h)bed, 
with  narrow  lobes  from  |  to  1  in.  long-. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  247, 
and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  280;  I.  trilobus  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  607; 

F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi.  239. 

TV.  Australia.  Kins:  George's  Sound,  Baxter,  Drummond,  Srd  coll.  n.  246 ;  nortli 
of  8tirling  ramge,  F.  Miieller. 

This  hipecies,  united  by  F.  Mueller  with  I.  trilohiis,  seems  to  pass  rather  more  gra- 
dually  into  /.  longlfolim,  and  the  three  might  weil  be  consiilered  as  varieties  ot'  one 
Bpecies,  ahhough  in  tlie  majoiity  of  specimeus  they  appear  very  distinct. 

16.  I.  longifolius,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  73,  Prod.  366.  A 
shrub  of  2  to  8  ft.,  giabrous  except  the  cones  or  the  young-  shoots  mi- 
nutely  hairy.  Leaves  long-,  hnear  or  obhmceolate,  obtuse  with  a  small 
callous  or  acute  poiut,  narrowed  into  a  long-  petiole,  thick,  longitudinally 
veined,  entire  or  deeply  2-  or  3-lobed,  mostly  4  to  6  in.  long-  and  some- 
times  twice  as  long-  inckiding-  the  petioles,  tlie  lower  ones  often  short. 
Cones  terminal,  sessile,  ovoid  or  at  leng-th  giobuhir,  f  to  1  in.  diameter 
after  flowering'.  Otiter  bracts  not  numerous,  acuminate,  shorter  than 
the  scales,  Cone-scales  when  very  young-  acuminate  wuth  narrow 
points,  but  after  flowering-  broad  and  truncate  with  short  points,  thick 
and  hard,  very  numerous  and  closely  imbricate,  deusely  tomeutose  on 
the  convex  back.  Perianth  yelloAv,  silky-villous,  about  0  lines  long*. 
Style-end  continuous  and  narrow-fusiform,  the  tliickeued  part  4-angied 
and  giabrous  at  the  base,  the  upper  portion  or  brush  miutitely  pubes- 
cent  in  longitudinal  lines  or  giabrous.  lieceptacle  oblong-,  ofteu  1  iu. 
long-, — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  507,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  281 ;  Bot. 
Re^.  t.  900 ;  F.  MuelL  Frag-m.  vi.  237. 

"W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  aiid  adjoining  districts,  B.  Brown,  Bader, 
Drummoiui,  n.  2(),  Preiss,  n.  665,  and  many  otiiers  ;  eastward  to  8alt  river,  Jla  rirell. 
Those  specimens  in  which  most  of  the  leaves  are  ;-;-iobeil  only  dilfer  from  /.  trijmrtitus 
in  tlieir  gieater  length.  The  inflorescence  tluwers  and  fruit  are  the  same  in  I.trilobus, 
I.  tripartitus,  and  /  longifvlius. 

17.  I.  Drummondii,  Bentk.  A  sliru!)  witli  tlie  branclies  and  young- 
slioots  tomentose,  the  adult  fohag^e  giabrous.     Leaves  undivided,'terete 


Is()po//U/l .  CIV.     FUOTEACE.^E.  34;) 

witli  a  callous  poiut,  ratlier  thick,  reseuibling-  those  of  Petrophila 
terctijblin,  atteuuate  at  tlie  base,  li  to  3  in.  long-.  Cones  termiual,  at 
flrst  de])ressed  at  leugth  globuhcU",  |  to  1  in.  long",  surrounded  by 
numerous  iloral  leaves,  Outer  Ijracts  lanceolate,  not  numerous,  not 
cxceediug-  the  scales  and  shorter  than  them  in  the  fruiting-  cone.  Cone- 
scales  uarrow,  especially  the  iuner  ouos  aud  shortly  acuminate,  but 
more  or  less  cuneate,  diusely  villous  outside,  aud  after  flowering  their 
convex  summits  closely  imbricate  iu  a  g-hjbuLir  mass  as  in  others  of  this 
sectiou.  Perianth  scarcely  4  Kues  loug-,  the  tube  usually  pubescent, 
the  himiuce  g'hibrous  except  a  small  tuft  of  hairs  at  the  end.  Style-end 
sHg-htly  chivate,  miuutely  papillose-pubescent,  separated  by  a  very 
shght  coustriction  from  the  pubescent  slightly  bulbous  base  of  the 
otherwise  glabrous  but  furrowed  brush.  Receptacle  oblong*. — /.  loetro- 
philoidcs,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  503,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  2?6,  partly, 
but  not  of  Br, 

TV,  Australia,  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.,  Preiss.  The  foliage  of  tliis 
species  is  neMriy  tliat  of  the  uiulivided  states  of /.  tentifolia  and  /.  scahriuscuia,  with 
the  former  of  wliich  (the  /.  petrapliiloidcs,  Br.)  it  niay  have  been  confounded  by 
Meissner,  as  he  quotes  Baxter's  specimens  as  well  as  Drunimond's  and  Preiss'.s. 

18.  I.  heterophyllus,  McissJi.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  504,  und  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  278.  Gkibrous  wheu  in  fruit  except  a  slight  pubescence  below  the 
cone.  Leaves  terete,  usually  thickened  upwards  and  incurved,  acute, 
entire,  bifid  or  trifid,  rarely  with  one  or  two  of  the  segments  ag'ain 
divided,  2  to  3  in.  long-  including"  the  petiole.  Cones  terminal,  sessile, 
ovoid-g-lobular  and  |  iu.  diameter  wdien  in  fruit.  Outer  bracts  broad, 
not  ntmierous,  villous  outside.  Cone-scales  broadly  cuneate,  somewhat 
hardened  and  truncate  when  in  fruit,  very  densely  villous  outside. 
Perianth  not  seen.     Receptacle  oblong-.     Coma  of  the  nuts  very  long*. 

^V.  Australia.  Drummond,  n.  731,  Preiss,  n.  672.  (T  have  only  seeu  Drum- 
niond's  specinicns.) 

19.  I.  villosus,  Jfri.tsn.  i)i  DC.  P/-od.  xiv.  277.  Sterns  very  short, 
thick  and  woody,  rarely  6  in.  hig'h,  densely  tomentose-villous.  Leaves 
terete,  rig-id,  repeatedly  forked,  8  to  10  in.  long-  including-  the  long- 
})etioles,  softly  tomentose  or  at  length  ahnost  g'labrous,  the  seginents 
divaricate  and  almost  pungent-pointed.  Cones  ovoid,  closely  sessile 
within  the  leaves  in  a  cluster  of  3  or  4,  each  cone  about  1  in,  long* 
without  the  perianths.  Outer  bracts  few  and  sliort.  Cone-scales 
cuneate,  densely  woolly  outside,  with  long-  lanceolate-subulate  plumose 
deciduous  points,  Perianth  8  to  9  lines  long-,  very  densely  hirsute  with 
spreading-  hairs.  Style-end  continuous,  very  shortly  thickened  and 
minutely  pubescent  under  the  nearly  glabrous  long-  and  slig-htly  thickened 
brush.  Receptacle  oblong-,  sometimes  nearly  1  in.  long-. — F.  Mucll. 
Fragm.  vi.  241. 

W.  Australia,   Drummond,  5th  coll.  n.  o99. 

20.  I.  teretifolius,  P.  Br.  in  Tra/is.  Li/i.n.  Soc,  x.  71,  P)-od.  3G5. 
A  shrub  of  2  to  4  ft.,  the  young"  shoots  silky-pubescent,  the  adult  foliag^e 
g-labrous.     Leaves   terete,  rigid,  in  a  few  s])ecimens  all  or  nearly  all 


84(]  CIV.    PR0TEACE.1E.  [lsopOff07l. 

simple  and  2  or  3  in.  long-,  but  usually  once  twice  or  even  tliree  times 
bifid  or  trifid,  the  seg-ments  usually  divaricate,  with  callous  or  scarcely 
acute  points.  Cones  terminal,  sessile  or  nearly  so  but  almost  ahvays 
more  or  loss  oblique  or  cernuous,  rarely  quite  erect,  depressed-globular, 
I  to  1  in.  diameter  after  floworing".  Outer  bracts  broad,  obtuse  or  w^ith 
small  recurved  points,  closely  imbricate  but  rather  shorter  than  the 
scales.  Cone-scales  obovate-cuneate,  the  convex  closely  imbricate  ends 
densely  tomentosp,  the  remainder  densely  villous  outside  with  fulvous 
hairs.  Perianths  very  numerous,  about  |  in.  long-,  more  or  less  villous, 
the  laminie  tipped  with  longer  hairs.  Stylc-end  shortly  clavate  and 
pubescent,  constricted  into  a  short  neck  below  the  bulbous  base  of  the 
giabrous  linear  or  sligiitlv  ta])ering-brush.  Keceptacle  conical. — Meissn. 
in  PI.  Preiss.  i.  504,  and'in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  277 ;  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vi. 
241 ;  /.  pctrophiloicks,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  7  (specimens  with  all  or  nearly 
all  the  leaves  entire) ;  /.  coniif/erus,  Lindl.  S.  R.  App.  34  (specimens 
with  the  leaves  but  little  divided). 

^V.  Australia.  King  Genrge^s  Sound  and  ailjoining  districts,  fiequent,  B.  Broivn, 
Bau:tcr,  aud  mauy  others  ;  eastvvaid  to  tlie  Mounts  Bairen,  Ma.rwell;  nortliward  to 
Quangen  pbiins,  Preiss,  iuid  towards  Swan  river,  BrummonJ,  \st  coll.  {Preiss,  n.  062, 
6G8,  6ij9,  675,  and  perliaps  681). 

Aniidst  all  tlie  variations  of  foliage  froni  siinple  to  mucli  divided,  whicli  being  some- 
times  met  with  on  one  and  the  same  bush,  cannot  serve  to  chaiacterize  difinite 
varieties,  this  spccies  may  usnally  be  at  once  recognised  by  the  cernunus  heads  which  I 
have  not  oliserved  in  aiiy  other  Isopogon.  Ihcre  are  however  a  few  spicimens  iu 
wliicli  this  character  is  not  very  decided  or  in  which  thc  heads  are  quite  erect,  jiossibly 
froin  having  beconie  straightened  iii  drying.  In  13row/i's  original  speciniens  (froiu 
IJaxter)  of  l  pctropldloidt^s  ihe  heads  are  very  cernuous,  in  those  of  his  own  coUectiiig 
of  /  teretifolnis  they  aie  erect,  in  all  others  that  I  have  seen  with  di\ided  leaves,  ex- 
ceptiiig  one  or  two  of  Preiss's,  they  are  deciduiily  ccruuous. 

21.  I.  anethifolius,  Knight.  Prot.  94.  An  erect  shrub  of  3  or  4ft., 
giabrous  excej)t  the  cones.  Leaves  once  or  twice  pinnate,  with  rather 
slender  terete  usually  erect  and  crowded  seg-ments,  acute  but  not  pun- 
gent,  often  above  1  in.  long".  Cones  terminal,  sessile  or  shortly 
peduncuhite  within  the  Horal  leaves,  ovoid,  giobular,  -|  to  |  in.  diameter  or 
even  mure  when  in  fruit.  Outec  bracts  numerous  but  small,  mostly 
giabrous,  more  or  less  acuminate,  the  inner  ones  broad  and  with  shorter 
points,  all  shorter  than  the  scales.  Cone-scales  very  numerous,  their 
broad  truncate  tomentose  ends  closely  imbricate  in  the  fruiting-  cone, 
the  conceaied  portion  densely  villous  on  the  back  with  fulvous  hairs. 
Perianth  yellow,  about  \  in.  long*,  sparingiy  and  shortly  silky-hairy, 
with  a  tuft  of  long-er  hairs  towards  the  end  of  the  laminte.  Style-end 
clavate,  minutely  and  densely  pubescent,  separated  by  a  short  but 
rather  deep  constriction  from  the  bulbous  base  of  the  brush.  Recep- 
tacle  cylindrical. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  71,  Prod.  305;  Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  277;  Protva  ancthifolia,  Salisb.  Prod.  48;  Protca 
ucufcra,  Cav.  Ic.  vi.  33,  t.  549;  Protca  divaricuta,  Andr.  Bot.  Rep. 
t.  4(55. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  17. 
and  many  others. 


Isapogon.]  civ.   PROTEAOE.ii:.  34? 

22.  I.  petiolaris,  .1.  Cunn.  in  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  8.  A  low  biisli_y  or 
procumbont  shnib,  iioarly  allied  to  /.  (inemon(f'olhis,  the  young"  shoots 
tomen^osc-]nibescent,  the  adult  foliag-e  becoming'  g'hibrous.  Leaves 
llat  and  ternately  or  pinnately  divided  as  in  /.  anemuniJhUus,  but  more 
riiid  and  striate,  the  pctioles  usually  2  to  3  in.  long-,  tlie  seg-ments  di- 
varicato,  often  pung^enc-pointed  Cones  g-lobuhir,  h  to  |  in.  diameter 
without  the  perianths,  or  from  f  to  1  in.  when  in  fruit.  Uuter  bracts 
few,  rather  broad,  acuminate.  Cone-scales  broadly  cuneate,  very 
woolly  outside  but  with  long"er  points  than  in  /.  anem/mifolius.  Perianth 
scarcely  4  lines  long-,  g-labrous  except  the  small  terminal  tufts,  the  tube 
short.     Styles  of  /.  anemonijolius. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  279. 

Queensland.     Nortli  of  Macintyre's  Brook,  A.  Cunningliam. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Paianiatta,  Woolls ;  New  England,  ('.  Shtart ;  Eeedy  Crcek, 
C.  Jloore;  between  the  BoL;an  and  Buree  rivers,  A.  Cunningliam. 

23.  I.  anemonifolius,  Knifiht.  Prot.  93.  A  shrub  of  4  to  6  ft., 
g"labrous  except  the  cones  or  tlie  branches  and  young-  shoots  pubescent. 
Leaves  on  rather  long-  petioles,  once  or  twice  trifid  or  pinnately  divided, 
with  linear  or  linear-cuneate  entire  or  2-  or  3-lobed  segments,  usiuilly 
diverg-ing"  or  falcate,  mostly  pung'ent-pointed,  rather  rigid  and  obscurely 
veined,  the  whole  leaf  2  to  4  in.  iong-  and  nearly  as  broad.  Cones 
sessile,  solitary  or  in  clusters  of  2  or  3  at  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
nearly  globular,  ^  to  f  in.  diameter.  Outer  bracts  numerous  but 
mostly  small  and  narrow.  Cone-scales  very  numerous,  woolly  outside, 
the  expanded  truncate  imbricate  ends  becoming'  g-labrous  witli  very 
minute  points.  Perianth  yellow,  5  to  6  lines,  g-labrous  except  the 
terminal  tufts  of  sliort  hairs.  Style-end  clavate,  minutely  papillose- 
pubescent,  separated  by  a  short  constriction  from  the  bulbous  base  of 
the  nearly  g-labrous  brush.  Keceptacle  oblong"  or  cylindrical. — R.  Br. 
in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  72,  Prod.  'dQQ ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  279 ; 
F.  Muell.  FragTO.  vi.   238 ;  Lodd.  Bot.   Cab.  t.   1337  ;   Protea  anemoni- 

folia,  Salisb.  Prod.  48  ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  697  ;  Andr.  Bot.   Rep.  t.  332  ; 
P.  tridacti/lites,  Cav.  Ic.  vi.  33,  t.  548. 

W.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  B.  Brown,  Caley  (with  pu- 
bescent  leaves),  Sieher,  n.  18,  and  F'l.  Mixt.,  n.  480,  and  many  others. 

Var.  ti-mdfolius,  F.  Muell.  Leaf-segnients  narrow-lincar,  short,  cliannelled  above 
like  those  ot'  I.formosus. — Twofold  Bay,  /".   Mueller,  the  specimens  in  fruit  only. 

Var.  'r  puhifiorus.  Leaf-segmenls  numerous,  erect,  long.  Perianth  slightly  hirsute. 
— Sydney?  Bi/noe. 

24.  I.  ceratophyllus,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  72,  Prod.  366. 
A  low  g'labrous  shrub,  usually  forming-  dense  very  prickly  tufts  under 
1  in.  hig-h,  but  sometimes  attaining-  I  to  2  ft.  Leaves  crowded,  on 
rather  long-  petioles,  tlattened  but  undulate,  ternately  or  pinnately  (h- 
vided  into  linear  rigid  intricately  divaricate  pung-ent-pointed  segments, 
quite  smooth  or  obscurely  striate.  Cones  sui'rounded  by  numerous 
leaves,  globular,  about  ^  in.  diameter  or  nearly  |  in.  when  in  fruit. 
Outer  bracts  ovate,  g-labrous,  ratlier  thin,  imbricate  and  almost  con- 
cealing"  the  scales  at  the  time  of  flowering-.     Cone-s^ales  broad,  villous 


348  CIV.    PROTEACE.T2.  [Isopoi/Otl. 

outside,  the  outer  ones  witli  sliort  broad  o-laljrous  ends,  all  closely  im- 
bricate  after  tluwering-.  Perianth  ratlier  above  h  in.  long-,  the  tube  very 
slender  and  the  huninie  srnall,  g'hibrous  or  with  minute  terminul  tufts 
of  hairs.  Style-end  chivate,  minutely  papillose-pubeseent,  contracted 
into  a  short  ueck  below  the  bulbous  base  of  the  nearly  g-hibrous  brush. 
Recej)tacle  ovoid-conical,  rather  short. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  2?9  ; 
Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm.  i.  319 ;  F.  Mucll.  Frag-m.  vi.  238. 

Victoria.  Yoxi  VhWW^^,  R.  Brown  ;  from  the  Glenelg  river,  Roherlson,  io  Gipps' 
I>aiul,  F.  MucUer  ;  Wiuunera,  Dallachy. 

Tasmania.     Fliiiders' Islaiid,  Gunn;  isles  of  Bass's  Straits,  5?/noe. 

S.  Australia.  j\Ioiint  Barker,  Whittaker;  St.Vincent'8  Gulf,  £/a«dou-s/.'i ;  Lofty 
Eanne,  (.iniilicii  aiid  Encountcr  Bays,  F.  Mtieller. 

W.  Australia?  King  George's  Souud,  iVLcan  in  Herb.  Hoolcer,  but  pcrhaps 
some  nii.stake. 

25.  I.  asper,  1\\  Jir.  Prot.  Nov.  8.  A  shrub,  sometimes  low,  with 
erect  nearly  siin])le  branches  of  1  to  2  ft.,  (Prciss  and  others),  sometimes 
more  branchod  and  attaining-  several  ft.  (Ohl/icld),  the  branches  pubes- 
cent,  the  foliag-e  slightly  scabrous.  Leaves  crowded,  pinnate  with  the 
lower  seg-ments  forked  or  3-lobed,  all  the  seg-ments  rigid,  linear,  Hat  or 
channelled,  mostly  acute,  the  whole  leaf  rarely  above  1  in.  long-.  Cones 
depressed-g-lobular,  -|  in.  diameter  without  the  perianths,  terminal  or 
on  short  axillary  branches,  forming"  dense  leafy  clusters  at  or  near  the 
ends  of  the  branches.  Floral  leaves  numerous,  the  inner  ones  with  di- 
lated  petioles  and  smaller  segments,  passing-  into  tlie  ovate  acuminate 
outer  bracts,  and  the  inner  ones  of  these  passing-  into  the  obovate 
spathulate  cone-scales,  whicli  are  villous  outside  with  spreading-  ovate 
coloured  glabrous  points,  the  inner  scales  gTadually  narrower,  all  ex- 
eeeding'ly  numerous  and  closely  imbricate  after  ilowering-.  Perianth 
"  red,"  g-labrous,  about  ^  in.  long-  or  rather  more.  Style-eud  long"  and 
clavate,  densely  pa])illose-pubescent,  separated  by  a  sliort  constriction 
fi'om  the  slig-htly  bulbous  jjubescent  base  of  the  brush  which  is  minutely 
liirsute  in  longitudinal  lines.  Receptacle  nearly  g'lobular. — Meissn.  in 
Pl.  Preiss.  i.  505,  and  iu  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  2?8 ;  /.  scahcr^  Lindl.  Swan 
Piv.  Ajip.  34,  not  of  Bot.  Mag\ 

^V.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  574  ;  Ci>lo7iial  Cliurcli  Grant, 
Preiss,  n.  GyJ  ;  Hanipden,  Clarke ;  Gordon  aud  Canning  rivers,  Oldfield. 

20.  I.  crithmifolius,  F.  Muell.  Fraijm.  vi.  239.  Very  closely  al- 
lied  to  I.J'ormo.-<ns,  and  j)erhaps  one  of  its  numerous  varieties,  but  the 
leaves  are,  as  in  /.  roscus,  flattened  thoug-h  concave,  once  or  twice  ter- 
nately  divided  into  linear  or  linear-cuneate  entire  or  2-  or  3-lobed  seg"- 
ments,  sometimes  very  short  but  more  frequently  tlie  petiole  and  the 
dividcd  portion  each  from  |  to  1  in.  long".  Cones  and  Howers  entirely 
of  I.  JhriiiD^iis. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  rivcv,  Drummond,  \st  coJl.  n.  5C3  (wiih  narrow  ]caf-.seg- 
ments),  /.  *S'.  Roe  (with  short  broad  leaf-segnients).  Druinmond's  spcimens  are  re- 
fcrrcd  by  Meissner  to  /.  rcseus,  he  having  inadvertently,  as  pointed  out  by  F.  Mueller, 
ovcrloukcd  tlu;  scctional  ditfi-rcncc  in  the  structure  of  thc  cones. 


Isopor/on.]  nV.     PROTEACEiE.  349 

27.  I.  formosus,  7?.  Br.  in  Trana.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  72,  Prod.  .300.  A 
shrub  low  and  busliy,  or  ereot  less  brojiclied  and  attaining-  4  to  G  ft., 
tlie  young-  slioots  sometimes  densely  villous  witb  soft  spreadinp-  liairs, 
tbe  adult  foliaue  usually  g-bibrous,  tbe  ])rancbes  more  or  less  tomentose. 
Leaves  ratber  crowded,  ouce,  twice  or  tbree  times  ternately  divided  into 
narrow  seg-ments,  terete  or  g-rooved,  sometimes  sbort  divaricate  rig-id 
and  pung-ent-pointed,  sometimes  long-er  more  erect  and  acute  onlv,  tlie 
wbole  leaf  rarely  above  2  in.  long-.  Cones  terminal  or  rarely  in  tbe 
upper  axils,  sessile,  g-lobubir  or  at  leng-tb  ovoid,  |  to  |  in.  diameter 
•without  tbe  periantbs,  usually  very  villous.  Outer  bracts  lanceobite  or 
ovate-bmceobite,  not  exceecbng-  tlie  scales.  Cone-scaU^s  cuneate,  vcry 
villous  outside,  scarcely  mucronate,  closely  imbricate  after  flowering-. 
Periantb  red,  g-labrous,  but  witli  small  terminal  tufts  of  bairs,  alKHitf 
in.  long-.  Style-end  narrow-cbivate,  contracted  into  a  sbort  neck  below 
tbe  pubescent  bulbous  base  of  tbe  brusb.  Receptacle  oblong-,  |  to 
uearly  1  in.  long-. — Bot.  Reg-.  t.  1288  ;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  ijOG, 
ii.  247,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  278 ;  F.  MuelL  Frag-m.  vi.  240. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  very  freqnent,  R. 
Brou-n,  A.  Ciainivgham,  Drummond,n.  182,  185,  coll.  2,  n.  295,  coll.  3,  n.  247;  Freiss, 
n.  683,  6S7,  and  niany  others,  extending  to  Vasse  river,  Oldfield,  and  eastwarJ  to 
Cape  Arid,  Maxwdl,  llie  latter  witli  rather  smaller  coiies  in  tlie  upper  axils. 

28.  I.  divergens,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  7.  A  g-bibvous  sbrub,  eitber 
spreading-  and  1  to  l^-  ft.  big-b,  or  more  busby  and  attaining-  8  or  4  ft. 
Leaves  once  or  twice  pinnately  divided  into  ratber  slender  tliousii  rio-id 
terete  seg-ments,  obtuse  or  mucronate,  erect  or  spreading-,  tlie  wbole 
leaf  rarely  under  JJ  in.  and  often  above  4  in.  long-.  Cones  terminal 
ovoid,  conspicuous  for  tbeir  long-  purple  iiowers,  but  tlie  cones  tbemselves 
never  mucb  above  |  in.  diameter  and  f  in.  long-.  Outer  bracts  few  and 
sbort.  Cone-scales  broadly  cuneate,  villous  outside,  tbe  broad  ends 
becoming-  edabrous  in  tbe  old  cones  and  closely  imbricate,  Perianth 
fully  1  in.  long-  wben  well  developed,  sborter  in  a  few  specimens,  g-la- 
brous  except  small  terminal  tufts.  Style-end  cbivate,  minutely  but 
densely  pubescent,  separated  by  a  sHg-bt  constriction  from  tbe  broadly 
bulbous  base  of  tbe  brusb  wbich  is  prominently  ribbed  and  nearlv  gla- 
brous.  Receptacle  oblong--cvlindricab — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  50o, 
and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  277 ;  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  241. 

^V.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  560,  573,  Prciss,  n. 
667  ;  Culjong,  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

29.  I.  scabriusculus,  Mcissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  270.  A  mucli- 
branched  rigid  sbrub,  glabrous  except  tbe  cones  or  tbe  brancbes  mi- 
nutely  pubescent.  Leaves  linear,  terete  or  somewhat  Hattened  and 
g-rooved  or  concave,  mucronate,  tbick,  undivided  or  very  rarely  sbortly 
forked,  3  to  G  in.  long-.  Cones  g-lobular  or  at  leng-tli  shortly  ovoid, 
about  \  in.  diameter,  terminal  or  rarely  also  in  tbe  upper  axils.  Outer 
bracts  broad,  closely  imbricate,  tomentose  outside,  persistent  and  often 
hardening-  after  flowering*,  passing-  into  tbe  scales  wbicb  are  narrower, 
very  densely  villous  outside  and  mostly  witb  minute  g-labrous  tips. 


350  civ.   PROTEACE^.  [isopogon. 

Perianth  rather  above  ^  in.  long-,  g-labrous  or  minutely  pubescent  be- 
sides  the  small  tutts  of  hairs  at  the  tips  of  the  laminae.  Style-end 
slightly  chivate,  minutely  i)apillo.se-pul)escent,  separated  by  a  slig-ht 
coustriction  from  the  pubeseent  slightly  bulbous  base  of  the  nearly 
glabrous  brush,  Receptacle  ovoid-conical. — F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  240. 
W.  Australia.  Drummond,  ^th  coll.  n.  263.  This  species  is  in  mau)'  respecta 
allied  to  /.  DrummontUi,  but  the  leiivus  are  le.^s  terete,  the  periauth  louger  and  more 
glabruus,  although  the  cones  themselves  are  smaller. 

3.  ADENANTHOS,  Labill. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  regular  or  nearly  so,  the  tube 
slender,  usuallv  splitting-  more  or  less  on  the  lower  side ;  laminee  equal, 
the  perianth  usually  falling-  otf  entire,  leaving-  a  very  short  persistent 
annular  base.  Anthers  all  perfect  and  free  or  the  lower  one  linear  and 
sterile,  sessile  within  the  segments  of  the  luiab,  the  connective  tipped 
Avith  a  small  appendage.  Hypog-ynous  scales  or  g-lands  4,  often  shortly 
adnate  at  the  base  to  the  persistent  perianth-ring-  but  protruding-  beyond 
it.  Ovary  sessile,  with  a  sing-le  laterally  attached  amphitropous  ovule. 
Style  elongated,  usually  arched  and  protruding-  above  tlie  middle  from 
the  slit  of  the  perianth-tube  before  the  end  is  set  free  by  the  opening- 
of  the  limb,  linally  erect  and  long-er  than  the  perianth,  usually  attenuate 
below  the  end,  which  is  more  or  less  thickened  or  dilated  elliptical  or 
linear,  with  a  stigmatic  slit  descending-  from  the  apex  to  tlie  middle  or 
nearly  to  the  base  of  the  lower  side.  Fruit  a  small  oblong-  or  rarely 
ovoid  obtuse  indehiscent  nut  (or  drupe  ?)  with  a  single  erect  seed. — 
Shrubs  sometimes  almost  gTowing"  into  small  trees,  sometimes  low  and 
prostrate,  often  silky-villous.  Leaves  entire  or  divided,  often  rather 
small  and  crowded,  ilat  or  terete,  rarely  rigid  and  pung-ent-pointed. 
Flowers  red  or  greenish,  terminal  or  axillary,  each  flower  sessile  within 
a  short  involucre  of  4  to  8,  usually  6,  imbricate  bracts,  the  inner  ones 
the  long-est,  the  involucres  solitary  or  in  clusters  of  3  or  4,  shortly  pe- 
dunculate  or  nearly  sessile.  Perianth  usually  pubescent  or  villous  out- 
side,  the  laminee  bearded  inside  behind  the  anthers  or  in  a  few  species 
almost  beardless.  Torus  with  a  tuft  of  hairs  round  the  ovary  within 
the  g-lands. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Western  cxtratropical  Australia,  and  is  not  closely  allied  to 
any  oiher  orre  hitherto  known,  although  with  the  inflorescence  of  the  uniflorous  species 
of  Lambertia. 

Skct.  1.  Eurylsema. —  Perianthtule  ohliijucly  dilaled  and  recurved  ahove  the 
middle.  Loirer  anther  linear  aud  sterile.  Styleend  ovate  or  elUptical.  Ltaves  flat, 
entire..     Lluictrs  axillary. 

Leaves  elliptical,  oblomj,  or  lanceoLito,  f  to  2  in.  long  ....     1.  ^.  harhigera. 
Leaves  obovate,  4  to  |  in.  long 2.  A.  obovuta. 

Sect.  2.  Stenolaema. — Perianth-tuhe  nearly  straight,  not  enlarged  ahove  the 
middle.     Anthers  allfoarperfect.     Style  end  slightly  thickened. 

Flowers  axillary.     Young  shoots  hoary-tomentose. 

Leaves  flat,  cuneate,  toothed  at  the  broad  end 3.  A.  cuneata. 


Adenanthos.]  civ.   puoteace.e.  .  351 

Leaves  divided  into  narrow  lincar,  obtuso,  ilat,  or  concave  seg- 

mcnts    .     . 4.  A.  Cimnvighainii. 

Lcavcs  torctc,  rigid,  pungcnt-poiiifed,  onlirc,  bilid  or  Irilid       .     5.  A. puiKjens. 
Flowcrs  terniiiial.      i>eavcs  entiro. 

Leaves  sessilc,  obovate  or  broadly  elliptical,  ^  to  f  in.  long     .     6.  A.  veiiosa. 
Leaves  petiniate,  oblong-linearor  sp.uluilate,  imder  4  in-  long     7.  A.  Dobs mi. 

Leaves  narrow-lincar,  4  to  H  in  long 8.  A.  Unearis. 

Floweis  terminal.     Lcavcs  dividcd  iiito  narrow  terctc,  nnt  pun- 
gcnt  seuments,  usually  crowdcd,  at  lcast  roiind  tlie  tlowers. 
Laiiiiiin?  of  tlic  pcriantli   dcnsely  bcardeil   inside  beliind  tlie 
anthers.     Sluubs  usiially  tidl  and  erect. 
Leavcs  not  very  dissimilar.     Periautli  fully  1  in.  long. 

Perianth  silky-villous  outside 9.  ^.  seri'-ea. 

Perianth  spariugly  glandnlar-pubescont  outside       .     .     .10.  A.  Meissncri. 
Floral  leaves  usually  twice  as  loug  as  those  on  the  branches, 
all  tililnnii.     Pcvianth  f  in.  long,  the  tube   ncarly  gla- 

brou^,  the  lanu'n;ie  haiiy 11.  A.  fiVifoUa. 

Laminw  of  the  periaiith  glabrous  iuside,  or  with  few  hairs  be- 
hind  the  anth  rs.     Shrubs  usiially  proounibent. 
Perianth  1  in   long,  sparingly  glandular  pnbesccnt     .     .     .10.  A.  Meissneri. 
Pciianth    I   in.   long,   piibesoent   or    villous.      Stemdeaves 

sh.irt  and  appressed;  floial  ones  twice  as  long    .     .     .     .12.  A.terminaUs. 
Perianth    |  in    long,  villous,   the  laminpe   yellow-plumose. 

Leavcs  very  silky    _  .     .     ._ 13.  A.  fiavidifiora. 

Perianth  \  in.  long,  villous  with  short  hairs.     Leaves  very 

fine,  the  fioial  ones  much  longer  than  the  others     .     .     .14.  A.  apicidala. 

Sect.  1.  EuRYL^MA. — Periantli-tube  very  obliquelj  dilated  and 
recurved  above  tlie  middle.  Lower  anther  (on  the  back  of  the  stvle) 
linear  and  sterile.  Style-end  ovate  or  elliptical,  compressed,  the  stio-- 
matic  slit  descending-  along-  the  centre  of  the  upper  face.  Leaves  flat, 
entire.     Flowers  axiHarv. 

1.  A.  barbigera,  Lindl.  Smm  liiv.  App.  36.  Stems  erect,  nearly 
simple  and  1  to  2  ft.  hig-h,  or  with  several  erect  virgate  branches  and 
attaining-  3  or  4  ft.,  tomentose-pubescent  and  hirsute  with  long-  fine 
hairs,  the  adult  foliage  often  g'labrous.  Leaves  from  eniptical-oblong* 
and  under  1  in.  to  hinceohite  and  2  in.  or  linear-lanceohxte  and  nearly 
3  in.  long-,  obtuse  or  with  a  callous  point,  contracted  into  a  very  short 
petiole,  prominently  veined,  the  primary  veins  few  and  almost  long-i- 
tudinal.  Peduncles  solitary  in  the  axils,  1  to  3  lines  long-.  Bracts 
hmceohxte,  acute,  villous,  the  inner  ones  often  ^  in.  long\  Perianth 
villous  with  fine  hairs,  rather  above  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  dilated  and  re- 
curved  above  the  middle,  the  short  laminte  long'-cohering',  the  3  upper 
segments  ultimately  separating  to  about  ^  of  the  perianth,  each  with  a 
perfect  anther  in  the  lamina,  the  lower  seg-ment  with  a  sterile  anther 
and  separating-  lower  down.  Style  g-labrous  or  sparing-ly  bearded  Avith 
fine  hairs,  the  dilated  end  elliptical,  compressed  but  thick,  the  stig-matic 
slit  descending"  to  about  half  way  down  tlie  inner  face  and  bordered  l)v 
slig-htlv  raised  margins. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  510  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  311. 

\V.  Australia.  Swan  rivcr,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  591,  Preiss,  n.  792  ;  Harvey ; 
Gordon  and  Harvey  rivcrs,  Oldfield. 


352  civ.  PROTEACEiE.  [Adenantkos. 

?.  A.  obovata,  Luhill.  PI.  yov.  IIoII.  i.  i?0,  t.  37.  A  shrub  of  3  or 
4  ft.  with  erect  virg-atc  branches,  g-hibrous  or  minutelj  hoarv-pubesceut 
■when  voun"".  Leaves  rather  crowded,  entire,  obovate,  obtuse  or  with 
a  calhnis  point,  coutracted  at  the  base  but  usually  sessile,  ^  to  f  in. 
lon<>-,  obscurely  :3-nerved,  the  nerves  converging-  at  the  apex  and  usually 
visible  only  on  the  under  side.  Pe(hincles  axillary,  solitary,  1  to  '2 
lines  long-."  Inner  bracts  '2  to  3  lines  loug-  and  almost  acute,  outer  ones 
short  and  obtuse.  Perianth  about  1  in.  loug-,  silky-pubescent  or  villous, 
the  tube  dilated  above  the  middle,  then  recurved  and  constricted  at  the 
base  of  the  laminte.  Lower  anther  linear  and  sterile.  Style  bearded 
with  few  hairs,  the  dilated  end  broadly  elliptical,  compressed  but  thick, 
the  stigmatic  slit  descending-  about  half  way  down  the  upper  face  and 
bordered  by  raised  marg-ins.  Fruit  oblong-,  obtuse,  about  3  lines  long-, 
g-labrous  or  neurly  so. — R.  Br.  in  Traus.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  151 ;  Prod.  367  ; 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  511,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  311. 

W.  Australia.  King  fieorge's  Sound  and  neighboiiring  districts,  LabiUardiere, 
B.  BrowH,  A.  Cunnhigham,  and  niany  others ;  Blackwood  river,  Oldfitld;  Swau  river? 
Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  592  ;  near  Guildford,  Freiss,  n.  790. 

Sect.  2.  Stexol^ma. — Perianth-tube  nearly  straight,  not  enlarg-ed 
above  the  middle.  Authers  all  four  perfect.  Style-end  sliglitly 
thickened,  not  compressed,  the  stig-matic  slit  or  line  descending-  down 
the  upper  side. 

Jleissner  describes  one  anther  as  abortive  in  A.  ciineafa  and  in  A.  3Ieissneri,  which 
mnst  liave  been  accid-ntal  in  the  flowers  esamined.  I  have  found  all  four  perfect  in  all 
the  buds  I  opencJ  in  bolh  species  as  in  all  others  of  this  section. 

3.  A.  cuneata,  Lahill.  Pl.  Nov.  Iloll.  i.  28,  t.  30.  A  shrub  of  3  to 
0  ft.,  the  brauches  and  foliag-e  silky-tomentose.  Leaves  cuneate,  the 
broad  end  truncate,  with  3  to  ?  obtuse  crenatures,  contracted  at  the 
base  into  a  short  petiole,  the  whole  leaf  f  to  1  in.  loug-,  rather  thick, 
veinless  or  obscurely  3-  or  5-nerved.  Peduncles  solitar}'  in  the  axils, 
slender,  often  longer  than  the  petioles.  Bracts  acute,  the  inner  ones 
enlarg-ed  to  3  lines  long-  under  the  fruit.  Perianth  about  1  in.  long", 
silkv-pubescent,  the  tube  slender  and  straight  or  slig-htly  enlarg-ed  be- 
low  the  middle  after  llowering-,  the  lamiu.e  bearded  inside  behind  the 
anthers  which  are  all  perfect.  Style-end  scarcely  thickened.  Fruit 
oblong-,  about  \  in.  long-. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  152 ;  Prod. 
36r  ;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  511,  ii.  247  aud  iu  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  312; 
A.  fiahcIUfoUa,  Knig-ht,  Prot.  ^(S  ;  .1.  crcnata,  "Willd.  in  Sjireng'.  Syst.  i. 
472. 

^V.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  Lahillardiere,  II. 
Broiri,,  }Jniii)ii)"ii(I,  Zrd  call.  v.  245,  Preiss,  n.  793,  and  otliers;  eastward  to  Pbiilip's 
river  aud  Ejrt^s  rnliif,  MaxueU. 

4.  A.  Cunninghamii,  Mci.-<.vi.  in  Pl.  Pirixs.  i.  513,  ««^7  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  313.  A  tall  orect  shrub,  tlie  branches  and  foliag"e  tomentose  and 
often  sprinkled  with  a  few  fine  spreading-  hairs,  the  older  leaves  less 
tomentose  but  hoary.     Leaves  crowded,  once  or  twice  trifid  or  pinnate 


Adenanthos.]  Civ.  proteace^.  353 

with  few  ratlier  long-  linear  seg-ments,  narrow  but  flat  or  concave  and 
mostly  obtuse,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  2  in.  long-  inchiding-  the  short  petiole. 
Invohiores  sohtary  in  the  axils,  on  peduncles  of  2  to  3  Unes.  Bracts 
acute,  silky-hairy,  the  inner  ones  2  hnes  long\  Perianth  about  1  in. 
long-,  silky-villous,  the  tube  straig-ht.  Anthers  all  perfect.  Stjle-end 
slender. 

W.  Australia.  King  Guorge's  Soiind,  Fra<icr ;  iii  tlie  interior,  Pyeiss,  n.  2621 
{Meissner).  1  have  not  seen  Preiss's  i^pecimen ;  all  others,  wiiich  I  have  seen  in  difFe- 
rent  coUections,  appeur  to  have  originated  in  a  shrub  raised  in  the  Sjdney  Botauic 
Garden  froia  Fraser's  seeds. 

5.  A.  pungens,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  515,  ii.  248,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  318.  A  rig-id  bushy  or  spreading-  shrub,  the  young-  shoots  hoary- 
tomentose,  the  adult  fohag-e  glabrous.  Leaves  terete,  slig-htly  g-rooved 
above,  entire  or  divaricately  bilid  or  trifid  above  the  middle,  rather 
thick,  rig-id  and  pung-ent-pointed,  f  to  IJ  in.  long-.  Involucres  soHtary 
in  the  upper  axils,  sometimes  rather  crowded  towards  the  ends  of  the 
branches,  on  peduncles  of  1  to  2  lines.  Bracts  softly  silky-villous,  the 
inner  ones  about  \h  Hnes  long-.  Perianth  rather  under  1  in.  long',  silky- 
viHous.  Anthers  all  perfect.  Style  sHghtly  hairy,  the  end  scarcely 
thickened.  Fruit  oblong-,  2  to  3  Hnes  long-. — A.  urmata,  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  313. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  256  (with  the  leaves  niostly,  but  not  all, 
tindivided),  ath  coll.  n.  400  (with  the  leaves  mostlj,  but  not  all,  3-fid) ;  in  the  interior, 
Preiss,  n.  671  {3Ieissner).  Meis<ner  distinguishes  A.  armata  from  the  divided-leaved 
specimens  oi  A.  punyens,  by  the  leaves  divided  tn  below  the  middle  and  by  tlie  laminae 
of  the  perianth-segments  longer  in  proportion,  neither  of  which  characters  holds  good  in 
our  specimens,  all  from  Drummond  ;  I  have  not  seen  Preiss's. 

6.  A.  venosa,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  311.  A  bushy  shrub  of  3 
or  4  ft.,  the  branches  and  young-  shoots  softly  and  often  densely  viHous, 
the  older  foHage  nearly  glabrous.  Leaves  crowded  under  the  flowers, 
more  distant  along  the  branches,  sessile,  entire,  obovate  or  broadly 
eUiptical,  shortly  acuminate  or  miicronate-acute,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
often  ciHate  on  the  margins,  |  to  f  in.  long-,  often  coriaceous,  more  or 
less  prominently  marked  with  ahnost  longitudinal  veins,  the  floral  ones 
often  rather  harg-er  than  those  below  them.  InvoHicres  in  terminal 
clusters  or  umbels  of  3  to  G,  rarely  soHtary,  on  short  peduncles ;  bracts 
4  to  6.  Perianth  about  1  in.  long-,  slender,  glandular-hirsute.  Anthers 
all  perfect.     Style-end  scarcely  thickened. 

\ir.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  264;  ia  the  interior  from  Cape  Le  Grand 
and  summit  of  VV.  Mount  Barren,  3Iaxwell. 

7.  A.  Dobsoni,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  204.  A  prostrate  much- 
branched  shrub,  spreading  to  1  or  2  ft.  diameter,  the  young-  shoots 
silky-hairy,  the  older  foHag-e  glabrous.  Leaves  entire,  oblong--Hnear 
or  spathuhite,  mostly  under  |  in.  long,  very  obtuse,  narrowed  into  a 
distinct  petiole.  InvoHicres  terminal,  soHtary,  on  very  short  peduncles ; 
bracts  obtuse,  the  inner  ones  about  1|  Hnes  long,     Perianth  slender, 

VOL.  V.  A  A 


054  civ.   PHOTEACEJE.  [Adcnanthos. 

8  to  9  lines  long-,   silky-pubcscent.     Antliers   all  perfect.     Style-end 
scarcely  tliickened. 
W.  Australia.     Puint  Malcolni,  Maxwell. 

8.  A.  linearis,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  311.  Apparently  procum- 
l)ent,  witli  slender  branching-  steras  of  above  1  ft.,  tlie  young-  shoots 
silky-pubescent  and  hirsute  with  long-  fine  hairs,  the  older  foHage  g-ha- 
hrous.  Leaves  entire,  narrow-linear,  obtuse,  attenuate  at  the  base, 
rather  thick  but  flat,  h  to  1|  in.  long-.  Involucres  solitary  or  2  or  3  to- 
g-ether  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  on  peduncles  of  about  1  line ;  inner 
bracts  nearly  2  Knes  long-.  Perianth  6  to  7  lines  long-,  softly  hairy. 
Anthers  all  perfect.     Style  sparing-ly  bearded,  the  end  narrow-obloug-. 

TV.  Australia,   Drummond,  4th  coll.  n.  265. 

9.  A.  sericea,  LaMll.  Pl.  Nov.  Holl.  i.  29.  t.  38.  A  tall  shrub  or 
small  trce  of  10  to  20  ft.,  the  branches  and  foliag-e  softly  silky-pubes- 
cent  or  villous  with  soft  appressed  or  long-er  or  spreading-  hairs.  Leaves 
crowded,  very  shortly  petiolate,  twice  ternatel}'  or  pinnately  divided 
into  linear-terete  alniost  filiform  segments,  often  ending-  in  small  gla- 
brous  gland-like  tips  and  sometimes  the  lower  seg-ments  short,  as  if 
mutilated,  with  dihited  almost  peltate  g-land-Hke  tips,  the  whole  leaf  1 
to  l^  in.  long-,  the  floral  ones  often  rather  longer  than  the  others.  In- 
volucres  terminal,  solitary  or  rarely  2  or  3  tog-ether,  almost  concealed 
by  the  foliage,  on  peduncles  of  about  1  line,  the  bracts  silky-pubescent, 
the  inner  ones  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  above  1  in.  long-,  silky-villous, 
slender,  the  laminee  densel}'  bearded  inside  behind  the  anthers  which 
are  all  pevfect.  Style  glabrous,  the  end  slig-htly  thickened. — R.  Br.  in 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  152,  Prod.  367  5  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  513,  ii. 
248,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  312 ;  A.  apiculuta,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i. 
614,  and  in  DC.  l.c.  313,  not  of  R.  Br. 

^V.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoini'  g  districts,  Lahillardiere,  R. 
Broicn,  and  niany  others,  aiid  tlicnce  towards  Swan  river,  Druinmond,  l.vf  coll.  Zrd 
coll.  n.  255,  Preiss,  n.  787,  788,  and  others,  and  eastward  to  Cape  Arid,  Mu.vivell. 

The  specimens  of  Drumninnd's  and  Preiss's  relcrred  by  Meissner  to  A.  apiculata 
appear  to  nie  to  be  undisiinguisiiable  irom  tlie  comnion  A.  sericea,  except  jieriiaps  in 
the  7atlier  more  rigid  ioliage  witii  more  spreading  hairs,  but  even  this  distinction  is 
veiy  incoMStant.  I  havc  not  secn  in  anj'  cf  tliem  tlie  truly  lateral  gland  at  the  ends  of 
the  leaf-segments  as  in  the  true  A.  ajnculata,  Br.  {A.  p>rocu)nhens,  Meissn.). 

Var.  ?  brevifolia.  Lcavcs  ratlier  sliorter  bnt  sillvv-villous  and  the  perianth-laminae 
dcnscly  boaidcd  iuside  as  in  the  typical  A.  sericea. — A.  barlata,  F.  Muell.  Ilerb. 

S.  Australia.     Kangaroo  Island,  P.  Mueller,  Waterhovse. 

The  four  following  species  may  perhaps  hereafter  prove  to  be  varieties  on]yof^4. 
aericea. 

10.  A.  Meissneri,  L^chm.  PL  Prciss.  i.  512,  ii.  248.  A  procumbent 
or  irreguhirly  spreading-  shrub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  the  branclies  pubescent  or 
villous,  the  foliag-e  hirsute  pubescent  or  ahnost  g'hibrous.  Leaves 
mostly  twice  trifid  but  varying-  either  more  divided  or  less  so,  with 
terete  rather  rig-id  seg'ments,  more  spreading-  than  in  A.   sericea  and 


Adcnajithos.]  civ.   proteace.e.  355 

mostly  sliort,tlie  whole  leaf  often  scarcely  above  l-  in.  long",  tliose  clustored 
round  tlie  ilowers  however  usually  twice  as  loufi-  and  often  plumose  at 
the  base.  Involucres  terminal,  usually  3  or  4  to<i-ether.  Perianth  f 
to  1  in.  lonji-,  <i'landular-pubescent  and  not  silky,  the  laminw  with  few 
hairs  inside  behind  the  anthers  which  are  all  perfect. — Meissn.  iu  DC, 
Prod.  xiv.  312. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ind  coll.  n.  301,  Preisx,  n.  791 ;  Point  d'Entre- 
casteaiix,   M'a'co't ;  Cape  Lescheiiault  and  near  Bunbiiry,  Ohlfield. 

Var.  velutina.  Softly  and  densely  villnus,  leuves  ratlier  longer  and  the  laminae  of 
the  perianth  more  beanled  inside,  showing  an  approach  to  A.  sericea,  bnt  the  perianth 
glandular-piibescent  only  outside  as  in  tlie  typical  A.  Mei.^sneri. — A.  velutina,  Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  312. — W.  Australia,  Drummond,  4th  coll.  n.  266. 

11.  A.  filifolia,  Benth.  A  shrub  of  5  or  6  ft.  with  pubescent  branches. 
Leaves  g"labrous  or  nearly  so,  twice  or  even  tlirice  pinnately  divided 
into  filiibrm  seg-ments,  those  of  the  stem-leaves  sliort,  those  of  the  iloral 
leaves  much  longer  and  slig-htl}'  plumose  at  tlie  base,  the  wliole  leaf 
on  the  branches  not  above  J  in.  long-,  round  the  ilowers  f  to  1  in.,  all 
g'landular  at  the  point.  Involucres  terminal,  solitary  or  2  or  3  tog-ether. 
Perianth  fully  f  in.  long-,  the  tube  somewhat  ang-ular,  glabrous  or 
slig"htly  hairy  in  the  upper  part,  tlie  lamiuiP  darker  coloured,  hairy  out- 
side,  bearded  inside  beliiud  the  anthers  which  are  all  perfect. 

W.  Australia.     Stirling  Eange,  i^.  3/weZZer ;  Kqjonerup  hills,  JS/axjueZZ. 
Var.  sericifolia.     Leaves  silky-pubescent. — AV.  Australia,  Drummoiid,  n.  69. 

12.  A.  terminalis,  F.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  152,  Prod.  367. 
A  procumbent  shrub,  extending-  to  3  or  4  ft.,  tomentose-pubescent  and 
more  or  less  sprinkled  with  fine  spreading-  hairs.  Leaves  divided  into 
3  to  7  linear-terete  seg'ments,  those  along-  the  branches  usually  ap- 
pressed  and  3  to  5  lines  long-,  tliose  around  the  ilowers  crowded  and 
twice  as  long-.  Involucres  terminal,  solitary  or  2  or  3  tog'ether,  the 
inner  floral  leaves  less  divided  with  a  dilated  ciliate  petiole,  or  even  re- 
duced  to  a  simple  filiform  leaf.  Bracts  plumose  at  the  base.  Periantli 
about  f  in.  long-,  hirsute  outside.  Anthers  all  perfect,  with  very  few 
hairs  on  the  perianth-lamince  behind  them.  Stvle-end  slender. — Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  313  j  Endl.  Iconog-r.  t.  IIU. 

Victoria.     Wimmera,  Dallachy ;  N.W.  districts,  L.  Morton. 

S.  Australia.  Poit  Liiicoln,  R.  Broicn  ;  Onk;iparinga  and  Encounter  Bay,  F. 
Mueller ;  Penohi,  Woods ;  Kangaroo  IsUmd,  i^.  J/we/Zer. 

Preiss's  West  Australian  specimens  here  iucluded  by  Meissner  are  probably  referrible 
to  some  of  the  varieties  of  ^4.  sericea.     The  only  ones  I  have  seen  are  in  leaf  only. 

13.  A.  flavidiflora,  F.  Muell.  Frafjm.  i.  157.  A  procumbent  much 
branched  shrub,  tlie  branches  and  foliag-e  silvery-tomentose  and  more 
or  less  hirsute  with  spreading-  hairs.  Leaves  divided  into  3  to  7  linear- 
terete  obtuse  seg-ments  without  terminal  g-lands,  those  along-  the 
branches  \  to  nearly  ^  in.  long",  those  crowded  round  tlie  flowers  nearly 
I  in.  Involucres  terminal,  solitary  or  clustered,  on  ver^^short  pedicels, 
the  bracts  silkv-hairy.     Perianth  f  in.  long-,  villous  outside,  tlie  laminoe 

.4  A  2 


350  civ.   rROTEACE^.  [Adenanthos. 

densely  plumose  outside  with  yellow  liairs,  g-labrous  inside  or  nearly  so. 
Anthers  all  perfect.     8tyle-end  narrow.. 

W.  Australia.     North  of  Stirling  Range,  F.  Mudler ;  W.  Mount  Barren,  Maxwell. 

14.  A.  apiculata, /v".  i?/-.  Prot.  Nov.  9,  not  of  Mcissn.  A  procumbent 
sbrub  spreading-  to  2  or  3  ft.,  the  branches  slender,  silky-villous  when 
voun"-.  Leaves  divided  into  3  to  5  filiform  seg-ments  usually  with  a 
de])re^ssed  hiteral  g-land  at  the  end,  those  of  the  branches  often  short 
and  nearly  glabrous,  the  tioral  leaves  crowded,  often  1  in.  long-,  and 
ciliate  with  a  few  long-  fine  g-labrous  hairs.     Involucres  2  or  more  to- 

fether  in  terminal  clusters  and  nearly  sessile,  the  bracts  nearly  giabrous. 
'erianth  not  above  ^  in.  long-,  villous  with  short  spreading'  hairs,  the 
lamina?  g-hibrous  inside  or  with  very  few  hairs  behind  the  anthers  which 
are  all  perfect.  Style-end  oblong-.— ^.  procumhcns,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
i.  612,  ii.  248,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  312;  A.  Drummondii,  Meissn.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  514,  aud  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  313. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  to  tlie  eastwarJ,  Baxter,  Preisit,  n.  o89  ; 
towariLs  Cape  Jiithe,  Uarvty ;  between  Swan  river  and  King  George's  Sound,  Drum- 
mond,  Ist  coll.  n.  593,  3>-</  cull.  n.  253. 

Independently  of  the  fine  nearly  glabrous  foliage  and  lateral  glands  (which  arc  not 
quite  constant),  this  speuies  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  fuur  prccediug  ones  by  the 
short  flowers. 

4.  STIRLINGIA,  Endl. 

(Simsia,  R.  Br.  not  of  Pers.) 

Flowers  iiermaphrodite  or  male  by  abortion.  Perianth  reg-ular,  the 
tube  cvlindrical,  at  length  separating-  into  distinct  seg-ments,  recurved 
above  the  middle.  Antliers  all  ])erfect,  erect  on  short  thick  fihiments 
below  the  base  of  the  laminiP,  cohering-  round  the  style  when  the  fiower 
first  opens,  at  leng-th  recurved  with  the  ])erianth-segments,  the  cells  of 
each  anther  separated  by  a  broad  connective,  and  the  two  adjoining* 
cells  of  two  adjoining-  anthers  applied  face  to  face  in  the  bud  so  as  to 
form  a  sing'le  cell.  No  hypog-yuous  scales.  Ovary  sessile,  with  a  single 
anatropous  ovule  erect  from  the  base ;  style  filiform  with  a  terminal 
obtuse  or  dilated  and  peltate  stigma.  Fruit  a  small  dry  iudehiscent 
nut,  usuallv  broadly  obovoid  or  obconical  with  a  convex  or  nearly  tiat 
top,  hirsute  all  over,  the  upper  hairs  usually  long-er  forming-  a  coma. — 
Undershrubs  or  shrubs  usually  glabrous,  branching'  and  leafy  at  tlie 
base.  Leaves  dichotomous  or  rarely  trifid  only.  Peduncles  terminal, 
leafless,  long-  and  sim])le  or  more  or  less  branched  and  ]ianiculate. 
Flowers  small,  in  globular  s])ikes  or  heads  terminating-  the  branches  of 
the  ptmicle,  each  fiower  sessile  within  a  small  bract,  the  rhachis  or  re- 
ceptacle  cylindrical  ovoid  or  short,  usually  villous. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  extratropical  AV.  Australia.     By  the  curious  conforaiation  of 
the  antiiers  it  connects  the  Proteea  with  the  Conosjiemiecc. 
Leaf-segments  terete,  filiform  or  rigid. 

Bracts  narrow,  from  half  as  long  to  nearly  as  long  as  the  pe- 
rianth-tube.     Peduncles  singleheaded  or  rareiy  dividcd  into 
2  or  3  bingle-headed  branches. 
Peduncles  soiita'y  or  few,  1  to  l^  ft.  long 1.  S.  simplex. 


Stirlingia.]  CIV.    PROTEACE.E.  357 

Peduncles  usually  severnl,  2  to  4  in.  l(ing 2.  <S.  abrotanoides. 

Bracts   broad,  eiliate,  imbricate   in  tlie  young  spike,  as  long  as 

the  perianth-tube.     Panicle  lonse 3.  iS'.  teretifolia. 

Bracts  minute,  broad.     Panicle  loose  or  many-headed  ....  4.  /S'.  tenuifoUa. 
Leaf-segments  tiat,  liiiear  to  oblnng-lanceolate.     Panicles  much- 

branchcd,  tlie  ultimate  peduncles  short b.  S.  lalifolia. 

1.  S.  simplex,  Lindl.  Swan  Ikiv.  App.  30.  Leafy  stems  sliort 
Leaves  several  times  di-  or  tri-cliotomoiis,  with  slender  filiform  seg" 
ments,  exceeding'ly  fine  and  erect  when  young-,  but  at  leng-th  more  rig-io 
and  spreading-,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  2  in.  diameter  on  a  petiole  of  2  to  6 
in.  Peduncles  simple  or  witli  one  or  two  hranches  near  the  base,  1  to 
1|-  ft.  long",  bearing-  a  sing-le  spike  of  numerous  flowers  condensed  into 
a  globular  head  of  ^  to  f  in.  diameter.  Bracts  very  small,  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  the  inner  ones  almost  subulate.  Perianth  about  4  lines  long', 
the  himinffi  but  little  more  than  1  line.  Stigma  not  so  broad  as  in  some 
species. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  516,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  326 ;  S. 
capillifolia,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  70,  and  in  DC.  l.c.  (some 
specimens  of  the  hatter  with  the  long-  peduncle  rather  more  branched). 

^V.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Druinmond,  l-it  coll.  n.  586,  Preiss,  n.  112 ;  between 
Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  173. 

2.  S.  abrotanoides,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  517,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  326.  Stems  rather  slender,  leafy  to  the  inflorescence,  simple  or 
branched,  aliout  1  ft.  higli.  Leaves  smaller  and  less  divided  than  in 
the  other  species,  on  short  petioles,  the  segments  terete,  slender,  erect, 
the  whole  leaf  rarely  exceeding-  1  in.  Peduncles  terminal  and  in  the 
upper  axils,  sing-le-headed  but  often  numerous,  2  to  4  in.  long*.  Flowers 
rather  numerous  in  the  spike  or  head.  Bracts  lanceohite,  acuminate,  at 
least  half  as  long-  as  the  perianth-tube. 

IV.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  587,  Preiss,  n.  2622  ;  Cabin- 
ynng,  Oldfield  (in  a  very  iniperfect  state).  The  above  character  is  taken  from  Drum- 
mond's  specimens  quoted  by  IMeissner,  in  which  the  bracts  are  certaiuly  nariow. 
Meissner  describes  them  as  ovate  and  minute,  probably  from  Preiss's  specimen  which  I 
have  not  seen.  There  may  be  therefore  some  doiibt  as  to  the  identity  of  the  two,  at 
least  as  varieties. 

3.  S.  teretifolia,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  i.  515,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
325.  Stems  erect  or  ascending-,  branching-  and  leafy  at  the  base.  Leaves 
dichotomous,  with  rather  rigid  erect  terete  seg-ments,  the  divided  part 
of  the  leaf  1  to  2  in.  long-,  on  a  petiole  about  as  long-.  Spikes  or  heads 
g-lobular,  not  J  in.  diameter,  in  a  loose  but  rather  rigid  panicle,  the  ul- 
timate  peduncles  often  several  in.  long-  and  always  long-er  than  the  spike. 
Flowers  rather  numerous.  Rhachis  ovoid,  villous.  Bracts  ovate,  rigid, 
often  cihohite,  as  long-  as  the  perianth-tube  and  a  few  of  the  outer  ones 
empty  or  with  sterile  flowers,  forming-  an  involucre  under  the  expanded 
spike.  Perianth  about  2  lines  long-,  the  tube  scarcely  longer  than  the 
lamince.  Stig-ma  slightly  peltate.  Summit  of  tlie  nut  convex,  with 
silvery  shining-  hairs. — S.  aj/inis,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  516,  and  in 
DC.  l.c. 

W.  Australia.  King  Georgc-'s  Sound  or  to  the  eastward,  .Ea.jfer,  Drummond, 
Ath  coll.  n.  267,  Pre'ss  ,n.  770. 


368  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [Stirluiffia. 

4.  S.  tenuifolia,  F/idl.  Gen.  Pl.  Siippl.  iv.  81.  Leaves  on  ratlier 
long-  pctioles,  crowded  at  the  base  of  the  plant,  or  on  a  more  or  less 
elongated  leafy  stem,  repeatedly  dicliotomous.  the  segments  terete,  di- 
varicate,  very"^fine  in  the  typical  tbrm,  sometimes  all  under  \  in.  long-, 
more  frequently  about  h  in.  or  longer.  Panicle  leailess,  sometimes  few- 
headed  and  scarcely  excceding-  the  leaves,  more  frequently  rather  loose 
and  0  in.  to  1  ft.  long-.  Spikes  or  heads  on  slender  peduncles,  rather 
small.  Flowers  pale  yellow^,  8  to  20  in  the  spike.  Bracts  very  small, 
ovate,  acute.  Perianth  2  to  2|  Hnes  long-,  constricted  under  the  limb. 
Stig-ma  capitate  or  slightly  peltate.  Nuts  densely  comose. — Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  320 ;  "Sinma  tcnnifulia,  R.  Br,  in  Trans,  Linn,  Soc,  x. 
152,  Prod.  808;  Sfirlinffia  aiicthifolia/lLndl.  IconoaT.  t.  23,  Meissn.  in 
Pl.  Preiss.  i.  510,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  320. 

W.  Australia.  Kins  George's  Soun<l  and  ad'oining  cHstrirts,  B.  Broirn,  Harvey, 
Drummond  Ath  coll.  n.  26S,  Frtiss,  n.  771,  Oldfiih/,  F.  Mueller ;  Mount  jMelville,  F. 
Mueller  (sniall  specimens  not  above  6  in.  higii  aud  floweriiig  the  first  year  so  as  to 
apjjcar  annual). 

Var.  anethifolia.  Leaves  more  rigid,  panicle  of  fewer  spikes  on  shorter  peduncles, 
but  the  bracts  not  perceptibly  difTerent. — Siinsia  anethifolia,  E.  Br.,  in  Trans.  Linii. 
Soc.  X.  153,  Prod.  3G8 ;  Stirlingia  intricata,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  325. — Towards 
Cape  Riche,  Baxter,  Harvey,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  269  ;  Lucky  Bay,  B.  Brown  ; 
thence  to  Cape  Aiid,  Maxwell. 

5.  S.  latifolia,  Steud.  Nom.  Bot.  ed.  2.  An  undershrub,  the  leafy 
stems  rarely  1  ft.  hig-h,  simple  or  branching-,  the  leatless  peduncle  in- 
chidinii-  the  panicle  1  to  1|  ft.  long-.  Leaves  once  or  twice  bifid  or  trifid, 
with  fiat  rigid  vertical  seg-ments,  broadly  linear  or  narrow-lanceolate 
ancl  2  to  4  in.  long-  in  the  typical  specimens,  the  whole  leaf  then  0  in. 
to  1  ft.  long',  narrow-linear  and  1  to  2  in.  long*  in  some  Swan  River 
specimens,  cuneate-oblong"  2  to  4  in.  long-  and  -|  to  1  in.  broad  in  others, 
all  with  a  small  callous  point  but  rounded  at  the  end  when  broad. 
Panicle  oblong-,  usually  much  branched,  with  minute  bracts  under  the 
branches.  Spikes  or  heads  g'lobuhir,  very  numerous,  on  peduncles  of 
1  to  3  Hnes.  Bracts  very  short,  broad,  truncate.  Perianth  varying-  in 
different  specimens  from  scarcely  2  lines  to  fully  3  lines  long-,  "  of  a 
ffreenish  yellow,  reddish  at  the  base."  Stig'ma  broadly  peltate,  undu- 
late.  Nut  broadly  turbinate,  densely  comose. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
i.  517,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  320;  Simsia  latiJhUu,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  9; 
Stirlirif/ia  paniculata,  LindL  Swan  Riv.  App.  30 ;   Meissn.  11.  cc. 

VT.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  Baxtpr,  Preisn,  n.  769,  F.  Mueller,  and 
others,  and  tlience  to  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.,  Preiss,  n.  767,  Oldjield;  Mur- 
chison  river,  Oldfield. 

The  species  is  very  vaiiable  as  to  ramification,  the  size  and  breadth  of  the  leaf- 
segments  and  the  size  of  tlie  fli)W(!rs ;  thc  extreme  iorms  I  have  scen  are  represented  by 
Preiss's,  n.  7G7,  froni  Swan  river,  witli  ratlier  small  lineardobed  ieaves  and  smail 
flowers,  and  by  I)rummond"s  frcmi  tlie  same  Ircality,  with  large  broad-Iobed  leaves  and 
large  flowers  ;  the  typical  King  George's  Sonnd  specimens  "are  inteimediate  between 
tho  two,  perhaps  nearer  to  the  JMtter  than  to  the  fornier,  and  there  are  many  inter- 
mediates.  In  several  flowers  I  observed  the  ovary  abortive,  with  a  short  style  and  no 
stigmatic  dilatation. 


Sijnaphea.]  civ.   proteace.e.  359 

Tribe  2.  CoNOSPERME^. — Antliers  :  one  with  2  perfect  cells,  two 
with  1  perfect  and  1  abortive  cell,  the  fourth  abortive,  the  perfect  cells 
broad,  concave,  erect,  without  any  connective,  the  adjoining-  ones  of 
distinct  anthers  applied  face  to  face,  so  as  to  form  in  tlie  bud  one  cell ; 
all  on  very  short  thick  fihiments  at  the  base  of  the  laminse  or  summit 
of  the  perianth-tube.     Ovule  1.     Fruit  a  dry  nut. 


5.  SYNAPHEA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  oblique  or  incurved,  the  tube 
short,  the  seg-ments  separating-,  the  upper  one  with  an  erect  ovate  or 
oblong-  lamina,  the  three  others  usually  shorter  and  more  spreading-. 
Stamens  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  laminte,  the  filaments  short  and 
thick.  Anthers  of  the  lowest  stamen  with  two  distinct  cells,  of  the  lateral 
stamens  with  one  cell  each,  the  cells  concave,  each  one  of  the  lateral 
anthers  when  in  bud  facing-  the  adjoining-  one  of  the  lower  anthers  and 
forming-  but  one  cell  with  it,  but  separating-  as  the  flower  opens ;  the 
upper  anther  abortive  and  replaced  by  a  small  membrane  connecting 
the  fllament  with  the  posterior  marg-in  of  tlie  stigma.  Ovary  1-ceIIed, 
crowned  b}'  a  tuft  of  g-land-Iike  hairs,  with  one  laterally  attached  ovule. 
Style  filiform,  dilated  at  tlie  end  into  an  oblique  disk,  stigmatic  on  its 
upper  surface  wliich  is  turned  towards  the  upper  perianth-Iobe  and 
retaiued  in  tliat  position  by  the  membrane  connecting-  it  with  the  fila- 
ment,  the  anterior  marg-in  of  the  disk  often  lobed  or  2-horned.  Fruit 
a  small  indehiscent  nut. — Shrubs  or  undershrubs.  Leaves  all,  or  in 
one  species  only  the  lower  ones,  on  long-  petioles  with  a  sheathing 
scale-like  dilatation  at  tlie  base,  the  lamina  entire  or  divided,  with 
few  primary  veins,  pitted  all  over  by  minute  reticulations.  Flowers 
small,  yellow,  in  spikes  often  at  first  dense  at  length  elong-ated,  each 
one  sessile  within  a  small  concave  bract,  the  common  peduncle  simple 
or  branched,  often  very  long-,  inserted  in  the  axil  of  a  rather  larg-e 
sheathing-  scale,  being-  the  base  of  an  abortive  leaf. 

The  geiJiis  is  limited  to  extratropical  West  Australia,  verj  distinct  as  a  wliole  from 
all  others,  but  difticult  as  to  the  discrimiuation  of  species.  With  the  exception  of  S. 
poh/morpha  aiid  iS.  pinnata,  the  foliage  is  ahiiost  as  variable  in  a  single  individual  as 
in  the  whole  group  of  species,  and  tlie  habit,  infioresceiice,  perianths,  and  stamens  are 
nearly  uuiform ;  tliere  remains  therelore,  besides  minor  difterences  in  indumentuin  and 
the  size  of  the  flowers,  very  little  of  specific  distinction  except  the  modifications  of  the 
stigma  or  stigmatic  end  of  the  stjle,  and  even  these  are  sometimes  not  very  well  de- 
fined. 

Spikes  simple,  not  exceeding  the  shortly  petiohvte  floral  leaves  .     .     1.  8.  pohjmorpha. 
Leaves  all  on  long  petioles.     Flowering  branches  long,  leafless, 
and  usnally  brauched. 
Stigma  2-horned. 

Base  of  the  petioles  hirsute.    Spike  pubescent.    Leaves  raostly 

entire  or  sliortly  lobed 2.  S.  dilatata. 

Whole  plant  glabrous  or  the  base  of  the  petioles  slightly  silky. 

Leaves  except  the  lowest  deeply  lobed  or  divided  .     ...     3.  S.favosa. 
Stigma  produced  into  a  single  oblong  incurved  entire  or  2dobed 

appendage.     Leaves  with  long  diverging  lobes      .     .     .     .     4.  S.  Preissii. 


3(50  civ.   photeace.t:.  [Sijnaphea. 

Stigma  prodiiced   into  a  sliort  brnad  notclied  or  2l(ibed  nppcn- 

da£^e.     Leaf-lobesshort,  divaricate,  pungent-pointed.     Flowers 

gjjjall 5.  S.  acutiloba. 

Stignia  with  2  broad  lateral  lobes,  sometimes  shortiy  conlluent. 
Fiowers  siiiall.     Leaf-lobes  long. 

Glabrous  or  iiearly  so •     ^-  S.  petiolaris. 

Base  of  the  petiolc  iiirsute  and  spike  pube.scent  as  in  S.  dila- 

tata 1.  S.  decorticans. 

Stignia  broad  without  lobes  or  appendages.    Leaf-segments  long, 

diistiiict,  aliuost  pctiolulate 8.  S.pimnata. 

1.  S.  polymorpha,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  loG,  P>-od.  370. 
Stems  leitfy,  1  to  2  ft.  high,  rij^id,  usually  more  or  less  silky  especially 
about  the"^  base  of  the  petioles,  the  adult  foliag-e  g-labrous.  Lower 
leaves  on  long  petioles,  entire  or  cuneatoly  3-lobed  as  in  several  of 
the  following  species,  but  the  upper  ones  numerous,  shortly  petiolate, 
once  or  twice  deeply  divided  into  2-  or  3-lobed  or  toothed  segments, 
thc  whole  leaf  spreading  to  2  or  3  in.  diameter,  the  lobes  mostly  pun- 
gent-pointed,  broad  or  narrow,  the  small  reticulations  less  prominent 
than  in  most  species.  Spikes  simple,  pubescent,  rarely  exceeding  the 
leaves.  Perianth  2^  to  3  lines  long.  Stigma  produced  into  an  oblong 
or  linear  entire  or  emarginate  incurved  appendag-e  as  in  S.  Freissii. 
]\ut  obovoid-oblong,  shortly  stipitate. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  529, 
and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  315 ;  S.  bracJ>>/sfachi/a,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App. 
32  ;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  530,  and  in  DC.  l.c.  316. 

W.  Australia.  King  George'8  Soiind  and  adjoining  districts,  li.  Brown  and 
many  others,  aiid  frnm  thence  to  Swan  river,  Bruiiinioiid,  \st  coll.  >i.  590,  Preiss,  n. 
774,  775,  and  others,  aud  to  Murchison  river,  Oldjield;  eastward  to  Cape  Arid, 
Maxwell. 

2.  S.  dilatata,  i?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Li)in.  Soc.  x.  156,  Prod.  370,  a7id 
App.  FUnd.  Yoy.  ii.  606,  t.  7.  Stems  very  sliort  or  decumbent  and 
lengthening  out  to  1  or  even  1|  ft.,  more  or  less  clothed  as  well  as  the 
petioles,  at  least  when  young,  with  long  spreading  hairs.  Leaves  all 
on  long  petioles,  from  cuneate-oblong  and  entire  to  broadly  cuneate 
and  once  or  twice  3-lobed  or  rarely  irregularly  pinnatifid,  the  himina 
2  to  4  in.  long-,  usually  1-  or  3-nerved  when  entire,  the  small  reticula- 
tions  conspicuous.  Spikes  simple  or  branchcd,  sometimes  only  2  or  3 
in.,  sometimes  above  1  ft.  long  inchiding  the  peduncle,  always  more  or 
less  silky-villous.  Flowers  at  first  dense,  but  remote  wlien  the  rhachis 
elongatcs.  Bracts  broad,  1  to  li  lines  h)ng.  Perianth  pubescent,  3 
to  4  Unes  long.  Ovtiry  crowned  by  a  tuft  of  thick  transparent  liairs. 
Stigma  anteriorly  produced  into  2  rather  long  erect  horn-like  appendages. 
Nut  small,  oblong. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  527,  ii.  251,  and  in  I)C. 
Prod.  xiv.  314 ;  EndL  Iconogr.  t.  32 ;  Conospcrmimi  reticnlatu)n.  Sm.  in 
Rees'  CycL  ix. ;   Synaphca  Drn))imondii,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  315. 

VT.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  Menzies,  Baxter, 
Fraser,  Vldfield,  JJrummond,  n.21,  2ndcoU.  n.  303,  drd  coll.  n.  259,  Preiss,  n.llZ,  776. 

3.  S.  favosa,  P.  Br.  in  T>'ans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  156,  Prod.  369.  Stems 
short  or  decumbent,  the  whole  plant  glabrous  or  with  a  short  silky 


Si/naphea.]  civ.   i-noTKACE/i:.  301 

pubescence  at  the  base  of  the  petiolos  and  rarely  a  few  short  hairs  on 
the  spike.  Leaves  on  long-  petioles,  a  few  of  the  outer  ones  entire  but 
•mostly  divided  nearly  to  the  base  into  3  entire  or  2-  or  3-lobed  seg- 
ments,  the  whole  leaf  3  to  10  in.  long-,  including-  the  petiole.  Flower- 
ing-  stems  lealless,  slig-litly  branched,  long-er  than  the  leaves,  the  Howers 
rather  numerous,  and  at  length  distant.  Bracts  small.  Perianth  2 
to  2J  lines  long-.  Stigma  2-horned  but  the  horns  not  so  lono-  as  in 
S.  dUatata.  Nut  ovoid,  contracted  into  a  stipes  nearly  as  long  as  itself. — 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  251,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv,  314. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sonnd,  R.  Broion,  Baxter,  Drummond,  3rd  coll. 
n.  2.o8  ;  heaths  norlh  of  Albany,  F.  Mueller.  Drummoncrs  '2nd  coll.  n.  302,  referred  hy 
Meissner  to  S.  petiolaris,  and  Preiss,  n.  780,  referred  to  S.  decorticans,  have  certainly, 
in  the  specimens  examined,  the  2-horned  stigma  oi  S.  fanosa. 

Var.  divaricdta.  Leaves  shorter,  twice  or  even  three  times  divided  into  divaricate 
lobes.  Fiowering  stems  shorter  and  the  fiowers  ralher  smaller  than  in  tlie  type.  but  in 
the  speciniens  the  infiorescence  is  not  yet  fnlly  developed.  The  stignia  is  2-horned  as 
in  tho  type. — Eyre's  Kelief,  Maxicell,  and  specimens  iVora  King  George's  Sound,  Fraser, 
are  apparently  the  same,  but  not  in  fiower. 

4.  S.  Preissii,  Mdssn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  529,  ii.  251,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  315.  Stems  short  or  decumbent,  quite  glabrous  or  the  dilated 
base  of  the  petioles  very  shortly  silky-pubescent.  Leaves  all  on  long- 
petioles,  the  lower  ones  sometimes  entire  but  mostly  with  long-  divari- 
cate  lobes,  the  whole  leaf  sometimes  1  ft.  long-  and  the  lobes  2  or  3  in., 
obtuse  or  acute.  Flowering-  stems  long  and  lealless,  slig-htly  branched, 
g-labrous.  Perianths  usually  about  2^  lines  long-,  tlie  seg-ments  rather 
narrow.  Stig-ma  produced  anteriorly  into  an  oblong"  truncate  or  emargi- 
nate  appendage,  at  least  as  long-  as  broad  and  incurved.  Nut  ovoid, 
about  2  lines  long-. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  SounJ,  Preiss,  n.  779,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  257, 
Harvey,  Oldjield,  Maxwell ;  Blacliwood  and  Gordon  rivers,  Ohlfield. 

5.  S.  acutiloba,  3feissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  528,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
315.  Stems  short  or  decumbent,  quite  glabrous.  Leaves  all  on  long 
petioles,  mostly  once  twice  or  thrice  ternately  divided  into  short  divari- 
cate  unduhiting-  mostly  pungent-pointed  lobes,  the  whole  lamina  2  to  3 
in.  long-  and  broad  or  sometimes  broader  than  long-.  Plowers  small  as 
in  S.  pctiolaris,  but  not  so  much  incurved.  Stigma  produced  anteriorly 
into  a  short  broad  shortly  2-lobed  appendag-e. 

■W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  589,  Preiss,  n.  111,  782. 
Perhaps  a  variety  of  S.  petiolaris. 

6.  S.  petiolaris,  R.  Br.  in  Tra)is.  lAnn.  Soc.  x.  156,  Prod.  370. 
Stems  short  or  decumbent,  g-hibrous  or  slig'htly  silky  about  the  petioles 
and  sometimes  a  few  short  hairs  on  the  spikes.  Leaves  all  on  long; 
petioles,  mostly  once  or  twice  or  even  three  times  divided  into  spreading' 
lobes,  long-  and  narrow  when  few,  shorter  when  more  divided,  obtuse 
or  with  short  points,  tlie  whole  leaf  including-  the  petiole  from  a  few 
in.  to  above  1  ft.  long-,  the  lowest  leaves  as  in  the  allied  species  usually 
entire.    Flowering-  stems  long-  and  leaHess,  usually  branched,  the  Howers 


362  CIV.    PROTKACEiE.  [Sijnaphca. 

small  and  distant.  Perianth  niore  inciirvcd  tlian  in  otlier  species,  not 
exceeding-  2  lines,  Stig-ma  anteriorly  produced  on  each  side  into  a 
broad  semicircular  auricle  or  short  hroad  lobe.  Nut  ovoid,  about  2  Hnes 
long-. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  528,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  315, 

MT,  Australia,  King  George's  Sound  aiid  adjoining  districts,  R.  Brown,  Baxter, 
A.  Cunningham,  Preiss,  n.  781,  Drummond,  Oldjidd,  F.  Mueller. 

Var.  gracillima.  Leafsegnients  l^ng  and  narrow.  Flowers  very  small  and  more 
curved  in  slender  spikes — 8.  gracillima,  Liiidl.  Swan  Riv.  App  32;  Meissn.  in  DCJ. 
Prod.  xiv.  315. — Swan  river,  JJrummond,  \st  coU.  n.  588,  and  a  still  more  slender  elon- 
gated  form,  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

7.  S.  decorticans,  Lindl.  S/ran  Biv.  App.  32.  Stems  short  or  de- 
cumbent,  liirsute  as  well  as  the  petioles  with  spreading-  hairs  as  in 
S.  dilatata,  or  rarelj  nearly  g-labrous.  Leaves  also  as  in  that  species 
cuneate,  undulate,  once  or  twice  3-lobed  at  the  end,  3  to  4  in.  long* 
including-  tlie  petioles.  Flowering-  ])ranches  long-  and  slender,  perianths 
scarcely  2  lines  long-  and  stigma  with  sliort  hiteral  rounded  lobes  as  in 
S.  pctialari.^,  without  the  horns  of  S.  dilutata. — ^leissn.  in  DC.  Prod, 
xiv.  314,  parth'. 

TV.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Drummond,    \st  coll. 

8,  S.  pinnata,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  32.  Leafy  stems  in  our  speci- 
mens  excecdingiy  short  or  scarcely  any,  the  whole  plant  quite  giabrous 
and  somewhat  giaucous  or  the  spike  sligiitly  pubescent.  Leaves 
radical,  on  long-  petioles,  divided  at  the  end  into  3  digitate  segments,  or 
rarefy  pinnate  with  5  seg-ments,  the  lowest  pair  distant,  the  seg-ments 
all  contracted  at  the  base,  cjuite  distinct,  lanceolate,  acute,  1|  to  3  in, 
long-,  entire  or  divided  into  3  more  or  less  ck^current  or  conlluent  seg"- 
ments,  the  first  leaves  sometimes  undivided.  Flowering-  stems  leatless, 
slender,  often  above  1  ft.  long",  with  a  few  long-  branches.  Flowers 
not  numerous,  towards  the  end  of  the  branches,  a  few  of  the  lower  ones 
distant.  Bracts  1  to  2  lines  long-,  broad,  acute,  Perianth  nearfy  3 
lines  long-,  the  chiws  very  oblique  and  at  least  as  long-  as  the  laminoe, 
and  the  uj)per  lamina  not  so  broad  as  in  the  other  species,  Stig-ma 
broad,  concave,  without  lobes  or  appendages, — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i, 
630,  and  in  DC.  Prod,  xiv,  316, 

W,  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.,  Freiss,  n.  783  {Meissner).  I 
Lavc  only  seen  Drummond's  specimens. 


6,   CONOSPERMUM,  Sm. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite,  Perianth-tube  straig-ht,  entire  ;  limb  of  4 
nearly  erjual  spreading-  lobes  or  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  very  broad,  con- 
cave,  sliortly  acuminate  or  with  recurved  marg-ins,  the  lower  with  3 
narrow  lobes,  Stamens  inserted  in  the  gibbous  apex  of  the  tube  or 
concave  base  of  the  limb  ;  fihaments  short,  thick  ;  anther  of  the  upper- 
most  stamen  with  2  perfect  cells,  of  the  hiteral  stamens  Avith  1  perfect 
and  1  abortive  cells,  of  the  lowest  stamen  with  2  abortive  cells,  the 


Conospcniium.]  Civ.    pnoTEACEiE.  8G3 

perfect  cells  stipitate  ereot  concave,  eacli  one  of  the  luteral  antliers 
when  in  bud  fuciny  tlie  atljoining"  one  of  the  upper  anther  and  forming' 
Avith  it  but  one  cell,  but  separating-  as  the  Hower  opens,  the  abortive 
cells  usually  subuhite.  Ovary  obconical,  crowned  by  a  tuft  of  long' 
hairs,  1-celled  with  1  pondulous  orthotropous  ovule.  Style  hHform  at 
the  base,  more  or  less  thickened  and  curved  on  a  level  with  the  anthers 
and  terminating'  in  an  oblong'  or  narrow  beak  with  a  hiteral  stigma 
close  to  the  end  ehistically  turned  down  towards  the  lower  lobe  of  the 
perianth  as  the  limb  expands.  Fruit  a  small  indehiscent  turbinate  or 
obconical  nut,  the  apex  broad  flat  or  concave,  covered  with  a  coma  of 
usualh'  long-  hairs,  the  sides  villous  with  shorter  hairs. — Shrubs  or 
xmdershrubs.  Leaves  quite  entire.  Flowers  blue  lilac  pink  or  white 
(not  yellow),  in  short  dense  spikes,  which  are  either  sessile  in  dense 
compound  heads,  or  soHtary  on  axillary  peduncles  or  variously  pani- 
cuLite  on  axiHary  or  terminal  peduncles,  each  flower  sessile  within  a 
broad  sheathing-  persistent  bract,  the  rhachis  of  the  spike  often  some- 
what  leng'thened  and  thickened  as  the  flowering-  advances. 

The  geniis  is  limitecl  to  Australia,  and  the  greater  number  of  species  to  extratropical 
W.  Australia.  Among  the  Eastern  species,  the  most  common  one  extends  to  within 
the  tropics.  The  anthers,  stjle,  ovary  and  fruit  are  remarkabiy  uniform  in  the  whole 
genus,  and  are  thercfore  not  mentioned  in  the  following  descriptions,  although  they 
have  been  examined  in  every  species  of  which  the  specimens  were  sufficient. 

Sect.  1.  Isomerum. — Perianth-lohes  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  tube,  nearly 
equal  and  spreading,  the  caoity  in  which  the  anthcrs  are  placed  forming  the  summit  o/ 
the  tube  and  rather  more  gibhous  on  the  upper  side. 

Spikes  in  a  dense  compound   head,  sessile  at  the  base  of  very 

long  leaves  terminating  a  dwarf  stem.     Ferianth  vilious. 
Leaves  linear.     Perianth-iobes  about  as  long  as  the  tube    .     .     1.   C.  capitatum. 
Leaves  linearlanceolate.  Perianth-lobes  much  longer  than  the 

tube 2.   C.  petiolare. 

Spikes  in  leafless  panicles.  Leaves  only  at  the  base  of  the  stera. 

Perianth  glabrous. 
Leaves  terete,    rush-Iike.      Spikes  in  a  compact  corymbose 

panicle.     Perianth  3  in.  long 3.   C.  teretifolium. 

Leaves  flat,  linear  or  lanceolate.      Spikes  or  heads  in  an  intri- 

cately  branched  divaricate  flexuose  panicle.     Perianth  \  in. 

long 4.   C.flexuosum. 

Sect.  2.  Euconospermum. — Perianth-limh  2-lipped,  as  long  as  or  shorter  than 
the  tube,  the  upper  lip  very  broad,  concave  over  the  anthers,  the  lower  with  3  narrow 
lobes. 

Flowers  glabrous  or  pubescent,  not  woolly. 

Stems   leafy   to   the   inflorescence.      Spikes   not   corymbose. 
Westem  species. 
Peduncles  all  axillary,  short  and  single-spiked. 

Leaves  1  to  2  in.  long,  terete,  rigid  and  pungent-pointed. 

Perianth  white,  lobes  as  long  as  the  tube 5.   C.  acerosum. 

Leaves  under  |  in.  long,  linear-terete,  not  pungent.     Pe- 

rianth  blue,  lobes  short 6.    C.  amccnvm. 

Peduncles   terminal,  or  if  in    the  upper  axils   leafy  at  the 
base,  single-spiked  and  sliort. 

Leaves  flat,  oblong 7.    C.  ncrvosum. 

Leaves  linear-terete,  gi'ooved  above 8.   C.  diffusum. 


364  civ.   pnoTEACE.E.  [Conospermum. 

Pedunclcs  tcrniiniil  aml  axillarv,  usually  leafy  at  tlie  base, 
slender,  ^iniple  or  branclied.     Bracts  large  and  coloured, 

concealing  the  very  small  perianth 9.   (7.  glumaceum. 

Stems  leafy  at  the   1-ase  only,  with  long  terminal   simple  or 
paniculate  leafless   peJunclcs.     Western  species  (except 
C.  lovgifilium). 
Spikes  several,  sessile  along  the  simple  peduncle. 

Leaves  lerete  and  rush  liice 10.    C.  ephedroides. 

Spikes  numerons   and   sniall,    in   a  hirge  leafless  panicle. 

Leaves  almost  filiform IL   C. polycephalum. 

Spikes  not  numerous,  in  a  loose  panicle.    Stems  decumbcnt. 

Leaves  oblong  or  oblanceolate 12.   6'.  cceruleum. 

Leaves  narrow4anceolate  or  linoar 13.    C.  debile. 

Spikes  single  at  the  end  of  a  long  leafless  peduncle. 

Leaves  oWanceoiate,  hirsute,  with  long  spreading  halrs  .    14.    C.  seaposum. 

Leaves  naiTow-linear  or  subuhvte,  glabrous 15.   C.  Huegdii. 

Leavescrowded,  filiform,  hirsute  witlilongspreadinghairs  16.   C.  densijiorum. 
Spikes  several  in  a  conipact  corymbose  panicle  at  the  end 
of  tlie  long  ieafliss  pcduncle. 
Leaves  crowded,  filiform,  hirsute  with  long  spreadinghairs  16.   C.  densijlorum. 
Leaves  cuneate   lanceolate  or  obovateoblong,   glabrous, 

under  2  in.  loiig 17.    C.  Broicnii. 

Leaves  lanceolate  oblong-lanceolate  or  linear,  3  to  6  in. 

long 18.   C  loiigifolium. 

Stems  leafy  to  the  inflorescence.     reduncies  several,  terminal 
or  in  the  upper  axils,  eacli  with  several  spikes,  forming  a 
corymbose  panicle.     Eastern  species. 
Periantlilimb  about  as  long  as  the  tube. 

Leaves  very  narrow,  3  to  6  in.  long.     Inflorescence  loose  19.   C.  tenuifolium. 
Leaves  rigidly  linear,  crowded,  erect,  2  to  3  in.  long.  Li- 

florescence  compact 20.    C.  Mitchellii. 

Periantli-limb  not  above  half  as  long  as  the  tube. 

Leaves  rigidly  linear,  crowded,  erect,  2  to  3  in.  long    .     .  21.    C.  sphacelatum. 
Leaves   crowded,  under  1  in.  long  (except  in  one  var.  of 
C.  taxifolium). 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  very  spreading    .     .  22.   C.paiens. 
Leaves    linear    linear-oblong  or    lanceolate,   erect  or 

slightly  spreading 23.   C  taxifolium. 

Leaves  very  narrow-Iinear 24.    C  ericifolium. 

Leaves  elliptical  or  oblong-cunoate 25.   C.  elUpticum. 

Flowers  very  densely  woollj^-villous  except  tlie  minute  upper  lip. 
Leaves  terete  or  semiterete. 

Spikes  simple  in  the  npper  axils.   Leaves  subulate,  crowded. 

Leaves  14  to  3  in.  long 26.    C.  distichum. 

I^eaves  under  J  in.  long,  very  spreading  and  incurved      .  27.   C.jioribundam. 
Spikes  racemose  or  paniculate  on  a  terminal  peduncle. 
Leaves  slender,  crowded,  spreading,  incurved,  4  to  |  in. 

long 28.   C.  incurvum 

Leaves  slender,  crowded,  14  to  3  in.  long 29.   C.brachyphyllum. 

Leaves  rigid,  terete  or  semiterete  and  channelled,  3  to  6 

in.  long  or  more 30.    C  stcrchadis. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  3nerved.     Spikes  pnniculate 31.    C.triplinervium. 

Flowering  spikcs  very  densely  villous  with  long  spreading  silky 
liaiis.     Lobes  of  the  perianth  as  long  as  the  tube. 
Leaves  at  the  base  of  thc   stem  petiolate,  obovate,  3  nerved. 
Stem-leayes   short,   ovate,    stem-clasping.      Spikes   in   the 

upper  axiis  flexuose 32.   C.  bracteosum. 

Leayes  at  tlie  base  of  the  stem  very  long,  with  a  prominent 
midrib.  Scapes  lcafless,  with  a  large  dense  corymbose 
panicle 33.   C.  crassinervium. 


Coiiospcrnium.\  Civ.   piioteace.^e.  365 

Sect.  1.  Isomerum,  R.  Br. — Periantli-lobes  as  long-  as  or  long-er 
than  the  tube,  all  nearly  equal,  linear  and  spreading",  the  cavity  in  which 
the  anthers  are  phiced  forming-  rather  the  surnmit  of  the  tube  than  the 
base  of  the  lobes,  and  rather  more  g-ibbous  on  the  upper  or  posterior 
side. 

R.  Brown  restricted  the  section  Isomerum  to  tlie  G.  flexuosam,  and  united  the  three 
other  species  under  Chilurus,  characterized  by  the  longer  aiul  niore  slcndcr  perianth- 
lobes.  It  appears  to  me,  however,  that  C  teretifolium  is  much  more  renioved  in  habit 
inflorescence  and  perianth  from  C.  capitatum  aiul  C  i^etiiilare,  than  trom  C  flexuosum, 
and  that  tlie  four  species  make  one  well-markeJ  sectiou  which  if  brokeu  up  at  all,  must 
be  divided  into  three. 

1.  C.  capitatum,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  155,  Prod.  369.  A 
dwarf  shrub  or  undershrub,  resembling-  at  first  sight  Isopoffon  attenuatiis. 
Stems  ver}^  short  aud  woody.  Leaves  crowded,  linear,  ilexuose  but 
rig'id,  6  in.  to  1  ft.  long-,  with  nerve-Hke  margins,  contracted  iuto  a 
siender  petiole.  Flowers  sessile  among-st  the  leaves,  in  dense  terminal 
compound  heads  of  h  to  1  in.  diameter,  with  numerous  imbricate  broadly 
lanceolate  acute  bracts,  bhick  when  dry,  the  common  rhaehis  thick  and 
conical,  the  partial  ones  silky-pubescent,  lengthening-  out  to  from  \  to 
I  in.  Perianth  slig-htly  pubescent,  about  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  contracted 
abbve  the  middle,  nearly  equally  dihited  at  the  top  round  the  anthers 
or  rather  more  g'ibbous  on  the  upper  side,  slightly  contracted  over  the 
anthers  by  the  thickened  base  of  tlie  himince,  which  are  all  equal,  linear- 
subulate  and  as  long-  as  the  tube.  Style  much  thickened  on  a  level 
with  the  anthers. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  526,  ii.  251,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  324:. 

TV.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  R.  Brown,  Drum- 
mond,  3rd  coll.  n.  251,  Freiss,  n.  759,  760,  and  others. 

2.  C.  petiolare,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  11.  A  dwarf  shrub  or  under- 
shrub  with  the  habit  and  inflorescence  of  C.  capitatum.  Stems  woody, 
sometimes  very  short,  sometimes  proliferous  and  6  to  8  in.  higii. 
Leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  oblong--lanceoIate,  often  hooked  at  the  end, 
contracted  into  a  long-  petiole,  coriaceous,  with  more  or  less  prominent 
nerve-like  margins,  6  in.  to  1  ft.  long-  or  a  few  of  the  outer  ones  short 
and  broad.  Flower-heads  compound,  terminal  and  sessile  among-st  the 
leaves,  larg-er  than  in  C.  capitatum,  but  with  similar  imbricate  bracts. 
Perianth  villous,  the  tube  j  to  |  in.  long-,  very  gibbous  at  the  top  over 
the  anthers  especially  on  the  upper  side,  the  laminne  all  equal,  almost 
filiform,  about  1  in.  long-. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  525,  ii.  250,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  521. 

"W.  Australia.  King  George'3  Souud,  Baxter,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  250, 
Preiss,  n.  Ibl,  F.  Jlueller. 

3.  C.  teretifolium,  i?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  155,  Prod.  369. 
A  g-labrous  erect  uudershrub,  attaining-  2  ft.  or  rather  more.  Leaves 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  stem  terete,  rigid,  rush-like,  often  6  in.  to  1  ft. 
long-.  Upper  part  of  the  plant  leafless  forming-  a  terminal  corymbose 
panicle,  with  numerous  flowers  in  short  spikes  at  the  ends   of  the 


366  civ.    PROTEACE^.  [Conospcnuian. 

branches,  tlie  leaves  all  reduced  to  sniall  scales.  Bracts  broadh'  sheatb- 
ing-,  truncate,  about  li  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous,  the  tube  about 
4  lines  long-,  sHghtly  g-ibbous  at  the  tup  on  the  upper  side ;  laminee 
narrow-Hnear,  (5  to  7  lines  long-,  all  equal  and  slightly  thickened  inside 
along-  the  ceutre. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  ^y2o,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
324 ;  Endl.  Iconog-r.  t.  46. 

"W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  li.  Brown,  A.  Cunningham,  Drummond, 
2nd  coll.  n.  311,  Freins,  n.  785,  aud  many  others ;  E.  Mount  Barrcn,  Jlaxwell. 

4.  C.  flexuosum,  F.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  11.  An  undershrub  attaining 
3  or  4  fr.  (Old/icld),  the  g-reater  part  occupied  by  a  broad  leafless 
panicle,  with  nunierous  intricately  divaricate  very  flexuose  prominently 
ang-led  branches.  Leaves  radical  or  at  the  base  of  the  stem,  long*- 
lanceolate,  obtuse  or  with  a  callous  point,  narrowed  into  a  long-  petiole, 
rather  rig-id,  with  prominent  margins,  6  in.  to  nearly  1  ft.  long-  including' 
the  petiole.  Flowers  small,  whitish,  quite  g-labrous,  in  little  spikes  or 
heads  of  2  to  6  at  the  ends  of  the  branchlets.  Bracts  sheathing-,  ob- 
tuse,  nearly  as  long'  as  the  perianth-tube.  Perianth-tube  about  1  line 
long-,  g-ibbous  over  the  anthers  on  the  upper  side ;  himinte  all  equal, 
spreading-,  narrow-oblong-,  1|  to  2  lines  long-,  thickened  inside  alojig 
the  centre. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  526,  ii.  251,  and  in  DC.  Prod, 
xiv.  324. 

"W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  .ind  adjoining  districts,  Baxter,  Drum- 
mond,  2vd  coll.  n.  309,  310,  bth  coll.  n.  402,  Preiss,  n.  753,  Oldfield,  F.  Muelkr  ;  Cape 
Naturaliste  and  Vasse  river,  Oldfield. 

Sect.  2.  EucoNOSPERMUM. — Perianth-limb  2-lipped,  as  long-  as  or 
shorter  than  the  tube,  the  upper  lip  very  broad,  concave  over  the 
anthers,  the  end  and  marg-ins  more  or  less  flat  and  erect  or  recurved, 
lower  lip  more  or  less  deeply  divided  into  3  narrow  lobes,  often 
thickened  along-  the  centre. 

5.  C.  acerosum,  Lindl.  Swan  Biv.  App.  30.  An  erect  rigid  g"labrous 
shrub,  attaining-  3  or  4  ft.  Leaves  terete,  rigid,  acute  and  often 
pung'cnt-pointed,  mostly  1  to  2  in.  long'.  Flowers  in  axiUary  pedun- 
cuhite  spikes  much  shorter  than  the  leaves,  or  the  upper  spikes  crowded, 
long-er,  and  on  long'er  peduncles  so  as  almost  to  conceal  the  shorter 
leaves.  Bracts  broad,  sheathing",  half  as  long'  as  the  perianth-tube. 
Perianth  glabrous,  about  4  lines  long-,  the  lobes  aboiit  as  long-  as  tlie 
tube,  the  upper  one  broad  and  gibbous  at  the  base  over  tlie  anthers,  the 
lower  ones  shortly  united  in  a  lower  lip. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  522, 
and  in  DC.  Prod.'  xiv.  318. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  colL,  Preiss,  n.  786  ;  bctween  Moore 
aml  l\lMrcliisun  rivers,  Drummond,  6th  coU.  n.  174;  Murray  and  Murchison  rivers, 
Oldfield. 

6.  C.  amoemun,  Mcism.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  i.  522,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
318.  An  erect  or  spreading-  shrub  of  1  or  2  ft.,  the  branches  and  in- 
florescence   usually   hoary-pubescent,   the    foliag-e    g-labrous.     Leaves 


Conospernium.]  Civ.    proteace^,  367 

numerous,  linear-terete,  mostly  acute  but  not  pung-ent,  ^  to  |-  in.  or 
rarely  |  in.  long'.  Flowers  in  axillary  spikes,  usually  few  in  the  spike 
but  the  spikes  crowded  in  the  upper  ])art  ot"  the  branches  and  often 
exceeding-  the  leaves,  the  rhacliis  and  bracts  minutely  or  densely  pu- 
bescent.  Bracts  broad,  sheathin"',  coloured,  more  than  half  as  long-  as 
the  perianth-tube.  Perianth  3  to  Sh  lines  long-,  retaining-  the  blue 
colour  when  dry,  nearly  g-hibrous  or  hoary-tomentose  but  never  woolly 
as  in  C.  distichum  and  its  allies,  the  concave  upper  Hp  as  broad  as  the 
three  lobes  of  the  lower  lip. — C.  carulescens,  F.  Muell.  Frag'm.  i.  157. 

VT.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  Milne;  Kalgan  river  and  Cooginup,  Old- 
jield ;  Swim  river,  Drununond,  ist  coll.  n.  583,  Freiss,  7i.  745  ;  Sait  river  and  Cape 
Knob,  Jlaxwell. 

7.  C.  nervosum,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kem  Journ.  vii.  71,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  321.  Stems  leafy,  simple  at  the  base,  paniculately  branched  in 
the  upper  part  and  minutely  hoary-tomentose.  Leaves  oblong-,  obtuse 
or  with  a  small  recurved  point,  the  lower  ones  several  in.  long'  and 
contracted  into  a  rather  long-  petiole,  the  others  nearly  sessile  and 
mostly  under  1  in.  long-,  all  rig-id,  veined  and  with  an  intramarg-inal 
nerve  conspicuous  on  tlie  under  side.  Spikes  short,  nearly  g-lobuUir, 
shortly  peduncuhite  in  the  upper  axils  and  shorter  than  or  scarcely  ex- 
ceeding-  the  leaves.  Bracts  broad,  acuminate,  shorter  than  the  perianth- 
tube,  shortly  ciliate  and  sparing'ly  pubescent  as  well  as  the  rhachis. 
Perianth  about  3i  lines  long-,  the  tube  sHg-litly  pubescent,  the  limb  as 
long-  as  the  tube,  the  upper  seg'ment  or  lip  concave  with  recurved 
marg-ins,  the  lower  about  as  long-  and  shortly  3-lobed. 

W.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drummond,  fith  coll.  n. 
175.  The  two  varieties  meutioned  in  the  Prodromus  may  both  be  found  on  one  spe- 
cimen. 

8.  C.  difFusum,  Benth.  A  much-branched  spreading'  or  diiFuse 
shrub,  g']abrous  or  the  branches  minutely  hoary-tomentose.  Leaves 
Hnear,  terete,  g-rooved  above,  obtuse  or  with  a  small  recurved  point, 
mostly  about  1  in.  long-.  Spikes  nearly  g-lobular,  shortly  pedunculate 
in  the  uj^per  axils  or  terminating'  short  axiUary  branches  and  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Bracts  g-labrous  or  minutely  ciHate,  very  broadly 
sheathing-,  shortly  acuminate.  Perianth  blue,  about  3  Hnes  long-,  gia- 
brous,  the  Hmb  as  long-  as  the  tube,  the  upper  seg"ment  or  Hp  concave 
with  recurved  margins  and  the  lower  Hp  very  shortly  3-lobed,  as  in 
C.  ncrvosum. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond. 

9.  C.  glumaceum,  Lindl.  Sivan  Riv.  App.  30.  A  shrub  or  under- 
shrub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  quite  giabrous.  Leaves  crowded,  Hnear  or  Hnear- 
lanceohite,  acute  or  with  a  caHous  point,  with  nerve-Hke  margins,  | 
to  Ih  in.  long-.  Peduncles  very  numerous  terminating-  short  axiUary 
branchlets,  slender,  simple  or  branched,  4  in.  to  above  1  ft-.  long",  form- 
ing"  a  larg-e  leafy  panicle.  Spikes  terminating-  the  peduncles  or  branches, 
remarkable  for  the  thin  coloured  broadly  lanceolate  acute  bracts,  3  to  5 


308  Civ.    PUOTEACEJE.  [Conospcrmun. 

lines  long-,  and  concealinfr  the  snuill  ilowcrs.  Khacliis  slig-htly  hirsute. 
Perianth  g-hibrous,  about  li  lines  long-,  on  a  very  short  pedicel  adnate 
to  the  base  of  the  bract,  the  tube  obliquely  obovate,  the  upper  lip  very 
broad  and  concave,  much  shorter  than  the  tube,  the  lower  lip  as  long 
as  the  tube,  deeply  and  narrowly  3-lobed.  Coma  of  the  nut  short. — 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  249,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  323 ;  C.  lupnlinim, 
Endl.  Gen.  Pl.  Suppl.  iv.  80;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  249. 
W.  Australia.     Swau  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  bQb,  Preiss,  n.  855. 

10.  C.  ephedroides,  Kipp. ;  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kem  Journ.  vii.  70,  and 
in  DC.  Drod.  xiv.  323.  An  undershrub  with  erect  rushlike  stems  of  1 
to  2  ft.,  sliglitly  branched  and  minutely  hoary-silky.  Leaves  in  the 
lower  part  only,  terete,  rush-like,  rather  thick,  2  to  6  in.  long-,  the 
up})er  ones  all  reduced  to  small  scak^s.  Flowers  small,  in  short  spikes 
sessile  and  distant  along-  the  upper  part  of  the  stems.  Bracts  broadly 
ovate,  acuminate,  hirsute  at  the  base,  as  long-  as  the  perianth-tube. 
Perianth-tube  hiisute,  cylindrical,  a  Httle  above  1  line  long-,  the  limb 
g-hdjrous,  2  lines  h)ng-,  the  upper  lip  very  broad,  concave,  obtuse,  the 
lower  of  3  narrow  convex  lobes. 

^V.  Australia.  Between  Swan  river  and  King  George's  Sound,  Gillert,  Drum- 
mond,  n.  25. 

11.  C.  polycephalum,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  249,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  323.  An  undershrub  or  slirub  of  2  to  3  ft.,  g-kibrous  except  the 
spikes.  Leaves  in  the  lower  part  of  the  stem  or  branches  terete,  ahnost 
flHform,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  or  here  and  there  still  long-er.  Spikes 
niimerous,  almost  globuhir,  in  a  long-  leafless  much-branched  panicle 
often  exceeding-  1  ft.  Bracts  broad,  truncate  with  a  small  point,  shorter 
than  the  perianth-tube,  more  or  less  pubescent  or  hirsute  in  the  typical 
form  as  well  as  the  rhachis  of  the  spike.  Perianth  blue,  about  3  lines 
long'  or  rather  more,  the  tube  minutely  and  sparing-ly  pubescent,  the 
limb  g-labrous,  the  up])er  lip  broad  and  concave,  about  as  long-  as  the 
tube,  the  lower  hp  with  narrow  lobes  scarcely  exceeding-  the  upper  lip. 

^V.  Australia.  Dnimmond,  2nd  coll.  n.  305.  Some  specimens  in  young  bud 
from  Dailing  range  and  Caiining  river,  Oldjield,  may  also  possibly  belong  to  the  sanic 
species. 

Var.  leianlhum.     Spikesquite  glabrous. — Stokes  Inlct  and  Esperauce  Bay,  Maxwell. 

12.  C.  caeruleum,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  154,  Prod.  3G9.  An 
undershrub  with  a  thick  woody  base  and  decumbent  or  ascending- 
flowering-  stems  of  1  to  1|  ft.  Leaves  at  the  base  of  the  stems  oblong- 
or  oblong--lanceolate,  2  to  6  in.  long*  and  contracted  into  a  petiole  at 
least  as  long-  in  the  typical  form,  sliglitly  veined,  with  an  intramarginal 
or  almost  marginal  nerve  conspicuous  underneath  ;  there  are  also  some- 
times  a  few  smaller  narrower  leaves  below  the  middle  of  the  stem,  the 
greater  part  of  which  is  a  long-  narrow  leafless  panicle  with  few  branches, 
each  bearing-  a  sliort  ovoid  or  oblong"  spike  of  deep  blue  flowers,  the 
rhachis  and  bracts  white  with  a  silky  wool.  Bracts  broad,  with  a  gla- 
brous  poiut  as  long  as  or  rather  long-er  than  the  perianth-tube.     Peri- 


Conosjjermum.]  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  369 

anth  3  to  4  lines  long",  the  tube  slig-htly  hirsute,  the  lips  nearly  glabrous, 
long-er  than  the  tube.  Apex  of  the  nut  vory  broad  and  concave. — 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  520,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  822. 

Vl^.  Australia.  King  George's  Sounil,  H.  Brown,  A.  Cunningham,  Preiss,  n.  734, 
Drummond,  Oldfield,  F.  Alueller. 

Var.  marginatum.  Leaves  much  snialler  and  more  numerous,  the  lower  ones  2  to  3 
in.  long  inchuling  the  long  petiole.  Spikes  few,  much  less  wooUy  or  nearly  glabrous. — 
C.  viarginatum,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  248,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  323. — W.  Au3- 
tralia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  306  ;  Vasse  river,  Oldjield. 

Var.  spathulatum.  Leaves  still  more  numerous  and  smaller,  oblong-spathulate, 
mostly  under  1  in.  including  the  short  petiole.  Spikes  woolly  as  in  the  typical  form. — 
Between  King  George's  Sound  and  Swan  river,  Harvey. 

13.  C  debile,  Kipp. ,-  Mdssn.  in  Hook.  Kem  Journ.  vii.  70,  and  in  DG. 
Prod.  xiv.  322.  Stems  slender,  decumbent  or  procumbent,  1  ft.  long'  or 
more,  g'labrous  as  well  as  the  foliag-e.  Lower  leaves  on  long-  petioles, 
linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  those  along-  the  stems  not  numerous,  narrow- 
linear  and  sessile,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Panicle  terminal,  loose,  but  slig-htly 
branched,  with  short  spikes  and  flowers  similar  to  those  of  C.  cceruleum 
or  rather  smaller. 

W.  Australia.  Gilbert,  n.  164,  Drummond.  Possibly  an  extreme  form  of  G. 
cceruleum. 

14.  C.  scaposum,  Benth.  Apparently  herbaceous,  the  petioles  and 
lower  part  of  the  stems  hirsute  with  long-  fine  spreading*  hairs,  the  older 
leaves  nearly  glabrous.  Leaves  radical  or  at  tlie  base  of  the  stems,  ^ 
to  1|  in.  long-  and  contracted  into  a  petiole  about  as  long-,  lanceolate, 
with  a  callous  point  and  thickened  nerve-like  margins.  Scapes  or 
flowering-  stems  simple  or  slig-htly  branched,  ^  to  IJ  ft.  hig'h,  with  a 
sing'le  small  nearly  giobular  hirsute  spike  terminating-  each  branch. 
Bracts  broad,  acimiinate,  ciliate,  long-er  than  tlie  perianth-tube.  Pe- 
rianth  hirsute  with  ratlier  long-  hairs,  about  2|  lines  long-,  the  limb 
rather  long-er  than  the  tube,  the  upper  lip  broad  and  concave,  the  lower 
with  three  narrow  lobes. 

\ir.  Australia.     Between  Swan  river  and  King  George's  Sound,  Drummond. 

15.  C.  Huegelii,  R.  Br.  in  Endl.  Nov.  Stirp.  Dec.  58.  An  under- 
shrub  with  the  leafy  part  of  the  stem  very  short,  g-labrous  except  the 
spike.  Leaves  crowded,  narrow-linear,  from  almost  subulate  and  1  to 
2  in.  long-  to  6  or  8  in.  long*  and  1  line  broad.  Peduncles  erect,  simple, 
leafless,  often  above  1  ft.  long-,  bearing-  a  singie  terminal  ovoid  or  oblong- 
spike  of  blue  flowers.  Bracts  ovate,  acuminate,  villous  at  the  base  as 
well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  giabrous,  about  3^  lines  long",  the  limb 
2-lipped,  shorter  than  the  tube. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  521,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  323. 

W.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Huegel,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  584,  Preiss,  n.  1Z5. 

16.  C.  densiflorum,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  32.  An  undershrub, 
woody  branched  and  leafy  at  the  base,  the  stems  and  foliag-e  hirsute 
with  long-  fine  spreading"  hairs.     Leaves  densely  crowded  in  the  lower 

VOL.  V.  B  B 


370  Civ.   PROTEACE^.  [Cmospcrmum. 

part  of  the  stem,  filiform,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Peduncles  leafless,  erect, 
above  1  ft.  long-,  simple  with  a  single  terminal  spike  or  hcaring-  a  com- 
pact  terminal  corymh  of  8  or  4  spikes,  all  short  dense  glohuhir  or  ovoid 
and  hirsute.  Bracts  acuminate,  hirsute  with  long-  hairs.  Perianth 
ahout  5  lines  long-,  the  tuhe  shortlv  and  sparing-ly  hirsute,  the  limb 
g-labrous,  shorter  than  the  tube,  the  very  broad  concave  upper  Up 
shorter  than  the  narrow  lobes  of  the  lower  lip. — Meissn.  in.  Pl.  Preiss. 
i.  521,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  324. 

\ir.  Australia.  Swan  rivcr,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  582,  Preiss,  n.  2301,  b.  (I 
have  only  seen  DiummonJ's  specimens.) 

17.  C.  Brownii,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  248,  aticl  in  JDC.  Prod.  xiv. 
324.  Flowering-  stcms  apparently  simple,  leafy  in  the  lower  part,  g-la- 
brous  and  g-hiucous  as  well  as  the  foHage.  Leaves  lanceohite  cuneate 
or  obovate-oblong',  ahnost  acute,  l^  to  2  in.  long-,  contracted  into  a 
short  petiole  dilated  at  the  base,  rigid,  3-nerved.  Peduncle  terminal, 
6  in.  to  1  ft.  long-,  leafless  and  simple  except  at  the  top,  where  it  bears 
a  short  compact  corymbose  piinicie  of  numerous  small  spikes  quite 
glabrous.  Bracts  sliort,  broad,  obtuse,  of  a  deep  bbie,  the  upper  ones 
imbricate.  Perianth  g'labrous,  the  tube  fully  4  lines  long',  tiie  upper 
lip  broad,  concave,  about  1  line  long-,  the  lower  one  rather  longer  and 
3-lobed. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  SO-i. 

18.  C.  longifolium,  Sm.  Exot.  Bot.  ii.  45,  t.  82.  A  shrub  or  under- 
shrub,  giabrous  except  the  inflorescence  or  the  branches  tomentose. 
Leaves  in  the  typical  form  lanceolate  or  oblong--lanceolate,  acute,  3  to  6 
in.  long"  and  narrowed  into  a  lon^  petiole,  veined  and  wath  nerve-like 
margins.  Peduncles  terminal  or  terminating-  short  branchlets  in  the 
upper  axils,  often  1  ft.  long-,  branched  towards  tlie  end  into  a  compact 
corymbose  panicle.  Spikes  at  tirst  short  and  capitate  but  lengthening;' 
to  1  in.  or  more,  the  rhachis  silky-tomentose.  Bracts  short,  acuminate. 
Perianth  usually  pubescent,  about  4  lines  long-^  the  tube  at  loast  twice 
as  long-  as  the  limb,  the  upper  lip  short  broad  and  concave,  the  lower 
somewhat  longer  with  rather  broad  lobes. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc. 
X.  154,  Prod.  369;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  321;  C.  Snithii,  Pers. 
Syn.  i.  116. 

XV.  S.  TVales.     Port  Jackson,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  41,  and  others. 

Var.  anfju.-.tifolium,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  10.  Leaves  all  narmw-linear,  tlie  peduncles 
not  usually  so  long  as  iii  tlie  typical  fiirni,  but  tlie  two  fornis,  tliough  at  first  si  jht  very 
dislinci,  are  conneited  liy  nunierous  intermidiatcs. —  C.  tevulfolium,  Sieb.  1'1.  Exs.  not 
of  K.  Br.  ;  C.  commutatum,  III  em.  and  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Mant.  275. — Port  Jaclcson,  R. 
BrotvK,  Sieler,  n.  4U,  and  otlieis. 

C.  aciiiacljolium,  Grah.  in  Edinb.  Philos.  Journ.  1826,  171,  Me'ssn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  320,  raised  trom  Fra.ser's  seeds,  wmiM  Mpjiear  from  the  detailed  description  given, 
to  be  the  sanic  narrow-leaved  vaiiety  of  C.  longi/olium. 

19.  C.  tenuifolium,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  154,  Prod.  369. 
Stems  from  a  woody  base  procumbent  ascending-  or  erect,  often  above 
1  ft.  long,  usually  giabrous.     Leaves  numerous,  very  narrow  linear  or 


Conospermum.^  civ.  proteace^.  371 

almost  terete,  gTooved  above,  mostly  witli  an  incurved  point,  3  to  6  in. 
lono-  or  sometimes  mucli  long'er.  Peduncles  terminal  and  in  the  upper 
axils,  slender,  nlmost  filifoini,  mostly  about  6  in.  long',  bearing'  each 
about  2  to  6  shortly  pedunculate  spikes  ot"  smtdl  Howers,  forming'  a  ter- 
minal  corymb.  Biacts  broad,  shortly  acuminate,  nearly  as  long  as  the 
perianth-tube.  Perianth  "  lihTc,"  pubescent,  about  2  Hnes  long',  the 
limb  as  long-  as  the  tube  or  rather  longer,  the  lips  nearly  equal,  obtuse, 
the  upper  one  concave,  the  lower  one  shortly  3-lobed. — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  321 ;  C.  repcns,  Sieb.  in  Roem.  and  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Mant. 
276. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blne  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  45 
A.  Cuniniigham,  and  others  ;  Ilhivvarra,  A.  Cunninghain,  Shrpherd. 

Meissuer  describes  the  perianthlohes  as  twice  as  shnrt  as  the  tiibe  ;  this  can  only 
apply  to  the  lobes  of  the  lovver  lip,  the  lips  themselves  are  usuallj  rather  longer  than 
the  tuhe. 

20.  C.  Mitchellii,  3feissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  320.  An  erect  shrub, 
with  the  crowded  erect  linear  rig-id  leaves  g-eneral  habit  and  compact 
terminal  corymbs  of  C.  sphacelutum,  of  which  F.  Mueller  considers  it  as  a 
variety,  but  the  perianths  are  more  densely  and  softly  pubescent,  only 
3  lines  long-  and  the  lips  as  long-  as  the  tube,  difFerences  which  are  quite 
constant  in  all  the  specimens  I  have  seen. — C.  Dallachyi,  F.  Muell.  Ann. 
Rep.  1858  (name  only). 

Victoria.  Grampians,  Mitchell,  F.  2Iueller  ;  Wimmera  and  Lutitt  Baj,  Dallachy ; 
Glenelg  liver,  Eohtrtsoii,  Aliitt. 

21.  C.  sphacelatum,  Hook.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  342.  An  erect 
shrub,  the  branches  and  young-  leaves  silky  or  hoary-tomentose, 
the  older  foliage  giabrous,  the  inflorescence  pubescent.  Leaves 
crowded,  erect,  linear,  rigid,  with  a  small  callous  point,  obscm*ely  1- 
nerved,  mostly  2  to  3  in.  long-.  Peduncles  in  the  upper  axils  long-er 
than  the  leaves,  bearing-  each  several  spikes,  and  forming-  a  compact 
broad  terminal  corymb.  Bracts  broad,  shortly  acuminate.  Perianth 
shortly  pubescent,  about  5  lines  long-,  the  limb  about  half  as  long"  as 
the  tube,  the  lips  nearly  equal,  the  upper  one  broad,  concave,  shortly 
acuminate,  the  lower  one  divided  to  below  the  middle  into  3  narrow 
lobes. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  320. 

Queensland.     Xear  Mount  Pluto,  Mitchell. 

22.  C.  patens,  Schlecht.inLinnfea^xii.b^l.  An  erect  shrub,  minutely 
hoarv-tomentose  or  the  foliage  at  length  glabrous.  Leaves  numerous, 
spreading,  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  contracted  below  the  middle, 
mostly  h  to  f  in.  long-.  Peduncles  several  in  the  upper  axils,  3  to  5 
in.  long",  bearing-  each  a  small  corymb  of  pedunculate  spikes.  Bracts 
broad,  acuminate,  rarely  as  long-  as  the  perianth-tube.  Perianth  hoary- 
pubescent,  about  2^  lines  long-,  the  linib  about  half  as  long-  as  the  tube, 
the  upper  lip  very  broad,  the  lower  rather  long-er,  divided  to  the  middle 
into  3  narrow  lobes. — Meissn.  inDC.  Prod.  xiv.  320^  F.  Muell.  Pl.Vict. 
ii.  t.  70. 

B  B  2 


872  civ,  PROTEACEiE.  \^Cunosp€rmum. 

N.  S.  Wales  ?  Twofold  Bay,  F.  Mueller  (specimens  almost  passing  into  C.  taxi- 
folium,  from  whicli  C.  patens  differs  chiefly  in  its  loose  habit  and  spreading  l^avcs). 

Victoria.  Grampians,  F.  Mueller ;  Wimmera,  Dallachy ;  N.  W.  districts,  L. 
Morton  ;  Glenelg  river,  Eohertson. 

S.  Australia.  Bethanie,  St.  Vincenfs  Gulf,  Behr,  F.  Mueller,  and  others  ;  Kan- 
garoo  Islaud,  Waterhouse. 

23.  C.  taxifolium,  Sm.  in  Bees^  Cycl.  ix.  An  erect  shriib  of  several 
ft.,  witli  virg-ate  branches,  minutely  hoary-tomentose  or  g-labrous,  the 
inflorescence  usually  pubeseent.  Leaves  crowded,  linear  or  lanceolate, 
acute,  rigid,  erect  or  sliglitly  spreading-,  contracted  at  the  base,  mostly 
^  to  I  in.  long-,  but  in  a  few  specimens  nearly  1  in.  and  the  lower  ones 
even  still  longer.  Peduncles  in  the  upper  axils  usually  rather  numerous, 
1  to  3  in.  long-,  rarely  long-er,  each  bearing"  several  pedunculate  spikes, 
the  whole  forming-  a  more  or  less  corymbose  panicle.  Bracts  broad, 
acimiinate,  shorter  than  the  perianth-tube.  Perianth  pubescent,  2^-  to 
3  lines  long-,  the  limb  much  shorter  than  the  tube,  the  upper  lip  broad 
and  concave,  the  lower  rather  long-er,  divided  to  the  middle  into  narrow 
lobes. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  154,  Prod.  368 ;  Meissn.  in  DC, 
Prod.  xiv.  319 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.   i.  319;  Bot.  Mag-.   t.  2724;   C. 

falcifolium,  Knig'lit,  Prot.  95  {li.  Br.)  ;  C.  qffine,  Roem.  and  Schult.  Syst. 
iii,  Mant.  274;  C.  spicatum,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  10;  Mcissn.  in  DC.  l.c. ; 
C.  propinqunm,  R.  Br.  l.c.  ;  Meissn.  l.c. ;  C.  lavandulifolimn,  A.  Cunn.  ; 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  519,  and  in  DC.  l.c. 

Queensland.  Moreton  island,  M'GilUvray,  F.  Mueller ;  Estuary  ofthe  Burdekin, 
Herh.  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Bhie  Mountains,  B.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  42  and 
FT,.  MLit.  11.  471 ;  New  England,  C.  Stuart ;  snuthward  to  lllawarra,  A.  Cunningham. 

Tasmania.     Spriug  Bay,  East  coast,  BacJchouse,  Gunn. 

Var.  lanceolata.  Leaves  mostly  under  4  in.  long. —  C.  lanceolatum,  R.  Br.  Prot. 
Nov.  10 ;  Mcissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  320. — Hunter's  river,  B.  Brown,  Backhouse, 
Beckler ;  Hastings  river,  .Bec/jfer;  Richmond  river,  5(S«(Ze?"So«. 

Var.  linifolium.  Leaves  more  spreading  and  inflorescence  looser,  forming  almost  a 
passage  into  C.  patens. —  C.  linifoUum,  A.  Cunn. ;  Meissn.  in  Pl  Preiss.  i.  518,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  320. — Peei's  Islaiid  and  Red  Cliff  Point,  Moreton  Ba_y,  A.  Cunningham. 

Var.  ?  leianthum.  Leaves  narrow.  Bracts  and  perianths  perfectly  glabrous  and 
rather  smaller  than  in  the  typical  form. — Tasmania,  Story. 

24.  C.  ericifolium,  Sm.  in  Bees'  Crjcl.  ix.  An  erect  shrub  of  several 
ft.,  minutely  hoary-tomentose  or  nearly  g-labrous,  closely  allied  to  C. 
taxifolium,  with  similar  virg-ate  branches,  crowded  erect  short  leaves, 
cor}Tnbose  inflorescence  and  the  same  flowers,  and  only  dilfering-  in  its 
much  narrower  leaves,  mostly  \  to  |-  in.  long-,  rarely  |  in.  or  rather  more, 
and  about  |  line  broad  or  sometimes  cpiite  filiform. — R.  Br.  in  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.  x.  154,  Prod.  368  ;  Rudg-e  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  292,  t. 
17  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  319  ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  2850;  Endl.  Iconog-r. 
t.  31  ;   C.  crectum,  Grah.  Edinb.  Phil.  Journ,  1828,  171  {Meissn.). 

N.  S.  Wales.     Port  Jackson,  B.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  43,  and  mauy  others. 

25.  C.  ellipticxun,  Sm.  in  Bees'  Cycl.  ix.  A  shrub  with  the  virg-ate 
branches  and  erect  leaves  of  C.  taxifolium,  but  the  branches  softlv  villous 


Conospenuum.]  civ.   photeace.e.  373 

and  tlie  leaves  much  broader,  varjing-  however  from  broadly  lanceolate 
to  oval-elliptieal  or  oblon^--cuneato,  obtuse  or  acute,  from  under  |  in. 
to  nearly  f  in.  long-.  lutlorescence  cor^nnbose  as  in  C.  taxifolium,  but 
the  peduncles  shorter,  more  villous  and  the  spikes  fewer.  Perianth  vil- 
lous,  2|  to  3  lines  long-,  the  tube  but  little  longer  than  the  lips. — R.  Br. 
in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  153,  Prod.  308  j  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv,  322; 
C.  rigidam,  Knig-ht,  Prot.  95. 

N.  S.  Wales.     Port  Jackson,  li.  Broum,  and  others. 

Var.  imhricatum.  Leaves  luore  closely  imbricate  and  sliorter,  mostly  aboiit  \  in.  long. 
—  C.  imbricatum,  Sieb.  in  Spreng.  Syst.  Cur.  Post.  46;  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  9;  Meissn, 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  322. — Port  Jackson  or  Blue  Mountains,  Sieber,  n.  44  ;  Illawarra,  A. 
Cunningham. 

26.  C.  distichum,  E.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  155,  Prod.  369,  not 
of  Meissn.  A  tall  erect  bushy  shrub,  g-labrous  except  the  inflorescence 
or  the  ,young-  shoots  niinutely  tomentose.  Leaves  rather  crowded, 
linear-terete,  slender,  sometimes  filiform,  \\  to  3  in.  long-,  the  floral 
ones  shorter.  Spikes  shortly  peduncuhite  in  the  upper  axils,  1  to  2  in. 
long",  the  rhachis  tomentose,  the  flowers  at  length  distant,  very  densely 
silky-woolly.  Bracts  very  small,  ovate,  the  margins  woolly-ciHate,  the 
surface  g-hibrous.  Perianth  about  4  lines  long-,  the  very  short  broad 
concave  upper  lip  nearly  glabrous,  but  only  very  shortly  protruding 
from  the  dense  wool  which  covers  the  remainder  of  the  perianth  includ- 
ing  the  3-lobed  lower  lip. — C.  procenim,  F,  Muell.  Frag-m.  i.  157, 

y^.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  more  probably  to  the  eastward?  Baxter  ; 
Swan  river?  Drummond,  Ist.  coll.  n.  585;  Cape  Arid,  31axwcll. 

27.  C.  floribundum,  Bcnth.  A  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  closely  allied 
to  C.  distichum,  but  bearing  the  same  relation  to  it  that  C.  incurvum  does 
to  C.  hrachyphyUxun.  It  is  usually  more  bushy  and  the  fohage  often  as- 
sumes  a  somewhat  silvery  aspect.  Leaves  crowded,  very  narrow  linear, 
almost  terete,  very  spreading-  and  incurved,  of  a  nearly  uniform  leng-th, 
rather  under  \  in.  in  some  specimens  and  always  uncler  |  in.  Spikes 
in  the  upper  axils  1  to  2  in.  long,  simple  as  in  C.  distichum,  but  owing- 
to  the  number  of  flowering  branches  forming'  a  broad  compact  corym- 
bose  panicle.  Bracts  g-labrous,  dark-coloured  and  very  conspicuous  on 
the  very  young  spikes,  but  the  larger  lower  ones  very  deciduous,  and 
the  upper  ones  which  alone  remain  when  the  inflorescence  is  fully  ,ie- 
veloped  are  all  ver}-  small.  Flowers  usually  but  not  always  smaler 
than  in  C.  distichum,  simihirly  clothed  with  a  dense  silky  wool.  Periaiith 
as  in  that  species  4  Hnes  long  with  a  very  small  nearly  glabrous  upper 
lip. —  C.  distichum,  Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  522,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv, 
318,  not  of  R.  Br. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  580,  JPreiss,  n.  740  ;  Stirling 
Eange,  -F.  Jlueller. 

28.  C.  incurvum,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  30.  An  erect  branching- 
shrub,  the  stems  minutely  pubescent,  the  fohage  glabrous.  Leaves 
crowded,  very  narrow  linear,  almost  terete,  spreading  and  incurved,  ^ 
to  1  in.  long^.     Peduncles  terminal,  6  to  10  in.  lone:  includins:  the  in- 


l 


374  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [Conospenmivi. 

florescence,  bearing-  at  tlie  base  a  few  small  closely  appressed  erect  and 
subulate  lcaves  or  bracts,  tbe  remainder  a  long-narrow  denseraceme-bke 
panicle.  Spikes  numcrous  abmy  tbe  rbacliis,  nearly  sessile,  h  to  1  in. 
lon"-,  very  densely  silky-woollyr  Bracts  small  and  deciduous.  Periantb 
about  3  lines  lon»-.  Tbe  tube  slender,  tlie  li})s  very  sbort,  tbe  upper 
one  pubescent  only  and  very  shortly  protrutbng-  from  tbe  dense  silky 
wool  wbicb  covers  tbe  rest  of  tbe  periantb. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i. 
623,  ii.  260,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  318. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ast  coll.  n.  579;  Perongerup,  Ifrs. 
Kniyld  (a  very  iniperfect  and  therefore  doubtful  specimen). 

29.  C.  brachyphyllum,  Lindl.  Srvan  Riv.  App.  31.  Very  near  C.  in- 
curvim  and  prol)ably  only  a  long--leaved  variety,  tbeyoung-  shoots  some- 
times  softly  birsute,  tbe  adult  fobage  glabrous.  Leaves  more  crowded 
tban  in  C.incurrum,  filiform,  1  to  3  in.  long-,  tbe  raceme-like  panicles 
sometimes  fiowering-  from  tbe   base,   sometimes  supported  on   a  long' 

eduncle.     Periantbs  densely  woolly  like  tbose  of  C.  incnrvum  but  ratber 
onger,  mostly  about  4  lines  long-  and  tbe  small  glabrous  upper  lip  rather 

more  conspicuous. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  524,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 

318 ;    C.Jili/olium,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  523,  and  in  DC.  l.c. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  578,  Preiss,  n.  2624.  The 
specific  name  is  unfortunately  cliosen,  as  the  leave.s  aie  longer  than  those  of  its  nearust 
allied  npecies,  althounh  niuch  shorter  than  in  C.  stoechadis.  Meibsuer's  name  is  better, 
but  of  more  recent  date. 

Var.  larifolium.  Leaves  raor-e  crowded  at  the  base  of  the  stem,  the  panicle  wilh  its 
long  pedimcle  olten  above  1  ft.  Inng,  and  tlie  spikcs  more  developeil.  Perianths  at  least 
6  lines  long — Swan  river,  Druinmond.  Tliis  is  tiie  form  which  Meissuer  considers  as 
the  typical  C.  hraclajphijllum. 

Var. ?  rif/idum.  Leaves  very  narrow-linear,  but  ricjid.  rrowded,  erect  and  l^  to  3  in. 
long.  Panicle  very  long  and  soniewliat  liranclicd.  the  spikes  sliort  aiid  dense  alnng  the 
brauches,  as  on  the  rhachis  ol'  the  typical  ibrm. — W.  Auslralia,  Drummond,  n.  35. 

30.  C.  stoechadis,  Endl.  in  Ann.  Wien.  Mus.  ii.  208,  and  Nov.  Stirp. 
Dec.  60.  An  ereot  rigid  shrub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  the  young-  sboots  silky- 
tomentose,  the  adult  foliage  g-labrous.  Leaves  terete,  rigid,  3  to  6  in. 
long-  or  in  a  few  specimens  still  long-er,  ratber  slender  and  scarcely 
channelled  above  in  tbe  typical  form.  Peduncles  in  tbe  upper  axils  usually 
branched,  6  to  8  in.  long',  densely  velvety-villous,  the  spikes  few  long- 
and  interrupted.  Bracts  short,  broad,  acuminate,  tomentose.  Perianth 
3  to  4  lines  long-,  densely  woolly-hirsute,  except  tbe  very  small  upper 
lip,  whicb  is  pubescent  only  or  almost  g-labrous. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
i.  524  ;  C.  sclerophyllum,  Lindl.  Swan  Kiv.  App.  30 ;  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  31?. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  rivcr,  Drummond,  Ist.  coll.  n.  581  ;  Preiss,  n.  736,  741, 
744. 

Var.  canalicu^ata.  Leaves  hmger,  rather  broader  (but  still  very  narrow-lincar),  more 
evidenlly  channelled  aliove  or  comave.  Panicie  on  a  lont;er  pedmiLle,  and  tlie  Howers 
rallier  hirger.— C.  canalictdafum,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  250,  and  in  D(;.  Piod  xiv. 
317. — W.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  307.  Some  spccimens  of  Preiss's  n.  742, 
appear  also  to  belong  ratber  to  this  variety  than  to  the  typical  form. 


Conosper/num.]  civ.   proteace^.  375 

31.  C.  triplinervium,  IL  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  11.  A  shrub  of  2  to  3  ft., 
tlie  branches  erect,  g-labrous  or  minutely  silky  when  young-.  Leaves  in 
the  typical  forin  hxnceoUite,  rather  broad,  acute  or  with  a  callous  point, 
3-nerved,  contracted  into  a  short  or  rather  long-  petiole,  glabrous  or 
silvery-silky,  1|  to  3  in.  long-,  but  varyiug-  from  that  to  almost  linear 
and  3  or  4  in.  long-.  Peduncles  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  from 
under  6  in.  to  nearly  1  ft.  long-,  more  or  less  tomentose,  simple  or 
branched,  bearing  several  interriipted  spikes  of  1  to  3  in.  Bracts  small, 
acuminate.  Perianth  2  to  3  Unes  long",  densely  woolly  except  the  very 
small  broad  upper  hp,  which  is  pubescent  only  or  nearly  glabrous. — 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  519,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  316  ;  C.  lunrfiorum, 
Endl.  in  Ann.  Wien.  Mus.  ii.  208,  and  Nov.  Stirp.  Dec.  59  ;  C.  undida- 
Uim,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  31 ;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  520,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  317. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sonnd,  Baxter,  atid  thence  to  Swan  river,  Drum- 
mohd,  \st  cull.  n.  577  ;  Preiss,  n.  738,  739  ;  Kalgan  river,  Oblfield;  Salt  and  Fitz- 
gerakl  rivers,  M.ixwell.  Tiie  r.nduiatioii  ut'  the  ieaves  in  the  speciniens  distingnished 
unJer  the  name  of  C.  undulatum,  appears  to  nie  to  be  accidentai  only,  and  I  can  dis- 
cover  uo  otlier  chaiacter. 

Var.  minm,  Meissn.  Leaves  1  to  2  in.  long,  very  shortly  petiolate  and  silvery-sill^y. 
— \V.  Australia,  Drummond^  bth  coll.  n.  401. 

32.  C.  bracteosum,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  518,  ii.  248,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  317.  Stems  hard,  simple  or  slig'htly  branched,  1  to  1|  ft. 
hig-h,  more  or  less  silky-villous,  the  young-  leaves  also  silky  but  becom- 
ing-  g'labrous  when  old.  Radical  leaves  and  a  few  at  the  base  of  the 
stem  petiolate,  obovate  orbicular  or  spathulate,  very  obtuse,  3-nerved. 
^  to  1  in.  long",  contracted  into  a  petiole  at  least  as  long ;  stera-leaves 
bract-like,  sessile,  stem-clasping-  and  closely  appressed,  ovate,  shortly 
acuminate  or  obtuse,  about  ^  in.  long-.  Spikes  from  the  upper  axils  2 
to  3  in.  long-,  densely  silky-villous,  the  rhachis  very  llexuose,  thellowers 
distant  and  very  spreading-.  liracts  ovate,  acute,  shorter  than  the 
perianth,  silky  and  ciliate.  Perianth  recurved,  about  3  lines  long-,  the 
lips  more  than  half  as  long-  as  the  tube,  both  of  them  as  well  as  the 
tube  very  densely  clothed  with  long-  spreading*  silky  hairs. 

VT.  Australia.  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  252  ;  east  from  Salt  river,  Maxivell ;  also 
Preiss,  n.  746  {Meissn.),  whose  speciinen  1  have  not  seeu. 

33.  C.  crassinervium,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  317.  Stems  form- 
ing"  a  short  woody  base  or  stock,  covered  with  the  imbricate  almost  dis- 
tichous  remains  of  old  leaves.  Leaves  radical  or  at  the  ends  of  the  short 
branches  of  the  stock,  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  6  in.  to  above  1  ft. 
long',  acute,  silky-pubescent  or  villous,  the  marg-ins  thick  and  nerve-like, 
the  midrib  very  prominent  underneath,  with  a  few  transverse  raised 
veins  when  the  leaf  is  l)road  enoug-h,  or  the  midrib  and  margins  occu- 
pying-  the  whole  under  surface  when  narrow,  contracted  into  a  long' 
petiole  dilated  and  imbricate  at  the  base  as  in  Sijnaphea.  Scapes  1  to  2 
ft.  high,  lealless  except  small  ovate  acute  spreading-  scales  under  the 
branches,  bearing-  at  the  end  a  compact  corymbose  panicle  about  6  in. 


370  Civ.    PROTEACE^.  [Conospcrmum. 

diameter,  very  densely  villous  witli  spreading-  silky  hairs.  Spikes  sliort 
and  dense  terminating-  tlie  very  numerous  branches.  Bracts  under  the 
llowers  obovate  or  cuneate,  acute,  often  2  lines  long-  besides  a  long 
plumose  point,  the  whole  bract  densely  silky-villous  outside,  gla- 
brous  inside.  Perianths  almost  concealed  by  the  bracts,  villous  with 
long-  silky  hairs  only  on  the  lobes,  the  hps  as  long-  as  the  tube,  the  upper 
one  broad  and  concave,  the  lower  one  divided  to  the  base  into  3  narrow 
lobes,     Coma  of  the  nut  very  short. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  4th  coll.  n.  270 ;  near  the  Murra-murra,  Oldfield. 

Tribe  3.  Franklandie^. — Anthers  all  perfect  with  adnate  parallel 
cells,  enclosed  in  and  adnate  to  the  slender  perianth-tube.  Ovule  1. 
Fruit  a  dry  nut  with  a  pappus-like  coma. 

7.  FRANKLANDIA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  reg-uhir,  the  tube  long-  and  slender, 
the  lobes  spreading-.  Anthers  all  perfect,  linear,  included  in  and  adnate 
to  the  perianth  tube.  Perigynous  scales  inserted  in  the  perianth-tube 
below  the  middle  at  first  united  in  a  ring-  round  the  style,  at  length  free 
from  each  other  and  erect.  Ovary  sessile,  crowned  by  a  ring-  of  long- 
hairs  or  by  3  phimose  awns ;  style  fihform  with  a  terminal  dilated 
stig-ma ;  ovule  solitary,  pendulous,  orthotropous.  Fruit  a  narrow  nut 
crowned  by  a  pappus-Hke  coma  of  long*  hairs  or  of  3  plumose  awns. 
Embryo  with  the  cotyledons  much  shorter  than  the  radicle. — Shrubs. 
Leaves  alternate,  dichotomously  divided  into  terete  seg-ments.  Flowers 
long-,  "  yellow,"  in  racemes  either  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  solitary 
within  small  bracts. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Western  extratropical  Australia. 

Nut  tapering  into  a  short  neck  crowned  by  a  concave  disk  bordered 

by  a  ring  of  long  hairs.     Perianth-tube  1  to  I4  in.  long  .     ...     1.  F.fucifolia. 

Nut  tapering  into  a  long  neck  crowned  by  3  long  plumose  awns. 

Perianth-tube  2  in.  long 2.  i^.  triaristata. 

1.  F.  fucifolia,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  157,  Prod.  370,  atid  App. 
Flind.  Vot/.  ii.  (504:,  t.  6.  An  erect  g-labrous  often  g'laucous  shrub  of  2  to  5  ft., 
the  foliage  and  fiowers  and  sometimes  the  whole  phmt  sprinkled  with  g-lan- 
dular  tubercles.  Leaves  petiolate,  repeatedly  forked,  wath  erect  terete 
rather  thick  segments  of  |  to  1  in.,  the  whole  leaf  2  to  6  in.  long-.  Ra- 
cemes  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  the  tiowers  distant, 
shortly  pediceHate.  Bracts  ovate,  about  1  line  long-.  Perianth-tube 
slender,  slightly  contracted  above  the  middle,  1  to  1|  in.long-,  the  lobes 
linear-lanceolate  spreading-,  about  f  in.  long-.  After  flowering-  the  seg"- 
ments  (including  the  upper  part  of  the  claws  or  tube)  fall  oif  to  the 
base  of  the  anthers,  and  separate  without  falling-  to  the  insertion  of  the 
scales  at  about  l  of  the  original  tube.  Anthers  adnate  to  the  top  of  the 
cells,  the  connective  shortly  produced  and  free  above  them,  Ovary 
crowned  by  a  ring-  of  long-  liairs  reaching-  to  the  top  of  the  scales,  with 
short  hairs  within  them.     Style  bearded  to  the  level  of  the  top  of  the 


Franklandia.]  Civ.   proteace.e.  '•^77 

coma,  densely  villous  immediately  above  it,  the  remainder  g-labrous  with 
a  dilated  stig-ma  on  a  level  with  the  free  tips  of  the  anthers.  Nut  fusi- 
form,  g-hxbrous,  contracted  into  a  short  neck  crowned  by  a  dihited  con- 
cave  disk,  sometimes  2  lines  diameter,  bearing-  on  its  margin  the  long 
coma  of  simple  hairs  resembling-  the  pap])us  of  Compositse. — Meissn.  in 
Pl.  Preiss.  i.  530,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  'S'27  ;  EndL  IconogT.  t.  52. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  i?.  Brown,  Baxter, 
Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  271,  Preiss,  n.  Ibb,  and  otheis  ;  Tone  river,  Oldfield ;  east- 
ward  beyond  Eyre's  Eange,  MaxweU. 

2.  P.  triaristata,  Benth.  An  erect  shrub  with  the  habit  and  nearly 
the  foliag"e  and  intiorescence  of  F.Jucifolia,  the  leaves  rather  less  divided 
and  the  ultimate  seg-ments  shorter.  Flowers  much  larg-er,  the  perianth- 
tube  nearly  2  in.  long-,  tapering-  into  a  lon^  pedicel,  the  laminte  lanceo- 
late  with  a  fine  point,  about  1  in.  long-.  Stamens  and  perig-ynous  scales 
the  same  as  in  F.  fucifoUa,  but  the  coma  of  the  ovary  already  consisting- 
of  3  slender  awns  densely  phimose  with  long  hairs.  Nut  on  a  densely 
villous  stipes  of  about  \  in.,  the  nut  itself  narrow-oblong",  nearly  \  in. 
long"  and  quite  g-labrous,  tapering-  into  a  spirally  plumose  slender  neck 
attaining-  2  to  2|  in.,  and  then  branching*  into  3  plumose  awns,  also  2 
to  2|^  in.  long-  when  fully  developed. 

"W,  Australia,   Drummond ;  Tone  and  Capel  rivers,  Oldfield. 

Tribe  4.  Persoonie-s;. — Anthers  all  perfect,  with  parallel  cells 
adnate  to  the  connective,  the  stamens  inserted  at  or  below  the  middle 
of  the  perianth-seg"ments.  Ovules  2,  or  sometimes  1.  Fruit  a  drupe 
or  rarely  a  dry  nut  or  membranous. 

8.  SYMPHYONEMA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  regular,  cylindrical  in  the  bud, 
the  seg'ments  free  or  nearly  so.  Filaments  inserted  near  the  base  of  the 
segTnents,  free  but  incurved  and  united  at  the  end  in  a  ring-  roimd  the 
style,  the  anthers  erect  and  free,  the  connective  very  shortly  produced 
beyond  the  cells.  No  hypog-ynous  glands.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate; 
style  fihform,  with  a  capitate  or  slig-htly  dihited  terminal  stig-ma ;  ovules 
2,  pendulous,  orthotropous.  Fruit  an  oblong-  nut,  ripening-  usually  a 
singie  seed. — Perennials  or  undershrubs.  Leaves  scattered  or  the  lower 
ones  opposite,  trichotomously  divided  into  narrow  seg-ments.  Flowers 
small,  yellow,  in  rather  slender  spikes,  each  one  sessile  within  a  small 
bract. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  Eastern  extratropical  Australia. 

Leaf-segments  flat,  linear  or  linear-lanceohite 1.  S.  montanum. 

Leaf-segments  very  narrow,  semi-terete 2.  S.  paludosum. 

1.  S.  montanum,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  158,  Prod.  371.  A 
perennial  or  undershrub,  with  erect  or  shortly  decumbent  stems  of  1  to 
\^  ft.,  g-labrous  or  the  inHorescence  very  shg-htly  glandular-pubescent. 


378  civ.   pROTEACE.i:.  [Symphyonenia. 

Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  twice  or  tliree  times  trifid,  -vvith  short  flat  linear 
or  linear-lnnceolate  mucronate-acute  seg-ments,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  1|  in. 
lono-.  Spikes  terminal  and  in  the  upper  axils  forming-  a  terminal  pnnicle 
of  1  to  2  in.,  the  flowers  not  very  close  and  at  length  distant.  Bracts 
very  small,  broad,  acuminate.  Perianth  nearly  2  lines  long-.  Nut  ob- 
long-,  a  httle  more  than  1  line  long-,  obtuse,  quite  glabrous. — Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  328 ;  lieichb.  Iconog-r.  Exot.  t.  107  ;  Endl.  Iconogr.  t. 
12. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Grosse  river,  B.  Brown ;  Blne  Mountains,  Sieher,  n.  63,  A.  Cun- 
ningham,  Frnscr,  Woolls,  and  others  ;  Castlereagh,  C.  Jloore. 

2.  S.  paludosum,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  158,  Prod.  371.  A 
g-labrous  perennial  or  undershrub,  closely  resembling-  S.  montanvm,  and 
perhaps  a  variety  only.  It  is  more  diffuse,  the  leaves  rather  less  divided 
and  the  segments  very  narrow,  either  semiterete  and  grooved  above  or 
concave,  rarely  almost  flat  or  the  lower  leaves  even  Cjuite  flat.  Flowers 
rather  smaller  and  more  slender  than  in  C.  viontnmtm.  Fruit  the  same 
as  in  that  species. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  327;  S.  abrotanoides,  Sieb. 
in  Spreng-.  Syst.  Cur.  Post.  46,  and  in  Roem.  and  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Mant. 
274. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Broirni,  Sieher,  n.  61,  62;  Argyle  County, 
Fraser ;  Ulawarra,  Shepherd. 

9.  BELLENDENA,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  regnihir,  the  segments  free,  spread- 
ing".  Stamens  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  perianth-seg-ments,  but  free 
from  them ;  flhiments  erect,  anthers  all  perfect,  the  connective  not  pro- 
duced  beyond  the  cells.  No  h^-pog-ynous  scales.  Ovary  shorth'  sti})i- 
tate,  tapering-  into  a  short  thick  style  with  a  terminal  stigma ;  ovules  2, 
pendulous,  orthotropous.  Fruit  membranous,  compressed,  indehiscent, 
bordered  by  a  very  narrow  wing-,  the  style  reflexed  upon  one  margin. — 
Shrub.  Leaves  scattered,  toothed  at  the  end,  or  entire.  Flowers 
small,  in  a  terminal  pedunculate  dense  raceme,  without  bracts,  the  pe- 
dicels  singly  scattered,  not  in  pairs. 

The  genus  is  limiteJ  to  a  single  exclusively  Tasmanian  species. 

1.  B.  montana,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  166,  Prod.  374.  A 
low  glabrous  shrub,  sometimes  under  6  in.  high  and  bushy  or  tufted, 
eometimes  decumbent  and  extending'  to  1|  or  two  ft.  Leaves  \isually 
cuneate,  broad  or  narrow,  with  3  obtuse  crenatures  or  short  rounded 
termii:al  lobes,  sometimes  ag-ain  broadly  crenate,  the  whole  leaf  |  to 
above  1  in.  long,  tapering  into  a  short  petiole,  flat  but  rather  thick 
and  sometimes  glaucous ;  in  some  specimens  the  leaves  are  much  nar- 
rower  and  almost  entire,  and  in  one  variety  mostly  oblong'-linear  and 
quite  entire.  Peduncles  terminal,  much  long-er  than  the  leaves,  bear- 
ing-  a  short  dense  raceme  of  small  white  flowers  on  pedicels  of  2  to  3 
lines,  the  rhachis  and  sometimes  the  pedicels  minutely  hoary-pubescent. 


Bellendena.\  civ.  proteace^.  379 

Perianth  about  \\  lines  long-,  tlie  stamens  neavly  as  long-.  Ovary  g'la- 
brous.  Fruit  obovate,  4  to  o  lines  long-,  rounded  at  tlie  end,  but  the 
stvle  quite  lateral,  reflexed,  and  ahnost  indented  into  the  upper  marg-in. 
— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  348 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  322 ;  Guillem. 
Ic.  Pl.  Austral  t.  ?. 

Tasmania.  Mount  Wellington,  R.  Brown ;  abnnrlant  on  Mnunts  Wellington,  Ben 
Lomond,  Surrey  liills,  &c.  at  an  elcvation  of  3000  to  5000  ft.  J  D.  Hooker,  and  otliers, 
the  specimena  with  entire  narrow  leaves  from  Ben  Lomond,  Milligan,  Gunn. 

10.  AGASTACHYS,  R.  Br. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  reg-ular,  cylindrical  in  the  bud, 
the  seg-ments  free,  recurved.  Anthers  all  perfect,  on  short  fllaments 
inserted  below  the  middle  of  the  perianth-seg'ments,  the  connective 
shortly  produced  beyond  the  cells.  No  hypog-ynous  g-lands.  Ovary 
sessile,  3-ang-led ;  style  rather  short,  with  a  thick  oblong*  unilateral 
stig-ma;  ovule  solitary,  hiterally  attached  at  or  near  the  top.  Fruit  ap- 
parently  dry  and  indehiscent,  bordered  by  2  broad  lateral  wing-s  and 
one  narrow  dorsal  one. — Shrub.  Leaves  crowded,  entire.  Flowers 
white,  in  axillary  elong-ated  spikes,  each  one  sessile  within  a  persistent 
bract. 

The  genus  is  limiteJ  to  a  single  species,  endemic  in  Tasmania,  and  quite  exceptional 
in  the  Order  in  the  form  of  the  ovarj  style  and  fruit. 

1.  A.  odorata,  i?.  Br.  in  Tmns.  Linu.  Soc.  x.  158,  Prod.  371.  A 
stout  bushy  shrub  attaining-  from  5  to  9  ft.,  quite  g-hibrous.  Leaves 
crowded,  linear-oblong-,  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  very  short  petiole, 
rather  thick,  smooth  and  shining-,  veinless  or  the  midrib  scarcely  con- 
spicuous,  1|  to  3  in.  long".  Spikes  numerous,  solitary  in  the  upper 
axils,  flowering-  from  the  base,  3  to  5  in.  long-,  tlae  upper  ones  crowded 
into  an  erect  terminal  panicle.  Flowers  sweet-scented.  Bracts  erect, 
lanceolate,  from  half  as  long-  to  as  long-  as  the  perianth.  Perianth  3 
to  3J  lines  long-,  the  segments  linear.  Style  reaching-  to  the  base  of 
the  anthers,  the  hiteral  stigma  as  long-  as  the  rest  of  the  style  below  it. 
Fruit  not  seen  quite  ripe,  but  when  far  advanced  and  perhaps  fully 
formed  it  is  as  long-  as  the  subtending-  persistent  bract,  with  2  longitu- 
dinal  rather  broad  wing-s  ahnost  embracing-  the  rhachis,  and  one  dorsal 
narrow  wing-. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  328 ;  Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm.  i. 
320. 

Tasmania.  Adventnre  Bay,  B.  Broivn  ;  S.  and  W.  coasts,  Recherche  Bay  to  Port 
Macquarrie,  Gunn,  Milligan,  and  others. 

11.  CENARRHENES,  Labill 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  reg-uhir,  ovoid,  acuminate  in  the 
bud,  the  seg-ments  free,  spreading-.  Stamens  inserted  at  the  base  of 
the  seg'ments ;  filaments  short,  recurved ;  anthers  incurved,  broad,  the 
connective  produced  into  a  fine  point.     Hypog-ynous  scales  obovate. 


380  Civ.    PROTEACE^.  [Ccnarrhenes. 

Ovary  sessile  ;  style  short,  filiform,  with  a  small  terminal  stig-ma;  ovule 
solitary,  pendulous.  Fruit  a  drupe,  with  a  succulent  exocarp  and  a 
hard  endocarp. — Shrub  or  tree.  Leaves  alternate,  toothed.  Flowers 
in  spikes,  axillary  or  terminal,  each  one  sessile  within  a  small  bract. 

The  geiiiis  is  limited  to  a  single  sppcies.  endeinic  in  Tasmania,  it  is,  however,  closely 
allied  to  Persoonia,  difteiing  chiefly  in  inflorescence  and  in  the  toothed  leaves. 

1.  C.  nitida,  LaMll.  Pl.  Nov.  Holl.  i.  36,  t.  50.  A  tall  shrub  or 
small  tree,  attaininji,-  rarely  20  to  30  ft.  (C.  Stnart),  quite  g-labrous,  of  a 
bright  g-reen,  foetid  when  bruised,  turning*  black  in  drying-.  Leaves 
obovate-oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse,  coarsely  toothed,  con- 
tracted  into  a  short  petiole,  the  midrib  prominent,  otherwise  veinless 
smooth  and  shining-,  3  to  6  in.  long*.  Spikes  in  the  upper  axils  or 
several  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the 
rhachis  often  flexuose  but  rig-id  angular  and  quite  g-labrous,  the  flowers 
rather  distant.  Bracts  small,  ovate-trinng-uhir,  concave.  Perianth 
about  2  lines  long-,  the  seg-ments  hmceolate,  acuminate.  Stamens  much 
shorter  tlian  the  perianth.  Ovary  short,  thick,  with  a  broad  pendulous 
ovule.  Drupe  very  succulent,  g'lobuhir,  about  |  in.  diameter. — R.  Br. 
in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  159,  Prod.  371 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  328 ; 
Hook.  f  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  320. 

Tasmania.  Shaded  woods,  Recherche  Bay,  Macquarrie  harbour  and  Mountains  of 
the  interior,  A.  Cunningham,  Gunn,  Milligan,  and  others,  biit  not  gathered  by  R. 
Brown. 

12.  PERSOONIA,  Sm. 

(Linkia,  Cav.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  reg-ular,  cylindrical  in  the  bud  or 
constricted  above  the  base,  the  seg-ments  free  or  nearly  so,  recurved  in 
the  upper  portion,  the  laminse  scarcely  broader  than  the  chiws.  Anthers 
all  perfect  (except  in  one  species)  on  short  fllaments  inserted  at  or  below 
the  middle  of  the  perianth-seg-ments,  the  cells  adnate  to  the  connective. 
Hypogynous  scales  or  g-lands  usually  small.  Ovary  stipitate,  (the  stipes 
in  a  few  species  very  thick  andshort),  with  a  terminal  style  either  short 
and  inflcxed  or  elong-ated  and  flliform,  the  stig-ma  terminal ;  ovules  2 
or  rarely  1,  orthotropous,  pendulous  with  short  funicies  and  not  strictly 
collateral,  one  ovule  with  a  long-er  funicle  or  attached  lower  down  than 
the  other.  Fruit  a  drupe,  with  a  succulent  exocarp  and  thick  very  hard 
endocarp,  either  1-celled  and  1-seeded,  or  obhquely  2-celled  with  a 
sing-le  seed  in  each  cell. — Shrubs  or  small  trees.  Leaves  entire,  alternate 
or  rarely  here  and  there  almost  whorled.  Flowers  yellow  or  white, 
soHtary  in  the  axils  or  owing-  to  the  abortion  or  reduction  of  the  floral 
leaves  forming-  sliort  racemes  at  first  terminal  or  axillary,  or  at  length 
at  the  base  of  a  leafy  branch,  rarely  in  slender  terminal  1-sidedracemes. 

With  the  exct-ption  of  a  single  New  Zealand  species  the  genus  is  limited  to  AustraHa. 

Skct.  1.  Pycnostyles. — Stiile  short,  often  as  thich  as  the  ovary,  incurved  or 
ho>krd  at  the  end,  hunjing  the  stigma  in  a  cavitg  of  the  upper  perianth-segment  hclow 
thc  anther.     Species  all  Western  except  P.  falcata. 


Persoonia.\  civ.  proteace^.  381 

Leaves  terete. 

Leaves  rigid,  grooveJ  underneath.    Perianth  glabrous,  5  lines 

long,  the  upper  segnient  saccate,  the  upper  anther  abortive     1.  P.  hahecBformis. 
Leavcs   rather  rigid,  not  at  all  or  irregularly  grooved.     Fe- 

riantii  pubescent,  the  upper  segment  concave  but  not  saccate     2.  P.  teretifolia. 
Leaves   slender,  more  or   less  distinctly  grooved   underneath. 

Periantli  pubescent,  6  lines  long,  the  upper  segmeut  saccate. 

Anthers  all  perfect 3.  P.  saccata. 

Leaves  flat. 

Leaves  very  narrow-linear,  3  to  6  in.  long,   rigid  and  doubly 

grooved  underneath 4.  P.  Saundersiana. 

Leaves   narrow-cuneate,    1-nerved  or    longitudinally  veined. 

Perianth  upper  segment  saccate 5.  P.  comata. 

Leaves  linear-cuneate,   1-nerved.      Perianth  upper    segment 

coucave  but  not  saccate %.  P.  brachystylis. 

Leaves  long,  ftilcate,  narrow  or  broad,  1-nerved.     Tropical 

species 7.  P.falcata. 

Sect.  2.  Acranthera. — Style  elongated  beyond  the  anthers,  with  a  terminal 
stigma.  Connective  of  the  anthers  prodmed  into  an  appendage  beyond  the  cells. 
Species  all  Western. 

Perianth  villous,  usually  ferruginous.     Ovary  villous  (always?) 
1-ovuIate. 
Leaves  mostly  oblong-Ianceolate  or  spathulate. 

Leaves  mostly  3-nerved  on  both  sides,  not  twisted.     Flowers 

clustered.     Anther-appendages  short 8.  P.  trinervis. 

Leaves    l-nerv-d    above,    3-nerved    underneath,    twisted. 

Flowers  solitary.     Anther-appendages  long 9.  P.  tortifolia. 

Leaves  narrow-linear,  almost  terete. 

Young  shoots  slightly  hoary.     Leaves  rigid,  sLriate,  l^  to 

3  in.  long 10.  P.  angustiflora. 

Young    shoots    hirsute   with    spreading    hairs.       Leaves 

crowded,  1  to  14  in.  long,  channeiled  above 11.  P.  rudis. 

Perianth  glabrous  or  pubescent.  Ovary  glabrous,  2-ovulate  (ex- 
cept  in  P.  striata  and  P.  quinquenervis,  and  perhaps  iu  P. 
acicularis). 

Leaves  long,  linear-terete 12.  P.  microcarpa. 

Leaves  linear-subulate,  pungent-pointed. 

Leaves  mostly  |  to  1  in.  long.     Anther-appendages  long 

and  narrow 13.  P.  sulcata. 

Leaves  rarely  above  ^  in-     Anther-appendages  very  short 

and  thick .     .  14.  P.  acicularis. 

Leaves  narrow-Iinear,  not  pungent,  with  revolute  margins. 
Perianth  pubescent.    Style  much  bent  at  the  base.    Leaves 

mostly  above  4  in 15.  P.  scabrella. 

Perianth  glabrous.     Style  nearly  straight.     Leaves  rarely 

above  \'m 16.  P.  dillwynioides . 

Leaves  linear  or  linear  lauceolate,  prominently  S-nerved  or 
rarely  3-nerved.     Ovary  1-ovuIate. 
Leaves  narrow-linear.     Anther-appendages  rather  long       .  17-  P.  striata. 
Leaves     broadly    linear-spathulate    or     oblong-Ianceolate. 

Anther-appendages  rather  short 18.  P.  quinquenervis. 

Leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  oblong-spathulate,  1-nerved. 

Leaves  thick,  1  to  2  in.  long.    Perianth  ferruginous-villous. 

Ovary  nearly  sessile 19.  P  rufiflora. 

Leaves  crowded,  scabrous,  under  1  in.     Perianth  glabrous 

or  scarcely  pubescent 20.  P  scahra. 

Leaves  6  to  8  in.  long.    Fiowers  small,  glabrous,  in  slender 

l-sided  racemes 21.  P.  graminea. 


382  civ.   PROTEACE^.  [Persoonia. 

Sect.  3.  Amblyanthera. — Style  elongated  heyond  tke  antJier-cells,  with  a  terminal 
atigma.     Connective  ofthe  anthers  not  produced  heyond  the  cells. 

*    Westcrn  specie.s.     Ovary  glahrous,  the  stipes  articulate  above  the  hase.     Leaves 
flat. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  falcate,  5  to  8  in.  long  .     .     .22.  P.  lo»g>f<  lia. 

Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  f.traiglit,  3  to  6  iii.  long 23.  P.  articuliia. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate  or  elliptical,  l^  to  3  in.  long 24.  P.  elUiAica. 

**  Eastern  species.     Stipes  of  the  ovary  inarticulate  or  articulate  at  the  very  hase. 

Ovary  villous  (rarely  almost  glabrous  in  P.  media). 

Leaves  glabrous,  Uat,  ovate,  obovate,  elliptical  or  broadly  lan- 
ceolate. 

Perianth  ferrnginous-birsnte       •     •     •. 25.  P.ferruginea. 

Periantli  pubescent  witli  appressetl  hairs. 

Leaves  niostly  lanceolate.  Perianth-segments  tipped  with 

dorsalpoints .  26.  P.  media. 

Leaves    mostly   elliptical.      Perianth-segments   wiihout 

points     .     .' 27.  P.  cornifolia. 

Leaves  mnstly  obovate.     Perianth-segments  tipped  with 

dorsal  points 28.  P.  marginata. 

Leaves  pubescent  or  silky-villous,  flat  or  with  recurved  mar- 
gins,  from  lanceolate  to  obovate. 

Leaves  mostly  obovate  or  oblong-spathulate 29.  P.  scricea. 

Leaves  mostly  narrow 30.  P.  Milchellii. 

Leaves  scabrous  or  hispiJ,  witli  revolute  margins. 

Leaves   narrow-linear,  spreading,  incurved,  |  to  l^  in.  long  31.  P.  fastigiata. 

Leaves  oblong,  rareiy  exceeding  4  in 32.  P.  hirsuta. 

Leaves  smooth,  linear-subulate,  wiih  recurved  margins,  about 

{  in.  long 33.  P.  chamcepitys. 

Ovary  glabrous.     Flowers  erect.     Leaves  flat,  veined,   mostly 
about  14  in.,  elliptical,  falcate,  lanceolate  or  linear,  usually 
giabrous. 
Perianth  8  or  9  lines  long  (6  lines  or  under  in  all  the  follow- 

ing  species) 34.  P.  arhorea. 

Leaves  mostly  falcate,  4  to  8  in.  long.     Pedicels  2  to  4  lines 

long 35.  P.  salicina. 

Stems  prostrate  or  trailing.     Leaves  usually  short  and  broad. 

Pedicels  sbort 36.  P  prostruta. 

Stems  erect.     Leaves  rarely  above  4  in.  when  narrow,  always 
sliortcr  when  bioail. 
Leaves  mostly  lanceoiate  or  elliptical.     Pedicels  very  short. 

Flowers  solitary  or  rarely  2  togetiier 37.  P.  lanceolata. 

Flovvers  in  axillary  short  racemes  or  clusters  of  6  to  10  .  38.  P.  confertiflora. 
(See  also  26.  P  media). 
lieaves  linear  lanceoiate,  acute,  rather  long.     Pedicels  1  to 

3  lines  long 39.  P  lucida. 

Leaves  linear,  often  vcry  narrow.   Flowers  axillary.    Ovary 

2-ovulate 40.  P.  linearis. 

Leaves  filiform.  Flowers  in  dense  racemes  with  short  floral 

leaves.     Ovary  1-oviilate 41.  P. pinifolia. 

Ovary  glabroiis.     Flowers  erect  on  very  short  pedicels.     Leavcs 
with  recurved  margins  or  sometimes  flat,   usually  obtuse, 
veinless,  glabmus  or  silky  underneath,  not  exceeding  2  in. 
Perianth  about  5  lines  long. 

Leaves  nairow-linear.  Perianth-segraents  tipped  with  subu- 

latepoints 42.  P.  Calryi. 

Leaves  oblong-linear.     Periantb  segraents  without  points    .  43.  P.Je  •ifolia. 
LeavesiVom  obi  vate-oblong  to  oblong-lanccolate,  very  obtuse  44.  P.  reviluta. 
Perianth  about  9  lines  long.     Leaves  flat,  thick,  very  obtuse  .  45.  P  Gunnii. 


Persoonia.]  civ.  PROTEACEiE,  383 

Ovary  glabrous.    Flowera  erect,  almost  sessile.     Leaves  with 
mucb  recurved  or  revolute   margius,    narrow,    acute,  nerve- 
less,  silkv  uu>icrncatb. 
Leaves  spie  uling,  siuootb  above,  lauceobite  or  linear-lanceo- 

laie,  14  to  24  in.  lo  ig 46.  P.  mollis. 

Leaves  iaciirvi-ii,  scabrous  above,  f  to  I4  in.  lon^. 

Leaves  si^atinilate  or  iiiiear  siiaibulate.     Perianth  villous    .  47.  P.  ri/idi. 

Leaves  uarrow-linear.     Periantli  pubesceiit 48.  P.  curvifolia. 

Ovary    giabrons    (rarely    witb    a    few    luiirs    in   P.    ohlongata). 
Flowers  spreadiiig  or  nodiliiig.  Leaves  flat  or  witli  recurved 
niargius,  tlie  niidrib  CDnspicuous,  under  l^  in.  long. 
Leaves  ovate-lancedlate  (1   to  l^  in.).     PeJicels  about  ^  in. 

long.     Perianth  glabrous,  witbout  puints 49.  P.  ohlongata. 

Leaves  broad  or  lanceolate,  uuder  1  in.     Pedicels  1  to  4  lines 
long. 
Leaves   ovate,   flat  (4  to  1  in.).     Perianth  glabrous,  with 

long  poiuts  to  tbe  segments 50.  P.  Cunninghamii. 

Leaves  ianceolate  to  alm  ist  ovate,  flat  (5  to  1  in.)    Perianth 

pubescent,  with  modeiate  poiiits 51.  P.  myrtilloides. 

Leaves  ovate  (2  to  3  Hues)  to  ianceobxte  (3  to  6  liues).     Pe- 

liaiith  giabrous,  without  points 52.  P.  ovyciccoides. 

Leaves  nanon-linear 53.  P.  nutans. 

Ovary  glabrous      Leaves  b'near  (broad  or  narrow),  concave  or 
grooved  above  or  nearly  flat  witbout  auy  promiuent  mid- 
rib. 
Leaves  mostly  1  to  I5  in.  bmg. 

Leaves  oblong-liuear    or    linear-lanceolate,   l^   to  2   lines 

br  lad.     Peilicels  sbort  anJ  tbi^k 54.  P.  anqulata. 

Leaves  narrow-linear.     Pedicels  slender 55.  P.  virgata. 

Leaves  mostly  5  to  |  in.  loug. 

Leaves  narrow-linear,  not  pungent.     Ovary  1-uvubate     .     ,  56.  P.  chamcepeuce. 
Leaves  narrow-iinear  or  subiilate,  pungeut-poiuted     .     ,     ,  57.  P.  juniperina. 
Leaves  fllitbnu,  not  piingent. 

Ovary  2-ovulate.     Peiiaiith-segments  witbout  points  .     .  58.  P.  tenvifulia. 
Ovary  1-ovuIate.     Perianlhsegments with subiilate points  59.  P.  acerosa. 

Sect.  1,  Pycnostylis,  Meissn, — Style  sliort,  often  as  tliick  as  the 
ovary,  incurved  or  liooked  at  tlie  end,  burying*  tlie  stig*ma  in  a  cavity  of 
the  upper  perianth-seg'ment  below  the  auther, 

1,  P.  hakeseformis,  3feissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv,  330.  A  very  rigid 
shrub,  the  young-  shoots  and  inflorescence  softly  pubescent  or  villous, 
Leaves  terete,  very  spreading-,  mostly  recurved  at  the  end,  g-rooved 
underneath,  thick  and  rigid,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long", 
softly  villous,  crowded  into  a  terminal  or  subterminal  raceme,  with  most 
of  the  floral  leaves  reduced  to  small  bracts.  Perianth  g-labrous,  not 
above  5  lines  long-,  the  upper  seg-ment  saccate  below  the  anther,  which 
is  quite  adnate  and  ahnost  or  quite  sterile,  the  other  anthers  free  except  at 
the  base,  the  connective  produced  into  a  thick  obtuse  appendag-e.  Ovary 
g"labrous,  contracted  at  the  base  into  a  thick  stipes,  and  tapering*  into  a 
short  thick  style  curved  and  hooked  at  the  end,  with  a  lateral  stig-ma 
buried  in  the  cavity  of  the  upper  perianth-seg^ment,     Fruit  not  seen, 

V^.  Australia,  Drummond,  4th  coll.  n.  275. 

2,  P.  teretifolia,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  160,  Prod.  372.  A 
bushy  shrub  of  several  ft,,  the  young  shoots  and  intiorescence  ferrug-i- 


384  civ.   PROTEACE^.  [Persoonia. 

nous-tomentose  or  shortly  villous,  the  adult  foliag^e  glabrous.  Leaves 
terete,  rather  slender  but  ri<^-id,  not  continuousl}'  g-rooved,  althoug-h 
sometimes  irreguhirl}'  so  o-\ving-  to  the  shrivelling  in  dr^-ing,  1|-  to  3  in. 
long  but  mostl}'  about  2  in.,  the  floral  ones  similar  or  a  few  of  them 
much  reduced  in  size.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long,  solitary  in  the  axils 
but  sometimes  crowded  at  the  base  or  at  the  end  of  a  shoot  with  the 
lower  floral  leaves  abortive.  Perianth  declinate,  ferruginous-pubescent, 
about  i  in.  long-,  the  upper  segment  very  concave  but  not  saccate. 
Anthers  all  perfect,  the  connective  produced  into  a  long  point.  Ovary 
scarcely  contracted  at  the  base,  tapering  into  short  thick  style,  curved 
against  the  upper  perianth-segment  below  the  anthers,  ovules  2.  Drupe 
obhquely  ovoid-oblong-,  ^  in.  long  or  more. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
329  ;  P.  scaparia,  Meissn.  l.c. 

W.  Australia.  Lucky  Bay,  R.  Broion;  King  George's  Sound  towards  Cape 
Riche  and  iSalt  river,  Harvey,  Baxter,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  276. 

Var.  ?  amhJyanthera.  Appendage  to  the  anthers  short  and  oLtuse,  the  specimens 
ehowing  no  other  difference,  yet  perhaps  a  distinct  species. — Murchison  river,  Oldjield. 

3.  P.  saccata,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  12.  An  erect  shrub  of  2  to  6  ft.,  the 
young  shoots  and  inflorescence  pubescent  or  villous,  the  adult  foliag"e 
glabrous.  Leaves  linear-terete,  sometimes  almost  filiform,  2  to  4  in. 
long  or  even  long-er,  more  or  less  distinctly  grooved  underneath  or  the 
groove  doubled  by  the  prominence  of  the  midrib  between  the  recurved 
or  thickened  margins,  but  the  groove  always  very  narrow  and  some- 
times  very  faint.  Pedicels  2  to  3  hnes  long,  mostly  at  the  ends  or  below 
the  ends  of  the  branches  and  crowded  into  racemes  with  the  floral  leaves 
much  reduced  or  abortive,  rarely  all  axillary.  Perianth  very  oblique, 
pubescent,  about  \  in.  long,  the  upper  segment  saccate  below  the 
anther.  Anthers  all  perfect,  the  connective  produced  into  a  rather  long; 
point.  Ovary  contracted  into  a  rather  short  thick  style  curved  into  the 
cavity  of  the  upper  perianth-segment.  Ovules  2.  Fruit  obovoid, 
rather  shorter  and  thicker  than  in  P.  teretifoUa. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  329  ;  P.  Fraseri,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  12,  not  of  Meissn.  ;  P.  macro- 
stachya,  Lindl.  Swan  Eiv.  App.  35 ;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  631,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  330. 

MT.  Australia.  "West  coast,  Baudlns  Expedition ;  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drum- 
mond,  \st  coll.  n.  598,  Freiss,  n.  730  ;  Cape  Naturalistc,  Collie ;  Ponnelly  river,  T.  C 
Carey.  The  specimens  of  P.  jPraseri,  both  in  Brown'8  and  in  Hooker's  herbarium, 
have  lost  all  their  flowers,  but  in  other  respects  correspond  entirely  with  the  F.  saccata, 
evidently  a  common  plant  about  Swan  river. 

4.  P.  Saundersiana,  Kipp.  ,•  Meissn.  in  HooJi.  Kew  Joiirn.  vii.  72,  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  330.  Branches  virgate,  pubescent  or  villous,  the  adult 
foliage  glabrous.  Leaves  Unear,  3  to  6  in.  long,  flat  but  thick,  rigid 
and  very  narrow,  with  a  double  groove  on  each  surface  formed  by  the 

firominent  midrib  and  marginal  or  submarginal  nerves.  Pedicels  3  to  4 
ines  long,  villous,  all  axiHary  or  crowded  at  the  base  of  the  shoots  with 
the  lower  floral  leaves  abortive.  Perianth  glabrous  or  slig-htly  pubes- 
cent  with  appressed  hairs,  about  |  in.  long,  the  upper  segment  saccate 


Persoonia.]  civ,  proteace^.  385 

beloAv  the  anther.     Anthers  all  perfect,  the  connective  produced  into  an 
obtuse  appendag-e.     Ovary  broad,  scarcely  contracted  at  the  base,  taper- 
ing-  into  a  cvlindrical  style,  hooked  at  the  end  under  the  upper  anthers. 
Ovules  '2.      Young-  fruit  ol)liquely  ovoid-g-lobular. 
"W.  Australia,  Druminond,  bth  coll.  suppl.  n.  4. 

5.  P.  comata,  Mvissn.  in  Iloolt.  Kcw  Jouni.  vii.  71,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  330.  A  low  shrub  with  erect  branches  softly  pubescent  as  well  as 
the  young-  shoots,  the  adidt  foliage  gdabrous.  Leaves  linear-cuneate  or 
oblanceolate,  l^-  to  3  in.  long-,  obtuse  with  a  small  point,  contracted 
into  a  short  petiole,  of  a  pale  green,  thick  and  rig-id,  with  nerve-like 
marg-ins  and  a  prominent  midrib,  and  when  broad  with  several  very  ob- 
scure  oblique  almost  long-itudinal  veins.  Pedicels  2  to  6  lines  long-, 
villous,  axillary  or  forming-  a  raceme  at  the  base  of  the  slioots  with  the 
lower  floral  leaves  reduced  to  small  bracts.  Perianth  shortly  pubescent, 
rather  above  \  in.  long-,  very  oblique  with  a  short  incurved  point,  the 
upper  seg-ment  saccate  below  the  anther.  Anthers  all  perfect,  the  con- 
nective  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  giabrous,  contracted  into  a 
short  thick  stipes,  thickened  upwards  and  incurved,  with  an  oblique 
stigma  buricd  in  the  cavity  of  the  upper  perianth-seg-ment.     Ovules  2. 

W.  Australia.  Miirchisou  river,  Oldfield;  near  Dundagaran,  Drumrnond,  Qth 
coll.  n.  178. 

6.  P.  brachystylis,  F.  Mudl.  Fragni.  vi.  221.  An  erect  shrub  of 
several  ft.,  the  branches  and  young-  leavos  softly  tomentose,  the  adult 
foliag-e  giabrous.  Leaves  linear-cuneate,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  obtuse  with  a 
small  callous  point,  contracted  into  a  shortpetiole,  thick  and  rigid,  with 
the  midrib  and  margins  prominent  underneath.  Pedicels  axillary,  2  to 
4  lines  long-.  Perianth  oblique,  with  a  short  recurved  point,  more  or 
less  silky-hairy,  about  5  lines  long-,  the  upper  seg-ment  concave  below 
the  anthers  but  not  saccate.  Anthers  all  perfect,  rather  long-,  the  con- 
nective  produced  into  a  short  obtuse  appendag-e.  Ovary  giabrous,  con- 
tracted  into  a  short  thick  stipes,  tapering-  into  a  short  thick  incurved 
style  concealing-  the  stig'ma  under  the  upper  anthers.     Ovules  2. 

TV.  Australia.    Murcliisou  river,  Oldfield. 

7.  P.  falcata,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  162,  Prod.  373.  Usually 
a  small  tree,  giabrous  or  the  young-  shoots  minutely  tomentose-pubescent. 
Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  falcate,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  and  very  variable 
in  width,  obtuse  or  acuminate,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  the  midrib  pro- 
minent,  the  margins  usually  nerve-like,  the  lateral  veins  obscure  or  fine 
and  very  oblique.  Pedicels  slender,  ^  to  |  in.  long-,  giabrous  as  well  as 
the  perianth  or  very  minutely  hoary-pubescent,  sometimes  all  axillary, 
but  more  frequently  forming-  a  long-  raceme  with  the  lower  floral  leaves 
reduced  to  bracts  and  growing-  out  at  the  end  into  a  leafy  shoot.  Ovary 
giabrous,  of  nearly  uniform  thickness  with  the  short  stipes  and  incurved 
style,  the  stigma  oblique  under  the  upper  anther.  Anthers  all  perfect, 
but  the  upper  one  usually  smaller,  the  connective  produced  into  a  long- 

VOL.  V.  c  c 


386  civ,   PROTEACEiE.  [Persoonia. 

or  short  point. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  331  ;  P.  mimosoides,  A,  Cunn, 
Herb. 

N.  Australia.  Islanrls  nf  tlie  riulf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Uroicn;  jrAdrtm  Eange, 
F.MudUr;  Escape  Clift"-,  Hulls;  Victoria  river,  Bi/noe;  Cygiiet  B_a.y,  N.W.  coast, 
A.  (Junniiigham  (a  narrow-leaved  forni,  with  the  pedicels  only  remaining,  but  appa- 
rently  rathcr  tiiis  species  than  P.  longifolia). 

Queensland.  Cape  York,  Daemi-l;  Dayman's  isLand,  Endeavonr  Straits,  W.  Hill; 
Endeavour  river,  A.  Cunningham,  W.  Hill  ;  iEstuary  of  the  Burdekm,  Fitzalan ;  Ken- 
nedy  district,  Daintree ;  Edgecombe  and  Rockingham  Bays,  Dallachy ;  Cape  and 
Boweu  rivers,  Bowman. 

Sect.  2.  AcRANTHERA. — Stjle  elong-ated  beyond  tbe  antbers,  with 
a  terminal  sti<:>-ma.  Antbers  all  perfect,  tbe  connective  produced  into  an 
appendag-e  be^^ond  tbe  cells. 

8.  P.  trinervis,  Mdssn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  332.  A  sbrub  witb  the 
young-  sboots  silky-pubescent  or  villous,  tbe  adult  fobag-e  g-labrous. 
Leaves  oblong'-lanceolate  or  linear-spatbulate,  obtuse  witb  a  callous 
point,  narrowed  into  a  sbort  petiole,  tbick  and  rig-id,  3-nerved  but  the 
lateral  nerves  often  almost  marginal  and  less  conspicuous  on  tbe  upper 
tban  on  tbe  under  surface,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  Flowers  several  together 
clustered  in  tbe  axils,  sessile  or  on  very  sbort  tbick  peclicels,  eacb  within 
a  small  villous  bract.  Periantb  densely  villous  witb  ferruginous  bairs, 
very  obtuse,  about  5  lines  long-.  Antbers  witb  very  sbort  obtuse  ap- 
pendag-es  to  tbe  connective.  Ovary  densely  villous,  contracted  into  a 
very  sbort  stipes  ;  style  straig-bt,  ratber  tbick  but  elong-ated,  witb  a  ter- 
minal  stig-ma;  ovule  solitary. 

W.  Australia,  Drmnmond,  bth  coll.  suppl.  n.  5. 

9.  P.  tortifolia,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv,  331.  Stems  in  our  speci- 
mens  several  from  a  woody  rbizome,  brancbing-,  not  above  1  ft.  bigb, 
the  brancbes  and  young-  slioots  silky  or  boary-pubescent,  the  foliage  at 
lengtb  g-labrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  oblong--  or  linear-lanceolate, 
rarely  almost  obovate,  mucronate,  contracted  into  a  sbort  petiole, 
spirally  twisted  at  least  wben  dry,  coriaccous,  1-nerved  on  tbe  upper 
surface,  mostly  3-nerved  underneatb,  undpr  1  in.  or  a  few  of  tbe  larg-er 
ones  l^  in.  long\  Flowers  solitary  in  ilie  axils  on  very  sbort  pedicels. 
Periantb  idjout  |  in.  long,  silky-ferruginous  witb  appressed  bairs, 
Antbers  witb  ratber  long-  narrow  appendag-es  to  tbe  connective.  Ovary 
densely  villous,  on  a  g-labrous  stipes,  tapering-  into  a  long-  straigdit  gla- 
brous  style,  witb  a  terminal  stigma ;  oviUe  solitary. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  169,  Ath  coll.  n.  272. 

10.  P.  angustiflora,  Benth.  A  sbrub  of  about  1  ft,,  tlie  erect 
brancbes  minutely  boary-tomentose,  tbe  foliag-e  g-labrous.  Leavesvery 
narrow  linear  or  terete  as  in  P.  microcarpa,  but  usually  more  rigid, 
rarely  above  3  in,  long-,  and  tbe  tbicker  midrib  and  more  prominent 
margins  g"ive  tbem  a  more  striate  or  dotibly  gTooved  appearance.  Flowers 
usually  2  or  3  tog-etber  in  tlie  axils,  on  pedicels  of  1  to  2  lines.  Perianth 
fully  I  in.  long',  narrower  tban  in  P.  microcarpa,  silky-villous  witb  ful- 


Persootiia.]  civ.  proteace^.  387 

vous  liairs.     Anthers  witli  rather  long-  points  or  appendag-es  to  the  con- 
nective.     Ovary  shortly  stipitate,  densely  villous ;   style  straight,  elon- 

fated ;  ovule  solitar}^ — P.  Fmseri,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  6;J2,  and  in 
)C.  Prod.  xiv.  334,  not  of  R.  Br. 

W.  Australia.     Swan  rivcr,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  597,  Preiss,  n.  729. 
Var  ?   pedicdlaris.     Pedicels   3    to    6    liiies    long.      riovvers    much  less  villous   or 
sprinkled  oaly  with  a  few  liairs.     Ovary  not  thickened,  and  the  ovule  abortive   in  the 
flowers  examined. — Murchi^on  river,  Oldfidd. 

11.  P.  rudis,  Mcissn.  i/i  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  333.  A  shrub  apparently 
spreading-  or  procumbent,  the  young-er  parts  densely  hirsute  with  soft 
spreading"  hairs,  the  older  foliage  giabrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  crowded, 
linear-subulate,  nearly  terete,  grooved  without  any  prominent  midrib, 
acute  but  not  pung-ent,  the  long-er  ones  on  the  main  stem  sometimes  2 
in.  but  mostly  about  1  in.  long-.  Pedicels  axillary,  soHtary,  1  to  2  hnes 
long'.  Perianth  about  h  in.  long',  hirsute  with  a  few  long-  spreading- 
hairs.  Anthers  with  long-  points  or  appendag-es  to  the  connective. 
Ovary  on  a  short  narrow  stipes,  densely  liirsute  with  long*  hairs,  taper- 
ing-  into  a  long-  hirsute  style  with  a  terminal  stig-ma.     Ovule  sohtary. 

\tr.  Australia,   Drammond,  Ath  coll.  n.  273. 

12.  P.  microcarpa,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  IGO,  Prod.  372. 
An  ere.ct  broom-like  shrub  of  3  to  5  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  villous  with 
fine  appressed  hairs,  the  adult  foHage  giabrous.  Leaves  terete  and 
more  or  less  grooved  underneath,  or  very  narrow  linear  and  flat  with 
a  scarcely  prominent  midrib,  acute,  2  to  4  in.  long\  Flowers  axillary, 
usually  in  clusters  of  2  or  3,  ou  very  short  villous  pedicels  rarely  ex- 
ceeding-  1  Hne.  Bracts  ovate  or  lanceolate,  viUous,  sometimes  as  long' 
as  the  pedicels.  Perianth  villous  with  appressed  hairs,  4  to  5  Hnes 
long-.  Anthers  inserted  nearly  at  the  base  of  the  perianth-seg-ments, 
the  connective  produced  into  a  short  broad  appendag'e.  Ovary  gia- 
brous,  very  shortly  stipitate,  tapering-  into  a  thick  style  recurved  at  the 
end  with  an  obHque  stigma,  but  longer  than  the  anthers  ;  ovules  2. 
Drupe  smaU,  nearly  giobular. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  334. 

^V.  Australia.  Kiiia;  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  R.  Brown,  A.  Cun- 
ningham,  Drumrnond,  3rd  coll.  n.  260,  Preiss,  n.  728,  and  many  others. 

13.  P.  sulcata,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  333.  A  much-branched 
shrub,  apparently  divaricate  or  procumbent,  giabrous  or  with  a  sHght 
pubescence  on  the  branches.  Leaves  crowded,  spreading-,  subulate, 
rigid  and  pung-ent-pointed,  doubly  g-rooved  by  the  prominent  margins 
and  midrib,  mostly  f  to  1  in.  long-.  Pedicels  axillary,  soHtary,  1  to  3 
Hnes  long*,  giabrous.  Perianth  giabrous,  acute,  about  4  Hnes  long", 
rather  attenuate  towards  the  base.  Anthers  with  long-  narrow  appen- 
dages  or  points  to  the  connective.  Ovary  glabrous,  contracted  into  a 
short  stipes,  and  tapering-  into  an  elongated  angular  straight  style  with 
a  terminal  stigma  ;  ovules  2. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  168,  4th  coll.  n.  274. 

c  c2 


388  civ.    PROTEACE^.  [Pcrsoonia. 

14.  P.  acicvdaris,  F.  MvcU.  Frafjm.  vi.  220.  A  rijiid  shrubof  about 
1  ft.  {Ohlficld),  the  branches  shortly  villous,  the  foliaoe  glabrous  or 
sprinklcd  Avith  a  few  short  rigid  hairs.  Leaves  crowded,  spreading-, 
linear-subuhite,  rigid  and  pung-ent-poiuted,  doubly  grooved  as  in  P. 
sxdcata,  but  rarely  exceeding-  -^-  in.  in  length.  Pedicels  axillary,  solitary, 
g-labrous,  3  to  4  hnes  long-.  Perianth  fully  5  lines  long-,  cjuite  g-labrous, 
contracted  above  the  broad  base,  the  seg-ments  very  acute.  Anthers 
with  the  connective  prodiiced  into  very  short  thick  and  obtuse  appen- 
dag"es.  Ovary  g-labrous,  contracted  into  a  short  stipes  and  tapering-  into 
an  elong-ated  straig-ht  style. 

W.  Australia.  Sandy  plains,  Murchison  river,  Oldjield.  In  the  only  ovary  I 
examineJ  1  only  tound  oiie  ovulc,  but  I  niay  have  overlookcd  a  second  abortive  one,  and 
tlie  ^pecimeiis  were  too  few  to  sacrifice  more  flowers. 

15.  P,  scabrella,  Mcissn.  in  Hooli.  Kov  Joiirn.  vii.  72,  and  in  BC.  Prod. 
xiv.  333.  A  rigid  shrub  with  erect  branches  minuteh'  pubescent  when 
young".  Leaves  crowded,  incurved,  linear-terete,  thick  and  rigid,  deeply 
gTOoved  underneath  but  without  any  prominent  midrib,  obtuse  or  callous- 
pointed,  glabrous  or  minutely  scabrous  when  young",  J  to  1  in.  long". 
Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  and  sessile.  Perianth  about  4  lines  long", 
villous  with  appressed  hairs,  contracted  at  the  base.  Anthers  with 
small  g-lobular  tips  to  the  connective.  Ovary  on  a  slender  stipes,  broad 
and  g-labrous ;  style  folded  immediately  above  the  ovary,  then  erect  and 
fihform  with  a  terminal  stig-ma.     Ovules  2. 

V^.  Australia.    Between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  177 . 

16.  P.  dillwynioides,  3feissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  333.  A  bushy 
glabrous  slirub.  Leaves  crowded,  narrow-linear  or  terete,  grooved 
underneath  but  without  any  prominent  midrib,  obtuse  or  scarcely  acute, 
rarely  above  J  in.  long",  quite  smooth  and  glabrous.  Pedicels  solitary 
in  the  axils,  very  short.  Perianth  g-hibrous,  about  5  lines  long-,  slightly 
contracted  above  the  base.  Anthers  Avith  very  short  obtuse  appendages 
to  the  connective.  Ovary  shortly  stij)itate,  glabrous,  tapering  into  a 
long  style  witli  a  terminal  stigmaj  ovules  2.  Drupe  broad  and  very 
obHque,  4  to  5  Hnes  diameter. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  n.  4U> ;  Fitzgerald  river,  Maxwell. 

17.  P.  striata,  IL  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  13.  Quite  glabrous  or  the  branches 
silky-pubescent.  Leaves  linear,  obtuse  or  mucronate-acute,  contracted 
into  a  short  petiole,  flat  but  tliick,  striate  with  3  to  5  prominent  closely 
approximate  longitudinal  nerves,  glabrous  or  minutely  papillose,  1  to 
l^  in.  long.  Pedicelb  soHtary  in  tlie  axils,  2  to  3  Hneslong.  Perianth 
glabrous  or  sHghtly  pubescent,  4  to  5  Hnes  long-.  Anthers  with  the 
connective  produced  into  an  appendage  usually  rather  long  but  variable. 
Ovary  glabrous,  sHghtly  contracted  into  the  stipes,  tapering  into  a 
straight  fiHform  style  with  a  terminal  stignia.  Ovule  soHtary.  Drupe 
ovoid,  obHque,  4  to  5  Hnes  long. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  332 ;  P. 
strioluta,  Meissn.  l.c. 

W.  Australia.  KingGeorgft's  Sound  or  tothe  eastward,  Baocter,  Drummond,  bth 
coll.  euppl.  n.  6  ;  near  W.  Mount  Barren,  Maxwell. 


Fersoonia.]  Civ.    proteacej-:.  389 

18.  P.  quinquenervis,  Ifook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  425.  A  slirub  of  5  to  7  ft., 
tlie  Lranchos  sli^litly  pubcscent.  Leaves  broadly  linear-spathulate  or 
oblong'-hinceohite,  mucronate,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  rigid, 
with  0  prominent  longitudinal  nerves,  g-labrous  or  minutely  papillose, 
1  to  li  in.  long-.  Pedicels  soHtary  in  tlie  axils,  \  to  i  in.  long-,  g-labrous 
or  slightly  pubescent.  Perianth  nearly  |  in.  long-,  gTabrous  or  sprinkled 
with  a  very  few  small  hairs.  Antherswith  rather  short  appendag-es  to 
the  connective.  Ovary  slightly  contracted  into  a  short  stipes ;  style 
straig-ht,  with  a  broad  terminal  stig-ma.  Ovule  soHtary. — Meissn.  in 
Pl.  Pr.  i.  532,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  332. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  596 ;  York  district,  Preiss, 
n.  531,  731.  The  species  scarcely  differs  fioin  P.  striata,  except  in  the  broader  leavea 
and  rather  larger  flowers,  and  perhaps  in  stature. 

19.  P.  rufiflora,  Mcissii.  iii  Hook.  Kcm  Jourii.  vii.  72,  and  iii  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  332.  A  shrub  at  iirst  sig'ht  closely  resembling-  P.  trinervis,  but 
very  ditferent  in  the  structure  of  the  llower,  the  young-  branches 
slig-htly  pubescent,  the  fohage  g-labrous.  Leaves  oblong--linear  or 
slig'htly  spathulate,  obtuse  with  a  minute  point,  contracted  into  a  very 
short  petiole,  thick,  1-nerved  with  thickened  nerve-like  margins  or 
rarely  with  intramarginal  nerves  on  the  under  side,  1  to  2  in.  long*. 
Flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so,  solitary  or  2  or  3  tog-ether  in  the  axils. 
Perianth  about  4  lines  long-,  very  densely  ferruginous-villous.  Anthers 
not  reaching-  above  half  the  length  of  tlie  segments,  with  short  g-land- 
like  appendag"es  to  the  connective.  Ovary  abruptly  stipitate,  broad, 
g-labrous ;  style  elong-ated,  slender,  with  a  terminal  stig-ma.     Ovules  2. 

VIT.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drummond,  Qth  coll.  n. 
176. 

20.  P.  scabra,  F.  Br.  in  Truns.  Liiin.  Soc.  x.  162,  Prod.  373.  Ap- 
parently  a  bushy  shrub,  the  branches  pubescent.  Leaves  crowded. 
linear-lanceolate  or  more  or  less  spathulate  but  never  so  much  so  as  in 
some  Eastern  species,  obtuse  or  mucronate-acute,  contracted  at  the  base, 
^  to  1  in.  long-,  1-nerved,  scabrous  with  small  papillaj  or  crystalline  or 
opaque  asperities.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  on  short  pedicels. 
Perianth  glabrous,  or  sprinkled  with  a  few  hairs,  about  5  lines  long\ 
Anthers  with  the  connective  produced  into  rather  long*  appendages. 
Ovary  stipitate,  g-labrous,  with  a  straig-ht  filiform  style  and  stigma. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  337 ;  F.Jlexifolia,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc. 
X.  162,  Prod.  372,  not  of  Lodd.  and  otliers;  F.  sjjuthnlata,  R,  Br.  11.  cc. 
162  and  373,  not  of  Lodd.  and  otliers. 

W.  Australia.  Lncky  Bay,  R.  Broum.  The  only  specimens  fhat  I  have  seen 
of  tliise  lliree  s^^upposed  species  are  the  almost  single  and  very  imsati^factury  ones  in 
Bro\vn's  Herbarium,  with  scarcely  any  tiowers.  Tliey  are  all  from  the  same  locality, 
and  the  differences  between  them  appear  to  me  to  be  very  slight,  no  more  than  wliat  we 
coiistantly  observe  between  dilfereiit  specimeiis  of  other  species  In  P.  fexifulia  the 
leaves  are  rather  smaller  and  narrowcu-  tlian  in  P.  scahra,  and  there  are  iewei-  iiairs  on 
the  perianth  ;  in  P.  spathulata  the  leaves  are  rather  larger  and  broader,  with  similar 
slightiy  hairy  perianths.  All  three  agree  in  the  habit  and  other  characters  which  dis- 
tinguish  them  from  any  that  I  have  seen  in  other  colleclions.     Meissner  places  them  in 


390  civ.   PROTKACE.^.  [Persooma. 

a  wrong  section,  but  was  niisled  by  Loddiges'  figures  repiesentiug  garden  plants  falsely 
named,  his  P.  fle.vifolia  being  P.  nutans,  and  P.  spathulata  most  probably  P.  rigida, 
botli  ofthem  eastern  species  of  tho  section  Amhlyanthera. 

21.  P.  graminea,  i?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soe.  x.  164,  Prod.  374.  A 
dwarf  slirub  or  undershriib,  with  short  procumbent  stems,  g-labrous 
except  a  few  appressed  hairs  sprinkled  on  the  Young-  shoots  and  inllo- 
rescence.  Leuves  niimeroiis,  erect,  narrow-linear  or  very  rarely  linear- 
lanceolate,  acute,  tiat,  but  the  midrib  and  sometimes  the  margins  pro- 
minent  underneath,  mostly  0  to  8  in.  long-,  or  even  more.  Flowers 
small,  distant,  in  slender  one-sided  leafless  racemes,  terminal  or  in  the 
upper  axils,  not  half  so  long-  as  the  leaves.  Bracts  subulate.  Pedicels 
solitarv  within  each  bract,  ^-  to  1  line  long-.  Perianth  about  2  lines 
long-,  g-labrous  or  sprinkled  with  a  few  appressed  transparent  hairs. 
Anthers  rather  sliort,  the  connective  produced  into  a  long-  slender  ap- 
pendag-e.  Ovary  glabrous,  g-lobuhir,  on  a  short  stipes.  Style  thick  but 
elong-ated,  angular,  tapering-  upwards,  with  a  terminal  oblique  stig-ma. 
Ovules  2. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  533,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  331. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown,  Baxter,  Drummond,  Preiss,  n. 
725 ;  ^\  ilsons  Inlet,  Oldjield.  This  is  the  oiily  species  ■with  a  truly  racemose  inflo- 
rescence,  without  tlie  rhachis  growing  out  into  a  leafy  shoot. 

Sect.  3.  Amblyanthera. — Style  elongated  beyond  the  anthers, 
with  a  terminal  stig-ma.  Anthers  all  perfect,  the  connective  not  pro- 
duced  beyond  the  cells. 

22.  P.  longifolia,  /?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soe.  x.  164,  Prod.  374.  A 
tall  shrub  or  small  tree  of  10  to  20  ft.,  glabrous  or  the  young-  branches 
minutely  silky-pubescent.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceohite,  5  to  8  in. 
long',  callous-pointed  or  obtuse,  narrowed  into  a  short  petiole,  not 
thick,  finely  voined,  the  midrib  slightly  prominent,  the  lateral  veins 
almost  longitudinal  and  scarcely  conspicuous.  Flowers  sohtary  in  the 
axils  but  owing-  to  the  abortion  of  the  lower  or  of  nearly  all  the  floral 
leaves  forming-  often  terminal  or  subterminal  racemes.  Pedicels  3  to 
6  lines  long-.  Perianth  more  or  less  ferrug-inous  with  minute  silky 
hairs,  6  to  6  hnes  long-.  Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the 
cells.  Ovary  glabrous,  on  a  stipes  distinctly  articuhite  above  the  base ; 
style  elongated  with  a  terminal  stig-ma;  ovules  2.  Drupe  broad  and 
oblique,  about  5  lines  diameter. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  533,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  343 ;   P.  Drumniondii,  Lindh  Swan  Riv.  App.  35. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  B.  Brown  and  others,.  and  thence  to  Swau 
river,  Druiinnoiul,  Ist  coll.  and  n.  89,  Prtiss,  n.  724,  732;  Vasse  river,  J/rs.  Molloy; 
Cape  Katuraliste,  Collie. 

23.  P.  articnlata,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  164,  Prod.  374.  A 
tall  shndj  or  snudl  troe,  closely  resembling-  P.  lonyifoliu  and  intermediate 
as  it  were  between  that  species  and  P.  cUiptica.  Leaves  much  broader 
than  in  P.  lonyifoUa  and  not  falcate,  oblong--lanceoh'ite  or  oblanceolate, 
3  to  6  in.  loug,  with  ver}'  oblique  almost  long-itudinal  anastomosing- 
lateral  veins.     Inflorescence  as  in  P.  longifolia  often  racemose  from  the 


Persoonia.]  c\x.   proteace^.  891 

abortion  or  reductiou  of  the  floral  leaves.  Flowers  usually  larg-er  than 
in  that  species,  the  perianth  fully  h  in.  long-.  Anthers  and  pistil  the 
same,  but  the  articuhation  of  the  stipes  of  the  ovary  rather  more  pro- 
minent,  being  often  above  the  level  of  the  hypoo-ynous  edands. — Meissn. 
inDC.  Prod?xiv.  342. 

TV.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown,  Baxter,  Harvey,  Drummond, 
n.  88,  96,  Oldfield,  F.  3IueUer ;  Vasse  river,  Oldfield. 

24.  P.  elliptica,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  164,  Prod.  373.     A 
_^shrub  or  tree  of  10  to  20  ft,,  quite  g-labrous.     Leaves  from  broadly 

obovate  to  elliptical  or  broadly  lanceolate,  obtuse  with  a  callous  point 
or  almost  acute  when  narrow,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  not  thick, 
penniveined  with  oblique  anastomosing  veins,  Ij  to  near  3  in.  long-. 
Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-,  mostly  axillary  and  solitary  but  sometimes 
forming-  racemes  by  the  abortion  or  reduction  of  the  floral  leaves  as  in 
the  two  preceding-  species.  Perianth  glabrous,  4  to  5  lines  long-. 
Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  glabrous,  on 
a  stipes  articuhate  near  the  base ;  style  elongated,  with  a  terminal 
stigma.  Ovules  2. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  341 ;  P.  laureola.,  Lindl. 
Swan  Riv.  App.  So ;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  532,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  341 ;  Hook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  426. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  SounJ  and  adjoining  districts,  R.  Brown,  Baxter, 
A.  Cunningham,  and  ujany  others,  aud  thence  to  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.,  Ath 
coll.  n.  277,  Preiss,  n.  726,  Clarke. 

The  articulation  of  the  stipes,  so  conspicuous  iu  Lhe  three  preceding  Western  species, 
is  also  observable  in  most  of  the  following  Eastern  species,  but  it  is  much  less  marked 
and  usually  at  the  very  base  of  the  stipes,  not  formiug  a  ring  above  the  base. 

25.  P.  ferruginea,  Sm.  Exot.  Bot.  ii.  47,  t.  83.  A  tall  shrub,  the 
branches  and  young  shoots  slightly  ferruginous  or  hoary-tomentose,  the 
adult  foliage  glabrous.  Leaves  ovate  oblong-elliptical  or  almost  lan- 
ceokite,  acute  or  obtuse  with  a  callous  point,  contracted  at  the  base  and 
sometimes  shortly  petiolate,  2  to  3  or  rarely  4  in.  long',  the  midrib  pro- 
minent  underneath  and  obscurely  or  distinctly  penniveined.  Flowers 
either  solitary  in  the  axils  or  more  frequently  in  dense  clusters  of  4  to 
6,  either  terminal  or  pedunculate  in  the  upper  axils,  witli  small  bracts 
(reduced  floral  leaves)  under  each  flower.  Pedicels  very  short  or 
scarcely  any.  Perianth  densely  ferruginous-pubescent,  about  6  lines 
long.  Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  densely 
villous,  on  a  short  glabrous  pedicel ;  style  elongated,  with  a  terminal 
stigma;  ovules  2. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  163,  Prod.  373; 
Meissn,  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  343  (except  as  to  F.  Mueller's  specimens) ; 
P.  laurina,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  118. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  and  Bhie  Mountains,  B.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  58,  A. 
Cunniiigham  and  ofhevs.  The  Victoriau  plant  refened  here  by  Meissner  having  the 
Qvary  quite  ghibrous,  is  much  nearer  to  P.  lanceolala,  and  is  described  below  as  P.  con- 
fertifiora. 

26.  P.  media,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  16.  A  tall  erect  shrub,  the  young- 
branches  ferruginous-pubescent.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  almost  elliptical, 


392  civ.   pROTEACEiE.  [Persoouia. 

sometimes  oblique  or  slig-htly  falcate,  acTiminate  or  acute,  contracted 
into  a  short  petiole,  2  to  4  m.  long-,  flat  thin  and  g-labrous,  very  ob- 
liquely  veined.     Pedicels  axiUary,   1   to  2  lines  long-,  ferrug-inous  or 

flabrous,  solitary  or  very  rarely  irreg-uhu-ly  chistered.  Perianth  fidly 
lines  long-,  pubescent  with  short  apprcssed  hairs,  the  segments  tipped 
with  short  subulate  points.  Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond 
the  cells.  Ovary  more  or  less  silky-hirsute  but  usually  much  less  so 
than  in  P.ferruginea  and  P.  cornifulia  and  the  hairs  sometimes  almost 
disappearing-,  the  stipes  g-labrous ;  style  elongated,  with  a  terminal 
Btio-ma:   ovules  2. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  <342. 

Queensland.     Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  Fraser,  W.  Hill,  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  "Wales.     Hastings  and  Clarence  rivers,  Be.cldcr. 

Some  specimens  come  near  to  some  varicties  of  P.  lanceohita,  but  independently  of 
the  hairs  of  the  ovary,  P.  media  has  usually  tliiiincr,  more  veined  leaves,  larger  pedi- 
cels,  and  more  prominent  subulate  tips  to  the  perianth-segments. 

27.  P.  cornifolia,  A.  Cunn. ;  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  16.  A  tall  erect 
shrub,  the  branches  pubescent,  the  young  leaves  ciliate  on  the  marg-ins 
and  sometimes  pubescent,  the  adult  foliag-e  g-labrous.  Leaves  from 
broadly  obovate  or  ovate  to  elliptical-oblong-  or  even  broadly  lanceolate, 
acute  when  narrow  or  obtuse  when  broad,  usually  mucronate,  contracted 
into  a  very  short  petiole,  mostly  1  to  2  in.  long-,  flat,  rather  rig-id,  the 
midrib  slightly  prominent  and  sometimes  obscurely  and  very  obliquely 
veined.  Pedicels  solitary  in  the  axils  or  clustered  on  a  very  short 
axillary  branch  with  the  floral  leaves  reduced  or  abortive,  sometimes 
very  short,  rarely  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  shortly  silky-pubescent, 
5  to  G  lines  long-,  without  points  to  the  seg-ments.  Anther-connective 
not  produccd  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  densely  silky-villous,  on  a  very 
short  glabrous  stipes ;  style  elongated,  with  a  terminal  stigma ;  ovides 
2. — Meissii.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  341 ;   P.  tinifolia,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. 

Queensland.  T,ogan  and  Brisbane  rivers,  Jloreton  Bay  and  ishind,  Fraser,  A. 
Cuimi»g]taiii,  F.  Mueller,  and  others. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Macleay,  Clarence,  and  Eichuiond  rivers,  Beclder,  C.  Moore  ; 
New  Engiaiid,  C.  Stuart. 

The  folinge  of  tliis  species  is  very  variable,  but  the  leavcs  are  usnally  shortcr,  broader, 
and  less  veined  tlian  in  the  preceding  species,  and  the  perianth  bas  neitlier  the  ferru- 
ginous  bairs  o(  P.  ferrvginea  nor  the  suLulate  tips  ofP.  media;  the  hairs  of  the  ovary 
are  constantly  dcnse. 

28.  P.  marginata,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  10.  A  shrub  with  pubescent 
branches.  Leaves  ovate  obovate  or  broadly  elliptical-oblong-,  mucro- 
nate,  contracted  at  the  base  but  scarcely  petiohite,  f  to  1|  in.  long-, 
flat,  coriaceous,  g-hibrous  and  often  shining',  the  midrib  prominent 
underneath,  more  or  less  distinctly  penniveined  and  sometimes  3- 
nerved.  Pedicels  exceeding-ly  short,  pubescent,  solitar}-  or  clustered 
v;ith  much  rcduced  or  abortive  floral  leaves.  Perianth  slightly  i^ubes- 
cent,  about  5  lines  long-,  the  segments  tipped  with  horn-like  dorsal 
points.  Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary 
densely  hirsute,   on  a  short  g-labrous  stipes;  style  elong-ated,  with  a 


Persoonia.]  civ.   proteace/"E.  ^^^'^ 

terminal  stig-ma;  ovules  2. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  341  ;  P.  ohcorduta, 
A.  Cunn.  Herb. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Barrcn  roeky  Inlls  north  of  Bathiirst  antl  on  tlie  Cujeegong  river, 
A.  Cunningham.  R.  Brown  describes  the  anthers  as  silky  on  the  back,  whii^h  I  have 
not  foLincl  to  be  tlie  case  in  the  flowers  I  examined.  Meissnor  distingiiishcs  two 
varieties  with  oval  and  obovate  leaves,  both  however  may  be  observed  on  tlie  same 
specimens. 

29.  P.  sericea,  A.  Cunn. ;  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  14.  An  erect  shrub  re- 
sembling-  at  first  sig-ht  some  forms  of  P.  rigida,  but  the  indumentum 
softer  •  branches  densely  ferrug-inous-pubescent  or  villous.  Leaves 
obovate  oblong'  or  oblanceolate,  mueronate,  but  otherwise  obtuse,  con- 
tracted  at  the  base  but  scarcely  petiohite,  f  to  \\  in.  long-,  flat,  pubes- 
cent  on  both  sides  and  in  the  broader  leaved  forms  densely  silky,  pen- 
niveined.  Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  but  a  few  of  the  fioral  leaves 
sometimes  much  reduced.  Pedicels  villous,  at  first  very  short,  2  to  3 
lines  long-  wlien  in  fruit.  Perianth  pubescent,  about  5  lines  long-,  the 
seg-ments  obtuse,  without  points.  Anther-connective  not  produced  be- 
yond  the  cells.  Ovary  densely  villous,  on  a  g-hibrous  stipes;  style 
elong-ated,  villous ;  ovules  2. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  342. 

N.  S.  VTales.  Liverpool  plains  and  neighbouring  ranges,  A.  Cunningham,  Leich- 
hardt,  C.  3Ioore  (with  the  leaves  nearly  all  obovate)  ;  barren  country  soiith-west  of 
Lachian  river,  ^-1.  Cunningham  ;  New  England,  C.  Stuart ;  Clarence  river,  Beclder  (all 
with  the  leaves  mostly  narrow). 

The  broad-leavcd  more  silky  form,  constituting  Meissner's  var.  /3,  or  P.  veluiina,  A. 
Cunn.  MS.,  appears  to  be  the  one  that  R.  Brown  had  chietiy  in  view,  the  narrow-leaved 
specimens  come  very  near  to  P  Mitchellii,  and  1  shouid  have  kept  up  tlie  two  at  lea.st 
as  distiiict  varieties,  but  that  sonie  of  tlie  latter  have  a  few  broadly  obovate  lenves  on 
the  principal  stems,  and  some  broad  leaved  speciraens  have  narrow  leaves  on  the  lateral 
branches.     The  specimens  are  none  of  them  iu  very  good  flower. 

30.  P.  Mitchellii,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kcw  Journ.  vii.  73,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  342.  An  erect  shrub  with  pubescent  or  villous  branches. 
Leaves  oblong--linear  spathulate  or  rarely  almost  obovate,  obtuse  with 
a  small  point  or  acute,  narrowed  at  the  base,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  pubescent 
w^hen  young-,  at  length  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  Pedicels  3  to  4  lines 
long-,  erect  or  recurved,  axillary  or  forming-  terminal  or  subterminal 
racemes  by  the  reduction  of  the  iloral  leaves  to  small  bracts.  Perianth 
villous,  4  to  5  lines  long-,  the  seg-ments  without  points.  Anther-con- 
nective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  villous,  on  a  g-labrous 
stipes  ;   style  elong-ated  ;   ovules  2. 

Queensland.  Burnett  river,  Hahj ;  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  F.  Mueller.  (I 
have  niit  seen  Mitchtirs  typical  specimen  frtjm  the  interior.) 

N.  S.  ■^Vales.     New  EngUmd,  C.  Stuart. 

I  do  not  feel  very  confident  in  having  properly  dislinguished  this  species  from  P. 
sericia.  Possibly  some  of  ihe  narrow-leaved  specimens  wliich  I  have  refirred  to  the 
latter  may  be)ong  ratlier  to  P.  M  tchellii,  or  P.  Mitchelli  itself  may  be  only  a  variety  of 
P.  sericea.     The  series  of  specimens  is  not  complete  enough  to  dctermine  these  points. 

31.  P.  fastigiata,  L\  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  13.  A  shrub  witli  rather 
slender  branches  shortly  pubescent.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  incurved, 
narrow-linear,  scarcely  acute,  attenuate  at  the  base,  the  marg-ins  re- 


394  Civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [Persoo/iia. 

curved  or  revolute,  |  to  l^  in.  long-,  more  ov  less  scabrous-pubescent. 
Pedicels  slender,  solitary  or  clustered  in  the  axils  (the  floral  leaves 
abortive),  1  to  2  lines  long'.  Perianth  minutely  pubescent  or  hirsute, 
8  to  3|  lines  long-.  Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells. 
Ovary  densely  hirsute,  on  a  g-h\brous  stipes ;  style  elong-ated  j  ovules  2. 
— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  337. 

N.  S.  T^ales.  In  the  interior,  Fraser ;  Robinson  Ranges  and  Dogwood  Creek, 
Leichhardt.  Kcsemliles  sometimes  P.  curvifolia,  but  with  smaller  flowers  and  hirsute 
ovaries. 

32.  P.  hirsuta,  Pirs.  S^».  i.  118.  A  spreading-  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft., 
the  whole  plant  pubescent  or  hirsute,  or  the  foliage  at  leng-th  scabrous 
onlj'  or  rarely  nearly  glabrous.  Leaves  sessile,  broadly  hnear-lanceolate 
or  oblong",  obtuse  or  scarcely  acute,  with  revolute  marg'ins,  rarely  above 
^  in.  long-.  Flowers  sessile  or  on  pedicels  rarely  exceeding-  1  line, 
sohtary  in  tlie  axils  but  usually  several  crowded  at  or  near  the  ends  of 
the  branches  and  sometimes  the  lower  floral  leaves  abortive.  Perianth 
densely  hirsute  with  spreading-  hairs,  about  5  lines  long-.  Anther-con- 
nective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  densely  hirsute  on  a 
g-labrous  stipes ;  style  elongated ;  ovule  solitary.  Drupe  obliquely 
elHpsoid,  i  to  |  in.  long-. — E.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  161,  Prod. 
372,  Prot.^Nov.  13  ;  Rudg-e  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  291,  t.  16;  Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  33? ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  327. 

N.  S.  \^^ales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  i?.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  66, 
and  many  others.  However  variable  the  leaves  may  be  in  breadth,  they  scarcely 
supply  the  means  of  distinguishing  marked  vaiieties  as  proposed  by  Meissner.  In  our 
specimens  of  Sieber's  P.  arida,  Pl.  Exs.  7i.  55,  tliey  are  not  broader  than  in  those  of  his 
n.  56,  but  rather  scabrous  than  hirsute.  In  A.  Cunningham's  P.  aspera,  from  between 
Hunter's  and  Eichmond  rivers,  they  are  very  scabrous,  short,  aiid  rather  broad ;  in  K. 
Brown's  typical  specimens  they  are  narrow  and  Terj'  hispid. 

33.  P.  chamsepitys,  A.  C/ot».  in  Fidd,  N.  S.  Walcs,  329.  A  pros- 
trate  or  divaricate  shrub,  quite  g-hibrous  or  the  young-  branches  shg-htly 
pubescent.  Leaves  crowded,  narrow-hnear,  acute  and  rigid  but  scarcely 
pung-ent-pointed,  channelled  underneath  with  revohite  margins,  not 
scabrous,  mostly  about  |  in.  long-.  Flowers  very  shortly  pedicellate, 
sohtary  within  each  floral  leaf  but  crowded  into  short  heads  or  clusters 
at  or  below  the  ends  of  the  branches,  wdth  rediiced  floral  leaves.  Perianth 
4  to  6  Hnes  long-,  g-hibrous  or  sprinkled  with  a  few  appressed  hairs. 
Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  densely 
hirsute,  on  a  g-habrous  stipes ;  stvle  elong-ated  ;  ovule  solitary. — R.  Br. 
Prot.  Nov.  13;  Meissn.  in  DC.  'Vvo&.  xiv,  335  ;  P.  fjnidioides,  Sieb.  in 
Spreng-.  Svst.  Cur.  Post.  45,  and  in  Roem.  and  Schiilt.  Syst.  iii.  Mant. 
269. 

N.  S.  IVales.     Ehie  Mountains,  A.  Cunningham,  Sieber,  n.  53. 

34.  P.  arborea,  F.  Mudl.  Fragm.  v.  37,  vi.  221.  A  tree  of  about 
30  ft.,  the  branclies  aiid  sometimes  the  young-  shoots  hoary-pubescent 
or  ferrug-inous.  Leaves  oblong--lanceolate,  obtuse  or  scarcely  pointed, 
contracted  into  a  petiole,  g-labrous  above,  minutely  pubescent  under- 


Persoonia.]  civ.   PROTEACE.ti:.  395 

neath,  mo.stly  2  to  4  in.  long-,  lliit  or  the  margins  slij^-htly  recurved. 
Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  but  the  tloral  leaves  sometimes  reducecl  to 
small  bracts  or  quito  abortive  at  the  base  of  the  young-  shoots,  Pedicels 
pubescent,  1  to  2  lines  long*.  Perianth  larg-er  than  in  any  species  ex- 
cept  P.  (junniij  8  to  9  lines  long',  silky-pubescent,  the  seg"ments  with 
rather  thick  conical  dorsal  tips.  Anther-connective  not  produced  be- 
yond  the  cells.     Ovary  stipitate,  ghibrous  ;  style  elong-ated  ;  ovules  2. 

Victoria.  Moist  shady  woods  on  the  upper  T^^ers,  Tarwin,  Latrobe,  Tangil,  and 
Yarra  rivers,  iind  in  tlie  beech  woods  of  the  Luwer  regions  of  the  Kaw-Baw  Mountains, 
F.  Mueller. 

35.  P.  salicina,  Pers.  Syn.  i.  118.  A  tall  shrub,  the  young 
branches  minutely  pubescent,  the  foUag-e  g-lahrous.  Leaves  oblong-- 
lanceolate,  more  or  less  obHque  or  falcate,  obtuse  or  mucronate-acute, 
contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  mostly  4  to  8  in.  long-,  llat,  not  very 
thick,  more  or  less  distinctly  3-nerved  and  obHquely  veined.  Flowers 
at  the  base  of  the  shoots  axillary  or  below  the  leaves,  the  floral  leaves 
mostly  abortive  or  much  reduced.  Pedicels  2  to  4  lines  long,  g-labrous 
or  pubescent.  Perianth  glabrous  or  sHghtly  pubescent,  5  to  6  Hnes 
long-,  the  seg'ments  without  terminal  points.  Anther-connective  not 
produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  stipitate,  g"labrous  ;  style  elong-ated ; 
ovules  2. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  1G3,  Prod.  373  ;  Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  343. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  60,  and  many  others ;  Hast- 
ings  river,  Beckler ;  Port  Macquarrie,  Tozer. 

Var.  ?  Muelleri.  Quite  glabrous.  Leaves  broader,  less  falcate  or  straight,  thicker, 
with  nerve-like  margins,  and  mostly  2  to  4  lines  long.  Pedicels  shorter.  Perianth  not 
seen,  the  specimens  all  in  fruit  only. — Twofokl  Bay  and  Genoa  liver,  F.  Mudler. 

36.  P.  prostrata,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  163,  Prod.  373.  A 
traiHng*  prostrate  or  low  and  diffuse  shrub,  extending-  sometimes  to  2 
or  3  ft.,  giabrous  or  the  young  shoots  sHg-htly  pubescent.  Leaves 
broadly  elHptical  oblong-  or  ahnost  hinceohite,  acute  or  mucronate,  con- 
tracted  into  a  very  short  petiole,  1  to  1|  in.  long-,  not  so  rigid  as  in  P. 
cornifolia,  scarcely  veined  except  the  sHg-htly  prominent  midrib.  Pedicels 
short,  axillary,  soHtary  or  clustered  on  reduced  axiHary  shoots.  Perianth 
giabrous,  4  to  5  Hnes  long-,  the  seg-ments  without  terminal  points. 
Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  stipitate, 
glabrous  ;  style  elongated ;  ovules  2. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  342 ; 
P.  daphnoides,  A.  Cunn.  ;  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  15;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  339. 

Queensland.     Sandy  Cape,  Hervey  Bay,  B.Brown. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Hunter's  river,  A  Cunniiuiliam ;  New  England  near  Armidale 
and  head  ot  Macleay  river,  C.  Stuart  ;  Mount  Mitcliell,  BecJder. 

The  specimens  are  several  of  them  very  unsatisfactury,  but  all  described  as  prosfrate. 
The  toliage  is  nearly  that  of  some  short  leaved  specimeiis  of  P.  cornijolia,  but  the  ovary 
is  glabrous;  the  leaves  also  resemble  those  of  P.  revoluta,  but  are  flatter  and  greeu  on 
both  sides. 

37.  P.  lanceolata,  Andr.  Bot.  Bep.  t.  74.  An  erect  shrub  of  several 
ft.,  the  branches  and  young  shoots  hoary-pubescent,  the  adult  foHage 


396  civ.    PROTKACE.Ti:.  [Persuoiiia. 

glabrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  ol)long'-lanceolate,  mucro- 
nate-acute,  mucli  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  mostly  l^  to  2i  in. 
lony,  tlat,  tlie  midrib  slig'litly  prominent,  tlie  marg-ins  scarcely  nerve- 
like,  otlierwise  veinless.  Pedicels  exceeding-Iy  sliort,  solitary  or  2 
tog'ether,  pubescent,  rarely  1  line  long\  Perianth  about  5  lines  long-, 
pubescent  with  very  sliort  appressed  hairs,  the  seg^ments  without  ter- 
minal  points.  Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells. 
Ovary  glabrous,  contracted  into  a  short  stipes  ;  style  elong-ated ;  ovules 
2.— ii.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  1G2,  Prod.  "373  ;  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  340 ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  25 ;  P.  ligustrinn,  Knig-ht,  Prot. 
100  ;  P.  plavcesccm,  Sieb.  in  Roem,  and  Schult.  S^^st.  iii.  Mant.  271. 

N.  S.  VTales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  47  and  57,  and  many  others : 
New  England,  C.  Stuart. 

Var.  ?  lcevis.  The  whole  plant  glabrous.  Leaves  rather  longer  and  thinner,  broad 
or  narrow.  Pedicels  not  quite  so  short. — Clarence  aud  Matleay  rivers,  J5efA/e?';  Port 
Jackson  ?  (froni  garden  specimens  ) 

To  the  above  variety  may  probably  be  referred  LinJcia  heris,  Cav.  Ic.  iv.  Gl,  t.  389 
(very  badly  figured  and  describid),  F.  latifolia,  Andr.  Bot.  llep.  t.  280,  and  perhap^  al.so 
of  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1509.  P.  attevuata,  K.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  16,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  342,  from  Moreton  Bay,  Fraser,  is  described  Irom  spccimens  in  fruit  only,  and  may 
be  either  a  variety  of  P.  media  or  this  varlety  of  P.  lanceolata,  which  connects  in  some 
measure  the  two  species  as  to  foiiage  and  length  of  pedictls,  neglecting  the  haiiiness  of 
the  ovary  in  P.  media.  The  exact  discrimination  of  P.  lanceolata  and  several  allied 
species  is  often  very  difficult. 

38.  P,  confertiflora,  Benth.  An  erect  shrub  of  1  to  3  ft.,  the 
branches  and  inflorescence  slig'htly  ferruginous-pubescent,  otherwise 
glabrous.  Leaves  broadly  lanceolate  or  ovate-elliptical,  acute,  con- 
tracted  at  the  base  into  a  very  short  petiole,  2  to  3  in.  long",  flat,  tlie 
midrib  prominent  underneath,  more  or  less  distinctly  veined,  and  some- 
times  3-nerved.  Flowers  6  to  10  tog-ether  in  short  dense  leafless 
axillary  racemes  or  clusters,  the  rliachis  at  length  g-rowing-  out  to  3  or 
4  lines,  ferrug-inous-pubescent  as  well  as  the  very  sliort  pedicels,  the 
racemes  or  clusters  sometimes  shortly  pedunculate,  with  a  pair  of  small 
bracts.  Perianth  about  5  lines  long-,  villous  with  appressed  ferruginous 
or  silky  hairs,  the  seg-ments  without  terminal  points.  Anther-connec- 
tive  not  produced  beyond  tlie  cells.  Ovary  ver}^  shortly  stipitate,  quite 
glabrous  ;   style  elong-tited  ;   ovules  2.     Driipe  small,  ovoid. 

Victoria.  Scrubby  declivities  of  the  Stringy-bark  ranges  towards  Gipps'  Land, 
Mitta-Mitta  and  Genoa  rivers,  F.  Muelle.r.  These  specimens  were  referred  by  F. 
Mueller  and  Meissner  (in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  343)  to  P.  ferriiginea,  which  they  resemble  at 
first  sight,  but  tlie  ovary  is  perfectly  glabrous,  aud  the  ailiidty  appears  to  metobemuch 
greater  with  P.  lanceolata. 

30.  P.  lucida,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  161,  Prod.  372.  A  ttill 
shrub  or  snuiU  tree  of  12  to  10  ft.  with  a  lamellose  bark,  the  voung- 
branches  tomentose  or  sliortly  pubescent,  the  foliage  g-labrous.  Leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  mostly  acute,  shortly  contracted  at  the  base,  2  to  4  in. 
long',  flat  or  with  recurved  margins,  rather  thin,  obscurely  and  flnely 
veined.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-,  more  slender  and  less  pubescent 
than  in  P.  lanceolata,  all  axillary  or  forming'  racemes  at  the  base  of  the 


Persoonia.]  Civ.   proteacetk.  397 

branches  owing-  to  tlie  abortion  or  reduction  of  tlie  lower  floral  leaves. 
Periantli  sliy-htly  pubescent,  4  or  5  lines  long-,  the  seg-ments  with 
niinnto  torminal  ])oints  or  withont  any.  Anther-connoctive  not  pro- 
duced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovar}'  g'htbrous,  on  a  very  short  stipes;  style 
elong-ated ;  ovules  2. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod,  xiv.  3;J9. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Nepean  river,  Baucr  ;  Port  Jackson  to  the  Bhie  Mountains,  WooUs, 
A.  Cunnint/liciDi ;  Sjdiiey  woods,  Mncartlmr,  Faris  Exhibition,  1855,  n.  150  and  225, 
from  Port  Jackson,  and  n.  11  froni  lllawarra. 

Var.  ?  laiifolia.  Leaves  ratlier  broader  and  thinner.  Perianth  rather  longer,  with 
more  evident  points  to  the  segmeuts. — Clarence  river,  Beclcler. 

40.  P.  linearis,  Andr.  Bot.  licp.  t.  77.  A  tall  slirub  or  small  tree 
of  10  to  L?0  ft.,  the  young-  branches  pubescent  or  villous,  the  adult 
foliag-e  usually  g-labrous.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  linear,  acute  or 
ahnost  obtuse,  contracted  at  the  base,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  |  to  l^  lines 
broad,  obscurely  veined.  Pedicels  solitary,  1  to  3  Hnes  long-.  Perianth 
about  5  Hnes  long-,  more  or  less  pubescent  with  short  appressed  hairs. 
Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  giabrous, 
stipitate ;  style  elong-ated ;  ovules  2.  Drupe  ovoid. — R.  Br.  in  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.  x.  161,  Prod.  372 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  335 ;  Vent. 
Jard.  Mahn.  t.  32 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  700 ;  F.  angustifuliu  Knight,  Prot.  99 ; 
P.  pinifolia,  Sieb.  PL  Exs. ;  P.^Jilifolia,  Dietr. ;  lioem.  and  Schult.  Syst. 
iii.  401 ;  P.  prtdnosa,  A.  Cunn. ;  Steud.  Nom.  Bot.  ed.  2  .''  (the  specimens 
not  in  tiower)  ;  Pentadactylon  anc/mtifoUnm,  Gtertn.  f.  Fr.  iii.  219,  t.  220  ; 
Persoonia  pcntadactylon  Steud.  Nom.  Bot.  ed.  2. 

Queensland.     Stradbrooke  islacd,  Fraser. 

N.  S  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  tlie  Blue  Mountain,<!,  R.Broion,  Si^her,  n.  50,  and 
manyothirs;  northward  to  Ha.siings  and  JMacleay  rivers,  ^ecWer/  southward  to  lUa- 
warra,  Slieplierd,  A.  Cunningham,  Macarthur,  Paris  Exhibition,  n.  115,  and  Twofold 
Bav,  F.  Mueller. 

Victoria.     Genoa  and  Snowy  rivcrs  and  Nangatta  mountains,  F.  Mueller. 

Var.  stricea.    Silky-pubesceut  at  the  time  of  tiowering. — Shoalhaven  river,  C.Moore. 

The  fruit  of  this  species  is  said  to  be  one  of  those  most  known  under  the  name  of 
"Geebung."  The  plant  varies  much  in  the  brcadth  of  the  leavcs.  K.  Brown  describes 
the  bark  as  smooth,  and  the  leaves  of  his  specimeus  are  all  very  narrow ;  F.  Mueller 
and  others  have  sent  witli  their  specimens,  mostly  with  broader  leaves,  a  iamellose  bark 
like  that  ot'  F.  lucida.  The  real  distinction  between  the  tvvo  species  requires  therefore 
furlher  eluciJation  irom  the  observation  of  living  specimens. 

In  referring  Gsertner's  Pentadactijlon  to  this  species,  I  have  been  guided  by  a  speci- 
men  in  the  Banksian  Herbarium  named  Fersoonia  angustifolia  in  the  same  handwriting 
as  the  name  of  Fersooniaferruginea,  there  given  to  a  .«pecimen  of  the  latter  plant  from 
the  same  collection  (Mr.  Burlon),  whicli  was  evidently  the  one  wliich  Ga^rtner  also  de- 
scribed  under  the  latter  narae.  The  lobed  embryo  he  figures  has  also  been  observed 
by  F.  Mueller  iu  F.  chamcepeuce. 

41.  P.  pinifolia,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  100,   Prod.    372.     A 

shrub  attaining-  8  to  10  ft.,  with  virg-ate  branches  "■  often  pendulous," 
pubescent  as  well  as  the  young  loaves,  the  adult  foHag-e  giabrous.  Leaves 
crowded,  erect  or  incurved,  Hnear-fiHform,  acute,  with  recurved  margins, 
channelled  underneath,  1  to  2  in.  long,  the  floral  ones  not  exceeding-  the 
flowers  but  otherwise  similar.  Flowers  on  very  short  pedicels  or  almost 
sessile,  soHtary  within  the  floral  leaves  but  owing-  to  their  reduced  size 


398  CIV,   PROTEACEiE.  [Pcrsooriia. 

forming'  a  dense  terminal  raceme  of  2  or  8  in.  or  even  twice  thatleng-th. 
Perianth  sHg-htly  silky-pubescent,  4  to  5  lines  long-,  the  seg-ments  rather 
obtuse.  Anther-connective  not  producedbeyond  the  cells.  Ovary  g-la- 
brous,  stij^itate  ;  style  elong-ated  ;  ovule  soHtary.  Fruit  ovoid,  scarcely 
obHque,  about  ^-  in.  long-. — Rudge  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  290,  t.  16  ; 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  884. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Port  .Tackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  B.  Brown,  and  many  others. 
Sydney  woods,  Paris  Exhibition,  1855,  iVArthur,  n.  216. 

42.  P.  Caleyi,  i?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  13.  A  shrub  of  several  ft.,  the 
branches  tomentose-pubescent.  Leaves  narrow-Hnear,  acute  or  almost 
obtuse,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  wuth  sHghtly  rccurved  marg-ins,  veinless,  g-la- 
brous  above,  pale  and  often  minutely  pidjescent  underneath.  Flowers 
axilkiry,  soHtary  (or  rarely  2  together  '(),  sessile  or  on  exceeding-ly  short 
pedicels.  Periantli  slender,  sHglitly  tomentose  or  nearly  gdabrous,  about 
5  Hnes  long-,  the  scg-ments  tipped  with  fine  points.  Anther-connective 
not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  glabrous^  on  a  short  slender 
stipes. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  385. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.     Jarvis  Bay,  Caley. 

Victoria?    Wilson's  Promontory,  Baxter,  but  possibly  some  mistake  in  this  station. 

I  have  seen  this  pbint  only  in  li.  Bro\vn'8  heibarium,  where  there  are  several  good 
specimens.  It  is  evidently  allied  to  P.  hdifolia  and  P.  revoluta,  but  with  the  very 
narrow  leavcs  of  P.  linearis,  and  distingiiished  from  all  three  by  the  long  points  of  the 
perianth-scgnifnts. 

43.  P.  ledifolia,  A.  Ciain. ;  Mcissn,.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  389.  A  tall 
erect  busliy  shrub,  the  branches  shortly  ferruginous-villous.  Leaves 
oblong--Hnear  or  nearly  lanceolate,  obtuse,  very  shortly  contracted  at 
the  base,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  tlie  margins  recurved,  g'labrous  and  smooth 
above,  pale  or  hoary  and  often  minutely  pubescent  underneath.  Pedicels 
axillary,  excecding-ly  short,  villous.  Perianth  about  5  lines  long-,  slig'htly 
villous,  with  spreading-  hairs,  the  segments  without  terminal  points. 
Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cclls.  Ovary  g'labrous,  on 
a  very  !<hort  stipes;  style  elong-ated;  ovules  2.     Drupe  obliquely  ovoid. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.     IUawarra,  A.  Cunningham,  Shjiherd. 

44.  P.  revoluta,  Sich.  in  lioem.  and  Schult.  Sijst.  iii.  Mant.  272.  An 
erect  or  spreading-  shrub  of  2  to  4  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  silky,  the  adult 
foliag-e  g-labrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  in  the  ty])ical  form  obovate-oblong 
to  oblong'-lanceolate,  very  obtuse,  shortly  contracted  at  the  base,  but 
not  distinctly  petiolate,  f  to  1  in.  long-,  with  recurved  or  revolute  mar- 
g;ins,  coriaceous,  gdabrous  and  smooth  above,  pale  or  white  and  long-  re- 
taining-  a  slight  pubescence  underneath.  Flowers  solitary,  erect  on  very 
short  pedicels.  Perianth  silky-pubescent,  about  5  lines  long-,  the  seg'- 
ments  tipped  with  short  points.  Ovary  glabrous,  stipitate ;  style  elon- 
gatcd;  ovulcs  2.— R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  14  j  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  339. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Bluo  Mountains,  Sieher,  n.  48,  A.  Cunningham,  Woolls,  Miss 
Atldnson ;  Berrima,  M'Arthur. 

Var.  anguslifolia.  Leaves  mostly  oblong-linear. — Blue  Mountains,  Miss  Atlinson ; 
Argyle  County,  M'Arthur. 


Persoonia.]  civ,  proteace.e.  399 

This  species  as  well  as  the  P.  prostrata  was  designated  by  A.  Cunningham  by  the 
nanie  of  P.  dapJinoides. 

45.  P.  Gunnii,  HooA-.f.  >»  Hooh.  Lond.  Journ.  vi.  283,  Fl.  Tasni.  i.  321. 
An  erect  busliy  shrub  ot"  G  to  10  ft.,  the  brauclies  aud  youug-  shoots 
more  or  less  hoary  or  silky-tomentose.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  cuneate- 
oblong-  oblono--Hnear  or  linear-spathulate,  f  to  1|  in.  long",  obtuse,  ilat, 
thick,  nerveless,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  quite  g-hibrous  in  the 
typical  form.  Flowers  larg-er  than  in  any  species  except  P.  arhorca,  on 
short  thick  tomentose  pedicels,  all  soHtary  in  the  axils,  but  sometimes 
clustered  towards  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Perianth  hoary-pubescent 
or  nearly  g4abrous,  8  to  9  lines  long*.  Anther-connective  not  produced 
beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  stipitate,  g-labrous,  style  elong-ated  ;  ovules  2. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  340. 

Tasmania.  Mountain  regions,  Lake  St.  Clair,  May-Dayplains,  Gunn;  Port  Davy, 
MiV.igan;  Mount  Lapeyrouse,  C.  Stuart. 

Var.  angustifolia.  More  silky ;  leaves  narrower  and  longer;  perianth  more  pubes- 
cent. — Macquarrie  Harbour,  Jlilligan.  Some  of  the  Mount  Lapeyrouse  specimens 
closely  connect  the  two  extreme  forms. 

46.  P.  moUis,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  IGl,  Prod.  S72.  A  tall 
erect  slirub  or  small  tree,  the  young-  branches  ferrug-inous-villous. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  Hnear-lanceolate,  acute,  shortly  contracted  at  the 
base,  mostly  1|  to  2|  in,  long-,  the  margins  recurved,  g^abrous  above 
when  young-  aud  more  or  less  veined,  paler  pubescent  and  veiuless  un- 
derneath  or  rarely  when  okl  quite  giabrous.  Flowers  sessile  or  on  very 
short  villous  pedicels,  the  lioral  leaves  sometimes  ahnost  opposite,  or  in 
whorls  of  3.  Perianth  densely  villous,  6  to  6  lines  long*  or  even  rather 
longer.  Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary 
stipitate,  giabrous  ;  style  elong-ated ;  ovules  2,  but  one  of  them  often 
abortive  at  a  very  earlv  stag'e.  Drupe  small,  oblique, — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  339. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  J31ue  Mountains,  B.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  .54,  A.  and  R.  Canningham, 
Jliss  Atldnson.  In  sonie  herbaria  specimens  of  P.  hirsuta  are  designated  by  A.  Cun- 
niugham  uader  the  name  of  P.  mollis. 

47.  P.  Hgida,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  14.  A  bushv  shrub  of  3  or  4  ft., 
the  branches  softly  tomentose-villous  and  often  ferrug-inous.  Leaves 
from  obovate  to  linear-spathulate,  mucronate,  much  contracted  at  the 
base  butscarcelypetiolate,  f  to  \^  in.  long-,  themarg-ins  usually  recurved 
or  replicate,  softly  or  scabrous-pubescent  at  least  when  young-,  and  more 
so  and  the  midrib  more  conspicuous  on  the  upper  than  on  the  under 
surface,  the  old  leaves  rarely  glabrous.  Flowers  almost  sessile  and 
solitary  in  the  axils,  but  sometimes  several  crowded  at  the  base  of 
axillary  shoots  with  one  or  two  of  the  iloral  leaves  reduced  to  small 
bracts.  Perianth  densely  villous,  6  to  nearly  6  Hnes  long-.  Anther- 
connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  stipitate,  o-labrous ; 
style  elong-ated  ;  ovules  2.  Fruit  broad,  about  |  in.  long-. — Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  337  ;  P.  spathulata,  Sieb.  in  Roem.  and  Schult.  Svst.  iii. 


400  civ.   PROTEACE^.  [Persootita. 

271,  and  probably  also  Lodd.  Bot.  Cal).  1. 1199,  and  therefore  of  Meissn. 
in  DC.  l.f.  S:iS  j)artly,  but  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  S.  Wales.  IJlue  Mountains,  Caley,  A.  CunniiigJiam ;  Macquarrie  and  Lachlan 
rivers,  A.  CutiiniKjham. 

Victoria.  Buffalo  range,  Mouut  Alexandcr,  Foi-est  Creek,  Broken  and  King  rivers, 
F.  Mutller. 

Var.?  mkrophyUa.  The  whole  plant  very  scabrous.  Leaves  broadly  spathuLate, 
about  4  in.  long  including  the  iong  vviiiged  peiiole.  Perianlh  slightly  scaljnnis  or 
hispid.— Bluo  Mountains,  Caley ;  Castlereagh,  C.  Moore;  also  in  Leichhardt' s  cul- 
lection. 

Tlie  species  has  sonietinies  some  resemblance  to  some  varieties  of  P.  sericca,  but 
readily  distinguished  by  tlie  ghibrous  ovary. 

48.  P.  curvifolia,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  13.  A  shrub  of  1  to  3  ft.,  the 
branches  softly  pubescent.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  usually  incurved, 
narrow-linear  wirh  revolute  margins  so  as  to  be  almost  terete  with  a 
deep  g-roove  nnderneatli,  acute,  very  scabrous,  |  to  1-^-in.  long-.  Flowers 
sohtary  in  the  axils  on  very  short  pedicels  or  ahnost  sessile,  crowded  at 
or  near  the  ends  of  the  branches  and  a  few  of  the  floral  leaves  very 
small  or  abortive,  forming-  a  very  short  terminal  or  subterminal  raceme 
or  spike.  Pcrianth  5  or  G  hnes  k)ng',  shghtly  pubescent.  Anther-con- 
nective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  g'kibrous,  stipitate  ;  style 
elongated  ;  ovules  'J. — Aleissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  337 ;  P.  ahietina,  A. 
Ctmn. ;  Meissn.  l.c.  336. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Harvey's  range,  west  of  Wellington  valley,  A.  Cunningham  ;  St. 
George's  range,  Fraser ;  Castlereagh  river,  C.  Moore.  Resembles  sonie  specitnens  of 
P.  fastigiata,  under  which  nanie  it  also  occurs  in  A.  Cunningham's  colleciions,  but  is 
readiiy  distinguished  by  the  glabrous  ovary. 

49.  P.  oblongata,  A.  Cunn. ,-  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  14.  Ghabrous  or 
the  branches  very  shg-htly  pubescent.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate  or 
lanceolate,  mucronate-acute,  rounded  or  contracted  at  the  base,  nearly 
sessile,  mostly  about  \\  in.  long-,  ilat,  not  thick,  scarcely  veined  besides 
the  midrib.  Pedicels  axillary,  slender,  recurved,  \  io  ^  in.  long-  or 
even  long'er,  usually  g"labrous.  Perianth  about  5  lines  long",  much  con- 
stricted  above  the  base,  giabrous,  the  seg'ments  without  subulate  points. 
Ovary  stipitate,  quite  giabrous  or  rarely  s])rinkled  with  very  few  hairs. 
— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  341  ;  P.  plamfoUa,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. 

N.  S.  'Wales.     Towards  PIunter's  river,  A.  Cunningham  ;  Blue  Mouutains,  WooUs. 

60.  P.  Cunninghamii,  i?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  15.  An  erect  or  spread- 
ing'  low  shrub,  closely  allied  to  I\  ?>iijrtilloidcs  and  perhaps  a  variety, 
the  branches  sparingiy  pubescent  or  hirsute.  Leaves  numerous,  ovate, 
mucronate-acute,  ^  to  1  in.  long-,  the  larger  ones  often  very  broad, 
coiiaceous,  Hat,  1-nerved.  Pedicels  all  axillary,  giabrous,  slender,  2  to 
4  lines  long'.  Perianth  4  to  5  lines  long-,  giabrous,  the  seg-ments  tipped 
with  long-  clorsal  subulate  points.  Anther-connective  not  produced  be- 
yond  the  cells.  Ovary  stipitate,  giabrous ;  style  elong-ated  ;  ovules  2. — 
Meissn.  in  1)C.  Prod.  xiv.  342. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Country  north  of  Cujccgong  river,  ^.  rM7??!/r?/7/(am ;  sandy  ridges, 
Liverpool  plains,  C.  Moore.  A  specimen  without  tlowers  from  Mudgee,  WooUs,  may 
Iiossibly  belong  also  to  this  species. 


Persoonia.]  civ.  pkoteace^.  401 

51.  P.  myrtilloides,  Sieb.  in.  Eocm.  and  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Mant.  272. 
A  much-brauclied  spreading-  slirub  of  4  ft.  (Frascr),  the  branches  and 
sometiuies  the  youug-  shoots  jiubescent,  the  adult  foliag-e  g-labrous  or 
nearl}^  so.  Leaves  in  the  typical  form  oblong--lanceolate,  mucronate, 
contracted  at  tlie  base  and  sometimes  shortly  petiolate,  |  to  above  1  in. 
long-,  rig-id,  the  nerve-like  margin  slig-htly  recurved,  the  midrib  scarcely 
prominent,  otherwise  flat  and  veinless.  Pedicels  axillary,  pubescent, 
spreading-,  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  4  to  5  lines  long-,  pubescent,  the 
seg-ments  tipped  with  dorsal  horn-like  points.  Anther-connective  not 
produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  stipitate,  g-labrous  ;  style  elong-ated  ; 
ovules  2.— R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  14;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  339;  P. 
oleifolia,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Blue  Mountains,  xi.  Cunningliam,  Fraser,  Sieher,  n.  52,  and 
otliers. 

Var.  hrevifoUa.  Leaves  4  to  f  in.  long,  varying  from  lanceolate  to  almost  ovate,  the 
floral  ones  sometimes  reduced  to  small  bracts.    Pedicels  pubescent.    Perianth  not  seen. 

Victoria.  Upper  Genoa  river  and  Nangatta  mountains  up  to  4000  ft.  elevation, 
F.  Mueller,  the  specimens  ali  in  fruit  only. 

52.  P.  oxycoccoides,  Sicb.in  Sprcnf/.  St/st.  Cur.  Post  4l5,  andinlioem. 
aml  Schult.  Si/st.  iii.  Mant.  270.  A  much-branched  shrub,  sometimes 
low  and  bushy  or  even  procumbent,  sometimes  said  to  be  very  tall, 
more  or  less  scabrous-pubescent  or  quite  glabrous.  Leaves  very  shortly 
petiolate,  orbicular  ovate  elliptical  or  oblong--lanceolate,  obtuse,  rig'id, 
with  recurved  marg-ins,  veinless  except  the  midrib,  2  to  3  lines  long' 
when  broad,  twice  that  lenglh  when  narrow.  Pedicels  axillary,  spread- 
ing-,  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous,  about  4  lines  long-,  the  seg*- 
ments  without  terminal  points.  Anther-connective  not  produced 
beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  stipitate,  g-labrous;  style  elong-ated ;  ovule 
solitary  in  all  the  ovaries  opened. — R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  15 ;  Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  338  ;  P.  thi/mifolia,  A.  Cunn. ;  R.  Br.  l.c. ;  Meissn.  l.c. ; 
P.  microphi/lla,  R.  Br.  l.c. ;   Meissn.  l.c. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.  Blue  Mountains,  A.  Cvnningham,  Sieher,  n.  49,  Woolls  ;  Argyle 
County,  A.  Cmminghaiu;  Berrinia,  31'Arthurj-  soutliern  districts,  C.  Moore ;  Shoal- 
haven,  Bietmann. 

The  majority  of  the  numerous  sijccimens  I  have  seen  are  in  fruit  only,  and  in  that 
state  the  three  supposed  species  do  not  appear  to  me  to  be  distingui.shable  even  as 
marked  varieties,  notwithstanding  the  great  differences  in  the  size  and  shape  of  the 
leaves.  Some  very  imperfect  specimens  from  Darling  Downs,  Lau,  may  possibly  belong 
to  the  same  species. 

Var.  ?  longifolia.  "  A  small  tree."  Leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  about  1  in.  long. — 
New  England,  C.  Stuart,  and  perhaps  the  same  from  the  Bhie  Mountains  in  Herb.  F, 
Mueller,  where  both  are  referred  to  P.  oxycoccoides.  This  determination  is,  liowever, 
very  doubtful,  and  there  are  no  flowers  on  either  specinien. 

53.  P.  nutans,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  1G2,  Prod.  373.  An 
erect  glabrous  shrub,  usually  low  and  bushy  with  numerous  slender 
branches,  tlie  young*  shoots  rarely  minutely  hoary-pubescent.  Leaves 
narrow-linear,  acute,  contracted  at  the  base,  |  to  above  1  in.  long-, 
flat  or  the  margins  slightly  recurved,  the  midrib  prominent  underneath. 
Pedicels  axillary,  solitary  or  rarely  2  together,  filiform,  3  to  5  lines 

VOL.  V.  D  D 


402  civ.   PROTEACEJE.  [Petsoonia. 

long-,  vcrj  spreading;  or  at  leng-th  reflexed.  Periantli  glabrous,  about 
4  lines  long-,  the  seg-ments  tipped  with  fine  points  usually  short.  An- 
ther-connective  not  producod  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  on  a  rather 
long-  stipes,  giabrous;  style  elong-ated,  often  but  not  always  very 
flexuose  at  the  base;  ovules  2. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  335,  P. 
linearis,  Sieb.  PL  Exs. ;  P.Jexifolia,  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  922,  and  con- 
sequently  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  337  in  part,  not  of  R.  Br. 

N,  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  tlie  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  4G,  and 
Fl.  Mixt.  n.  472,  and  mauy  others. 

Var.  apiculata.  Perianth  rather  longer,  the  points  of  the  segments  long  and  fine. — 
P.  apiculata,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  73,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  335. — Liver- 
pool  road  near  Sydney,  with  the  typical  form,  A.  Cunningham.  The  bending  of  the 
Htyle  above  the  ovaryand  the  greater  or  less  prominence  of  the  tips  of  the  segments  are 
both  vei'y  variable  in  the  numerous  specimens  before  me  of  P.  nuians. 

64.  ?  P.  angulata,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  14.  An  erect  shrub,  gdabrous 
or  nearly  so.  Leaves  crowded,  oblong--linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  acute 
or  Avith  a  short  callous  point,  contracted  at  the  base,  1  to  l^  in.  long-, 
thick,  nerveless,  concave.  Pedicels  solitary,  about  1  liue  long-.  Flow^ers 
and  fruit  unknown. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  339. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Bhie  Mountains,  A.  Cunningham.  Evidently  distiiict  from  all 
other  species,  and  most  prohaMy  a  Persoonia,  but  it  must  remain  doubtful  till  flowering 
specimens  have  been  exumined. 

55.  P.  virgata,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  101,  Prod.  372.  A 
larg^e  shrub,  with  numerous  slender  branches  more  or  less  pubescent, 
the  adult  foliag-e  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  Leaves  narrow-linear,  acu- 
minate,  contracted  at  the  base,  1  to  1 J  in.  long-,  flat  concave  or  g-rooved 
above,  convex  underneath  without  any  prominent  midrib.  Pedicels 
slender,  giabrons  or  minutely  pubescent,  about  \  in.  long-.  Perianth 
glabrous,  4  to  4|  lines  long,  the  segments  tipped  with  minute  points. 
Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  giabrous,  on 
a  rather  short  and  thick  stipes ;  style  elong-ated ;  ovules  2. — Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  338;  P.  linariifolia,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. ;  P.  tenvifolia, 
Meissn.  l.c.  334,  not  of  R.  Br. 

Queensland.  Sandy  Cape,  Hervey  Bay,  B  Vr-ywn  ;  sandy  shores  of  Stradbrooke 
Island,  .1.  Cunningliam,  Fraser ;  Moreton  Isiand,  M'Gillivray,  F.  3Iueller;  Pine  river, 
Fitzulan. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.     Cape  Byron,  C.  Moore. 

This  species  resembles  in  some  respects  P.  nutans,  but  the  flowers  are  more  ercct 
and  the  leaves  grooved  on  the  upper  and  not  on  the  under  side,  the  margins  rather  in- 
curved  than  rccurved. 

56.  P.  chamsepeuce,  IJuifsltu ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  336.  A 
low-  documbent  or  erect  shrub,  cpiite  giabrous  or  the  young-  shoots 
sparingiy  pubescent.  Leaves  spreading-,  linear,  acute  but  not  pung-ent, 
contracted  at  the  base,  rigid,  flat  or  slightly  concave,  without  any  pro- 
minent  midrib,  \  to  1  in.  long".  Pedicels  axillary,  solitary,  rarely  above 
2  lines  long-.  Perianth  giabrous,  acuminate,  about  5  lines  long\  An- 
ther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  stipitate, 
glabrous ;  style  elong-ated ;  ovules  solitary  in  the  ovaries  examined. — 


PersOO/tia.]  CIV.    PROTEACEiE.  403 

P.  mffmticosa,  F.  Muell.  Ist  Gen.  Rep.  17;  P.   Culnji,   F.  Muell.  Pl. 
Vict.  ii.  t.  09,  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.     Barren  rocky  hills  near  Bathurst,  A.  Cunnivf/ham,  Woolls. 
Victoria.     HarcHnge  and   Buftalo  r;nif;es,  niountains  on  Macalister  river,  between 
Lod(lon  and  Creswick  Creeks,  between  Brokcn  and  Ovens  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

57.  P.  juniperina,  Lnhill.  Pl.  Nov.  Holl.  i,  33,  t.  45.  A  bushy  or 
divaricate  shrub,  sometimes  low  and  spreading-,  more  frequently  5  or  6 
f"t.  hig-h  or  even  much  taller,  the  young-  shoots  silky-pubescent,  the 
older  foliag'e  g'labrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  sessile,  narrow-linear, 
rig-id  and  pung-ent-pointed,  flat  or  concave,  the  midrib  prominent  under- 
neath  but  not  always  very  distinct,  ^  to  1  in.  long-.  Flowers  axillary, 
solitary,  on  very  short  pedicels.  Perianth  shortly  silky-pubescent  or 
nearly  g-labrous,  about  4  lines  long-,  the  segments  without  subulate 
points.  Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary 
stipitate.  g-labrous  ;  style  elong-ated  ;  ovules  2. — R.  Br.  in.  Trans.  Linn. 
Soc.  X.  160,  Prod.  372 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  336 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl. 
Tasm.  i.  321  ;  P.  surrecta,  F.  Muell.  in  Adelaide  Deutsch.  Zeit.  1851, 
(Meissn.) 

Victoria.  Port  Phillip,  B.  Brown  ;  from  the  Glenelg,  Bohertson,  and  Melbourne, 
Adamson,  to  Genoa  river,  F.  Mueller;  Dandenong  ranges  and  Grampians,  F.  MueUer  ; 
^Vimmera,  Dallachy. 

Tasmania,  Labillardlere;  Port  Dalrymple,  B.  Brown ;  very  common,  ascending 
to  3200  ft.,  /.  D.  Hoolcer. 

S.  Australia.     Mount  Lofty  range,  F.  Mueller  ;  Tattiara  country,  Woods. 

68.  P.  tenuifolia,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  12,  iKit  not  of  Meissn.  A  shrub 
with  slender  slig-htly  pubescent  branches.  Leaves  crowded,  filiform, 
more  or  less  spreading-,  acute  but  not  pung-ent,  nearly  terete,  g-rooved 
above,  g'labrous,  |  to  |  in.  long-.  Pedicels  axiUary,  rarely  1  line  long-. 
Perianth  g'labrous,  4  to  5  lines  long-,  the  seg-ments  without  subulate 
points.  Anther-connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary 
stipitate,  g-labrous  ;  style  elong-ated ;  ovules  2.     Fruit  broad. 

Queensland.  Logan  and  Brisbane  rivers,  Fraser;  Glasshouses  and  Moreton  Bay 
F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  VJTales.     New  England,  C.  Stuart ;  Biroa,  Leichhardt. 

59.  P.  acerosa,  Sieb.  in  Roem.  and  Schult.  St/st.  iii.  3fanf.  269.  A 
shrub  of  2  to  6  ft.,  with  slender  virg-ate  branches,  the  whole  plant  quite 
g-labrous  or  a  few  hairs  on  the  young-  shoots,  tlie  specimens  usually  dry- 
ing'  very  black.  Leaves  crowded,  more  erect  than  in  P.  tenuifolia,  fili- 
form,  acute  but  not  pungent,  nearly  terete,  grooved  above,  |  to  f  in. 
long-.  Flowers  axillary,  on  very  short  erect  pedicels,  scatteredor  form- 
ing'  a  long  leafy  raceme.  Perianth  g-labrous,  4  to  5  lines  long,  tlie  seg- 
ments  tipped  with  long  subulate  points.  Anther-connective  not  pro- 
duced  beyond  the  cells.  Ovary  stipitate,  g-labrous ;  style  elong-ated ; 
ovules  solitary  in  all  the  ovaries  examined.  Fruit  ovoid. — R.  Br.  Prot. 
Nov.  13 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  335  ;  P.  paJlida,  Grah.  in  Edinb. 
New  Phil.  Journ.  1828-9,  177  ;  Meissn.  l.c.  334. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Blue  Mountains,  Sieher,  n.  59,  Fraser,  Backhouse,  Miss  Athinson, 
Woolls ;  Blawarra,  Shepherd.  I  tind  this  specics  as  well  as  P.  curvifolia  sometimea 
dcsignated  as  B.  ahietina,  A.  Cunn. 

D  D  2 


404  CIV.    PROTEACE^. 

SuBORDER  2,  FoLLicuLARES. — Fruit  deliiscent,  follicular  or  2- 
valved  or  rarely  drupaceous  and  indeliiscent.  Flowers  usually  in  pairs, 
with  a  sing'le  bract  to  each  pair,  or  rarely  the  inllorescence  anomalous. 
Ovules  2  or  more,  collateral  in  each  pair. 

Tribe  5.  Grevillee^. — Ovules  2  or  4,  all  collateral.  Seeds  with- 
out  any  intervening-  substances  or  separated  only  by  a  thin  lamina  or 
mealy  substance.  Flowers  in  racemes  or  rarely  in  umbels  or  clusters, 
with  deciduous  or  abortive  bracts  or  rarely  surrounded  by  an  involucre 
of  imbricate  bracts. 

13.  HELICIA,  Lour. 

Flowers  hermaplirodite.  Perianth  reg-ular,  the  tube  slender,  the 
laminte  small,  the  segments  all  much  revohite  wlien  separating".  Anthers 
on  short  filaments  inserted  a  little  below  the  hmiince,  the  connective 
produced  into  a  short  appendag'e.  Hypogynous  g-lands  equal,  distinct 
or  united  in  a  ring-  or  cup  round  the  ovary.  Ovary  sessile,  with  a  long' 
straig-ht  style,  slig-htly  thickened  at  the  end  with  a  terminal  stig-ma ; 
ovules  2,  ascending-,  laterally  attached  near  the  base.  Fruit  hard, 
nearly  g-lobular,  indehiscent  (withovit  any  fleshy  exocarp  ?).  Seeds  either 
sohtary  and  giobuhir  or  two  tog-ether  and  hemispherical ;  testa  veined 
or  rug-ose ;  cotyledons  thick  and  fleshy. — Trees  or  tall  shrubs.  Leaves 
alternate,  entire  or  toothed.  Flowers  pedicellate  in  pairs,  in  terminal 
or  axillary  simple  racemes,  the  pedicels  of  each  pair  often  more  or  less 
connate.     Bracts  very  deciduous  (or  sometimes  none  ?). 

The  genus  is  spread  over  tropical  Asia  extending  nortliwards  to  Japan.  The  Austra- 
lian  species  appear  to  be  all  endemic,  although  one  of  them  closely  resembles  one  of  the 
most  widely  dispersed  of  the  Asiatic  oncs.  The  young  fruits  I  have  seen  appear  to  be 
fleshy  externally,  tho  fcw  ripe  ones  are  detached,  woody  and  smooth,  but  the  exocarp 
may  be  deciduous  as  in  Macadamia  ternifolia. 

Leaves  mostly  entire.     Flowers  glabrous. 

Perianth   7   to   8   hnes    long.      Hypogynous    ghmds    oblong    or 

obovoid,  quite  distinct 1.  H.  prcealta. 

Perianth  slcnder,  about  \  in.  loug.     Hypogyn"ns   glands  broad, 

truncate  but  distinct 2.  H.  australasica. 

Perianth  slender,  about  4  hnes  long.     Hypogynous  glands  more 

or  less  connate  in  a  trmicate  ring  or  cup 3.  H.  glahrijlora. 

Leaves  mostly  serrate.     Perianth  small,  deusely  ferruginous-villous 
as  well  as  the  whole  infloresceuce 4.  7/.  ferrnginea. 

1.  H.  prsealta,  F.  Muell.  Fraijm.  iii.  37.  A  moderate  sized  orsome- 
times  lofty  tree  attaining  100  ft.,  giabrous  except  the  inflorescence 
which  is  often  minutely  tomentose.  Leaves  lanceolate,  usually  narrow, 
obtuse  or  acuminate,  contracted  into  a  petiole,  quite  entire  in  all  the  speci- 
mens  seen,  only  3  or  4  in.  long-  in  a  few  specimens,  inostly  G  to  10  in. 
in  others,  coriaceous,  often  shining-,  penniveined  and  reticuhite,  the 
veins  fine.  Racemes  axillary  or  lateral,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  the  rhachis 
rigid.  Pedicels  2  to  3  Hnes  long-,  united  to  above  the  middle.  Perianth 
7  to  8  hnes  lonjj.  Hypog-ynous  giands  quite  distinct  and  narrow.  Ovary 


ffelicia.]  civ.  proteace^i;.  405 

g-labrous.     Fruit  smootli  and  hard,  above  1  in.  diameter,  but  not  seen 
quite  ripe.     Seed  (nearly  full-gTown)  with  a  deeply  rugose  testa. 

Queensland.     Scrubs  near  Brisbane,   W.  Hill. 

N.  S.  'Wales.     Clarence  river,  Beckler,  C.3Ioore;  Riclimond  river,  C.  Moore. 

2.  H.  australasica,  F.  MneU.  in  Ilook.  Kew  Joxirn,  ix.  27.  A  small 
tree,  quite  glabrous.  Leaves  oval-elliptical,  obtiise  or  scarcely  acumi- 
nate,  entire  or  irref^-ularly  tootbed,  coutracted  into  a  very  sbort  petiole, 
g"bibrous  and  veined  on  botli  sides,  4  to  8  in.  lon"-.  Racemes  axillary 
or  lateral,  sborter  tban  tbe  leaves  or  rarely  exceeding- tbe  sborter  upper 
ones,  quite  g'bibrous.  Flowers  in  pairs  on  an  exceedingly  sbort  common 
pedicel  so  as  to  appear  abnosfc  sessile  on  tbe  rbacbis.  Periantb  slender, 
g-labrous,  about  \  in.  long-,  Hypogynous  g'lands  broad  and  truncate  so 
as  apparently  to  form  a  ring-  or  cup,  but  really  free.  Ovary  villous. 
Fruit  not  seen. 

N.  Australia.  Towards  Macadam  range,  F.  Mueller ;  Port  Darwin,  Schultz. 
The  species  is  very  nearly  allied  to  tlie  common  Asiatic  H.  robusta. 

3.  H.  glabriflora,  F.  Muell.  Fmgm.  ii.  91.  A  small  tree  quite 
g'labrous.  Leaves  ovate-elliptical,  obtuse  or  obtusely  acuminate,  entire 
or  very  rarely  tootbed,  contracted  into  a  sbort  petiole,  2  to  3  in.  long", 
coriaceous  witli  tbe  veins  less  conspicuous  tban  in  H.  austmlasica.  Ra- 
cemes  terminal  axillary  or  lateral,  very  slender,  glabrous,  about  as  long 
as  tbe  leaves,  tbe  rbacbis  almost  flliform.  Pedicels  free  or  sbortly  united 
at  tlie  base,  ^^  to  1  line  long.  Periantb  very  slender,  giabrous,  about  4 
lines  long-.  H^^ogynous  giands  more  or  less  connate  in  a  truncate  ring' 
or  cup.  Fruit  only  seen  young. — H.  conjtmctijiom,  F.  Muell.  Fragm. 
V.  38. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Camden  Haven,  C.  Moore ;  Leycester  Creek,  Ricbmond  river, 
Bechler. 

4.  H.  ferruginea,  F.  Muell.  Fmgm.  iii.  37.  A  moderate-sized  tree, 
tbe  brancbes  and  inHorescence  densely  villous  witli  ferruginous  or  ful- 
vous  bairs,  wbicb  often  persist  on  tbe  principal  veins  of  tbe  underside 
of  tbe  leaves.  Leaves  sbortly  petiolate,  ovate-elliptical  or  oblong,  acu- 
minate,  serrate,  contracted  or  rounded  at  tbe  base,  3  to  4  in.  long  in 
some  specimens,  twice  tbat  size  in  otbers,  tbe  veins  very  prominent 
underneatb,  tbe  primary  ones  sometimes  numerous  and  regular,  in  otbers 
fewer  and  more  unequal,  tbe  minor  reticulations  also  very  variable. 
Racemes  terminal  or  axillary,  ratber  dense,  sborter  tban  tbe  leaves. 
Flowers  small,  in  pairs  on  a  very  sbort  common  pedicel.  Perianth 
slender,  densely  rufous-villous,  2|  to  3  lines  long-.  H^-pogynous  giands 
short  and  broad,  irregular,  2  of  tbem  sometimes  united.  Fruit  not  seen 
ripe. 

Queensland.     Eockingbam  Bay,  Dallachy. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.     Tweed,  Ricbmond  and  Glarence  rivers,  C.  Moore, 


40U  civ.    PKOTEACEiE.  [Macadiimia. 


14.  MACADAMIA,  F.  Muell. 

Flowers  liermaphrodite.  Periantli  reg-ular  or  slig-litly  irreg-ular,  the 
tube  opening-  earlier  on  the  under  side  and  the  seg-ments,  at  least  the 
lower  ones,  less  revolute  than  in  Ilclma.  Anthers  on  short  filaments, 
inserted  a  little  below  the  laminie,  the  connective  produced  into  a 
g-land  or  very  short  appendage.  Hypogynous  g-hmds  equal,  distinct 
or  united  in  a  ring-  or  cup  round  the  ovary.  Ovary  sessile,  with  a  long 
straig-ht  style,  ovoid  or  chavate  at  the  end,  -with  a  small  terminul  stig'ma; 
ovules  2,  descending-,  laterally  attached  at  or  near  the  top.  Fruit  g-lo- 
bular,  indehiscent,  with  a  hard  thick  putamen  and  rather  thin  lleshy 
exocarp.  Seeds  either  soHtary  and  g-lobular  or  2  and  hemispherical ; 
testa  membranous ;  cotyledons  thick  and  fleshy. — Trees  or  tall  shrubs. 
Leaves  verticiHate,  entire  or  serrate.  Flowers  pedicellate  in  pairs,  in 
terminal  or  axilhiry  simple  racemes,  the  pedicels  not  connate.  Bracts 
very  dcciduous. 

The  geniis  is  enJeiiiic  in  Austi-alia.  It  is,  as  observed  by  F.  Mueller,  closely  allied 
to  Helicia,  biit  the  verticillate  leaves,  constantly  free  pedicels,  i^llgiitly  oblique  flowers, 
descendiiig  ovules  and  more  drupaceous  iruits,  niay  justify  the  retaining  it  as  distinct. 

Perianths  about  8  lines  long,  in  short  dense  racemes.    Hypogynous 

glands  ovoid,  distinct 1.  J/.  Youngiana. 

Perianths  2  to   3   lines   long,   in   slender  racemes.     Hypogynous 
glands  broad,  truncate,  united  in  a  cup  or  ring. 

Leaves  in  wliorls  of  3  or  4.     Racemes  long 2.  M.  ternifolia. 

Leaves  in  whurls  of  5  to   7.     Eacemes  much  shorter  than  the 

leaves 3.  J/.  veriicillata. 

1.  M.  Youngiana,  F.  Mucll.  A  shrub  of  8  to  10  ft.,  the  young- 
branclies  and  inflorescence  ferruginous-pubescent.  Leaves  shortly 
petiolate,  in  whorls  of  3  or  4,  oblong'-elliptical,  acute  or  acuminate, 
entire  or  with  a  few  small  teeth,  rounded  or  contracted  at  the  base,  2 
to  4  in.  long',  glabrous  above,  silky  underneath  wlien  young-.  Racemes 
terminal,  rather  dense,  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Pedicels  ferrug-inous- 
pubescent,  rarely  above  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  pubescent,  about  8 
lines  long',  the  three  lower  segments  remaining-  long-er  coherent  and  less 
revolute  than  the  upper  one.  Anther-connectives  produced  into  a 
short  obtuse  appendag-e.  Hypogynous  glands  oblong-,  quite  distinct. 
Ovary  villous ;  stvle-end  ovoid. — Ilclicia  Youngiana,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m. 
iv.  84. 

N.  S.  ■^Vales.  Head  of  the  Clarence  river,  G.  Moore;  Eichmond  river,  C.  Moore, 
Faii-cdt,  IIeiuicr.son. 

2.  M.  temifolia,  F.  Mucll.  in  Trans.  PJtil.  Inst.  Yict.  ii.  72,  with  a 
plate.  A  small  tree  with  a  very  dense  foliag-e,  giabrous  or  the  young- 
branches  and  influrescence  minutely  pubescent.  Leaves  sessile  or  nearly 
so,  in  whorls  of  3  or  4,  oblong-  or  lanceolate,  acute,  serrate  with  fine 
or  prickly  teeth,  giabrous  and  shining-,  from  a  few  in.  to  above  1  ft. 
long-.  Kacemes  often  as  long-  as  the  leaves,  with  numerous  small  flowers, 
the  pairs  ofteu  clustered  or  almost  verticillate.     Pedicels  at  first  very 


AfacadamUt.]  civ.   proteace^.  407 

sliort  and  nut  above  2  lines  wlien  in  fruit.  Periantli  minutely  pubes 
cent  or  glaljrous,  nearly  3  lines  long-.  Hypogynous  g-lands  united  in  u 
ring-.  (Jvary  villous  ;  style-end  clavate.  Fruit  with  a  2-valved  lleshy 
exocarp ;  the  putamen  g-lobular,  smooth  and  shining-^  thick  and  woody, 
often  above  1  in.  diameter. — HeUcia  temifolia,  F.  Muell.  Frao-m.  ii.  91, 
vi.  191.  '  o  , 

Queensland.     Pine  river  and  Moreton  I5ay,  W.  Hill ;  Dawson  and  Burnett  rivers, 
Leicliliardt  (witli  the  leaves  less  toothed  and  the  flowers  rather  larger). 

N.  S.  'Wales.     Chirence  and  liichmond  rivers,  C.  Jloore  (leaves  rather  small). 

3.  IVI.   verticillata,    F.    Muell.      Younj^   shoots  and  inflorescence 

slig-htly  hoary  or  rusty-tomentose.     Leaves  in  whorls  of  5  or  6,  oblong- 

lanceolate,  obtuse  with  a  small  callous  point  or  ahnost  acute,  coarsely 

toothed,  contracted  into  a  very  short  petiole,  3  to  5  in.  long-,  coriaceous, 

much  reticuhite.     Racemes  much  shorter  than  the  leaves,  with  nume- 

rous  small  crowded  llowers.     Bracts  on  the  ver}^  young  spikes  broad, 

villous,  falhng-  otf  long-  before  the  flowers  expand"^.     Pedicels  fihform, 

scarcely  2  hnes  long-,  hirsute.     Perianth  g-hibrous,  about  l^  lines  long". 

H^-pogynous  g-lands  united  in  a  ring-  or  cup.     Ovary  densely  villous ; 

style-end  clavate. — Helicia  verticillata,  F.  MuelL  Frag-m.  vi.  191. 

Queensland  or  N.  S.  'Wales,  Leicldiardt,  the  prccise  station  not  given  {Herb. 
F.  Mueller). 

15.  XYLOMELUM,  Sm. 

Flowers  partially  pol^-g-amous.  Perianth  reg-ular,  nearly  cyHndrical 
in  the  bud,  the  segments  revohite,  dilated  at  the  end  into  short  con- 
cave  laminte.  Anthers  apparently  perfect  in  all  the  flowers,  on  short 
filaments  inserted  a  httle  below  the  hamina?,  the  connective  produced 
beyond  the  cells  in  a  short  obtuse  or  g-land-hke  appendag*e.  Hypo- 
gynous  glands  4,  smalh  Ovary  in  the  fertile  flowers  shortly  stipitate 
or  almost  sessile,  tapering*  into  a  fihform  style  chivate  at  the  end,  with 
a  terminal  stigma  either  small  and  scarcely  prominent  or  large  thick 
and  pulvinate ;  ovules  2  h^terally  attached  below  the  middle ;  in  the 
sterile  flowers  the  ovary  is  abortive,  but  the  style  is  chivate  at  the  end 
though  without  any  stig'matic  surface.  Fruit  hirge,  ovoid  or  tapering 
above  the  middle,  very  thick  and  woody,  tardily  opening  along  the 
iipper  side  or  in  2  valves.  Seed  flat,  obhquely  ovate,  with  a  long  ter- 
minal  obHque  or  falcate  wing. — Trees  or  taU  shrubs.  Leaves  opposite, 
entire  or  prickly-toothed.  Flowers  in  opposite  dense  spikes,  axiUary 
or  at  first  forming*  a  terminal  chister,  becoming  hiteral  by  the  elonga- 
tion  of  the  branch.  Bracts  small,  at  first  imbricate,  but  faUing  off 
long  before  the  flowering.  Flowers  sessile  in  pairs  within  each  bract, 
the  lower  ones  of  the  spike  usually  perfect,  the  upper  ones  with  abor- 
tive  ovaries. 

The  genus  is  endemic  in  Australia,  where  it  is  widely  spread,  the  fruits  generally 
known  uuder  the  name  oi  loooden  pears. 

Leaves  veined,  those  at  least  of  the  barren  branches  prickly- 
toothed.     Perianths  ferruginous-villous,  5  to  6  lines  long. 

I;eaves  of  the   flowering  branches   usually  entire.      Eastern 

species 1.  X.pyriforme. 


408  crv.  PROTEACE^,  [Xylomelum. 

Leaves   of  the    flowering   branches    usually   prickly-toothed. 

Westem  species 2.  X  occidentale. 

Leaves  all  quite  entire.     Perianth  >ilky,  under  4  lines  long. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  often  falcate,  veined.  Fruits  nearly  glabrous, 

narrow.     Eastern  species 3.  -Y.  salicinum. 

Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  thick  and  veinless.     Fruits 

closely  tonientose.     ^\'estern  species 4.  X.  avgustlfolivm. 

1.  X.  pyriforme,  Knight,  Prot.  105.  A  tree  of  moderate  size,  the 
yoiing-  shoots  ferrug-inous-villous  or  tomentose  hut  soon  becoming'  g"la- 
brous,  the  spikes  remaining-  densely  tomentose-villous.  Leaves  of  the 
flowering'  branches  usually  entire,  Lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  very 
acute,  4  to  6  in.  long-  and  tapering-  into  a  rather  long-  petiole,  those  of 
flowerless  branches  or  of  young-er  plants  often  sinuate  and  prickly- 
toothed  and  attaining-  8  in.  with  short  petioles,  all  at  leng-th  coriaceous 
and  shining-.  Spikes  very  dense,  2  to  3  in.  long-,  usually  clustered  3  to 
6  tog-ether  and  at  first  appearing-  terminal,  but  soon  lateral  by  the 
growing-  out  of  the  shoots.  Bracts  woolly-villous,  orbicular,  IJ  to  2 
lines  diameter.  Perianth  about  5  lines  long-.  Style-end  chivate,  but 
smaller  and  shorter  than  in  A',  occidentale.  Fruit  2^  to  3  in.  long-  and 
above  1  in.  diameter  near  the  base,  somewhat  tapering'  above  the 
middle. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  189,  Prod.  387,  Prot.  Nov. 
31 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  422;  Endl.  IconogT,  t,  47,  48;  Reichb. 
Ic.  Exot.  t.  90;  Banhsia  pyriformis,  Gtertn.  Fr.  i.  220,  t.  47;  Sm.  in 
White,  Voy.  224,  t.  21  ;  Hahea  pyriformis,  Cav.  Anal.  Hist.  Nat.  i.  217, 
Ic.  vi.  25,  t.  536  ;    Conchium  pyrifo7'me,  Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  141. 

N.  S.  VTales.     Port  Jackson,  R.  Broivn,  Sieber,  n.  53,  and  many  others. 

2.  X.  occidentale,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Kov.  31.  An  irreg-ular  slirub  or  tree 
of  12  to  25  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  and  inflorescence  densely  ferrug-inous 
or  hoary-tomentose,  the  okler  leaves  g-h\brous.  Leaves  petiolate,  ovate 
eUiptical  or  oblong-,  irreg-ularly  marked  by  a  few  coarse  unduhite  prickly 
teeth,  3  to  5  in.  loug-.  Spikes  in  the  upper  axils,  3  to  5  in.  long-, 
flowering-  from  the  base  and  forming*  a  larg-e  terminal  densely  branched 
panicle  with  the  floral  leaves  much  reduced,  or  sometimes  the  leafy 
branch  gTowing-  out  leaving*  a  few  pairs  of  spikes  at  the  base.  Bracts 
very  broad,  concave,  truncate,  1  to  2  lines  diameter,  very  deciduous, 
Perianth  5  to  G  lines  long',  softly  tomentose-villous  as  well  as  the  bracts 
and  rhachis.  Anther-connectives  produced  into  an  oblong-  appendag-e. 
Ovary  very  densely  villous.  Style-end  clavate.  Fruit  2  to  3  in.  long' 
and  about  1  in.  diameter  near  the  base,  somewhat  tapering-  above  the 
middle,  but  verv  obtuse. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss,  i,  580,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  423 ;  Hook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  446. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  M^Lean ;  Geographe  Bay,  Fraser;  Swan 
river,  DrumDioiul,  ]st  coll.  n.  616,  Preiss,  n.  754;  Vasse  river,  Oldfeld.  I  have  great 
doubts  whethcr  this  species  be  sufficicntiy  distinct  frora  X.  pyriforme. 

3.  X.  salicinxim,  A.  Cunn.  in  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  31.  A  small  tree, 
glabrous  except  the  inflorescence  or  the  young'  shoots  minutely  hoary- 
pubescent.  Leaves  lanceolate,  broad  or  narrow,  obtuse,  falcate,  entire, 
contracted  into  a  slender  petiole,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  of  a  pale  green  above. 


Xylomelim.]  civ.  proteace.^.  409 

usually  glaucous  or  wliitish  underneatli.  Spikes  l^  to  2  in.  long-,  the 
rhachis  and  flowers  tomentose-pubescent  and  whitish,  sometimes  silvery. 
Bracts  small  and  broad,  imbricate  in  the  very  yoiing-  s])ike,  but  very 
deciduous.  Periantli  3  to  3|  lines  long-.  Ovary  villous.  Style  shortly 
clavate,  and  in  the  fertile  Howers  capped  by  a  thick  broad  pulvinate 
stig"ma,  which  I  have  not  observed  in  any  other  species.  Fruit  2| 
to  3  in.  long',  not  so  broad  as  in  X.  ■pijrifoi-im  and  tapering-  into  a  thick 
beak  recurved  at  tlie  end. — A'.  pi/riforme,  var.  salicimm,  R.  Br.  Prot. 
Nov.  31  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  423 ;  Helicia  Scottiuna,  F.  Muell. 
Frag-m.  iv.  107;  Xylomclum  Scottianum,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  v.  174,  215. 

Queensland.  Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunnhiqham ;  Dogwood  Creek,  Leichhardt ; 
Eockingham  Bay,  Dallachy ;  Darling  Downs,  Luu. 

4.  X.  angustifolium,  Kipp.  ;  3fcissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  423.  A 
shrub  of  6  to  8  ft.,  with  erect  virg-ate  branches,  the  inflorescence  and 
often  the  very  young-  shoots  silky-pubescent,  the  adult  foliage  g-labrous. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  4  to  6  in.  long',  tapering-  into  a  fine 
rig-id  point  when  perfect,  or  sometimes  obtuse  even  when  young",  con- 
tracted  into  a  petiole,  thick  but  flat,  veinless  except  the  midrib.  Spikes 
rather  loose,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  flowering-  fi-om  near  the  base. 
Bracts  broad,  silky-villous,  imbricate  in  the  very  young-  spikes  but 
falling*  off"  very  early.  Perianth  silky,  about  3|  Hnes  long".  Anther- 
connectives  tipped  with  a  small  g-land.  Style  slender,  sHg-htly  clavate 
at  the  end,  the  thickened  portion  covered  v\^ith  a  short  transparent 
pubescence  in  some  flowers,  glabrous  in  others,  but  in  aH  those  ex- 
amined  1  found  the  anthers  perfect  and  the  ovary  abortive,  the  perfect 
flowers  may  possibly  therefore  have  the  thick  stig'ma  of  X.  salicinum. 
Fruit  ovoid,  obHque,  about  2i  in.  long-,  sHg-htly  contracted  towards  the 
end,  covered  with  a  very  close  but  dense  tomentum. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  sujjpl.  n.  7  ;  Forrest  ?  (in  herb.  F.  Mueller) ; 
Ironstone  range,  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 


16.  CARNARVONIA,  F.  MueH. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  reg'ular,  nearly  cyHndrical  in  the 
bud,  the  segments  free  or  nearly  so,  recurved  in  the  upper  portion, 
without  distinct  laminte.  Anthers  aH  perfect,  Hnear,  sessile  below  the 
middle  of  the  perianth,  the  connective  produced  beyond  the  ceHs.  No 
hj^pogynous  g'lands.  Ovary  sessile  or  nearly  so,  tapering*  into  an  erect 
style  with  a  small  terminal  stig-ma ;  ovules  2,  laterally  attached  below 
the  middle  to  a  short  funicle.  Fruit  a  hard  incurved  follicle.  Seeds 
compressed,  produced  at  the  upper  end  into  a  long*  wing-. — A  tree  with 
compound  leaves.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary  simple  or  compound  irre- 
g^ular  racemes. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  a  single  species,  endemic  in  Australia,  with  the  flowers  nearly 
of  Persoonla,  but  with  the  frnit  of  Hakea.  It  is  also  closely  allied  in  character  to 
Orites,  but  with  a  very  different  habit  and  inflorescence. 


410  riv.  proteace.t:.  |  Cdnuiri-u/ilit. 

1.  C.  araliaefolia,  F.  MticU.  Fi-uijin.  vi.  81,  t.  50,  50.  A  small  or 
moderate  sized  tree,  the  youiig-  leaves  slig-htly  pubescent  underneath, 
the  iniiorescence  usually  pubescent,  the  older  leaves  g-labrous.  Leaves 
compound,  with  3  to  5  petioluhite  leallets  digitate  at  the  extremity  of" 
the  petiole,  or  1  to  3  of  the  leaflets  replaced  by  pinnse,  each  with  2  or 
3  petiohdate  leaflets  not  dig-itate,  the  leaflets  from  broadl}'  obovate  and 
very  obtuse  to  elliptical  oblong"  or  lanceohite  and  acute,  entire  or  re- 
motely  toothed,  tapering-  at  the  base,  3  to  5  in.  long-,  the  whole  leaf 
from  6  or  8  in.  to  twice  that  leng-th.  Racemes  very  irreg-uh^r,  simple 
or  more  frequently  corapound,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves  with  small 
deciduous  trifoliolate  bracts  under  the  branches,  and  a  narrow  entire 
one  imder  each  flower,  or  under  a  chxster  of  3  to  6  flowers  terminating' 
the  peduncle  or  branches.  Pedicels  softly  hirsute,  '2  to  3  hnes  long-, 
g-labrous  and  twice  as  long-  when  in  fruit.  Perianth  about  2  hnes  long", 
densely  hirsute  with  soft  hairs.  Ovary  g-labrous.  Fohicle  much  in- 
curved,  acuminate,  1|  in.  long-.  Wing-  of  the  seed  twice  as  long-  as  the 
seed  itself,  the  raphe  much  within  the  marg-in. 

Queensland.     EockingLam  Bay,  Dallachy. 

17.  ORITES,  R.  Br. 

(Oritina,  E.  Lr.) 

Flowers  herraajilirodite.  Perianth  reg'ular,  nearly  cyhndrical  in  the 
bud,  the  segments  free  or  nearly  so,  dihited  at  the  end  into  short  usuahy 
concave  laminie.  Anthers  ah  perfect,  enclosed  in  the  perianth-laminse 
in  the  bud,  but  with  short  filaments  inserted  below  the  himinee,  the 
cehs  adnate  to  the  slender  connective  wliich  is  not  produced  beyond 
them  and  is  often  scarcely  conspicuous.  HA^jiogynous  g4ands  hnear, 
obtuse.  Ovary  sessile,  with  a  terminal  fihforra  straig'ht  style,  scarcely 
thickened  at  the  end,  obtuse,  with  a  smah  terminal  stigma ;  ovules  2, 
amphitropous,  laterahy  attached  at  or  below  the  middle.  Fruit  an 
obhquely  acute  coriaceous  fohicle,  more  or  less  boat-shaped,  the  dorsal 
suture  curved,  the  ventral  one  nearly  straig-ht.  Seed  compressed,  with 
a  terminal  obhque  or  falcate  wing-,  sometimes  decurrent  along-  the 
margins. — Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  ahernate,  more  or  less  petiolate, 
entire  toothed  or  rarely  (in  the  same  species)  lobed.  Flowers  smah,  in. 
terminal  or  axihary  spikes,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  in  pairs  within  each 
bract.  Bracts  concave,  imbricate  in  the  very  young-  spike  but  fahing* 
oft'  long-  before  the  flowers  expand. 

The  genus  is  endemic  in  Australia,  and  exclusively  castern. 
Spikei  all  axillary.     Leaves  lanceolate,  often  tootlied  or  divided  on 

tlie  barren  brancbes. 
Tall  tree.     Leaves  mostly  above  4  in.      Braiicbes  iuflorescence 

and  ovary  glabrous 1.    0.  excelsa. 

Shrub.    Leaves  mostly  under  3    in.    Branches  rhachis  and  ovary 

villuus 2.   0.  diversifolia. 

Spikes  terminal,  rarely  also  in  the  upper  axils.     Leaves  sraall  and 

crowded. 
Leaves  flat,  ovate,  all  toothed 3.    0.  Milligani. 


Orites.]  C\\.    V  R OT E A ( ' E .E .  ->  1  l 

Leaves  flat,  oblong  or    laiiceolato,  obtuse,  all  entire       .      ,     .     .     4.    O.  lancifolia. 

Leaves  linear  with  revolute  niargins,  obtnsc  or  scarcely  acute      .     5.   0.  revoluta. 

Leaves  terete,  grooved  above,  niucronate  or  pungent.  Seeds  sur- 
roiinded  by  a  narrow  wing  (the  wing  terminal  and  long  in  all 
other  species) 6.    0.  acicularls. 

1.  O.  excelsa,  E.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  32.  A  handsome  tree  of  40  to  60 
ft.,  iisualh'  quite  glabrous.  Leaves  on  tlie  llowering-  branclies  lanceo- 
late,  obtuse  or  acute,  tapering*  into  a  rather  long*  petiole,  entire  or 
slig-htly  toothed,  4  to  6  in.  long-,  llat,  reticuhite,  shining-  above,  glaucous 
underneath ;  those  of  the  barren  branches  often  larg-er,  toothed  or 
deeply  divided  into  3  or  5  lanceohxte  toothed  h)bes.  Spikes  axillary, 
interrupted,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  usually  glabrous,  the  ilowers  in 
distant  pairs.  Bracts  at  first  ovate  acute  and  imbricate,  but  falling-  off 
at  a  very  early  stag-e.  Perianth  g-labrous,  about  3  lines  long-.  Pila- 
ments  broad,  attached  to  about  the  middle  of  the  claws.  Ovary  g"hi- 
brous ;  style  short.  Follicle  acuminate,  about  1  in.  long-.  Seed  flat, 
the  nucleus  about  4  lines  lon^,  with  a  terminal  wing-  at  least  as  long-. 
— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  423. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Deep  shaded  forests  at  the  sources  of  the  Hastings  river,  A.  Cun- 
ningham ;  Macquarrie  river,  Fraser ;  Tweed,  Riclmiond  and  Chirenco  livers, 
C.  Moore. 

2.  O.  diversifolia,  i?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Lvm.  Soc.  x.  190,  Prod.  388. 
A  shrub  of  3  to  4  ft.,  with  erect  tomentose  villous  branches.  Leaves 
lanceohite,  with  a  callous  point,  contracted  into  a  petiole  of  1  to  2  or 
even  3  lines,  those  of  the  lloral  branches  usually  Ih  to  2  in.  loug-,  entire 
or  w4th  a  few  teeth  towards  the  end,  coriaceous,  with  recurved  margins, 
smooth  above,  g'laucous  or  slig'htly  ferruginous  luiderneath,  glabrous  or 
sprinkled  with  a  few  short  hairs ;  those  of  the  barren  branches  often 
twice  as  long-  and  irreg-ularly  toothed  above  the  middle  or  almost  to 
the  base  and  with  more  conspicuous  veins.  Spikes  axillary,  rather 
dense  and  about  as  long-  as  the  leaves  or  sometimes  long-er  and  looser, 
the  rhachis  ferruginous-tomentose.  Perianth  glabrous,  about  2  lines 
long-,  not  very  slender,  the  lamin<ie  scarcely  broader  thtm  the  claws. 
Ovary  villous ;  style  short  in  some  tlowers,  elong-ated  in  others.  Fol- 
licle  acute,  f  in.  long-, — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  424 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl. 
Tasm.  i.  326. 

Tasmania.  Near  the  summit  of  Mount  Wellington,  B.  Brown,  J.  D.  Hooher,  and 
others  ;  Mount  Fieid  East,  F.  Mueller. 

3.  O.  Milligani,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  424.  A  rig-id  densely 
bushy  shrub  of  li  to  3  ft.,  g-labrous  and  glaucous  except  the  inliores- 
cence.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  ovate,  coarsely  toothed,  thick  and 
rigid,  penniveined  but  the  veins  not  very  prominent  underneath  and 
inconspicuous  or  slig-htly  impressed  above,  ^  to  1  in.  long-.  Spikes 
terminal,  1  to  li  in.  long-.  Bracts  ovate,  concave,  rigid,  ciliate  or  quite 
g-labrous,  very  cleciduous.  Perianth  g-labrous,  slender,  nearly  3  lines 
long-.  Filaments  very  short,  almost  immediately  under  the  laminte. 
Ovary  ferruginous-villous. — Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  326. 

Tasmania.  Mount  Sorrel,  Macquarrie  harbour,  at  au  elevation  of  4000  to  5000  ft., 
Milligan. 


412  Civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [Orites. 

4.  O.  lancifolia,  F.  Mudl.  in  Trms.  Phil.  Soc.  Viet.  i.  108.  A 
handsome  g-labrous  shrub.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  crowded,  oblonff 
or  oblong'-lanceolate,  obtuse,  Hat,  with  nerve-like  or  slightly  recurved 
marg-ins,  mostly  f  to  1  in.  long-,  coriaceous,  prominently  reticulate  un- 
derneath,  obscurely  so  or  quite  smooth  and  shining-  above.  Spikes  ter- 
minal  or  terminating"  short  axillary  shoots,  or  rarelv  also  in  the  upper 
axils  without  leaves  at  their  base,  exceeding-  the  leaves  and  sometimes 
2  in.  long-,  the  rhachis  ferrug-inous.  Bracts  villous,  very  deciduous. 
Perianth  '2  to  2-^  lines  long-.  Filaments  narrow,  inserted  more  than  ^ 
line  below  the  short  concave  laminie.  Ovary  villous.  Fruit  about  |  in. 
long.     Seed  with  a  broad  oblique  terminal  wing-. 

Victoria.  Rocky  summits  of  the  Australian  Alps  at  an  elevation  of  5000  to  6000 
ft.,  F.  Mueller.  Meissner,  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  423,  reduces  tliis  plant  to  a  variety  of 
0.  exceha,  but  tlie  small  entire  leaves,  the  inflorescence,  the  villous  ovary,  and  other 
characters,  appear  to  me  to  be  coustant. 

5.  O.  revoluta,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  190,  Prod.  388.  A 
bush}^  shrub  of  4  to  6  ft.,  the  branches  hoary  or  ferrug-inous-pubescent. 
Leaves  rather  crowded,  sessile  or  shortly  petiolate,  linear,  obtuse  or 
scarcely  acute,  the  marg-ins  revolute,  tbick,  rigid,  g-labrous  and  smooth 
above,  the  under  surface  slig-htly  tomentose  but  usually  concealed,  ^  to 
I  in.  or  rarely  1  in.  long-.  Spikes  terminal,  sessile,  mostly  above  1  in. 
long",  the  rhachis  ferrug-inous.  Bracts  ovate  or  oblong-,  villous  outside, 
very  deciduous.  Perianth  about  2|  lines  long-.  Filaments  narrow  and 
short.  Ovary  densely  villous.  Follicle  h  to  |  in.  long',  silky-villous  and 
usually  ferrug-inous.  Seed  with  a  broad  falcate  terminal  wing*. — Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  424  j  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  326;  A.  Rich.  Sert. 
Astrol.  t.  2o. 

Tasmania.  Mount  Wellington,  B.  Broicn ;  abundant  on  all  the  mountain  ranges 
above  3000  ft.  elevation,  /.  D.  Eooher. 

6.  O.  acicularis,  IL  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  82.  A  bushy  shrub  of  4  or  6  ft. 
or  sometimes  only  half  that  size,  the  foliag-e  of  a  yellowish  sickly  g-reen, 
quite  g-labrous.  Leaves  crowded,  terete  with  a  very  narrow  gToove  on 
the  upper  side,  mucronate-acute  and  often  pung-ent,  contracted  into  a 
slender  petiole,  rig-id  and  smooth,  |  to  1-J-  in.  long-.  Spikes  terminal, 
usually  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the  rhachis  ferrug-inous-pubescent. 
Perianth  g-labrous,  scarcely  2  lines  long-,  not  so  slender  as  in  0.  rcvoluta, 
the  seg-ments  more  tardily  revolute  and  the  lamina?  more  concave  than 
in  that  species.  Filaments  very  short  and  broad,  inserted  immediateiy 
below  the  laminse.  Ovary  villous.  P'ollicle  about  |  in.  long-,  giabrous  or 
nearly  so.  Seed  oblong-,  flat,  surrounded  by  a  narrow  wing-  rather 
broader  at  the  upper  end,  like  that  of  many  GreviUece. — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  424 ;  Hook.  f  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  326 ;  A.  Rich.  Sert.  Astrol.  t.  25; 
Oritinn  aciculuris,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  224, 

Tasmania.  Mount  Wellington,  E.  Brown;  abundant  on  ail  the  mountains  at  an 
elevation  of  3000  to  4000  ft.,  ./.  D.  Hooher.  In  its  seeds  tliis  species  approaches 
Orevillea,  butthe  hypogynous  glands  and  tbe  distinct  Uiough  sliort  filaments  are  those  of 
Orites.  It  difters  from  tiie  other  species  of  Orites  as  GrnnUea  does  from  Hahea,  but  the 
affinity  in  all  other  respects  is  so  ciose  with  0.  revoluta  f  hat  botanists  have  all  foilowed 
Brown  in  suppressing  the  genus  he  had  at  first  proposcd  for  it. 


LaTniertia.]  civ.  puoteace^ij.  413 


18.  LAMBERTIA,  Sm. 

Flowers  liermaphrodite.  Periautli  regnilar  or  nearly  so,  the  tube 
elong-ated,  often  dihited  upwards  aud  slig-htly  incurved,  the  lobes  narrow, 
spirally  revolute,  the  two  lower  ones  souietimes  more  deej)ly  separated. 
Anthers  all  perfect,  inserted  on  the  lobes  and  revolute  with  them,  the 
connective  shortly  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Hypogynous  scales 
either  flat  at  least  as  long*  as  the  ovary  and  free  or  conuate,  or  in  one 
species  wanting-.  Ovaiy  very  small,  deusely  covered  with  long-  hairs, 
with  2  pendulous  ovules.  Style  filiform  sometimes  slig-htly  thickened 
and  gTooved  ou  a  level  with  the  anthers ;  stig-ma  small,  terminal  or 
shortly  decurrent  ou  the  upper  side.  Fruit  a  sliort  hard  truucate  sessile 
follicle,  the  lower  (dorsal)  margin  produced  into  a  thick  horn, 
aud  often  a  horn  also  on  tlie  upper  ang-le  of  each  valve.  Seeds  where 
known  flat,  bordered  by  a  narrow  margin. — Shrubs.  Leaves  mostly  in 
whorls  of  3,  rarely  of  4,  or  sometimes  scattered  at  the  base  of  luxuriant 
shoots,  entire  or  with  spinescent  teeth.  Flowers  red  or  yellow,  usually 
long",  solitary  or  7  tog-ether  sessile  within  an  involucre  of  imbricate  co- 
loured  bracts  ;  the  inner  bracts  long-  and  narrow  the  outer  ones  short  and 
broad,  tlie  involucres  sessile  aud  terminal  or  axillary. 

The  genus  is  endemic  in  extratrnpical  Australia,  the  species  all  Western  except  L. 
formosa.  The  species  with  iinitiorous  iuvolucres  have  the  inflorescence,  perianth,  stamens 
and  style  very  nearly  of  Adenanthos,  but  are  readily  distinguished  by  the  whorled 
leaves,  biovulate  ovary  and  follicular  fruit ;  the  periarth-segments  sometimes  remain 
closed  as  in  that  genus  after  the  style  has  emerged  a  little  lower  down  from  the  slit  in 
the  perianth-tube,  but  when  opeu  they  are  much  more  revolute  than  in  Adenanthos. 

Involucres  l-flowered,  ^  in-  long  or  under.     Leaves  entire. 

Leaves  ovate,  obovate  or  oblong,  mucronate \.  L.  uniflora. 

Leaves  linear 2.  L.  rarijlora. 

Involucres  7-flowered,  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils.    Leaves  entire. 
Leaves  very  obtuse,  usually  small. 

Leaves  obovate  to  linear,  flat  or  nearly  so.     Bracts   rather 

obtuse 3.  L.  inermis. 

Leaves  linear  with   revolute  margins.     Bracts   with   subulate 

points 4.  X.  ericifolia. 

Leaves    mucronate,    mostiy  linear   and  1  to  2  in.  long. 

Inner  bracts   of  the  involucre  half  as  long  as    the   periauth. 

Western  species 5.  L.  multiflora. 

Inner  bracts  about  as  long  as  the  perianth.     Eastern  speciea     6.  L.formosa. 
Involucres  7  flowered,  all  axillary.      Leaves  pungent-pointed  and 
often  prickly-toothed. 
Perianth  I5  to  l^  in.  long,  the  tube  dilated  upwards  and  incurved 

(as  in  all  the  preceding  species) 1.  L.  echinata. 

Perianth  7  to  8  lines  long,  the  tube  slender  and  straight     .     .     .     8.  Z.  ilicifolia. 

1.  Li.  uniflora,  i?.  Br.  iti  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  188,  Prod.  386.  An 
irregularly  branched  shnib,  sometimes  low  and  difliise,  sometimes  erect 
and  6  to  10  ft.  hig-h,  gdabrous  or  the  young- branches  pubescent.  Leaves 
crowded  about  the  flowers,  often  in  distant  clusters  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  branches,  very  shortly  petiolate,  from  ovate  and  under  h  in.  to 
broadly  oblong'  and  above  1  in.  long-,  mucronate  acute  and  sometimes 
almost  pung-ent  or  rounded  at  both  ends,  flat,  smooth  or  reticulate,  the 


414:  civ.   ruoTEACE^.  [Lavibertia. 

midrib  prominent  underneatli.  Involucres  1-flowered,  he  hracts  very 
narrow  and  acute,  almost  scarious,  tlie  inner  ones  about  ^  in.  long-. 
Pcrianth  nearly  11  "i-  ^oiv^-,  dilated  upwards  and  incurved,  2  of  the 
lohes  more  united  and  less  deeply  revolute  than  the  2  others,  the  himinse 
short,  without  terminal  appendag-es.  Anther-connectives  produced  into 
oblong-  tips.  Hypog-ynous  scales  free.  Follicle  smooth,  the  dorsal  su- 
ture  acuminate,  the  valves  rounded. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  578,  ii. 
263,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  420. 

^SV.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  li.  Brown,  Baxter, 
Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  261,  262  (m  some  herharia),  Preiss,  n.  762,  and  many  others. 

2.  L.  rariflora,  Mcissn.  iti  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  203,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
420.  An  erect  shrul),  the  young"  branclies  pubescent  and  often  hirsute 
with  h)ng'  fine  spreading-  hairs,  the  adult  foHag"e  g-hal)rous.  Leaves  very 
shortly  petiohite  or  ahnost  sessile,  linear  or  the  floral  ones  lanceolate  at 
the  base,  mucronate,  rather  thinner  and  the  veins  more  prominent  than 
in  L.  multiftora,  mostly  1  to  2  in.  long-,  hut  a  few  exceeding*  3  in.  In- 
volucre  sessile,  1-flowered,  the  inner  bracts  3  to  4  lines  long-and  acute, 

.  the  outer  ones  gTadually  sliorter  broader  and  more  obtuse.  Perianth 
at  least  l^  in.  long',  pubescent  dilated  and  incurved  towards  the  middle, 
the  lamin;e  without  appendag-es.  Anther-connectives  tipped  with  ex- 
ceeding'ly  short  giand-like  ends.  Hypog-ynous  scales  free.  Follicle 
smooth. 

W.  Australia,   Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  312. 

3.  L.  inermis,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  188,  Prod.  387.  A 
shrul)  of  6  to  10  ft.,  the  branches  minutely  tomentose  or  silky-pubescent. 
Leaves  from  obovate  or  oblong-spathulate  to  linear,  obtuse,  contracted 
into  a  short  petiole,  ^  to  |  in.  long',  flat  or  sligiitly  convex  or  concave, 
giabrous  and  smooth  above,  minutely  silky  pubescent  and  often  ferru- 
g-inous  underneath.  Involucres  7-flowered,  terminal,  solitary  or  rarely 
2  tog-ether,  the  bracts  more  obtuse  than  in  the  other  species,  the  inner 
ones  ^  to  I  in.  long;.  Perianth  red  according-  to  some,  yellow  according' 
to  others,  about  1|  in.  long',  dilated  and  incurved  in  the  middle,  the 
lobes  narrow  with  short  pubescent  tips,  all  nearly  equally  revolute. 
Anther-connectives  produced  into  appendag"es  of  ^  line.  Hypogynous 
scales  free.  Follicle  smooth. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  578,  ii.  2(33,  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  420,  L.  Drumniondii,  Gardn.  in  Field.  Sert.  t.  22. 

■W.  Australia.  Lncky  Bay,  B.  Brown,  Baxter;  King  George's  Sound  to  tiie 
Stirling  Range,  Cape  Eiciie,  and  towards  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  594,  and 
n.  87,  Freiss,  n.  763,  76-t,  Harvey,  Oldjield,  Itoe,  F.  Mueller ;  eastward  to  Middlo 
Mourit  Barrcn,  Ma.rircll. 

4.  L.  ericifolia,  /.'.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  30.  A  slirub  of  0  to  10  ft.,  with 
virg-ate  branches,  the  young-  shoots  silky-pubescent,  at  leng-th  giabrous. 
Leaves  linoar,  obtuse,  with  closely  revolute  margins,  sessile  or  con- 
tracted  into  a  very  short  petiole,  usually  about  |  in.  long-,  but  |  in.  on 
luxuriant  sterile  branches.  Involucres  7-flowered,  terminal,  solitary  or 
clustered  2  or  3  together,  thc  bracts  almost  scarious  ciliate  and  pubes- 


Lamdertia.]  civ,   rRoxEACE.T;.  415 

cent  or  nearly  glabrous,  the  inner  ones  subulate-acuminate  and  above 
^  in.  long-,  the  outer  ones  short  hniceolate  and  acute.  Perianth  above 
1|-  in.  long-,  much  dihvted  and  incurved  in  the  middle,  the  narrow  lamincB 
cohering  late  round  the  style,  viscid,  with  short  hood-shaped  tips,  the 
seg-ments  at  length  revolute.  Anther-connectives  produced  into  oblong- 
appendag-es.  Hypogynous  scales  hmceolate,  acute,  more  or  less  con- 
nate  (2  connate  and  2  free  in  the  flowers  examined).  Follicle  smooth. 
— Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  263,  and  in  D.C.  Prod.  xiv.  420. 

W.  Australia,  Baxter,  Brummond,  Brd  coll.  n.  264 ;  Stirling  range,  Salt  river, 
and  Cape  Riche,  Maxwell;  at  the  base  of  Stirling  range,  F.  Mueller. 

6.  L.  multiflora,  Lhidl.  Sn-a/i  liiv.  App.  32.  A  shrub  of  3  or  4  ft., 
quite  glabrous  or  the  3'oung-  shoots  minutely  pubescent,  tlie  flowering 
branches  often  acutely  angular,  the  older  ones  terete.  Leaves  sessile, 
linear  or  the  floral  ones  sometimes  cordate-lanceolate,  1  to  2  in.  long", 
mucronate,  rigid,  the  midrib  prominent  imderneath,  the  transverse 
veins  chiefly  conspicuous  on  the  floral  leaves.  Involucres  terminal,  all 
7-flowered  (rarely  fewer-flowered  by  abortion  .•'),  but  owing-  to  2  or  3 
heads  being  usually  closely  clustered  together  they  have  been  described 
as  14-  to  21-flowered,  the  inner  bracts  linear,  fringed  at  the  end  and 
fully  h,  in.  long,  the  outer  ones  gradually  shorter  broader  and  entire. 
Perianth  about  Ih  in.  long,  slightly  dilated  and  incurved  above  the 
middle,  the  himinre  tipped  with  small  hood-shaped  appendag-es. 
Anther-connectives  shorth^  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Hypogvnous 
scales  free,  oblong-lanceolate.  Ovary  very  dcnsely  hirsute.  Pollicle 
smooth,  the  valves  termiuating-  in  lanceolate  points. — Meissn.  in  PI. 
Preiss.  i.  5r0,  ii.  264  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  421 ;  Field.  Sert.  t.  23. 

V^.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  595  {2nd  coll.?)  n.  136,  Prciss, 
n.  766;  botween  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drummond,  6th  coU.  n.  198. 

6.  L.  formosa,  Sm.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  214,  t.  20.  A  tall  shrub, 
g-labrous  or  with  a  slight  pubescence  on  the  young-  slioots  and  here  and 
there  a  few  spreading  hairs.  Leaves  linear  or  slightly  linear-cuneate, 
rarely  linear-lanceolate,  mucronate  with  a  flne  pimg-ent  point,  the 
margins  recurved,  contracted  into  a  very  short  petiole,  rigid,  shining- 
above,  pale  or  almost  ferruginous  underneath,  with  a  prominent  midrib, 
varying  from  scarcely  1  in.  to  above  2  in.  long.  Involucres  terminal, 
usually  solitary,  ?-flowered  (or  fewer-flowered  by  abortion  ?),  the  inner 
bracts  narrow,  silky-pubescent  outside,  1|  to  2  in.  long-,  the  outer  ones 
short  and  ovate.  Perianth  li  to  2  in.  long,  glabrous  outside,  dilated 
in  the  middle,  the  segments  bearded  inside  below  the  anthers,  the 
laminte  with  pubescent  tips.  Anther-connectives  produced  into  minute 
appendages.  Hypogynous  scales  united  in  a  truncate  tube  or  cup  sur- 
rounding  the  ovarv.  Follicle  smooth,  glabrous  or  villous. — R.  Br.  in 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x^  188,  Prod.  38?,  Prot.  Nov.  30 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  421  ;  Cav.  Anal.  Hist.  Nat.  i.  233,  t.  15,  Ic.  vi.  34,  t.  54? ;  Lodd. 
Bot.  Cab.  t.  80  ;  Bot.  Reg.  t.  528  ;  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  09 ;  Protea 
nectarina,  Wendl.  Sert.  Hann.  5,  t.  21, 

TV.  Australia.     Port  Jackson,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  24,  and  many  others. 


416  civ.   rROTEACE^.  [Lambertia. 

7.  L.  echinata,  L'.  Br.  in  Trans.  JJnn.  Soc.  x.  189,  Prod.  387,  Prot. 
Nov.  31.  A  shrub  of  8  to  10  ft.  witli  rigid  stout  or  virg-ate  branches 
usually  pubescent  or  hirsute.     Leaves  more  or  less  cuneate,  f  to  above 

1  in.  lonji-,  dilated  at  the  end  and  tnincate  toothed  or  lobed,  the  teeth 
or  lobes  undulate  and  pung-ent-pointed,  tapering-  into  a  narrow  or  broad 
base,  sessile  or  petiolate,  glabrous,  rig-id,  the  midrib  and  principal  veins 
prominent,  tlie  whole  foliag-e  m  shape  texture  and  arrang-ement  much 
resembling-  that  of  some  GastroloUa.  Involucres  ?-flowered,  axillary, 
sessile,  the  bracts  g-labrous  and  acute,  the  inner  ones  narrow  and  1  in. 
long-  or  more,  the  outer  ones  g-radually  smaller  and  broader.  Perianth 
yellow,  1\  in.  long*,  dihited  and  incurved  above  the  middle,  the  segTOents 
nearly  equally  revohite.  Anther-connectives  tipped  with  small  almost 
g-hmd-Uke  points.  Hypogynous  scales  rather  short,  obtuse,  free. 
Follicle  more  or  less  echinate  with  short  thick  prickles. — Meissn.  in 
Pl.  Preiss.  i.  0r9,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  421. 

W.  Australia.  Lucky  Bay,  E.  Brown,  Baxter ;  King  George's  SounJ  and  ad- 
joining  districts,  A.  Cunningham,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  263,  Preiss,  n.  761,  and  mauy 
others. 

L.propinqua,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  30,  Meissu.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  420,  from  KingGeorge's 
Sound  or  to  the  eastward,  Baxter,  appears  to  me  to  be  scarcely  even  a  variety  of  L. 
echinata,  but  merely  slender  branches  with  the  leaves  less  toothed  or  eutire  and 
truncate. 

8.  L.  ilicifolia,  Ilook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  653.  A  bushy  shrub,  g-labrous 
and  somewhat  glaucous  or  the  branches  slightly  pubescent,  readily 
distingiiished  from  all  other  species  by  the  small  flowers.  Leaves  in  the 
typical  form  cuneate,  acuminate,  pung-ent-pointed,  entire  or  with  1  or 

2  prickly  teeth  on  each  side  and  1  in.  long-,  in  other  specimens  ovate, 
pung-ent-pointed,  entire  or  with  1  or  2  lateral  teeth,  rounded  at  the 
base  and  under  |  in.  long-,  all  thick  rig-id  and  scarcely  veined  besides 
the  midrib.  Involucres  7-flowered,  all  axiHary,  the  bracts  g'labrous, 
the  inner  ones  hnear,  about  5  lines  long-,  the  outer  ones  gTadually 
smaller  and  broader.  Perianth  7  to  8  hnes  long-,  with  a  few  long-  hairs 
on  the  upper  portion,  the  tube  slender,  the  seg-ments  equally  revolute 
with  short  obtuse  laminae.  Anther-connectives  very  shortly  produced 
beyond  the  cells.  Hypog-ynous  scales  entirely  wanting  in  all  the 
flowers  examined.  Style  more  or  less  bearded.  Follicle  unknown. — 
Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  680,  ii.  264  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  422. 

W.  Australia,  Drxunmond,  3rd  coll.  n.  262,  Preiss,  n.  766. 

19.  ADENOSTEPHANUS,  Kl. 

Flo^^ers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  somewhat  irreg-ular,  the  tube 
slender,  shghtly  incurved,  the  limb  obHquely  g-lobuhtr,  the  seg-ments 
separating-  to  tlie  base,  unequally  revolute.  Anthers  all  perfect,  ovate, 
sessile  in  the  base  of  the  concave  lamiuce,  the  connective  not  produced 
beyond  the  cells.  Hypogynous  g-lands  short  and  thick,  free  or  more 
or  less  united,  all  4  equal  or  2  shorter  or  deficient.  Ovary  sessile  or 
shortly  stipitate,  with  2  pendulous  orthotropous  ovules ;  style  filiform, 


Adenosti-phanus.]  Civ.   protkace^.  417 

shortly  clavate  at  the  end,  with  a  small  stig-ma  in  the  centre  of  a  lateral 
convex  disk.  Fruit  unknown. — Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  usually 
pinnate,  with  petioluhite  entire  or  toothed  leallets.  Flowers  rather 
small,  pediceUate  in  pairs  in  terminal  or  rarely  axiHary  racemes,  the 
pedicels  often  more  or  less  connate.  liracts  very  deciduous  (or  some- 
times  none  ?), 

The  genus  as  far  as  liitlierto  known  is  chiefly  Brasilian,  with  ono  New-Caledonian 
species,  besides  the  Australian  one  which  is  endemic. 

1.  A.  Bleasdalii,  Be/ith.  A  small  but  beautiful  tree  {Dallachy), 
the  branches  petioles  and  inflorescence  minutely  ferruginous-tomentose. 
Leaflets  3  to  17,  petiokdate,  ovate  to  oblong'-lanceolate,  acutely  acumi- 
nate,  somewhat  undulate  and  irregidarly  mucronate-serrate,  tapering-  or 
cuneate  at  the  base,  2  to  5  in.  long-,  penniveined  and  reticulate,  silky- 
villous  on  both  sides  when  very  young,  but  gdabrous  and  g-reen  when 
fuU-gTown,  ratlier  more  shining*  above  than  below,  the  common  rhachis 
varying-  from  1  or  2  in.  to  above  1  ft.  in  length,  and  often  irreg-ularly 
wing-ed  at  least  between  the  upper  leaflets,  the  terminal  leaflet  always 
developed  and  sometimes  larg-er  than  the  others.  Racemes  1  to  2  in. 
long',  usually  several  in  a  short  panicle  or  solitary  in  tlie  upper  axils. 
Pedicels  about  1  line  long*,  those  of  each  pair  completely  united  into  a 
sing-le  one  with  the  two  flowers  obliquely  sessile  at  or  near  the  end.  Pe- 
riantli  about  8^  lines  long-.  Torus  oblicpie,  with  one  broad  2-Iobed 
g'Iand  on  the  lower  side  sometimes  almost  divided  into  2.  Ovary  gia- 
brous,  continuous  with  a  short  stipes  at  least  as  thick  as  the  ovary. — 
Grevillea  Bleasdalii  or  Blcasdalea  cupanioides,  F.  Muell.  Frag'm.  v.  90. 

Queensland.  Eockingham  Bay,  Dallachy.  The  structure  and  position  of  the 
flowers  are  in  every  respect  those  of  some  Brasilian  Adenostephani,  and  especially  of 
A.  organensis,  Endl.,  except  as  to  the  hypogynous  glands,  of  which  the  two  upper  one3 
are  absent,  but  in  A.  organensis  I  find  them  very  unequal,  two  sometimes  much 
smaller  than  the  two  others.  The  penduloiis  orthotropous  ovules  at  once  distinguish 
this  plant  both  trom  Grevillea,  of  which  it  has  in  some  respects  the  perianth  and 
anthers,  and  from  Helicia,  of  which  it  has  the  inflorescence.  Whether  Adenostephanus 
itself  with  the  New  Caledonian  Kermadecia  should  or  should  not  be  reunited  with 
ithopala  as  sections,  is  a  question  the  determination  of  which  would  require  a  careful 
re-examination  of  all  the  American  species.  The  differences  in  the  obliquity  of  the 
torus,  in  the  hypogynous  glands,  and  in  the  style-end  are  not  greater  than  those  which 
separate  difierent  sections  of  Grevillea,  and  the  united  genuswouldbe  at  once  a  natural 
and  to  all  appearance  a  definitely  charaoterised  one. 

20.  GREVILLEA,  R.  Br. 

(Lysanthe  and  Stylurus,  Salisb.,  Anadenia,  i?.  Br.,  Manglesia,  Endl.,  Strangea  and 
MoUoya,  Meissn.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  irreg-idar  or  regnilar,  the  tube 
revolute  or  curved  under  the  limb  or  straight  and  slender,  the  limb 
giobular  or  rarely  ovoid,  usually  oblique,  the  lamime  usually 
cohering'  long-  after  the  tvdje  has  opened.  Anthers  all  perfect,  ovate, 
sessile  in  the  base  of  the  concave  laminse,  the  connective  not  pro- 
duced  beyond    the   cells.      H^-pogynous   giands   united   in   a   singie 

VOL.  V.  E  E 


418  civ,  PROTEACE^.  [GreviUea. 

semi-annular  or  semicircular  g-land  occupying-  tlie  uppor  (often  tlie 
shortest)  side  of  the  torus  or  rarely  completely  annular  surrounding- 
the  ovary,  or  altogether  wanting*.  Ovary  stipitate  or  rarely  sessile, 
with  2  amphitropous  ovules  laterally  attached  about  the  middle  ;  style 
fihform  or  somewliat  dilated,  usually  long-  and  protruding-  from  the  slit 
on  the  lower  side  of  the  perianth  tube  before  the  summit  is  set  free 
from  the  limh,  ultimately  straightened  and  erect  or  in  a  few  species  of 
Lissostijlcs  and  Conorjyne  remaining  hooked,  more  or  less  dilated  at  the 
end  into  a  straigdit  oblique  or  hiteral  cone  or  disk  hearing-  the  small 
stigma  in  the  centre  of  the  disk  or  at  the  summit  of  the  cone.  Fruit 
a  folhcle,  usually  ohlique  with  the  ventral  suture  curved,  either  cori- 
aceous  and  opening  along-  the  upper  margin,  or  rarely  woody  and  open- 
ing  ahnost  or  quite  in  two  valves.  Seeds  1  or  2,  flat  oi'bicuh^r  or 
oblong-,  bordered  all  round  by  a  membranous  wing-,  or  narrowly 
wing-ed  at  the  end  or  outer  marg-in  only  or  entirely  wingiess. — Shrubs 
or  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  very  diversitied  in  shape.  Flowers  in 
pairs  along'  the  rhachis  of  a  short  and  umbel-Hke  or  elongated  raceme, 
rarely  reduced  to  a  singie  pair  ;  the  racemes  either  terminal  or  also 
axillary,  rarely  all  axillary.  The  indumentum  usually  consists  of 
closely  appressed  hairs  attached  by  the  centre,  rarely  of  erect  or 
spreading-  hairs,  and  then  usually  forked  at  the  base  or  clustered. 

With  tlie  exceptinn  of  three  or  fbur  New  Caledonian  species  the  genus  is  limited  to 
Austrah"a.  In  the  distribnting  the  numerous  species  of  this  beantiful  genus  into  sec- 
tions,  I  have  been  uviable  in  all  respects  to  follow  Bi-own,  and  still  less  Meissner,  espe- 
cialiy  as  to  the  foliage  or  seeds,  for  tlie  formcr  is  far  too  variable  to  serve  for  much 
beyond  specific  distinction,  and  the  seeds  are  unknown  in  a  large  number  of  the  species. 
The  following  sectional  characters  are  derived  chiefiy  from  tlie  inflorescence  and  flowers, 
and  if  less  absohite  than  could  have  been  wished,  are  the  best  I  could  devise.  The  first 
eight  sections  constitute  Meissner's  subgenus  EugreviUea,  with  the  perianth  revohite 
nnder  the  limb,  and  the  stigmatic  disk  oblique  or  hiteral,  nsually  flat  or  convex,  the 
tenth  and  eleventh  proposed  as  subgenera  by  Meissner,  have  llie  perianth  straiglit,  and 
the  stigmatic  disk  replaced  by  a  straiglit  cone,  the  intermediate  nintli  seclion,  Conogyne, 
and  most  of  the  species  of  the  sixth,  with  the  perianth  recurved  or  revolute  at  the  top, 
as  in  tlie  preceding  oncs,  have  the  straight  stigmatic  cone  of  Anaclenia  and  MavgJesia. 
A  very  few  of  the  species  of  tlie  eighth  section,  Lissostijles,  have  also  the  stigmatic  cone 
shaped  as  in  the  last  sections,  but  very  obhque.  The  absonce  of  the  hypogynous  gland,  one 
of  the  chief  characters  on  which  the  genus  Anade>iiii  was  founded,  occurs  also  in  a  few 
f-pecies  belonging  lo  other  sections  of  true  Grevillens.  The  peculiar  style  of  3Ia)iglesia 
passes  into  that  of  Anadenia  through  G.  acrohotrya,  and  G.  dldginohotrya  closely  con- 
nects  Conogyne  witli  Anadcnia. 

Sect.  1.  Eugrevillea. —  Eacemes  secund,  andelongated,or  few-flon-ercd.  Pcriantli- 
tuhe  dilatcd  hclou'  the  middle  ancl  usucdly  opening  on  tJie  lower  sicle,  revolute  undcr  the 
limb.     Torus  small,  straight  or  slightly  ohlique.     /Stigmatic  disk  lateral. 

SERif.s  1.  Iieiogynse. —  Ovary  glahrous,  stipitate.  Torus  sometimes  ohliq^te,  hut 
with  the  gland  side  the  longest.     Species  all  Western,  one  also  in  S.  Australia. 

JRacemes  sessile  or  nearly  so  on  leafy  branches.    Leaves  linear, 
undivided,  obtuse. 
Piacemes  loose,  several-flowered.     Stipes  of  the  ovary  thick 
and  flattened. 

Leav(?s  narrow-linear 1.    G.pinaster. 

Lcaves  ohlong  lincar 2.   G.  obtusifolia. 


Grevillea.]  Civ,   proteace^.  419 

Eiicemes  mostly  reduced  to  a  single  pair  of  flowers.    Leaves 

very  narrow-linear 3.   C  sparsijlora. 

(See  also  sect.  Lissostylis,  ser.  Punicece.) 
Eacemes  sessile,  lew-flowered.  Leaves  lobed  or  divided.  Styles 

very  iong. 
Leaves  with  3  brnad  triungnlar  pungentpointed  lobes    .     .     4.   G.  macrostylis. 
Leaves  witli  3  or  5  narrow-linear  divaricate  rigid  pungent- 

pointed  segments 5.   G.  tripartita. 

Eacemes  2-  or  4-flowered,  usually  several  on  a  sbort  leafless 

flexuose  peduncle  or  branch. 
Leaves  once  or  twice  3-lobed  with  broad  rigid  lobes.  Rhachis 

very  flat Q.   G.  platypoda. 

Leaves  once  or  twice  ternately  divided   into    narrow  rigid 

divaricate  pungentpointed  segments 7.    G .  patentiloha. 

Leaves  regularly  pinnate  with  narrow  rigid  but  not  pungent 

segments 8.   (7.  pectinata. 

Racemes  loose  but  short,  several  on  long  leafless  peduncles  or 

branches. 
Leaves  regularly  pinnate  with  iong  narrow-linear  rigid  but 

not  pungent  segments 9.    (?.  plurijuga, 

Leaves  simple,  narrow-linear,  often  very  long 10.    G.  nudijlora. 

Eacemes  rather  dense,  many-flowered.     Leaves  pinnate  with 

narrow-hnear  or  filiibrni  segments. 

Leaves  simply  pinnate \l.   G.  stenomera. 

Leaf-segments  mostly  again  divided 12.   G.  Thelemanniana. 

Series  2.  Hebe^ynse. —  Ovary  sessile  or  scarcely  stipitate,  detisely  villous.    Torus 
sometimes  hut  very  rarely  sliyhtly  ohlique,  ivith  the  yland  side  the  shortest. 

Leaves  obtuse  or  mucronate,  not  pungent. 

Leaves  narrow-linear,  rigid,  mostly  undi^nded,  1  to  2  in. 

long.     Racemes  short 13.   G.  concinna. 

Leaves  mostly  pinnate  with  narrow-linear  rigid  segments 
doubly  grooved  underneath. 
Leaf-segments  3  to  9,  under  2  in.  long.     Eacemes  silky, 
14  to  3  in.  long. 

Leaves  glabrous  when  full-grown 14.   G.  Booheriana. 

Leaves  silky  on  both  sides 15.   C  Baxteri. 

Leaf-segments  few   or  leaves   entire,   4   to   8  in.  long. 
Racemes  villons. 

Eacemes  2  to  4  in.  long.     Perianth  |:  in 16.   G.  pterosperma. 

Eacemes  dense,  3  to  6  in.  kmg.     Perianth  \  in.  long  .17.    G.  eriostuchya. 
Leaf-segments  numerous,  regular,  under  2  in.  Jong. 

Eacemes  dcnsely  villous,  2  to  4  in 18.   G.  thyrsoides. 

Leaves  pinnate  with  linear  or  lanceolate  segments,  glabrous 
above,  silky  underneath.     Perianth  villous. 
Leaf-segments  very  narrow,  4  to  8  in.  long,  often  divided  19.   G.  chrysodendron. 
Leaf-segments  few,  Hnear-lanceolate,  2  to  4  in.  long    .     .  20.   G.  Banksii. 
Leaf-segments  numerous,  regular,  linear-oblong,  f  to  1 5  in. 

long 21.   G.  Caleyi. 

Leaves  entire  or  pinnately-toothed  or  lobed,  lanceolate  to 
ovate. 
Leaves  long,  lanceolate.     Perianth  silky. 

Tall  and  erect.  Racemesdense.  Perianth-tubenarrow    .  22.   G.  asplenifolia. 
Prostrate.     Eacemes  loose.     Perianth-tube  broad,  ex- 

panding  into  an  orbicular  disk 23.    G.  cirsiifoHa. 

Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  entire,  2  to  5  in.  long      .  24.    G.  laurifolia. 
Leaves  oblong  or  lancoolate,  acute,  6  to  10  in.  long,  entire 

or  broadly  pinnatifid 25.   G.  Barldyana. 

E  E  2 


420  civ.   PROTEACE^.  [GrevUlea. 

Leaves  or  leaf-lobes  pungent-pointed  (the  first  five  species 
all  Eastern). 
Leaves  ovate  or  cuneate,  with  pricklj  teeth  or  lobes. 

Prostrate.  Leaves  ovate,  undulate,  shortlj  pricklj-toothcd. 

Torus  slightly  oblique 26.    G.  repena. 

Erect   or  spreading.     Leaves  ovate  oblong   or  cuneate, 
irregularly  lobed.     Torus  straight. 
Leaves  usually  villous,  pinnately  many-toothed  or  lobed. 

Stipes  of  the  ovary  very  short 27.   G.  aquifoUum. 

Leaves  glabrnus  above  or  nearly  so,  silky  underneath, 
cuneate  with  few  lobes.     Stipes  of  the  ovary  as  long 

as  the  ovary 2Q.   G.  ilicifolia. 

Leaves  glabrous,  deeply  pinnatifid,  withbroad  prickly  lobes. 

Leaf-lobes  oblong  or  ovate,  entire  or  rarely  2-  or  3-l()bed  29.    G.  Gaudichaudii. 
Leaf-lobes    mostly   cuneate,   very   rigid,    2-  or  3-lobed. 

Eacemes  dense 30.   G.  acanthifolia. 

Leaf-lobes    niostly   again   pinnatifid.      Racemes    loose. 

Westcrn  species 31.   (?.  hipinnatifida. 

Leaves  once  or  twice  ternately  divided  into  linear  rigid 
divaricate  segments.     Western  species. 
Eacemes  dense.     Flowers  numerous,  about  \  in.  long, 

nearly  sessile 32.  G.  armigera. 

Eacemes  loose.     Flowers  nearly  ^  in.  long,  on  slender 
pedicels 33.   G.  asparagoides. 

Sect.  2.  Ptychocarpa. — Bacemes  short,  often  umhel-like.  Perianth-tuhe  dilated 
helow  the  middle  and  usually  opening  on  the  lower  side,  revolute  under  the  limh. 
Torus  small,  straight  or  ncarly  so.  Oxary  sessile  or  very  shorlly  stpitate,  densely 
vilJous  or  rareJy  icith  only  a  tuft  ofhairs  at  the  hase.  Stigmatic  disk  luttral.  Leaves 
entire.     Species  all  Eastern. 

Perianth  densely  villous. 

Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  mostly  obtuse,  the  upper  surface 

glabrous  or  minutely  scabrous 34.   G.floribunda. 

Leaves  ovate    to    oblong-lanceolate,   mucronate-acute,  the 

upper  surface  scabrous-dotted 35.   G.  cinerea. 

(See  also  39,  G.  arenaria.) 
Leaves  oblong  to  linear,  obtuse,  pubescent  or  villous  on  both 

sides 36.   G.  alpina. 

Perianth  sprinkled  or  silky  with  appressed  hairs. 

Leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  with  a  small  callous 
point. 
Leaves  glabrous  or  scabrous  above,  mostly  nai  row. 

Perianth  segments  acuminate  or  acute 37.    G.  montana. 

Perianth-segments  obtuse 38.    G.  obtusiflora. 

Leaves  silky  or  minutely  pubescent  above,  mostly  rather 
broadly-oblong  or  cuueate.     Perianth-segmeuts  acumi- 

nate,  sometimes  villous 39.  G.  arenaria. 

Leaves  ovate  or  lanceolate,  acutely  acuminate  ormucronate 

with  a  fine  poiut.     Perianth-segments  obtuse    ....  40.    G.  mucronulata. 
Perianth  quite  glabrous. 

Leaves  ovate  or  lanceolate,  nearly  flat,  glabrous  as  well  as 

the  branches,  or  slightly  pubescent 41.    G.  Baueri. 

Leaves  linear,  obtuse,  much  revolute,  villous  or  hirsute  as 

well  as  the  branches 42.   G.  lanigera. 

Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  mostly  acute  and  revo- 
lute,  the  upper  surface  glabrous,  scabrous  or  slightly 
hirsute. 
Ovary  villous.     Spreading  ordififuse  shrub,  usually  villous  43.    G.  ericifolia. 


Grevillea.] 


CIV.    PROTEACE^. 


421 


Ovary  glabrous  except  a  tuft  of  hairs  at  the  base. 

Spreading  sbrub   with  linear-subulate    leaves,  mostly 

under  1  in.  long 44.   C  divaricata. 

Erect  shrub  with  ercct  leaves  mostly  above  1  in.  long    45.   O.  rosmarinifolia. 


Sect.  3.  Pla^iopoda. — Racemes  various.  Perianfh-Uibe  dllated  beloiu  the  middle 
and  ustiaUi/  optnung  on  the  lower  si'le,  revolute  under  the  limh.  Torus  verij  oblique, 
the  gland  siile  the  shortest.  Ovary  villous  except  in  a  feiv  axillary-floioered  apecie». 
Stigmatic  disk  very  oblique  or  lateral. 

Eacemes  terminal,  erect,  sometimes  secund.     Ovarj  densely 
villons.     Style  very  long.     Eastern  species  (except   O. 
Wilsoni). 
Leaves  oval-elliptical  or  oblong-lanceolate,  large,  entire  .     .  46.   O.  Ooodii. 
Leavcs   mostly  above   6  in.  long,   simple  or  pinnate  with 

narrow-lanceoiate  obliquely  penniveined  lobes   ....  47.   O.  venusta. 
Leaves  linear,  above  6  in.  long,  simple  or  pinnate  with  long- 
linear  lobes. 

Racemes  oblong,  glabrons  except  the  ovary 48.   O.  longistyla. 

Eacemes  usually  paniculate,  viscid-villous 49.   O.  juncifolia. 

Leaves  ternately  divided  into  narrow-linear  rigid  divaricate 

pungent-pointed  segments.     Westera  species    ....  50.   O.  Wilsoni. 
(See  also  73.  G.  Huegelii,  with  a  glabrous  ovary.) 
Eacemes  terminal,  short,  umbel-like.    Style  very  long.   Leaves 

liriear  or  liiiear-lanceolate,  acute,  entire.     Easturn  species   .  51.   G.  lavandulacea. 
Eacemes  short,  few-flowered,  sessile,  terminal  and  in  the  upper 
axils.    Style  short.    Western  species  (except  0.  aspera). 
Leaves  ovate,  rigid,  sinuate  and  prickly-toothed    .     .     .     .  52.   0.  insignia. 

(Seealso71.  G.  C'M«?ii7i(7/iamu,  wilh  a  glabrous  ovary). 
Leaves  entire,  narrow  or  rarely  ovate. 
Branches  sparingly  or  shortly  pubescent. 

Leaves  ovate  or  lanceolate,  4  to  |  in.  long  or  oblong 

and  longer,  obtuse 53.    G.  Brownii. 

Leaves  linear  or  hanceolate,  ^  to  2  in.  long.     Flowers 
small. 
Leaves  smooth  or  minutely  scabrous  above       .     .     .  54.    0.  fasciculata. 
Leaves  veined  and  very  scabrous  above       ....  55.    G.  aspera. 
Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  2  to  4  in.  hmg     ....  56.    0.  brachystylis. 
Branches  densely  and  softly  villous.  Ferianth-tube  broadly 

saccate  at  the  base 57.   G.  saccata. 

Branches  hirsute  with  long  fine  hairs.     Perianth  small, 

not  saccate 58.   G.  Drummondii. 

Eacemes  reduced  to  1  or  2   pairs  of  flowers  moslly  axillary. 
Torus  sometimes  less  oblique.     Ijcaves  entire. 
Leaves  narrow-linear.     Ovary  villous.     Style  long. 

Leaves  anguiar-terete,  ^  to  |  in.  long 59.   <?.  disjuncta. 

Leaves    convex   and    smooth    above,  channelled  under- 

neath,  f  to  14  in.  long 60.   O.haplantha. 

Leaves  narrow-linear.     Ovary  villous.     Style  short  .     .     .61.   G.pinifolia. 
Leaves  linear-subulate,  pungeut-pointed.     Ovary  glabrous. 

Style  long 62.  (?.  acuaria. 

Leaves  ovateororbicular,  small,  flat.   Ovary  glabrous.   Style 

long Q3.   0.  singuliflora. 

Leaves  linear-cuneate  or  oblong,  1-nerved.     Ovary  glabrous. 

Fruit  small 64.   O.  pauciflora. 

Leaves  linear  or  linear-cuneate,  tliick,  nerveless. 

Fruit  1  to  14  in.  long.  Flowers  unknown.  Eastern  species  65.   0.  Strangca. 
Fruit  2  to  24  in.  long.     Ovary  villous.    Style  short.    Pe- 

rianth  unknown.     Western  species 66.   <?.  cynanchicarpa. 


422  civ.   PROTEACE^.  [GrevUlea. 

Sect.  4.  Calothyrsus. — Bacemes  secund,  usually  many-flowered.     Ferianih-tube 
more  or  lens  dUated  belcw  the  middle  and  vsnuUy  opening  on  the  lower  side,  recolute 
under  thc  limb.     Torti.<i  oblique,  the  gJand  side  thc  shortost.     Ovary  glahrous,  stipitate. 
iSpeiies  aU  tropical  except  (.J.  quercifolia  aiid  G.  lliiegelii. 
Leaves  undivided,  ovate  or  lanccolate,  angular  or   pricklj- 
toothed. 
Leaves  petiolate  or  tapering  at  the  base. 
Leaves  glabrous,  mostly  sinuate-toothed. 

Eacemcs  niostly  terrninal  on  long  peduncles.    Perianth 

bearded  innide  with  verv  short  hairs       .     .     .  _  .     .  67.    <3.  quercifulia. 
Eacemes     axillary,    shortly    pedunculate.       Perianth 

densely  bearded  iuside  with  erect  hairs 68.    <3^.  angulata. 

Leaves  silky-pubescent  at  least  when  young,  mostly  an- 
gular.     Racemes  axillary.     Perianth  bearJed  inside 
with  spreading  or  reflexed  hairs. 
Perianth  .shghtly  dilated  at  the  base  as  in  G.  angidata  69.   G.  Wickhami. 
Perianth  much  dilated  at  the  base  as  in  G.  Cunning- 

hamii 10.   G.  agrifulia. 

Leaves    sessile,  deeply    cordate    with    large    stem-clasping 

auricles,  sinuate  and  prickly-toothed .  1\.    G.  Cunninghamii. 

Leaves    sessije,  dfcply   and  regularly   pinnatifiJ  with   rigid 

pungent  pointed  iobes .  72.    G.pungens. 

Leaves  (ince  or  twice  (iivided  into  short  linear  rigid  divaricate 
segments.     Racemes  very   short  with  long  flowers.     Desert 

ppscies 13.   G.  HufgeUi. 

Leaves  not  toothed,  entire  or  divided  into  long  narrovv  seg- 
ments.     Piacemes  usually  paniculate. 
Leaves  undivided,  broadly  falcate,  longitudinally  reticulate    74.    G.  dimidiata. 
Leaves   mostly    pinnate,    the    segments    oblong  lanceolate, 

longitudinaily  reticulate 15.   G.  helioxperma. 

Leaves  mostiy   pinnate,   the  segments  oblong-lanceolate  or 
linear,  penniveined  with  numerous  oblique  parallel  pri- 

mary  veins IQ.   G.  refracta. 

Leaf-segments    numerous,  linear,    obscurely  veined   above, 
1-nerved  underneath.     Eacemes   long.     Perianth  above 

^  in.  long 11.   G.  Dryandri. 

Leaf-segments  not  numerous,  Hnear  or  lanccolate,  obscurely 
veined   above,    1-nerved  underneath.      Eacemes  dense.   ' 

Perianth  under  ^  in.  long IS.   G.  poh/.stachya. 

Leaves  mostly  bipinuatifid  with  lanceolate  lobes  or  segments    79.   G.  rohusta. 

Sect.  5.  Cycladenia. — Bacemes  manyfloioered,  paniculate  {scarcely  secund?)    Pe- 
riaiith  ncarly  of  (Jycloptera,  hut  larger.     Torvs  struight.     J/ypogynous  gland  annvlar 
(deflcient  on  the  loiver  side  in  aU  other  sections).     Ovary  glahrous,  stipitate.      Western 
species. 
Leaves  divided  into  short  rigid   linear  divaricate  pungent- 

pointed  segments 80.   G.  annuUfera. 

Leaves  divided  into  numerous  very  long  narrow-Iinear  seg- 

Eients Q\.   G.  leucopteris. 

Sect.  6.  Cycloptera. — Bacemes  dense,  usuaUy paniculate.  Flon-ers  small.  Ferianth- 
tube  narrow,  recurred  or  nflexed  vnder  the  limb.  Torus  straight.  Ovary  glabrous, 
stipitate.  Fruit  usually  hroad.  Seeds  winged  all  round.  Tropical  or  suhtropical 
species, 

Leaves  longitudinally  veined. 
Leaves  mostly  pinnate. 

Leaf-segments  linear,  very  long  and  narrow 82.   G.  leucadendron. 

Leaf-segnients  linear  cuneate,  obtuse,  under  5  in.  long      .  83.   G.pyraiuidcdis. 
Leaves  uudivided,  very  long,  with  9  to  13  closely  parallel 
veins 84.   C.  striata. 


Grrevillea.]  civ.   proteace.t:.  423 

Leaves  undivicled,  falcate,  longitudinally  reticulate  and  irre- 

gularly  several-veined 85.   O.  mlmoxoidea . 

Leaves  large,  peiinivcined,  ovate  lanccolate  or  oblong. 

Leaves  entire   or  decply  pinnatifid,  rather  thin,   ghibrous 

above,  silvery-silky  underneath 86.    (?.  Hillii. 

Leaves  rather  tliick,  entire,  minutely  pubescent  on  both 
sides 87.   G.  (jihhosa. 

Sect.  7.  Eriostylis. — liacemes  umhel-like,  sessile  or  nearhj  so.  Floivers  small, 
villous.  Perianth-tahe  narroio  or  rather  broad,  revolute  under  the  limh.  Torus 
atraight.  Ovarij  shortly  stijntale,  villous  as  loell  as  the  style;  stigmatic  disk  lateral. 
Leaves  entire. 

Hairy  style  produced  into  an  appendage  beyond  the  stigmatic 
disk.     Eastern  species. 
Leaves  ovate  to  broadly  lanceolate.  Stigmatic  disk  orbicular, 

the  hairy  appcndage  reflexed 88.   G.  huxifolia. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear.     Stigmatic  disk  oblong,   the 

hairy  appendage  erect 89.   G .  phylicoides . 

Hairy  style  not  produced  (or  obscnrely  so  in  G.  sphacelata), 

the  disk  orbicular  or  ovah     Western  species  (except  G. 

sphacelata) . 

Leaves   lanceolate  or    linear,  scabrous-punctate.      Young 

branches  closely  silky.     Stigmatic  disk  oval. 

Stipes  of  the  ovary  much  longer  thau  the  gland.     Stig- 

matic  disk  not  projecting  beyond  the  hairy  style     .     .  90.   G.  sphacelata. 
Stipes  of  the  ovary  very  short.     Stigmatic  disk  with   a 

free  glabrous  margin 91.   G^.  occidentalis. 

Young  brauches  villous.     Stigmatic  disk  thick,  with  an 

incnrved  turbinate  glabrous  back 94.   G.  oxystigma. 

Leaves  narrow-linear,  rarely  hmceolate,  smooth. 

Leaves  h'near-terete,  pungent-pointed.      Stigmatic   disk 

oval,  flat 92.   G.  acerosa. 

Leaves  linear,  not  pungent.     Stigmatic  disk  orbicular, 

flat 93.   G.  zimhellulata. 

Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  nnt  pungent.    Stigmatic  disk 

thick  with  an  incurved  turbinate  glabrons  back       .     .   94.    G.  oxystigma. 
Hairy  style  not  produced  beyond  the  base  of  the  stigmatic 
disk  which  terminates  in  an  oblong  involute  appendage. 
Leaves  mostly  lanceolate,  smooth.     Stigmatic  disk  glabrous 

on  the  baclc 95.   G.  Candolleana. 

Leaves  mostly  linear,  scabrous-punctate.     Stigmatic  disk 

tomentose  on  the  back 96.   G.  scahra. 

Sect.  8.  Iiissostylis. — Racemes  short  and  dense  {except  G.Victorite  and  G.  trachy- 
theca).  Perianth-tube  narroio,  revohite  or  recurved  under  the  limh.  Torus  straight. 
Ovary  glahrous,  stipitate.  Stigmatic  disk  {or  cone  in  the  last  two  species)  very  oblique 
or  lateral. 

Series  1.  Punicese. — Flotoers  vot  numerons  or  in  a  loose  raceme,  the  perianth 
ahout  4  in.  long.     Leaves  entire.     Eastern  species. 

Leaves  penniveined,  ovate  to  broadly  lanceolate.     Eacemes 

loose.     Style  not  very  long. 
Leaves  oval  or  ovate-oblong  (li  to  24  iu.),  veinless  above, 

penuiveined  underneath 97.   G.  Miqueliana. 

Leaves  obovate  oroval  (|  to  1|  in.),  veinless  above,  1-nerved 

underneath 98.    G.  hrevifolia. 

Leaves  lanceolato  (2  to  4  in.),  penniveined  above,  1-nerveu 

undemeath 99.   (?.  Victori<E. 


424  Civ.   PROTEACE^E.  [G/rvillea. 

Leaves  penniveined,  mostly  lanceolate,  the  lateral  nerves  if 
present  close  to  the  margin.     Style  long. 
Leaves  mostiy  under  14  in.  long.   Eacemes  mostly  terminal  100.   O.  punicea. 
Leaves  mostly  2  to  4  in.  long.     Racemes  mostly  axillary    .  101.  G.  oleoidcs. 
Leaves  narrow,  rigid,  pungent-pninted. 

Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  mostly  3-nerved 102.    G.trinrrvis. 

Leavcs  linear-subulate,  mo.stly  1-nerved lOo.    G.  juniperina. 

(See  also  Eugrevillea,  ser.  LeiogyncB.) 

Series  2.  Sericese. — Floioers  numerous  in  a  short  dense  raceme.  Perianth-tube 
under  4  lines  long.     Leaves  entire.     Fruit  usualhj  smooth.     Eastern  species. 

Leaves  oblong-lanceolate  or  almost  linear,  obtuse  or  with  a 
small  point,  silky  undemeath. 
Flowers  silkypubescent.     Leaves  rarely  l^  in.  long  .     .     .  104.   G.  sericea. 
Flowei's  ferruginous-villous.     Leaves  mostly  l^  to  2  in.  long  105.  G.  capitellata. 
Leaves  oblong-lanceolate  or  linear,  flat,  green  ou  both  sides     .  106.   G.  leiophylla. 
Leaves  mostly  linear,  very  acute. 

Leaves  with  the  midrib  very  prominent  underneath,  doubly 
grooved  when  narrow. 
Leaves  open  nnderneath  between  the  midrib  and  margin. 

Perianth-tube  2^  to  3  lines  long 107.   G^.  linearis. 

Leaves  very  rigid,  doubly  grooved  underneath. 

Perianthtube  2.^  to  3  lines  long 108.  G.  confertifolia. 

Perianth-tube  not  2  lines  long 109.    G.  parviflora. 

Leaves  (under  1  in.)  with  the  midrib  not  prominent  nnder- 
neath,  singly  grooved  when  narrow.  Perianth-tube  about 
2  iines  long 110.   O.  australis. 

Series  3.  Occidentales. — Flowers  numerous  in  a  dense  raceme  or  head.  Perianth- 
tuhe  under  4  lines  long.  Leaves  entire  or  divided.  Fruit  usually  {but  not  always) 
rugose  or  tuberculate.     Western  species. 

Kacemes  short.     Bracts  none  or  minute  and  falling  off  early. 
Stigmatic  disk  flat  or  convex. 
Leaves  rather  thick,  obtuso  or  mucronate,  oblong-cuneate 
or  linear,  entire  or  divided. 
Kacemes  ovate,  on  short  peduncles.     Perianth-tube  about 
2  lines  long. 
Leaves  entire  or  rarely  2- or  3-toothed  when  broad       .  111.   0.  comtmdata. 
Leaves  mostly  pinnate  with  narrow  linear  segments     .   112.    G.pinnatisecta. 
Racemes  globular,  ou  iiliform  peduncles.     Perianth-tube 

about  1  line  long 113.   G.  argyrophylla. 

Leaves  rathcr  thick,  nariow-linear,  all  entire. 

Leaves  duubly   grooved    underneath.      No  hypogynous 

gland.     Fruit  smooth 114.    G.  brachystachya. 

Leaves  long,  1-nerved  underneath,  concave  and  nei-veless 

above.     Gland  pulvinate 115.   G.  Endlicheriana. 

Lcaves  not  very  thick,  varying  from  broadly  cuneate  and 
acutely  toothed  or  lobed  to  narrow-linear  and  vcry 
acute. 

Leaves  silky-pubcscent  underneath 116.   G.  manglesioides. 

Leavcs  glabrous  on  both  sides 117.   G.  diversifulia. 

Leaves  linear  tercte,  singly  or  doubly  grooved. 

Leaves  slender,  entire  or  rarcly  2-  or  3-lobcd.    Flowers 
very  sniall. 
Leaves  4  to  6  in.  long.     Eacemes  asillary  and  ter- 

niiiiivl 118.   G.filifolia. 

Loaves  1  to  2  in.  long.     Raceiues  axillary       .     .     .119.   G.  halctoides. 
Leaves  ternately  dividcdinto  rigid  divaricate  puiigent- 

pointed  segments 120.   0.  teretifolia. 


Grevillea,]  civ.   proteace.i:.  4'25 

Racemes  sliort.     Bracts  membranous,  broad,  imbricate  in  the 

young  racemes,  persisting  neariy  to  tlie  flowering.     Stig- 

matic  disk  flat  or  convcx. 

Eacemes  on  long  terminal  leafless   simple  or  brancbed  pe- 

duncles. 

Leaves  large,  glaucous,  undulate,  deeply  pinnatifid,  with 

obovate  or  oblong  lobes 121.    G.  erijngioldes. 

Leaves  narrow-linear,  rigid,  entire  or  deeply  trifid,  doubly 

grooved  underneath 122.    G.  hracteosa. 

Kacemes  dense,  terminal.    Stigmatic  dislvconical  in  the  centre 
or  replaced  by  au  oblique  cone. 
Eacemes  short,  sessile.     Leaves  short,  crowded,  with  3  or  5 

narrow-linear  segments 123.   G.  crithmifolia. 

Racemes    elongated,    cylindrical.      Leaves    narrow-linear, 

entire  or  3-lobed 12  i.   G.  trachytheca. 

Sect.  9.  Cono^yne. — Racemes  dense  or  rarely  slender,  short  or  cylindrical. 
Flowers  small.  Perianth-tube  .  slender,  recurved  under  the  limb.  Torus  straight. 
Ovary  stipitate.     Stylefiliform,  with  an  erect  stigmatic  cone. 

Hypogynous  gland  none  or  very  obscure.     Racemes  short  or 
rarely  elongated  and  loose  or  cylindrical. 
Ovary  villous.    Leaves  ternately  divided.    Eastem  speciea. 

Leaf-segments  narrow-linear,  rigid,  pungent-pointed    .     .  125.    G.  triternata. 
Leaf-segments    oblong-cuneate    or    lanceolate,    prickly- 

toothed 126.  G.  ramosissima. 

Ovary  glabrous.    Western  species  except  G.  nematophylla. 
Leaves  toothed  or  pinnatifid. 

Leaves  ovate,  prickly-toothed,  glabrous,  glaucous    .     .  127.  G.  monticola. 
Leaves  mostly  linear-cuneate  or  lanceolate,  toothed  or 

pinnatifid,  silky  undemeath 128.   G,  Muelleri. 

Leaves  cuneate  or  linear,  3-fid  or  3toothed. 

Racemes  short  and  sessile.     Entire  base  of  the  leaf 

short  and  broad  or  linear 129.    G.  trifida. 

Racemes  oblong-cyliudrical,  pedunculate.     Entire  base 

of  the  leaf  long  and  cuneate.    Leaf  very  glaucous     .   130.    G.  synaphece. 
Leaves  mostly  pinnate  with  pinnatifid  or  pinnate  pinnfe. 
Ultimate   leaf-segments     short     and    broad,     rhachis 

flexuose.     Eacemes  oblong-cylindrical,  compact  .     .  131.   G.flexuosa. 
Leaf-segments  narrow,  rhachis  and  stems  very  siender. 

Racemes  elongated,  loose 132.   (?.  leptohotrya. 

Leaves  twice  or  thrice  ternately  divided  into  linear  pun- 
gent-pointed  segments. 
Leaf-segmeiits  short.    Racemes  short  and  sessile     .     .  133.   G.  breviciispis. 
Leafsegments  iong.     Racemes  cylindrical   elongated 

and  loose 134.    (?.  intricata. 

Leaves  filiform,  entire.  Racemes  cylindrical,  paniculate  .   135.    G.  diJymohotrya. 
Hypogynous  gland  semiannular.     Racemes  cyliudrical,  nar- 
row,  in  a  terminal  leafless  panicle. 
Leaves  flat,  oblong  or  lanceolate.     Ovary  stipes  very  short  136.    G.  polyhotrya. 
Leaves  linear-terete,  very  long.     Ovary  stipes  long  .     .     .  137.   G.  nematophylla. 

Sect.  10.  Anadenia. — Bacemes  dense,  short  or  cylindrical.  Flowers  small. 
Perinnth-tuhe  slender,  straight,  limh  erect.  Torus  straight.  Style  filiform  or  dilated 
upicards,  not  contracted  under  the  erect  stigmatic  cone.  Western  species  except  G. 
anethitolia. 

Hypogynous  gland  semiannular.     Leaves  linear-terete,  ter- 
nately  divided. 
Leaf-segments  divaricate,  under  1  in.  long,  pungent-pointed. 

Racemes  short,  sessile.     Style  dilated  and  flattened    .     .  138.   G.  anethifolia. 


426  ctv.   PROTEACE-E.  [Gremllea. 

Racemfscylindrical, spike-like,ses8ile,  the  rhachis  denselj 

villous.     Style  long,  filiform 139.   G.  paradoxa. 

Leaf-segments  erect,  above  1  in.  long,  not  pungent.     Ea- 
cemes  spike-like,  pedunculate  along  a  common  leafless 

peiluncle 140.    G.  petrophiloides. 

No  hypogynous  gland. 

Leaves  flat,   pinnate,  with   3-lobed   or   pinnatifid   pinnje. 
Eacemes  rather  short.     Ovary  stipitate. 

Pinnfe  3  or  5.     Perianth  2^  Hnes  long 141.    G.  tenuiflora. 

Pinnse  7  to  11.     Perianth  14  lines  long 142.    G.  pulchella. 

Leaves  entire  or  toothed  at  the  end.     Eacemes  cylindrical. 
Ovary  nearly  sessile. 
Leaves  narrow  cuneate,  3-lobed  or  3-toothed  at  the  end. 

Ovary  villous 143.   (?.  rudis. 

Leaves  obovate-oblong    or    lanceolate,    entire.      Ovary 
glabrous. 

Leaves  glabrous 144.  G.  SJiuttlen-orthiana 

Leaves  more  or  less  pubescent 145.  G.inlegrifolia. 

Leaves  narrow-linear.     Ovary  glabrous. 

Fruit  3  or  4  times  as  long  as  broad 146.  G.  stenocarpa. 

Sect.  11.  Mang^lesia. — Bacenies  short,dense,axillriry.  Floicers  small.  Perianth- 
tuhe  straifjht,  slendtr  orfusiform  ;  limb  erect.  Torus  straight.  Ovary  ghihrous,  sti^n- 
tate.  Style  turgid  in  the  rniddle  or  fusiform,  constricted  wider  the  erect  stigmatic 
cone.     Western  species. 

Hypogynous    gland    none.       Style    fusiform.       Stem-leaves 
broadly  cuneate  ;  floral  leaves  with  3  linear  pungent  seg- 

ments 147.  G.  acrohotrya. 

Hypogynous  gland  semianuular.     Style  turgid  in  the  middle. 
Capsule  very  rugose.     Leaves  mostly  above  1  in.  long. 
Leaves  quite  glabrous.     Racemes  branching. 

Leaves  broad,  once  or  twice  trifid  with  short  lobes       .  148.  G.  gJahrata. 

Leaves  narrow,  with  3  lanceolate  lobes 149.  G.  ornithopoda. 

Leaves   mostly  biternate  with  terete  pungent-pointed 

segments.    Fruit  erect 150.  G.  paniculata. 

Leaves  more  or  less  hoary,  at  least  when  young.  Racemes 
simple. 
Leaves  mostly  biternate  witli  narrow  pungent-pointed 

segments.     Fruit  transverse 151.  G.  biternata. 

Leaves  linear-cuneate,  simple  or  trifid,  villous  under- 

neath 152.  G.  triloha. 

Capsule  smooth.     Leaves  mostly  under  1   in.  long,  with 
pungent-pointed  lobes  or  segments  or  teeth. 
Leaves  broad,  stem-clasping  with  large  auiicles,  prickly- 

toothed 153.  G.  amplpxans. 

Leaf  lobes  more  or  less  dilated,  showing  tlie  imder  surface  154.  G.  vestita. 
Leaf-segments  narrow-linear,  very  rigid,  doubly  grooved 

underneath 155.  G.  tridentifera. 

Leaf-segmeutsslender,  terete,  mostly  1-grooved  .     .     .     .  156.  G.  erinacea. 

G.  berherifolia,  podocarpifolia  and  trifurcata,  Sweet,  and  G.  Flindersii  and  mucro- 
nifilia,  A.  Cunn.,  included  in  Steud.  Nom.  Bot.  ed.  2,  are  garden  names  of  unpiiblisbrd 
species,  which,  if  genuine  Grevillece,  must  be  the  sanie  as  some  of  those  here  described. 

Sect.  1.  EuGREviLLEA. — Racemes  secimd  and  elong-ated  or  few- 
flowered,  rarely  reduced  to  1  or  2  pairs  of  iiowers,  xisually  terminal. 
Periantli-tube  usually  dilated  below  tlie  middle,  and  opeuing-  on  tlie 
lower  side,  the  segments  otherwise  long^-cohering-,  revolute  above  the 


Grevillea.]  civ.   proteace^.  427 

middle.     Torus  small,  straig-lit  or  slig-litly  oblique.     Stig-matic  disk  flat 
or  convex,  lateral. 

Series  1.  Leiooyn^^. — Ovary  g'labrous,  stipitate.  Torus  some- 
times  oblique  but  with  the  g-land-side  the  long-est  (not  the  shortest  as 
in  Plagiopoda  and  Calothyrsus). 

This  series  differs  from  Lissostylis  in  tlie  more  secuml  inflorescence  aiid  in  tlie  sliape 
of  the  perianth. 

1.  G.  pinaster,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Eero  Journ.  vii.  7Q,  and  in  DC.  Prod, 
xiv.  367.  A  bushy  shrub  attaining-  3  or  4  ft.  the  young'  branches 
tomentose,  the  adult  foliag-e  g-labrous.  Leaves  linear,  usually  very 
narrow  and  doubly  grooved  underneath,  the  lower  ones  on  the  young* 
plants  sometimes  broader  linear-lanceolate  llat  3-nerved  and  slightly 
silky  underneath,  all  obtuse  or  with  a  small  callous  point,  1  to  2  in. 
long-.  Racemes  spreading",  rather  loose,  secund,  1  to  1|  in.  long",  the 
rhachis  minutely  pubescent.  Pedicels  filiform,  1  to  2  lines  long". 
Perianth  quite  ghibrous  outside  or  sprinkled  with  few  hairs,  bearded 
inside  to  below  the  middle  with  short  hairs,  the  tube  3  to  4  lines  long-, 
dilated  at  the  base,  attenuate  and  revolute  under  the  g-lobuhir  limb. 
Hypogynous  ghmd  thick,  rather  broad,  semicircuhir.  Ovar}'  ghibrous, 
on  a  long-  stipes  ;  style  long-,  clavate  under  the  broad  very  oblique  or 
hiteral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  glabrous,  nearly  smooth,  rather  narrow, 
the  stipes  dilated  upwards  and  tiattened.  Seeds  with  a  narrow  wing 
on  the  outer  edg'e. 

TV.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  OlJfield,  Drummond,  Gth  coll.  n.  182. 

Var.  hrevifoUa.  Leaves  all  under  1  in.  loiig  and  the  racemes  short  ;  in  one  fipeci- 
men  a  few  otthe  larger  leaves  divided  into  3  segments. — Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

Var.  liirtella.  Leaves  of  the  preceding  variety,  but  more  or  less  hirsute  with  short 
fine  spreading  hairs  often  clustered. — Champion  Bay,  Walcott ;  a  single  specimen  in 
herb.  F.  Mueller. 

2.  G.  obtusifolia,  3feissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  35G.  A  much-branclied 
shrub,  apparently  spreading;  or  procimibent,  the  young  branches 
slig"htly  pubescent  with  appressed  hairs.  Leaves  oblong'-linear  or 
linear-cuneate,  obtuse,  with  recurved  or  revolute  marg"ins,  contracted 
into  a  short  petiole,  glabrous  and  smooth  above,  silky-ferrug-inous 
underneath,  with  a  prominent  midrib.  Racemes  short,  secund,  rather 
loose,  the  rhachis  and  pedicels  g-labrous  or  nearly  so.  Pedicels  slender, 
1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  glabrous  outside,  bearded  inside  to  below 
the  middle  with  very  short  liairs,  the  tube  fully  3  lines  long',  broad  at 
the  base,  attenuate  and  revolute  under  the  obliquely  g-lobular  limb. 
H^-pogynous  g-land  thick,  broad,  semicircular.  Ovary  g-labrotis,  on  a 
long-  stipes.  Style  long-,  thickened  at  the  end  under  the  very  oblique 
or  lateral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  above  ^  in.  long',  nearly  smooth,  the 
stipes  thickened  upwards  and  flattened. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  4th  coll.  n.  278,  also  n.  10  and  34.  The  spc(  irs  is 
verj  near  to  and  perhaps  a  variety  of  G.  pinaster. 


428  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [GrevUlea. 

3.  G.  sparsiflora,  F.  Mvell.  Fragm.  vi.  206.  A  buslij  shrub  of 
about  3  ft.,  with  erect  branches,  tbe  young"  sboots  minutely  silky- 
2)ubescent,  tbe  adult  fobag-e  nearly  g-labrous.  Leaves  ratber  crowded, 
erect,  very  narrow-Iinear  or  almost  terete,  obtuse  or  witb  a  small 
callous  point,  |-  to  1  in  long-,  doubly  g-rooved  underneatb  by  tbe  tbick- 
ened  margin  and  midrib.  Pedicels  in  pairs  or  even  solitary,  axillary 
and  terminal,  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Periantb  g-labrous  or  nearly  so,  tbe 
tube  nearly  4  lines  long-,  ratber  narrow,  attenuate  and  revolute  under 
tlie  g-lobular  bmb,  densely  bearded  inside  about  tbe  middle  with 
reflexed  bairs.  Torus  small,  straig-bt.  Ovary  stipitate,  glabrous ;  style 
long-,  witb  an  orbicular  lateral  stig"matic  disk. 

"W.  Australia.     Sand  flats  near  Eyre's  Relief,  Cape  AriJ,  Maxwell. 

4.  G.  macrostylis,  F.  Mvell.  Fragm.  i.  137.  A  sbrub  of  4  to  6  ft., 
very  near  G.  tripurtita,  witb  the  same  indorescence  flowers  and  fruit, 
but  a  diflerent  foHag'e.  Leaves  on  sbort  petioles,  cuneate  at  the  base, 
more  or  less  deeply  divided  into  3  broad  triang"ubir  or  lanceolate 
pung-ent-pointed  lobes,  nearly  g-bibrous  and  more  or  less  veined  above, 
silvery-silky  underneatb,  tbe  wbole  leaf  usually  about  1  in.  long-  and 
broad.  Flowers  few  in  umbel-like  axillary  or  terminal  racemes,  more 
or  less  secund.  Periantb  above  |  in.  long-,  entirely  as  in  G.  tripartita 
as  well  as  tbe  hypogynous  gland  and  pistil. 

TV.  Australia.  Eyre's  Eelief  and  East  Moiint  Bari-en,  Maxwell.  In  one  speci- 
men  the  leaves  are  much  narrower  and  deeply  3-fid,  or  a  few  of  them  linear-lanceolate 
and  eutire. 

5.  G.  tripartita,  Mcissn..  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  373.  An  erect  shrub  of 
3  to  5  ft.,  tbe  brancbes  tomentose.  Leaves  pinnate,  witb  3  or  5  linear 
divaricate  very  rigid  and  pung-ent-pointed  seg-ments,  flat  but  tbick, 
doubly  g-rooved  underneath,  g-bibrous  or  sbgbtly  silky,  tbe  wbole  leaf 

1  to  l^  in.  long',  the  common  petiole  sbort.  Racemes  sessile,  few- 
flowered,  terminal  or  in  tbe  upper  axils.  Pedicels  pubescent,  4  to  5 
lines  long-.  Perianth  sbg-btly  pubescent  outside  and  minutely  so  inside 
about  tbe  middle,  tbe  tube  ratber  broad,  7  to  8  Hnes  long-,  attenuate 
and  revohite  under  the  very  oblique  usuall}'  tomentose  bmb.  Torus 
sbgbtly  obHque,  tbe  g-land-side  uppermost.  H^iDogynous  g-land  broad, 
thick,  obbquely  semicircular.  Ovary  g-labrous  on  a  short  stipes  ;  style 
very  long',  scarcely  thickened  under  tbe  larg^e  lateral  stig-matic  disk. 
Fruit  bard,  0  to  8  Hnes  long-,  smooth  or  with  a  few  prominent 
tubercles. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  285,  lioe ;  sandy  ridges,  rhillips  river, 
Maxaell. 

6.  G.  platypoda,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  205.  A  sbrub  with  stout 
minutely  tomentose  brancbes,  very  ang-ular  when  young-.  Leaves 
shortly  petiolate,  deeply  pinnatifid,  with  3  or  5  broadiy  cuneate  mostly 
3-lobed  seg-ments,  aU   sbort  and  pung-ent-pointed,  the  wbole  leaf  1   to 

2  in.  long'  and  broad,  firmly  coriaceous,  g-labrous  and  shining'  above, 
minutely  silky  underneatb,  the  primary  veins  prominent.     Racemes  2- 


Grevillea.]  civ.   proteace^.  429 

to  4-flowered,  very  sliortly  pedunculate,  several  tog'etlier  in  terminal  or 
lateral  raceme-like  panicles  of  2  or  3  in.,  the  common  rhachis  broadly 
fasciate  and  liexuose.  Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  slig-htly 
pubescent  outside,  shortly  bearded  inside  above  the  middle,  the  tube 
4  to  5  lines  long-,  slig-htly  dilated  below  tlie  middle,  much  revolute  and 
attenuate  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  nearly  straig-ht.  Ghmd 
very  prominent,  obliquel}'  semicupular.  Ovary  g-labrous,  shortly  stipi- 
tate;  style  not  very  long-,  shortly  thickened  under  the  broadly  oval 
lateral  stig-matic  disk. 

VST.  Australia.  Stirling  range,  F.  Mueller,  a  single  f3pecimen  in  herb.  F.  Mueller. 
The  dilatatiou  of  the  rhachis  of  inflorescence  may  possibly  be  abnormal. 

7.  G.  patentiloba,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  i.  137.  A  spreading-  shrub  of 
about  4  ft.,  g'labrous  or  the  young-  slioots  minutely  silky-pubescent. 
Leaves  mostly  twice  pinnatifid,  with  3  to  7  primary  pinme,  the  lower 
ones  with  3  to  5  seg'ments  and  sometimes  some  of  these  ag-ain  divided, 
and  a  few-  leaves  with  only  3  to  5  segments  altog-ether,  the  seg-ments 
all  linear,  often  short,  rig-id,  divaricate,  pung-ent-pointed,  thick  but  flat, 
smooth  above,  doubly  gTOOved  underneath,  the  whole  leaf  under  2  in. 
diameter.  Racemes  2-  to  4-flowered,  on  very  short  peduncles  but  often 
rather  numerous  in  a  raceme-like  panicle  with  a  common  minutely 
pubescent  rhachis  of  1|  to  3  in.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth 
pubescent  outside  and  in,  the  tube  broad,  about  4  lines  long-,  revolute 
above  the  middle  and  much  constricted  under  the  obliquely  g-lobular 
limb.  Torus  straig*ht  or  oblique  with  the  giand-side  tlie  long-est. 
Gland  prominent,  oblique.  Ovary  giabrous,  shortly  stipitate ;  style 
long-,  sligiitlv  thickened  under  the  oblique  almost  lateral  stig-matic 
dislc. 

^V.  Australia,  Drimmond ;  Phillips  Range,  Maxwell. 

8.  G.  pectinata,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  23.  A  low  spreading-  or  pro- 
cumbent  shrub,  rarely  above  2  ft.  higii,  the  young*  shoots  minutely 
silky-pubescent,  the  adult  foliag-e  giabrous,  of  a  pale  colour.  Leaves 
pinnate,  with  9  to  11  seg-ments,  all  approximate  and  parallel,  narrow 
linear,  thick  but  flat,  obtuse  or  witli  a  small  callous  point,  doubly 
gTOOved  underneath  or  on  both  sides  by  the  prominent  margins  and 
midrib,  the  lower  ones  of  each  leaf  l^  to  f  in.  long-  and  reg-ularly  dimi- 
nishing-  to  the  end.  Racemes  very  short  and  loose,  simple  or  rarely 
branched.  Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long'.  Perianth  slig-htly  hoarv- 
pubescent  or  silky  outside,  very  sparingiy  bearded  inside,  the  tube "  ^ 
in.  long',  not  very  broad  at  the  base,  tapering-  into  a  revolute  neck 
under  the  giobular  limb.  Torus  nearly  straig'ht.  Hypogynous  giand 
very  prominent,  thin,  erect,  semicupular.  Ovary  giabrous,  on  a  ratlier 
short  stipes ;  style  very  long-,  sligiitly  clavate  under  the  lateral  stig-- 
matic  disk,  fruit  nearly  giobular,  4  to  5  lines  long",  prominently  rug-ose. 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  372  ;    G.  etenophylla,  Meissn.  l.c. 

y^.  Australia,  Drummovd,  bth  coll.  n.  407  ;  between  Lucky  Bay  and  Cape  Arid, 
Baxter;  East  Mount  Barren  and  Phillips  Range,  Maxwell. 


430  civ.   puoteacejE.  [Grevillea. 

9.  G.  plurijuga,  F.  Mucll.  Frarjm.  iv.  84.  A  spreading-  shrub 
attaininp-  5  or  (J  tt.  in  heig-ht  and  10  ft.  diameter,  quite  g-labrous  or  the 
young-  shoots  minutely  tomentose.  Leaves  simply  pinnate,  with  9  to  21 
iinear-terete  rig-id  but  rather  slender  mucronate  segnients,  mostly  f  to 
li  in.  long-,  sing-ly  or  doubly  g-rooved  underneath.  Flowering- 
bi-anches  almost  leailess  or  with  simple  leaves  at  the  base  of  the 
racemes.  Eacemes  loose,  secund,  2  to  4  in.  lono-.  Pedicels  slender,  3 
to  4  lines  long-,  g-labrous  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  g-labrous 
but  apparently  viscid  outside,  shortly  bearded  inside  at  about  the 
middle,  the  tube  6  to  6  lines  long-,  rather  broad  in  the  lower  part, 
attenuate  above  the  middle  and  much  revolute  under  the  obliquely 
giobular  limb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  semicircukir,  slig-htly  promi- 
nent.  Ovary  giabrous,  very  sliortly  stipitate  ;  style  very  long-,  the 
stig-matic  disk  hiteral.     Fruit  obliquely  ovoid,  hard,  ?  to  8  lines  long-. 

W.  Australia.     Sand  flats,  Point  Malcolm,  Maxwdl. 

10.  G.  nudiflora,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Procl.  xiv.  366.  A  diffuse 
prostrate  or  trailing-  shrub  extending-  sometimes  to  several  feet, 
glabrous  or  the  young-  shoots  minutely  silk3'-pubescent.  Leaves  rather 
crowded  at  the'  base  of  the  branches,  undivided,  very  narrow-Hnear, 
rig-id  but  not  pung-ent,  doubly  g-rooved  underneath  by  the  prominent 
midrib  and  margins,  varying-  from  under  2  in.  to  fully  6  in.  long-. 
Flowering-  branches  long-  and  leafless,  often  compressed.  Kacemes 
loose  but  few-flowered,  on  short  distant  simple  or  branched  peduncles, 
the  subtending-  leaves  reduced  to  small  scales  or  entirely  deficient. 
Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  red,  giabrous  outside,  bearded 
inside  to  below  the  middle  with  short  hairs,  the  tube  4  or  5  lines  long-, 
rather  broad,  attenuate  and  revolute  under  the  giobular  limb,  Torus 
straigiit.  Gland  prominent,  semi-annular.  Ovary  giabrous,  rather 
shortly  stipitate  ;  style  long-,  sligiitly  thickened  under  the  very  oblique 
or  hiteral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  broad,  about  |  in.  long-,  smooth  or 
slig-htly  chagrined. — G.  pcclunculosa,  F.  MueU.  Fragm.  i.  135. 

■W.  Australia,  Drummond,  5th  coll.  n.  406 ;  Upper  Kalgan  river,  Oldjield,  F. 
3fueller  ;  Phillips  raiiges,  Salt  and  Fitzgerald  rivers,  Maxicell. 

11.  G.  stenomera,  F.  Mucll.  Frngm.  iv.  85,  A  spreading  shrub 
of  4  or  6  ft.,  the  young-  branches  hoary  or  silvery  with  a  minute 
tomentum,  the  adult  foliag'e  giabrous.  Leaves  pinnate,  with  narrow- 
linear  seg-ments  twice  as  long'  and  not  quite  so  regular  as  in  G.  pecti- 
nata,  mostly  1  to  2  in.  long",  obtuse  or  mucronate,  doubly  g-rooved 
undemeath.  Eacemes  solitary  or  several  in  a  terminal  panicle,  spread- 
ing-,  loose,  secund,  1|  to  2  in,  long-,  the  rhachis  and  pedicels  minutely 
pubescont  or  nearly  giabrous.  Pedicels  about  2  lines  long-  in  flower, 
twice  as  long*  in  fruit.  Perianth  nearly  giabrous  outside,  bearded 
inside  above  the  middle,  the  tube  about  3  lines  long-,  dilated  in  the 
lower  part,  attenuate  and  revolute  under  the  giobular  limb.  Torus 
straig-ht.    Gland  broad,  thick,  semicircular,    Ovary  giabrous,  on  a  long 


Grevillea.\  Civ.   proteaceje.  431 

stipes.     Style  long-,  slig-htly  tliickened  under  tlie  lateral  sti^matic  disk. 
Fruit  oblong,  smootli  or  slig-htly  rug-ose,  6  to  8  lines  long-. 

VS^.  Australia.  Murcliison  river  aud  near  Bunbury,  OklfieJd.  This  niay  prove  to 
be  a  variety  of  G.  Thclenianiiiana,  witli  less  divided  leaves  and  a  looser  influrescence. 

12.  G.  Thelemanniana,  I^ndl.  Nov.  Stirp.  Bec.  6.  A  spreading- 
shrub  of  3  to  0  ft.,  the  young-  branches  softly  tomentose  the  foliage 
glabrous  or  ver}'-  slightly  silky,  of  a  pale  or  glaucous  hue,  not  unUke 
that  of  some  Artemisife.  Leaves  pinnate  with  the  lower  pinnoe  usually 
ag'ain  divided,  the  seg'ments  rather  numerous,  linear,  terete,  slender, 
not  pung-ent,  sing-ly  or  doubly  g-rooved  underneath,  the  whole  leaf  1  to 
2  in.  long-.  Racemes  terminal,  spreading-,  secund,  rather  dense,  1  to 
l^  in.  long-,  the  rhachis  tomentose.  Flowers  pink  with  g'reen  tips. 
Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  sprinkled  outside  with  a  few 
appressed  hairs,  bearded  inside  above  the  middle  with  short  hairs,  the 
tube  3  to  3|  lines  long-,  somewhat  dihited  below  the  middle,  attenuate 
and  revolute  under  the  globuhir  limb.  Torus  straight.  Gland  broad, 
semi-orbicular,  thick  but  flat  or  obscurely  3-lobed.  Ovary  g-labrous, 
on  a  long-  stipes  ;  style  long-,  thickened  under  the  obHque  or  lateral 
stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  smooth,  5  or  6  lines  long-. — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  372;  BailL  Hist.  Pl.  ii.  389,  f.  210;  G.  Preissii,  Meissn.  in 
Pl.   Preiss.  i.  643,  ii.  253   and  in   DC.  Prod.  xiv.  371 ;    Bot.    Mao-. 

S.  Australia?  Murray  Desert  near  Lake  Alexandrina,  PFwr^/*,  a  single  specimen 
in  lierb.  F.  Mneller.     Can  it  be  a  cultivated  one  ? 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  iJrummond,  ?i.  69,  Ist  coll.  n.  637,  Prciss,  n.  709,  and 
cthcrs;  between  Swan  river  and  King  George's  Sound,  Harveij ;  King  George's 
Sound,  Fraser. 

I  bave  not  seen  any  typical  specimens  of  the  plant  originally  described  by  Endlicher 
from  Baron  Huegel's  garden,  but  his  character  agrees  well  with  the  common  Swan  river 
specimens.  Baillon's  figure  above  quoti.-d  represents  well  the  foliage  and  inflorescence 
but  the  enlarged  figures  217  and  218  difler  both  from  Endlichei's  description  and  froni 
our  specimens  in  the  shape  of  the  perianth,  its  dense  pubescence,  and  in  the  very  short 
stipes  of  the  ovary. 

Series  2.  Hebegyn^. — Ovary  sessile  or  scarcely  stipitate,  densely 
villous.  Torus  sometimes  but  very  rarely  slig-htly  oblique  with  the 
gland-side  the  shortest. 

This  series  differs  from  Ptycliocarpa  chiefly  in  the  oblong  or  elongated  secund 
racemes,  in  the  periantli  glabrous  inside  as  well  as  the  style,  and  in  the  leaves  not  so 
constantly  entire  as  in  Ptychocarpa.  The  absence  or  prominence  of  ribs  on  the  fruit  is 
a  character  very  rarely  appreciable.  The  seeds  are  in  some  species  more  winged  than 
in  PtychucarjM,  but  that  appears  to  be  no  more  than  a  specific  distinction,  and  can  very 
rarely  be  ascertained  from  herbarium  specimens. 

13.  G.  concinna,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  172,  Prod.  377,  and 
Prot.  Nov.  18.  An  erect  busliy  shrub  of  several  feet,  the  young- 
branches  tomentose  hoary  or  forruginous.  Leaves  mostly  entire,  linear 
or  linear-h^nceohite,  very  shortly  mucronate,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  smooth 
above  and  glabrous  when  ohl,  silky-pubescent  underneath,  but  when 
narrow  the  under  surface  concealed  by  the  revolute  margins  and  thick 


432  Civ.   PROTEACE^.  [Grccillca. 

niidrib,  and  occasionally  on  young-  plants  a  few  leaves  deeply  lobed. 
Racemes  terminal,  shortly  pedunculate,  dense,  secund,  \  to  1  in.  long- 
in  the  tvpical  tbrm.  Pedicels  very  short,  silky  as  well  as  the  rhachis. 
Perianth  silky  outside,  glabrous  inside,  the  tube  3|-  to  4  lines  long-, 
rather  broad  at  the  base,  much  attenuate  and  revohite  under  the  giobu- 
lar  limb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  broad,  depressed,  semilunar.  Ovary 
shortly  stipitate,  densely  villous ;  style  long-,  g-labrous,  slig-htly  thick- 
ened  under  the  broad  obhque  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  acuminate,  about 
I  in.  long:,  obscurely  ribbed. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  36?  ;  Sweet, 
Fl.  Austral.  t.  7 ;  Bot.  Reg-.  t,  1383 ;   G.  Lemamiana,  Meissn.  l.c.  366. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  n.  405;  Lucky  Bay,  i?.  Brown,  Baxter ; 
Gardiner,  Fitzgerald  aiid  Pbillips  ranges,  West  Mount  Barren,  Bremer  Bay,  Maxwdl. 

Var.  racemosa.  Racemes  longer  and  more  erect. — G.  Hewardiana,  Msissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  366,  and  G.  coccinea,  ]\Ieissn.  l.c.  367. — Drummond,  bth  coll.  n.  404  ; 
Mount  Manj-peak,  Preiss,  »i.  711  ;  Gardiuer  river,  JlaxweU. 

14.  G.  Hookeriana,  Mdsm.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  546,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  374.  An  erect  shrub  of  several  feet,  the  branches  tomentose. 
Leaves  pinnate,  with  3  to  9  very  narrow-linear  seg"raents,  rig-id  but  not 
pungent,  doubly  grooved  underneath  by  the  revohite  margins  and  pro- 
minent  midrib,  giabrous  when  full  grown,  the  whole  leaf  6  to  8  in. 
long-  in  some  specimens  with  distant  segments  of  1  to  2  in.,  the  leaf  in 
other  specimens  1  to  2  in.  with  segments  of  |  to  1  in.  Racemes  spike- 
like,  dense,  erect,  secund,  l^  to  3  in.  long-,  the  rhachis  tomentose- 
villous.  Pedicels  scarcely  any.  Perianth  silky-villous  outside,  gia- 
brous  inside,  the  tube  about  4  lines  long-,  sligiitly  dihited  below  the 
middle,  attenuate  and  revolute  below  the  giobular  hmb.  Torus 
straig-ht.  Gland  broad,  horizontally  spreading-,  semiorbicular.  Ovary 
densely  villous,  contracted  at  the  base  but  scarcely  stipitate  ;  style 
long-,  giabrous,  the  stig-niatic  disk  obhque.  Fruit  obtusely  angular, 
shortly  acuminate,  about  f  in.  long-. — G.  tctragonoloba,  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  374, 

^V.  Australia,  Drtimmond,  \st  coll.  n.  033,  4th  coll.  n.  282  ;  Gardiner  river  and 
Doubtful  Island  Bay,  Oldfield. 

Drummond's  specimens  6th  coll.  n.  184,  referred  here  by  Meissner,  although  much 
resembling  G.  Hookeriana  in  foliage,  have  very  different  flowers  aud  constitute  the  G. 
pinnatisecta. 

15  ?  G.  Baxteri,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  22.  Leaves  pinnate,  silky  on 
both  sides,  the  segments  about  1  in.  long-,  narrow-linear,  mucronate. 
Racemes  erect.  Perianth  and  pistil  silfy.  Stig"matic  disk  dilated, 
convex,  nearly  vertical. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod,  xiv,  372. 

TV.  Australia,  Cape  Arid,  Baxter.  I  have  not  seen  this  species,  the  parcel  of 
R.  Brown's  collection  containing  the  original  spccimen  could  not  be  found,  and  I  have 
not  met  with  it  in  any  other  set  of  Baxter's  phxnts.  It  appears  to  be  very  close  to  G. 
Hooleriana,  and  perhaps  one  of  its  forms,  but  differing  in  the  siiky  leaves  and  vertical 
Btigmatic  disk. 

16.  G.  pterosperma,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  22,  and 
in  HooJt.  Kciv  Jnurn.  viii.  208.     A  shrub  of  several  feet  with  numerous 


Grcvillca.]  civ.  proteace.i;,  433 

erect  branches,  silky-tomentose  when  young;.  Leaves  very  narrow- 
linear,  erect,  entire  or  rarely  divided  into  2  or  3  seg-ments,  rig-id  but 
not  pung-ent,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  doubly  g-rooved  underneath,  sprinkled 
with  small  appressed  silky  hairs  or  at  leng-th  g-hibrous.  Racemes 
terminal,  secund,  rather  loose,  "3  to  4  in.  long-,  the  llowers  numerous. 
Pedicels  rarely  1  line  long-,  silky-tomentose  as  well  as  the  rhachis. 
Bracts  membranous  and  imbricate  on  the  young-  racemes  but  fiiUing 
away  very  early.  Perianth  silky-villous  outside,  g-labrous  inside,  the 
tube  nearly  3  lines  long-,  somewhat  dikited  below  the  middle,  narrow 
and  revohite  under  the  g-lobuhir  Umb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  semi- 
annular,  broader  and  llatter  in  the  western  than  in  the  eastern  spe- 
cimens.  Ovary  distinctly  stipitate,  viUous  with  long*  hairs  ;  style 
g'hibrous,  the  stig-matic  disk  obUque.  Fruit  nearl}'-  g-lobular,  densely 
tomentose,  about  h  in.  diameter.  Seed-wing-  rather  broad,  especiaUy 
on  the  outer  margin. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  384  ;  G.  scricostachya, 
Meissn.  l.c.  (previously  named  but  without  diag-nosis  in  Hook.  Kew 
Journ.  iv.  186.) 

N.  S.  ^Vales.     Near  tlie  junction  of  the  Murrumbidgee  and  the  Murray  rivers, 
F.  Jliieller  ;  between  the  Lacblan  and  Darling  rivers,  Barkitt. 
Victoria.     ^^'iniraera  and  Murray  Desert,  Dallachy. 
S.  Australia.     Cooper's  Creek,  Howitfs  Exjjedition. 
■^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  suppl.  n.  10,  also  n.  70. 

17.  G.  eriostachya,  Liiidl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  36.  A  stout  erect  shrub 
of  3  to  6  ft.,  the  young-  branches  silky-hoary  or  tomentose.  Leaves 
very  narrow-Unear,  occasionaUy  undivided  but  mostly  pinnate  with  3 
to  5  long-  distant  seg-ments,  rig-id  but  not  pungent,  doubly  grooved 
underneath,  g-labrous  or  very  minutely  pubescent,  4  to  8  in.  long-. 
Racemes  terminal,  erect,  dense,  secund,  3  to  6  in.  long-  on  short  thick 
tomentose-viUous  peduncles,  and  sometinies  several  on  a  long-  lealless 
branch,  but  often  the  floral  branches  leafy,  the  whole  racerae  densely 
tomentose-viUous.  Pedicels  very  short.  Bracts  membranous,  viUous, 
imbricate  on  the  young-  raceme  but  faUing*  off  very  early.  Perianth 
silky-viUous  outside,  g-labrous  inside,  the  tube  about  |  in.  long-,  sUo-htly 
dilated  at  the  base,  revohite  under  the  obUque  ovoid-globular  limb. 
Torus  straig'ht.  Gland  broad,  flat,  semi-Umar.  Ovary  sessile,  densely 
viUous ;  style  long-,  g-labrous,  sUg'htly  clavate  under  the  obUque 
stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  thick  but  flattened,  obUque,  broad,  |  in.  long\ 
Seeds  broadly  wing-ed  all  round. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  545,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  383. 

^V.  Australia,  Druminond,  \st  coll.  n.  636,  2nd  coll.  n.  328,  also  n.  73;  Jlurchi- 
son  river,  Oldjield ;  Champion  Bay,  Walcott. 

G. pityophylla,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  208,  described  frdni  a  mere  fragment  in  Drum- 
mond'8  coUection,  appears  to  me  to  be  this  species  with  the  leaves  entire,  the  margins 
more  revolute  showing  only  a  single  groove  underneath. 

18.  G.  thyrsoides,  Mcissn.  in  Hook.  Kcm  Jonrn.  vii.  ll .,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  375.  Stems  apparently  decumbent,  leafy  at  the  base, 
slig-htly  tomentose  or  silky-pubescent.  Leaves  pinnate,  with  6  to  14 
pairs  of  very  narrow  linear  seg-ments,  rig-id  but  not  pung-ent,  more  or 

VOL.  V.  F  F 


434  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [GrevUlca. 

less  scabrous-punctate,  doubly  g-rooved  underneatb,  the  wliole  leaf 
2  to  4  in.  long-,  the  segments  |  to  1|  in.  Flowering-  stems  virgate, 
leafless,  often  above  1  ft.  long-,  bearing-  at  tlie  end  1  to  3  shortly 
pedunculate  racemes  and  several  abortive  ones  lower  down.  Perfect 
racemes  secund,  dense,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  the  rhachis  tomentose-villous. 
Pedicels  very  short.  Bracts  ovate  or  lanceolate,  imbricate  on  the 
voung-  raceme  but  falling-  off  very  early.  Perianth  rather  loosely 
silky-villous  outside,  g-hibrous  inside,  the  tube  about  4  lines  long-, 
broad  and  almost  g-ibbous  at  the  base,  narrow  fi-om  the  middle,  revo- 
hite  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  broad,  hori- 
zontal,  semi-lunar,  Ovary  densely  villous  on  a  distinct  stipes ;  style 
long-,  more  or  less  bearded,  shortly  thickened  under  the  obhque 
stismatic  disk.     Fruit  unknown. 

W.  Australia.  Bctween  Dundagaran  ancl  Smith  river,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  v. 
183. 

19.  G.  chrysodendron,  i?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  176,  Prod. 
379.  A  tree  of  15  to  20  ft.,  the  young-  branches  tomentose.  Leaves 
pinnate  with  numerous  very  narrow  linear  segments  of  4  to  8  in.  the 
lower  ones  sometimes  forked,  the  rhachis  angular,  6  in.  to  1  ft.  long-, 
the  seg-ments  silky  underneath,  becoming-  g-labrous  above,  rarely  rather 
broader  and  veiued,  the  margins  revolute.  Racemes  erect,  terminal 
or  in  the  upper  axils,  rather  dense,  secund,  3  to  5  in.  long'.  Flowers 
yellow.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-,  tomentose-villous  as  Avell  as  the 
rhachis.  Perianth  pubescent  or  villous  outside,  g-labrous  inside,  the 
tube  not  broad,  scarcely  3  hnes  long-,  slightly  contracted  and  much 
revolute  under  the  globuhir  Hmb.  Torus  straight.  GLand  almost  or 
quite  divided  into  two,  broad  and  short.  Ovary  sessile,  villous ;  style 
long,  the  stig-matic  disk  oblique  or  lateral,  Avith  a  prominent  central 
umbo.  Fruit  obHcpiely  ovate-oblong,  compressed,  about  f  in.  long. 
Seedwing  surrounding  the  nucleus,  but  narrow. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  383 ;  G.  pteridijblia  Knight,  Prot.  121 ;  G.  Mitchellii,  Hook.  in 
Mitch.  Trop.  Austral.  265 ;  Meissn.  l.c. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gull  of  rarpcntaria,  R.  Brown ;  Victoria  river, 
B>/noe,  F.  Mueller ;  Port  Essington,  Arms'r mg ;  Port  Darwin,  tSchulz ;  Melville 
island,  Fraser,  and  other  points  of  the  N.  coa^t,  ^-1.  Cunningham,  and  others. 

Queensland.  Endeavour  river,  R.  Broiun  ;  Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachi/ ;  Mistake 
Creek,  Fitzalan;  Cape  river,  Bowman  ;  Brigalow  scrub  on  the  Beljando,  Mitchell. 

Meissner  distinguishes  two  species  amongst  MitchelTs  specimens,  differing  chieQy  in 
the  breadth  of  the  perianth-tube  and  in  the  degree  of  obliquity  of  the  stigmatic  di.-k, 
differences  which  however  I  have  failed  to  appreciate  in  the  specimens  quoted. 

20.  G.  Banksii,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  lAnn.  Soc.  x.  176,  Prod.  379.  A 
tall  shrub  or  slender  tree  of  15  to  20  ft.  the  branches  and  inliorescence 
softly  ferruginous-tomentose.  Leaves  deeply  pinnatifid  or  pinnate, 
with  3  to  11  broadly  Hnear  or  lanceolate  segments,  obtuse  or  mucronate, 
with  recurved  margins,  2  to  4  in.  long,  glabrous  above,  silky-ferruginous 
underneath,  the  nii(h-ib  alone  prominent  or  obscurely  penniveined,  the 
whole  leaf  4  to  8  in.  long  and  here  and  there  a  smaller  leaf  undivided. 
Racemes  terminal,  erect,  dense,  secund,  2  to  4  in.  long,  soHtary  or  2  or  3 


Grevillea.]  civ.   puoteacejj.  43^ 

on  a  tenninal  leafless  peduncle.  Flowers  red.  Pedicels  3  to  4  lines 
long-,  tomentose  as  well  as  tlie  rhachis.  Perianth  tomentose  outside, 
g-hibrous  inside,  the  tube  not  very  broad,  6  or  7  lines  long-,  contracted 
and  revohite  under  the  hmb.  Torus  straig"ht  or  nearly  so.  Gland 
prominont,  semiannuhir,  more  or  less  lobed  or  jag'g'ed.  Ovary  sessile, 
densely  villous  ;  style  long-  and  glahrous,  chivate  under  the  very  ob- 
lique  or  lateral  convex  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  obhquely  ovate,  com- 
pressed,  almost  acute,  about  1  in.  long-. — Meissn.  in  I)C.  Prod.  xiv. 
375  ;  Bauer,  IHustr.  t.  9. 

Queensland.  Broad  Soimd,  Keppel  and  Shoalwater  Bays,  B.Broicn;  openbarren 
hills,  upper  Brisbane  river,  A.  Cunningham ;  Rockhampton,  Thozet ;  head  of  Cape 
Tiver.  Boicman  ;  W k\e  Bay,  Bidwill ;  KeppelBay,  0'Shanesy;  mouth  of  Fitzroy  river, 
C  Haynes ;  Facing  Island,  W.  Hill. 

21.  G.  Calejri,  B.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  22.  A  slender  shrub  of5  or  6  ft., 
the  branches  petioles  and  inflorescence  densely  villous  with  soft  spread- 
ing-  ferrug-inous  hairs.  Leaves  deeply  pinnatifid  or  pinnate  with  nume- 
rous  (above  20)  oblong"-hnear  divaricate  seg-ments,  obtuse  or  mucronate, 
"with  recurved  margins,  gdabrous  above,  softly  villous  underneath,  |  to 
Ih  in.  long-  but  very  reg-ular  on  the  same  leaf,  the  whole  leaf  3  to  6  in. 
long-.  Racemes  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  erect,  rather  dense, 
secund,  shortly  pedunculate,  l^  to  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  1  to  2  hnes 
long-.  Perianth  pubescent  or  villous  outside,  glabrous  inside,  the  tube 
about  3  hnes  long-,  shg-htly  dilated  at  the  base,  contracted  and  revolute 
under  the  ovoid  limb.  Torus  straight.  Ghmd  semicircular,  not  very 
prominent.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate,  villous ;  style  long-,  giabrous, 
shortly  thickened  under  the  obhc|ue  umbonate  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit 
broadiy  falcate,  shgiitly  compressed,  |  in.  long-,  villous  but  the  concave 
edg"e  marked  with  longitudinal  giabrous  hnes. — Meissn.'  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  375 ;  Bot.  Mag".  t.  3133  ;   G.  blechiiifolia,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. 

N.   S.  TVales.     Port  Jackson,  Caley,  A.  Gunmngham. 

22.  G.  asplenifolia,  Knight  Prot.  120.  A  tall  shrub  or  small 
slender  tree  of  12  to  15  ft.,  the  branches  minutely  silk3'-puhescent  when 
very  young".  Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  mucronate-acute, 
entire  acutely  toothed  or  pinnatifld  with  short  broad  acute  lobes,  con- 
tracted  into  a  short  petiole,  4  to  10  in.  long-,  giabrous  and  more  or  less 
distinctly  penniveined  above,  silky-silvery  or  fulvous  underneath,  the 
midrib  alone  promineut.  Racemes  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate,  ter- 
minal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  secund,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  scarcely 
1  line  long-,  minutely  tomentose  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  silk}'- 
pubescent  outside,  giabrous  inside,  the  tube  narrow,  4  or  5  lines  long", 
revolute  under  the  obliquely  giobular  limb.  Torus  straigiit  or  nearly 
so.  Gland  semiannular,  not  very  prominent.  Ovary  sliortly  stipitate, 
villous  ;  style  long-,  giabrous  ;  stigmatic  disk  oblirpie,  convex. — R.  Br, 
in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  175,  Prod.  379;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
376;   G.  lonrjifolia,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  22;  Meissn.  l.c. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Bhie  Mountains,  dle.y,  A.  Cunningham, 
Fraser,  and  others ;  Sydney  woods,  Paris  Exhibition,  1855,  M'Arthur,  n.  181. 

F  F  2 


436  civ.  PROTEACE^,  [Grevillea. 

23.  G.  cirsiifolia,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  ii.  253,  and  bi  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
376.  Stems  prostrate,  not  much  branched,  silW-tomentose.  Leaves 
linear  or  lanceolate,  3  to  0  in.  long-,  entire  remotely  toothed  or  pin- 
natifid,  the  teeth  or  lobes  short  and  falcate  or  rarely  long-er  and  lau- 
ceolate,  g-labrous  above  when  full  g-rown,  silky  underneath.  Racemes 
Uiteral  or  axillary,  loose,  secund,  shortly  pedunculate,  2  to  3  in.  long-, 
the  rhachis  pedicels  and  perianths  silky  and  often  fulvous.  Bracts 
small,  often  persistent.  Pedicelsl^  to  31ines  long-.  Perianth  g-hibrous 
inside,  the  tube  scarcely  dilated  at  the  base,  revohite  above  the  middle 
and  the  2  lower  seg-ments  there  dilated  into  broad  semiorbicular  hori- 
zontally  spreading-  appendag-es,  forming-  a  broad  cUsk  entirely  conceal- 
ing-  the  revolute  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  straight.  Ghmd  obsolete. 
Ovary  sessile  or  nearly  so,  densely  villous  with  long-  fulvous  hairs  ; 
style  g-labrous,  thick  but  flattened;  stig-matic  disk  hiteral,  thick,  the 
stig-ma  on  a  prominent  central  point.  Fruit  very  obHcpie,  ovoid,  about 
4  lines  long-. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  Zrd  coll.  n.  267.  The  curious  form  of  the  perianth  is 
quite  anomalous  in  the  genus. 

24.  G.  laurifolia,  Sieh.  in  Roem.  and  Schult.  Sijst.  iii.,  Mant.  2?9  and  in 
Spreng.  Syst.  Cur.  Post.  4-5.  A  procumbent  or  trailing-  shrub,  the  young 
branches  minutely  silky-tomentose.  Leaves  petiohite,  ovate  oblong-  or 
broadly  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  mucronate,  entire,  rounded  or  cuneate  at 
the  base,  2  to  5  in.  long-,  g-labrous  above,  closely  silky  underneath, 
the  primary  veins  nearly  parallel  and  arching*  into  an  intramarg-inal 
nerve  but  not  quite  so  reg'uhir  as  in  G.  Goodii,  and  the  reticulate  vein- 
lets  scarcely  conspicuous.  Racemes  terminal  or  hiteral,  shortly  pedun- 
cuhate,  secund,  rather  dense,  1  to  li  or  rarely  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  1 
to  2  lines  long",  closely  ferrug-inous-tomentose  as  well  as  the  rhachis. 
Perianth  slig-htly  hairy  outside,  g-labrous  inside,  the  tube  obUcjuely 
dilated  at  the  base,  abuut  4  lines  long-,  attenuate  and  revolute  under 
the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Ghind  prominent,  semiannuhir. 
Ovary  stipitate,  villous  ;  style  long-,  g-labrous ;  stig-matic  disk  obhque, 
umbonate. — R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  17  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  352  ; 
G.  humifusa,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Blue  Mountains,  Caleij,  Sieber,  n.  26,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser, 
^Voolls.  In  habit  and  foliage  this  species  resembles  G.  Goodli,  but  the  flowers  are  very 
difierent. 

25.  G.  Barklyana,  F.  Mnell.  (ined.  ?).  A  shrub,  probably  tall,  the 
young-  branches  lioary-tomentose  or  ferrug'inous-silky.  Leaves  either 
()blong'-lanceolate  entire  and  4  to  8  in.  long',  or  pinnatifid  with  3  to  7 
triang-ular  or  broadly  lanceolate  lobes  often  above  1  in.  long*  and  the 
whole  leaf  G  to  10  in.  long-,  penniveined,  g-labrous  above,  ferrug-inous 
or  hoary-tomentose  underneath.  Racemes  nearly  sessile,  dense,  secund, 
2  to  3  in.  long-,  terminal  or  at  length  lateral.  Pedicels  exceedingly  short, 
tomentose  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  pubescent  outside,  glabrous 
inside,  the  tubo  scarcely  dilated  at  the  base,  about  3  lines  long-,  revolute 
under  the  giobular  limb.     Torus  straigiit.     Gland  semiannular^  scarcely 


Grevlllra.^  riv.    photeace.t;.  4.'}* 

prominent.  Ovary  very  sliortly  stipitate,  villous;  style  long-,  glabrous,  the 
stig-matic  disk  slig-litly  oblique,  convex.     Fruit  acuminate,  not  |  in.  long. 

Victoria.  Ranges  on  the  uppftr  Tarwan  and  Biinyip  rivers,  F.  Mueller.  I  have 
been  unable  to  discover  where  F.  Mueller  has  piiblished  this  species. 

2G.  G.  repens,  F.  Mudl.  in  Linnfea,  xxvi.  355.  A  prostrate  sbriib, 
spreadiug-  to  a  g-reat  extent,  the  young-  branches  slig-htly  pubescent. 
Leaves  g-labrous  or  s})rinkled  underneath  Avith  appressed  hairs,  very 
shortly  petiolate,  from  broadly  ovate  to  oval-oblong-,  cordate  truncate 
or  cuneate  at  the  base,  bordered  by  short  prickly  teeth,  the  margins 
often  undulate  but  not  recurved,  penniveined  with  the  primary  veins 
prominent  underneath,  |  to  1|^  in.  long-  when  broad  or  twice  as  long' 
when  narrow.  Racemes  terminal  or  on  short  axillary  branches,  shortly 
peduncukite,  secund,  1  to  2  in.  long".  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long. 
Perianth  silky-pubescent  outside,  g-labrous  inside,  the  tube  3  to  3^ 
lines  long-,  somewhat  dihited  below  the  middle,  revolute  under  the 
g'lobuhir  limb.  Torus  slig-htly  oblique.  Gland  semicircular,  thick  and 
rather  broad.  Ovary  villous,  on  a  stipes  as  long-  as  itself ;  style  long-, 
glabrous,  the  stig'matic  disk  very  oblique,  with  a  central  umbo  or  small 
cone. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  377. 

Victoria.     Goulburn  ranges,  Watts  and  Loddon  rivers,  F.  Mueller. 

27.  G.  aquifolium,  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Thrce  Expcd.  ii.  178.  A  shrub 
of  several  ft.,  the  branches  more  or  less  tomentose  or  villous.  Leaves 
petiolate,  ovate  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong-,  undalate  and  prickly-toothed 
or  pinnatifid  with  short  pungent-pointed  lobes,  cuneate  or  truncate  at 
the  base,  1  to  3  in.  long-,  rigid  and  veined,  sometimes  nearly  g-labrous 
but  more  frequently  pubescent  above  and  silky  or  softly  villous  under- 
neath,  and  often  ferruginous.  Racemes  terminal  or  on  short  axillary 
branches,  nearly  sessile,  dense,  secund,  1  to  2  in.  long'.  Pedicels  very 
short,  villous  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  villous  outside,  g-labrous 
inside,  the  tube  about  4  lines  long-,  dilated  below  the  middle,  attenuate 
and  revolute  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  nearly  straig-ht ;  giand 
semiannular.  Ovary  densely  villous  on  a  very  short  stipes  ;  style  long-, 
g-labrous  ;  stig-matic  disk  sligiitly  oblique  with  a  central  Tuubo. — Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  378 ;  G.  variahUis  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Three  Exped.  ii. 
179;  Meissn.  l.c. ;   G.  induta,  F.  Muell.  First  Gen.  Rep.  17. 

Victoria.  Grarapians,  Mitchell,  F.  Mueller  ;  Wimmera,  Dallachy  ;  near  Bridge- 
water  Baj,  Rohertson ;  Portland,  Allitt. 

28.  G.  ilicifolia,  i?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  21.  A  large  spreading-  shrub 
attaining-  6  ft.  or  more  thoug-h  often  much  smaller,  the  branches  more 
or  less  silky  or  hoary-pubescent.  Leaves  in  the  typical  form  cuneate, 
undulate  prickly-toothed  and  lobed  at  the  end,  with  a  long-  tapering 
base,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  2  in.  long-,  but  sometimes  long-er  and  deeply 
pinnatifid  with  narrow  lobes,  more  rarely  pinnatifid  with  short  lobes 
from  near  the  base  almost  as  in  G.  aquifolium,  or  as  broad  as  long  and 
once  or  twice  3-lobed,  the  lobes  or  teeth  always  rigid  and  pung-ent- 
pointed,  giabrous  and  veined  above,  more  or  less  silky  underneath.  Ka- 


438  <"iv.   pnoTEACE.T:.  [CirviUfu. 

cemes  terminal,  secund,  1  to  0  in.  long-,  the  rhacliis  and  pedicels  silk}'- 
pubescent  or  villous.  Pedicels  about  1  line  long-.  Bracts  sometimes 
persistent.  Perianth  villous  outside,  g-labrous  inside,  the  tube  about  4 
lines  long-,  revolute  under  the  limb.  Torus  nearly  strai^-ht.  Ovarv 
stipitate,  villous  ;  style  long-,  glabrous  ;  stig-matic  disk  oblique.  Fruit 
oblique,  acimiinate,  about  h  in.  long. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  377  ; 
Anadenia  ilicifoUa,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x,  167,  Prod.  375 ;  G. 
Behrii,  Schlecht.  in  Linnaea,  xx.  585. 

Victoria,  Uarvey ;  Forest  Creek,  Mount  Corong,  Station  Peak,  F.  Miieller. 

S.  Australia.  Port  Liiicoln,  JR.  Brown ;  Kangaroo  Island,  Btixter,  Waterhouse  ; 
Spencer's  Gulf,  F.  Mueller. 

Var.  lohata.  Leaves  with  lanceolate  or  rarely  linear  lobes,  and  often  again  lobed. — 
O.  lobata,  F.  Mueli.  in  Trans.  Pliil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  22,  and  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  viii.  207  ; 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  379.  G.  dumetorum,  Meissn.  l.c.  378. — N.  W.  Victoria, 
L.  Morton,  Dallachi/,  and  otbers  ;  Grampians,  Jlitchell;  Murray  Desert,  F.  Mueller ; 
Tattiara  country,  Woods. 

29.  G.  Gaudichaudii,  B.  Br.  in  Gaudich.  Freye.  Voy.  Bot.  443.  t. 
46  ;  Prot.  Noi\  '2'J.  An  erect  shrub  Avith  the  habit  inflorescence  and 
flowers  of  G.  acunthifoUa,  of  which  it  may  be  a  variety  with  less  divided 
and  less  prickly  leaves.  Branches  slightly  silky-pubescent  when  young-, 
but  soon  becoming-  g'labrous.  Leaves  deeply  pinnatifid,  the  lobes  ob- 
long-  or  ovate,  all  entire  and  pung-ent-pointed,  orthe  terminal  one  or 
sometimes  the  lateral  ones  also  cuneate  with  2  or  3  pungent-pointed  teeth 
or  short  secundary  lobes,  the  whole  leaf  2  to  4  in.  long-  and  the  lower 
lobes  sometimes  above  1  in.,  ghibrous  above,  more  or  less  distinctly 
penniveined,  with  the  primary  veins  confluent  in  an  intra-marginal  nerve, 
paler  underneath  and  often  sprinkled  with  appressed  hairs.  Racemes 
terminal,  secund,  silk^^-villous,  entirely  as  in  G.  acanthifoUa,  with  the 
same  perianth,  nearly  sessile  densely  villous  ovary,  long-  g-labrous  style 
and  oblique  stig-matic  disk. — Meissn,  in  DC.  Prod,  xiv.  377. 

N.  S.  VCTales.     Blue  Mountains,  Gaudlchaud,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser, 

30.  G.  acanthifolia,  .4.  Cunn.in  Fichl.  N.  S.  Walcs,  328  tvifh  a  phitc. 
An  erect  or  strag-g-ling-  shrub  of  several  ft.,  g"labrous  except  the  infl.(>- 
rescence,  Leaves  deeply  pinnatifid;  lobes  or  seg-ments  usually  9  to  15 
but  sometimes  more  or  fewer,  either  cuneate  and  3-  to  5-lobed  or  tlie 
upper  ones  lanceolate  and  entire,  all  rig'id,  pung-ent-pointed,  ^reen  on 
both  sides,  the  whole  leaf  Ih  to  3  in,  long",  the  lobes  or  seg'ments  in  some 
specimens  all  under  ^  in.,  in  others  |  to  |  in.  long-.  Racemes  terminal 
or  in  the  upper  axils,  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate,  dense,  secund,  2  to 
4  in.  long.  Pedicels  exceedingly  short,  densely  villous  as  well  as  the 
rhachis.  Bracts  broad,  villous,  membranous,  imbricate  on  the  young- 
spike  and  sometimes  persisting-  till  the  flowers  expand,  Perianth  pink, 
silky-villous  outside,  glabrous  inside,  the  tube  4  to  5  in,  long-,  slightly 
dilated  below  the  middle,  contracted  and  revolute  under  the  globular 
limb.  Torus  nearly  straig-ht.  Glandsemi-annular,  notverj^prominent, 
Ovary  nearly  sessile,  densely  villous  with  long-  silky  hairs ;  style  long-, 
g-Iabrous ;  stig-matic   disk   oblique,   convex,— R,  Br.    Prot.    P(ov.    22 ; 


GreviUeu.]  civ.   proteace^.  439 

Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  3?7  ;  Bot.  Ma2-.   t.   2807  ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab. 
t.  1153;  Lindl.  and  Paxt.  Fl.  Gard.  iii.  i03,  f.  281. 

N.  S.  ^ITales.  Blue  Mountains,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser,  Steher,  n.  32,  and 
otbers. 

Var.  stenomera,  F.  Muell.  Prostrate  ;  leaf-lobes  linear-lanceolate. — Head  of  Mac- 
leay  river,  C.  Moore. 

31.  G.  bipinnatifida,  B.  Br.  Prot.  Kov.  23.  A  diffuse  or  prostrate 
shnib  of  3  or  4  ft.,  the  branches  tomentose-pubescent  with  appressed 
hairs.  Leaves  broad,  deeplj  piunatifid  or  piunate ;  lobes  or  seg-ments 
9  to  21,  either  oblong-  or  cuueate  or  ag-ain  pinnatiiid  with  triang-ular  or 
lanceolate  pung-ent-pointed  lobes,  the  whole  leaf  usually  3  to  4  in.  long 
and  2  to  3  in.  broad,  rather  rig-id,  the  upper  surface  g-la"brous  and  reticu- 
late,  the  lower  sprinkled  with  a  few  hairs  or  g-hibrous,  the  primary 
veins  alone  prominent.  Racemes  loose,  secund,  usually  2  to  4  in.  long, 
solitary  or  several  in  a  terminal  panicle,  the  rhachis  ferruginous-tomen- 
tose.  Pedicels  3  to  5  lines  long-.  Perianth  red,  silky-pubescent  outside, 
g-labrous  inside,  the  tube  7  to  8  lines  long-,  dilated  and  somewhat  g-ib- 
bous  below  the  middle,  attenuate  and  revolute  under  the  g-lobular  limb. 
Torus  straig'ht.  Gland  obovate  or  orbicular,  convex,  horizontally  spread- 
ing-.  Ovary  sessile  or  nearly  so,  shortly  villous ;  style  very  long-,  gla- 
broiis,  slig-htly  clavate  under  the  broad  oblique  stig-matic  disk. — Meissn. 
in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  541,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  376. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Franer,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  632,  Preiss,  n.  707, 
708 ;  Harvey  and  Blackwood  rivers,  Oldjield. — In  some  specimens  tlie  raceme  is  much 
elongated  and  very  loose,  but  not  constituting  a  distinct  variety. 

32.  G.  armigera,  3Ieissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  373.  A  stout  shrub 
the  branches  softly  tomentose,  the  foliag-e  scabrous-punctate.  Leaves 
once  twice  or  three  times  divided  into  narrow-Hnear  rig-id  divaricate 
pung"ent-pointed  seg-ments,  doubly  g-rooved  underneath,  rather  thicker 
and  broader  than  in  O.  asparafjoides,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  2  in.  diameter. 
Racemes  terminal,  sessile,  dense,  secund,  about  2  in.  long-,  the  rhachis 
tomentose.  Pedicels  exceeding-ly  short  or  scarcely  any.  Perianth  silky- 
villous  outside,  g"labrous  inside,  the  tube  about  3  lines  long-,  much  di- 
lated  and  almost  g-ibbous  below  the  middle,  attenuate  and  revolute 
under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  straight.  Gland  broadly  ovate,  spread- 
ing'.  Ovary  nearly  sessile,  densely  villous ;  style  long',  g-labrous,  slig'htly 
thickened  under  the  oblique  stig'matic  disk.     Young-  fruit  globular. 

y^.  Australia,  Driunmond  (2nd  coll.?),n.  164,  Ath  coll.  n.  234;  Plantagenet  and 
Stirliug  Ranges,  JJaxwell. 

33.  G.  asparagoides,  3Ieis.m.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  373.  A  divaricately 
branched  or  prostrate  intricate  shrub  of  several  ft.,  the  branches  tomen- 
tose,  the  foliag'e  minutely  pubescent  or  g'labrous.  Leaves  once  twice 
or  three  tiraes  ternately  divided  into  rig-id  divaricate  pungent-pointed 
seg"ments,  very  narrow  linear  and  doubly  g-rooved  underneath,  the  whole 
leaf  1  to  2  in.  diameter.  Racemes  terminal,  loose,  secund,  rarely  above 
1  in.  long',  the  rhachis  and  pedicels  shortly  hirsute  and  g-landular-viscid. 


440  civ.   PROTEACE-E.  [GrevUlca. 

Pedicels  abouL  2  lines  long-.  Periantli  pubescent  or  hirsute  outside, 
glabrous  or  nearly  so  inside,  the  tube  4  to  5  lines  long",  dilated  or  some- 
vhat  g-ibbous  at  the  base,  attenuate  and  revolute  under  the  globular 
limb.  Torus  straiglit.  Ghtnd  horizontal,  convex,  semi-annuhir,  not 
broad,  sometimes  3-crenate.  Ovary  sessile  or  nearly  so,  villous  ;  style 
long-,  g-labrous,  slig-htly  clavate  under  the  oblique  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit 
ovoid,  acuminate,  7  to  8  lines  long'. 

V^.  Australia,  Drummond,  {2nd  coU.  ?)  7i.  165,  4th  coll.  n.  283 ;  Salt  river  and 
Pliillips  Eaiige,  Maxwell. 

Sect.  2.  Ptychocarpa. — Racemes  short,  often  umbel-Hke  and  not 
at  all  or  scarcely  secund.  Perianth-tube  dihited  below  the  middle  und 
usually  opening'  on  the  lower  side,  the  seg"ments  otherwise  long--coher- 
ing-,  attenuate  and  revolute  above  the  middle.  Torus  small,  straig-ht  or 
nearl}'  so.  Style  hirsute  ciliate  or  tomentose.  Ovary  sessile  or  very 
shortly  stipitate,  densely  villous  or  rarely  g"hibrous  except  a  tuft  of  hairs 
at  the  base  on  the  upper  side.  Stigmatic  disk  laterah  Leaves  entire 
with  revolute  marg-ins. 

This  secfion  differs  from  the  Hehegynce  series  of  Eugrevillea  chieflj'  in  the  inflo- 
rescence,  in  the  perianth  raore  or  less  bearded  or  hirsute  inside  as  weli  as  the  st}  le,  and 
in  the  leaves  which  appear  never  to  break  out  into  teeth  or  lobes  as  they  do  constantly 
or  occasionally  in  all  the  species  of  that  series.  The  section  is  usually  distinguished 
by  the  ribbed  Cruit,  but  the  ribs  are  often  very  obscure,  and  quite  disappear  in  several 
species  othervvise  inseparable  from  tlie  group. 

34.  G.  floribunda,  i?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  19.  An  erect  or  spreading- 
shrub  "  not  exceeding-  5  ft."  the  branches  ferruginous-tomentose. 
Leaves  nearly  sessile,  oval  or  oblong-,  obtuse  or  with  a  small  callous 
point,  the  margins  recurved  or  revolute,  f  to  nearly  2  in.  long-,  villous 
wlien  young-,  minutely  scabrous  above  and  silky-tomentose  underneath 
when  ftill-g-rown,  sometimes  faintly  penniveined.  Racemes  terminal, 
sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate  and  often  1  in.  long-,  the  rhachis  andflowers 
very  densely  villous  with  ferruginous  hairs.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-. 
Perianth  bearded  inside  about  the  middle,  the  tube  from  about  3  lines  to 
above  4  lines  long-,  broad  and  gibbous  at  the  base,  attenuate  and  mucli 
revolute  above  the  middle,  the  limb  g-lobuhir  and  obtuse.  Torus  nearly 
straig-ht.  Gland  horizontal,  broad,  not  very  prominent.  Ovary  sessile, 
densely  villous  ;  style  not  very  long-,  villous,  thick  ;  stig-matic  "^disk  la- 
terah  Fruit  about  ^  in.  long-,  slightly  ribbed. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  361  ;  G.  sphucelata,  A.  Cunn.  Herb.  ;  G.  autnmnalis,  Lhotzk.  MSS. 
(Meissner) ;  G.  chrysopka>a,  F.  Muell  First  Gen.  Rep.  1?  ;  Meissn.  in 
Linna?a,  xxvi.  3o?,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  361  ;  G.  ferruginea,  Grah.  in 
Maund,  Lotanist,  t.  153,  not  of  Sieber. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Goulburn  and  Hunter  rivers,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser ;  ravines 
iiear  Mount  Owen  aud  Mount  Ciift,  MilcheU. 

Victoria.  Avon,  Macalister  aiid  Latrobe  rivers,  Stieglltz ;  Station  Peak,  F. 
Mueller;  Geelong,  Dallachy. 

35.  G.  cinerea,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  linn.  Soc.  x.  173,  Prod.  378. 
A   tall   shrub^    the   branches   tomentose-villous.     Leaves    obovate   or 


Grevilkn.]  civ.   piiotf.ack.t:.  441 

broadly  oblong-  in  die  typicul  fomi,  mucronate-acute,  tlie  marg-ins 
recurved,  contracted  into  a  very  sbort  petiole,  |  to  above  1  in.  long', 
scabrous-punctate  and  more  or  lcss  distinctly  veined  above,  densely 
silky-tomentose  and  boary  or  ferrug'inous  underneatb.  Racemes  ter- 
minating-  sbort  leafy  brancbes,  uml)el-like  witb  few  ratber  large 
flowers.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long.  Periantb  densely  villous  outside, 
tbe  sborter  seg-ments  scantily  bearded  inside  below  tbe  middle,  tlie 
tube  nearly  6  lines  long-,  not  very  broad,  contracted  and  revolute  under 
tbe  oblique  obtuse  limb.  Torus  nearly  straig"bt.  Gland  semi-annular. 
Ovary  sessile,  villous ;  style  long-,  more  or  less  ciliate,  cbannelled  at 
tbe  base ;  stig-matic  disk  lateral. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  858, 
})artly. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Port  Jackson,  li.  Brown ;  on  the  road  to  Illawarra,  ^l.  Cunnintj- 
liam  ;  Blue  Mountaius,  Fraser. 

Var.  aiigustifoUa.  Leaves  mostly  narrow-oblong. —  G.  attenuata,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. 
— Towards  Hunter's  river,  A.  Cunningham. 

As  observed  by  Jleissner  this  specius  is  near  to  G.  rmicromdota,  but  appears  to  nie 
to  be  constanily  distinct  in  the  densely  villous  perianth.  The  speciraens  tlierefore 
specially  described  by  Meissuer  under  the  name  of  G.  cinerea  would  belong  to  the 
true  G.  mucronulata.  Meissner  was  enabled  to  take  only  a  very  cursory  glance  over 
E.  Brown's  own  set  o( Proteacece,  and  not  suflicient  to  verify  with  precision  any  critical 
species. 

Lysanthe  sfylosa,  Knight,  Prot.  117  {Grevillea  stylosa,  Steud.  Nom.  Bot.  ed.  2),  i.s 
probably  either  this  species  or  0.  monttna. 

36.  G.  alpina,  Zitidl.  in  Mitch.  Three  E.T])ed.  ii.  179.  A  rnucb- 
brancbed  sbrub,  erect  spreading*  or  diffuse,  densely  tomentose  or  villous 
witb  spreading*  bairs.  Leaves  ratber  crowded,  sessile  or  nearly  so, 
oval,  obiong--lanceolate  or  almost  linear,  obtuse  or  witb  a  small  point, 
tbe  marg-ins  revolute,  all  under  \  in.  long"  in  some  specimens,  but 
sometimes  attaining-  1  in.,  birsute  or  rarely  scabrous  only  above,  silky- 
villous  underneatb.  Racemes  very  sbort,  terminal,  sessile.  Pedicels 
2  to  4  lines  long-,  pubescent  or  villous  as  well  as  tbe  rbacbis.  Peri- 
antb  villous  outside,  bearded  inside  to  below  tbe  middle,  tbe  tube  from 
under  4  lines  to  above  5  lines  long-,  broad  and  obliquely  g-ibbous  at  tbe 
base  on  tbe  upper  side,  attenuate  and  mucb  revolute  above  tbe  middle, 
tbe  limb  ovoid-g-lobular,  obtuse  or  very  sbortly  acuminate.  Torus 
nearly  straigbt.  Gland  very  prominent  projecting*  almost  borizontally 
into  tbe  g-ibbosity  of  tbe  periantb.  Ovary  sessile,  densely  villous ; 
style  densely  villous  ;  stig-matic  disk  lateral,  slig-btly  umbonate.  Fruit 
about  \  in.  long-. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  300  ;  G.  oreophila  and 
G.  Dallachiana,  F.  Muell.  First  Gen.  Rep.  17;  G.  alpestris,  Meissn.  l.c. 
361 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  5007. 

Victoria.  Mount  William  in  the  Grampians,  Mitchell ;  Mount  Disappointment, 
Buffalo  raiiges,  Upper  Yarra  and  Ovens  ranges,  F.  Mudler. 

Tlie  variations  in  the  foliage  and  indumentum  do  nut  sufficiently  correspond  with 
those  in  the  size  of  the  perianth  or  in  the  obtuseness  of  its  limb  to  admit  of  the  esta- 
blishing  two  distinct  forms  as  proposed. 

37.  G.  montana,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  172,  Prod.  378.  A 
spreatUng    sbrub,    tlie   brancbes    densely   tomentose   or   villous    witb 


442  civ.   PROTEACE.E.  [GrevUlea. 

spreading-  hairs.  Leaves  sliortly  petiolate,  oblong-  or  lanceolato,  obtuse 
with  a  small  callous  point,  the  maroins  recurved,  contracted  at  the 
base,  f  to  li-  in.  long",  g-labrous  scabrous  or  slightlv  hairy  above  and 
often  veined,  densely  silky-tomentose  and  usually  ferrug-inous  under- 
neath.  liacemes  terminal,  sessile,  short  and  umbel-like,  few-llowered. 
Perianth  as  larg-e  as  in  G.  cincrea  but  nearly  g-hibrous  outside,  the  tube 
not  very  broad,  fully  |  in.  long-,  revolute  and  attenuate  under  the  ovoid 
acuminate  limb.  Torus  nearly  straight.  Gland  semi-annular,  slightly 
prominent.  Ovary  sessile,  densely  villous  ;  style  long-,  more  or  less 
tomentose  and  hirsute  with  short  hairs. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
358  ;  G.fcrntginea,  Sieb.  in  Roem.  and  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Mant.  280;  R. 
Br.  Prot.  Nov.  19 ;  Meissn.  l.c.  359. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Bliie  Mountains,  R.  Broion,  Sieher,  n.  27  ;  on  the  Bulga  road,  A. 
Ciinniiighatn ;  Bent's  Basin,  WooUs ;  Harper's  Hill,  Hunter'8  river,  Backhoiise  {v^i^h. 
shorter  points  to  tbe  periantli-lirab) ;  IHawarra,  Shepherd  (no  periantbs  to  tbe  speci- 
inens  and  tbe  determination  doubtful).  Tbe  degree  of  acnmination  of  tbe  periantb-limb 
is  variable  iu  tbis  as  in  G.  arenaria,  from  wbicb  tbis  species  difiers  cbiefly  iu  tbe  indu- 
njcntum  of  its  various  parts  and  in  its  larger  flowers. 

38.  G.  obtusiflora,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  19.  A  spreading-  shrub,  the 
branches  tomentose.  Leaves  oblong*  or  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  with  a 
small  often  recurved  point,  the  margins  revolute,  contracted  at  the 
base  and  sometimes  shortly  petiolate,  i  to  1  in.  long',  the  upper  surface 
at  first  pubescent  but  becoming-  g-labrous,  the  under  side  silky- 
tomentose.  Racemes  terminal,  short,  sessile,  the  rhachis  and  pedicels 
pubescent.  Perianth  sprinkled  with  appressed  hairs,  the  tube  not  very 
broad,  much  revolute  above  the  middle,  the  limb  very  obliquely  g-lobu- 
lar,  obtuse.  Torus  nearly  straig'ht.  Ghmd  semi-annuhir,  slig-htly  promi- 
nent.  Ovary  sessile,  densely  villous ;  style  hirsute,  not  very  long*. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  369. 

Queensland  ?     Wide  Bay,  Bidwill,  but  pnssibly  some  mistake  in  tbe  station. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Brusby  bills,  North  of  Batburst,  A.  Cunningham. — Tbe  sjiecies 
appears  to  be  very  close  to  P.  montana,  but  witb  a  very  obtuse  periantb  limb.  The 
specimens  seen  are  howevernot  good. 

39.  G.  arenaria,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  172,  Prod.  378. 
An  erect  slirub  of  about  6  ft.,  the  branches  densely  tomentose. 
Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  obovate-oblong'  to  narrow  oblong-,  obtuse  with 
a  very  small  point,  the  margins  recurved,  |  to  li  in.  long-,  minutely 
hoary-tomentose  and  scarcely  veined  on  tlie  upper  side,  densely  tomen- 
tose  and  often  ferruginous  underneath.  Racemes  terminal,  short, 
umbel-Hke  and  few-Howered,  mostly  reflexed.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines 
long;,  Perianth  densely  tomentose  or  pubescent  outside  in  the  typical 
form,  bearded  inside  to  below  the  middle,  the  tube  about  5  lines  long-, 
rather  broad  at  the  base,  much  revolute  from  the  middle  upwards,  con- 
tracted  under  the  ovoid  acuminate  Umb.  Torus  nearly  straig-ht. 
Gland  semi-annular,  slightly  prominent.  Ovary  sessile,  villous  ;  style 
long-,  tomentose  but  not  hirsute  as  in  several  of  the  allied  species ; 
stigmatic  (Usk  hateral.  Fruit  fully  \  in.  long-. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  358;   Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3285  ;  Lysanthe  cana,  Knight,  Prot.  11?. 


0/rril/ca.]  civ.    PHoTKAcr.^K.  448 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Xipean  liver,  I?.  Brown  ;  lu-ar  CKUilliuni,  Jhickltcvse ;  Shnal- 
haven  guUies,  C.  Moore;  Sidmouih  Valley  aml  Laehlan  river,   Woolls. 

Var.  cancscens.  Perianth  more  villous,  tlie  points  to  the  laniinaa  longer. —  0.  cinerea, 
A.  Cnnn.  in  Field,  N.  S.  Wales,  320,  not  ofR.  Br, ;  0.  canescens,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  18; 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  359;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3185.— North  of  Bathurst,  A.  Cunning- 
ham,  Fraser  ;  Macquarrie  river,  Bowman. 

The  species  differs  from  G.  monlana  ehiefly  in  habit  and  indumentum. 

40.  G.  mucronulata,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  173,  Prod. 
378.  A  l;irg-e  slinil)  with  rather  slender  hirsute  hranches.  Leaves 
shortly  petiolate,  ovate  in  the  typical  form  and  either  rounded  at  the 
end  with  a  fine  point  in  the  centre,  or  tapering-  into  a  fine  point,  flat 
or  with  recurved  marg-ins,  mostly  about  ^  in.  long-,  scahrous  and 
ohscurely  or  distinctly  veined  ahove,  silky-tomentose  and  sometimes 
ferruginous  underneath,  with  tlie  midrib  alone  prominent.  Racemes 
short,  loose,  few-flowered,  on  slender  terminal  or  axillary  peduncles 
often  long-er  than  the  leaves.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long',  silky- 
puhescent  or  hirsute  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  sprinkled  with 
appressed  hairs  outside,  the  shorter  seg-ments  shghtly  hearded  inside 
below  the  middle,  the  tube  about  5  lines  long",  rather  broad,  gibbous 
at  the  base,  revolute  above  the  middle  and  attenuate  under  the  very 
oblique  obtuse  Hmb.  Torus  nearly  straig'ht.  (iland  semi-annular. 
Ovary  sessile,  villous  ;  style  long-,  more  or  less  ciliate  ;  stig-matic  disk 
lateral,  larg-e. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  357 ;  Sweet  Fl.  Austrah  t. 
38;  Lysantlie  podalijriafolia,  Knight,  Prot.  117;  G.  podalijrifefoHa,  Sw. 
in  Steud.  Nom.  Bot.  ed.  2;  G.  cinerea,  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  857; 
Meissn.  l.c.  partly  not  of  R.  Br. ;  G.  myrtacea,  Sieb.  in  Roem.  and 
Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Mant.  280,  and  in  Spreng-.  Syst.  Cur.  Post.  46  ;  G. 
acuniinata,  Sw.  Fl.  Austral.  t.  55. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  B.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  39, 
and  others.  The  typical  form  in  Brown's  herbarium  and  from  Hunter's  river,  A.  Cun- 
ningliam,  and  represented  in  Sweet's  plate,  n.  38,  has  most  of  the  leaves  rounded  at  the 
ends  and  shortlj  mucronate,  with  only  a  few  of  the  leaves  acuminate  and  tapering  in  a 
fine  point :  in  Sieber's  and  other  specimens,  including  those  represented  in  Svveet's 
plate  55,  the  majority  are  thus  acuminate,  but  not  so  narrow  as  in  Brown's  typical 
G.  acuminata. 

Var.  angustifoJia.  Leaves  mostly  lanceolate-acuminate  with  a  fine  point, — G.  acuini- 
nata,  R.  Br.  iii  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  173,  Prod.  378;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod  xiv.  358, 
as  to  R.  Brown's  plant,  but  not  as  to  A.  Cunningham's,  which  is  a  var.  of  G.  cinerea. — 
Hunter's  river,  B.  Brown. 

The  six  preceding  species  appear  very  much  to  run  into  each  other. 

41.  G.  Baueri,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  173,  Prod.  378,  Prot. 
Nov.  19.  A  bushy  shrub  attaining-  several  ft.  the  branches  more  or  less 
pubescent.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  sessile,  oblong-,  narrow  or  broad, 
obtuse,  scarcely  contracted  at  the  base,  the  margins  recurved,  J  to  1 
in.  long',  g-labrous  and  1-nerved  on  both  sides  or  rarely  sprinkled  with 
a  few  short  hairs,  obscurely  reticuLite  above,  paler  and  sometimes 
penniveined  underneath.  Racemes  very  short  and  umbel-Hke,  sessile 
on  short  leafy  branches.  Pedicels  slender,  g-hibrous,  about  3  Hnes 
long-.     Perianth  g-reenish  yellow^  or  ting-ed  with  red,  glabrous  outside, 


444  fiv.   PROTr.ACE^.  \6'/rvi!lra. 

botirded  inside  at  or  below  tlie  middle  witli  reflexed  liairs,  the  tube 
about  4  lines  long:,  broad  in  the  lower  part,  much  revolute  and 
attenuate  under  the  very  oblique  limb.  Torus  slig-htly  oblique. 
Ghmd  broad,  thick,  semicircular.  Ovary  sessile ;  densely  hirsute ; 
stvle  long',  ciliate,  rather  thick,  channelled  on  the  upper  side  ;  stig-- 
matic  disk  lateral. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  357  ;  G.  pubc.tcens, 
Hook.  Exot.  Fl.  t.  216 ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1229 ;  G.  daphnoides,  Sieb. 
in  Roem.  and  Schult.  Svst.  iii.  Mant.  281  ;  G.  myrtillifolia,  A.  Cunn. 
Herb. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  tlie  Blue  Mountains.  R.  Brown,  Sirber,  n.  25, 
and  Fl.  Mixt.  n.  478;  iiear  Batluust,  j^Vaser;  Camden  and  Arj,'yle  Counties,  A.  Cun- 
iiingham. 

Yar.  puhescem.  Leaver  usually  narrow,  pubescent  above,  silky  underneath. — 
Slioalhaven,  Woolh.  These  specimens  are  niuch  more  densely  pubescent  than  the 
garden  oncs  on  whicli  G. ptilescens  was  founded,  which  are  sprinkled  ouly  with  a  few 
iiairs. 

42.  G.  lanigera,  A.  Cunn.  in  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  20.  Branches 
densely  tomentose  or  villous.  Leaves  crowded,  sessile  or  nearly  so, 
linear,  obtuse,  with  revolute  margins,  mostly  about  \  in.  long-,  rather 
thick,  pubescent  above,  silky-tomentose  underneath.  Racemes  ter- 
minal,  short  but  rather  loose,  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate,  quite 
glabrous.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  ghibrous  outside,  the 
shorter  segments  bearded  inside  about  the  middle,  the  tube  about  4 
lines  long-,  broad  and  somewhat  g-ibbous  at  the  base,  much  revolute 
and  attenuate  under  the  very  oblique  limb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Ovary 
almost  sessile,  densely  villous ;  style  long-,  ciliate ;  stig-matic  disk 
lateral.     Fruit  5  or  6  lines  long*. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  363. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.  Camden  and  Argyle  Counties,  Lachlan  and  Murrumbidgee  rivers, 
A.  CunningJtam  ;  Nangas,  M^ArtTiur  ;  Gabo  Lsland,  Majjlestone. 

Victoria.  Mitta-Mitta  and  Wilson's  Promontory,  F.  Mueller ;  near  Albury, 
Beattie. 

43.  G.  ericifolia,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  20.  A  low  shrub,  spreading 
or  diflPuse  (or  sometimcs  erect  and  taller  ?),  the  branches  pubescent  or 
tomentose-villous.  Leaves  sessile,  Hnear  or  lanceolate,  mucronate- 
acute,  with  revolute  marg-ins,  i  to  1  in.  long-,  silky-pubescent  or  villous 
Avhen  young-,  becoming-  g-labrous  above  when  iull-gTOwn.  Racemes 
terminal,  short  but  rather  loose  and  often  shortly  peduncuhite,  Cjuite 
glabrous.  Pedicels  slender,  2  or  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous  out- 
side,  densely  bearded  inside  below  the  middle,  the  tube  3  to  3J  lines 
long-,  broad  and  gibbous  at  the  base,  much  revolute  and  attenuate 
under  the  very  oblicpie  limb.  Torus  nearly  straig-ht.  Gland  broad, 
thick,  semicircular.  Ovar}^  sessile,  densely  villous  especially  on  the 
npper  side  ;  style  long-,  thick,  more  or  less  ciliate ;  stigmatic  disk 
hvteral. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  365  ;  G.  Lutrohci,  Meissn.  in.  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  539  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  364. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Laclilan  rwcr,  A.  Cunnlvgham,  illtchdl ;  Liniestone  Creek  west 
fri  m  Bathurst,  A.  Cunningham. 


Grevillea.]  civ.  PRoxEACEiE.  445 

Victoria.     Xear  Melbourno,  Adamson,  F.  Maeller ;    Plenty  Creek,  Gcnoa  river, 

F.  JJueUer.  >  J  , 

Var.  scahrella.  Leaves  more  scabrons.  Perianth  rather  larger.  —  G.  scahrella, 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Proil.  xiv.  365. — Near  Nangas,  M'Arthur. 

44.  G.  divaricata,  B.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  20.  A  bushy  slirub  more 
slender  anil  spreading-  than  G.  rosmnrlnifoUa  and  sometimes  low  and 
ditFuse,  the  branches  more  or  less  pubescent  or  hirsute.  Leaves  linear- 
subulate,  from  under  i  in.  to  above  f  in.  lony-,  g-labrous  and  smooth  or 
more  or  less  hirsute  or  scabrous.  Racemes  short  sessile  and  g-kxbrous, 
and  perianth  entirely  as  in  G.  ro.wiarinifolia,  and  the  ovary  as  in  that 
species  sessile  and  g-kibrous  as  well  as  tlie  style  except  a  small  tuft  of 
hairs  at  the  base  on  the  upper  side. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  364 ; 

G.  nutans,  Meissn.  l.c.  (with  rather  long-er  leaves). 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Lachlan  and  Cujeegong  rivers,  and  Euryalean  scrub  and  forest 
land  north  of  B;ithurst,  A.  Curmingham,  Mitchell. 

Victoria.  Forest  and  Darebin  Creeks,  F.  Mueller ;  Skipton,  Whan;  Wimmera, 
Dallacliy. 

G.  glahella,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  20 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  364,  is  a  slight  variety 
with  iiner,  more  crowded  and  more  erect  leaves,  but  several  specimeus  are  intermediate. 
The  species  is  very  near  both  to  G.  ericifolia  and  G.  rosmarinifoUa.  The  three  might 
indeed  be  regarded  as  varieties  of  a  single  one.  G.  lavanihdacea  sometimes  approaches 
them  in  habit,  but  has  a  dififerentlj  shaped  perianth  and  the  torus  always  obliqiie, 

45.  G.  rosmarinifolia,  ^l.  Cunn.  in  Field,  N.  S.  Wales,  328.  An 
erect  shrub  of  5  or  0  ft.,  the  branches  virg-ate,  closely  tomentose. 
Leaves  mostly  erect,  rather  crowded,  sessile,  linear-subuhite  or  the 
larg"er  ones  linear-lanceolate,  mucronate-acute,  the  marg-ins  much 
revolute,  |  to  1|  in.  long-,  scabrous-pubescent  or  giabrous  above,  the 
under  surface,  when  exposed,  silky-pubescent.  Racemes  short,  dense, 
sessile,  terminal  but  often  appearing-  lateral  from  the  shortness  of  the 
llowering-  branches,  the  rhachis  fpiite  g-labrous.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines 
long-.  Perianth  g-labrous  outside,  densely  bearded  inside  below  the 
middle,  the  tube  about  3|  lines  long-,  broad  and  g-ibbous  at  the  base, 
much  revolute  and  attenuate  under  the  very  oblique  hmb.  Torus 
nearh'  straig-ht.  Gland  broad,  thick,  semicircular.  Ovary  sessile,  g-ki- 
brous  as  well  as  tke  style  except  a  tuft  of  hairs  at  the  base  on  the  upper 
side ;  stig-matic  disk  laterak  Fruit  rather  narrow,  incurved,  6  or  7 
lines  long-,  not  distinctlv  ribbed. — R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  20 ;  Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  363 ;  Sweet,  Fk  Austrak  t.  30  ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  1. 1479 ; 
G.  riparia,  Sieb.  in  Roem.  and  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Mant.  278. 

N.  S.  'Wales,  Sieber,  n.  33 ;  Cox'8  river,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser ;  Sidraouth 
valiey,   Woolls. 

The  dilatation  of  the  torus  or  snmmit  of  the  pedicel  in  a  ring  outside  the  perianth, 
supposed  to  be  characteristic  of  tliis  species,  is  variable  in  degree  both  in  G.  rosmarini- 
folia  and  iu  G.  divaricata,  and  is  not  always  absolutely  wanting  in  G.  ericifolia. 

Sect.  3.  Plagiopoda. — Racemes  various,  erect  and  secund  in  the 
first  few  species,  short  and  few-tlowered  in  the  others.  Perianth-tube 
dilated  below  the  middle  and  usually  opening-  on  the  lower  side,  revo- 


446  Civ.   PROTEACE^.  [Oirrillea. 

lute  under  tlie  limb.  Torus  very  oblique,  the  g-land  side  the  shortest. 
Ovary  villous  except  in  a  few  of  the  axillarj-flowered  species.  Stig- 
matic  disk  very  oblique  or  lateral. 

The  oblique  torus,  wliicli  is  the  chief  chavacter  of  this  arul  the  following  section,  is 
pcrhaps  a  somewhat  artificial  oue,  but  is  usually  well  niarked.  The  first  five  of  the 
following  species  differ  from  the  hebegynous  Evgrevillece  chiefly  in  the  torus,  the  re- 
mainder  of  the  present  section  correspond  rather  with  Ftycliocarpa. 

46.  G.  Goodii,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  174,  Prod.  379.  Stems 
prostrate,  dilfuse  (or  sometimes  erect  ?),  the  younp"  branches  minutely 
tomentose.  Leaves  potiolate,  oval-elHptical  to  oblong--lanceolate,  ob- 
tuse,  rounded  or  cuneate  at  the  base,  3  to  8  in.  long-,  g-labrous  or  the 
under  surface  minutely  silky,  of  a  pale  colour,  penniveined  with  nu- 
merous  primary  veins  uniting'  in  an  intramarginal  nerve  and  minor 
reticulations  conspicuous  on  both  sides.  Racemes  terminal,  solitary  or 
2  or  3  together,  pedunculate,  secund,  the  rhachis  1|  to  2  in.  long-. 
Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long-,  minutely  tomentose  as  well  as  the  rhachis. 
Perianth  6  to  8  lines  long-,  nearly  g-labrous  outside,  bearded  inside  with 
reflexed  hairs,  the  tube  obliquely  dilated  at  the  base,  attenuate  above 
the  middle  and  revolute  under  the  obliquely  g'lobular  depressed  limb. 
Torus  very  oblique,  linear,  about  3  lines  long-.  Gland  horseshoe- 
shaped,  slightly  prominent.  Ovary  villous  with  long-  hairs,  stipitate  on 
the  upper  margin  of  the  torus ;  style  very  long-,  more  or  less  ciliate  ; 
stig-matic  disk  broad,  lateral. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  351 ;  Guillem. 
Ic.  Pl.  Austral.  t.  16. 

N.  Australia.  North  Coast,  R.  Brown ;  Port  Essington,  Armstrong ;  Point 
Pearce  and  Newcastle  Range,  F.  Mueller. 

Queensland.     Sandstone  country,  head  of  Cape  and  Flinders  rivers,  Bowman. 

The  foliage  bears  some  resemblance  to  that  of  G.  laurifolia,  but  theflowers  are  totally 
difierent. 

47.  G.  venusta,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  175,  Prod.  379.  A 
tall  shrub  or  small  tree,  the  young-  branches  and  inflorescence  ferru- 
ginous-tomentose.  Leaves  simple  or  deeply  pinnatifld,  with  3  to  7  long- 
narrow-lanceolate  lobes,  the  whole  leaf  4  to  8  in.  long-,  glabrous  and 
penniveined  witli  numerous  oblique  parallel  veins  as  in  G.  rcfracta.^  but 
not  so  close  and  often  confluent  in  an  intramarg-inal  nerve,  minutely 
silky-tomentose  underneath  with  ferruginous  veins.  Racemes  terminal, 
ratlier  loose  but  short  like  those  of  G.  Wilsoni.  Perianth  sprinkled 
with  appressed  hairs,  the  tube  about  5  lines  long-,  very  obliquely  dilated 
at  the  base,  attenuate  and  revolute  above  the  middle.  Torus  very 
oblique,  narrow,  2  lines  long-.  Gland  horseshoe-shaped.  Ovary  densely 
villors,  stipitate  on  the  upper  margin  of  the  torus ;  style  long-,  nearly 
glabrous ;  stigmatic  disk  lateral. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  351 ; 
Guillem.  Ic.  Pl.  Austral.  t.  11. 

Queensland.  Shoalwater  Bay,  R.  Brown.  I  have  not  seen  this  species  anywhere 
except  in  It.  I>rown's  Ilerbarium. 

48.  G.  longistyla,  Hoolt.  in.  Mitch.  Trop.  Anstr.  343.  An  erect 
shrub  of  7  or  8  ft.,  the  young-  branches  minutely  tomentose.     Leaves 


Grevillea.]  civ.   PRoxEACEiE.  447 

linear,  G  to  10  in.  long-,  froni  very  narrow  to  above  2  lines  broad,  entire 
or  deejily  divided  into  3  to  6  seg-ments,  g-labrous  above,  the  marg-ins 
recurved,  silky-pubescent  and  silvery  or  fulvous  underneath,  with  a 
prominent  midrib.  Racemcs  erect,  shortly  peduncuhxte,  terminal  or 
in  the  upper  axils,  rather  loose,  secund,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  2  to 
4  in.  loug-,  tomentose-pubescent  and  apparently  viscid  as  well  as  the 
rhachis.  Torus  very  obUrpie.  Ghmd  larg-e,  disk-sliaped  or  almost 
horseshoe-shaped.  Ovary  densely  but  shortly  villous,  on  a  short 
stipes  at  the  upper  end  of  tlie  torus ;  style  very  long-,  g-hd)rous, 
thickened  under  the  broad  lateral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  hard,  semi- 
g'lobuhir,  about  |  in.  long-.  Seed  scarcely  wing-ed. — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  351 ;    G.  ncfjlecta,  R.  Br.  App.  Sturt  Exped.  24 ;  Meissn.  Lc. 

Queensland.  Sandstone  ranges  near  Moiint  Phito  and  the  Pyramiils,  Mitchdl ; 
Buniett  ranges,  F.  Mudler ;  Boyd's  river,  Leichhardt ;  FHndors  river,  Sutherland. 

The  pinnate-leaved  specimens  on  which  G.  negleda  was  founded,  cannot  be  distin- 
guished  as  a  variety  from  the  simple-leaved  ones,  as  both  forms  occur  frequently  on  the 
same  branch. 

49.  G.  juncifolia,  Hook.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  341.  A  tall  erect 
shrub,  the  branches  softly  tomentose.  Leaves  very  narrow-Hnear,  6  to 
10  in.  long-,  entire  or  here  and  there  divided  into  two  or  three  similar 
segments,  rig-id  and  rather  thick,  doubly  g-rooved  underneath  and  some- 
tinies  obscurely  so  above,  g-hibrous  or  minutely  pubescent.  Racemes 
rather  loose,  secimd,  3  to  0  in.  long-,  usually  several  tog-ether  in  a  ter- 
minal  leafy  panicle.  Pedicels  about  ^  in.  long',  viscid-pidjescent  as 
■well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  yellow,  slig-htly  pubescent  and  appa- 
rently  viscid  outside,  g-labrous  inside,  the  tube  broad  at  the  base,  4  or  5 
lines  long',  much  attenuate  and  revolute  under  the  obliquely  g-lobular 
limb,  the  lobes  with  a  horn-like  dorsal  appendag-e.  Torus  oblique. 
Gland  broad,  semicircular.  Ovary  villous,  almost  sessile  on  the  upper 
margin  of  the  torus ;  style  very  long-,  slig-htl}'  thickened  upwards ; 
stigmatic  disk  lateral,  convex  or  umbonate.  Fruit  very  oblique,  almost 
transverse,  nearly  1  in.  long-.  Seed  broadly  wing-ed  all  round. — Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  351 ;  G.  Sturtii,  R.  Br.  App.  Sturt  Exped.  23 ; 
Meissn.  1.  c.  383,  from  the  character  g-iven. 

Queensland.     Near  Mount  Pluto,  Mifchell. 

S.  Australia.  Near  Central  Mount  Stuart,  3I'Douall  Stiiart ;  scrub  near  Forster^s 
range,  Herb.  F.  Mueller  (collector  not  named). 

This  and  the  preceding  species  approach  in  habit  G.  chrysodendron  and  G.  Banlisii, 
but  are  at  once  distinguished  bj  the  oblique  torus. 

50.  G.  Wilsoni,  A.  Cunn.  in  Wils.  Voy.  273.  An  erect  slirub  of  3 
to  5  ft.,  g-labrous  and  somewhat  g-Iaucous.  Leaves  twice  or  three  times 
or  rarely  only  once  ternately  divided  into  narrow-linear  or  subulate 
rigid  divaricate  pung-ent-pointed  segments  |^  to  1  in.  long-,  doubly 
grooved  underneath,  the  common  petiole  usually  very  short.  Racemes 
loose,  erect,  often  Ijranched,  the  rhachis  |  to  1  in.,  the  pedicels  about 
I  in.  long',  all  g-Iabrous.  Perianth  g-Iabrous  outside,  very  shortly 
bearded  inside  below  the  middle,  the  tid>e  about  6  or  7  lines  long-, 


44:8  civ.  piioTEACE.E.  [GrevUlea. 

sli"htly  diluted  and  «^ibbous  at  the  base,  attenuate  and  revolute  under 
the  oblique  depressed-globular  limb.  Torus  very  oblique.  Gland 
large  and  horseshoe-shaped  but  scarcely  prominent.  Ovary  very 
villous,  on  a  short  stipes  at  the  upper  end  of  the  torus ;  style  very 
long-,  glabrous  or  villous  in  the  lower  portion,  scarcely  thickened  under 
the  lateral  stigmatic  disk. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  373 ;  G.  Lindley- 
ana,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  542. 

\ir.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Wilson,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  631,  Preiss,  n.  692, 
Harvty  ;  Canning  river,  Oldfield. 

51.  G.  lavandulacea,  Schlecht.  Linnmt,  xx.  586.  A  low  shrub, 
the  branches  more  or  less  tomentose  or  silky-pubescent.  Leaves 
sessile,  entire,  oblong-linear  or  lanceolate,  mucronate-acute,  the  mar- 
g-ins  recurved  or  closely  revolute,  pubescent  or  scabrous  above,  silk}'- 
tomentose  underneath  with  the  midrib  scarcely  prominent,  ^  to  near 
1  in.  long".  Eacemes  terminal,  sessile,  very  short  and  almost  umbel- 
like.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-,  tomentose  as  well  as  the  rhachis. 
Perianth  red,  more  or  less  silky-pubescent  outside,  at  least  on  the  limb, 
the  shorter  segments  bearded  inside  about  the  middle  witli  reflexed 
hairs,  the  tube  fiilly  4  lines  long-,  rather  broad,  g-ibbous  at  the  base, 
revolute  and  attenuate  under  the  very  oblique  limb.  Torus  very 
oblique.  Gland  broad,  thick,  semicircular.  Ovary  villous-tomentose, 
shortly  stipitate  on  the  upper  marg-in  of  the  torus ;  style  long-,  giabrous 
or  hirsute  in  the  lower  portion,  thickened  under  the  very  oblique  stig'- 
matic  disk. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  302 ;  Lem.  Illustr.  Hortic.  t. 
61 ;  G.  rosea,  Lindl.  in  Paxt.  Fl.  Gard.  ii.  91,  t.  56 ;  Meissn.  l.c. ;  G. 
ranmlosa,  F.  Muell. ;  Meissn.  l.c.  362  (with  very  narrow  leaves). 

Victoria.  N.W.  distiicts  of  the  Colony,  F.  3Iueller,  Dallachij ;  Glenelg  river, 
Eohtrtson,  F.  3Iuelkr. 

S.  Austr alia,  i?eAr;  St.  YincenVs  Gu\(,  DlandowsH ;  'EnconnteT  Ba,y,Whittaker; 
Lofty  ranges,  Lake  Torrens,  F.  Jlueller. 

Var.  sericea.  Leaves  very  narrow,  ciosely  revolute,  silky-hairy  on  both  sides. — 
Mount  Barker,  F.  Mueller;  Wimmera,  Dallachy. 

The  species  is  sometimes  confounded  with  G.  ericifolia,  from  -which  it  may  be  at 
once  distinguished  by  the  oblique  torus  and  pubescent  perianth.  The  honey  exuded 
from  the  hypogynous  gland  is  in  this  species  and  a  few  others  copiously  secruted  also 
from  a  foveola  at  the  base  of  the  ovary. 

52.  G.  insignis,  Kipp. ;  Mcis.vi.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  3r9.  A  rig-id 
shrub,  giabrous  and  giaucous  in  all  its  parts  excepr  the  ovary.  Leaves 
petiolate,  broadly  ovate,  undulate  sinuate  and  prickly-toothed,  truncate 
or  scarcely  cuneate  at  the  base,  \\  to  2|  in.  long-,  rigidly  coriaceous 
and  veined  on  both  sides.  Racemes  short  and  loose,  solitary  in  the 
upper  axils  but  often  crowded  into  a  short  terminal  panicle  -with  a  few 
small  floral  leaves,  the  rhachis  of  each  raceme  rarely  above  |  in.  long", 
the  pedicels  3  to  4  lines.  Perianth  giabrous  outside,  very  shortly 
bearded  inside,  the  tube  4  or  5  lines  long-,  broad  below  the  middle, 
slightly  contracted  and  revolute  under  the  very  oblique  limb.  Torus 
oblique  and  concave  lined  by  the  scarcely  prominent  giand.  Ovary 
villous  on  a  short  stipes  at  the  upper  margin  of  the  torus.     Stvle  not 


Grevillea.]  civ.  proteace^.  449 

very  long-,  slig-litly  villoiis,  clavnte  at  the  end  witli  an  obovate  lateral 
disk  or  scarcely  proniineut  llat  or  concave  face,  round  tlie  small  lateral 
stig"ma. 

Vi^.  Australia,  Drummond,  5th  coll.  suppl.  n.  12. 

53.  G.  Brownii,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  537,  and  in  BC.  Prod.  xiv. 
370.  A  prostrate  ditfuse  or  spreading-  slirub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  the  brancbes 
slig"htly  pubescent.  Leaves  sessile,  ovate  or  lanceolate,  |  to  |  in,  long', 
passing-  into  narrower  leaves  twice  as  long-,  mostly  with  a  small  callous 
point,  the  marg-ins  recurved,  g-labrous  and  smooth  or  scabrous-punctate 
above,  silky-tomentose  or  white  underneatli.  Racemes  umbel-like, 
few-liowered  sessile  and  terminal.  Perianth  pidjescent  outside,  bearded 
inside  with  a  transverse  line  of  rellexed  hairs,  the  tube  broad  and 
almost  saccate  at  the  base,  about  3  lines  long"  below  the  curve,  slig-htly 
contracted  and  revolute  under  the  limb.  Torus  very  oblique.  Gland 
very  prominent,  almost  liorizontal.  Ovary  sliortly  stipitate  on  the 
npper  marg-in  of  the  torus,  densely  villous ;  style  villous,  not  very 
long-,  with  a  thick  oblicpie  or  lateral  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  5  or  6  lines 
long-. 

TV.  Australia.  King  George's  Sonnd  or  adjoiuing  districts,  Preiss,  n.  719, 
Drummon'1,  n.  22 ;  Kalgan  river,  Oldfield  (witb  narrow  leaves)  ;  Moimt  Barker, 
Upper  Hay  river  and  Perongeriip,  F.  Jlueller ;  Perungerup  and  Phillips  ranges, 
Maxwell. 

G.  dt-pauperata,  11.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  21  ;  Meissn.  iu  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  370,  from  King 
George's  Sound,  Baxter,  appears  to  nie  to  be  a  variety  or  state  of  tbis  species  with  the 
raceraes  reduced  to  1  or  2  flowers,  and  G.  Brownii  itself  (of  which  I  bave  not  seen 
Preiss's  typical  specimeu)  may  be  a  variety  ouly  of  tbe  common  G.fasciculata. 

54.  G.  fascicTilata,  i?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  20.  A  shrub,  low  and  prostrate 
in  the  typieal  furm  but  sometimes  erect  bushy  and  attaining'  3  or  4  ffc., 
the  young-  slioots  slig-htly  pubescent  with  appressed  liairs.  Leaves 
sessile  or  very  shortly  petiolate,  linear-lanceolate  or  the  lower  ones 
oblong--elliptical,  obtuse  or  with  a  callous  point,  the  margins  revolute, 
^  to  1  in.  long-  or  rather  more  when  narrow,  scabrous-punctate  above, 
the  under  surface  silky-tomentose  but  usually  concealed.  Racemes 
umbel-like,  few-ilowered,  sessile,  axillary  or  terminal.  Pedicels  1  to  2 
lines  long-.  Perianth  red,  clothed  or  sprinkled  with  appressed  hairs 
outside,  bearded  inside  witli  a  transverse  line  of  reflexed  liairs,  the  tube 
broad,  3  to  4  lines  long-,  saccate  at  the  base,  contracted  and  revolute 
under  the  gdobular  limb.  Torus  very  oblique.  Gland  broad,  truncate. 
Ovary  villous,  shortly  stipitate  on  the  upper  marg-in  of  the  torus  ;  style 
not  very  long*,  villous  with  short  appressed  hairs ;  stigmatic  disk  very 
oblique  or  lateral,  broad  and  thick,  often  concave.  Fruit  about  5  lines 
long". — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  3G9 ;  G.  Meissneriana,  F.  Muell.  in 
Linna?a  xxvi.  357,  Meissn,  l.c.  3G0;  G.  aspera  vav.  linearis,  Meissn.  in 
Pl.  Preiss.  i.  537. 

W.  Australia.  KingGeorge's  Sonud  and  adjoiuingdistricts,  ^aricr,  2)rM?7!mo«c^, 
Preiss,  n.  712  and  718,  Harvcy,  aiid  others ;  eastward  to  E.  JMouut  Barren,  Maxwell. 

Tbe  species  varies  mucb  in  the  size  of  the  flowers,  tbe  breadth  of  the  leaves  and  evcQ 
VOL.  V.  G  G 


450  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [Grevillea. 

in  the  degree  of  obliquity  of  the  torus,  hut  I  have  heen  unahle  among  the  numerous 
Bpccimens  seen  to  mark  out  any  distinct  narrow-leaved  small-flowcred  varicty  as  repre- 
sciited  by  Prciss's,  n.  712  {G.  Meissneriana). 

55.  G.  aspera,  i?.  Br.  iu  Trans.  Lxnn.  Soc.  x.  172.  Prod.  377.  A 
slirub  of  5  or  0  ft.,  "  with  penclulous  Ijrnnclies,"  densely  tomentose. 
Leaves  sessile  or  very  sliortly  petiolate,  linear  or  lanceolate,  obtuse  or 
acute  but  always  miicronate,  with  revolute  marg-ins,  1  to  2  in.  long-, 
scabrous-pubescent  and  very  obliquely  penniveined  above,  silky- 
tomentose  underneath  with  the  midrib  alone  prominent.  Racemes 
h)ose  but  short,  shortly  pedunculate,  solitary  or  2  or  3  tog-ether  at  the 
ends  of  the  branches  and  usually  rellexed.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-, 
tomentose-pubescent  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perinnth  silky  or  villous 
outside,  bearded  inside  above  the  middle,  the  tube  about  3  lines  long-, 
rather  broad  and  very  oblique  at  the  base,  sliortly  contracted  and  in- 
curved  under  the  very  oblique  depressed-globuhir  Hmb.  Torus  very 
obHque.  Gland  horseshoe-shaped.  Ovary  g'hibrous,  stipitate  at  the 
upper  marg'in  of  the  torus  ;  style  short,  thick,  dilated  under  the  larg-e 
concave  lateral  stig-matic  disk. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  360. 

S.  Australia.     Port  Lincoln,  B.  Broion,  Trevor ;  Gawler  Ranges,  SiilUvan. 

W.  Australia  ?  Somc  of  J5axter's  and  othcr  specimcns  from  thc  coast  to  the  East 
of  King  Georgc's  Sound,  may  belong  to  this  spccies  but  are  not  in  flowcr. 

Notwithstanding  the  ghibrous  ovary  this  species  appears  too  nearly  aliied  to  the  two 
preccding  and  to  some  of  the  following  oncs  to  be  removcd  from  the  section, 

56.  G.  brachystylis,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  538,  ii.  252,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  350.  A  hjosely  branched  shrub  of  1  or  2  ft.,  the  young- 
shoots  silky  or  ferruginous  with  short  hairs.  Leaves  linear  or  lanceo- 
late,  shortly  contracted  at  the  base,  the  margins  recurved  or  revolute, 
2  to  4  in,  long-,  g-labrous  above  with  a  prominent  midrib,  ferruginous- 
tomentose  or  silky  underneath.  Racemes  umbel-hke,  few-llowered, 
sessile,  terminal  or  axillary.  Pedicels  1  to  2  hnes  long-.  Perianth 
ferrug-inous-villous  outside,  bearded  inside  with  erect  (not  retlexed 
hairs)  the  tube  very  obHque  and  adnate  at  the  base,  erect  for  about  2 
lines  then  revolute,  the  limb  of  tlie  lower  (long-er)  segments  very 
broad  ahuost  constricted  into  2  concave  lobes  ihe  inner  one  containing* 
the  anther,  the  outer  larg-er  one  empty,  the  Hnib  of  tlie  smaller  upper 
segments  normal.  Torus  very  obHque,  Ghmd  disk-Hke  but  snian, 
Ovary  densely  villous,  shortly  stipitate  on  the  upper  margin  of  the 
torus ;  style  rather  short,  viHous  ;  stig-matic  disk  broad,  produced  into 
a  broadly  oblong"  appendag-e  pubescent  on  the  back,  the  stigina  in  the 
centre  of  the  broader  lower  part,     Fruit  about  -^-  in.  long*. 

■W.  Australia,  Driimmond,  2nd  coll.  n.  322  ;  Sussex  distriet,  Preiss,  n.  717. 

57.  G.  saccata,  Bcnth.  Apparently  procumbent  or  very  spreading;", 
the  branches  and  young-  leaves  softly  viUous,  ahnost  wooHy,  the  okler 
foHag'e  rarely  ghibrous.  Leaves  sessile,  Hnear  or  lanceolate,  with  a 
canous  point,  the  margins  revolute,  |  to  1|  or  sometimes  2  in.  long-, 
smooth    or    sparing-ly   scabrous-punctate    when   the   hairs   wear   otf. 


ClirciUca.]  CIV.    PROTEACEiE,  451 

Racemes  umbel-like,  few-flowered,  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils. 
Pedicels  '2  or  3  lines  long-.  Periantli  more  or  less  pubescent  outside, 
tlie  tube  very  oblique,  nearly  4  lines  long-  and  about  as  broad,  the 
upper  side  dihited  saccate  and  separated  from  the  remainder  by  two  long-i- 
tudinal  densely  hairy  ribs  inside,  the  whole  tube  contracted  and  revo- 
hite  at  the  top  with  a  ring-  of  reflexed  hairs  inside,  the  lower  larg-er 
himinte  of  the  Hmb  dihited  on  the  outer  side  but  not  constricted  as  in 
G.  hrachystijlis.  Torus  very  obhque.  Ghmd  broad,  disk-like  but 
scarcely  prominent.  Ovary  villous,  nearly  sessile  near  the  upper 
marg-in  of  the  torus  ;  style  pubescent ;  stig-matic  disk  lateraL 

W.  Australia,  Drummond.  The  liabit  is  nearly  that  of  G.  Drummondii,  but 
the  perianth  is  verj  diflereiit. 

68.  G.  Drummondii,  Ifeissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  536,  ii.  252,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  350.  Stems  apparently  difliise  or  procumbent,  the  branches 
tomentose  and  hirsute  with  long-  fine  spreading-  hairs.  Leaves  sessile, 
rather  crowded,  oblong-  lanceolate  or  hnear,  obtuse  or  mucronate,  the 
marg-ins  recurved,  |  to  1  or  rarely  l^  in.  long-,  sprinkled  and  cihate 
with  long-  fine  hairs  when  young-,  scabrous-punctate  above  when  the 
hairs  wear  ofi"  or  nearly  smooth,  pale  and  g-hdjrous  or  sometimes  silky- 
tomentose  underneath.  Racemes  umbel-hke,  sessile,  terminal  or  on  very 
short  axillary  tufts,  the  flowers  smaller  than  in  the  alHed  species. 
Pedicels  rarely  above  1  Hne  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous  or  hirsute  with 
fine  hairs,  bearded  inside  near  the  top  with  retiexed  hairs,  the  tube 
rather  above  2  Hnes  long-,  not  saccate,  contracted  and  recurved  under 
the  obHque  Hmb.  Torus  obHque.  Ovary  viHous,  on  a  rather  long-  stipes 
on  the  upper  marg-in  of  the  torus ;  style  short,  with  a  larg-e  lateral 
stigmatic  disk. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  327,  Ath  coll.  n.  335 ;  near  Mandurah, 
ClarJce. 

59.  G.  disjuncta,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  206.  An  erect  shrub  of 
about  2  ft.  the  young-  branches  hoary  or  siHvy  with  appressed  hairs,  the 
foHage  glabrous.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  erect,  Hnear-terete,  scarcely 
mucronate,  with  several  prominent  iongitudinal  ribs  or  ang-les  and 
singly  gTooved,  J  to  f  in.  long'.  Pedicels  axiUary,  soHtary  or  in  pairs, 
nearly  g-labrous,  2  to  3  Hnes  long-.  Perianth  pubescent  outside  witli  ap- 
pressed  hairs,  densely  bearded  inside  witli  retiexed  hairs,  the  tube  3  to 
4  Hnes  long-,  broad  and  sHghtly  gibbous  on  the  upper  side  at  the  base, 
the  gibbosity  glabrous  inside,  contracted  and  revoHite  under  the  obHquely 
globular  Hmb.  Torus  obHque.  Gland  broad,  semiannular,  scarcely  pro- 
minent.  Ovary  densely  viHous,  nearly  sessile  on  tlie  upper  marg-in  of 
the  torus.     Style  very  long-,  nearly  giabrous  ;  stig-matic  disk  lateraL 

W.  Australia.  Salt  river  and  rocky  ranges  east  of  Stirling  river,  3IaxweU.  An 
imperfect  specimen  from  Drmnmond  in  Herb.  F.  Mueller  may  also  belong  to  this 
species. 

60.  G.  haplantha,  F.  Mnell.  Herh.  Branches  tomentose,  the  foh- 
age  minutely  pubescent  or  at  length  giabrous.     Leaves  sessile,  narrow- 

gg2 


452  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [Crrevillca. 

linear,  tliick  and  rig-id,  mucronate,  f  to  l^-  in.  long-,  smootli  and  nerve- 
less  on  tlie  convex  \ipper  side,  broadl}'  channelled  underneatli.  Pedicels 
axillary  or  lateral,  in  small  sessile  clusters  sometimes  reduced  to  a 
single  one,  1  to  3  lines  long-,  woolly-pubescent.  Perianth  pubescent 
outside,  bearded  inside  to  below  tlie  middle  with  reiiexed  hairs,  the 
tube  about  4  lines  long-,  rather  broad  and  slig-htly  g-ibbous  at  the  base, 
attenuate  and  revohite  under  the  g-lobular  hmb.  Torus  very  o])hque. 
Gland  broad,  semiannular  or  ahnost  disk-shaped,  shg-htly  prominent. 
Ovary  densely  villous,  nearly  sessile  on  the  upper  margin  of  the  torus ; 
style  long-,  pubescent  or  villous  ;  stig-matic  disk  orbicular,  lateraL 

W.  Australia,  Drumrnond  (a  single  specimen  in  Herb.  F.  Mueller) ;  East  Mouut 
Earren,  Hlaxicell. 

61.  G.  pinifolia,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Procl.  xiv.  350.  Erect  and  shruljby, 
the  young-  shoots  silky-tomentose.  Leaves  Hnear-terete,  g-rooved  under- 
neath,  slender  but  rigid,  erect  and  rather  crowded,  minutely  pointed, 
g-labrous  and  smooth  when  full-gTOwn,  1  to  nearly  2  in.  long-.  Racemes 
umbel-hke,  few-Howered.  axillary  and  sessile.  Pedicels  scarcely  1  line 
long-.  Perianth  ferruginous-villous  outside,  very  sparingdy  hairy  inside, 
the  tube  rather  broad,  scarcely  2  Hnes  long-,  contracted  and  recurved  at 
the  top  only.  Torus  obhque.  Ghmd  truncate  or  emarginate.  Ovary 
densely  villous,  ver}'  shortly  stipitate  at  the  upper  margin  of  the  torus ; 
style  short,  nearly  giabrous ;  stig-matic  disk  lateral,  broad  and  thick. 
Fruit  sman. 

W.  Australia,   Dmmmond  (2nd  coll.?)  n.  161,  4th  coll.  n.  281. 

62.  G.  acuaria,  F.  MurU.  Jlerb.  Branches  divaricate,  sparingiy 
pubescent  as  well  as  the  foHag'e  with  minute  appressed  hairs  or  nearly 
giabrous.  Leaves  divaricate,  Hnear-terete,  slender  but  rigid,  pung-ent- 
pointed,  sHghtly  gTooved,  ^  to  nearly  1  in.  long\  Pedicels  soHtary  or 
clustered  few  tog-ether,  axiUary  or  terminal,  2  to  3  Hnes  long-.  Perianth 
g"labrous  outside,  bearded  inside  to  below  the  middle,  with  short  re- 
flexed  hairs,  the  tube  nearly  4  lines  long',  rather  narrow  but  open  on 
the  lower  side  only,  attenuate  and  recurved  under  the  giobular  limb. 
Torus  very  oblique.  Gland  broad  and  dat,  sligiitly  prominent.  Ovary 
giabrous,  stipitate  on  the  upper  margiu  of  the  torus.  Style  long-,  stig-- 
matic  disk  lateral,  orbicular. 

"W.  Australia,  Drummond.  Tliis  is  referred  to  b_y  F.  Mueller,  Fragm.  vi.  207, 
as  a  variety  of  G.  sjxirsijiora,  wbicb  it  much  resembles  in  iiifloresceiice  and  flowers  ;  but, 
besiiles  tlie  fuliage,  it  differs  in  the  very  oblique  torus.  It  is  ouly  kuown  from  a  small 
specimen  whicli  is  however  abundautly  iu  flower. 

63.  G.  singuliflora,  F.  Mnell.  Fragm.  vi.  92.     A  densely  branched 

flabrous  shrub,  j)robably  small.  Leaves  sessile  or  very  shortly  petiolate, 
roadly  ovate  or  orbicular,  very  obtuse,  flat  or  undulate,  with  a  nerve- 
like  margin,  4  to  6  lines  long,  faintly  penniveined  on  both  sides. 
Pedicels  in  pairs  in  the  upper  axils,  filiform,  giabrous,  3  to  4  lines 
long-.  Perianth  giabrous  outside,  sligiitly  pubescent  inside  about  the 
middle,  the  tube  gibbous  at  the  base  on  the  upper  side,  about  4  lines 


flrCvUlca.]  CIV.    PROTEACEiE.  453 

long-,  revolute  under  tlie  g-loljulav  limb.     Torus  very  oblique,  linear, 
about  2  lines  long-.     Gland  small  and  horseshoe-sbaped  at  tbe  lower 
end.     Ovary  g-bibrous  on  a  long-  stipes  at  tbe  upper  end  of  tbe  torus  j 
st3'le  ratber  long* ;  stig-matic  disk  lateraL 
Queensland.     Dogwood  Creek,  Leichhardt. 

04.  G.  pauciflora,  li.  Br.  i/i  Tmns.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  171,  Prod.  377. 
An  erect  busby  sbrub,  tbe  brancbes  silky  or  boary-tomentose.  Leaves 
linear  or  oblong-,  usually  cuneate,  very  obtuse  or  witb  a  small  callous 
point,  witb  nerve-bke  sometimes  recurved  margins  tapering-  to  tbe 
base  and  sometimes  sbortly  petiolate,  f  to  1|  in.  long-,  g-kibrous  above 
wben  full  g-rown,  silky  underneatb  or  at  leng-tb  nearly  g-bibrous,  tbe 
midrib  alone  prominent.  Pedicels  in  pairs  or  in  very  sbort  racemes 
of  2  or  3  pairs,  axillary  or  terminal,  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Periantb  red, 
sprinkled  witb  a  few  small  bairs  outside,  densely  bearded  inside  by  a 
ring-  of  reflexed  bairs  above  tbe  middle,  tbe  tube  about  3  lines  long-, 
dilated  below  tbe  middle  but  abnost  acute  not  g-ibbous  at  tbe  base, 
attenuate  above  tbe  middle  and  reciirved  under  tbe  globular  limb. 
Torus  obbque.  Gland  semiannular.  Ovary  glabrous  on  a  sbort  tbick 
stipes ;  style  sbort ;  stig-matic  disk  lateral.  Fruit  about  |  in.  long-. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  356 ;   G.  oligantha,  F,  Muelb  Frag^m.  vi.  206, 

5.  Australia.  Port  Lincoln,  R.  Brown;  Marble  Kanges,  Wilkelmi ;  Spencer's 
Gulf,   Warhurton. 

W.  Australia.  Lucky  Baj,  B.  Brown;  S.W.  end  of  Russel  Eange  and  Phillipa 
river,  Maxwell. 

The  specimens  are  many  of  tliem  very  unsatisfactory. 

65.  G.  Strangea,  Benth.  A  small  erect  g-labrous  sbrub.  Leaves 
ratber  crowded,  erect,  bnear  or  Hnear-cuneate,  obtuse  or  mucronate, 
contracted  at  tbe  base,  1 J  to  2^  in.  long-,  tbick  and  veinless.  Flowers 
unknown.  Fruits  soHtary  on  lateral  recurved  pedicels  of  3  or  4  bnes, 
stipitate  on  tbe  torus,  quite  gbibrous,  fusiform,  sbgbtly  compressed, 
tbick  and  bard,  1  to  1|  in.  long-,  opening-  along-  tbe  upper  suture  as  in 
all  g-enuine  Grevilleas.  Seed  probably  Hke  tbat  of  G.  cynuncMcarpa, 
but  onl}^  known  from  a  single  separate  membranous  outer  coating- 
in  Herb.  F.  Mueller,  simibir  to  tbat  of  G.  cynanchicarpa. — Strangca  linc- 
aris,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  60,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  348. 

Queensland.  Wide  Bay,  Bidwill;  swamps  near  Durval,  Leichhardt ;  Sandy 
ridge,  Cape  Byron,  O.  Moore. 

As  far  as  the  characters  are  derived  from  the  fruit  and  foliage,  the  only  parts  known, 
this  species  appears  to  me  to  be  even  scctionally  inseparable  from  G.  cy nanchicarpa ; 
but  both  require  further  investigation  from  more  perfect  specimens. 

Q)Q.  G.  cynanchicarpa,  Mcissn.  in  Hook.  Kcw  Joxmu  vii.  75,  A 
spreading-  but  stout  and  rigid  sbrub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  tbe  young-  brancbes 
tomentose,  tbe  adult  foHage  glabrous.  Leaves  ratber  crowded,  erect, 
linear,  acute  or  mucronate,  tbick  and  rig-id  but  flat  or  sHg'btly  concave, 
veinless,  contracted  at  tbe  base  but  scarcely  petiolate,  2  to  4  in.  long- 
in  some  specimens^  3  to  6  in.  in  otber.     Pedicels  soHtary  in  tbe  axils, 


454  civ.   PROTEACE^.  [GrcviUca. 

about  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  unknown.  Torus  very  oblique.  Gland 
prominent,  thick^  obliquely  semiannular.  Ovary  tomentose-villous, 
stipitate  on  tlie  upper  mar<>-in  of  the  torus,  with  2  hiterally  attaclied 
ovules  as  in  all  other  GrcmUca'.  ;  style  short  and  thick ;  stig-matic  disk 
larg-e  and  lateral.  Fruit  2  to  2i-  in.  long-,  rather  narrow,  hard,  taper- 
ing-  at  both  ends,  obtusely  ribbed,  opening-  along-  the  upper  suture. 
Seed  flat,  oblong,  1|  to  2  in.  long-,  thin  but  not  distinctly  wingvd, 
slightly  thickened  about  the  hihim  which  is  very  near  tlie  base,  the 
outer  membranous  coating  separating-  from  the  mner  and  openino-  in 
two  valves.  Embryo  of  the  shape  of  the  seed  and  equally  distant  from 
both  ends,  the  radicle  exceedingly  short  at  the  lower  end. — MoUoya 
ajnanchicarpa,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  348. 

W.  Australia.  Moore  river  and  sand  plain  north  of  Diamond  river,  Drumniond, 
6ih  coll.  n.  190;  Cociileshell  gully,  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

This  has  been  proposed  as  a  distinct  genus  on  tlie  supposition  that  the  seed  was 
wintred  at  the  uppur  end  like  that  of  a  Halea,  and  that  tlie  ovule  was  solitary.  Tliat 
proves  hnwever  to  be  a  njistake.  Tlie  ovary,  friiit,  and  seed  are  precisely  those  of 
several  true  Grevillice,  except  as  to  wliat  aj^pears  to  be  the  outer  coating  of  the  seed, 
which  in  this  specics  and  in  G.  Strangea  sejiarates  itself  liom  the  inner  in  a  nianner  not 
observed  in  other  species,  Imt  which,  in  tlie  absence  of  any  other  character,  can  scarci-iy 
jiistify  the  generic  separation  of  these  plants  so  long  as  the  seeds  of  so  many  aliied 
species  remain  unknown. 

Sect.  4.  Calothyrsus. — Racemes  secund,  usually  terminal  and 
many-ilowered.  Perianth-tube  more  or  less  dihited  below  the  middle 
and  usually  opening  on  the  lower  side,  revolute  under  the  limb. 
Torus  very  oblique,  the  gland-side  the  shortest.  Ovary  g-labrous, 
stipitate.     Species  all  tropical,  except  G.  Hucgclii. 

This  section  comprises  all  the  species  with  a  very  oblique  torus  and  glabrous  ovary 
exceptiug  a  very  few  with  almost  solitary  axillary  fiowers,  which  I  thought  better 
placcd  in  Plagiopoda  with  others  of  the  same  exceptioual  inflorescence. 

Q7.  G.  quercifolia,  E.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  23.  An  undershrub  or 
slirub  of  1  to  3  ft.,  glabrous  and  g'laucous  like  G.  Snnaphece  but  the 
branches  terete  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  ovate  or  oblong*,  sinuate- 
pinnatifid  with  short  broad  miicronate  or  pungent-pointed  lobes, 
cuneate  or  rarely  truncate  at  the  base  and  very  shortly  petiohite, 
mostly  3  to  4  in.  sometimes  5  in.  long,  or  those  of  long-  hiteral 
branches  much  smaller,  all  prominently  veined  and  often  unduh^te. 
Racemes  dense,  |  to  1  in.  long,  peduncuhite  in  the  upper  axils  or  3  or 
4  on  a  long"  terminal  lealless  peduncle.  Bracts  broad,  very  deciduous 
or  rarely  more  persistent.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth 
purple,  glabrous  outside,  pubescent  inside  about  the  middle,  very  much 
revohite  in  the  bud,  slightly  dilated  at  the  base,  abruptly  bent  down 
above  the  ovary  when  expanded,  the  limb  very  obUquely  ovoid. 
Torus  very  obhque.  Gland  obsolete.  Ovary  gkibrous,  on  a  long 
stipes  on  the  upj^er  margin  ;  style  ilattened ;  stigmatic  disk  hirge  and 
lateral. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  551,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  390 ;  G. 
brachyantha,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  31. 


Grevillea.]  civ.   proteace^.  455 

W.  Australia.  Swan  liver,  Fraser,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  619,  Preiss,  n.  693; 
Yasse  river,  Oldfield ;  Cape  Leeuwin,  Lay  and  Collie  (witli  long  loose  racemes). 

Var.  avgustifolia.  Leaves  lanceolate,  pinnatifid,  3  to  6  in.  long. — W.  Australia, 
Drummond;  Mouut  Barker,  Oldfitld,  F.  Mueller ;  Douelly  aud  Ijlackwood  rivers, 
T.  C.  Carey. 

G8.  G.  angnlata,  7?.  Br.  Prof.  Xov.  24.  A  slirub  of  3  to  6  ft., 
qiiite  g-labrous  aud  usually  g'laucous,  or  the  young-  shoots  scarcely 
pubescent.  Leaves  petiohite,  ovate  or  oblong-,  cuneate  at  the  base, 
niore  or  less  unduhite  and  prickly-tootlied,  1  to  2  in.  long-  or  rather 
more  when  narrow,  reticuhite  on  both  sides.  Racemes  dense,  secund, 
axilhiry  and  terminal,  on  peduncles  of  |  to  1  in.,  the  rhachis  6  to  8 
lines  long-.  Pedicels  slender,  l^  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  glabrous 
or  pubescent  with  short  appressed  hairs  outside,  densely  bearded  inside 
with  erect  hairs,  the  tube  nearly  4  lines  long,  not  much  dihated  at  the 
base,  attenuate  and  much  revolute  under  the  globuhir  limb.  Torus 
oblique.  Gland  prominent,  horseshoe-shaped.  Ovary  ghibrous,  stipi- 
tate  on  the  upper  marg-in  of  the  torus ;  style  rather  long ;  stigmatic 
disk  ovate,  laterah  Fruit  very  obtuse  with  the  base  of  the  style 
lateral,  4  to  6  lines  long. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  380  ;  G.  ilicifoUa, 
A,  Cunn.  Herb.  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  Australia.  Sims's  Island,  A.  Cunningham ;  Victoria  river,  Bgnoe,  F.  MueUer ; 
Fitzmaurice  river,  F.  Jlueller. 

Var.  ?  lancifolia,  F.  Muell.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  2  to  3  in.  long. — Stony  ranges, 
Central  Australia,  Herh.  F.  Mueller  (coUector  not  named). 

69.  G.  Wickhami,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  380.  A  shrub  of  4  to 
6  ft.  or  a  small  tree,  the  young-  branches  and  foliage  minutely  silky- 
pubescent,  the  older  leaves  nearly  ghibrous.  Leaves  petiohite,  ovate, 
ang-ular  or  sinuate,  with  prickly-pointed  angles  or  teeth,  cuneate  at  the 
base,  1  to  IJ  in.  long,  reticuhite  as  in  G.  angulata,  or  thicker  with  the 
reticulations  less  conspicuous.  Racemes  secund,  f  to  2  in.  long-,  on 
short  axilhiry  peduncles  or  terminating  short  branches.  Pedicels  1  to 
2  lines  long,  glabrous  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  ghibrous  out- 
side,  bearded  inside  about  the  middle,  the  tube  scarcely  3  lines  long-, 
broad  and  very  obHque  at  the  base,  contracted  and  much  revolute 
under  the  globuhir  linib.  Torus  oblique.  Ghind  horseshoe-shaped, 
hirge  but  not  very  prominent.  Ovary  glabrous,  stipitate  on  the  upper 
margin  of  the  torus ;  style  ghibrous  or  minutely  papillose-pubescent, 
with  a  hirge  lateral  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  very  obtuse,  4  to  5  lines 
long. 

N.  Australia.  Usborne's  Harbour,  N.W.  coast,  WickJiam;  Eoebuck  Bay,  Martin; 
King's  Sound  and  Collier  Bay,  Chapman ;  Port  Darwin,  Schultz  ;  Gulf  of  Carpentaria, 
F.  Muelkr. 

70.  G.  agrifolia,  A.  Cunn.  in  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  24.  A  shrub  of 
strong  g-rowth,  the  young  shoots  minutely  silky-tomentose,  often 
ferruginous  and  the  okl  foliage  scarcely  ghdjrous.  Leaves  petiohate, 
obovate-cuneate,  more  or  less  tinduhite  and  augular  or  sinuate  with 
prickly-pointed  angles  or  teeth,  tapering  from  the  middle  downwards, 


4oG  civ.  pnoTEACE^.  [GrcviJlca. 

l.l  to  3  in.  long',  more  obli(|uely  penniveined  tlian  in  G.  Wichhumi,  tlie 
reticulations  ])rominent  on  botli  sides.     Racemes  ratlier  dense,  socund, 

1  to  l.\  in.  lonu",  on  sliort  poduncles,  axillarv  or  terminatinp:  short 
Lranclies.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  lontj',  ii'labrous  as  well  as  tlie  rliacliis. 
Perianth  glabrous  outside,  densely  boarded  inside  with  reflexed  hairs, 
the  tube  3  or  4  lines  long',  scarcely  dilated  at  the  base,  much  revolute 
under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  oblique.  Gland  larg-e,  horseshoe- 
shaped.  Ovary  gdabrous,  on  a  slender  stipes,  at  the  upper  marg-in  of 
the  torus  ;  style  long-,  slender,  gdabrous ;  stig-matic  disk  lateral.  Fruit 
obliquely  g-lobular,  7  or  8  lines  diameter. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  380". 

N.  Australia.  Cape  Pond,  Rims'?,  Lacrosse,  and  Goulburn  Islands,  A.  Cunning- 
ham;  Kicliol  Bay,  F  Gregorifs  Erpedition ;  Giilfof  Carpentaria,  F.  Mueller ;  in  tlie 
interior,  2VDouall  Stitarfs  Expedition. 

71.  G.  Cunninghamii,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Noi\  23.  A  g-labrous  and 
more  or  less  g-laucous  shrub  attaining-  10  ft.  Leaves  sessile  or  nearly 
so,  ovate,  deeply  cordate  with  broad  stem-clasping-  auricles,  undulate 
and  prickh--toothed,  1  to  2  in.  long  and  broad,  prominently  but  flnely 
reticulate  on  both  sides.  Racemes  axillary,  short  and  few-flowered,  on 
slender  peduncles  of  about  h  in.,  the  pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long",  all 
quite  g'labrous.  Perianth  glabrous  outside,  sparingly  bearded  inside 
about  the  middle,  the  tube  searcely  3  lines  long-,  broad  and  very 
oblique  below  the  middle,  contracted  and  much  revolute  under  the 
g'lobular  limb.  Torus  oblique.  Gland  horseshoe-shaped,  larg-e  but 
slig-htly  prominent.  Ovary  g-labrous,  shortly  stipitate  near  the  upper 
margin  of  the  torus ;  style  not  \er\  long-,  broad  and  flattened,  stig-- 
niatic  disk  oval-oblong,  lateral.  Fruit  oblique,  very  obtuse,  4  to  5 
lines  long-. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  379 ;  G.  carduifolia,  A.  Cunn. 
Herb. 

N.  Australia.     Montague  Sound,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Ctinniiigham. 

72.  G.  pungens,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soe.  x.  175,  Prod.  379.  An 
erect  shrub  of  2  to  5  ft.,  the  branches  and  foliag-e  silky-pubescent. 
Leaves  sessile,  deeply  and  regularly  pinnatifid,  with  11  to  21  lanceolate 
rig-id  pung-ent-pointed  lobes,  the  lower  ones  often  2-fid  or  3-fid,  much 
veined  above,  more  densely  silky  underneath  with  the  midril)s  alone 
prominent,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  2  in.  or  even  long-er,  variable  in  the 
breadth  and  depth  of  the  lobes.     Racemes  terminal,  secund,  solitarj-  or 

2  tog-ether,  shortly  pedunculate,  2  to  3  in.  long-,  quite  glabrous.  Pedi- 
cels  1  to  2  lines  long.  Perianth  glabrous  inside  and  out,  the  tube  about 
4  Knes  long,  somewhat  dilated  below  the  middle,  attenuate  upwards 
and  revolute  under  the  very  obliquely  globular  limb.  Torus  oblique. 
Gland  prominent,  half  cup-shaped,  truncate  or  2-lobed.  Ovary  glabrous 
on  a  short  stij)es ;  style  not  very  long,  slightly  thickened  'under  the 
lateral  stigmatic  disk. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  372. 

N.  Anstralia.  W.  coast  of  tlie  Gulf  of  Carpcntaria,  B.  Broun,  Leichhardt; 
Maiia  island,  Oidliver. 


GrcriJIfn.]  civ.   pnoTKArK.E.  4;)? 

73.  G.  Huegellii,  Mcissn.  i/i  Pl.  Prciss.  i.  543,  and  iii  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
372.  An  erect  and  spreading-  or  procnmbent  rig-id  slirub  attaining' 
sometimes  several  ft.,  the  young-  branclies  slig'litly  tomentose.  Leaves 
pinnate  with  3  to  7  seg-ments,  all  entire  or  the  lower  ones  again  divided, 
linear,  rig-id,  pung-ent-pointed,  thick  but  tlat,  glabrous  and  smooth  above, 
doubh' gTooved  underneatli,  and  more  or  less  silky  in  the  g-rooves.  Ra- 
cemes  very  short  and  few-tlowered,  sessile,  solitary  or  2  or  3  tog-ether 
at  the  ends  of  the  branches  or  at  the  old  nodes,  the  rliacliis  closely 
tomentose.  Pedicels  2  or  3  lines  long.  Perianth-tube  rather  narrow, 
nearly  straig'ht,  7  to  8  lines  long',  scarcely  contracted  under  the  slightly 
recurved  limb.  Torus  very  oblique  and  elongated.  Gland  adnate, 
scarcely  prominent.  Ovary  glabrous,  on  a  long-  stipes  inserted  near  the 
iipper  marg-in  of  the  torus ;  style  not  very  long-,  shortly  clavate  imder 
the  oldique  convex  stigunatic  disk. —  G.  rigidissima,  F.  Muell.  Pl.  Vict. 
ii.  t.  71 ;  Meissn.  in  Linniea  xxvi.  35G,  ancl  in  DC  Prod.  xiv.  360. 

W.  S.  VtTales.  Dailing  and  Murray  desert,  Mitchell,  Dallachy,  Jlrs.  Ford,  and 
otliers. 

Victoria.     N.W.  district  of  the  colony,  L.  Morton. 

S.  Australia.  Murray  river  to  St,  Vincent's  and  Spencer's  Gulfs,  F.  Mueller ; 
Gawler  river,   Weidenbach. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  634 ;  York  distiict,  Preiss,  n. 
691. 

74.  G.  dimidiata,  F.  Muell.  Frar/m.  iii.  146.  A  tree  (J),  quite 
glabrous  with  a  giaucoiis  foliag-e  resembling-  in  some  respects  G.  mimo- 
soidcs,  but  at  once  disting-ui.shed  by  the  broad  leaves  and  large  dilferently 
sliaped  llowers.  Lea.ves  falcate,  6  to  10  in.  long-  and  1  to  3  in.  broad 
in  the  middle  in  the  few  specimens  seen,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole, 
flat,  ratlier  thick,  witli  numerous  almost  long-itudinal  veins  and  reticu- 
lations,  not  very  prominent  but  equally  visible  on  both  sides.  Racemes 
rather  loose,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  pedunculate  and  collected  several  together 
in  a  loose  terminal  panicle.  Pedicels  1  to  \^  lines  long\  Perianth 
quite  giabrous  as  well  as  the  wliole  inilorescence,  the  tube  about  4  lines 
long',  revolute  under  the  giobular  linib.  Torus  very  oblique,  concave. 
Gland  adnate,  scarcely  prominent.  Ovary  giabrous,  on  a  long-  stipes  on 
the  upper  part  of  the  torus ;  style  long-,  Hattened ;  stig-matic  disk  ob- 
lic|ue,  shortly  conical  in  tbe  centre. 

N.  Australia.  Careening  Bay,  i4 .  Cunniiigham  (lea.ves  only) ;  Victoria  river,  F. 
MueUtr ;  lloper  river,  M'Douall  iStuarfs  Eapcdition. 

75.  G.  heliosperma,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  170,  Prod. 
380.  A  small  slender  tree,  the  young-  shoots  minutely  silvery  or  ful- 
vous-pubescent,  the  adult  foliage  giabrous  and  more  or  less  giaucous. 
Leaves  once  or  twice  pinnate,  tlie  seg'ments  not  very  numerous,  oblong-- 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  flat,  3  to  4  in.  long',  tapering-  at  tlie  base  and  often 
petiolulate,  triplinerved  or  penniveined  with  few  almost  longitudinal  pri- 
mary  veins  and  numerous  almost  longitudinal  reticidations  couspicuous 
on  both  sides,  the  whole  leaf  6  in.  to  1  ft.  long-.  Racemes  very  loose, 
secund,  2  to  4  in.  long,  terminal  or  lateral,  often  branched  but  shorter 


458  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [GrcvUlca. 

than  tlie  leaves.  Perianth  g-labrous  outside  as  well  as  the  whole  in- 
ilorescence,  bearded  inside  below  the  middle,  thetube  fully  4  lineslong-, 
dihited  towards  the  base,  somewhat  contracted  upwards  and  much  re- 
vohite  under  the  obHquely  «^•lobuh^r  limb.  Torus  very  obhque  and  nar- 
row,  3  hnes  long'.  Ghmd  adnate,  scarcely  prominent.  Ovary  g-hibrous, 
stipitate  at  the  upper  end  of  the  torus ;  style  very  long- ;  stig-matic  (hsk 
very  oblique  or  hiteral,  very  convex.  Fruit  nearly  globidar,  obhcpie,  1 
in.  diameter,  with  very  thick  hard  valves.  Seed  broatUy  wing-od  all 
round.— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  380. 

N.  Australia.  N.  coast,  B.  Brorvn ;  Port  Eaffles,  A.  Cunnhrjham ;  Melville 
island,  Fraser ;  Poirt  Pearce,  M'Adam  Eange,  Eoper  river,  F.  Mueller  ;  Port  Darwin, 
Schultz  j  Caledon  Bay  and  Liverpool  river,  Gull. 

76.  G.  refracta,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  176,  Frod.  380.  A 
tall  shrub  or  small  tree,  tlie  young-  branches  toiuentose.  Leaves  mostly 
pinnate  with  3  to  11  seg"ments  2  to  5  in.  long-,  linear-lanceohite  or  the 
terminal  one  broader,  or  sometimes  reduced  to  a  single  oblony-cuneate 
lear,  the  seg-ments  acute  or  obtuse  when  broad,  tapering-  at  the  base  and 
sometimes  petiolulate,  the  margins  usually  recurved,  nearly  glabrous 
above  and  penniveined  with  numerous  very  oblique  and  nearly  parallel 
primary  veins,  densely  silky-pubescent  underneath  with  the  midrib  alone 
prominent.  Racemes  short,  secund,  nearly  sessile,  usually  several  to- 
gether  in  a  small  sessile  terminal  panicle,  the  rhachis  of  each  raceme 
rarely  above  1  in.  long-,  the  pedicels  2  to  3  lines,  hoary-tomentose. 
Perianth  silky-pubescent  outside,  bearded  inside  about  the  middle,  the 
tube  4  to  5  lines  long-,  dilated  towards  thebase,  contracted  upwardsand 
much  revolute  under  the  obliquely  globular  hmb.  Torus  very  oblique. 
Gland  very  prominent,  half  cup-shaped,  2-lobed.  Ovary  g-hibrous, 
stipitate  on  the  upper  margin  of  the  torus ;  style  thick,  not  very  long- ; 
stigmatic  disk  lateral.  Fruit  very  hard,  nearly  globular,  about  1  in. 
diameter.     Seed  broadly  wing-ed. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  382. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  tbe  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Brown;  Cambridge  GulP, 
N.W.  coa.st,  ^-1.  Cunni)i(jham ;  Cygnet  Bay,  Wiclcham;  "Victoria  river,  Bynoe,  F. 
Mueller ;  Sea  Range  and  Fitzmaurice  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Sburfs  Eange,  Kewcastle 
water,  Riliiarfs  springs,  M'£>ouall  Stuarfs  Expedition. 

Var.  ceratophylla.  Leaf-segments  often  ratber  broader  and  several  of  tlie  lcaves  un- 
dividcd,  tbe  primary  veins  more  conspicuous  underneatb. —  G.  ceratopliylla,  R.  Br.  in 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  177,  Prod.  380;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  382  ;  G.  heterophylla, 
A.  Cunn.  in  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  24;  Meissn.  l.c.  381. — Islands  of  tbe  Gulf  of  Carpen- 
taria,  B.  Brown ;  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunningham. 

Var.  velutina,  Meissn.  Segments  of  tbe  leaves  all  broad'and  densely  silky-ferrugi- 
nous  op  botb  sides.— G.  velutina,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. — Greville  island,  Regent's  river,  A. 
Cunnin<jham ;  Gknelg  Tiver,  3Iartin. 

77.  G.  Dryandri,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  175,  Prod.  379.  A 
tall  slirub,  the  braiiches  minutely  hoary-tomentose  or  quite  giabrous. 
Leaves  })innate,  with  numorous  narrow-linear  rather  rigid  mucronate 
segments,  the  lower  ones  2  to  4  in.  long-,  the  upper  ones  g-radually 
smallor,  all  with  recurved  or  revolute  margins,  glabrous  above  and  more 
or  less  marked  with  very  oblique  or  longitudinal  veins,  silky-pubescent 


GrcvUlea.']  civ.  protkace.e.  459 

iindorncath  with  the  midrib  prominent.  Rucemes  loose  and  secund, 
<>iahrous  and  g-hiucous,  from  4  or  5  in.  to  nearly  1  ft.  lono-,  and  often 
several  on  a  \o\v^  stout  terminal  peduncle.  Pedicels  3  to  5  lines  long". 
Periantli  wliite,  jj;'hd)rous  outside,  sli<i,-htly  bearded  inside,  the  tube  7  to 
9  lines  lonii",  dilated  at  the  base,  attenuate  from  the  middle  and  revolute 
under  the  obliquely  ylobular  limb,  the  lamin;e  of  the  long-er  seg-ments 
bearing-  a  longitudinal  dorsal  keel-like  appendag-e.  Torus  oblique  but 
not  very  much  so.  Ghind  prominent,  semiannular,  often  2  lobed.  Ovary 
g-labrous,  on  a  long"  stipes ;  style  very  long* ;  stig"matic  disk  lateral. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  374;  O.  riffens,  A.  Cunn. ;  Meissn.  l.c. ;  G. 
calUpteris,  Meissn.  l.c.  375. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  R.  Brown,  Henne;  Upper 
Tictoiia  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Goulburn  island,  A.,  Cunningliam ;  Port  Essington,  Arm- 
stroiig. 

Queensland.     Cape  Flinders,  A.  Cunningliam. 

78.  G.  polystachya,  i?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  177,  Prod.  380. 
A  tall  shrub  or  small  tree,  attaining-  about  30  ft.,  tlie  branchesminutely 
silky-pubescent  or  hoary  when  young-.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceo- 
late  and  undivided,  or  dilated  upwards  and  irregularly  divided  into  2 
to  6  long"  linear-lanceolate  segments,  the  whole  leaf  6  to  10  in.  long', 
acuminate,  tapering'  into  a  petiole,  glabrous  above,  more  or  less  silky- 
pubescent  underneath,  with  the  midrib  and  often  long"itudinal  lateral 
veins  prominent.  Racemes  rather  dense,  secund,  3  to  4  in.  long,  gla- 
brous,  usually  several  in  a  short  terminal  panicle.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines 
long-.  Perianth  white,  glabrous  oiitside,  shortly  bearded  inside,  the 
tube  about  4  lines  long",  not  much  dilated  at  the  base,  narrow  and  re- 
volute  under  the  globular  limb.  Torus  oblique  but  not  very  much  so. 
Gland  semicircular.  Ovary  g-labrous,  stipitate ;  style  rather  long-, 
shortly  thickened  under  the  very  oblique  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  woody, 
obliquely  orbicular,  f  to  1  in.  diameter.  Seedsbroadly  wing^ed. — Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  384;  G.  parallcla,  Knig'ht,  Prot.  121  ;  G.  polijhotrua, 
F.  Muell.  iu  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  ix.  23  ;  Meissn.  l.c.  098,  not  of  Meissn. 
l.c.  380. 

N.  Australia.     Macadam  Range  and  S.  Alligator  river,  F.  Mueller. 

Queensland.  Shoalbay  passai^e,  B,.  Brown ;  Gilbert  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Edge- 
combe  and  liockingbam  Bays,  Dallacliy ;  Port  Denison,  Fitzalan  ;  Broad  Souud,  Flin- 
ders  and  Bowen  rivers,  Bnwman;  Liverpool  river,  GidUver ;  Port  Mackav,  Nernst. 

Var.  hehestachya.  Racemes  minutely  hoary-pubescent.  Fiowers  ratber  smaller. — 
Cape  York,  Daemel ;  Daymau's  island,  W.  Hill.  Souie  of  the  Eockiugbam  Bay  spe- 
cimens  are  intermediate  bt-twcen  these  and  the  typical  form. 

G.  angustata,  E.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  24;  Meissn.  iu  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  384,  described  from 
Bpecimen.s  in  leaf  only  from  Cape  Cleveland,  A.  Cunningliam,  is  probably  oidy  a  veiy 
narrow  leaved  form  of  G.  polystachya. 

79.  G.  robusta,  A.  Cvnn.  in  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  24.  A  tree  sometimes 
small  and  slender,  sometimes  robust  and  80  to  100  ft.  hig'h,  the  youug- 
branches  hoary  or  ferruginous-tomentose.  Leaves  pinnate  with  abuut 
11  to  21  pinnatifid  pinna?,  the  secondary  lobes  or  seg-ments  entire  or 
ag-ain  lobed,  lanceolate  or  rarely  linear,  often  above  1  in.  long-,  the 


4G0  riv.   PROTEACEiE.  [Grevillea. 

marg-ins  rccurved,  g-labrous  above  or  sprinkled  witli  appressed  hairs  and 
obscurely  veined ;  silky  underneath,  the  whole  leaf  0  to  8  in,  long  and 
nearly  as  broad.  Racemes  secund,  3  or  4  in.  long-,  solitary  or  several 
tog-ether  on  very  short  leafless  branches  on  the  old  wood.  Pedicels 
slender,  about  ^  in.  long",  g-labrous  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth 
glabrous  outside  and  in,  the  tube  nearly  3  lines  long-,  scarcely  dilated 
at  the  base,  revolute  under  the  ovoid  limb.  Torus  shghtly  obhque. 
(Jland  prominent,  semiannuhir.  Ovary  g-labrous,  stipitate  ;  style  long-, 
the  stig'matic  disk  somewhat  obhque  with  a  central  cone.  Fruit  broad, 
very  obHque,  8  or  9  lines  long-.  Seed  wing-ed  all  round. — Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  381  j  Bot.  Mag\  t.  3184;  G.  nmhraticu,  A.  Cunn. ; 
Meissn.  hc. 

Queensland.     Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cunningliam,  Fraser. 
"N.   S.  ^Vales.     From    th'.;  rticlimond  to  the  Tweed   river.s,    C.   Moore, ;  Sydney 
woods,   Paris  Exhibition,    1855,   Macarthur,  n.   159,   C.  Moore,  n.  88;  Clarence  and 
Eichmond  Lrushes,  London  Exhibition,  1862,  C.  Moore,  n.  1C8. 

_  Uiidcr  cultivation  the  leaf  is  sometimes  a  foot  long,  almost  tripinnate,  with  numerous 
pinnae  and  narrow  acute  segments. 

Sect.  5.  Cycladenia. — Racemesmany-flowered  (scarcely  secund?) 
several  in  a  lerminal  panicle.  Perianth-tube  narrow,  recurved  or  re- 
flexed  under  the  Hmb.  Torus  straight.  Gland  annular,  surrounding- 
the  stipes  of  the  ovary.  Ovaiy  g-labroxis;  style  long-  with  a  lateral 
stig-matic  disk. 

Ihe  inflorescence  is  nearly  that  of  the  tropical  species  of  Cahthyrsus,  buttheflowers 
are  more  crowded  and  apparently  not  secund.  The  periaiith  is  nearly  that  of  Cyclop- 
tera,  but  longer,  and  the  section  is  readily  distinguished  from  all  others  by  the  regular 
anuular  hypogynous  gland. 

80.  G.  anntilifera,  F.  MiuU.  Frafpn.  iv.  85.  A  shrub  of  G  to  8  ft., 
(|uite  glabrous  and  more  or  less  glaucous.  Leaves  pinnate  ;  segments 
5  or  ?,  narrow-Hnear,  divaricate,  rigid,  pung-ent-pointed,  f  to  1  in. 
hmg-,  the  margins  revolute,  smooth  above,  doubl}^  grooved  underneath. 
Kacemes  loose,  many-flowered,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  shortly  pedunculate 
and  usually  several  tog-ether  in  a  terminal  panicle.  Pedicels  2  to  3 
Hnes  long-,  g-labrous  as  well  as  the  rhacliis.  Perianth  white,  g-labrous 
outside,  sHg-htly  bearded  inside  near  the  base,  the  seg-ments  eciually 
separating-  from  the  base  and  scarcely  dilated,  much  revolute  under  the 
oliHquely  globular  Hmb,  about  J  in.  long-  if  unroUed.  Torus  straig-ht. 
Ckaid  annukir,  rather  thick  but  not  very  prominent.  Ovary  giabrous, 
on  a  hjng-  stipes  free  in  the  centre  of  the  g-hmd ;  style  very  long-,  with 
an  ()1)Hf|uo  or  hiteral  stigmatic  disk. 

W.  Australia.     Jlurchison  rivcr,  Oldfield. 

81.  G.  leucopteris,  Mcism.  in  Ilooh.  Kov  Jovrn.  vii.  70»,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  382.  A  shrub  of  4  to  8  ft.,  the  brnnches  and  petioles  hoary 
or  ferruginous  with  a  close  but  soft  and  dense  tomentum.  Leaves  pin- 
nate ;  seg-ments  numerous,  narrow-Hnear,  4  to  10  in.  long",  of  a  pale 
colour,  convex  and  smooth  above,  more  or  less  tomentose  and  doubly 


Girvillca.]  Civ.   proteace^.  401 

^•rooved  iinderneatli,  tlie  whole  leaf  often  al)ove  1  ft.  long*.  Racemes 
loose,  niany-tiowered,  3  to  4:  in.  long",  shortly  peduncidate  in  a  terminal 
panicle  often  raised  upon  branches  of  3  or  4  ft.  either  leafless  or  with  a 
few  sim])le  leaves  or  hracts,  or  rarely  the  panicle  close  upon  the  pinnate 
leaves  ;  the  conimon  peduncle  tomentose  up  to  the  racemes,  but  the 
rhachis  and  pedicels  giabrous.  Bracts  broad,  membranous,  villous, 
imbricate  on  the  young-  racemes  but  very  early  deciduous.  Pedicels 
rarely  above  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  giabrous  outside,  densely  bearded 
iuside  uear  the  base,  the  segnnents  equally  separating*  and  sligiitly 
dilated  at  the  base,  revolute  under  the  giobular  limb,  fully  5  lines  long". 
Toriis  straight.  Gland  annular,  thick  but  not  very  prominent.  Ovary 
giabrous,  on  a  long-  stipes  in  the  centre  of  the  giand ;  style  very  long-, 
sligiitly  thickened  under  the  lateral  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  broad,  very 
oblique,  nearly  1  in.  long'. — G.  scff/ne/itosa,  F,  Muell.  Frag-m.  iii.  145, 
iv.  1?0. 

"W.  Australia.     Murchison  rivor,  Oldfield,  Drummond,  Qth  coll.  n.  188. 

Sect.  0.  Cycloptera. — Flowers  small  in  dense  terminal  racemes 
usually  paniculate.  Perianth-tube  narrow,  recurved  or  reHexed  under 
the  limb.  Torus  straigiit.  Ovary  giabrous,  sti])itate.  Fruit  usually 
broad.     Seed  wing'ed  all  round. 

Tliis  section  lias  tiie  flowers  of  Lissostylis  with  the  general  habit  more  of  Calothyrsus, 
and  all  the  species  except  G.  Hillii  have  the  stigma  on  an  erect  cone  as  in  Conogyne. 

82.  G.  leucadendron,  A.  Cunn.  in  i?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  25.  A  tall 
shrub  or  small  tree,  the  foliag-e  silky  or  sprinkled  with  small  appressed 
Iiairs  or  rarely  almost  giabrous  and  usually  giaucous.  Leaves  mostly 
pinnate,  with  3  to  11  long-  linear  flat  seg'ments,  sometimes  scarcely 
broader  than  thick,  sometimes  2  or  3  lines  broad,  with  about  3  longitu- 
dinal  veins  simjDle  or  anastomosing'  and  ])rominent  on  both  sides,  the 
seg"ments  varyiug-  from  under  0  in.  to  l^-  ft.  in  length,  and  occasionally 
ag'ain  divided  or  rarely  the  whole  leaf  simple.  Flowers  very  small,  in 
dense  erect  racemes  of  2  or  3  in.,  shortly  jiedunculate  and  usually  several 
tog-ether  in  a  terminal  leatless  panicle  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Pedicels 
^  to  1  line  long".  Perianth  giabrous  as  well  as  the  whole  inHorescence, 
the  tube  narrow,  about  2  lines  long-,  reHexed  under  the  giobular  limb. 
Torus  small.  Gland  horseshoe-shaped,  not  very  prominent.  Ovary 
giabrous,  on  a  long-  stipes  ;  style  not  very  long",  rather  thick,  the  stig-- 
niatic  cone  nearly  straigiit.  Fruit  broad,  obIic]ue,  compressed,  about  f  to  1 
in.  long-.  Seed  winged  all  round. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  382  ; 
G.  ohliqua,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  25  ;  Meissn.  l.c.  ;  G.  lon/jiloha,  F.  Muell. 
Fragm.  i.  130. 

N.  Australia.  Cambridge  Gulf  and  Enderby  island,  Dampier'8  Archipelagn,  A. 
Cunningham ;  Sea  range,  Victoiia  river,  and  sources  of  the  Roper,  Wickham,  and  Alli- 
gator  rivers,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  F.  Mueller. 

Cunningham's  specimens  have  leaves  and  frnits  only,  those  of  G.  leucadendron  from 
Cambriiige  Gulf  with  narrower  leaf-segments  than  those  of  G.  obliqua  from  Enderby 
island  ;  F.  iMu(dler's  are  iri  good  flower  and  closely  eonnect  the  two  forms,  the  leaf- 
seijmcnts  varying  in  breadth  from  1  to  .3  liiies.  After  as  careful  a  comparison  as  the 
Bpecimens  admit  of  1  have  no  doubt  but  that  all  belong  to  one  species. 


4G2  civ.   ruuTEACE^.  [Grcvillca. 

83.  G.  pyramidalis,  A.  Cnnn.  in  R.  Br.  Prnt.  Nov.  2o.  A  tall 
shrub  or  sniall  tree,  tlie  adult  foliag-e  g-labrous  and  g-Liucous.  Leaves 
once  or  twice  pinnate,  tbe  seg-ments  not  numerous,  linear-cuneate  or 
oblanceolate,  obtuse,  3  to  5  in.  long-,  tapering-  at  tbe  base  and  often 
petiohdate,  llat,  ratber  tbick,  long-itudinally  but  irregubirly  vcined  on 
both  sides.  Flowers  very  small,  in  paniculate  g-labrous  racemes  like 
tbose  of  G.  Icucadcndron,  and  ag-reeing-  precisely  in  structure  and  j)ropor- 
tions  witb  tbat  species,  of  wbicb  G.  pyramiduUs  may  prove  to  be  a 
sbort-leaved  variety. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  381, 

N.  Australia.     Eegenfs  river,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunningham. 

84.  G.  striata,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  177,  Prod.  380.  A 
small  or  birge  tree,  tlie  brancbes  closely  tomentose,  tbe  foliag-e  minutely 
and  sometinies  sparing-ly  silky-pubescent.  Leaves  undivided,  linear  or 
linear-bmceolate,  0  to  18  in.  long-,  often  curved,  2  to  5  lines  broad, 
obscurely  veined  above,  striate  underneatb,  witb  9  to  13  raised  parallel 
nerves,  separated  by  intervals  mucb  narrower  tban  tbe  uerves  tbem- 
selves.  Flowers  small,  in  slender  spike-bke  erect  racemes  of  2  or  3 
in.,  sbortly  pedunculate  and  usually  several  tog-etber  in  a  lealless 
panicle  sborter  tban  tbe  leaves,  tbe  rbacliis  tomentose.  Pedicels 
scarcely  1  bne  long-.  Periantb  silky-pubescent  outside,  g'bibrous  inside, 
the  tube  about  2  lines  long-,  narrow,  revolute  under  tbe  g;lobubir  limb. 
Torus  smalL  Gband  semiannular,  prominent.  Ovary  glabrous,  on  a 
slender  stipes ;  style  not  very  long-,  tbe  stig-matic  cone  straiglit.  Fruit 
hroad,  very  oblique,  compressed,  about  |  in.  long\ — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  385  5   G.  lincata,  R.  Br.  App.  Sturt.  Exped.  24;  Meissn.  l.c. 

N.  Australia.  Victoria  river,  F.  Mueller  ;  islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  E. 
Brown. 

Queensland.  Wiile  Bay,  Bidwill ;  Port  Denison,  Fitzalan;  Kennedj-  district, 
Daintree ;  Flinders  and  Dawson  rivers,  Sutherland ;  in  tbe  interior,  Mitchdl. 

N.  S.  'Wales.     Darling  desert,  Victorian  Expedition ;  Bogan  river,  C.  Stuart. 

S.  Australia.     Coopcr's  Creek,  Howitfs  Expedition. 

85.  G.  mimosoides,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  \77 ,  Prod.  380, 
Prot.  Kov.  25.  A  tree  quite  g-labrous,  but  the  foliage  g'laucous.  Leaves 
undivided,  lanceolate,  falcate,  6  to  10  in.  long-,  varying-  from  under  ^ 
in.  to  above  1  in.  in  breadtb,  obtuse  or  witb  a  callous  point,  tapering* 
into  a  sbort  petiole,  llat,  witb  several  sometimes  many  long-itudinal 
veins  or  nerves  and  very  oblique  almost  longitudinal  veinlets  visible  on 
botb  sides,  but  not  very  prominent.  Flowers  small,  "  pinkisb  wbite" 
in  slender  glabrous  racemes  of  3  or  4  in.  sbortly  pedunculate  and 
usually  several  in  a  terminal  leailess  panicle.  Pedicels  |  to  1  in.  long-. 
Periantb  g-labrous,  tbe  tube  narrow,  about  2  lines  long-,  revolute  under 
the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  small.  Disk  semiannular,  scarcely  prominent 
or  very  obscure.  Ovary  g-labrous,  on  a  long*  stipes ;  style  long",  witb  a 
sbort  nearl}^  straig-bt  stigmatic  cone  or  conical  disk.  iruit  broad,  very 
obli(|ue,  somewbat  compressed,  fally  1  in.  long'.  Seed-wing-  narrow, 
coriaceous. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  385. 

N.  Australia.     Careening  Bay,  N.VV.  coast,    A.   Cunningham ;    Victoria   river, 


G/rvillea.]  civ.  rnoTKACEiE,  463 

M'Adam  Range,  Fitzmaunce  river,  F.  Jlueller ;  islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B. 
Brown,  Henne. 

Tlie  lcaves  closely  resemble  those  of  some  of  the  tropical  phyllodinous  Acacice;  when 
broad  tliey  are  also  very  nearly  those  of  Q.  dimldiata,  which  has  however  very  different 

ilowers. 

80.  G.  Hilliana,  F.  Mucll.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Inst.  Yict.  ii.  72.  A 
lar<;-e  tree,  tlie  young"  branclies  minntely  tomentose.  Leaves  petiolate, 
either  entire  obovate-oblong-  or  elbptical,  very  obtuse,  tapering-  at  the 
base  and  0  to  8  in.  long-,  or  still  long-er  and  deeply  divided  at  the  end 
into  2  or  3  diverg-ing-  lobes,  or  deeply  pinnatifid  with  5  to  7  oblong"  or 
lanceohite  lobes  of  several  inches,  the  whole  leaf  then  sometimes  above 
1  ft.  long-,  g'labrous  above  penniveined  and  reticulate  with  tlie  primary 
veins  conliuent  in  an  intramarginal  nerve,  more  or  less  silvery-silky 
underneath.  Flowers  small  and  very  numerous  in  dense  cylindrical 
racemes  of  4  to  8  in.,  on  short  axillary  shoots  accompanied  often  by 
1  or  2  smaller  racemes.  Pedicels  about  1  line  long-,  minutely  pubes- 
cent  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  minutely  silky  outside,  g'labrous 
or  scarcely  pubescent  inside,  the  tube  slender,  about  3  lines  long",  revo- 
lute  under  the  g'lobular  limb.  Torus  straig"ht.  Gland  semiannular, 
not  very  prominent.  Ovary  g-labrous,  stipitate  ;  style  long*  and 
slender,  the  stig-matic  disk  lateral.  Fruit  slig-htly  compressed,  nearly 
1  in,  long-.     Seed  rather  narrowly  wing-ed  all  round. 

Queensland,  Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  W.  Hill,  F.  Mueller ;  Eockingham 
Bay,  Dallachji. 

N.  S.  Wales.     From  the  Clarence  to  the  Tweed  river,  C.  Moore. 

87.  G.  gibbosa,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  177,  Prod.  380,  A 
small  or  larg-e  tree  sometimes  reduced  to  a  tall  shrub,  the  braiiches  and 
foliag'e  softly  tomentose-pubescent  witli  very  sliort  hairs  silky  on  the 
young-  shoots  and  persisting-  on  both  sides  of  the  adult  leaves.  Leaves 
entire,  ovate  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong'-elliptical,  obtuse  or  almost 
acute,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  3  to  4  or  rarely  5  in.  long-,  penni- 
veined  with  rather  numerous  oblique  primary  veins  conlluent  in  an 
intramarginal  nerve.  Flowers  small,  in  dense  spike-like  racemes  of 
3  to  G  in.,  shortly  pedunculate  and  usually  3  tog-ether  at  the  ends  of 
the  branches.  Pedicels  1  to  1|-  lines  long*,  pubescent  as  well  as  the 
rhachis.  Perianth  sprinkled  or  clothed  witli  appressed  hairs  outside, 
g-labrous  inside,  the  tube  slender,  about  2  lines  long-,  revolute  under 
the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  small.  Gland  very  prominent,  semi- 
cupular,  truncate  or  2-lobed.  Ovary  giabrous,  shortly  stipitate ;  style 
long-,  flliform,  the  stig-matic  cone  straigiit  or  nearly  so.  Fruit 
obliquely  giobular,  1  to  1|-  in.  diameter,  opening-  in  2  very  hard  thick 
hemispherical  valves,  enclosing-  1  or  2  flat  (broadly  wing-ed  ?)  seeds. — 
Meissn.  in  DC,  Prod.  xiv.  385  ;   G.  glauca,  Knigiit,  Prot.  121. 

Queensland.  Endeavour  river,  BanJcs  and  Solunder,  W.  Hill ;  Cape  York, 
M'Gillivray,  Daemel ;  Albany  isLand,  F.  Mueller,  W.  Hill;  Suttor,  Cape,  and  Bur- 
dekin  rivers,  Leichhardt,  F.  Mueller,  Bowman,  and  others, 

Sect.  7.  Eriostylis,  "R.  Br. — Racemes  umbel-like,  sessile  or 
nearly  so.     Flowers  small,  villous.     Perianth-tube  revolute  under  the 


40-1  CIV.    PROTEACK^E.  [(i/rrillca. 

liiul).     Torus  str;iiylit.     Ovary  sliortly  stipitate,  villous  as  well  as  tlie 
stvle ;  stigmatic  disk  lateral.     Leaves  all  entire. 

The  section  is  in  many  respects  allied  to  the  series  Jlebegyme  of  Eugrevillea,  but 
readily  distiiiguished  by  the  foliage  from  all  the  species  of  that  series  except  G.  concinna, 
which  has  a  giabrous  style. 

88.  G.  buxifolia,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  174,  Prad.  379. 
A  ])us]iy  s]iru]j  of  4  to  6  ft.,  t]ie  branclies  ferrug-inous-pubescent  and 
villous.  Leaves  ratlier  crowded,  sessile,  from  ovate  to  o])long-  or 
almost  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  the  marg-ins  recurved,  l  to  |  in.  but 
mostly  about  J  in.  long-,  minutely  scabrous  veined  and  often  shining^ 
above,  ferruginous  or  si]k3'-pubescent  underneath.  Racemes  terminal, 
sessile,  umbel-like.  Pedicels  3  to  0  lines  long-,  villous  as  well  as  the 
rhachis.  Periantli  villous  outside,  bearded  inside  witli  reflexed  hairs, 
the  tube  nearl}^  3  lines  long-,  rather  Ijroad,  reflexed  under  tlie  g-lobular 
limb.  Torus  straight.  Gland  semiannular.  Ovary  almost  sessile, 
densely  villous ;  style  long-,  villous,  clavate  at  the  end,  witli  a  broad 
thick  lateral  stigmatic  disk,  the  villous  back  produced  beyond  tlie  disk 
into  a  spreading-  or  reflexed  appendao'e. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
369;   Bot.    Reg-.   t.   443;  Lodd,  Bot.   Cab.  t.   1502;   Enibothrium  Mxi- 

folimn,  Sm.  Spec.  Bot.  N.  Holl.  29.  t.  10 ;  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  218 ; 
Emhothrimn  ffcnianthum,  Cav.  Ic.  iv.  GO.  t.  387  ;  Sti/lnrus  hiixifolia  and 
S.  coUina,  Knig-ht,  Prot.  115,  116. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Broivn,  Sieber,  n.  37,  El.  Mixt.  n.  477,  and 
many  others. 

89.  G.  phylicoides,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  174,  Prod.  379. 
A  slirub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  tlie  branches  ferrug-inous-villous.  Leaves  sessile 
or  very  shortly  petiolate,  linear-lanceolate  or  lanceolate,  acute,  mucro- 
nate,  mostly  |  to  1  in.  long-,  the  margins  revolute,  very  scabrous 
above,  pubescent  or  villous  underneatli.  Racemes  umbel-like,  ter- 
minal,  sessile  or  very  shortly  pedunculate.  Pedicels  1  to  3  lines  long", 
tomentose  as  well  as  tlie  rhachis.  Periantli  densely  villous  outside, 
bearded  inside  with  reflexed  liairs,  tlie  tube  about  2  lines  long*  reflexed 
under  the  globular  limb.  Torus  straig'ht.  Gland  ver}'  prominent, 
semiannTdar,  crenate.  Ovary  villous,  shortly  stipitate ;  stigmatic  disk 
lateral,  thick,  oblong-,  the  villous  back  produced  beyond  the  disk  into  a 
ratlier  long-  erect  Iiorn. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  369. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Grose  river,  R.  Brown ;  Bhie  Mountains,  Fraser,  Sieher,  n.  29, 
and  others  ;  Chirence  river,  Beclder. 

90.  G.  sphacelata,  E.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  174,  Prod.  378. 
A  shrub  of  several  feet,  resembling-  G.  phylicoidcs,  but  the  indumentum 
of  the  branches  and  underside  of  the  leaves  closely  appressed.  Leaves 
sessile  or  very  shortly  petiolate,  linear-Ianceolate,  obtuse  with  a 
callous  point,  tlie  margins  revolute,  |  to  1  in.  long-,  scabrous-punctate 
on  tlie  u})per  side.  Racemes  umljel-like,  terminal  and  usually  sessile. 
Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-,  pul)escent  as  well  as  tlie  rhachis.  "Perianth 
villous  outside,  bearded  inside  witli  reflexed  hairs  shorter  than  in  G. 


Grevillea.]  civ.   pkoteace^,  465 

phylicoidcs,  the  tube  scarcely  2  lines  long",  revohite  under  the  ovoid 
limb.  Torus  straig'ht.  Ghmd  very  prominent,  semiannular.  Ovary 
villous,  stipitate  ;  style  villous ;  stig-matic  disk  latcral,  oval,  thick, 
with  a  raised  border,  the  villous  back  scarcely  produced  beyond  the 
disk.— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  309. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Cook's  river  and  George's  river,  It.  Brown;  Liverpool,  LeicJthardt ; 
lllawana,  A.  Cunningliain,  Sheplierd ;  near  Appin,  Backhotise ;  Ashticid,  J^e/-^.  F. 
jHiieUer. 

91.  G.  occidentalis,  i?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Lim.  Soc.  x.  173,  Prod.  378. 
A  loosely  branchcd  shrub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  the  branches  silky-tomentose 
"with  appressed  hairs.  Leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  lanceolate  or  ahiiost 
linear,  with  short  callous  points,  the  margins  revolute,  scabrous- 
punctate  above,  silky  underneath,  |  to  1  in.  long'.  Eacemes  umbel- 
like,  terminal,  shortly  pedunculate  or  rarely  sessile.  Pedicels  0  to  4 
hnes  long-,  shortly  villous.  Perianth  villous  outside,  bearded  inside  in 
the  upper  half  Avith  rellexed  hairs,  the  tube  rather  broad,  fully  2  lines 
long',  revohite  under  the  globular  hmb.  Torus  straight.  Ghmd  semi- 
annuhir.  Ovary  villous,  ver}-  shortly  stipitate  ;  style  villous ;  stig'- 
matic  disk  hiteral,  broadly  orbiciUar,  the  villous  dorsal  centre  not 
reaching"  to  the  marg-in  of  the  disk.  Fruit  ovoid-oblong",  about  ^  in. 
long-. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  539,  ii.  252,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  370. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sonnd  and  adjoining  districts,  E.  Brown,  Druni- 
mond,  2nd  cdl.  n.  270,  Preiss,  n.  713,  and  several  others. 

92.  G.  acerosa,  F.  Mudl.  Fragm.  i.  13G.  A  shrub  of  about  3  ft.  the 
branches  rather  slender  but  rigid,  the  young'  shoots  silky  or  ferrugi- 
nous.  Leaves  sessile,  hnear-terete,  g-rooved  underneath,  rigid  and 
pung-ent-pointed,  ^  to  f  or  rarely  1  in.  long",  giabrous  and  smooth 
when  full  gTown.  Racemes  umbel-hke,  small,  sessile,  terminal  or  in 
axillary  leafy  tufts.  Pedicels  fihform,  1  to  2  Hnes  long-,  villous. 
Perianth  densely  villous,  the  tube  much  revolute,  the  upper  shorter 
seg-ments  scarcely  above  1  Une  long-,  the  Hmb  giobular.  Torus 
straight.  Gland  prominent,  semianmilar.  Ovary  densely  villous, 
very  shortly  stipitate  ;  style  villous  ;  stigmatic  disk  lateral,  oval,  flat 
or  convex,  the  small  stigma  prominent  in  the  centre.  Fruit  4  or  5 
hnes  long'. 

"^V.  Australia,   Drummond,  n.  126;  Salt  river  and  Cape  Knob,  Maxwell. 

93.  G.  umbellulata,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  ii.  252,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  371.  A  shrub  with  rather  slender  virg-ate  branches,  the  young 
shoots  shgiitly  silky-hairy,  the  adidt  foHag-e  giabrous.  Leaves  narrow- 
hnear  or  rarely  hnear-kinceolate,  acute,  with  revolute  margins,  not 
scabrous,  l^  to  3  in.  long',  a  few  floral  ones  much  snialler.  Racemes 
umbel-hke,  numerous,  sessile,  axihary  and  terminah  Pedicels  1  to  2 
hnes  long",  densely  villous  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  densely 
villous  outside,  bearded  inside,  the  tube  scarcely  l^  hnes  long-,  revo- 
lute  under  the  giobuhir  hmb.  Torus  straigiit.  Gland  very  short, 
semiannular.     Ovary  villous,  nearly  sessile ;  style  villous  and  filiform 

VOL.  V.  "  H    H 


4:QQ  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [GrcvUlea. 

to  the  end ;  stig-matic  disk  lateral,  orbiciilar,  flat  with  a  raised  border, 
the  stigma  sessile  or  nearly  so  in  the  centre. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ind  coll.  n.  324 ;  Port  Gregorj,  Oldjield.—Y cry  near 
G.  oxystifjma,  but  tbe  diflferenccs  in  tlie  style  appear  to  be  constant. 

94.  G.  oxystigma,  Meissn.  iii  Pl.  Prciss.  i.  540,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  370.  A  slinib  of  1  to  4  ft.,  the  branches  silky-pubescent  or 
o-hibrous.  Leaves  of  the  main  stems  sometimes  hmceolate  and  1  to  2 
in.  long,  those  of  the  flowering-  branches  linear  or  linear-Umceolate  and 
-^  to  1  in.  long-,  in  other  specimens  all  crowded  appressed  and  under  i 
in.,  all  with  revohite  marg-ins,  glabrous  and  smooth  above,  the  con- 
cealed  under  surface  often  silky.  Racemes  umbel-hke,  numerous,  ter- 
minal  or  on  very  short  axillary  branches.  Pedicels  2  to  4  lines  long-, 
villous  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  villous,  the  tube  about  l^ 
lines  long',  revohite  under  the  globular  hmb.  Torus  straioht.  Gland 
short,  semiannular.  Ovary  villous,  very  shortly  stipitate  ;  style 
villous,  flUform,  the  obhc[uely  clavate  g-hibrous  end  forming-  a  thick 
lateral  orbicular  disk,  with  the  stigma  raised  on  a  prominent  point  in 
the  centre.  Fruit  4  or  5  lines  long-. — Halica  piluliferu,  Lindl.  Swan 
Riv.  App.  36. 

'W.  Australia.  Swan  river  to  King  George's  Sounrl,  Driimmond,  \st  coll.  n.  629, 
Preiss,  n.  710,  714,  715,  716;  Gordon  and  Kalgan  rivers,  Oldfield ;  base  of  Stirling 
Kange,  F.  Mueller. 

Var.  ?  villosa.  Brancbes  densely  villous  ;  adult  lcaves  scabrcnispunctate. — Between 
Swan  river  and  King  George's  Sound,  Harvey  ;  near  Belgarup,  Oldfieid. 

95.  G.  CandoUeana,  3Icissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  541,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  371.  Apparently  a  low  shrub,  with  erect  and  virgate  or  ascend- 
ing'  and  loosely  branched  stems,  the  branches  more  or  less  tomentose. 
Leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  oblong-lanceolate  or  almost  linear,  mucro- 
nate,  Avith  recurved  or  revohite  margins,  |  to  1|  in.  long*  or  smaller  on 
the  side  branches,  glabrous  and  smooth  above  with  a  prominent  mid- 
rib,  white-tomentose  underneath.  Racemes  tmibel-hke,  sessile,  ter- 
minal  and  in  the  upper  axils.  Pedicels  \  to  |  in.  long-,  densely  villous. 
Perianth  densely  villous  with  soft  hairs,  the  tube  much  revohite,  the 
lower  seg"ments  about  2  hnes,  the  upper  scavcrly  1  hne  long'  under  the 
g-lobular  hmb.  Torus  straight.  Gland  siuall.  Ovary  villous  on  a 
short  stipes  ;  style  villous,  elong-ated  ;  stigmatic  disk  hiteral,  produced 
at  the  cnd  into  a  narrow-oblong-  invohite  appendag-e  glabrous  on  the 
back,  the  stig"ma  sessile  on  the  face  near  the  base  of  the  chsk.  Fruit 
obHc|ue,  about  |  in.  long-. 

^V.  Australia.  Swanriver,  Drummond,  \st  coll.n.  628,  Oldfield;  also  Preiss,  n. 
2625  {Mtissner). 

9G.  G.  scabra,  Mci.^isn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  i.  541,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
371.  A  shrul),  aiiparontly  more  rig-id  and  erect  than  G.  CandoUeana, 
the  young-  leaves  and  branches  hirsute  with  scattered  spreading-  hairs. 
Leaves  sessile  and  often  chistered  in  the  axils,  hnear  or  rarely  lanceo- 
late,  mucronate,  the  margins  closely  revohite,  |  to  above  1  in.  hjng-, 
very  scabrous  above  after  the  hairs  have  worn  otf,  the  under  surfkce 


Grcvillca.]  CIV,    PROTEACEi^i.  4G7 

silky-tomentose  biit  usually  concealed.  Racemes  um])el-like,  sessile, 
numerous,  terminal  or  in  the  axillary  tufts.  Pedicels  about  h  in.  long-, 
villons.  Periantli  villous  and  revolute  as  in  G.  CandoUeuna^  but  larg-er, 
the  lower  seg-monts  with  a  claAv  of  3  lines  and  the  concave  lamina  11- 
linos  broad,  the  upper  segments  much  smaller.  Torus  small.  Gland 
scarcelv  prominent.  Ovarv  villous,  on  a  short  stipes.  Style  villous, 
elongated ;  stignnatic  disk  lateral,  shortly  produced  at  the  base  below 
its  insertion  and  at  the  end  forming  an  oblong  involute  appendag-e  like 
that  of  G.  Caadolleana,  but  more  or  less  tomentose  on  tlie  back. 
TV.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  627. 

Sect.  8.  LissosTYLis,  R.  Br. — Racemes  short  and  dense  (exceptin 
G.  YictorUe  and  G.  trachi/thcea).  Perianth-tube  narrow,  revolute  or 
recurved  under  the  limb.  Torus  straight.  Ovary  glabrous,  stipitate. 
Stigmatic  disk  (or  in  2  species  stigmatic  cone)  very  oblique  or  lateral. 

Series  1.  PuNiCEiE. — Flowers  not  numerous  or  loosely  racemose, 
the  perianth  about  J  in,  long-.     Leaves  entire.     Species  all  Eastern. 

The  species  of  this  serles  approach  tho  Eurjrevillea;  of  the  series  Leiogjpim,  but  the 
pcrianth,  although  not  so  small  as  in  the  rest  of  the  section,  has  a  narrower  tnbe,  scavcely 
dilated  below  the  niiddle,  and  tlie  segments  more  equally  separating  than  in  Eugrevillea. 
The  racemes  are  also  scarctdy  if  at  all  secund. 

97.  G.  Miqueliana,  F.  Muell.  in  Trans.  Viet.  Inst.  1855,  132,  and 
in  Hooli.  Kcw  Journ.  viii.  206.  An  erect  shrub,  the  young  branches 
loosely  tomentose  pubescent  or  villous.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  ovate 
or  oval-oblong,  obtuse,  with  or  without  a  small  callous  point,  the  mar- 
g-ins  slightly  recurved,  1|  to  2|  in.  long-,  glabrous  or  minutely  scabrous 
and  veinless  above,  tomentose-j)ubescent  penniveined  and  more  or  less 
reticulate  underneath.  Racemes  short,  dense,  on  very  short  recurved 
terminal  peduncles.  Pedicels  1  to  l^  lines  long-,  densely  pubescent  as 
well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  loosel}'  pubescent  or  villous  outside, 
densely  bearded  inside  about  the  middle,  the  tube  narrow,  7  or  8  lines 
long".  Torus  straig'ht.  Gland  semiannular.  Ovary  glabrous,  shortly 
stipitate  ;  style  not  much  exceeding  the  perianth,  witli  a  large  lateral 
stigmatic  disk.     Fruit  f  in.  long. — Meissn  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  352, 

Victoria.  Upper  valley  of  the  Avon,  Mount  Baw-Baw,  summits  and  higher  regions 
of  Mount  Useful,  sources  of  the  Macalister  river,  &c.,  F.  Mueller. 

98,  G.  brevifolia,  F.  Mucll.  Herh.  A  low  bushy  shrub,  the  branches 
hoary-tomentose.  Leaves  obovate  or  oval,  obtuse,  contracted  into  a 
very  short  petiole,  the  margins  slightly  recurved,  |  to  1;^  in,  long-,  gla- 
brous  sliining  and  veinless  above,  lioary  or  silvery-tomentose  with  the 
midrib  slightly  prominent  undernoath.  Racemes  very  short,  terminal, 
recurved.  Pedicels  1  to  \\  lines  long,  ferruginous-silky  as  well  as  the 
rhachis.  Perianth  of  G.  piinicca  but  rather  larger,  ferruginous-silky 
outside,  densely  bearded  inside  a  little  below  tlie  middle,  the  tube  fully 
7  lines  long,  slightly  dilated  towards  the  base,  incurved  under  the  ob- 
lic|uely  globular  limb.     Torus  straight.     Gland  semiannular,  scarcely 

11  H  2 


4G8  civ.   puoTEACEiE.  [Grci-Ulca. 

prominent.     Ovary  plaLrous,  sliortly  stipitate  ;  style  not  mucli  exceed- 
ing-  tlie  periantli,  witli  a  larg-e  almost  lateral  stigmatic  disk. 

Victoria.  I\rntnit  Tanibo  at  an  elevation  of  5000  ft.,  F.  Mudler.  Included  ty  F. 
IMueller  (Tians.  riiil.  Soc.  Viit.  i.  108,  and  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  viii.205)  in  G.  Victorice, 
liut  it  appears  to  nie  that  both  in  fuliage  and  inflorescence  it  is  nearer  to  G.  Jliqueliana, 
but  distinct  froiu  botli. 

99.  G.  Victoriae,  F.  Mvrll.  in  Trans.  PJril.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  107,  and  in 
Hoolt.  Kcw  Jvurn.  viii.  205.  An  erect  handsome  shrub  of  8  to  12  ft., 
the  branches  softly  tomentose.  Leaves  petiohite,  htnceohite,  broad  or 
narrow,  mostly  acute,  with  recurved  marg-ins,  2  to  4  in.  long-^  g-labrous, 
often  shining  and  prominently  penniveined  above,  silk3'-pubescent  un- 
derneath  with  tlie  midrib  alone  prominent.  Flowers  in  rather  loose 
terminal  racemes  on  short  recurved  peduncles  often  branched,  the 
rhachis  of  each  raceme  ^  to  1  in.  long-,  tomentose.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines 
long'.  Perianth  ferruginous-silky  outside,  bearded  inside  rather  below 
the^middle,  the  tube  7  or  8  lines  long,  slightly  dilated  below  the 
middle,  incurved  under  the  very  obhque  g-lobular  hmb.  Torus 
straig-ht.  Gland  semiannular.  Ovary  glabrous,  stipitate ;  style  not 
much  exceeding-  the  perianth,  with  a  hiteral  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit 
rather  narrow,  about  |  in.  long. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  353. 

Victoria.     Jlount  Aberdeen,  Mount  Latrobe,  Enffalo  Range,  F.  Mueller. 

Var.  ?  leptoneura.  Leaf-veins  nmch  less  proniinent,  tbe  leaves  obtiise,  and  the  peri- 
anth  slender  as  in  G.  punicea,  but  with  the  shorter  style  of  G.  Victorice. — Scurces  of 
the  Genoa  river,  F.  Mueller. 

100.  G.  punicea,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  169,  Prud.  376.  An 
erect  shrub,  the  young-  branches  silky-tomentose.  Leaves  shortly  petio- 
late,  oblong-  elHptical  or  ahnost  oval,  obtuse  witli  a  small  callous  point, 
the  margins  recurved,  all  nnder  1  in.  long-  in  some  specimons,  a  few  ex- 
ceeding  2  in.  in  otliers,  ghibroiis  often  shining-  and  obscurely  penniveined 
above  and  frequently  with  a  prominent  marginal  or  inter-marginal 
nerve,  silvery-silky  or  ferruginous  underneath  with  the  mich'ib  alone 
prominent.  Racemes  very  short,  rather  dense,  ahnost  sessile  at  the  ends 
of  the  branches,  very  spreading  or  recurved.  PecUcels  1  to  2  lines  long', 
tomentose  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  slightly  silky  outside, 
densely  bearded  inside  above  the  middle,  tli<'  tube  narrow,  5  or  6  lines 
long",  revolute  under  the  obliquely  globuiar  limb.  Torus  straig-ht. 
Gland  semiannular,  not  very  prominent.  Ovary  glabrous,  stipitate 
but  scarcely  thicker  than  the  stipes  and  the  long-  style  ;  stig-matic  disk 
very  oblique  or  lateral.  Fruit  |-  in  long. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
354;  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1319;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1357  ;  Reichb.  Icon.  Exot. 
t.  105  ;  Lysanihe  spcciosa,  Knight,  Prot.  118. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  li.  Brown,  Sieler,  n.  31, 
and  sevcral  othcrs. 

101.  G.  oleoides,  Sich.  in  Bocm.  and  Schult.  Sy-^t.  iii.  Mant.  277.  An 
erect  shrub,  closcly  allied  to  G.  ]jiinicca  and  probably  a  variety  only,  witli 
the  same  indumentum  venation  of  leaves  flowers  and  fruit,  but  the  leaves 
are  longer  and  narrower,  2  to  4  in.  long  and  linear  or  lanceolate,  and 


Grevillea.]  civ.   proteace^.  469 

the  racemes  aro  mostly  sessile  in  tlie  axils  of  the  leaves  or  terminatin^ 
verj  short  axinarv  branches. — R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  17  ;  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  353 ;  Reichb.  Icon.  Exot.  t.  104,  G.  Sei/mowue,  Sweet ; 
Meissn.  l.c.  354,  (partly), 

W.  S.  'VITales.  Blue  Monntains  ?  Si''ler.  n.  35  ;  Georc:e'f?  river,  3Iacarthur,  n. 
21-4;  near  Appin,  i?acMo«se;  lllawarra,  ^4.  Cunningham,  Fraser. 

Var.  dimorjDha  Leaves  ratlier  niore  rigiil,  lanceolate  in  sonie  specimens,  linear  in 
others,  racemes  mnre  constantly  axillary  antl  flowers  sometimes  but  not  always  rather 
snialler. — 6^.  dlmorpha,  V.  Mu '11.  iu  Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  21,  and  in  Hook.  Kew 
Journ.  viii.  206;   Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  353. 

Victoria.     Grampians,  Mitchell,  Wilhelmi,  Rohertson,  F.  Mueller. 

102.  G.  trinervis,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  18.  A  low  rig-id  spreading- 
shrub  with  the  habit  of  and  closely  allied  to  G.  jwiiperina,  the  branches 
softly  tomentose.  Leaves  hmceohite  or  linear,  rig-id  and  pungent-pointed, 
with  recurved  or  revohxte  marg-ins,  under  1  in.  long,  g-hibrous  above 
and  prominently  3  nerved,  but  the  Lateral  nerves  sometimes  close  to 
the  marg-in,  silky-tomentose  underneath.  Racemes  short,  dense,  ter- 
minaL  Pedicels  very  short  or  rarely  nearly  2  Hnes  lonfi*.  Perianth 
silky-pubescent  outside,  densely  bearded  inside  about  the  middle,  the 
tube  about  ^  in.  long-,  sHg'htly  dihited  below  the  middle,  revohite  under 
the  g-lobular  Hmb.  Torus  nearly  straig-ht.  Ghmd  semiannuhir,  sHg-htly 
prominent.  Ovary  glabrous,  stipitate  ;  style  rather  long-,  with  a  broad 
lateral  stig-matic  disk  umbonate  in  the  centre. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  3G3. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Argyle  County  and  near  Batlmrst,  Fraser,  Macarthur,  Woolls  ; 
Campden,  Leichhardt ;  Clarence  rivor,  Beclder ;  heads  of  Plastings  and  Macleay  rivers, 
C.  Moore. 

103.  G.  juniperina,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  171,  Prod.  377. 
An  erect  and  bushy  or  spreading-  shrub,  the  branches  softly  tomentose 
or  viUous.  Leaves  very  spreading-,  Hnear-subiUate,  rig-id  and  pung-ent- 
pointed,  with  revoHite  marg-ins,  i  to  |  or  rarely  1  in.  long",  ghibrous  and 
1-nerved  or  rarely  2-nerved  above,  silky-pubescent  underneath.  Ra- 
cemes  very  short,  almost  umbel-Hke,  sessile,  terminah  Pedicels  mostly 
I  to  1  Hne  long-.  Perianth  silky-pubescent  outside,  bearded  inside  about 
the  middle,  usually  pale  yeHow  and  g-reen  but  often  more  or  less  ting-ed 
with  red,  the  tube  5  to  0  Hnes  long-,  sHg-htly  dilated  below  the  middle, 
revohite  under  the  g-lobuhir  Hmb.  Torus  nearly  straig-ht.  Gland  semi- 
annuhar,  sHg-htly  prominent.  Ovary  g'hibrous,  stipitate ;  style  rather 
long-,  with  a  broad  ahiiost  hiteral  stig-matic  disk.  Fnut  about  4  Hnes 
long'. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  363;  Guillem.  Ic.  Ph  Austrah  t.  8; 
Bot.  Reg-.  t.  1089  ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1003. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mouiitains,  E.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  34,  and 
others  (all  with  the  perianth  more  or  less  tinged  witli  red). 

Var.  sulphurea.  Perianth  withont  anv  or  scai-cely  any  red  tint.  —  G  sidphurea,  A. 
Cnnn.  in  biehl,  N.  S.  Wales,  329 ;  R.  Br.,  Prot.  Nov.  17;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
3G2;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1723;  G.  aciphiUa,  Sieb.  Pl.  Exs.;  G.  acicularit,  Eoem. 
and  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  I\Iant.  278 ;  G.  acifolia,  Spreng.  Syst.  Cur.  Post.  46.— Blue 
Mountains?  Sieher,  n.  28  ;  Cox's  river,  A.  Cunningham,  Fraser ;  Berrima,  Macarthur ; 
oa  the  Murrumbidgee,  Woolls. 


470  civ.   PROTEACEai:.  [Grevillea. 

The  piiik  and  tlie  yellow-flowered  speciiuens  are  not  Jistinguishable  wben  dry,  and 
Ihe  red  tinge  appears  to  be  very  variable. 

Series  C.  Serice.e. — Flowers  numerous  in  short  dense  racemes, 
Periantli-tube  under  i  lines  long.    Leaves  entire.    Species  all  Eastern. 

104.  G.  sericea,  7?.  Br.  in  Tram.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  170,  Prod.  3?G.  An 
erect  spreading-  or  ditfuse  slindj,  tlie  branches  rather  slender,  silky- 
pubescent  and  often  ang-ukir  when  young-.  Leaves  very  shortly  petio- 
late,  oblong--lanceokite  or  almost  linear,  mucronate,  with  recurved  mar- 
gins,  h  to  1  in.  long",  or  twice  as  long-  when  narrow,  g-labrous  or  spar- 
ingly  silky  above  and  more  or  less  distinctly  penniveined,  closely  silky- 
tomentose  underneath  with  the  midrib  aloneprominent.  Racemes  very 
dense,  rather  short,  on  short  terminal  peduncles.  Pedicels  i  to  li  lines 
long-.  Perianth  more  or  less  pink,  silky-pubescent  outside,  densely 
bearded  inside  about  the  middle,  the  tube  2  to  nearly  4  lines  long-, 
slig-htly  dilated  below  the  middle,  revolute  under  the  small  globular 
limb.  Torus  straight.  Glaud  semiannular,  entire  or  2-lobed.  Ovary 
g-labrous,  stipitate  ;  style  rather  long-,  slender,  with  a  larg-e  lateral  stig-- 
matic  disk  Fruit  about  h  iu.  long-. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  354; 
Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  880  ;  Reichb.  Ic.  et  Descr.  Pl.  t.  76  ;  Emhothrium 
sericeirm,  Sm.  Specim.  Bot.  ISov.  Holl.  25,  t.  9 ;  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  lOO ; 
Embothrinm  cytisoides  Cav.  Ic.  iv.  60,  t.  386 ;  Grevillea  dubia,  R.  Br.  in 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  169,  Prod.  376 ;  Meissn.  l.c. ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3798 ; 
Lysunthe  sericea  and  L.  cijtisifoUa,  Knig-ht,  Prot.  118,  119. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountaiiis,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  38,  and 
many  others. 

Var.  diffusa.  Leaves  narrow,  branches  scarcely  angular.  —  G.  diffusa,  Rieb.  in 
Eoeni.  aiid  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Waiit.  279,  and  in  Spreng"  Syst.  Cur.  Po.-,t.  4() ;  R.  Br. 
Prot.  Nov.  17;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  Soo. — Port  Jackson  or  Blue  Mountaiiis, 
Sieher,  n.  36.  Tiiis  seems  to  me  scarcely  to  forni  a  distinct  variety.  G.  'platiifolia, 
Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1737,  referred  by  Meissner  to  G.  Seymuuriit,  seems  to  me  from  the 
figiire  to  be  a  narrow-ieaved  specimen  of  G.  sericea,  with  darkercoloured  tiowers. 

The  perianth  in  tliis  species  is  rather  less  slender  thaii  iii  tlie  following  ones,  and 
connectti  them  witli  G.  punicea. 

105.  G.  capitellata,  Meissn.  in  BC.  Prod.  xiv.  356.  A  low  spread- 
ing  shrub,  the  young-  biaaches  densely  pubescent  or  villous.  Leaves 
very  shortly  petiolate,  oblong--lanceolate  or  almost  linear,  obtuse  or 
with  a  calious  ])oint,  the  margins  revolute,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  glabrous 
above  and  distautly  jienniveined,  silky-tomentose  or  villous  uuderneath. 
Racemes  short,  very  dense,  shortly  pedunculate,  terminal.  Pedicels 
very  .-;hort,  villous  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  densely  villous 
outside,  bearded  inside  about  the  middle,  the  tube  sleuder,  2  to^^^i  lines 
long-,  recurved  ouly  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  straight.  Gland 
semiannular.  Ovary  g-labrous,  stipitate ;  style  not  very  Tong-,  with  a 
larg-e  lateral  stigmatic  disk. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Blawarra,  A.  Cunningham,  Shepherd. — Very  near  the  var.  diffu.sa 
of  G.  sericea,  but  inoic  villous,  the  leaves  longer  aud  more  veined,  and  the  pcrianth 
smaller  and  more  fcleiider. 


GreviUca.]  civ.   protkace^.  471 

lOG.  G.  leiophylla,  F.  Jfiidl.  Ilcrh.  Stems  iu  all  tlie  specimens 
seen  erect  from  a  thick  rhizome,  simple  or  branched,  scarcely  above  1 
ft.  hig-h,  the  whole  phmt  except  tlie  inlioresceuce  giabrous  or  sprinkled 
with  a  fevv  rare  uppressed  hairs.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-hiuceohite, 
mucronate-acute,  shortly  contracted  at  the  base,  1  to  near  2  in.  long-, 
with  reciirved  or  revolute  marg-ins  or  quite  llat,  g-reen  on  both  sides, 
veiuless  except  the  promineut  midrib,  Inlloresceuce  of  P.  Unearis,  the 
flowers  rather  smaller  but  of  the  same  structure,  and  with  the  same 
douse  tuft  uf  hairs  in  the  periauth-tube. 

Queensland.  Glassliouse  langes,  Moreton  Baj',  F.  Mueller,  and  probalily  from  tlie 
same  neiiihbourliootl,  Leichhardt.  1  liave  been  unable  to  ascertaiu  whetber  F.  Jlueller 
has  published  this  species,  or  whether  he  subsequently  cousiJered  it  as  au  outlying 
vaiiety  of  (?.  Unearis. 

107.  G.  linearis,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  170,  Prod.  376.  An 
erect  or  spreading-  shrub  attaining-  5  or  6  ft.,  the  brauches  and  young' 
shoots  minutely  silk^^-pubescent.  Leaves  linear  or  rarely  liuear- 
lauceohite,  acute,  with  revolute  marg-ins,  contracted  at  the  base  and 
sometimes  shortly  petiohite,  1  to  1|  in.  loug-  and  spreading-  iu  some 
specimens,  in  others  more  rigid  narrow  aud  '2  to  8  iu.  loug-,  g'labrous 
above,  silk3'-tomeutose  uuderueath,  the  midrib  alwa^^s  prominont  under- 
neath  aud  sometimes  ou  both  sides.  Flowers  small,  in  short  dense 
somewhat  secuud  racemes,  sessile  or  pedunculate  at  the  ends  of  the 
branihos  or  in  the  upper  axils.  Pedicels  1  to  2  liues  loug-,  silky- 
tomentose  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Periauth  silky-pubescent  outside, 
densely  bearded  inside  about  the  middle,  the  tube  slender,  2i  to  near 
3  lines  long-,  revolute  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland 
semiannular,  scarcely  promiueut.  Ovary  g-labrous,  stipitate ;  style 
filiform,  but  little  exceediug-  the  periauth,  with  a  very  oblique  or  lateral 
stig-matic  disk. — Meissu.  iu  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  355 ;  I3ot.  Mag-.  t.  2GG1 ; 
Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  50,  858 ;  Reichb.  Ic.  et  Descr.  Pl.  t.  7Q ;  Enibothrium 
lineare,  Audr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  272  ;  F.  UnearifuUum,  Cav.  Ic.  iv.  59,  t.  38G  ; 
Lysanthc  UnariafaUa,  Kuvj;h.t,  Prot.  119;  GrcviUca  riparia,  R.  Br.  in 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  170,  Prod.  377;  Meissn.  l.c.  355;  G.  stricta,  H. 
Br.  11.  cc. ;  Meissu.  l.c.  35G. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountaius,  B.  Broion,  Sicher,  n.  30, 
and  niau}-  others.  R.  Browu's  three  species,  judging  from  his  owu  specimens  only, 
difter  considerably  in  the  length,  breadth,  more  or  less  revolute  margins  and  rigidity  of 
the  leaves,  but  in  the  nuraerous  other  speciraens  before  me  pass  so  gradually  one  into 
the  othcr  that  I  have  been  uuable  to  surt  them  iuto  distiuct  varieties.  Eudlicher'.s 
figure  of  G.  riparia,  lconogr.  t.  33,  represeuts  the  fiowers  rather  larger  and  more  secuud 
thau  I  have  usually  fouiid  them.  The  few  short  hairs  near  the  summit  of  the  style 
coramented  upou  by  Meissner,  occur  occasionally  iu  this  and  in  several  of  the  allied 
species. 

108.  G.  confertifolia,  F.  MncU.  in  Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  Vict.  i.  22,  and 
in  liooh.  Kcw  Journ.  viii.  207.  A  rigid  spreading*  shrub,  the  young' 
slioots  minutely  silky-pubesceut.  Leaves  often  crowded,  narrow-linear, 
rigid,  mucronate  aud  ofteu  pungent-])oiuted,  with  revolute  margins, 
I  to  l^  iu.  loug-,  more  or  less  distinctly  3-uerved  above,  the  midrib  very 


472  civ.    PROTEACEiE.  [GrcviUva. 

promincnt  nndernoiitli.  Racpnies  short,  donse,  somewliat  seciind, 
sessile,  terminal.  Pedicels  about  2  lines  long-,  silky-pubescent  as  well 
as  the  rliachis.  Perianth  silkv-pubescent  outside,  bearded  inside  about 
the  middle  with  a  tuft  of  redexed  liairs,  tlie  tube  slender,  2  to  2^  lines 
long-,  revolute  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  straig'ht.  Gland  semi- 
annular,  sli<ilitly  prominent.  Ovary  giabrous,  stipitate ;  stvle  not 
much  exceeding-  the  perianth,  with  a  very  oblique  or  lateral  stig-matic 
disk. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod,  xiv.  3G8. 

Victoria.  Snmmitsof  Jlount  William  in  the  Orampians,  Wilhelmi,  F.  Mxieller  — 
Very  near  G.  linenris  auJ  G.  parcijiora,  wiiU  tlie  flowers  of  the  former  ancl  the  leaves 
nearly  of  the  hitter. 

109.  G.  parviflora,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linti.  Soc.  x.  171,  Prod.  S77. 
An  erect  busln^  shrub  of  3  to  6  ft.,  the  branches  and  young-  shoots 
minutely  pubescent,  the  foliag-e  giabrous  or  sprinkled  with  a  few  silky 
hairs.  Leaves  ver}^  narrow  linear,  acute,  with  revolute  margins,  |  to 
Ih  in.  long',  doubly  g-rooved  underneath  by  the  prominence  of  the 
midrib  and  margins.  Flow^ers  small,  in  very  short  umbel-Iike  racemes 
shortly  pedunculate  and  mostly  terminal.  Pedicels  li  to  2  lines  long-, 
silky-])ubcscent  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth  silky-pubcscent  out- 
side,  very  minutely  or  scarcely  bearded  insule,  the  tube  slender,  about 
1|  lines  long-,  revolute  under  the  giobular  limb.  Torus  straight.  Gland 
scarcely  prominent.  Ovary  giabrous,  shortly  stipitate.  Style  filiform, 
scarcely  exceeding-  the  perianth  ;  stig'raatic  disk  very  oblique  or  lateral. 
Fruit  l  to  h  in.  long-. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  36?  ;  G.  micrantha, 
Meissu.  in  Linucea,  xxvi.  358,  and  in  DC.  l.c. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown ;  ILawarra,  ShejjJierd ;  Camdcn, 
Leicrduirdt. 

Victoria.  IMitta-Mitta,  upper  branches  of  the  Genoa  river,  F.  Mueller ;  Skipton 
anil  Creswick,  Wlian ;  Portlancl,  Eohertnon. 

Var.  (iciiaria,  F.  Muell.     Leaves  shorter  and  more  rigid. 

S.  Australia.     Kangaroo  Island,  Waterhouse. 

110.  G.  australis,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  171,  Prod.  377. 
A  much-branched  shrub  sometimes  erect  and  3  or  4  ft.  higii,  sometimes 
very  spreading-  and  under  1  ft.,  or  prostrate  and  clinging-  to  rocks,  the 
branches  and  young-  shoots  minutely  pubescent.  Leaves  linear  or  rarelv 
oblong-,  with  rigid  often  pungent  points,  the  margins  eitlier  closel}'  re- 
volute  concealing-  the  under  surface  or  recurved  only,  contracted  at  the 
base  but  scarcely  petiolate,  from  under  i  in.  to  nearly  1  in.  long-,  gia- 
brous  above,  the  under  surface  when  exposed  more  or  less  silky-tomen- 
tose.  Flowers  small,  in  short  umbel-Iike  racemes,  sessile  or  shortly 
pedunculate,  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils.  Pedicels  h  to  1  line  long- 
in  llower,  rarely  2  lines  long*  in  fruit,  tomentose  as  well  as  the  rhachis. 
Perianth  silky-pubescent  outside,  shortly  bearded  inside,  the  tube 
slender,  scarcely  exceeding-  2  lines,  recurved  under  the  giobular  limb. 
Torus  straigiit.  Gland  scarcely  prominent.  Ovary  giabrous,  shortly 
stipitate ;  style  filiform,  scarcely  exceeding-  the  perianth,  thickened 
under  the  very  oblique  stig-matic  disk.     Fruit  elli])soid  or  ovoid,  ^  to  i^ 


Greoillea.]  Civ.    proteace.e.  473 

in.  lono-._Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  359 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  322  ; 
G.  teHi/iJblia,  K.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  171,  Prod.  377. 

Victoria.  SoiiiTes  of  tlie  Yarra,  Baw-l«iw,  Haidinger  aiid  Cobra  ranges,  Mount 
"\Vi"llin<;ton,  ascemling  to  OdOO  ft.,  F.  MueUer ;  Torlland,  Allitt. 

Tasmania.  Derwent  river  and  Port  Dalrvmple,  B.Broiun;  abnndant  tliroughout 
the  coion y,  asccntling  to  4000  it.,  /.  D.  Hooizcr. 

J.  D.  Hookcr  lias  carefully  distitiguished  seven  Tasmanian  varieties  according  to 
the  erect,  spreading  or  prostrate  habit,  and  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  leaves,  the 
Ip.ttcr  charactcr  dcpcnding  however  oltcn  on  the  degree  in  wliich  the  niargins  iiave 
become  revoiute  in  drying.  The  niost  remarkable  variety  is  the  planifJia,  Hoolv.  f,  in 
■which  the  leaves  are  4  to  |  in  long  and  1  to  2  iines  broad,  with  the  midrib  prominent  above, 
although  as  in  all  other  fornis  scarcely  couspicuous  underneath.  G.  tStuartii,  Meissn. 
in  Linnrea  xxvi.  357,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  355,  appears  to  me  to  be  a  very  luxuriant 
form  of  the  \a,\\e\y  planifolia,  with  the  leaves  l^  in.  long,  lilce  those  of  some  specimens 
of  0.  linearis,  but  with  smaller  flowers,  and  the  midrib  not  prominent  underneath. 

Series  3.  OcciBENTALEs. — Flowers  mimerous  in  dense  racemes  or 
lieads.  Periantli-tiibe  nnder  4  lines  long-.  Leaves  entire  or  divided. 
Fruit  usually  (but  not  always)  rug-ose  or  tuberculate.    Western  species. 

111.  G.  commutata,  F.  Mvell.  Fragm.  vi.  207.  A  sprending-  sbrub 
of  4  to  12  ft.  tbe  young"  sboots  minutely  silky-tomentose  or  ferrug-inous. 
Leaves  bnear,  sometimes  ratber  broad  or  bnear-cuneate,  entire  or  very 
rarely  2-  or  3-tootbed,  witb  revolute  margins,  lito  3  in.  long',  g-bibrous 
and  smootb  above,  silky  or  ferruginous  underneatb.  Racemes  dense, 
sbort  or  oblong-,  on  peduncles  of  |  to  1  in.,  usually  several  tog-etber  in 
a  sbort  terminal  panicle.  Pedicels  1  to  l^  lines  long-,  pubescent  as  well 
as  tbe  rliacbis.  Periantb  silky-pubescent  outside,  bearded  inside  witb 
a  ring"  of  bairs  about  tbe  middle,  tbe  tube  slender,  about  2  Hnes  long-, 
revolute  under  tbe  globular  Hmb.  Torus  straigbt.  Gland  scarcely 
prominent.  (Jvary  glabrous,  on  a  sbort  stipes  ;  style  fibform  ;  stigmatic 
disk  very  oblirpie  or  lateral.     Fruit  rug'ose. 

W.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  OlJfield. 

112.  G.  pinnatisecta,  F.  Mi/eU.  Young-  sboots  silky-pubescent. 
Leaves  variously  divided  into  narrow-bnear  segments,  very  rarely 
linear-lanceobite  and  entire,  glabrous  and  smootb  above,  tbe  midrib  antl 
revolute  marg-ins  prominent  underneatb,  silky-pubescent  between  tbem 
Avben  broad  enougli  to  expose  tbe  under  stu^face,  tbe  wbole  leaf  from 
imder  2  in.  to  nearly  G  in.  long-.  Racemes  sbort  and  dense,  on  sbort 
terminal  often  brancbed  peduncles,  tbe  rbacbis  tomentose.  Pedicels  1 
to  2  bnes  long-,  silkA^-pubescent.  Periantb  silk^^-pubescent  outside, 
bearded  inside  witb  a  ring-  of  bairs  about  tbe  middle,  tbe  tube  slender, 
not  2  bnes  long-,  revobite  under  tbe  small  globular  bmb.  Torus 
straig-bt.  Gland  prominent,  semiannular.  Ovary  glabrous,  on  a  ratber 
long-  stipes ;  style  fibform,  witb  a  very  oblique  or  lateral  stigmatic  disk. 
Fruit  oblong-,  sHgbtly  rugose,  4  to  5  Hnes  long-. 

TV.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Murcliison  rivers,  Drummond,  Mh  coll.  v. 
184.  JMeissner,  who  had  only  secn  the  fruiling  specimens,  includcd  theui  in  his  G. 
Hooleriana,  which  dificrs  however  widcly  in  the  perianth,  the  villons  ovary,  &c.  F. 
Mueller,  Fragm.  vi.  208,  thinlvs  they  may  form  a  varicty  only  of  (?.  commutata. 


4:74:  civ.   PROTEACE^E.  [GnvUlea. 

113.  G.  argyrophylla,  Mcissn.  in  Ilouh.  Kcw  Juvrn.  vii.  75,  and  in 
DC.  Prud.  xiv.  807.  A  slirub,  probably  tall,  nearly  allied  to  G.  divcrsi- 
fuliu,  biit  •\vith  a  more  silvery  aspect,  more  obtuse  leaves  and  more  p'lo- 
bular  racemes.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong--cuneate,  obtuse  or  with  a 
small  callous  point,  entire  or  shortly  and  obtusely  2-lol)ed,  tapering- 
into  a  short  potiole,  1  to  \h  in.  lonp-,  o'hibrous  and  veined  above,  more 
or  less  silvery-silky  undcrneath.  Racemes  numerous,  small,  nearly 
globular,  on  iiliibrm  axillary  peduncles.  Flowers  small,  crowded  on 
the  very  short  pubescent  rhachis.  Pedicels  scarccly  1  line  long*.  Pe- 
rianth  pubescent  with  appressed  hairs,  the  tube  slender,  aboiit  1  line 
long',  revolute  under  the  giobular  limb,  Torus  straigiit.  Gland  broad, 
semicircular.  Ovar}'  giabrous,  shortly  stipitate  ;  style  filiform,  with  an 
orbicular  oblique  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  about  4  lines  long-,  more  or 
less  rugose. 

W.  Australia.     Murchison  rivcr,  Ohlfeld,  Drummond,  Gth  coll.  n.  179. 

114.  G.  brachystachya,  Jlcis.m.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  ii.  l?o-l-,  and  in  DC. 
Prud.  xiv.  '^QQ.  liranches  virgate,  the  young  ones  hoary-pubescent 
and  often  angular,  the  foliage  giabrous  or  sprinkled  with  minute  ap- 
pressed  hairs.  Leaves  erect,  narrow-linear,  thick  and  rigid,  smootli 
above,  doubly  g-rooved  underneath  by  the  very  prominent  midrib  and 
revolute  marg-ins,  2  to  4  in.  long.  Racemes  very  short  and  dense, 
terminal,  almost  sessile,  the  rhachis  villous.  Pedicels  hirsute,  about  2 
lines  long-.  Perianth  more  or  less  pubescent,  especially  the  limb,  with 
spreading-  giandular  hairs,  the  tube  slender,  scarcely  3  lines  long-,  re- 
curved  under  the  giobular  limb.  Torus  straight,  without  any  giand. 
Ovary  giubrous,  on  a  rather  long  stipes;  style  iiliform  Avith  a  lateral 
orbicular  stigmatic  disk.     Fruit  |  in.  long-,  smooth. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  319;  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 

115.  G.  Endlicheriana,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  646,  a7id  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  356.  An  erect  shrub  attaining-  7  ft.,  with  virg-ate  branches,  silky 
when  young-,  but  soon  giabrous.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate, 
the  point  often  recurved,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  the  lower  ones  2 
to  4  in.  long-,  those  on  the  side  shoots  and  the  tioral  ones  much  reduced 
and  often  distant,  ilat  or  with  recurved  margins,  silvery-silky  on  botli 
sides,  the  midrib  sligiitly  prominent  above,  inconspicuous  underneath, 
tlie  u])per  leaves  sometimes  almost  terete.  Kacemes  dense,  oblong-,  ^ 
to  I  in.  long,  shortly  pedunculate,  terminal  or  in  the  axils  of  short  or 
almost  abortive  iloral  leaves.  Bracts  imbricate  on  the  young  buds  but 
falling-  away  very  earh'.  Pedicels  under  1  line  long.  Perianth  gia- 
brous  outside,  slightly  villous  inside,  tlie  tube  about  2  lines  long-, 
slender  as  in  others  of  this  section  but  opening  only  on  the  lower  side  as 
in  EuiircviUca,  revolute  under  the  giobular  limb.  Torus  straight.  Gland 
semiannular.  Ovary  giabrous,  stipitate  ;  style  long-,  iiliform,  with  an 
oblique  orbicular  stig-matic  disk. 

W.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  G30,  Pra^s,  n.  698,  Oldjleld. 


Grevillea.]  civ,   rROTEACE.E.  475 

116.  G.  manglesioides,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Prtis.t.  i.  547,  ii.  255,  and 
in  DC.  Prud.  xiv.  oi()8.  A  loosely-branclied  slirub  attaining-  8  ft.,  the 
young-  sboots  silky-ferrug-inous.  Leaves  eitlier  entire  and  from  lanceo- 
late  to  obovate-oblong-,  or  cuneate  and  8-  or  5-toothed  or  lobed  at  tbe 
end,  tbe  teetb  or  lobes  niucronate,  contracted  into  a  sbort  petiole  or 
nearlv  sessile,  1  to  li  in.  long"  and  sometimes  nearly  as  broad  wben 
lobed,  <>bibrous  and  veined  above,  more  or  less  silky  or  ferrug-inous 
underneatb.  Kacemes  terminal  or  on  short  axiKary  shoots,  peduncu- 
late  or  nearly  sessile,  the  llowers  crowd-^d  on  a  tomentose  rhachis  of 
about  h  in.  and  usually  secund.  PecUcels  slender,  about  1  line  long*. 
Periantb  nearly  glal)rous  outside,  bearded  inside  above  tbe  middle,  the 
tube  slender,  about  2  lines  long-,  revolute  under  the  small  g-lobular  limb. 
Torus  straig-ht.  Ghmd  semiannuhir.  Ovary  g-hxbrous,  stipitate ;  style 
fiHform,  with  an  obhcjue  or  lateral  orbicuhxr  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  about 
^  in.  long-,  slig-btly  tuberculate-rug'ose. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  317,  318,  ayidsuppl.n.  11;  Vasse  river, 
Preiss,  n.  120  ;    Blackwood  river,  Walcott. 

Var.?  angustisslma.  Leaves  narrow-linear,  2  iii.  long  or  more,  ferniginous  or  silky 
underneath.     Pedicels  ratlier  longer.     Flowers  tlie  same. — W.  Austialia,  Drummond. 

117.  G.  diversifolia,  BTeissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  i.  647,  ii.  255,  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  368.  A  tall  shrub  attaining-  sometimes  12  ft.,  quite  g-labrous  or 
with  a  very  slig-bt  pubescence  on  the  young"  shoots  and  inllorescence. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  mucronate-acute,  the  margins  revo- 
lute,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole  or  nearly  sessile,  \h  to  2^  in.  long, 
entire  or  with  2  or  3  divaricate  lobes  at  the  end,  giabrous  on  botb  sides, 
1-  or  3-nerved.  Racemes  very  short  and  dense,  nearly  sessile  or  on 
slender  peduncles,  mostly  axillary,  the  rhacbis  nearly  glabrous  and 
rarely  2  lines  long*.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long'.  Perianth  slightly 
silky-pubescent  outside,  bearded  inside  below  the  middle,  tbe  tube 
slender,  scarcely  above  1  line  long-,  revolute  under  the  giobular  limb. 
Torus  straigiit.  Gland  small,  semiannular.  Ovary  giabrous,  very 
shortly  stipitate;  style  filiform,  witli  an  orbicular  very  oblique  or 
lateral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  above  ^  in.  long-,  smooth  or  slightly 
tuberculate. 

Vr.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  316,  suppl.  n.  55,  56  ;  Vasse  river,  Preiss, 
n.  697  ;  Stirling  ranges,  Maxwell. 

Var.?  riyida,  Meissn.  Leaves  shorter  and  more  rigid,  sliglitly  silky  underneath. 
riowers  not  seen.  Fruit  very  rugose.  Perhaps  a  distinct  species. — W.  Australia, 
Drummond,  \st  coll.  4th  coll.  n.  286. 

118.  G.  filifolia,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  547,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
365.  Branches  slender,  at  leng-th  giabrous.  Leaves  semiterete,  filiform, 
4  to  6  in.  long',  not  rigid,  hooked  at  the  end,  silky,  nerveless,  obscurely 
grooved  above  or  nearly  Hat.  Racemes  terminal  or  axillary,  peduncu- 
late,  short  and  dense.  Pedicels  2  lines  long",  giabrous.  Perianth  about 
2  lines  long-,  giabrous  outside,  bearded  inside.  Gland  prominent,  semi- 
annular.  Ovary  giabrous,  stipitate ;  style  filiform,  with  an  oval  lateral 
sti"matic  disk. 


476  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [GrcvUlea. 

W.  Australia,  Preiss,  n.  G99.  I  liave  not  seen  this  species.  From  tlie  siliove 
clianutcr  takeii  froiii  Meissiier  it  appears  to  difler  froin  G.  hakeoides  cbiefly  in  its  niucli 
longer  It-aves. 

110.  G.  hakeoides,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  ii.  252,  and  iti  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  3Go.  A  Imsliy  slirul)  with  the  habit  of  the  slender  terete-leaved 
Hahcrf,  the  yoiinj^-  shoots  minutely  silky-pubescent,  tlie  older  foliaLie 
glabrous.  Leaves  linear-terete,  rio'id  but  slender,  slij.;'htly  gTooved, 
not  ])uno'ont,  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Flowers  very  small,  in  very  siiort  dense 
racemes  either  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  the  rhachis  pubescent. 
Pedicels  1  to  l.V  lines  long-.  Perianth  gdabrous  inside  and  out,  scarcely 
l^  lines  long-,  the  tube  slender,  revolute  iinder  tlie  g-lobular  limb.  Torus 
straiglit.  Gland  semiannnlar,  prominent.  Ovtiry  g-labrous,  shortly 
stipitate  ;  style  liliform,  with  u  very  oblique  or  lateral  orbicular  stig-matic 
disk.     Fruit  3  to  4  lines  loug",  rug-ose. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  325,  326. 

120.  G.  teretifolia,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  ii.  255,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  373.  A  rigid  shrub,  quite  g-labrous  or  the  young-  branches  mi- 
nutely  pubescent.  Leaves  linear-terete,  mostly  3-lid  witli  the  lateral 
branclies  ag-ain  trifid  or  bifid,  the  seg-ments  rig-id,  pung-ent-pointed, 
sing'ly  or  doubly  gTooved,  from  3  or  4  lines  to  1  in.  long-,  the  common 
petiole  about  as  long-  as  the  branches  or  segments.  Racemes  very 
short  and  dense,  terminal  or  on  short  axillary  shoots,  sessile  or  nearly 
so,  the  whole  inflorescence  as  well  as  the  flowers  g-labrous  or  sprinkled 
with  a  few  appressed  hairs.  Pedicels  1  to  li  lines  long'.  Perianth 
scarcely  above  2  lines  long-,  shortly  bearded  inside  above  the  mitldle, 
the  tube  slender,  revolute  under  the  obliquely  globular  limb.  Torus 
straig'ht.  Gland  semiannular.  Ovary  g-labrous,  on  a  rather  long'  stipes  ; 
style  flliform,  witli  an  orbicular  lateral  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  (if  correctly 
matched)  3  to  4  lines  long',  rug"ose. 

\ir.  Australia,  Drummond,  Srd  coll.  n.  271  (in  flower),  Baxter  (in  fruit).  The 
foliage  is  tiiat  of  U.  triteruata  and  of  G.  anethifolia,  but  the  flowers  are  very  different 
froni  thosc  of  either  specics.  Baxter's  frniting  speciraen  appears  to  conespond  witli 
the  one  whicii  Brown  referred  to  G.  anetliifolia,  but  in  tliat  tliere  was  probabiy  some 
mistake,  as  Baxtcr  did  not  collect  in  tiie  interior  of  N.  S.  Wales. 

121.  G.  erynsioides,  Bcnfh.  A  rigid  stout  undershrub  or  shrub, 
the  foliag-e  and  loafy  jtart  of  the  stern  glabrous  and  very  g-laucous. 
Leaves  deeply  pinnatifid,  with  few  obovate  or  oblong-  lobes  broadlv 
decurrent  on  the  rhachis  and  to  the  base  of  the  potiole,  all  obtuse  or 
with  a  callous  point,  undulate  and  penniveined,  the  Avhole  letif  usuallv 
8  to  5  in.  long-.  Upper  j)art  of  the  branches  erect,  leafless,  sometime^s 
above  1  ft.  long-,  bearing-  several  oblong-  or  cylindrical  dense  racemes 
of  f  to  1  in.,  on  peduncles  of  sevoral  inches,  usually  tomentose-pubes- 
cent  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Bracts  broadly  ovate,  membranous  and 
colourod,  falling-  oft"  shortly  before  the  flowors  expand.     Pedicels  about 

1  line  long-.     Poriantli  g-labrous  inside  and  out,  the  tube  slonder,  abuut 

2  lines  long-,  revoluto  under  tho  larg-e  vory  oblique  limb.     Torus  straight. 
Gland  semiannular,  but  scarcelv  prominent.     Ovarv  ii-labrous,  on  a  lone: 


Grevillcn.]  civ.  PROTEACEiE.  477 

stipes  ;  style  filiforni,  somewhat   thickened  under  the  orbicular  lateral 
stiymatic  disk. 

\V.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  16.  The  foliage  of  tliis  specics  bears  biit  little 
reseuiblaiite  to  tliat  of  aiiy  other  Proteaceous  phmt. 

122.  G.  bracteosa,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  ii.  25'1,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
366.  Branches  eh)ng-ated,  pubescent  with  short  apj^ressed  liairs  when 
young-,  the  adult  tbbag^e  glabrous.  Leaves  distant  or  here  and  there 
crowded,  very  narrow-linear,  entire  or  deeply  divided  into  3  seg"ments, 
rigid  but  not  pungent,  doubly  grooved  underneath,  1  to  3  in.  long-. 
Racemes  very  short  or  oblong,  dense,  peduncuhUe,  terminal  or  along' 
ahnost  leatless  llowering  branches.  Bi-acts  hirg-e,  membranous,  coloured, 
but  falling-  off  before  the  llowers  expand.  Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long-. 
Perianth  ghibrous,  3  lines  long-  but  very  much  revolute,  the  upper 
seg"ments  much  shorter.  Torus  straight.  Gland  sHghtly  prominent, 
semiannuhir.  Ovary  glabrous,  on  a  long*  stipes  ;  style  filiform,  shghtly 
thickened  under  the  very  oblic|ue  or  hiteral  stigmatic  disk, 

W.  Australia,   Drummond,  Zrdcoll.  n.  269. 

123.  G.  crithmifolia,  B.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  23.  A  bushy  shrub  of  1 
to  4  ft.,  the  branches  softly  tomentose-pubescent,  the  foliag-e  sprinkled 
Avith  a  few  hairs  or  at  length  glabrous.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  narrow- 
linear,  pinnately  divided  into  3  to  5  segments  on  a  short  common 
petiole  or  here  and  there  entire,  obtuse  or  scarcely  acute,  thick  but  flat, 
doubly  g-rooved  underneath,  the  whole  leaf  usiuilly  under  1  in,  long-, 
Racemes  very  short  and  dense,  sessile,  terminal  or  on  very  short  axil- 
hiry  branches,  surrounded  usually  by  a  few  imbricate  very  deciduous 
bracts  as  in  Halica,  the  rhachis  villous.  Pedicels  ghibrous,  2  to  4  hnes 
long'.  Perianth  glabrous,  scarcely  2  lines  long",  the  tube  slender,  revo- 
lute  under  tbe  globuhir  Hmb.  Torus  straight.  Ghmd  more  than  semi- 
annular  with  a  smaH  free  one  at  the  back  of  the  stipes.  Ovary  ghibrous, 
on  a  long"  stipes  ;  style  HHform ;  stigmatic  disk  very  obHc|ue,  conical  in 
the  centre.  Fruit  ovoid,  tubercuhir  and  muricate,  |-  Hne  long-. — 
Meissn.  in  Ph  Preiss.  i.  544  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  387;  G.  Sternhergiana, 
HortuL  (Meissn.). 

TV.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  625,  Preiss,  n.  599, 
690,  and  others. 

124.  G  .  trachytheca,  F.  Macll.  Frar/m.  vi.  207.  A  tall  shrub  at- 
taining  8  to  10  ft.,  the  young-  branches  densely  clothed  with  a  soft 
fulvous  tomentum.  Leaves  sessile,  narrow-Hnear,  mucronate-acute, 
entire  or  3-lobed,  f  to  1|  in.  long-,  rather  thick,  smootli  above,  doubly 
gTooved  underneath.  Racemes  cyHndrical,  terminal,  not  dense,  IJ  to 
3  in.  long,  the  Hnear  bracts  sometimes  persisting  tiU  the  flowers  are 
nearly  out,  the  rhachis  softly  viHous.  Pedicels  riHform,  1  to  1-|-  Hnes 
long.  Flowers  small  and  numerous.  Perianth  glabrous,  the  tube 
slender,  about  1  Hne  long,  much  revoHite  under  the  globuhir  Hmb. 
Torus  straight,  without  any  gland.  Ovary  glabrous,  very  shortly 
stipitate ;  style  long,  fiHform,  with  a  very  obHque  stigmatic  cone  some- 


478  Civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [GrcvUlca. 

timcs  expanding-  into  a  disk  on  tlie  lower  side.     Fruit  very  oblique, 
muricate,  4  to  5  linos  long-. 

W.  Australia.  Murcliison  river,  Oldficld.  Tliis  aml  the  preceding  ppccies  con- 
nect  Lissosli/liti  with  Conogijne. 

Sect.  9.  CoNOGYNE. — Racemes  dense  or  rarely  slender,  sliort  or 
CTlindrical.  Perianth-tube  slender,  recurved  under  tbe  limb.  Torus 
straig-ht.  Ovary  stipitate.  Style  filiform,  with  an  erect  stigmatic 
cone. 

125.  G.  triternata,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  21.  An  erect  bushy  shrub 
of  several  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  and  inlloresccnce  ferruginous  or  silky- 
pubesccnt,  the  adult  foliage  g-labrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  twice  or 
thrice  ternately  divided  into  narrow-linear  rigid  pung-ent-pointed  di- 
varicate  seg"ments  doubly  grooved  underneath,  the  whole  leaf  \h  to  3  in. 
long-  and  broad.  Racemes  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  cylindrical, 
rather  dense,  sessile  and  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Pedicels  |  to  noarly 
1  line  long'.  Perianth  strigose-pubcscent,  the  tube  slender,  undcr  2 
lines  hjng-,  recurvod  under  the  globuhir  Hmb.  Torus  straight.  Gland 
semiannuhir  but  scarcely  promincnt.  Ovary  hirsute,  contracted  into  a 
short  stipes,  tapering-  into  a  ratlier  thick  style ;  stig-matic  cone  erect, 
surrounded  by  a  prominent  marg-in.  Young"  fruit  like  that  of  G.  ra- 
mosisshna,  from  which  this  species  ditFers  cliiefly  in  its  narrow  leaf-seg- 
ments. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  387  ;  Aiiadcnia  triternata,  A.  Cunn. 
Herb. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Lachlan,  Cujeegong,  and  Hunter's  rivers,  A.Cunningliam,  Fraser ; 
Namoi  river,  C.  Moore ;  'Me^Xwa.j,  Miss  Atkinson  ;  Berrima.  and  Castlereagh,  Woolls. 

126.  G.  ramosissima,  Mcissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  388.  A  bushy  or 
spreading-  shrub  of  about  2  ft.,  tlie  branches  infloresccnce  and  under 
side  of  tlie  leaves  clothed  with  a  soft  ferruginous  almost  silky  pubescence. 
Leaves  mostly  twice  trifid  or  the  primary  segments  pinnate,  with  oblong'- 
cuneate  and  3-toothed  or  lanccohite  and  entire  seg^ments,  all  conlluent 
and  decurrent  on  the  petiole,  the  teeth  or  lobes  pung-ent-pointed,  the 
margins  recurvcd,  the  Tipper  surface  g'labrous  often  shining-  and  veined, 
the  midrib  alone  prominent  underncath,  the  wliole  lcaf  IJ  to  2  in.  long- 
in  short  bushy  spccimcns,  twice  that  in  hixuriant  oncs.  Racemes  cy- 
hndrical,  not  very  dense,  1  to  li-  in.  long*,  tcrminal,  mostlv  scssile  and 
shortcr  than  tlie  ieaves.  Pedicels  scarcely  h  lii^s  long-.  JPcrianth  vil- 
lous,  rccurved,  scarcely  2  hnes  hing\  Torus  straight,  without  any  g-land. 
Ovary  liirsute,  contracted  into  a  short  stipes  and  tapering'  into  a  rathcr 
thick  stylc  ;  stig*matic  cone  erect,  surroundcd  by  a  prominent  margin. 
Fruit  curved,  obliqucly  bcaked. — Ayiadenia  Caleyi,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  16. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Barren  hills  north  of  Bathurst,  Liverpool  plains,  Cujeegong  river, 
A.  Cunningham;  Reedy  Creek,  C.Moore;  Goulburn,  Backhouse;  Macquarrie  river, 
Fraser. 

127.  G.  monticola,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  ii.  259,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  390.     A   shrub  of  about  2  ft.,  glabrous  and  glaucous,  with  the 


Grcvilica.]  CIV.    PROTEACEiE.  479 

branclies  often  angular,  but  less  so  tlian  in  G.  synapheir.  Leaves  broadly 
ovate,  undulate  and  prickl}'  toothed,  cuneate  at  the  base  but  scarcely 
petiohite,  \h  to  2  in.  hjn^-  or  rather  more,  rigid  and  strongdy  veined. 
Racemes  peduncuhito  in  the  upj)er  axils  or  2  or  3  in  a  short  terminal 
panicle,  ^  to  f  in.  long-.  Pedicels  fihtbrm,  1  to  2  Hnes  k)ng'.  Perianth 
g'hibrous,  the  tube  slender,  about  2  Hnes  long",  revohite  under  the 
g'lobuhir  hmb.  Torus  straig'ht,  without  any  gdand.  Ovary  gdabrous, 
stipitate  ;  style  rather  thick  ;  stignnatic  cone  erect,  bordered  by  a  pro- 
minent  margin. — A/iadcnia  aqnifolium,  Lindh  Swan  Riv.  App.  81 ;  G. 
aqnijblium,  Meissn.  in  Ph  Preiss.  i.  551,  not  of  Lindh 
"W.  Australia.    Swan  rlver,  Drummond,  \st  coll. 

128.  G.  Muelleri,  Bcnth.  An  undershrub  or  low  shrub  with  erect 
branches  of  about  1  ft.,  rather  slender  and  more  or  less  hoary-pubescent. 
Lower  leaves  cuneate  or  oblong-,  1  to  l^  in.  long-,  toothed  at  the  end; 
iipper  ones  mostly  hnear-cuneate  or  hmceohite,  acuminate,  with  1  or  2 
lateral  hmceolate  lobes  or  teeth  on  each  side,  contracted  into  a  long- 
narrow  base,  the  whole  leaf  2  to  4  in.  long-,  the  fioral  ones  usually 
linear,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  entire  or  with  2  or  3  rigid  divaricate  Hnear  lobes 
at  the  end  ;  all  the  leaves  with  revohite  margins,  prominent  midribs, 
glabrous  and  smooth  above,  minutely  silky-pubescent  underneath.  Ra- 
cemes  very  short  and  dense,  ahnost  globular,  sessile  in  the  upper  axils 
or  terminal.  Pedicels  filiform,  about  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-Iabrous, 
slender,  revolute,  about  2  lines  long-,  "with  a  globular  limb.  Torus 
straig-ht,  without  any  g-Iand.  Ovary  g-Iabrous,  on  a  filiform  stipes ; 
style  shortly  thickened  at  the  base  ;  stigmatic  cone  short,  erect,  with  a 
ver}'  prominent  margin. 

■^V.  Australia.     Summit  of  Stirling  raiige,  F.  Mueller. 

129.  G.  trifida,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  553,  a>id  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
389,  An  erect  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  the  branches  slightly  hoary.  Leaves 
mostly  cuneate,  rather  broad  and  shortly  3-Iobed  or  3-toothed,  or  nar- 
rower  with  the  lobes  ag-ain  3-toothed  or  rarely  pinnately  5-Iobed,  all 
the  teeth  rig-id  and  pung-ent-pointed,  the  margius  recurved,  the  midribs 
prominent,  the  upper  surface  g'Iabrous,  the  under  often  silky,  the  whole 
leaf  I  to  1  in.  long"  when  broad  or  l^  in.  when  narrow ;  or  in  some 
specimens  the  lower  undivided  portion  of  tlie  leaf  narrow-Hnear,  1|  in. 
long",  with  2  or  3  short  divaricate  lobes  at  tlie  end  or  some  of  the  upper 
ones  quite  entire.  Racemes  axillary,  sessile,  dense,  shorter  than  the 
leaves  or  scarcely  exceeding-  tliem,  the  rhachis  pubescent.  Pedicels  1 
to  2  lines  long-,  filiform,  gdabrous.  Perianth  g-Iabrous,  "  pale  yellow," 
slender,  revolute,  nnder  2  lines  long",  the  limb  g'IobuIar,  prominently  4- 
ribbed.  Torus  straight,  without  ^aj  g-Iand.  Ovary  glabrous,  on  a 
short  stipes.  Style  filiform  ;  stig-matic  cone  short,  erect,  with  a  broadly 
prominent  margin.  Fruit  nearh'  smooth. — Anadenia  trijida,  R.  Br.  in 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  107,  Prod.  375  ;  Prot,  Nov.  16. 

■W.  Australia.  King  George'8  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  R.  Brown,  Baxter 
A.  CunniHyham,  Preiss,  n.  701,  and  others. 


480  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [GrcvUlca. 

130.  G.  synapheae,  /?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  23.  An  undershruL  of  1  to  2 
ft.,  quite  «ilabrous  nnd  jilaucous  or  the  3'ounfi'  shoots  minutely  j)u])escent, 
the  branclies  acutely  ang-uhir.  Leaves  on  a  hjny  linear-cuneate  base 
deeply  3-hjbed,  the  hjbes  cuneate  and  shortly  3-h)bt'd  3-toothed  or  here 
and  there  hmceohite  and  entire,  or  the  central  one  aj^-ain  3-toothed,  the 
lobes  all  rather  broad,  llat.  mostly  pung-ent-pointed,  the  whole  leaf  2  to 
4  in.  hmg".  Racemes  dense,  ^  to  1  in.  long-,  pedunculate  iu  the  upper 
axils  or  3  or  4  forming*  a  terminal  panicle.  Pedicels  lihform,  |^  to  1  in. 
long'.  Perianth  glabrous,  slender,  revolute,  nearly  2  lines  loug-,  the 
limb  g"lobuh^r.  Torus  straiglit,  without  any  gland.  Ovary  g'labrous, 
stipitate ;  style  rather  tliick  and  Hat;  stig-matic  cone  short,  erect,  with 
a  prominent  margin.  Fruit  tuberculate-rug"ose,  curved,  about  \  in. 
long-. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  552,  ii.  259,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  390; 
Anadoiia  iiriicUis^  Lindl.  >Swan  Riv.  App.  3L 

VT.  Australia.  Swan  rivi^r,  Fraser,  Druinmond,  \st  colL,  2nd  coll.  n.  313,  Preis-i, 
n.  702  (partly)  706. 

131.  G.  flexuosa,  Mrissn.  i/i  Pl.  Preiss.i.  553,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
389.  Glal)rous  and  glaucous  with  elong-ated  branches.  Leaves  pinnate, 
the  common  rhachis  llexuose  terete  or  dilated  and  concave,  3  to  6  in. 
long"  or  even  more  ;  seg"ments8  to  12  or  more,  distant,  deeply  pinnatilid, 
contluent  or  petiolate,  with  lanceolate  or  triang-ular  divaricate  lobes, 
rigid  and  pungent-pointed.  Racemes  cylindrical,  dense,  1  to  1|  in. 
long",  pedunculate  in  the  upper  axils  or  2  or  3  in  a  terminal  panicle. 
Pedicels  1  to  2  lines  long.  Perianth  gdabrous,  slender,  revolute,  above 
2  lines  long* ;  limb  broadh'  g-lobular.  Torus  straight,  without  any  gland. 
Ovary  g-labrous,  on  a  rather  long-  stipes  ;  style  filiform ;  stig-matic  cone 
short,  erect,  with  a  prominent  margin. — Anadenia  Jicxuosa,  Lindl.  Swan 
Riv.  App.  31. 

■Vtr.  Australia,   Dntmmond,  Ist.  coll.  n.  613. 

Var.?  paiiciloha.  Leaves  reduced  to  3  linear  lanceolate  segrnents,  or  to  5  with  the 
lower  pair  tiifiJ  at  the  base. — Darling  range,  Oldjield,  iragmeutaiy  speciiuens  pnssibly 
taken  trom  a  siJe-branch  ot'  the  normal  rorm,  or  IVom  souie  abnornial  specimen  of  G. 
si/napJtecB. 

132.  G.  leptobotrya,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  256,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  388.  A  slender  ditiuse  or  procumbent  shrub,  quite  glabrous  or 
sprinkled  with  minute  appressed  hairs.  Leaves  on  long-  slender  petioles, 
mostly  twice  pinnate,  with  linear  or  linear-lanceolate  rig-id  acute  divari- 
cate  seg-ments,  with  recurved  marg-ins,  smooth  above,  witli  the  midrib 
prominent  underneath,  the  wliole  leaf  often  2  to  4  in.  long-  and  broad,  on 
a  common  petiole  at  least  as  long* ;  or  sometimes  the  lower  leaves  or 
those  of  the  slender  branches  sim])ly  pinnate  with  narrow  cuneate  seg*- 
ments  deeply  divided  into  3  lanceolate  lobes,  or  pinnatilid  with  5  lobes. 
Racemes  terminal  or  in  tlie  upper  axils,  very  slender,  simple  or  branched. 
Pedicels  filiform,  l^j  to  4  lines  long-,  the  pairs  often  distant.  Perianth 
sprinkled  with  appressed  hairs,  slcnder,  revolute,  scarcely  li  lines  long-, 
the  limb  small,  globular.  Torus  straig-ht,  without  any  g-land.  Ovarv 
g-labrous,  stipitate  ;   style  filiform  ;   stig-matic  cone   short,  with  a  promf- 


Grcvillca.\  CIV.    PROTEACE^.  481 

nent  marg'in.  Fruit  ohliqnc,  smootli  or  obscnrely  rng-ose,  abont  \  in. 
long". 

W.  Australia,   Drummond,  3rd  coll.  7i.  268  ;  hills  on  the  Gordon  river,  Maxicell. 

133.  G.  brevicuspis,  Mcissn.  i>i  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  256,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  388.  A  slirub  with  rather  slender  divaricate  or  llexuose  brancbes, 
quite  g-habrdus.  Leaves  numerous,  with  short  petioles,  mostly  twice 
divided  into  narrow-linear  rig-id  divaricate  pung-ent-pointed  segments, 
with  revohite  marg-ins,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  li  or  rarely  2  in.  long-.  Ra- 
cemes  short,  dense,  quite  glabrous,  sessile  in  the  axils.  Pedicels  lili- 
form,  1  to  2  hnes  long-.  Perianth  g'labrous,  slender,  revokite,  about  1| 
lines  long-,  the  limb  g-lobuhir,  4-ribbed.  Torus  straiglit,  without  any 
g-land.  Ovarv  g-labrous,  on  a  slender  stipes ;  style  long,  filiform,  shortly 
thickened  under  tlie  stigmatic  cone,  which  is  surrounded  by  a  very  pru- 
minent  margin.     Fruit  very  obliqiie,  smooth,  about  4  hnes  long*. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  321  ;  Murcliison  river,  Oldfield. 

134.  G.  intricata,  3Ieissn.  in  Hooli.  Kew  Journ.  vii.   74,   and  in  DC. 

Prod.  xiv.  38?.  A  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.  (or  sometimes  6  to  10  ft.  ?),  with 
slender  branches,  glabrous  or  the  young'  shoots  and  inflorescence 
sprinkled  with  appressed  hairs.  Leaves  long-  and  slender,  once  twice  or 
three  times  ternately  divided  into  Hnear-subulate  almost  terete  rigid 
acute  seg-ments,  singiy  or  doubly  grooved,  oftcn  above  1  in.  long"  on  a 
common  petiole  of  2  in.  or  more.  Racemes  slender,  peduncuhite,  1  to  2 
in.  long  and  sometimes  branched,  terminal  or  hiteral.  Pedicels  fihform, 
2  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  giabrous,  slender,  revohite,  scarcely  l^ 
hnes  long-,  the  limb  globular.  Torus  straight,  without  any  gland. 
Ovar}"  giabrous,  on  a  slender  stipes ;  style  fihform,  stigmatic  cone 
bordered  by  a  prominent  margin.  Fruit  5  or  6  lines  long-,  shgiitly 
rug'ose. 

V^.  Australia.  Murchison  river  and  Champion  Bay,  Oldfidd,  Drummond,  Qth 
coll.  n.  189. 

135.  G.  didymobotrya,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  386.  A  shrub 
of  3  or  4  ft.  (Old/icld)  or  tree  of  10  to  15  ft.  (Ilcrb.  F.  Mi(cller),  minutely" 
hoary  or  silvery-pubescent  or  at  length  giabrous.  Leaves  hnear-terete, 
slender  but  rigid,  acute  or  mucronate,  mostly  2  to  4  in.  long-,  finely 
striate  and  sometimes  channelled  underneath.  Racemesshortly  pedun- 
culate,  cyHndrical,  dense,  rather  narrow,  li  to  2  in.  long-,  termjnal  or 
in  the  upper  axils,  forming-  a  terminal  cor^Tnbose  leafy  panicle,  the 
rhachis  pubescent.  Pedicels  |  to  |  hne  long-.  Perianth  sprinkled 
with  appressed  hairs,  slender,  revohite,  scarcely  H  hnes  long-,  the  hmb 
globuhir.  Torus  straight,  without  any  giand.  Ovary  giabrous,  nearlv 
sessile ;  style  fihform ;  stig-matic  cone  short,  surrounded  by  a  broad 
margin  and  sometimes  shgiitiy  obhque.  Fruit  incurved,  semiobcordate, 
about  3  hnes  long-. — Anudcniajilifhlia,  Endh  in  Ann.  Wien.  Mus.  ii.  209, 
and  Nov.  Stirp.  I)ec.  88,  from  the  description  given,  and  consequently 
G.  capillaris,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  366. 

VOL.  V.  II 


483  civ.   PHOTEACEiE.  [GrcviUca. 

"W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  163,  166,  Ath  coll.  n.  280;  Mnrcliison  river,  Old- 
fiehl ;  Irwin  rivcr,  Jferh.  F.  Mueller,  collector  not  named. 

Anadenia  lioei,  Endl.  Gen.  Pl.  Suppl.  iv.  83,  as  yet  undesciibed,  is  believed  by 
Meissner  to  be  the  samc  as  tlie  above  A.  filifolia. 

13G.  G.  polybotrya,  Mci^.m.  vi  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  386.     An  erect  pro- 

bably  tall  slirub,  the  branches  anil  inllorescence  tomentose-pubescent, 
the  3'oung-  Ibliage  sprinkled  with  silvery  shining-  hairs,  glabrous  but 
j)ale  when  full  grown.  Leaves  entire,  oblong-  and  obtuse  or  oblong-- 
lanceohite  and  acute,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  |  to  1|  in.  long-, 
tlat  and  rather  thick,  veinless  or  the  midrib  and  sumetimes  2  lateral 
veins  sliglitly  prominent.  Racemes  or  spikes  shortly  peduncuhite,  cy- 
lindrical,  dense,  \^  to  2  in.  long-,  numerous  in  a  hirg'e,  dense  leailess 
terminal  panicle.  Flowers  nearly  sessile.  Perianth  sprinkled  with  ap- 
pressed  hairs,  slender,  revolute,  fully  2  lines  long',  the  limb  globular. 
Torus  straight.  Glhind  prominent,  semiannuhir.  Ovary  glabrous  or 
sHg-htly  viscid,  very  shortly  stipitate  ;  style  long-  andfiliform;  stiginatic 
cone  rather  short,  with  a  prominent  margin.  Fruit  about  h  in.  hjng-, 
compressed,  apparently  viscid. — G.  Murtinii^  V.  MuelL  Fragm.  iv.  129, 
t.  32 ;  G.  polybutrya,  F.  Muelh  Frag-m.  vi.  208,  but  not  the  one  described 
in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  ix.  23. 

N.  Australia.     Glenelg  river,  N.W.  coast,  Martin. 
W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  90,  162,  Ath  coll.  n.  279. 

137.  G.  nematophylla,  F.  Murll.  Fragm.  i.  136.  A  shrub  of  5  or 
6  ft.,  minutely  pubescent  or  glabrous.  Leaves  entire,  linear-terete, 
slender  but  rig'id,  acute,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  obscurely  striate  or  chan- 
nelled.  Racemes  cylindrical,  pedunculate,  rather  loose,  1|  to  2^  in. 
long',  several  in  a  terminal  panicle  shorter  than  or  scarcely  exceeding* 
the  leaves,  the  rhachis  g-hibrous.  Pedicels  scarcely  J  line  long".  Peri- 
anth  g-labrous  or  sprinkled  with  appressed  hairs,  slender,  revolute, 
about  2  lines  long-,  the  limb  g;lobuhir.  Torus  straight.  Gland  promi- 
nent,  semiannular.  Ovary  giabrous,  on  a  long-  stipes ;  style  filiform ; 
stig'matic  cone  sligiitly  oblicpie. 

N.  S.  "Wales.     Mount  Murcliison,  Dallachy. 

Sect.  10.  Anadenia.  —  Racemes  d  nse,  short  or  cylindrical. 
Flowers  small.  Perianth-tube  slender,  straigiit ;  limb  erect.  Torus 
straigiit.  Style  filiform  or  dilated  upwards,  not  contracted  under  the 
erect  stig-matic  cone. 

138.  G.  anethifolia,  U.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  21.  A  shrub  with  the 
foliag-e  of  G.  tritcriinta,  but  with  very  difterent  llowers,  the  branches 
shortly  pubescent,  the  foliag-e  giabrous.  Leaves  once  twice  or  three 
times  divided  into  narrow-linear  almost  terete  rigid  divaricate  pung-ent- 
pointed  seg-ments,  singiy  or  doubly  gTooved,  the  whole  leaf  under  2  in. 
long-.  Racemes  short,  dense,  axillary  or  terminal.  Pedicels  giabrous, 
1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  gial)rous,  slender,  straigiit  or  nearly  so, 
2^  linos  long-,  the  limb  giobular.     Torus  straigiit.     Gland   prominent, 


GrCVillfd.]  CIV.    PROTEACE^.  483 

semiannular.  Ovary  g-iabrous,  on  a  lonji,-  slender  stipes  ;  style  much 
dilated  aud  Hattened  except  at  the  base ;  stigmatic  cone  surrounded  by 
a  prominent  marg'in. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  387 ;  Anadeiiia  ancthi- 
foiia,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. 

BI.  S.  ^Vales.  Rave  in  tlic  barren  flat  couutry  near  Peers  Raiige,  A.  Cun- 
ningham. 

139.  G.  paradoxa,  F.  Mucll.  Frar/m.  vi.  246.  A  stout  rig-id  bushy 
shrub,  the  young-  shoots  ferruginous  or  silky-pubescent,  the  adult 
foliage  ghabrous.  Leaves  very  intricate,  once  twice  or  three  times 
divided  into  Hnear-terete  rigid  divaricate  pungent-pointed  segments, 
rarely  above  J  in.  long  and  not  grooved,  the  whole  leaf  under  2  in, 
Racemes  or  spikes  cyHndrical,  thick  and  very  dense,  \\  to  2  in.  long-, 
sessile  amongst  the  hist  leaves,  the  rhachis  densely  hirsute.  Pedicels 
|-  to  1  hne  long".  Perianth  ghibrous,  straight  or  shghtly  curved, 
slender,  2|  to  3  hnes  long-,  the  hmb  ovoid,  erect.  Torus  straight. 
Gland  prominent,  semiannuhir.  Ovary  sessile  or  nearly  so,  ghibrous 
or  sHghtly  ghmdular-pubescent.  Style  very  long,  fihform ;  stigmatic 
cone  very  narro^v.     Fruit  ovoid,  acute,  tomentose,  2  to  3  Hnes  long. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  dth  coll.  suppl.  n.  11. 

140.  G.  petrophiloides,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  257,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  387.  A  slirub  of  4  or  5  ft.,  w^ith  rigid  erect  branches,  the 
■whole  plant  ghibrous  and  glaucous  or  the  young  shoots  very  sHghtly 
ferruginous-pubescent.  Leaves  twice  or  three  times  ternately  or  pin- 
nately  divided  into  Hnear-terete  erect  segments,  sometimes  very 
slender  and  1  to  2  in.  long,  sometimes  shorter  more  rigid  and  angular, 
the  whole  leaf  4  to  8  in.  long.  Racemes  very  dense  and  spike-Hke,  2 
to  4  in.  long-,  soHtary  and  terminal  or  several  along  a  terminal  stout 
lealless  common  peduncle  often  above  1  ft.  long.  Pedicels  |  to  1  hne 
long-.  Perianth  ghibrous,  slender,  straig-ht,  4  to  4|  Hnes  long,  the 
Hmb  narrow-oblong,  erect.  Torus  straight.  Ghmd  semiannular. 
Ovary  glabrous,  stipitate  ;  style  very  long-  and  fihform ;  stig"matic  cone 
very  narrow.  Fruit  nearly  globular,  with  an  obHciue  point,  scarcely 
3  Hnes  long*. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  83,  3rd  coll.  n.  300,  bth  coll.  Suppl.  n.  8 ;  Murchi- 
Ron  river,  Oldjield. 

141.  G.  tenuiflora,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  554,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  389.  A  bushy  shrub,  the  branches  and  foHage  more  or  less 
pubescent  with  short  often  glandular  hairs.  Leaves  pinnately  divided 
into  5  or  the  upper  ones  into  3  segments  or  lobes,  the  seg-ments 
broadly  cuneate  3-  or  5-lobed,  the  lobes  triangular  and  entire  or 
broadly  3-lobed,  all  rigid  and  shortly  pung-ent-pointed,  oiten  shining- 
above  and  opaque  underneath,  but  retaining-  a  minute  pubescence  on 
both  sides,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  2  in.  long-  and  broad.  Kacemes  ter- 
minal,  dense,  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate,  1  to  li  in.  long,  the 
rhachis  pubescent.  Bracts  small,  ovate,  very  deciduous.  Pedicels 
fihform,  1|  lines  long.     Perianth   nearly  ghibrous,    slender,   straight 

I  I  2 


'484  CTV.  PROTEACE^.  [GnviUca. 

1?!  lines  long-,  the  limb  ovoid,  4-ang-led.  Torus  straiglit,  without  any 
ffland.  Ovary  on  a  rather  long-  stipes,  sprinkled  with  few  g-landular 
Eairs ;  stvle  filiform,  slig'htly  thickened  and  pubescent  towards  the 
end ;  stig-matic  cone  very  narrow,  with  a  slig-htly  projecting-  marg-iu 
round  the  base. — Anadenia  tenuifiora,  Lindl.  Swan  Kiv.  App.  31. 
W.  Australia.     Swan  rivcr,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.,  Preiss,  n.  703. 

142.  G.  pulchella,  Mei.ssn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  553,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  389.  A  rather  slender  divaricate  undershrub  or  shrub  of  1  to 
2  ft.,  scabrous-pubescent  and  often  g-landular,  or  the  foliag-e  at  leng-th 
g-labrous.  Leaves  pinnate  ;  seg-ments.  7  to  11,  cuneate,  trifid  or  3- 
toothed,  distinct  or  the  upper  ones  confluent  and  more  entire,  the 
lobes  or  teeth  triang-ular  or  lanceolate,  acute  or  pung-ent-pointed,  the 
marg-ins  revolute,  the  whole  leaf  Ih  to  3  in.  long-.  Racemes  dense, 
usually  glabrous,  i  to  1  in.  long-,  terminal  or  in  the  upper  axils,  on 
short  slender  peduncles.  Pedicels  scarcely  1  line  long-.  Perianth 
white,  g-labrous,  slender,  straig-ht,  about  1|  lines  long-,  the  limb  ovoid- 
fusiform.  Torus  straig-ht,  without  any  giand.  Ovary  stipitate, 
sprinkled  with  g-landular  hairs ;  style  filiform,  thickened  under  the 
narrow  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  3  to  4  lines  long-,  the  valves  very  open 
and  revolute  when  ripe. — Anadenia  pulchella,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn. 
Soc.  X.  167,  Prod.  374. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown,  Baxter,  A.  Cunningliam, 
Preiss,  n.  700,  and  raany  otliers. 

143.  G.  rudis,  3Tcissn.  in  Hook.  Kcw  Jovrn.  vii.  73,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  390.  An  erect  shrub  or  undershrub,  the  branches  and  foliag-e 
verv  scabrous  and  more  or  less  hirsute  with  long-  sjireading-  hairs. 
Leaves  in  the  lower  part  of  the  branches  cuneate,  dilated  and  shortly 
once  or  twice  ternately  lobed  or  broadly  toothed  at  the  end,  narrowed 
to  the  base  but  not  petiolate,  thick,  rigid,  penniveined,  1  to  2  in.  long-, 
the  upper  leaves  distant,  sessile,  lanceolate,  entire,  \  to  h  in.  long-. 
Racemes  cylindrical,  dense,  1  to  1|  in.  long-,  hirsute  and  giandular- 
viscid,  terminal  or  accompanied  by  one  or  two  smaller  ones  lower  down 
the  branch.  Bracts  acuminate  and  comos.»  ou  the  very  young-  raceme. 
Pedicels  about  1  line  long-.  Perianth  hir-iite,  slender,  straight,  2  lines 
long-,  the  limb  ovoid.  Torus  straigiit,  without  any  giand.  Ovary 
almost  sessile,  hirsute  ;  style  loug-,  filiform  but  thickened  at  the  eud 
undcr  the  narrow  stig-matic  cone. 

^V.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  MurcLison  rivers,  Dnunmond,  Cth  coU.  n. 
180. 

144.  G.  Shuttleworthiana,  3Ieissn.  in  Pl.  P?riss.  ii.  258,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  380.  An  erect  shrub  perfectly  giabrous  or  with  a  very  slight 
hoary  pubescence  on  the  branches.  Leaves  obovate  or  cuneate,  undu- 
late,  mucronate  or  acuminate,  entire,  contracted  into  a  distinct  petiole, 
-|  to  1  in.  or  rarely  l^-  in.  long-,  rigid  and  obliquely  veined  on  both 
sidos.  Racomes  cylindrieal,  rather  dense,  pedunculate,  1  to  2  in. 
lung',  tcrmiual  ur  in  the  upper  axils  furmiug-  sometimes   a   termiual 


Grevillea.]  civ.  PROTEACEiE.  485 

leafv  panicle,  tlie  rhacliis  and  flowers  g-labrons.  Pcrianth  slender, 
straight,  under  '2  lines  long-,  the  linib  nearh'  g-lobuhir.  Torus  straig-ht, 
without  any  g'hind.  Ovary  g-hibrous,  nearly  sessile ;  style  fiHform, 
with  a  narrow  stigunatic  cone.  Fruit  small,  semi-obcordate,  falcate, 
the  lower  edg'e  or  back  dihited. 

W.  Australia,   Druininond,  2nd  coU.  n.  299,  3rd  coll.  n.  266. 

145.  G.  integrifolia,  3hiss)i.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  385.  An  erect 
shrub,  the  branches  and  especially  the  foliag-e  more  or  less  silvery  or 
silk^^-pubescent.  Leaves  in  the  typical  form  oblong-  lanceolate  or 
oblong'-cuneate,  obtuse  with  a  callous  point  or  acute,  contracted  into  a 
petiole,  1  to  1|  in.  long',  very  obliquely  veined  and  often  3-nerved. 
Racemes  peduncukte,  cylindrical,  rather  loose,  IJ  to  2  in.  long, 
several  in  a  terminal  leafy  panicle,  the  rhacliis  slightly  pubescent. 
Pedicels  |  to  1  line  long\  Perianth  g-labrous,  slender,  straight, 
scarcely  2  lines  long',  tlie  limb  ovoid.  Torus  straig"ht,  without  any 
g-land.  Ovary  almost  sessile,  g-labrous ;  style  filiform,  tlie  stig"matic 
cone  almost  linear,  marked  by  a  slig-htly  projecting-  rim  at  the  base. 
Fruit  not  seen  ripe,  wlien  young*  more  like  that  of  G.  Shuttleworthiana 
than  of  G.  stenocarpa. — Anadenia  integrifolia,  Endl.  in  Ann.  Wien.  Mus. 
ii.  209,  and  Nov.  Stirp.,  Dec.  88. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  157,  5th  coll.  suppl.  n.  6. 

Yar.  ohovata.  I.eaves  inostly  obovate,  i|  to  |  in.  lont:,  but  on  some  specimens  throw- 
ing  oif  branches  with  leaves  of  the  tjpical  form. —  G.  bi/ormi.s,  Meissn.  in  l''l.  Preiss.  ii. 
258,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  386,  as  to  the  b.irren  specimeiis. — W.  Australia,  Boe, 
Drummond. 

146.  G.  stenocarpa,  F.  Mnell.  Herl.  An  erect  bushy  shrub  of  3 
or  4  ft.,  more  or  less  silvery  or  hoary-tomentose,  tlie  older  foliage 
rarely  quite  giabrous.  Leaves  narrow-linear,  thick  biit  more  or  less 
flattened,  acute  or  obtuse,  striate  with  3  to  5  closely  approximate 
lonsitudinal  nerves,  2  to  4  in.  long*  or  in  a  few  specimens  only  1  to  2 
in.,  slightly  attenuate  and  almost  terete  at  the  base.  Racemes  shortly 
pedunculate,  rather  loose,  \\  to  2|  in.  long-,  several  in  a  terminal  leafy 
panicle.  Pedicels  very  short.  Perianth  g-labrous,  slender,  straigiit, 
scarcely  2  lines  long-,  tlie  limb  ovoid.  Torus  straigiit,  without  any 
giand.  Ovary  giabrous,  nearly  sessile  ;  style  filiform  ;  stig-matic  cone 
very  narrow,  with  a  projecting*  rim  at  the  base.  Fruit  (only  known  in 
very  few  specimens),  very  narrow,  obliquely  clavate,  5  to  8  lines  long*. 
— G.  iiformis,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  258,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  386, 
as  to  the  flowering  specimens. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  265,  &t]i  coll.  n.  181  ;  Murchison  river, 
OldfieUl.  In  some  herbaria,  Drummond's  specimens  n.  265  are  associated  with  others 
witiiout  flowers  of  G.  integrifolia,  aiid  had  evidently  been  so  transmitted  by  Drum- 
mond,  in  other  cases  the  coiresponding  leafy  specimeiis  had  been  coriectly  sent  with 
the  flowering  ones  oF  G.  integrifolia.  I  liave  therefore  been  unable  to  retain  Meissner's 
specific  uame  founded  upon  the  suj^posed  dimorphous  foh'age. 

Sect.  11.  Manglesia. — Racemes  short,  dense,  axillary.  Flowers 
small.     Perianth-tube    strai^ht,  slender  or   fiisiform,  the    limb   erect. 


486  CIV.    PROTEACE^.  [GrcvilJni. 

Torus  straight.     Ovary  g-labrous,  stipitate.     Style  turg-id  in  tlie  midcUe 
or  fusiforni,  constricted  under  the  erect  stig-matic  cone. 

147.  G.  acrobotrya,  Mcis.m.  in  Ilooh.  Keiv  Jonrn.  vii.  74,  and  iii 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  391.  Branches  rigidly  virg-ate,  hoary-pubescent  as 
well  as  the  foliag-e.  Stem-leaves  nearly  sessile,  broadly  cuneate  or  f:in- 
sliaped  or  almost  rliomboidal,  f  to  1  in.  long-,  coarsely  toothed  at  the 
end  with  mucronate  or  priekly  teeth,  g-hibrous  above,  ahiiost  silky 
underneath  with  very  prominent  primary  veins,  the  upper  ones  passing- 
into  the  smaller  lloral  leaves,  deeply  divided  into  3  or  more  linear  rigid 
pung-ent-pointed  lol)es.  Racemes  dense,  sessile,  scarcely  above  |  in. 
long-,  all  axillary,  either  distant  or  crowded  towards  the  ends  of  the 
branches.  Pedicels  filiform,  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Perianth  glabrous, 
about  2  lines  long',  the  tube  rather  thick  and  scarcely  long-er  than  the 
g-lobular  limb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  obsolete.  Ovary  glabrous, 
stipitate ;  style  thick  and  fusiform  with  a  small  terminal  stig-ma. 
Fruit  very  oblique,  about  4  lines  long-. 

TV.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drummorid,  GthcolL  n.  185. 
The  style  in  this  species  is  anunialous,  but  nearer  to  that  ai  Mauglesla  ihan  o{  Ana- 
denia. 

148.  G.  glabrata,  Meissn..  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  549,  ii.  255,  mid  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  391.  An  erect  shrub  of  5  or  6  ft.,  perfectly  glabrous  and 
more  slender  than  the  allied  species.  Leaves  broadly  cuneate,  shortly 
and  broadly  3-lobed,  the  lobes  acute  with  fine  pung-ent  points,  con- 
tracted  into  a  petiole,  flat,  with  prominent  primary  veins,  the  whole 
leaf  1  to  Ih  in.  lono-.  Racemes  axillarv,  as  lon"-  as  or  lono-er  than  the 
leaves,  the  upper  ones  forming*  a  terminal  panicle  ;  rhachis  slender. 
Pedicels  filiform,  3  to  6  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous,  striiight,  about 
l^  to  2  lines  long",  the  tube  much  longer  than  the  giobular  limb. 
Torus  straight.  Gland  semiannular.  Ovary  giabrous,  on  a  long- 
stipes ;  style  contracted  above  the  ovar}',  then  thick  and  fusiform  and 
ag-ain  contracted  under  the  stig'matic  cone. — Baill.  Hist.  Pl.  ii.  390, 
f.  219  to  222;  Mani/lcsia  glubrutu,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  37;  M.  cu- 
neata^  Endl.  Nov.  Stirp.  Dec.  25 ;  Anadenia  Manglesii,  Grah.  in  Hook. 
Ic.  Pl.  t.  337  ;    Grcvillea  Manglesii,  Hortul.   (^Meissn.) 

W.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  621  ;  Preiss,  n.  695. 

149.  G.  ornithopoda,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  256,  und  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  391.  A  perfectly  giabrous  shrub  with  rather  slender 
branches.  Leaves  cuneate,  tapering-  into  a  long-  narrow  base  or 
Aving-ed  petiole,  divided  into  3  lanceolate  acutely  acuminate  lobes  of  h 
to  1  in.,  the  undivided  part  Ih  to  2|  in.  long-,  the  three  primary  veins 
prominent  undcrneath.  Racemes  a^xillary,  simple  or  branched,"^  rarely 
exceeding-  the  leaves,  the  rhachis  slender  and  giabrous.  Pedicels  filf- 
form,  3  to  G  lines  long-.  Perianth  giabrous,  nearly  2  lines  long-,  the 
tube  fiisiform,  not  twice  the  leng-th  of  the  giobular  limb.  Torus 
straigiit.       (iland  semiannular.      Ovary  giabrous,   on  a   long-   stipes ; 


(lirriU,-(t.'\  CIV.    PROTEACE^:.  487 

style  shortly   contracted   at  tlie  base,  then   turg-id  and   slig-htly  con- 
tracted  iinder  the  stig-matic  cone.     Fruit  very  oblique,  rugose. 
^V.  Australia,   Dnimmond,  2nd  coll.  n.  oH. 

loO.  G.  paniculata,  Jlcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  550,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  39'-?.  A  shrub  of  0  to  8  ft.,  g'hdjrous  and  often  g-hiucous  or  the 
3'oung-  shoots  sHghtly  hoary  with  a  minute  tomentum,  Leaves  Hnear- 
terete,  slender  but  rigid,  jjung-ent-pointed,  more  or  less  g-rooved,  once 
or  twiee  divided  into  3  rarely  2  seg-ments  |  to  1  in.  long-,  the  undi- 
vided  base  about  as  long*.  Racemes  axillary,  shorter  or  rather  long-er 
than  the  leaves,  simple  or  branched.  Pedicels  2  to  4  lines  long*. 
Perianth  g-labrous,  under  2  lines  long",  the  tube  not  twice  as  long"  as 
the  gdobular  limb.  Torus  straight.  Ghmd  semiannular.  Ovary 
g"hibrous,  on  a  long-  stipes  ;  style  contracted  at  the  base,  then  dilated 
and  ag-ain  contracted  under  the  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit  ^  in.  long-, 
oblique,  but  the  stipes  not  so  hiteral  as  in  the  alHed  species,  very 
rug'ose. 

N.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  105,  Preiss,  n.  617,  a  and  h ;  Fitzgerald  Flats, 
Maxwdl 

151.  G.  biternata,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  549,  ii.  256,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  392.  Branches  softly  tomentose-pubescent,  the  young-  shoots 
ferruginous.  Leaves  very  narrow-Hnear,  pungent-pointed,  doubly 
gTooved  underneath,  mostly  once  or  twice  divided  into  3  or  sometimes 
2  segments  of  1  to  l^  in.,  the  undivided  base  as  long*  or  rather  shorter 
and  in  some  specimens  a  few  leaves  quite  entire.  Eacemes  axillary, 
sessile,  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Perianth  glabrous,  under  2  Hnes  long-, 
the  tube  not  twice  the  leng-th  of  the  giobuhir  Hmb.  Torus  straight. 
Gland  sexniannuhir.  Ovary  glabrous,  on  a  long-  stipes ;  style  shortly 
constricted  at  the  base  then  dihited  and  ag-ain  contracted  under  the 
stig'matic  cone.  Fruit  rug'Ose  as  in  G.  triloba,  of  which  this  may  prove 
to  be  a  very  narrow-leaved  variety. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  188,  \st  coll.  n.  624,  2nd  coll.  n.  315,  323  ;  nortli  of 
Cape  Paisley,  liiillips  and  Tliomas  rivers,  Maxicell. 

Var.  leptostachija.  A  shriib  of  10  to  15  ft.,  more  glabrous  than  the  typical  form,  with 
slender  racemes,  abuut  1  in.  long. — Champion  Bay,  Wulcott, 

152.  G.  triloba,  Mcissn.  in  Hook.Kcw  Journ.  vii.  74,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  388.  Branclies  rather  stout,  softly  ferruginous-viHous  or  hoary. 
Leaves  with  a  Hnear-cuneate  base  of  about  1  in.,  usuaHy  divided  into  3 
Hnear-hmceohite  divaricate  lobes  of  ^  to  1|  in.,  mucronate  or  sometimes 
pimgent-pointed,  with  revoHite  margins,  giabrous  above  when  fuH- 
grown  and  obHquely  veined,  softly  pubescent  or  viHous  underneath  ; 
a  few  of  the  lower  leaves  sometimes  entire  and  oblong--huiceohite. 
Racemes  axiHarv,  dense,  sessile,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the  rhachis 
viHous.  Pedicels  tiHfcjrm,  3  to  5  Hnes  long-.  Perianth  giabroiis,  nearly 
2  Hnes  long-,  the  fusiform  tube  much  longer  than  the  giobuhir  Hmb. 
Torus  straight,  Ghind  semiannuhir.  Ovary  giabrous,  on  a  long- 
stipes;  style  contracted  at  the  base,  then  dilated  into  a  sweHing-  of  the 


488  civ.   PROTEACE.E.  [GreviUva. 

sliape  of  the  ovarv  and  again  contracted  under  tlie  sti^matic  cone. 
Fruit  tuberculate-rugose,  about  4  lines  long'. 
"W.  Australia.     Murcliison  river,  OUIjield,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  187. 

lo;3.  G.  amplexans,  F.  Mudl.  llcrb.  Quite  glabrous  and  g-laucous. 
Leaves  sessile,  nearly  orbicular,  deeply  cordate,  clasping"  the  stem  by 
broad  auricles  closod  or  overlapping-  behind  tlie  stem,  veined  on  both 
sides,  the  principal  veins  produced  into  short  pung-ent  points.  Racemes 
axilhirv  or  terminal,  loose  and  somewhat  branched  in  the  only  specimen 
scen,  about  1  in.  long-.  Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous, 
straig'ht,  about  2  lines  long",  the  tube  not  twice  as  long-  as  the  globuhir 
limb.  Torus  straiglit.  Gland  semiannular.  Ovary  g-L^brous,  stipitate  ; 
style  contracted  at  the  base,  then  dihited  and  ag-ain  contracted  imder  the 
stigmatic  cone.     Fruit  smooth,  about  4  lines  long-. 

VT.  Australia.     Nortbern  districts,  Herh.  F.  Muelle.r,  the  collector  not  named. 

154.  G.  vestita,  Meis.vi.  in.  Pl.  Preisa.  i.  548,  ii.  255,  and  in  BC.  Prod. 
xiv.  391.  An  erect  bushy  shrub  of  6  to  9  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  ferru- 
g-inous-viUous.  Leaves  cuneate,  broad  or  uarrow,  tapering"  towards  the 
very  narrow  base,  f  to  \\  in.  long-,  more  or  less  deeply  3-  or  rarely  5- 
lobed  at  the  end,  the  lobes  broad  m^icronate  and  often  pung-ent,  the 
margins  recurved,  g-hibrous  above  when  old  and  veined,  pubescent  or 
viHous  underneath  5  a  few  of  the  lower  leaves  often  entire  and  obhm- 
ceohite.  Racemes  axillary,  dense,  scarcely  exceeding-  the  leaves,  the 
rhachis  pubescent  or  villous.  Pedicels  \\.o\  in.  long-.  Perianth  g-la- 
brous,  nearly  2  lines  long-,  the  tube  much  long-er  than  the  g-lobular 
limb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  semiannuhir.  Uvary  glabrous,  on  a 
long-  stipes  ;  style  contracted  at  the  base,  then  thickened  and  ag-ain  con- 
tracted  under  the  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit  very  oblique,  cpiite  smooth, 
about  4  lines  broad. — Manfjlesia  vestita,  Endl.  Tsov.  Stirp.  Dec.  26. 

W'.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  n.  65,  67,  Ist  coll.  n.  620,  Freiss,  n.  72  ; 
King  George's  Sound,  Williams  and  Murray  rivers,  Ohlfidd  (all  witli  broad  leaves); 
Drurnmond,n.  29,  64,  \stcoll.n.  622,  2i,dcoll.  n.  320  (wuh  linear-lanceolate  leaf-lohes). 

Var.  stevogyne.  Style  and  stigmatic  cone  much  more  slender,  approacliing  the  style 
of  G.  acrohotrya. — W.  Australia,  Drummond. 

155.  G.  tridentifera,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  547,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  392.  A  rig'id  shrub  said  to  be  quite  glabrous  in  the  tyj)ical  form 
which  I  have  not  seen,  the  branches  densely  tomentose-villous  iu  our 
specimens.  Leaves  on  very  short  petioles,  divided  into  2  or  3  narrow- 
linear  rig-id  pungent-pointed  seg-ments  of  about  \  in.,  entire  or  again 
2-lobed,  convex  above,  doubly  grooved  underneath.  Racemes  axiHary, 
sessile,  very  short,  the  rhachis  tomentose.  Pedicels  filiform,  3  or  4 
lines  long-.  Perianth  glabrous,  about  1\  lines  hmg-,  the  tube  not  twice 
as  long-  as  tlie  globuhir  limb.  Torus  "straight.  Ghmd  semiannular. 
Ovary  g-hdjrous,  on  a  long-  stipes ;  style  with  a  rather  long-  iiHform  base, 
tlien  dihited  and  again  contracted  under  the  rather  ln'oad  stigmatic  cone. 
Fruit  smootli,  at  least  when  young-. — Manr/lesia  tridentifera,  Endl. 
IVov.  Stir]).  Uec.  25  (Meissn.). 

V/.  Australia,    Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n.  623. 


Grevillca.]  civ.   photeace^.  489 

156.  G.  erinacea,  Meism.  in  Ilooh.  Kew  Jonrn.  vii.  74,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  3i>J.  Branches  hoary-tomentose  or  ferru|:'iiious  when  young-. 
Leaves  crowded,  deeply  itnd  tornately  once  or  twice  divided  into  slender 
but  ri;iid  and  pun,<i-ent-i)ointed  sei!'nients,  linear-terete  and  sing-ly 
g-rooved  or  slightly  llattened  and  doubly  gTooved  underneath,  the  wdiole 
ieafunder  1  in.  long-  inchiding-  the  sliort  petiole.  Racenios  axilhirv, 
sessile,  short  and  dense,  the  rhachis  shg-htly  tomentose.  Pedicels  liU- 
form,  3  to  4  hnes  long-.  Perianth  g-hibrous,"  1\  Hnes  long:,  the  tube  not 
twice  as  long-  as  the  g-lobular  Hmb.  Torus  straight.  Ghmd  semi- 
annular,  shg-htly  prominent.  Ovary  g-labrous,  stipitate ;  style  filiforin 
at  the  base,  then  turgid  and  ag-ain  contracted  under  the  stigmatic  cone. 
Fruit  very  obhque,  perfectly  smooth,  4  to  5  lines  broad. 

W.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drummond,  Qth  coll.  n. 
186. 

21.  HAKEA,  Schrad. 

(Conchium,  Sm) 

Flowers  herniaplirodite.  Perianth  irreguhir  or  rarely  regailar,  tho 
tube  revokite  or  curved  under  the  Hmb  or  rarely  straig-ht,  the  Hmb 
g'lobuhir  or  rarely  ovoid,  often  obHque,  the  hiniimie  often  cohering-  long-^ 
after  the  tube  ha"^s  opened,  Anthers  aH  perfect,  sessile  in  the  base  of 
the  concave  laminje,  the  connective  not  produced  beyond  the  ceHs. 
Hypog-ynous  glands  united  in  a  single  semiannuhar  or  semicircuhir 
rarel}"disk-shaped  g-land  occupying-  the  upper  side  of  the  torus,  in  some 
species  very  small.  Ovary  stipitate  but  usually  very  shortly  so,  with  2 
amphitropous  ovules  laterally  attached  about  the  middle ;  style  either 
long-  and  protruding-  froni  the  slit  of  the  perianth  before  the  summit  is 
set  free  from  the  limb  as  in  Grcvillen,  or  not  exceeding-  the  perianth,  more 
or  less  dilated  at  the  end  into  a  straight  or  oblique  or  lateral  cone  or 
disk,  bearing-  tlie  sniall  stignia  in  the  centre  of  the  disk  or  at  the  sumniit 
of  the  cone.  Fruit  a  hard  usually  woody  capsule  opening-  in  2  valves. 
Seeds  2,  conipressed  and  collaterai,  the  testa  produced  at  the  upper  end 
into  a  broad  membranous  wing-  usually  longer  than  the  nucleus  and 
more  or  less  decurrent  down  the  upper  or  both  margins  and  sonietimes 
completely  surrounding  the  nucleus,  the  nucleus  itself  fiat  and  smooth 
on  the  inner  face  (next  the  other  seed),  convex  on  the  outer  face  and 
usually  rugose  or  muricate,  the  protuberances  fitting-  into  corres})onding- 
cavities  in  the  valve ;  each  seed  with  its  wing  sometiines  covering-  the 
whole  inner  surface  of  the  valve,  more  frequently  placed  near  the  upper 
maro-in  and  covering-  about  half  only  or  rather  more,  the  remainder  of 
the  valve  a  hard  woody  mass. — Shrubs  or  rarely  small  trees.  Leaves 
alternate,  very  diversified  in  shape,  tiat  or  terete,  the  margins  rarely 
recurved  and  the  two  surfaces  usually  similar  aiid  equally  veined. 
Flowers  in  pairs  along-  the  rhachis  of  a  short  and  dense  raceme  or  cluster 
or  rarelv  in  a  long-er  raceme  ;  the  clusters  or  racemes  sessile  in  the  axils 
or  rarelv  aiso  terminal  or  in  a  very  few  species  all  terminal.   Indumentum 


490  CIV.    iMiOTRACE^.  {lldhra. 

as  in  Grevilleu,  consistiny  of  closely  inijjressed  liairs  attaclied  hy  tlie 
centre,  rarely  of  erect  or  spreading-  liairs. 

The  gemis  is  liiuited  to  Australia.  As  will  be  perceivcd  on  comparing  the  above 
cliaracter  with  that  of  Grevillea,  there  is  no  one  organ  in  which  the  two  genera  are 
alsnhitely  distinct  excepting  the  seed-wing,  and  even  that,  although  essentially  ter- 
niinal  in  llahea  and  annular  when  present  in  Grevillea,  is  exceptional  in  llakea 
platyxperma,  for  instance,  where  the  wing  is  ahnost  of  equal  breadth  all  roind 
tlie  nucleiis ;  but  even  there  the  texture  and  venation  of  the  wing  is  that  of  Hakea, 
not  of  Gn  villea,  and  the  two  genera  are  with  few  exceptions  so  iiatural,  that  tlieie  are 
ver^'  few  species  tliat  woiild  not  at  once  be  referred  to  their  right  genus  cven  without 
the  fruit,  especially  as  the  wing  of  the  seed  can  generally  be  traced  in  tlie  ovule  iinme- 
diately  after  fecundation.  The  racemes  are  generally  axillary  and  reduced  to  sessile 
clusters  in  Hahea,  terniinal  and  loose  in  Grevillea,  but  they  ai-e  loose  and  elongated  iii 
the^  section  Grevilleoides  of  HaJcea,  and  terminal  in  H.  ruscifolia  and  a  few  othei  s ; 
whilst  tlie  se(-tion  Manglesia  of  Grevillea  as  well  as  G.  hakeoides  and  afew  others  have 
the  infloresccnce  o^  Hakea.  The  so  called  involucres  or  inibiicate  bud  scalcs  enveloping 
the  nasccnt  infiorescenres  of  Hakea,  appear  to  be  wanting  in  Grevillea,  but  they  aie 
also  deficieiit  in  tlie  sectioii  Grevilleoidts  of  Hahea,  aiid  are  always  so  decidiious  as  to 
be  generaily  absent  from  floweiing  specimens.  Tlie  same  variations  of  Ibrm  in  tlie 
perianth  occur  in  the  two  genera,  but  in  Hahea  the  hairs  or  beard  inside  the  tube  of 
niany  Grevilleie  are  always  wanting  and  the  ovary  is  always  glabrous.  Hahea  has  also 
the  varioiis  moditicatinns  of  tlie  pistil  oi'  GreviUea,  except  the  turgid  style  of  the  seclion 
Jldvgleiia.  The  fruit  is  in  geneial  totally  diflerent  in  tlie  two  gencia,  and  yet  tliat  of 
Grevillea  (jibhosa  is  certainly  a  near  appioach  to  tliat  of  Ilakca  ijlatysj^ernia. 

Ihe  determination  of  tJie  speeies  of  i/«/-ea  geiierally  reqiiires  the  preseiice  both  of 
flowers  and  fruit.  Species,  especially  amongst  tlie  terete-leaved  ones,  with  scarcely 
distinguisliable  flowers  and  leaves,  have  sometimes  very  diflerent  fruits,  wliilst  closely 
similar  fruits  have  occasionally  very  difierent  flowers  and  leaves.  1  have  found  the 
flowers  chiefly  avaiiable  for  sectional,  the  fiuits  for  specific  distinction.  The  dorsal 
protiiberances  on  the  fruit-valves  of  some  species  usually  called  spurs,  appear  to  me 
to  be  more  appropriately  termed  horns,  as  they  occur  alwa_)s  close  to  ihe  apex  not  to 
the  base  of  tlie  valve. 

Sect.  1.  Grevilleoides. — Ilou-ers  in  ohlong  or  cylindrical  or  rareh/  short  racemes, 
without  any  invohicre.     Ferianth  much  revolute.     tStigmatic  disk  ohiique  or  lateral, 
flat  or  hroudly  conical.     Tropical  or  snhtropical  species. 
Leaves  terete,  usually  very  long. 

Racemes  as  well  as  the  whole  plant  quite  ghabious      .     .     .     l.  H.  chordophylla. 
Kacemes  pubescent  or  villous. 

Leavcs  niostly  above  1  ft.  long.     Piacenies  3  to  G  in.  long, 
Perianth-tiibe  4  to  5  h'nes. 

Torus  very  oblique 2.  H.  Cumnnyhamii. 

Torus  scarcely  oblique 3.  i?.  lorea. 

Leaves  sleiider,  niostly  about  \  ft.  long.     Racemes  1  to  2 

in.     Perianth-tube  under  3  lines    .     .    " 4.  H.  Fraseri. 

Leaves  flat,  Jinear,  usnally  long. 

Seed-wing  not  at  ali  or  scarcely  decurrent  along  thc  nuclcus. 
IJacemes  3  to  6  in.  long.     Perianth  viilous,    5  to  6  Hnes 

liiig 5.  H.  macrocarpa. 

Eacemes  under  ^  in.  long,  pedunculate.     Perianth  silky, 

uniler  2  lines (j.  H.  arhorescens. 

Seed-wing  decurrent  on  both  sides  round  tlie  base  of  the 

nucleus 7.  i/.  stennphylla. 

Leaves  flat,  3-nerved,  oblong  or  lanceolate.    Puiccmcs  glabious, 

about  2  in.  long.     Perianth  3  lines '    .     .     .     8.  H.  trineura. 

SiccT.  2._  Euhakea. — Ihicemes  usualhj  slort  cr  reihiced  to  scssle  chtsters,  enclosed 
lefore  thcir  deieJipinent  in  an  invohicre  or  bud  ofimbricate  scales.    rerianth  revohite, 


Halfm.]  civ.   puoteace^e.  401 

at  least  under  the  Umh.     Stlfjmatic  dish  ohlique  or  lateral,Jlat  or  sliglithj  convex,  with- 
out  ani/  cone  {excejit  in  H.  rugosa  and  H.  rostrata). 

Series  1.  Obliquse. — Perirtnth inihescent.  Ihrus  ohlique,  the  ovarij  al  the  shorleH 
margin,  the  remainder  occupied  b>j  a  large  very  concave  adaate  glaiul.  Leaves  eutire. 
Spedes  all  Western. 

Leaves  flat,  tapering  at  the  base,  obscurely  several-nerved. 
Leaves  4  to  8  in.  long.     Fruit  curved  with  a  broad,  rather 

long,  closely  inflcxed  beak 9.  ^.  cijchcarpa. 

Leaves  under  3  in.     Fruit  large  and  thick,   nrarly  smootb, 

with  a  very  sniall  infle.xed  beak \0.  H.  crasiijolia. 

Leaves  2  to  4  in.  long.     Fruit  very  large  and  tliick,  covered 

with  large  conical  tubercles U.  H.  pandanicarpa. 

Leaves  narrow,  under  2  in.     Fruit  unknown 12.   H.  Moei. 

Leaves  linear-terete. 

Leaves  erect,  with  short  erect  or  curved  points.  Fruit  rather 

large,  very  broad,  with  a  small  infiexed  beak 13.  H  adnata. 

Leaves  spreading,  pungent-pointed.     Fruit  twlce  as  long  as 

broad,  with  a  short  nearly  straight  beak 14.  H.  ohliqua. 

Series  2.  Pubiflorae. — Perianth  puhescent.  Torus  straight  or  rarelij  oLlique,  the 
gland  thick  or  semiannular.     Leaves  entire,  toothed  or  divided. 

Leaves  flat.     Fruit-valves  without  dorsal  appendages  (except 
in  the  two  doubtful  epecies). 
Leaves  thick,  tapering  at  the  base,  db.-curely  several-veined 
(unless  very  narrow).     Western  species. 
Leaves  (mostly  3  in.  or  more),  oblong-spathuh\te  or  hanceo- 

late,  obtuse,  entire.     Fruit  large  and  thick      .     .     .     .   15.  H.  Hoolceriana. 
Leaves  (1  to  2  in.)  oblong-linear  or  linear-hinceolate,  entire. 

Fruit  large  and  tliick 16.  //.  incrassata. 

Leaves  fan-shaped,  tootiied  at  the  end. 

Leaves    truncate   at   the    tootiied   end.     Perianth-tube 

narrow,  under  3  hnes  long 17.  H.  jlahellifolia. 

Leaves    rounded  at    the  toothed  end.      Perianth-tube 
broad,  above  3  lines  long. 
Leaf-teeth   short  and  callons.     Seed-wing  decurrent 

on  both  margins  of  the  nucleus 18.  H.  Brownii. 

Leaf-teeth  prickly.     Seed-wing  decurrent  only  on  the 

upi^er  margin  of  the  nucleus 19.   H.  Ba.rteri. 

Leaves  trom  broadiy  cuneate  to  long  and  narrow,  mostly 

lobed  or  variously  divlded 20.  H  ceratopliijlla. 

Leaves    not    so   thlck,    ianceolate,   obscurely   pennlveined. 
Fruit  much  longer  than  broad. 
Leaves  1  to  2  in.  long.     Perianth  densely  vlllous.     Wes- 

tern  species 21.  H.  lasiantha. 

Leaves  3  to  5  in.  long.     Perianth  silky.    Eastern  species  .  22.  //.  eriuiitlia. 
Leaves    tiilck  and   velnless    or  obscurely    pennivelned,  but 
flowers  unknown  and  therefore  the  affinlties  doubtful. 
Fruit-valves  wlth  dorsal  appendages. 
Leaves  obovate-oblong  (l^  to  3  in.).     Fruit  above  2  in. 

long,  14  in.  broad 23.  H.  rnega^osperma. 

Leaves  narrow-oblong  (1  to  2  In.).     Fruit    f   in.  long, 

under  4  I'i-  broad        24.  H.  clavata. 

Leaves  mixed  linear-terete  and  flat,  or  some  or  all  ilnear-terete 
and  divided.     Westem  species. 
Leaves    narrow-llnear  or    rarely   terete,    entlre    or   pinnate, 
grooved    undcrncath.     Frnit    large,   with  a  long  stralght 
beak 2.5.  //.  ortlii.rrhyncha. 


492  civ.  PROTEACE^,  \llahea. 

Leavps  sonie  linear-terete  and  somc  Hnearand  flat,  allentire, 
not  grooved.    Periantb  loosely  viilous.     Fruit  ratlier  large, 

witii  a  sliort  inflexed  beak 26.  H.  Candclhana. 

Leaves  ali  or  almost  all  terete  and  divided.    reriantli  viljous. 
Friiit  narrow. 
Lcaves  niostly  li  to  3  in.,  wifli  .3  segments  ;  a  few  ofton 

entire  and  flat.     Stigmatic  dislc  broad 27.   H.  trifurcata. 

Leaves  niostly  1  in.  with  3  or  5  segmeiits.    Stigniatic  disk 

oblong  linear 28.  H.  erinacaa. 

Leaves  all  eiitire,  linear-terete. 
Western  species. 

Leaves   thick,  3   to   5  in    long.      Periantli   above  4  lines. 
Fruit  globular,  smooth,  l^  to  2  in.   diameter.     Seeds 

winged  ali  round 29.  H. platysj)erma. 

Leaves  slender,  1  to  3  in.     Perianth  1  line.     Fruit  com- 

jjressed,  rugose,  1  in.  diameter.    Seeds  wingcd  all  round  30.  H.  brachyptera. 
Leaves  slender,  1  to  3  in.     Perianth  small.     Fruit  under 
1  in.,  smooth,  thick,  broadly  beaked.     Seed-wing  decur- 

rcnt  on  one  side 31.  H.  Kippistlana. 

Leaves  thick,  shoit.    Perianth  2  lines.    Fruit  narrow,  two- 

horned      Seed-wing  decurrunt  on  one  side 32.  H.  Preissii. 

Eastein  species. 

Fruit-heak  straight  orobsolete. 

Fruit   narrow,  witli   an   obliquely  transverse  crestlike 

rugose  prominence  bolow  the  beak 33.  H  ■pvglonlformis. 

Fruit  wilh  a  broad  gibbous  base  and  scarcely  distinct 

broad  beak,  without  any  crest 3i.  H.  Pampliniana. 

Fruit  ovoid,  nearly  smooth,  with  a  broad  smooth  darlc 

line  down  eacli  suture 85.  H.  vittata. 

Fruit    recurved  at  the  base,   then  incurved  with  an   in- 
flexed  beak. 
Fruit  nigose.     Stigmatic  disk  with  a  central  cone. 

Fiuit  above  1  in.  long,  f  in.  broad S6.  H.  rostrata. 

Fruic  I  to  I  in.  long,  under  ^  in.  broad 37.  H  rugo.ta. 

Fruit  sniooth.     Stigmatic  disk  flat 38.  i?.  epiglottis. 

Seriks  3.  Glabriflorae. — Perianth  glahrous.     Torus  struight  or  slightly  oblique, 
the  gland  scminnnular  or  none. 

Leaves    flat,    Inerved  or    obscurely  penniveined.      'Western 
species,  exi.ept  H.  saligna. 
Leaves  piickiytoothed  or  lobed,  stera-clasping  at   tlie  baso. 
Leaves  4  to  8  in.  long,  gradually  expanded  at  the   base 

iiito  large  prickly-toutlied  auricles '69.  H  amplcxicaidis. 

Lcaves  I4  to  3  in.,  more  or  liss  obovate  or  oblong-cu- 

neate,  usualiy  contracted  near  the  base iO.  H  glahella. 

Leaves  14  to  3  in.,  narrow,  dilated  at  the  end,  with  3  to 

5  prickly  teeth  or  lobes,  auricuiate  at  tlie  base      .     .     .  41.  H.  auricula'a. 
Leaves  distinctly  petiolate,   obovate,  undulate  and  piickly- 

tootlied 42.  H.  cristata. 

Leavcs  linear-lanceolate,  sessile,  prickly-toothed  or  entire     .  43.  H.  linearis. 
Leavcs  3  to  4  in.,  oblong-cuneate,  entire.     Umbels  axiliary, 

pedunculate 44.  //.  stenocarpoides. 

Leaves  sniall,  petiolate,  entire,  with  a  fiiie  point.     Branclies 

hiisute  with  loug  hairs.     Inflorescence  terininal       .     .     .  \o.  H.  ruscifoli  t. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  obtuse,  cntire.     Easlern  species       .     .     .  4l3.  H.  saligna. 
Leaves  terete.     lOastern  species. 

Styie  at  least  twice  as  long  as  the  perianth. 

Leaves  undivided.     Fruit  2  horned.     Seedwing  scarcely 

decurrunt 47.  77.  v:rrurosu. 


Hakea.]  civ.  ruoTEACE^.  493 

Leavcs  Jivided.     Fruit   scarccly  horiied.     Seed-wing  de- 

currenl  all  round  the  nuclcus 48.  H.  purpurea. 

Style  not  twicc  as  long  as  thc  pcrianth. 

redicels  pubescent  or  hirsute,  pcrianth  aloiie  glabrous. 
Branches  dcnsely  villous.     Fruit  as  broad  as  long,  with 

a  short  incurved  beak 49.  H.  rjibhosa. 

Branches  glabrous  or  scarcely  pubesceut. 
Periaiith  1  line  long. 

Fruit   as    broad    as    long,    straight   and    obtuse. 

Leaves  rather  stout 50.  Jl.  propinq^un. 

Fruit  narrower  than  long,  with  a  slightly  incurved 

beak.     Leaves  slendcr 5L  //.  nod  sa. 

Perianth  2  lines  long  or  more 52.  H.  acicul  iris. 

Pedicels  giabrous  as  well  as  the  tiower. 

Flowers  in  sbort  racemes,  the  peduncle  and  rhachis  4  to 

f  in.  long 53.  H.  leucoptera. 

Flowers  in  sessile  clusters. 

Lcaves  all  terete.     Fruit  \\  in.  long  and  nearly  as 

broad.     Seed-wing  decurrent  all  round  the  nucleus  54.  H.  cjclojjtera. 
Leaves  some  terete  and  sorae  flat.     Fruit  \  in.  long 

I  in.  broad.     Seed-wing  not  decurrent      ....  55.  //.  niicrocarpa. 
Leaves  terete.     Western  species.     Pedicels  always  glabious. 
Leaves  3  to  5  in.,  rigid,  thick,  spreading  or  recurved.  Peri- 

anth  3  lines  long 56.  H.  reurva. 

Leaves  |  to  Ig  in.  long,  terete  and  smooth. 

Branches  tomentose.      Perianth    2    lines.      Eacemes    or 
clusters  mostly  terminal.    Seed-wing  decurrent  all  round 

the  nucleus bl .  H.  circumalata. 

Quite  glabrous.     Eacemes  or  clusters  mostly  axillary. 
Perianth  near  3  Iines.     Fruit  about  4  in.  long.     Seed- 

wing  decurrent  on  one  side  of  the  nucleus     ....  58.  H.  commutata. 
Periantli  2    lines.     Fruit  14  to  2  in.   long,  very  tliick 
and    broad.      Seed-wiug    decurrent    all    round    the 
nucleus 59.  H.  slrumosa. 

Sect.  3.  Conogynoides. — Raccmes  usually  sJiort  or  reditcecl  to  s(ssile  clusters, 
rarely  elovgated,  enclosed  before  their  development  in  an  involucre  or  hud  of  imhricate 
scalcs.  Perianth  glahrous,  revolute  under  the  limb.  Stigmatic  cone  crect  or  scarcely 
oblique. 

Series  L  Iiongistylse. — Leares  flat,  entire,  ohlong-lanceolate  or  nnrrow.  Style 
at  l  ast  twice  as  long  us  the  perianth.  Stigmatic  cone  long  and  narrow.  WesUrn 
species,  one  aho  central. 

Leaves  (6  to  8  in.)  very  finely  many-nerved.     Kacemes  oblong, 

1  to  3  in.  long GO.  H  multilineata, 

Leaves  (4  to  6  in.)  3-  or  5-nerved,  ofteu  falcate,  on  long  petioles. 

Racemes  globular 61.  H.  laurina. 

Leaves  (under  3  in.)  3-nerved,  sessile Q2.  H.  ohtusa. 

Leaves  (4  to  7  in.)  very  thick,  narrovv,  very  pvominently  tripli- 

nerved,  tapering  at  the  base 63.  H.  cinerca. 

Leaves  (under  3   in.)   thick,    l-neiwcd,  tapering  to  the   base. 

Flower-clusters  almost  vcriicillate 64.  H  corymbosa. 

Series  2.  Petiolares. — L/aves  broad,  triplinerved  and  reticulate  {the  veins  promi- 
nent  or  obscure),  tapering  into  a  distinct  petiole.  Style  not  twice  as  long  as  the  pe- 
rianth.      Western  sjhcies. 

Leaves  prickly-toothed,  promiuently-veiued 65.  H.  undulata. 


494  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [Huhca. 

Lc.ives  quite  entire. 

Leaves   pioniinently    veiiied.     Perianth   near  3  lines   long. 
Fiuit  with  a  rather  iong  straight  beak. 
Leavcs  acuniinate.   Petiole  long.    Seed-wing  dccurrent  on 

both  niargins      .     .     .     .     / _.     .     .  6G.  .&  petiolaris. 

Leaves  scarcely  acuminate.    Petiole  sliort.     Seed-wing  de- 

current  on  one  margiii  only 67.  H.  neurophylla. 

Leaves  obscurely  vcined.     l'erianth  about  2  lines.     Fruit 

with  a  short  slightly  curved  beak 68.  H.  loranthifoUa. 

Seuies  3.  Sessiles. — Leates  hroad  to  ohlonglanceolate,  3-  or  more-nerved  and  re- 
ticulate,  ses.^iile  or  ntarly  so.      Western  species. 

Leaves  (of  the  flowering  stems)  broadly  orbicular-cordate,  entire 

or  prickly-toothed 69.  iF.  cucullala. 

Leaves  ovate  to  ovate-lanceohite,  acute  or  acuminate,  entiro. 

Leaves  ghibrous,  often  cordate,  shortly  acuminate.  Fruit  1  in. 

long,  inchiding  the  long  beak 70.  H.  ferruginea. 

Leaves  usualiy  pubescent,  acutely  acuminate,  never  cordate. 

Fruit  4  iii-  hmg,  not  distinctly  beaked 7L  H.  smilacifolia. 

Leaves  obtuse  or  with  a  small  callous  point. 

Leaves  broadly  oval  or  ellipticai,  several-nerved      .     .     .     .  12.  H.  elliptica. 

Leaves  obloug-elliptical  to  lanceolate,  3-ncrved 73.  H  ambigua. 

Series  4.  Nervosse. — Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear,  p>rominenllii  3-  or  more-nerved 
(rarely  2-  or  \-nerved  when  very  narrow),  smooth  hetween  the  nerves. 
Easternspecies.  Seed-wing  decurrent  on  one  side  of  the  nucleus. 
Leaves  4  to  6  in.  long,  falcate,  5-  to  9-nerved.  Peiianth  2  lines 

long 74.  H  plurinervia. 

Leaves    lanceolate   or  linear-lanceolate,    usually    3-iierved. 
Perianth  1  line  long. 
Leaves  usually  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  not  pungent. 

Pedicels  silky-pubescent 75.  H.  dartyloides. 

Leaves  usually  linear-lanceolate  or  linear,  pungcnt-pointed. 

Pedicels  glabrous 76.  H.  ulicina. 

Westein  species.    Seed-wing  decurrent  all  round  the  nucleus. 

Leaves  linear  hinceolate,  3-nerved,  under  3  in.  long      .     .     .  77.  H.  falcata. 
Leaves  linear,  very  tliick  and  silky,  4  to  8  in.  long       .     ,     .  78.  H.  pycnoneura. 

Series  5.  XJninerves. — Leaves  narroiv  or  small,  flat,  1-nerved  with  nerve-lihe 
margins,     Fruit-valves  without  dorsal  ajjpendages.      Western  specics. 

Leaves  linear,  very  thick  and  silky,  4  to  8  in.  long     .     .     .     .78.  H.  pycnoneura. 
Leaves  hnear  or  lanceolate,  IJ  to  4  in.  long.    Fruit  1   to  1.^  in. 

long,  2  to  3  lines  broad 79.  H  stenocarpa. 

Leaves  lanceolate,   |  to  l^  in.  long.     Fruit  |  in.  long,  3  to  4 

lines  broad 80.  H.  marginata. 

Leaves  mostly  ovate,  4  to  I  in,  long,  with  a  long  point    .     .     .  Hi..  H.  myrtoides. 
Leaves  liuear,  pungent-pointed,  under  4  in.  long,  the   keel  or 

midrib  vcry  promineut  underueath 82.  H.  costata. 

Series  6.  Enerves. — Leaves  mostly  flat,  ohscurely  penniveined,  the  midrih  not 
prominent,  entire  pricldy  toothed  or  lobed.  Fruit-valves  with  dorsal  horns  or  jrrotu- 
berances.      Westerii  species. 

Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  quite  entire  or  very  rarely  with  1  or 

2  minute  tceth 83.  H  oleifolia. 

Leaves  lanceolalc,  acute,  mostly  prickly-toothed 84.  H.florida. 

Lcaves  more  or  less  cuucate  or  piiinatihd  with  prickly  teeth  or 

lobes,  thick  and  liere  and  there  almost  terete 85.  H.  varia. 


Ilakca.]  CIV.    PHOTEACE^.  495 

Sekies  7.  Teretifoliae. — Leai:es  Hnear-terete  entirc,  asuaUi/  anyidar  or  strlote 
(rarelij  a  few  flat  ones  inlerniixed).  Fruit-valveaioithont  dorsal  appanduges.  Western 
sjiecies  eiccept  II.  flexilis. 

Leaves  snlcate,  occasionally  flat. 

Fniit  ovoid  ;  bealv  str.iight.     Flowcrs  iii  closc  cliisters     .     .  8(3.  H.  sulcata. 

Fruit  sni:ill,  ovoid-globular,  witli  aii  infle.xed  beak.     Flowcrs 

iii  short  dense  racenies 87.  H.  Meissneriana. 

Leaves  very  fiiiely  striate.     Fruit-boak  straight 88.  H.  subsulcata. 

Leav  es  angular  or  terete  and  smootli. 

Fruit  muricate  with  iringed  tubercles.     AVcstern  sijccies       .  89.  H.  Lehmnnniaiia. 

Fruit  smooth  or  rugose.     Eastern  species 90.  H.flexilis. 

Sect.  4.  Mang^lesioides. — Bacemes  sliort  or  reduccd  to  sessile  clusters,  enclosed 
hefore  their  di  relopmtut  in  an  hwolucre  or  Imd of  imbricate  scales.  Perianth glabrous, 
straight,  the  limb  erect  in  the  bud.     iStigmcdic  cone  erect.      Western  sjyecies. 

Leaves  obovate  oblong  or  lanceolate,  entire  or  prickly-tootlieJ  .91.  H.  nitida. 
Leaves  terete  (iiiider  2  in.),  sniooth,  undivided,  pungent-pointed  92.  H.  Oldfleldii. 
Leaves  terete  (3  to  4  in.),  simpiy  pinnate  or  also  undivided, 

stout 93.  H  suaveolens. 

Leaves  terete  (1  to  l^  in.),  twice  or  simjily  pinnate  with  few 
segments. 
Ehachis  of  the  clusters  under  j  iii.  long.     Fruits  |  to  f  in. 

long,  witli  short  dorsal  horiis 94.  H.  lissocarpa. 

Ehachis  of  the  mcenies  \  to  ^  in.  long.     Fruits  |   to    1    in. 

long,  with  long  dorsal  horns 9o.  H  hipinnatiflda. 

H.  carduifolia,  Lodd.,  H  echinatn,  Mackay,  H.  Lamherti,  Sweet,  H.  latifolia,  Lodd., 
and  H.  subidata,  Cunn.,  entered  in  Steud.  Nom.  Bot.  ed.  2,  are  garden  names  without 
descriptions,  belonging  probably  to  S'ime  of  the  spucies  hero  enumerated. 

H.  lonf/ifolia  and  H.  tenuifolia,  Diim.  Cours.  in  Roein.  aiid  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  425,  are 
also  garden  plants  dcscribed  only  as  to  their  foliage,  and  quite  iusufficientiy  for  re- 
cognition. 

Sect.  1.  Grevilleoides. — Flowers  in  oljlong  or  cylindrical  or 
rarely  short  racemes,  witliout  any  involucre  as  far  as  known,  Perianth 
much  revolute,  opening-  early  on  the  lower  sicle.  Stig-matic  disk  oblique 
or  lateral,  llat  or  broadly  conical.     Species  all  tropical  or  subtropical. 

1.  H.  chordophylla,  F.  Mucll.  iii  Hook.  Kem  Journ.  ix.  23.  A  tree 
perfectly  gdabrous  and  more  or  less  g-hiucous.  Leaves  terete,  smooth, 
mostly  from  |  to  1  ft.  long-.  Racemes  from  the  old  wood,  loosely  cy- 
lindrical,  3  to  4  in.  long-,  quite  g-hibrous.  Pedicels  about  \  in.  lono-. 
Perianth  g'labrous,  the  tube  4  to  5  lines  long-,  much  dilated  and  oblique 
at  the  base,  revolute  under  the  limb.  Torus  very  oblique.  Gland  larg-e, 
horseshoe-shaped.  Ovary  stipitate  ;  style  long- ;  stig-matic  disk  broad, 
oblicjue,  not  convex.  Fruit  oblic|uely  lanceolate,  about  1|  in.  lono-  ancl 
I  in.  broad  near  the  base,  tapering-  into  a  short  slightly  incurved  beak. 
Seed-wing-  not  decurrent  along-  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod  xiv 
699. 

N.  Australia.  Stiirt's  Crcek,  F.  Mueller  (the  periaiith-tube  scarceiy  4  lines  lono-) ; 
Kekwick  spiings,   Waterhouse  (tlie  periauthtuije  fully  5  lines  long). 

2.  H.  Cunninghamii,  If.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  26.  A  small  tree  of  12 
to  16  ft.  Leaves  terete,  rigid,  mostly  above  1  ft.  long-,  but  usually  not 
so  long-  as  in  H.  lorca.     Racemes  lateral  on  the  old  wood,  loosely  cylin- 


496  civ.   PROTEACE.E.  [Hakca. 

drical,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  tlie  rliachis  pedicels  and  porianths  chithed  with 
appressed  silky  hairs.  Pedicels  3  to  5  lines  long-.  Perianth-tube  4  to 
5  lines  h)ng-,  somewhat  dihited  and  very  ohlique  at  the  base,  attenuate 
and  revohite  under  tlie  hmb.  Torus  very  oblique.  Gland  hirg-e,  horse- 
shoe-shaped.  Ovary  on  a  long-  stij^es.  Style  very  long-,  sHg-htly  clavate 
under  the  oblique  convex  or  broadly  conical  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  ob- 
liquely  ovate-hmceolate,  l^  to  1|  in.  long-  and  |  in.  thick.  Seed-wing^ 
not  decurrent  along-  the  nucleus  or  onl}'  very  shortly  so  on  tlie  upper 
margin. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  394  j  H.  longifolia,  A.  Cunn. 
Herb. ;  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  vi.  190. 

N.  Australia.  Bay  of  Rest,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunnivgham ;  Nichol  Bay,  F.  Gre- 
gorifs  E.rpedition ;  Yictoiia  liver,  F.  Mueller. 

3.  H.  lorea,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  25.  A  tall  shrub  or  tree  attaining 
20  ft.  Leaves  terete,  smooth,  often  above  2  ft.  long-  and  rarely  under 
1  ft.,  very  rarely  (on  barren  branches  ?  or  young-  phmts  ?)  a  few  once 
or  even  twice  forked  or  trifid.  Racemes  cylindrical,  in  the  upper  axils, 
sometimes  forked  or  in  a  terminal  cluster,  more  dense  than  in  II.  Cm- 
ninghamii,  from  under  3  in.  to  fully  G  in.  long-,  the  rhachis  pedicels  and 
perianths  densely  pubescent  with  shorter  hairs  much  less  appressed 
than  in  H.  CunniiifjrJtamii.  Perianth-tube  nearly  4  Hnes  long",  shg'htly 
dilated  below  the  middle,  revolute  upwards.  Torus  oblique  but  less  so 
than  in  H.  CHnninghamii.  Gland  large,  horseshoe-shaped.  Ovary 
stipitate  ;  style  long-,  with  a  very  obhque  broadly  conical  stig-matic  disk. 
— Meissn.  in  DC,  Prod,  xiv,  394;  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  vi.  189;  Grevilka 
lorea,  R,  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  177,  Prod.  380. 

N.  Australia.     Attack  Creek,  M^Douall  Stuarfs  Ejpedition. 

Queensland.  Slioalwater  Bay,  B.  Brown ;  1'ort  Denison,  Fifzalan ;  Eockhanip- 
ton,  Tliozet  ;  Cape  river  and  Nerkool  Creek,  Bowman ;  Dyngie,  Miss  lioss ;  also  in 
Leichhardt^s  coUeclion. 

Several  of  the  above-quoted  specimens  are  not  in  flower,  and  are  therefore  in  some 
measure  doubtful. 

4.  H.  Fraseri,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  26.  A  tall  shrub,  the  branches 
much  more  slender  than  in  H.  lorea,  of  which  it  may  possibly  be  a 
variety.  Leaves  much  more  slender,  4  to  8  in.  long-.  Racemes  only 
1  to  2  in.  long-.  Pedicels  2  to  3  Hnes.  Flowers  of  H.  lorea,  but  smaller, 
the  perianth-tube  not  above  3  lines  long-.  Fruit  unknown  in  both 
species. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  394. 

N.  S.  'V^Tales.  Hastings  river,  Fraser,  and  proLably  from  the  same  neighbour- 
hood,  Ilerh.  F.  Mueller,  apparently  froni  Leichhardt. 

5.  H.  macrocarpa,  A.  Cunn.  in  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  30.  A  tree  of  15 
to  20  ft.  of  robust  growth  with  a  rug"g'ed  bark,  Leaves  linear-Ianceo- 
late,  6  to  8  in.  long-,  2  to  5  lines  broad,  mostly  obtuse,  tapering-  at  the 
base,  thick,  minutely  silky-pubescent  on  both  sides,  the  veins  long-itu- 
dinal,  slightly  anastomosing-,  scarcely  prominent.  Racemes  loosely 
cvlindrical,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  toniontose-pubescent  as  in  II.  lorea.  Pedi- 
cels  2  to  5  lines  long.     Perianth-tube  ahout  5  lines,  oblique,  dilated 


Ilakca.]  civ.  proteace.i:.  497 

below  tlie  middle,  revolute  upwards.  Torus  oblique.  Gland  larg-e, 
semicircular.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate,  style  ratlier  thick,  not  long-; 
stig-matic  disk  oblique,  broadly  conical.  Fruit  ovate-lanceolate,  l^  to 
1|  in.  long,  7  to  8  lines  broad. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  411  ;  F. 
Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  191  ;  Grevillea  Alphonsiana,  F.  Muell.  in  Hook.  Kew 
Journ.  ix.  '22 ;  Meissn.  l.c.  699. 

N.  Australia.     Arid  shores  of  Cygnet  Bay,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunningham ;  Koe- 
buck  Bay  and  lilenelg  river,  Martiri ;  remotest  parts  of  Sturt's  Creek,  F.  3Iueller. 
IV.  Australia.     Three  hundred  miles  up  the  Murchison  river,  Walcott. 

6.  H.  arborescens,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  187,  Prod. 
386.  A  tall  shrub  or  small  tree,  the  young-  shoots  silky.  Leaves 
linear  linear-hinceohite  or  sometimes  rather  broader  and  shghtly 
falcate,  obtuse  or  acuminate,  contracted  at  the  base,  longitudinally  but 
obscurely  several-veined,  minutely  silky-pubescent  on  both  sides,  3  to 
6  in.  long-.  Flowers  small,  in  short  dense  ahnost  globular  racemes  or 
clusters  on  lateral  peduncles  of  \  to  |  in.,  often  on  the  old  wood.  Pedi- 
cels  filiform,  1  to  2  hnes  long-.  Perianth  silky-pubescent,  the  tube 
slender,  scarcely  IJ  lines  long,  revolute  under  the  hmb.  Torus  straight. 
Gland  semiannular,  not  very  prominent.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate.  Stig- 
matic  disk  nearly  straight  with  a  short  broad  cone.  Fruit  nearly 
straight,  1|  to  nearly  2  in.  long,  1  in.  broad,  very  shortly  beaked.  Seed- 
wing  decurrent  along  the  upper  raarg-in  of  the  nucleus  to  the  base. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  410. 

N.  Australia.     Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentavia,  R.  Brown,  Henne  ;  Copeland 
island,  A.  Cunningham  ;  Victoria  river,  F.  3IueUer ;  Port  Essington,  Armstrong. 
Queensland.     Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy  ;  Mount  Elliott,  Fitzalan. 

7?  H.  stenophylla,  A.  Cunn.  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  417.  A 
small  tree  of  12  to  15  ft.,  glabrous  or  the  young  shoots  minutely  hoary. 
Leaves  very  narrow-linear,  entire,  ilat,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  rather  thick, 
veinless  or  with  a  scarcely  prominent  midrib.  Flowers  unknown. 
Fruit  rather  above  1  in.  long,  f  in.  thick,  smooth  with  a  very  short 
conical  straight  beak.  Seed-wing  broad,  more  or  less  decurrent  all 
round  the  nucleus. 

N.  Australia.  Arid  sands,  Bay  of  Eest,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunningham. — Appears 
allied  to  H.  arlorescens,  but  the  affinilies  muet  be  very  uncertain  until  the  flowers  are 
known. 

8.  H.  trineura,  F.  Mi/ell.  Frar/m.  iii.  146.  A  tree  ?,  tlie  branches 
and  foliage  very  minutely  hoary-tomentose.  Leaves  obhjng-cuneate  or 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  shortpetiole,  3  to  5  in.  long,  rather 
thick,  triplinerved  and  very  obUquely  ahnost  longitudinally  veined,  the 
margins  nerve-like,  not  recurved,  the  veins  equalh^  conspicuous  on 
both  sides.  Racemes  axillary,  about  2  in.  long.  Pedicels  ^  to  1  in. 
lonf.  Perianth  glabrous  as  well  as  the  whole  inilorescence,  the  tube 
fullv  3  lines  long,  revohite  under  the  globuhir  hmb.  Torus  straight. 
Gland  thick,  semicircuhir.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  ;  style  long ;  stig-- 
matic  disk  obhque,  broad,  conical  in  the  centre.  Fruit  IJ  in.  long,  | 
iu.  thick,  smooth,  sliglitly  incurved,  scarcely  bcaked.  Soed-wingshortly 

VOL.   V.  K  K 


498  CIV.    PROTEACEiE.  [lluhca. 

decurrent  on  the  upper  margin  of  the   nucleus. — GrcvUlca  trincura,  F. 
Muell.  l.c. 

Queensland.     Broad  Sound,  Boioman;  Kockliamiiton,  Thozet. 

Sect.  2.  EuHAKEA. — Racemes  usually  short  or  reduced  to  sessile 
clusters,  enclosed  before  their  development  in  an  invohicre  or  hud  of 
imbricate  scales,  faning-  off  very  early.  Perianth  revohite  either  from 
the  middle  or  close  under  the  Hmh.  Stigmatic  disk  ohHque  or  lateral, 
flat  or  shg-htly  convex,  very  rarely  (in  //.  rurjosa  and  H.  rostrata)  with 
a  central  cone,  and  those  species  differing-  from  Conogynoidcs  in  the 
pubescent  perianth  and  short  cone. 

Series  1.  Obliqu^. — Perianth  pubescent.  TorusobHque,  theovary 
inserted  at  the  shortest  marg-in,  the  remainder  occupied  Ity  a  hirg-e  very 
concave  adnate  g-land. 

9.  H.  cyclocarpa,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  36.  A  shrub  of  5  or  6 
ft.,  the  branches  and  fohag-e  g-labrous  in  our  specimens.  Leaves  oblong-- 
hmceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  but  not  rounded  at  the  end,  tapering-  from 
the  middle  into  a  short  petiole,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  thick,  entire,  with  ob- 
scure  long-itudinal  veins,  sometimes  nearly  IJ  in.  broad  in  the  middle. 
Flowers  in  axilhiry  clusters  or  very  short  racemes.  Pedicels  silky- 
pubescent,  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  silky-pubescent,about  5  hneslong', 
reflexed  under  the  globular  hmb.  Torus  obhque,  tlie  greater  portion 
occupied  by  a  larg-e  very  concave  g-land.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  at  the 
lower  margin ;  style  not  long-;  stig-matic  disk  obhque.     Fruit  IJ  in. 

•long-,  1  in.  broad,  compressed,  recurved  at  the  base,  then  incurved,  with 
a  broad  inflexed  beak,  the  valves  with  a  dorsal  truncate  protuberance  at 
the  top.  Seed-wing"  narrowly  decurrent  on  the  upper  margin. — Meissn. 
in  Pi.  Preiss.  i.  573,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  415. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  liver  to  King  George's  Sound,  Drummond,  n.  108,  279,  ist 
coll.  V.  609,  Preiss,  n.  576,  Harvey. —The  shape  of  the  fruit  is  near  that  of  H.  rostrata 
and  its  allies,  the  flowers  and  foliage  very  diflerent. 

10.  H.  crassifolia,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Prciss.  i.  570,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  412.  A  tall  slirub,  attaining-12  to  15  ft.,  the  branches  closely  to- 
mentose,  the  adidt  fohage  glabrous.  Lea\ .  s  mostly  oblong-,  broad  or 
narrow,  rounded  at  the  end  with  a  small  callous  point,  shortly  contracted 
at  the  base,  1-J-  to  3  in.  long-,  very  thick,  with  obscure  h:)ng-itudinal  veins. 
Racemes  short,  shortly  pedunculate,  axillary,  the  rhachis  and  peduncle 
together  3  or  4  lines  long-.  Pedicels  silky-pubescent,  about  3  lines 
long.  Perianth  silky-pubescent,  the  tube  fully  5  lines  long-,  revolute 
under  the  ovoid  almost  acuminate  limb.  Torus  oblique,  the  upper  por- 
tion  occupied  by  a  large  concave  g-land.  Ovary  nearly  sessile  on  the 
lower  margin  ;  style  not  long-,  thickened  under  the  oblique  stigmatic  disk. 
Fruit  nearly  l^  in.  long-  and  broad,  neither  rugose  nor  cristate,  yet 
not  smooth.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  down  both  sides  round  the  base  of 
the  nucleus. 

"W.  Australia,  Drtimmond,  Atli  coll.  n.  293 ;  sand  plains,  Kaigan  river,  Oldfield; 
Siirliiig  Kange  to  E.  Mount  Barren,  3Iaxwell. 


Hakea.]  civ,  proteace^.  499 

11.  H.  pandanicarpa,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  29.  An  erect  shrub, 
rarely  over  0  ft.  hig-li,  the  young-  shoots  hoary  or  silky,  the  adult  foliage 
glabrous.  Leaves  narrowlv  oblong--cuneate,  obtuse  with  a  callous  point, 
tapering-  into  a  short  petiole  and  often  shortly  decurrent  on  the  branch, 
2  to  4  in.  long",  thick  and  veinless  or  with  a  few  obscure  long-itudinal 
veins.  Racemes  short,  axillary,  silky-piibescent,  the  rhachis  often  \  in. 
long-,  the  pedicels  3  to  4  Hnes.  Perianth  silky-pubescent,  the  tube 
about  6  lines  long-,  revolute  under  the  ovoid  limb.  Torus  very  oblique, 
the  upper  portion  occupied  by  a  larg-e  concave  g"land.  Ovary  nearly 
sessile,  very  spreading-  irom  the  lower  marg-in  of  the  torus.  Style  not 
long- ;  stig-matic  disk  oblong*,  almost  lateral.  Fruit  tlie  larg-est  of  the 
g"enus,  ovoid-giobular,  2  to  2|  in.  diameter,  covered  with  larg^e  conical 
])rotuberances  resembling-  the  drupes  of  a  Pandanus  fruit  but  very  hard. 
Seed-wing-  surrounding-  the  nucleus,  but  broader  above  tlian  below. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  412 ;  Hook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  434. 

"W.  Australia.  Towards  Cape  Ariil,  Baxter ;  gravelly  coast  hills,  Stokes  Inlet 
to  Cape  Le  Grand,  Cape  Arid,  Cape  Paisley,  and  Russell  Range,  Maxwell. 

12.  H.  Roei,  Bentli.  Branches  minutely  hoary.  Leaves  lanceo- 
late  or  oblong'-linear,  mucronate,  sometimes  falcate,  tapering*  into  a 
short  petiole,  IJ  to  2|  in.  long-,  thick,  veinless  or  obscurely  marked. 
with  a  few  longitudinal  veins.  Flowers  few  in  sessile  axillary  clusters. 
Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long-,  silky-ferruginous  as  well  as  the  flowers. 
Perianth-tube  4  or  6  lines  long-,  recurved  under  the  g-lobular  limb. 
Torus  very  oblique,  the  upper  portion  occupied  by  a  large  concave 
giand.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  from  the  lower  marg-in  of  the  torus ; 
style  not  long-,  slightly  thickened  under  the  broad  lateral  stigmatic  disk. 

W.  Australia,  /.  *?.  Roe.  Tlie  foliage  is  nearly  that  of  H.  incrassata,  the  flowers 
very  different,  the  fruit  unknown. 

13.  H.  adnata,  B.  Br.  Prof.  Nov.  26.  A  rig-id  bushy  shrub  of  3  or 
4  ft.,  the  young-  branches  hoary,  the  adult  foliag-e  giabrous.  Leaves 
terete,  smooth,  with  a  straigiit  or  incurved  point,  attenuate  at  the  base, 
mostly  2  to  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  few  tog-ether  in  axillary  clusters  on 
silky  "pedicels  of  1  to  2  lines.  Perianth  silky-pubescent,  the  tube  3  to 
3J  lines  long-,  revolute  under  the  giobular  limb.  Torus  oblique,  but 
not  so  much  so  as  in  H.  ohliqua,  the  g-reater  portion  occupied  by  the 
larg-e  concave  giand.  Ovary  almost  sessile  at  the  lower  margin  of  the 
torus ;  style  not  very  long",  dilated  at  the  end  into  a  large  oblique  con- 
cave  disk  Avith  the  stigma  prominent  in  the  centre.  Fruit  1  to  1|  in. 
long"  and  1  in.  broad,  very  oblique,  much  compressed  and  smooth  when 
nearly  ripe,  very  thick  and  sometimes  rug-ose  when  perfect,  with  a 
small  conical  inflexed  beak,  without  dorsal  appendages  to  the  valves. 
Seed-wing-  as  broad  as  the  capsule,  decurrent  along-  tlie  upper  margin 
and  verv  narrowlv  so  along  the  lower  margin  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn. 
in  DC.  "Prod.  xiv.^^^OG  ;  H.  lativalvis,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  219. 

"W.  Australia.  South  coast,  Baxter  ;  sand  plains  north  of  Cape  Arid,  Esperance 
Bay  and  Russell  Range,  3Jaxicell. 

K  k2 


500  civ.   PKOTEACEiii.  [Hakea. 

14.  H.  obliqua,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  180,  Prnd.  382.  A 
spreading-  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  tlie  branches  minutely  hoary-pubescent, 
the  foliag-e  glabrous.  Leaves  terete,  smooth,  rigid,  mucronate,  1  to  2 
in.  long-,  thick  and  divaricate  in  some  specimens,  twice  as  long,  thinner 
and  more  erect  in  others.  Flowers  iu  sessile  axillary  clusters.  Pedicels 
1  to  l^  lines  long-.  Perianth  silky,  the  tube  3  lines  long-  or  rather 
more,  revolute  under  the  ovoid  sliortly  acuminate  limb,  Torus  very 
oblique,  the  g-reater  part  occupied  by  a  larg-e  concave  g-land.  Ovary 
shortly  stipitate  at  the  lower  margin  of  the  torus ;  style  not  very  long 
with  a  broad  lateral  stigmatic  disk  umbonate  in  the  centre.  Capsule 
recurved  at  the  base,  about  1  in.  long"  and  -|  in.  broad,  rug-ose,  with  a 
short  straight  conical  beak,  without  dorsal  appendag-es.  Seed-wing^ 
decurrent  along-  both  margins  round  the  base  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  395. 

"W.  Australia.  Liicky  Bay,  E.  Brown ;  between  Swan  river  and  King  George's 
Sound,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  329,  330  ;  sci-ubs  north  of  Stirling  Range,  F.  Mueller  ; 
Cape  Paisley,  Cape  Le  Grand  and  Orleans  Bay,  Maxwell. 

Series  2.  PuBiFLORiE. — Periauth  pubescent.  Torus  straight  or  if 
oblique  the  g-land,  thick  or  semiannular,  inserted  on  the  lowest  side. 

15.  H.  Hookeriana,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  412.  A  tree  of 
15  to  20  ft.,  the  young-  branches  minutely  silky-pubescent,  the  foliage 
glabrous.  Leaves  oblong--spathulate  or  oblanceolate,  very  obtuse,  entire, 
tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  3  to  4  in.  long-,  |  to  1  in.  wide,  very  thick, 
with  faintly  visible  longitudinal  veins.  Flowers  small,  iu  sessile 
axillary  clusters.  Pedicels  silvery-silky,  not  1  line  long-.  Perianth 
pubescent  with  small  appressed  reddish  hairs,  the  tube  about  2  lines 
long-,  rather  broad,  rellexed  under  the  ovoid-globular  limb.  Torus 
straight.  Gland  semiannular,  Ovary  nearly  sessile  ;  style  not  long- ; 
stig-matic  disk  oblique,  Fruit  very  thick,  almost  didymous,  oblique,  2 
to  2|  in.  long-  and  nearly  2  in.  broad,  broadly  furrowed  along-  the  upper 
suture,  rugose  with  irregular  raised  lines,  the  beak  very  short  or 
obtuse.     Seed-wing"  scarcely  decurrent. 

W,  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  »i.  413;  K.  Mount  Barrcn  Eange,  Maxtvell. 
— The  contrast  of  tlie  white  pedicels  and  reddish  fiowcrs  is  very  evidcnt  in  the  dried 

Bpecimens. 

16.  H.  incrassata,  1{.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  29.  A  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft,, 
with  tomentose  branches,  Leaves  oblong"-linear  or  linear-lanceolate, 
acute  but  scarcely  j)ung-ent,  entire,  contracted  into  a  very  sliort  petiole, 
1  to  2  or  rarely  3  in.  long-,  thick  and  veinless  or  obscurely  3-uerved. 
Flowers  very  small,  in  sessile  axillary  clusters.  Pedicels  about  2  lines 
long,  liirsute.  Perianth  hirsute,  the  tube  scarcely  1|  lines  long-,  much 
revolute,  the  upper  seg-ments  short.  Torus  small.  Gland  ratherbroad, 
Ovary  very  shortly  stipitate ;  style  short,  witli  a  large  lateral  stig-matic 
disk.  Fruit  globular,  1  to  near  1|  in.  diameter,  suiooth  Avith  a  few 
rough  blotches,  slightly  furrowed  at  the  sutures,  witli  a  very  short 
inflexed  beak  on  the  uppcr  side.     Seed-wing-  broadly  decurrent  down 


Hakea.]  civ.   photeacejE.  501 

both  sides  of  tlie  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  411 ;  Hook.  Ic. 
PI.  t.  442  ;  H.  lcKcadendnm,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  572,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  411. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser,  J.  S.  Boe,  Druimnond,  n.  100,  \st  coll.  n. 
603,  Freiss,  n.  568,  578  ;  Belgarup,  Oldfield. 

17.  H.  flabellifolia,  3fem?i.  in  Hooh\  Kcm  Journ.  vii.  116,  and  in  DC. 

Prod.  xiv.  409.  An  erect  slirub,  with  minutely  hoary  branches  or  quite 
g-labrous.  Leaves  cuneate  but  not  so  broad  as  in  H.  Baxteri  and  rather 
truncate  than  rounded  at  the  toothed  end,  tapering-  into  a  long" 
petioie,  IJ  to  2  in.  long-,  f  to  1  in.  broad  at  the  end,  very  thick  and 
obscurely  veined.  Flowers  in  axillary  clusters,  much  smaller  than  in 
H.  Baxteri.  Pedicels  not  1  line  long.  Perianth  silky-pubescent,  the 
tube  under  3  lines  long,  revolute  under  the  g'lobular  limb.  Torus 
nearly  straig'ht.  Gland  thick,  not  very  large.  Ovary  very  shortly 
stipitate ;  style  not  very  long,  with  an  oblique  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit 
unknown. 

\ir.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Miirchison  rivers,  Drummond,  Gth.  coll.  n. 
196. 

18.  H.  Brownii,  ]\Ieissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  5G9,  and  ii.  261,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  409.  Very  closely  allied  to  H.  Baxteri,  and  perhaps  a  variety. 
Leaves  rather  thicker,  the  veins  less  conspicuous  and  the  teeth  shorter 
and  less  prickly.  Flowers  quite  the  same.  Fruit  rather  broader  than 
in  H.  Baxteri,  the  very  small  beak  more  oblique  and  the  seed-wing* 
decurrent  down  both  margins  of  the  nucleus. 

V^.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  296,  Preiss,  n.  552. 

19.  H.  Baxteri,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  28.  An  erect  shrub  of  6  to  8  ft., 
giabrous  or  the  young  shoots  and  branches  minutely  hoary-pubescent. 
Leaves  very  broadly  cuneate  fan-shaped  or  almost  reniform,  the 
broad  rounded  end  undulate  and  shortly  prickly-toothed,  contracted 
into  a  distinct  but  broad  petiole,  shortly  decurrent  on  the  stem,  thick, 
with  obscure  radiating*  branching-  veins,  IJ  to  2^  in.  broad.  Flowers 
in  sessile  axillary  clusters.  Pedicels  rarely  above  1  line  long.  Perianth 
ferruginous-pubescent,  the  tube  broad,  8  to  3|  lines  long-,  contracted 
above  the  middle  and  revolute  under  the  ovoid  limb,  Torus  oblique. 
Gland  thick,  semicircular.  Ovary  very  shortly  stipitate,  spreading" 
from  the  base  ;  style  long;  stigmatic  disk  oblic[ue.  Fruit  about  l^  in. 
long',  1  in.  broad,  rugose,  shortly  beaked.  Seed-wing  decurrent  down 
the  upper  margin  of  the  nucleus  to  the  base,  but  not  along-  the  lower 
margin. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  569,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  409  ; 
Hook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  439. 

TV.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  to  Ihe  castward,  Baxter,  Drummond,  n. 
161,  ith  coll.  n.  295  ;  Cape  Riche,  Preiss,  n.  553,  Maxwell ;  Stirling  Range,  F.  Mueller. 

20.  H.  ceratophylla,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  184,  Prod.  384. 
An  erect  or  spreading  shrub  of  2  to  5  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  slightly 
silky-pubescent,  the  adult  foliage  glabrous.     Leaves  remarkably  diver- 


602  Civ.    PROTEACE^.  [Halua. 

siHed  in  form,  usually  narrow,  more  or  less  cuneate,  taperino-  into  a 
long-  base,  irreg-ularly  and  deeply  divided  in  tlie  upper  lialf  into  3  un- 
equal  coarsely  toothed  lobes,  but  a  few  leaves  soniotimes  quite  ontire 
and  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  or  the  whole  leaf  narrow  and  pinnately 
divided  into  short  and  broad  or  long-  and  narrow  divaricate  lobos,  or  the 
3  lobes  long-,  narrow,  and  toothed,  or  all  3  broadly  cuneate  and  3-  or  5- 
lobed,  the  whole  leaf  2  to  4  in.  long-,  or  long-er  when  very  narrow, 
thick  and  irreg-ularly  ahnost  long-itudinally  veined,  the  veins  obscure  or 
equally  prominent  on  both  sides,  the  lobes  or  teeth  pointed  and  often 
pung-ent.  Flowers  in  small  sessile  chisters,  axiUary  or  at  the  old  nodes. 
Pedicels  1  to  2  Hnes  long-,  silky.  Perianth  ferruginous-pubescent,  the 
tube  2  to  2|  Hnes  long-,  revohite  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus 
oblique,  Gland  larg-e,  very  prominent,  concave.  Ovary  very  shortly 
stipitate  and  spreading-  from  the  lower  marg-in  of  the  torus  ;  style  not 
very  long-,  with  a  broad  obHque  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  nearly  1  in.  long-, 
about  ^  in.  broad.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  on  the  upper  marg-in  only  of 
the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  569,  and  in  I)C.  Prod.  xiv.  4l0  ; 
Reichb.  Ic.  et  Descr.  Pl.  t.  24;  Conchmm  epratophyUum,  Sm.  in  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.  ix.  124  ;  Hakea  ueanthophylla,  Link.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  i. 
118  ;  H.  laciuiosa,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  iv.  49. 

TV.  Australia.  King  George's  Soimd  aud  adjoiiiing  disfricts,  E.  Broicn,  Drum- 
mond,  n.  16,  2nd  coll.  n.  334,  Preiss,  n.  579,  580,  aud  luaiiy  others. 

Var.  elongata.  Leaves  narrow-liiiear.  4  to  6  in.  long,  entire  or  witli  a  few  distant  linear 
lobes,  but  readily  distinguished  from  tbo.se  of  H.  orthorrhyncha  by  the  niidrib  if  present, 
prorainent  on  both  sides  and  not  grooved  underneath. — Drummond,  (ord  coll.  ?)  n.  297. 

21.  H.  lasiantha,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  29.  A  shrub  attaining-  G  to  8  ft., 
the  branches  densely  tomentose-villous.  Leaves  oblong*  hmceolate  or 
oval-elHptical,  with  a  short  rigid  callous  point,  contracted  into  a  short 
petiole,  1  to  1-J-  or  sometimes  2  in.  long-,  thick,  entire,  nerveless  or  very 
obscurely  and  almost  long-itudinally  penniveined,  ferruginous-siHvy 
when  young-,  at  leng-th  g-labrous.  Flowers  not  numerous,  in  axillary 
clusters.  Pedicels  villous,  1  to  2  Hnes  long\  Perianth  densely  villous 
with  spreading'  hairs,  the  tube  3  to  4  Hnes  long",  recurved  under  the  Hmb. 
Torus  smaH.  Gland  prominent.  Ovary  nearly  sessile ;  style  short, 
with  a  larg-e  hiteral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  about  1  in.  long'  and  4  Hnes 
broad,  somewhat  incurved,  smooth,  with  a  short  beak.  Seed-wing' 
decurrent  on  the  upper  side  only  to  below  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  PL 
Preiss.  i.  571,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  411. 

^V.  Australia.  King  George'8  Sound  or  adjoining  districts,  Baxter,  Drummond, 
n.  96,  and  otbers;  Arthur  river,  OldHeld ;  Stirling  range  aiid  Gordon  river,  Maxwell. 

Var.  angustifolia.  Leaves  lanceolate,  14  to  3  in.  long,  approaching  those  of  H. 
eriantha.     Fruit  1;^  in.  long,  3  to  4  linos  broad.— W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  21. 

22.  H.  eriantha,  H.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  29.  A  tall  shrub  or  small  tree, 
the  young-  shoots  silky-pubescent,  the  adult  foHag-e  glabrous.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  acute  or  with  a  callous  point,  tapering-  into  u 
short  petiole,  veinless  except  the  scarcely  prominent  midrib,  of  a  pale 
colour    Hke  those    of  H.  saUgna  but  rather  thicker,  3  to  5  in.   long-. 


Hakea.]  CIV.    PROTEACEiE.  503 

Flowers  in  axillary  clustors,  not  verv  nnmerous.  Pedicels  silky-villous, 
1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  silky,  tlie  tube  about  3  lines  long-,  reflexed 
under  the  alniost  acute  limb.  Torus  small.  Gland  prominent,  semi- 
annuhir.  Ovary  slu^rtly  stipitate ;  style  not  very  lonij;-,  witli  a  larg-e 
lateral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  about  1  in.  long-  and  under  |  in.  broad, 
slig-htly  incurved,  rather  smootli,  with  a  short  inciirved  or  straig"ht 
beak,  very  obscure  when  the  fruit  is  quite  ripe.  Seed-wing'  very  shortly 
decurrent  on  the  upper  side  only  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  DC, 
Prod.  xiv.  417. 

N.  S.  '^Vales.     Mount  Lindsay,  ^•'raser;  Hastings  river,  ^ec/^Zer;  New  EnglanJ, 
C.  Stuart ;  Twofcild  Bay,  L.  Jfo7-ton. 
Victoria.     Tauibo,  Miita-Mitta  to  Genoa  river  in  Gipps'  Land,  i^.  Mueller. 

23  ?  H.  megalosperma,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  117,  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  417.  A  tall  shrub  quite  glabrous,  the  foliag-e  glaucous. 
Leaves  obovate-oblong'  to  narrow  oblong-,  very  obtuse,  tapering-  into  a 
short  petiole,  l^  to  3  in.  long-,  very  thick,  veinless  or  obscurely  penni- 
veined  with  the  very  faint  primary  veins  very  oblique.  Flowers  un- 
known.  Fruit  2  to  2|  in.  long-,  \^  in.  broad,  smooth,  scarcely  beaked, 
the  valves  with  dorsal  ridg-es  near  the  end  forming-  prominent  truncate 
appendag-es.  Seed-wing'  broadly  decurrent  on  both  sides  round  the 
base  of  the  nucleus. 

TV.  Australia.  Mount  Lesueur,  between  Moore  and  Murcliison  rivers,  Drummond, 
Qth  coll.  n.  154. 

The  affinities  of  this  and  the  following  species  must  reniain  very  uncertain  until  the 
flowers  shall  be  known. 

24?  H.  clavata,  LaMl.  Pl.  Nov.  Holl.  i.  31,  ^.  41.  A  rig-id  stout 
spreading-  shrub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  our  specimens  quite  glabrous.  Leaves 
narrow-oblong-,  obtuse  with  a  sliort  very  rig-id  point,  contracted  at  the 
base,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  very  thick  and  veinless.  Flowers  unknown. 
Fruit  about  f  in.  long-,  4  or  5  lines  broad,  obtuse,  not  rugose,  the  valves 
with  dorsal  conical  horns  at  the  end.  Seed-wing-  narrowly  decurrent 
at  least  on  the  upper  side  of  the  nucleus. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc. 
X.  187,  Prod.  386;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  417;  ConcUum  clavatim, 
Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  141. 

^V.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  to  the  eastward,  Lahillardiere,  R.  Brown, 
Baxter ;  Cape  Arid,  Maxwell. 

25.  H.  orthorrhyncha,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vi.  214.  A  shrub  of  2 
or  3  ft.,  the  young-  branehes  minutely  hoary,  the  foliag-e  glabrous. 
Leaves  in  the  t^^pical  form  narrow-linear,  entire  or  pinnately  divided 
into  3  to  5  seg-ments,  mucronate,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  thick  but  Hat,  with 
the  marg-ins  so  closely  revolute  as  to  leave  only  a  very  narrow  depressed 
line  between  them  on  the  under  side,  sometimes  contracted  into  a  short 
terete  petiole.  Flowers  in  small  sessile  clusters  chiefly  on  the  old  wood. 
Pedicels  1  to  l^  lines  long;.  Perianth  silky-pubescent,  the  tube  shortly 
dihated  almost  g-ibbous  at  the  base,  the  long-er  seg-ments  about  5  lines 
lon'!",  much  revohite  above  the  middle.     Torus  straig-ht.     Gland  very 


604  CIV.    PUOTEACEiE.  [Hahm. 

prominpnt,  semiannular.  Ovary  sliortly  stipitate ;  style  very  lono-, 
with  a  lateral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  li  in.  lono-  or  ratlier  more,  f  in. 
broad,  smooth,  taporinfi-  into  a  rather  long-  straig'ht  beak.  8eed-wing' 
broadly  docurrent  on  the  upper  side  of  the  nucleus,  less  so  on  the  lower 
side. 

TV.  Australia.     Sandy  plaiiis,  Mnrchison  river,  Oldfield. 

Var.  filiformis,  F.  Jhiell.  Leaves  narrower,  more  olten  diviJed,  Fonietimes  terete, 
less  distinctly  and  sometimes  not  at  all  grooveJ. — W.  Australia,  t)ruinmond,  in  fruit 
only,  but  probably  the  same  species. 

26.  H.  CandoUeana,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  262,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  39?.  Branclies  virg'ate,  pubescent  when  youno-^  the  foliage  g'labrous. 
Leaves  some  and  sometimes  nearly  all  narrow-linear,  obtuse  or  with  a 
callous  point,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  thick  but  Hat  with  very 
obtuse  thickened  marg-ins,  the  midrib  more  or  less  prominent  under- 
neath  ;  others  or  sometimes  nearly  all  terete  or  slightly  tiattened  and 
nerveless,  mostly  1  to  2  in.  long-.  Flowers  few,  in  sessile  axinarv 
clusters.  Pedicels  villous,  about  1  line  long*.  Perianth  villous  with 
spreading-  hairs,  IJ  to  near  2  lines  long-  but  very  much  revolute  witli 
the  upper  seg-ments  short.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  prominent,  semi- 
annular.  Ovary  contracted  into  a  very  short  stipes ;  stvle  not  long', 
with  a  broad  lateral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  1  to  l^  in.  long-,  7  to  10 
lines  broad,  incurved,  nearly  smooth,  with  a  short  conical  inliexed  beak. 
Seed-wing-  decurrent  on  both  margins  of  the  nucleus. — Il.falcata^  var. 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  072. 

y^.  Australia,  Drammond,  n.  99,  \st  coll.  n.  &0'),  2ndcoll.  n.  331  ;  Canningriver, 
Preiss,  n.  603 ;  Hampden,  Clarke. 

Var.  campylorrhyncha,  V.  Muell.  Leaves  iiearly  all  flat  and  l\  lines  broad.  — Jlur- 
chison  river,  Oldfield. 

The  S.  Australian  D.  fiexilis,  R.  Br ,  to  which  IMeissner  refers  some  of  Driimmoncrs 
specimens,  is  a  very  different  plant  in  flowers  and  fruit,  although  somewhat  simihir  in 
foliage. 

27.  H.  trifurcata,  7?.  Dr.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  183,  Prod.  383. 
A  much-branched  shrub,  attaining-  8  or  10  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  silkv- 
pubescent,  the  adult  foliag-e  g-hibrous.  Leaves  mostly  terete,  slender 
but  rig-id,  divided  into  3  divaricate  seg-ments  as  long-  as  the  entire  base 
or  undivided,  acute  and  usually  pung-ent-pointed,  smooth  or  sbghtly 
g-rooved,  the  whole  leaf  H  to  3  in.  long-;  niixed  with  these  are  usually 
a  few  llat  oval  oblong-  obtuse  or  sometimes  lanceolate  and  acute  entire 
leaves  |  to  l^  in.  long-.  Flowers  not  very  nunierous,  in  sessile  axiHarv 
clusters.  Pedicels  silky,  about  2  lines  long.  Perianth  silky-villous  or 
hirsute,  the  tube  straig-ht,  3  lines  long-,  the  limb  slig-litfv  recurved. 
Torus  small.  Ghmd  very  prominent,  truncate,  half  cup-shaped,  Ovarv 
abnost  sessile  ;  style  not'long-,  with  a  larg-e  lateral  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit 
f  in.  long-  or  rather  less,  \  in.  broad,  slig-htlv  incurved,  obtuse,  smootJi. 
Seed-wing'  not  decurront.— Meis.<n.  in  Pl.'Preiss.  i.  Hbd,,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  404;  Conchium  frifurcatum,  Sm.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ix.  122  j 
H.  mixta  and  //.  tricruris,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  35. 


HuJira.]  CIV.    PHOTEACIwTi.  505 

Vr.  Australia.  King  George's  SounJ,  li.  Brown,  Bnxter,  A.  Oimningham,  anil 
otlicrs  ;  Swan  river  to  King  George's  Soiuul,  Drummond,  n.  102,  103,  Ist  coll.  n.  G26, 
Preiss,  n.  619;   Murcliison  river,  Oldfidd. 

H.  Boiicheana,  Knnth.  Ind.  Seni.  Hort.  Berol.  1844,  in  Linnsea,  xviii.  499;  Meis.sn. 
in  DC.  Trod.  xiv.  404,  i^aid  to  have  been  raised  froni  Tasmnnian  seeds,  is  nevenhelcss 
prohabiy  the  Westcrn  H.  trifurcata,  the  only  difference  relied  upoii  heing  iii  the  Ihit 
leaves  dcscrihed  as  hxnceolate  and  pungent-pointed,  hut  that  occurs  heie  and  there  in 
sevcral  of  the  King  George's  Sound  speciiuens. 

28.  H.  erinacea,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  559,  ivid  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
404.  An  erect  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  the  branches  tomentose  or  villous, 
the  foliag'e  g-labrous.  Leaves  divided  into  3  or  5  terete  rigid  pung-ent- 
pointed  seg-nients  either  entire  or  ag-ain  biiid  or  trifid,  usually  shorter 
than  the  entire  part  and  the  whole  leaf  rarely  much  above  1  in.  long-. 
Flowers  in  small  sessile  axillary  chisters.  Pedicels  pubescent,  about  3 
lines  long-.  Perianth  densely  but  shortly  villous,  the  tube  about  3 
lines  long",  shglitly  recurved  under  the  broadly  conical  limb.  Torus 
straig-ht.  Gkmd  very  prominent,  semiannular.  Ovary  ahiiost  sessile  ; 
style  rather  short,  with  a  hiteral  oblong"-linear  stig-matic  disk  about  1 
line  long'.  Fruit  7  to  8  lines  long",  2  to  3  lines  broad,  smootli,  falcate 
or  abruptly  curved  in  the  middle  into  a  beak  almost  as  broad  as  the 
thicker  base.     Seed-wing-  not  decurrent. 

yjV.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Drummond,  n.  107,  Ist  eoll.  n.  601,  Freiss,  n.  601. 
Var.  lon(jiflora.     Perianth-tuhe  4  lines,  the  limb  and  the  stigmatic  disk  2  lines  long. 
— Swan  river,  Drummond. 

29.  H.  platysperma,  Houh.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  433.  Branches  minutely 
hoary-pubescent.  Leaves  terete,  smooth,  thick,  rig-id,  pung-ent-pointed, 
somewhat  attenuate  at  the  base,  mostly  erect,  3  to  5  in.  long-.  Flowers 
in  axillary  sessile  clusters.  Pedicels  miuutely  silky-pubescent,  2  to  3 
lines  long".  Perianth  minutely  silky-pubescent,  the  tube  shortly  dilated 
at  the  base,  much  revolute,  above  4  lines  long-,  the  upper  seg-ments 
much  shorter.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  broad,  concave.  Ovary  stipi- 
tate ;  style  long",  with  a  long*  narrow  lateral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  when 
perfect  quite  g-lobular,  fully  2  in.  diameter,  very  hard.  Seed-wing- 
covering'  the  whole  inner  face  of  the  valves,  nearly  ec{ually  broad  all 
round  the  nucleus,  which  is  more  muricate  on  the  outer  face  than  in  any 
otlier  species. — Meissn.  in.  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  555,  ii.  259,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  394. 

"Vy.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  329,  4</i  coll.  n.  287,  Preiss,  n.  551  ;  Stir- 
ling  Range,  Maxwdl. 

30.  H.  brachyptera,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  390.  A  low 
intricately-branched  shrub,  the  young-  slioots  silky,  the  older  foliag'e 
g-labrous.  Leaves  terete,  slender,  divaricate,  acute,  scarcely  attenuate 
at  the  base,  1  to  3  in.  long".  Flowers  very  small,  in  sessile  axillary 
clusters.  Pedicels  silky,  about  1  line  long-.  Perianth  silky-pubescent, 
revolute  under  tlie  g-lobular  limb,  the  shorter  segrments  scarcely  1  line 
long-.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  semiannular.  Ovary  nearly  sessile ; 
style  not  long-,  with  a  larg-e  oblirpie  stig-raatic  disk.  'Fruit  compressed, 
very  rug-ose,  1  in.  long-  and  nearly  as  broad,  with  a  very  sliort  lateral 


506  riv.   PKoTEACEiE.  \^Hahea. 

beak  sometimes  scarcelv  prominent.     Seed-wing*  decurrent  along*  botli 
sides  round  the  base  of  the  nucleus. 
IV.  Australia,  Drummond,  ith  coll.  n.  291. 

31.  H.  Kippistiana,  Meissn.  in  Hooh.  Kcm  Journ.  vii.  115,  and  in 
DC.  Frud.  xiv.  4(Jl'.  Branches  virg-ate,  nearl}^  g-labrous,  but  the  young' 
shoots  more  or  less  silky-pubescent.  Leaves  terete,  slender,  smooth, 
mucronate,  attenuate  at  the  base,  1|  to  3  in.  long.  Flowers  small,  in 
shortly  peduncuhate  axillary  clusters,  but  not  seen  fully  out,  the 
rhachis  pedicels  and  perianths  sprinkled  with  appressed  hairs.  Peri- 
anth-tube  slender,  reHexed  under  the  g-lobuhir  limb.  Gland  promi- 
nent,  semicupuhir.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  ;  style  (not  long  ?)  with 
an  obhque  broad  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  f  to  1  in.  long-,  nearly  \  in. 
broad,  smooth,  with  a  broad  obtuse  compressed  beak,  the  valves  some- 
times  witli  a  slight  dorsal  gibbosity  near  the  end.  Seed-wing  decur- 
rent  on  tlie  upper  side  only. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  suppl.  n.  14. — The  fruit,  like  tliat  of  H. 
Pampliniana  and  H.  commutata,  is  shaped  iike  that  of  H  leucoptera,  with  which  F. 
Wueller,  Fragm.  vi.  219,  unites  H.  Kippistiana,  hut  the  flowers  are  differeut  and  the 
fruit  quite  smooth. 

32.  H.  Preissii,  Meis.m.  in  Pl.  Prci.ss.  i.  557,  afid  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
399.  A  tall  shrub  or  tree  attaining"  30  ft.,  with  very  vigid  branches, 
our  specimens  quite  ghibrous,  even  the  young  shoots.  Leaves  terete, 
smooth,  very  thiek  and  rigid,  pungent-pointed,  in  some  specimens  all 
xmder  1  in.  in  others  1  to  1|  in.  long.  Flowers  in  axiDary  chisters, 
the  rhachis  |  to  1  line  long*^  often  persistent  on  the  okl  branches, 
Pedicels  silky-pubescent,  2  to  3  hnes  long".  Perianth  silky-pubescent, 
the  tube  shglitly  dilated  towards  the  base,  scarcely  2  lines  long-, 
much  revohite  upwards.  Torus  straight.  Ghind  large,  semicupuh\r. 
Ovary  very  shortly  stipitate  ;  style  shg-htly  chivate  under  the  broad 
lateral  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  about  |  in.  long",  3  or  4  Hnes  broad, 
transversely  truncate  at  the  end  with  the  horizontally  couical  dorsal 
liorns  of  the  valves,  which  are  sometimes  very  prominent,  sometimes 
obscure. 

^V.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  n.  190,  \st  coll.,  Preiss,  n.  617  h;  Dar- 
ling  ranges,  Oldfield;  Jarramup,  Maxivell. 

In  herb.  F.  Mueller  there  is  a  specimen  in  friiit,  with  longer  leaves,  apparently  of  thia 
Bpecies,  hut  with  the  fruit  rather  hmger  though  not  broader.  We  have  also  specimeus 
in  leaf  only  of  what  may  be  the  same  species,  from  Sharks  Bay,  Milne. 

33.  H.  pugioniformis,   Cav.  Ann.  Hist.  Nat.  i.  213,  t.   11,  Ic.  vi. 

24,  t.  533.  A  shrub  usually  of  2  to  4  ft.,  but  sometimes  twice  as  tall, 
the  branches  and  fohage  glabrous  or  very  minutely  silky-pubescent. 
Leaves  terete,  smooth,  rigid  with  a  short  pungent  point,  from  under 
1  in.  to  near  2  in.  long.  Flowers  few,  in  axinary  sessile  clusters. 
Pedicels  1  to  2  hnes  long,  pubescent  as  well  as  the  periantli  with 
appressed  or  spreading  hairs.  Perianth-tube  slender,  2  to  3  hnes 
long,  reflexed  under  the  ovoid  hmb.     Torus  smalL     Glnnd  promincnt. 


Hahea.]  civ.   j-roteace.e.  ^O' 

semiannular  or  semicnpular.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate ;  style  lono-^ 
with  a  nearly  straight  convex  or  very  broadly  conical  disk.  Fruit 
lanceohite,  acuniinate,  about  1  in.  long-  and  \  in.  broad,  rug-ose  outside 
about  the  middle  with  an  obH(|uely  transverse  prominent  crest.  Seed- 
wing-  scarcelv  decurrent  on  the  upper  side  of  the  nucknis. — R.  Br.  m 
Trans.  Linn.'Soc.  x.  178,  Prod.  .S81  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  398  ; 
Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm.  i.  324 ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  353 ;  Reichb.  Ic.  et 
Descr.  Pl.  t.  23. —  Conckium  piifjiomfornw,  Sm.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ix. 
122 ;  Conchium  longifolium,  Sm.  l.c.  121  ;  Lambcrtia  teretifulia,  G;ertn.  t. 
Fr.  iii.  t.  217 ;  Banksia  tcrctifolia,  Salisb.  Prod.  51  ;  Hahea  glahra, 
Schrad.  Sert.  Hann.  27. 1. 17  ;  H.fjlauca  and  H.parilis,  Knight,  Prot.  106. 

N.  S.  "Wales.  Port  Jacksonto  the  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  13,  and 
others  ;  Hastings  river,  BecHer. 

Victoria.  Grampians,  low  scruhby  hills  towards  Mount  Ararat,  between  Melbourne 
and  the  Dandenong  vanges  and  in  Gipps'  Land,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dah-ymple  and  Derwent  river,  R.  Brown ;  common  in  many 
parts  of  the  island  in  poor  soils,  J.  D.  Hooher. 

The  Tasmanian  and  Victorian  specimens  have  generally  but  not  constantly  rather 
larger  flowers,  with  more  spreading  hairs  than  those  tVom  N.  8.  Waies. 

34.  H.  Pampliniana,  Kipp.  ;  Mcissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  395. 
Young  branches  silky-tomentose,  the  adult  foliage  glabrous.  Leaves 
terete,  slender,  finely  pointed,  slightly  attenuate  at  the  base,  li  to  3 
in.  long.  Flowers  in  axiUary  clusters  mostly  on  short  peduncles. 
Pedicels  about  2  lines  long.  Perianth  &ilky-pubescent,  tlie  tube 
slender,  al)out  3  lines  long,  rellexed  under  the  globular  limb.  Torus 
small.  Gland  prominent,  semiannular.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate ;  style 
not  very  long,  with  an  oblique  disk  scarcely  umbonate  in  the  centre. 
Fruit  1  in.  long,  nearly  f  in.  broad,  with  a  short  broad  straight  beak, 
shaped  like  the  fruit  of  H.  lcucoptcra  but  smooth,  the  valves  thickened 
at  the  end  but  scarcely  horned.  Seed-wing  shortly  decurrent  on  the 
upper  margin  of  the  nucleus. 

Queensland?     Curriwillighie,  Dalton  (the  speciraen  incomplete). 
Wr.   S.  TVales.     Castlereagh  river,  Woolls. 
Victoria  ?     Murray  desert,  Herh.  F.  Muellcr. 

S.  Australia.  Spencer's  Gulf,  Herh.  F.  Mueller ;  Streaky  Bay,  Bahhage;  En- 
counter  Bay,  Whiitaker ;  Tattiara  Country,  Woods. 

35  ?  H.  vittata,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  182,  Prod.  383. 
Young  shoots  minutely  ferruginous  or  hoary,  th«  adult  foliage 
glabrous.  Leaves  terete,  slender,  rigid,  fiuely  almost  ])ungent-pointed, 
not  attenuate  at  the  base,  1|  to  3  in.  long.  Flowers  not  seen  except 
some  loose  remains  which  appear  to  have  been  like  those  of  H.  Pampli- 
niana,  the  perianth  silky-pubescent,  the  torus  small,  the  style  rather 
long  with  an  orbicular  lateral  stiijmatic  disk.  Fruit  ovoid,  nearly  |  in. 
long,  fully  4  lines  broad,  spotted  or  slightly  verrucose,  scarcely  beaked, 
marked  with  a  broad  smooth  dark  line  down  each  suture,  the  valves 
with  a  short  dorsal  horn  near  the  end.  Seed-wing  decurrent  along  the 
upper  margin  only  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  401. 
S.  Australia.     Port  Lincoln,  R.  Brown.     The  foliage  is  tliat  of  7i.  rampUviaiia, 


508  civ.   PHOTKArK.T:.  'Ilahta. 

aiid  if  tlio  fragnieiits  of  flowers  above  nientioiied  really  beiong  to  tiio  speeimens,  it  is 
pnssiblc  tiiat  sonie  of  the  flowering  speiimcns  rcleired  to  H.  Painpliniana  may  belong 
ratlierto  II.  vittata.     Thc  fniits  o"f  tlic  tw  i  as  far  as  Ivnown  arc  very  ditlereiit. 

3G.  H.  rostrata,  F.  MnrlL  ;  Mri.-isn.  in  Linneea  xxvi.  259,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  39G.  An  erect  slirul)  of  several  feet,  g-labrotis  except 
the  inliorescence.  Leaves  terete,  smootli,  rig-id,  mucronate,  \\  to  4  in. 
long-.  Flowers  in  sessile  axillary  clusters.  Periantli  silkv-pubescent, 
the  tube  about  3  lines  long-,  mueh  revolute  under  the  globular  limb. 
Torus  small.  Gland  usually  crenate  or  shortly  2-  or  3-lobed.  Ovary 
shortly  stipitate ;  style  not  very  long-,  the  stigmatic  disk  with  a  promi- 
nent  cone  as  in  //.  rugosa.  Fruit  recurved  at  the  base,  incurved  from 
the  middle,  with  a  closely  inflexed  conical  beak  of  3  or  4  lines,  the 
whole  fruit  1  to  l^-  in.  long-  and  nearly  f  in.  broad,  more  or  less  rug-ose 
but  not  crisfate. 

Victoria.  CJranipians,  Mitchdl ;  Mount  Stnrgeon,  Eohcrtson ;  Gletielg  river  and 
Moiint  Alnipt,  /'.  Mueller. 

S.  Australia.  Lofty  range  and  Kangaroo  Island,  F.  Muellcr  ;  Rt.  Vincent's  Gulf, 
Blandoicsli. 

3?.  H.  rugosa,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  1^9,  Prod.  381.  A 
spreading'  or  prostnite  shrub,  g-hdjrous  except  the  inflorescence  or  the 
young-  shoots  minutely  silky.  Leaves  terete,  divaricate,  smooth,  rigid, 
pung-ent-pointed,  f  to  1|  or  rarely  2  in.  long-.  Flowers  small,  in  axil- 
lary  chisters.  Pedicels  silky-pubescent,  short.  Perianth  silky-pubes- 
cent,  the  tube  about  2  lines  long",  recurved  under  the  hmb.  Torus 
straight.  Ghmd  semiannular,  truncnte  or  crenate.  Ovary  shortly  stipi- 
tate;  style  not  very  long- ;  stig-matic  disk  obhque,  with  aprominent  cone. 
Fruit  about  |  in.  long-,  under  |  in.  broad,  recurved  at  the  base,  incurved 
above  the  middle,  verv  rug-ose  or  cristate,  with  an  inflexed  conical  beak. 
Seed-wing-  not  decurrent. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  397. 

Victoria.  Macalister  river,  towards  its  source,  F.  Mueller ;  Glenelg  river, 
Bohert^on. 

S.  Australia.  Port  I.incoln,  R.  Brown ;  Munay  river,  Lofty  range,  F.  31ueller ; 
Bethanie,  Oswald ;  Kangaroo  Island,   Waterhouse. 

The  cone  on  the  stigmatic  disk  of  this  species  and  of  //.  ro.^trata,  and  in  a  less 
degree  on  tiiat  of  /7.  pugioniformis,  connects  them  with  the  section  Conogijnoidis,  but 
tlie  pubescent  flowers  and  general  affinity  with  S.  epigluttis  piace  them  rather  in 
Fuhahea. 

38.  H.  epiglottis,  Lahill.  Pl.  Nov.  IIoU.  i.  30,  t.  40.  An  erect  shnib 
attaining-  ?  or  8  ft.,  g-labrous  except  the  inflorescence  and  the  silky- 
pubescent  young-  shoots.  Leaves  terete,  smooth,  rigid,  mucronate,  l^ 
to  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  small,  in  axiHary  chisters.  Perianth  silky-pubos- 
cent,  the  tube  near  2  Hnes  long-,  recurved  under  the  hmb.  Torus  straiglit. 
Ghmd  semiannuh^r.  Ovary  shortly  stijutate  ;  style  not  very  long- ;  stig-- 
matic  disk  obhque,  without  the  prominent  cone  of  //.  rnffosa.  Fruit  7 
to  9  hnes  long-,  3  to  4  Hnes  broad,  rug-ose  but  not  cristate,  recurved  at 
the  base,  incurved  above  the  middle,  with  a  short  conical  incurved  beak. 
Seed-wing-  not  decurrent. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  179,  Prod. 
382 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  395  ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  324 ;  Conchium 


Hakca.]  civ.  photeace.e.  509 

cpiplottis,  Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  141  ;  Conchium  tcrctifoVuim,  Gfertn. 
f.  Fr.  iii.  217,  t.  219;   llaltca  MiUigani,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  395. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalryinple  anil  Dcrwent  liver,  R.  Brown ;  commoii  in  various 
parts  of  tho  island,  ascending  to  3000  feet,  /.  D.  Jlooker. 

Series  2.  GLABRiFLORiE. — Periantli  glabrous.  Torus  straiglit  or 
slightly  oblique,  tlie  g-land  semiannular  or  none. 

39.  H.  amplexicaulis,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  184,  Prod.  384. 
An  erect  shrub  attaining-  10  to  12  ft.,  our  specimens  g-labrous.  Leaves 
sessile,  ovate-oblong-  or  hmceohite,  unduhite  sinuate  and  prickly-toothed, 
deeply  cordate  and  chisping-  the  stem  with  rounded  prickly-toothed 
auricles,  the  whole  leaf  3  to  8  in.  long-,  rig-id,  more  or  less  g'hiucous, 
penniveined  but  the  veins  scarcely  prominent.  Flowers  white,  numerous, 
in  short  axilhiry  peduncuhite  chisters  or  racemes,  the  peduncles  1  to  2 
lines  long-  and  g-hibrous,  the  rhachis  about  as  long-  and  villous.  Pedicels 
g-labrous,  fihform,  4  to  6  Hnes  long-.     Perianth  g-hibrous,  the  tube  about 

3  Hnes  iong-,  much  revohite  under  the  globuhir  hmb.  Torus  somewhat 
obhque.  Gland  very  prominent,  semictipuhir.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  ; 
style  long-,  chivate  under  the  obhque  convex  disk.  Fruit  about  1  in. 
long"  and  g  in.  broad  or  rather  hirg-er,  smooth  or  shglitly  muricate,  shortly 
acuminate.  Seed-wing  shortly  decurrent,  especially  on  tlie  upper  mar- 
g-in  of  thenucleus. — Meissn.  in  Ph  Preiss.  i.  565,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
40?  ;   //.  triformis,  Lindh  Swan  Riv.  App.  3(1. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown,  Oldfield,  F.  Mueller ;  and 
thence  towards  Swau  river,  Drummond,  istcoll.  n.  610,  Freiss,  n.  548. 

40.  H.  glabella,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  28.  An  erect  spreading-  or  dif- 
fuse  shrub  described  sometimes  as  g-rowing"  into  a  small  tree  of  12  to 
15  ft.,  sometimes  as  low  and  prostrate,  quite  g-labrous  or  the  branches 
more  or  less  villous.  Leaves  sessile,  obovate  to  oblong"-cuneate,  entire  or 
niore  frequently  sinuate  and  prickly-toothed,  usually  contracted  below 
the  middle,  dihated  at  the  base,  deeply  cordate  and  embracing-  the  stera 
with  rounded  and  entire  or  ang-uhir  and  prickly-toothed  auricles,  the 
whole  leaf  1|  to  3  in.  long-.  Fhjwers  rather  smaller  than  in  //.  amplcxi- 
caulis,  in  axilhiry  clusters  or  short  racemes,  the  rhachis  1  to  3  hnes  long" 
and  quite  g-labrous  as  well  as  tlie  pedicels  and  perianths.     Pedicels  2  to 

4  hnes  long-.  Perianth-tube  2  to  2|  hnes  long-,  reflexed  under  the  hmb. 
Torus  nearly  straight.  Gland  prominent,  semiannular.  Ovary  shortly 
stipitate;  style  long-,  with  an  oblique  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  1  to  l^  in. 
long,  6  to  7  hnes  broad,  smooth  or  sparingly  muricate,  with  a  broad, 
obtuse  slig-htly  incurved  beak.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  along-  the  upper 
marg-in  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Ph  Preiss.  i.  564,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  407  ;  H.  dcnticulata,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  28  ;  H.  prostrata,  R.  Br.  in 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  184,  Prod.  384;  Meissn.  in  Ph  Preiss.  i.  565,  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  407. 

"W.  Australia.  King  Georgc's  Sound  and  ailjoining  districts,  R.  Brown,  Baxter, 
Drummond,  'Ard  cnU.  n.  278,  Preiss,  n.  539,  542,  and  otliers  ;  Swan  river,  Fraser, 
Drwiimoiid,  Ist  ctjll.  n.  G12,   Prdss,  n.  bZS  \  Murchison  river,  Oldfield. 


510  civ.  proteacea:.  [IIaJ,ea. 

H.  ylahella  and  H.  prostrata  aie  iisually  distinfjuishcd  by  thc  fonner  being  a  tall 
glabrous  Swan  river  shrub,  and  the  latter  prostrate  with  villoiis  stems  from  Kiiig 
Genrge's  Souiid,  but  some  of  01dfieU]'s  s))ecimens  with  villous  braiiches  are  described  as 
attaining  12  to  15  ft.,  and  some  of  F.  Mueller'8  glabrous  ones  from  Stirliiig  Kange  as 
10  to  12  ft.  bigh,  whilst  some  of  Itrummond'8  gl.ibrous  Swan  river  ones  are  e^ndently  as 
}>rostrate  as  Brown's  typical  H.  prostrata.  The  foliage  is  equaliy  vaiiable  in  all,  and 
tlie  flowers  and  fruits  the  same  as  far  as  known. 

41.  H.  auriculata,  Mrissn.  in  Hooli.  Kcw  Jouni.  vii.  116,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  400.  An  erect  slirub  of  2  ft.  or  more,  g-labrous  or  the 
branches  pubescent.  Leaves  usually  cuneate,  broad  and  truncate 
or  sinuate  and  prickly-toothed  at  the  end,  tapering-  into  a  long* 
narrow  lower  portion,  sessile,  and  again  dihited  at  the  base  into 
stem-chisping-  auricles  more  or  less  ang-ular  or  prickly-toothed, 
but  sometimes  the  upper  end  divided  into  3  narrow  pung-ent-pointed 
h)bes  or  the  whole  leaf  trom  a  broad  stem-clasping  base  linear-lanceo- 
hite  pung'ent-pointed  and  entire  or  with  a  pair  of  divaricate  lobes,  the 
leaf  varying- from  1|^  to  near  3  in.  long'.  Flowers  in  axillary  clusters. 
Pedicels  2  or  3  lines  long-,  glabrous  as  well  as  the  rhachis.  Perianth 
g-labrous,  tlie  tube  about  2  lines  long-,  rellexed  imder  the  globular  limb. 
Torus  nearly  straig'lit.  Gland  small,  semiannular.  Ovary  nearly  ses- 
sile  ;  st)de  rather  long",  thickened  under  tlie  oblirpie  convex  stigmatic 
disk.  Fruit  about  |  in.  long-  and  |  in.  broad,  muricate  with  long- prickles, 
the  valves  with  a  thick  dorsal  horn  near  the  end.  Seed-wing-  surroxmd- 
ing-  the  nucleus  and  occiipying-  nearly  the  wliole  breadth  of  the  valves. 

^V.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  OldJieUl,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  197. 

Var.  spiithulata.  Leaves  with  the  long  winged  base  half  stem-clasping,  but  scarcely 
dilated  iii  the  mnjority  of  leaves,  although  here  and  there  showing  small  prickly-toothed 
auricles. — H.  attenvata,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  406,  as  to  Drummond's  specimens, 
not  of  R.  Browii. — Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  615. 

Some  of  the  forms  of  H.  varia  have  the  foliage  almost  of  some  forms  of  H.  auriculata, 
but  tlie  flowers  and  fruits  are  very  different. 

42.  H.  cristata,  i?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  28.  An  erect  shrub,  attaining- 
6  to  8  ft.,  our  specimens  c|uite  g-labrous.  Leaves  from  broadly  obovate 
to  oblong",  sinuate  and  prickly-toothed,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  l^ 
to  3  in.  long-,  rig-id,  glaucous,  obscurely  penniveined.  Flowers  smalf, 
in  short  axillary  racemes,  the  villous  rluichis  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Pedicels 
fiUform,  g-labrous,  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous,  the  tube  about 
1|  lines  long-,  revolute  under  the  globuhir  limb.  Torus  slig-htlv  obhrpie. 
Gland  small  but  prominent,  erect,  obovate,  truncate.  Ovary  shortlv 
stipitate ;  stig-matic  disk  broad,  oblique,  slig-htly  convex.  Fruit  about 
1|  in.  long-  and  1  in.  broad,  with  a  broad  slig-htly  incurved  beak ;  each 
valve  bearing-  usually  next  the  sutures  an  irreg-ular  long-itudinal  rig-id 
toothed  wing-  or  crest  sometimes  decurrent  along-  both  sutures  nearly 
to  the  base,  sometimes  along-  the  upper  suture  only  or  ahnost  obsolete. 
Seed-wing-  narrowly  decurrent  down  both  marg-ins  of  the  nucleus,  whicli 
is  less  lacunose  on  "the  outer  face  than  in  most  species. — Meissn.  in  Ph 
Preiss.  i.  564,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  406 ;  Hook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  443. 

W.  Australia.     Swan  rivcr,  Fraser,  Drummond,  \st  coll.  n.  614,  Preiss,  n.  546. 


Hukca.]  CIV.    l'UOTEACEiE.  511 

43.  H.  linearis,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  IJnn.  Soc.  x.  183,  Prod.  384.  An 
erect  bushy  brijiht  ureen  g'hibrous  shrub.  Leaves  sessile,  linear-lanceo- 
late,  puug-ent-pointed,  entire  or  bordered  by  a  few  small  })rickly  teeth, 

1  to  l^  or  rarely  '2  in.  lont;',  thick  and  rig'id,  veiftk^ss  except  the  scarcely 
prominent  midrib.  Flowers  small,  in  axiUary  chisters  or  sliort  racemes, 
the  rhachis  1  to  2  lines  long-,  rpiite  ghibrous.  Perianth  g'hdjrous,  white, 
the  tube  slender,  2h  to  3  hnes  h)ng-,  revohite  under  the  g-lobular  Hmb. 
Torus  small.  Ghind  small  but  prominent,  truncate  or  2-iobed.  Ovary 
stipitate ;  style  not  very  long-,  with  an  obhque  orbicuhir  stig-matic  disk. 
Fruit  (not  seen  attached)  1  in.  long-,  about  ^  in.  broad,  on  a  recurved 
stipes,  sHg-htly  incurved,  smooth,  witli  a  sliort  conical  beak,  the  valves 
with  conical  dorsal  protuberances  or  short  horns  near  the  end.  Seed- 
Aving"  shortly  decurrent  on  the  upper  margin  only  of  the  nucleus. — 
Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  562,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  405  ;  Sweet.  Fl. 
Austral.  t.  43 ;  Bot.  Reg\  t.  1489. 

\ir.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  JR.  Broivn,  Fraser,  Milne,  Maxwell, 
Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  335  ;  Canning  river,  Oldjield. 

44.  ?  H.  stenocarpoides,  F.  Muell.  Herh.  Apparently  tall  and 
quite  ghibrous.  Leaves  oblong--cuneate,  obtuse,  tapering-  to  the  base, 
entire,  3  to  4  in.  long-,  thick,  obscurely  triplinerved  witb  the  addition 
sometimes  of  a  few  very  oblique  veins.  Flowers  about  6  or  8  tog-ether, 
umbellate  on  a  common  axillary  peduncle  of  about  h  in.,  the  pedicels 
scarcely  \  in.  long-,  all  as  well  as  the  Howcrs  quite  g-labrous.  Perianth 
about  ^  in.  long-,  with  a  short  broad  oblique  almost  gibbous  base,  then 
narrow,  revolute  under  the  globular  limb.  Torus  small,  without  any 
gland.  Ovar}'  on  a  stipes  of  nearly  3  lines  much  thickened  at  the  base ; 
style  scarcely  2  lines  long-,  with  a  larg-e  orbicular  lateral  stig-matic  disk. 
Fruit  unknown, 

VT.  Australia,  Drummond  {Hh  coll.?)  svpjd.  n.  15.  The  inflorescence  is  quite 
anomalous,  and  tlie  genus  must  remain  imcertain  until  the  friiit  shall  have  been  ob- 
served.  There  are  ceitainly  only  2  ovules  in  the  ovary,  collateraily  attached,  and  the 
phmt  has  much  more  the  aspect  of  a  Hakea  thau  of  a  GreviUea,. 

45.  H.  mscifolia,  Labill.  Pl.  Nov.  Holl.  i.  30,  t.  39.  An  erect 
bushy  shrub  of  6  to  8  ft.,  the  branches  and  young-  shoots  hirsute  with 
long-  fine  spreading-  hairs,  intermingied  with  a  fulvous  tomentum. 
Leaves  on  long-  petioles  when  small,  the  larger  ones  almost  sessile, 
ovate  oblong-  or  lanceolate,  pung-ent-pointed,  all  under  |  in.  in  some 
specimens,  in  others  narrower  and  near  1  in.  long-,  veinless  andscabrous- 
pubescent  or  g-labrous  above,  tomentose  or  at  length  nearly  giabrous 
underneath  with  the  midrib  prominent.  Flowers  small,  white,  in  dense 
clusters  terminating-  short  leafy  branches.     Pedicels  giabrous,  filiform 

2  to  4  lines  long.  Perianth  giabrous,  the  tube  about  H  lines  long-,  re- 
fiexed  under  the  limb.  Torus  small.  Gland  prominent,  semiannular. 
Ovary  nearly  sessile  ;  style  short,  the  stig-matic  disk  broad,  sligiitly 
convex.  Fruit  h  to  f  in.  long-,  \  in.  broad,  scarcely  beaked.  Seed-wing- 
decurrent  only  on  the  upper  marj^in  of  the   nucleus. — R.  Br.  in  Trans. 


612  civ.    PROTEACE^  [Hahca. 

Linn.  Soc.  x.  18G,  Prod.  385  ;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  5?6,  andin  DC. 
Prod.  xiA'.  419;    Coiichium  niscifoUum.,  Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  141. 

W.  Australia.  Kinp;  George'8  Sonn(t  and  adjuiniiig  districts,  Lahillardiere,  E. 
Brown,  ;uul  lUMny  otliers,  and  tlience  to  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drnmmond,  ^st  colL,  Srd 
coll.  n.  276,  Preiss,  n.  611,  and  otliers.  TLis  spocies  also  stands  aione  witliout  any 
iiuiuediale  affinity  with  any  otlier. 

46.  H.  saligna,  Knight,  Pmt.  108.  A  tall  busby  sbrub,  quite  gla- 
brous  or  tbe  younf;'  sboots  sH<i'btly  silky.  Leaves  usually  bmceolate, 
obtuse  or  witb  a  sbort  callous  point,  tapering-  into  a  sbort  petiole,  3  to 
6  in.  long",  btit  sometimes  oblong--elliptical  and  2  to  4  in.  long-,  of  a 
pale  colour,  veinless  or  obscurely  and  obliquely  penniveined.  Flowers 
small,  in  dense  axillary  clusters,  tbe  very  sbort  rbacbis  birsute.  Pedicels 
glabrous,  filiform,  about  3  liues  long-.  Periiintli  glabrous,  tbe  tube 
scarcely  2  lines  long-,  mucb  revolute  under  tbe  g-lobular  limb.  Torus 
small.  Gland  small.  Ovary  nearly  sessile  ;  style  long-,  witli  a  large 
lateral  convex  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  about  1  in.  long-,  -|-  to  |  in.  broad, 
witb  a  sbort  incurved  beak,  more  or  less  rug-ose  and  sometimes  covered 
witb  larg-e  very  prominent  tubercles.  Seed-wing-  sbortly  decurrent 
along"  tbe  upper  marg-in  of  tbe  nucleus. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc. 
X.  185,  Prod.  385  ;•  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  416 ;  Sweet,  Fl.  Austral. 
t.  27 ;  Embothrium  saliffnum,  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  215 ;  Conchium  sulignum, 
Sm.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ix.  124 ;  Umbothrium  salicijblium,  Vent.  Jard. 
Cels.  t.  8  ;  Conchium  sulicifolium,  Ga^rtn.  f.  Fr.  iii.  217  ;  Hahca  mimo- 
soidcs  A.  Cunn. ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  416;  H.^forulenta,  Meissn. 
in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  116,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  416. 

Queensland.  Araucaria  ranges,  Leichhardt ;  BrisLane  river,  iloreton  Bay,  A. 
CnniiiiujlHim,  F.  MueUer. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Bhie  Mountains,  B.  Broivn,  and  nianyothers; 
Argyie  County,  Fraser ;  New  Enghmd,  C.  Stuart. 

The  Queenshind  specimens,  to  wliich  the  name  of  H.  mimosoides  specially  applies, 
have  louger  leaves  than  niost  of  the  N.  S.  Wales  ones,  and  F.  Mueller^s  have  the  fruits 
narrower  and  less  tuhercuhite,  but  several  N.  S.  Wales  ones  have  the  same  long  leaves, 
with  tiie  fruits  niiknown.  Sonie  of  U.  Stuart's  New  England  specimens  have  the  leaves 
shorter  and  broader  than  usuah  It  will  require,  however,  much  more  complete  speci- 
mens  to  estabiisli  any  definite  varieties. 

47.  H.  verrucosa,  F.  MucII.  Fragm.  v.  25,  vi.  218.  A  handsome 
shrub  of  several  ft.,  tbe  brancbes  closely  pubescent.  Leaves  terete, 
smootb,  rig'id,  mucronate,  1|  to  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  red,  in  short 
racemes,  mostly  terminating-  sbort  leafy  brancbes,  the  pubescent  or 
villous  rbacbis  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Pedicels  g-labrous,  slender,  1  to  2 
lines  long-.  Periantb  g-labrous,  the  tube  4  to  5  lines  long-,  narrow, 
opening-  on  tbe  lower  side  only,  revolute  under  tbe  ovoid-g-lobular 
limb.  Torus  ratber  oblique.  Gland  broad,  semicircular,  scarcely  pro- 
minent.  Ovary  very  sbortly  stipitate ;  style  long-,  witb  an  oblique 
almost  lateral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  above  1  in.  long-,  about  \  in.  broad, 
recurved  at  tbe  bnsc,  tbe  valves  with  a  conical  dorsal  protuberance  near 
tbe  end.  Seed-wing-  dccurrent  about  half  way  down  the  up})er  marg-in 
of  tbe  nucieus. 


Hakeu.]  CIV.    PROTEACEiE.  513 

IV.  or  E.  Australia  ?  A  very  distinct  species,  although  allied  to  H.  purpurea, 
ciiltivated  in  the  Melbonrne  Botanic  Garden  as  West  Australian,  but  suspected  by  F. 
Mueller  to  be  otcastem  oiigin. 

48.  H.  purpurea,  Hook.  i>i  Mitch.  Trop.  Anstr.  348.  A  hard  rigid 
bushy  shrub  of  several  ft.,  o-labrous  except  a  few  silky  hairs  on  the 
very  young*  shoots.  Leaves  terete,  smooth,  once  or  twice  bifid  or  trifid, 
rig"id  and  pung-ent-pointed,  the  whole  leaf  usually  IJ  to  2  in.  long*,  the 
divided  portion  aboul  as  long-  as  the  simple  base.  Flowers  "crimson," 
in  sessile  or  shortly  ])edunculate  axillary  umbels.  Pedicels  glabrous, 
fihform,  3  or  4  Hnes  long*.  Perianth  glabrous,  the  tube  about  5  lines 
long",  dilated  below  the  middle,  open  early  along  the  under  side,  at- 
tenuate  and  revohite  under  the  limb.  Torus  straig-ht,  rather  broad. 
Gland  scarcely  prominent.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  ;  style  long,  with  an 
obliqtie  almost  lateral  stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  l^  to  1|  in,  long",  f  in. 
broad,  nearly  straight,  scarcely  beaked.  Seed-wing-  very  broad,  decur- 
rent  down  both  margins  and  round  the  base  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn. 
in  Linnaja  xxvi.  358,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  404 ;  Grevillea  trisecta,  F. 
Muell.  First  Gen.  Rep.  17  (name  only). 

N.  S.  Wales.  Warrego  river,  Mitchell;  Darling  Desert,  Nielson  (specimens  in 
leaf  onlj). 

Victoria.  N.W.  interior  of  the  Colony,  F.  3Iueller  (the  specimens  seen  all 
cultivated). 

49.  H.  gibbosa,  Cav.  Aml.  Hist.  Nat.  i.  215,  Ic.  vi.  24,  t.  534.     A 

shrub  of  several  ft.,  the  branches  and  young  leaves  hirsute  with  spread- 
ing-  hairs,  the  older  foliage  sometimes  glabrous.  Leaves  terete,  entire, 
smooth,  rigid,  pungent-pointed,  1  to  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  in  sessile 
axillary  clusters.  Pedicels  short,  densely  villous.  Perianth  glabrous, 
the  tube  about  3  Hnes  long,  revolute  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Ovary 
contracted  into  a  very  short  stipes  ;  style  not  long,  with  an  obHque 
stigmatic  disk.  Fruit  ovoid-globular,  oblique,  about  1  in.  diameter, 
rugose,  with  a  very  short  thick  obtuse  obhque  or  incurved  beak,  the 
valves  with  small  dorsal  horns  near  the  end.  Seed-wing-  narrowly  de- 
current  down  both  margins  of  the  nucleus. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linp 
Soc.  X.  181,  Prod.  382  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  401  ;  Banksia  fjibbosa, 
Sm.  in  White  Voy.  224,  t.  22,  f.  2 ;  Conclmim  gihhosmn  Sm.  in  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.  ix.  llO ;  Conchium  spJioeroideum,  Sm.  l.c.  120 ;  Conchium  cor- 
mituni,  Guertn.  f.  Fr.  iii.  216,  t.  219 ;  Hakea  puhescens,  Schrad.  Sert. 
Hannov.  27 ;  Conchium  pubescens.  Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  141 ;  H. 
pinifolia,  Salisb.  Prod.  51  ;  H.  lanigcra,  Ten.  Fl.  Nap.  i.  22,  t.  6. 
N.  S.  TVales.     Port  Jackson,  R.  Brown,  Sieler,  n.  14,  and  others. 

50.  H.  propinqua,  A.  Cunn.  in  Field,  N.  S.  Wales,  327.  A  bushy 
shrub,  thc  adult  foHage  glabrous,  the  branches  scarcely  pubescent. 
Leaves  crowded,  terete,  smooth,  mucronate,  rather  thick,  shortl}'  at- 
tenuate  at  the  base,  mostly  1  to  1|  in.  long.  Flowers  very  small,  in 
Httle  axillary  clusters.  Pedicels  hirsute,  scarcely  1  Hne  long.*^  Perianth 
glabrous,  revolute,  about  1  Hne  long-.     Torus  straight.     Gland  small. 

VOL.  V.  L   L 


614  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [Hahca. 

Ovary  nearly  sessile ;  style  not  long-,  with  a  large  oblique  stigniatic 
disk.  Fruit  above  1  in.  long"  and  nearly  as  broad,  very  rugose,  with 
larg-e  prominent  ohtuse  tubercles,  straight,  scarcely  beaked.  Seed-wing; 
decurrent  along-  the  upper  margin  ot"  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  397  ;  H.  pachijplnjlla,  Sieb.  in  Spreng-.  Syst.  Cur.  Post.  46, 
and  in  Roem.  and  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Mant.  282  ;  E.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  26. 
N.    S.  Wales.     Blue  Mountaius,  A.  Cunningliam,  Slebei;n.  11;  Backhome. 

61.  H.  nodosa,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  1?9,  Prod.  382.  A  shrul) 
of  2to  6  ft.,  quite  g-hibrous  or  the  young-  shoots  minutely  silky-pubes- 
cent,  the  branches  rather  slender.  Leaves  rather  crowded,  terete  and 
slender  or  rather  broader  and  slig'htly  compressed,  mucronate,  smooth, 
slightly  attenuate  at  the  base,  1  to  1|  or  rarely  2  in.  long-.  Flowers 
minute,  in  axillary  clusters.  Pedicels  scarcely  1  line  long-,  slig-htly 
silky.  Perianth  g-labrous,  scarcely  1  line  long-,  revolute  under  the 
limb.  Torus  straig-ht  or  nearly  so.  Gland  prominent,  erect,  semi- 
annular.  Ovary  very  shortly  stipitate ;  style  not  long-,  with  a  large 
very  oblique  stigTnatie  disk.  Fruit  |  to  near  1  in.  long",  |  in.  broad, 
either  verrucose  with  a  broad  obtuse  smooth  but  otherwise  scarcely 
distinct  bcak,  or  the  whole  fruit  smooth.  Seed-wing-  decurrcnt  down  the 
upper  marg-in  to  below  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  397  as 
to  Brown's  phmt  only ;  H.^fiexilis,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  180, 
Prod.  382  ;  Meissn.  l.c.  396,  also  as  to  Brown's  phmt  only ;  H.  scmiplana, 
F.  MuelL ;  Meissn.  in  Linnaea  xxvi.  359,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv,  397. 

Victoria.  Port  Pliillip,  R.  Brown,  Adamson;  hfaths  near  Briilgewafer  Bay  and 
P<iitland,  lioherfson ;  niarshy  pastures  frora  Dandenong  Creck  to  Ciipps'  Laud,  /'. 
Mueller  ;  Granipians  ?  Mitchell. 

52.  H.  acicularis,  i?.  Br.  iu  Tra>is.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  181,  P/W.  383.  A 
tall  shrub  or  small  l;ushy  tree,  g-labrous  except  the  inilorescence,  or  the 
young-  branches  silky  and  the  foliag-e  rarely  minutely  pubescent. 
Leaves  terete,  smooth,  rigdd,  pung-ent-pointed,  1  to  2  or  rarely  near  3 
in.  long',  not  attenuate  at  the  base.  Flowers  in  sessile  axillary  clusters. 
Pedicels  silky-pubescent,  1  to  2  lines  long*.  Perianth  g-labrous,  the 
tube  about  2  lines  long-  in  the  t}^ical  form,  revolute  under  the  limb. 
Torus  straight.  Gland  prominent,  seminnnular.  Ovary  contracted 
into  a  very  short  stipes;  style  not  long-,  widi  an  oblique  stig-matic  disk. 
Fruit  usually  about  1  in.  long-  and  ^  to  |  in.  broad,  very  thick  and 
rugose,  with  a  short  obtuse  smooth  and  straight  beak.  Seed-wing*  de- 
current  along-  the  upper  margin  only  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  iu  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  400 ;  Endl.  Iconogr.  t.  24 ;  Reichb.  Ic.  et  Descr.  Pl.  t.  24 ; 
Cunchmm  ucicnlure,  Vent.  Jard.  Malm.  t.  111  ;  Sm.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc. 
ix.  121  ;  Huhea  sericea,  Schrad.  Sert.  Hannov.  27  ;  Conchium  compressum, 
Sm.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ix.  121 ;  Banksia  tenuifoUa,  Salisb.  Prod.  50 
(Sm.)  ;  H.  decurrens  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  27 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
401. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Bhie  Mountains,  E.  Brown,  Sieber,  n.  10, 
and  Fl.  Mirt  n.  481,  and  many  others  ;  Liveipool  Plains,  A.  Cunningham  ;  Twolold 
Bay,  F.  M%u  llcr. 


Ilakea.]  civ.  proteace^.  515 

Var.  lissosperma.  Leavcs  usually  more  rigiJ  and  stor.ter,  somctinies  3  to  4  in.  long, 
but  sonietimes  like  those  of  tlie  tjpical  form.  Perianth  about  3  Hncs  long.  Fruit 
broatler,  scarcely  beaked.  Nucleus  of  the  secd  less  rugo.se  but  rarely  quite  8niooth  on 
the  outer  iace.  All  tliese  chararters,  liowever,  dccur  occasionally  in  N.  S.  Wales 
specimens,  or  are  scarcely  mavked  in  southern  ones. — H.  lissusperma,  R.  Br.,  in  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.  x.  180,  Prod.  382;  iMeissii.  in  DC.  Frod.  xiv.  4()1 ;  //.  acicularis  and  H. 
lusospernia,  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  325;  H.  hrachijrrhyhcha,  F.  Muell.,  First  Gen.  Kep. 
17  (name  only) ;   H.  obliqua,  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1682  V  nol  of  IL  Br. 

Victoria.  Wilson's  Promontory,  Macaiister  river,  aud  ranges  near  StiegUtz,  F. 
Jlueller. 

Tasmania.  Derwent  river,  li.  Broivn ;  Cape  Barren  and  Fiinders  Islands,  Bass's 
Straits,  Gunn,  3Iilligan;  common  in  subalpiue  stations  from  2000  to  4000  ft.  elevation, 
/.  D.  Hoolcer. 

53.  H.  leucoptera,  B.  Br.  i/i  Trans.  Liim.  Soc.  x.  180,  Prod.  382. 
A  shrub  witli  rather  slender  vhg-ate  branches,  minutely  hoary-pubes- 
cent.  Leaves  terete,  smooth,  mucronate  with  fine  straig'ht  rigid  points, 
more  or  less  attenuate  at  the  base,  1|^  to  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  small,  in 
short  racemes  or  chisters  peduncuhate  in  the  axils  or  rarely  terminating* 
short  leafy  branches,  the  peduncle  and  rhachis  minutely  silky-pubes- 
cent,  h  to  I  in.  long-.  Pedicels  g-labrous,  2  to  2|  hnes  long*.  Perianth 
g'labrous,  the  tube  about  2^  hnes  long-,  sHg-htly  dilated  below  the 
middle,  revolute  under  the  Hmb.  Torus  sHg-htly  obHque.  Ghmd 
semiannular.  Ovary  stipitate ;  style  not  long',  with  a  very  obHque 
ahnost  hiteral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  about  1  in.  long-,  J  to  f  in.  broad, 
often  somewhat  verrucose,  with  a  short  conicnl  beak,  the  valves  without 
any  or  with  scarcely  prominent  dorsal  protuberances  at  the  end.  Seed- 
wing-  usually  more  or  less  decurrent  along-  the  upper  margin  only  of 
the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  396  ;  F.  MueH.  Frag-m.  vi. 
219  (but  not  aU  the  synonyms  adduced)  ;  H.  lencoccphala,  Dietr.  Syn. 
PL  i.  631  (by  a  misprint)  ;  H.  virfiata  R.  Br.  Prot.  Kov.  26 ;  Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  395 ;  //.  tephrosperma,  R.  Br.  hc.  ;  Meissn.  Lc.  402  ; 
H.  loifficuspis,  Hook.  in  Mitch.  Trop.  Austr.  397  ;  Meissn.  Lc.  395 ;  H. 
stricta,  F.  MuelL  ;  Meissn.  in  Linnaea  xxvi.  360  and  Lc.  400. 

Queensland.     Armadilla,  Barfon. 

KT.  S.  'Wales.  Field's  and  Harrington's  Piains,  Lachlan  river,  A.  Cunningham, 
Fraser ;  Plains  near  the  Gwydir,  Mitchell ;  Lachlan  and  Darling  rivers  to  the  Barrier 
range,  Victorian  and  other  Evpeditions  ;  Mount  Murchison,  Bonney. 

Victoria.     Murray  Desert,  F.  3Iueller  ;  N.W.  districts,  L.  Morton. 

S.  Australia.     Head  of  Spencer'8  Gulf,  R.  Broxon;  Cooper's  Creek,  Murray. 

In  some  specimens  of  Fraser's  the  fruit  appears  much  narrower,  but  is  evidently  not 
fully  ripe. 

54.  H.  cycloptera,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  182,  Prod.  383. 
Branches  virg-ate,  quite  g-labrous.  Leaves  terete,  smooth,  rig-id,  pun- 
g-ent-pointed,  not  contracted  at  the  base,  3  to  5  in.  long-.  Flowers  in 
sessile  axillary  clusters,  the  whole  intlorescence  quite  g-labrous.  Pedicels 
1  to  2  Hnes  long-.  Perianth  glabrous,  the  tube  not  2  Hnes  long',  revo- 
lute  under  the  limb.  Torus  straig-ht.  Ghmd  smaH.  Ovary  on  a  rather 
lon"'  stipes ;  style  not  long-,  with  an  obHquc  stig^matic  disk.  Fruit 
nearly  \h  in-  long-  and  above  1  in.  broad,  rug-ose,  obtuse,  the  valves 
with  dorsal  horns  near  the  end.     Seed-wing'  broad,  decurrent  along- 

L  L  2 


516  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [Haltea. 

both  marg-ins  and  round  the  base  of  the   nucleus.— Meissn.    in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  402. 

S.  Australia.  Port  Lincoln,  E.  Brown,  Wilhelmi ;  the  formcr  specimens  in  fruit 
oniy,  tbe  iattcr  in  flower  witli  detaclied  fruits. 

65.  H.  microcarpa,  li.  Br.  in  Tmns.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  182,  Prod.  383. 
A  shrub  varying-  from  2  or  3  ft.  to  twice  that  heig-ht,  quite  giabrous  or 
with  a  very  minute  jDubescence  on  the  young-  branches  and  fohag-e. 
Leaves  mostly  terete  and  smooth,  slender  or  thick,  from  1  in.  in  some 
specimens  to  4  in.  long-  in  others,  but  sometimes  the  lower  ones  or  in 
other  specimens  nearly  or  quite  all  more  or  less  compressed  or  chan- 
nelled  above,  or  quite  flat  and  hnear-lanceolate  with  the  midrib  and 
margins  prominent  underneath.  Flowers  in  axillary  chisters.  Perianth 
giabrous  as  well  as  the  pedicels,  the  tube  usually  about  2  lines  long 
but  variable  in  size,  revokite  under  the  limb.  Torus  straigiit.  Gland 
semiannular.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  ;  style  not  long-,  with  a  broad 
somewhat  oblique  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  |  to  nearly  |  in.  long',  about 
\  in.  broad,  obHc[ue,  smooth  or  slig-htly  rug'ose,  the  valves  Avith  short 
dorsal  horns  near  the  end  sometimes  reduced  to  small  protuberances  or 
almost  obsolete. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  400  ;  Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm. 
i.  324 ;  Bot.  Reg-.  t.  4?o ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  219  ;  H.  patula,  R.  Br. 
Prot.  Nov.  2? ;    Meissn.  l.c.  401  ;  H.  bifrons,  Meissn.  Lc.  400. 

N.  S.  TVales.  ^lacquarrie  river,  A.  Cunningham  ;  near  Batburst,  Fraser ;  Ber- 
rinia,  Woolls ;  Xew  England,  C.  Stuart ;  Clarence  river,  BecJder. 

Victoria.  Elephant  plains,  Bohertson,  F.Mueller ;  Ovens,  King  and  UpperGtnoa 
rivcrs,  ascending  the  Australian  Alps  to  5000  or  6000  ft.,  F.  3Iueller. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrjmple,  B.  Broivn;  common  especially  on  gravelly  banks  of 
rivers,  ascending  to  3000  tt.,  J.  D.  Hooher. 

The  fiat  or  channelled  leaves,  very  rare  in  Tasmanian  specimens,  are  common  in  many 
oftheN.S.  Wales  and  Victorian  ones,  and  sometimes  to  the  exclusion  of  the  terete 
leaves.  It  is  probabie  therefore  that  H.  Mitchellii,  IMeissn  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  398,  of 
wbich  I  bave  seen  no  authentic  specimen,  sbouid  be  included  in  H.  microcarpa. 

56.  H.  recurva,  Meissn.  in  BC.  Prod.  xiv.  394.  A  very  stout  rigid 
shrub,  the  branches  and  foHag'e  g"labrous.  Leaves  terete,  smooth,  very 
thick  and  rigid,  pung-ent-pointed,  very  spreading-  or  recurved,  3  or  4 
in.  long".  Flowers  numerous  in  sessile  nxiHary  chisters  or  dense 
racemes,  with  a  villous  rhachis  of  1  to  2  hues.  Pedicels  giabrous,  fiH- 
form,  4  or  5  Hnes  long-.  Perianth  giabrous,  the  tube  about  3  Hnes 
long',  sHg-htly  dilated  below  the  middle,  much  revoHite  upwards.  Torus 
straigiit.  Gland  very  prominent,  semicupular.  Ovary  contracted  into 
a  very  short  stipes ;  style  not  very  long-,  with  an  obHque  convex 
stig-matic  disk. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  288,  6th  coll.  n.  160;  Murchison  river, 
Oldfield. 

57.  H.  circumalata,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Joiirn.  vii.  114,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  402.  A  bushy  shrub,  the  3'oung-  branches  tomentose. 
Leaves  terete,  smooth,  rigid,  rather  thick,  pung-ent-pointed,  |  to  above 
1  in.  long,  rarely  contracted  at  the  base,  at  first  pubescent,  at  length 


Haheu.]  civ.  proteace^.  517 

neavly  g-labrous.  Flowers  in  terminal  sessile  clusters.  Pedicels  1  to  2 
lines  long-,  sparingly  pubescent.  Periantli  g-labrous,  tlie  tube  about  2 
lines  long',  much  revolute  above  the  middle,  the  upper  seg'ments  much 
shorter.  Torus  small.  Gland  semiannular,  not  very  prominent. 
Ovarv  contracted  into  a  thick  stipes ;  style  rather  long-,  with  a  broad 
obhque  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  about  |  in.  long-,  |  in.  broad,  very 
rugose  or  nearly  smooth,  very  shortly  beaked,  the  valves  with  short  or 
long-  dorsal  protuberances  or  horns  near  the  end.  Seed-wing"  decur- 
rent  along-  both  marg-ins  round  the  base  of  the  nucleus. 

VT.  Australia,  Drummond,  4th  coll.  n.  290,  &th  coll.  n.  192  ;  Murchison  river, 
Oldfield. 

58.  H.  commutata,  F.  Muell.  Fmgm.  v.  26.  Glabrous  in  every 
part  even  the  young-  shoots  and  rhachis  of  the  inflorescence.  Leaves 
terete,  thick,  smooth,  mucronate,  attenuate  at  the  base,  ^  ^o  1  in.  long' 
on  the  flowering-  branches,  sometimes  twice  as  long-  on  the  main  stems. 
Flowers  in  shortly  pedunculate  clusters,  terminal  or  lateral  on  the  old 
wood,  the  rhachis  and  peduncle  tog"ether  1  to  3  lines,  the  pedicels  2  to 
3  lines  long".  Perianth  about  3  lines  long",  much  revolute,  the  upper 
seg'ments  short.  Torus  straig-ht.  Gland  small.  Ovary  ahnost  sessile  ; 
style  rather  long-,  slig-htly  thickened  under  the  very  obHque  almost 
lateral  stig-matic  disk.  Fruit  (if  correctly  matched)  f  in.  long",  about 
6  lines  broad,  smooth,  with  a  short  broad  very  obtuse  beak,  straig-ht  or 
slig-htly  incurved.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  on  the  upper  marg-in  only  of 
the  nucleus. — H.  nodosa,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  555,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  397  as  to  the  western  specimens,  not  of  R.  Br. 

"W,  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  n.  412  (in  flower),  n.  41,  and  5th  coll.  suppl. 
n.  13  (in  fruit). 

59.  H.  strumosa,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  402.  A  shrub  of  2  to 
6  ft.,  quite  glabrous  even  the  inflorescence.  Leaves  terete,  smooth, 
rigid,  mucronate,  scarcely  contracted  at  the  base,  1|  to  3  in.  long". 
Flowers  in  sessile  axiHary  clusters.  Pedicels  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Peri- 
anth  g'labrous,  the  tube  about  2  lines  long-,  revolute  under  the  globular 
limb.  Torus  small.  Ghmd  very  prominent,  erect,  oblong-.  Ovary 
nearly  sessile ;  style  rather  long-,  with  an  obHque  stigmatic  disk. 
Fruit  1|  to  2  in.  long-,  1  to  1|  in.  broad,  very  thick  and  g-ibbous,  with 
a  very  small  hiteral  beak  often  almost  obsolete.  Seed-wing-  very 
broadly  decurrent  along-  both  marg'ins  round  the  base  of  the  nucleus. 

V^.  Australia,  Drummond,  Mh  coU.  n.  289;  poor  ridges  from  Mount.Bland  to 
Esperance  Bay,  Maxwell. 

Sect.  3.  CoNOGYNOiDES. — Racemes  usually  short  or  reduced  to 
sessile  clusters,  rarely  elongated,  enclosed  before  their  development  in 
an  involucre  or  bud  of  imbricate  scales.  Perianth  glabrous,  recurved 
or  revolute  under  the  Hmb.     Stig-matic  cone  erect  or  scarcely  oblique. 

The  flowers  are  difficult  to  distinguish  from  those  of  the  section  Conogyne  of  Gre- 
villea,  hut  the  inflorescence  and  fruils  are  those  of  Hakea. 


618  civ.    PROTEACEJE.  \Hahea. 

Series  1.  LoNQiSTYLjE. — Leavcs  flat,  entire,  oblono'-lanceolate  or 
narrow.  Style  at  least  twice  as  long  as  the  perianth.  Stigmatic  cone 
long'  and  narrow. 

60.  H.  multilineata,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  261,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  410.  A  tree  or  tall  shrub.  Leaves  linear-lonceolate  to  oblong- 
cuneate,  very  obtuse,  tapering-  towards  the  base,  0  to  8  in.  long  when 
narrow,  3  to  5  in.  when  broad,  flat,  thick,  niinutely  pubescent,  striate 
with  numerous  parallel  not  prominent  nerves.  Racemes  axillary, 
sessile,  very  dense  and  spike-like,  1-^  to  above  3  in.  long-,  the  rhacbis 
and  flowers  quite  glabrous  in  the  typical  form.  Perianth-tube  2  to  3 
lines  long-,  slender,  reflexed  unde/  the  oblong-  limb.  Torus  rather 
oblique.  Ghind  broad,  flat,  semicircular.  Ovary  very  shortly  stipi- 
tate  ;  style  long-,  filiform,  with  a  long-  narrow  somewhat  oblique  stig- 
matic  cone.  Fruit  ovoid-globular,  with  a  very  short  beak,  about  \  in. 
diameter. 

S.  Australia.     Gawlei-  rancres,  SulUnan. 

W.  Australia,   Drummond,  Brd  coll.  n.  Ilb,  Wi  coll.  suppl.  n.  18. 

Var.  grammatophjlla.  Rhachis  of  tlie  raceme  densely  tomentose.  I  can  perceive 
no  other  difference,  biit  the  specimens  are  not  satisfactory. —  Grevillea  grammatopJn/lla, 
F.  Muell.  Fragin.  v.  25;  Hakea  grammntophylla,  F.  Muell.  Fragtu.  vi.  214. — Ceiitral 
Mount  Stuart,  31'Doiiall  Stuarfs  Expcdition. 

H.  Francisiana,  F.  Mueli.  Fragm.  i.  20,  from  Spencer's  Gulf,  Francis,  of  wliich  I 
find  no  specinien  anvng  F.  Mueller's  collections,  is  probably,  froni  tiie  character  given, 
not  difTeient  from  H  multilineata,  which  differs  widely  from  all  other  species  iu  tbe 
venation  of  the  leaves. 

61.  H.  laurina,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  29.  A  shrub  of  10  ft.  or  more  or 
a  small  tree  attaining-  30  ft.,  the  branches  minutely  hoary-tomentose  or 
g-labrous  as  well  as  the  foliage.  Leaves  narrowly  elliptical-oblong-  or 
oblong--lanceolate,  often  shortly  acuminate  but  obtuse,  tapering-  into  a 
long-  petiole,  mostly  4  to  6  in.  long-,  triplinerved  besides  the  thick 
nerve-like  marg-ins  and  sometimes  with  an  additional  longitudinal  vein 
between  tlie  nerves.  Flowers  "  crimson "  in  larg-e  dense  g-lobular 
clusters  sessile  in  the  axils,  the  g-lobular  rhachis  densely  villous. 
Pedicels  glabrous,  about  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous,'  the  tube 
scarcely  above  3  lines  long-,  retiexed  under  the  oblong-  limb.  Torus 
very  oblique.  Gland  larg-e,  disk-shaped.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  on 
the  upper  margin  of  the  torus  ;  style  long-,  with  a  long-  narrow  stig-- 
matic  cone.  Fruit  1  to  l\  in.  long-  and  f  in.  broad  or  rather  larg-er, 
more  or  less  cristate  along-  the  upper  suture,  with  a  very  short  small 
beak.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  along-  both  marg-ins  round  the  base  of  the 
nucleus.— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  411  ;  H.  enca1>/ptoidcs,  Meissn.  in 
PI.  Preiss.  i.  573,  ii.  262,  and  in  DC.  l.c.  413 :  F.  Muell.  Fragm. 
iv.  130. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n.  274,  Ath  coll.  n.  294  ;  botween  Lucky  Bay 
and  Cape  Arid,  Ba.vtcr  ,-  towards  Cape  Kiche,  Freiss,  n.  5t)5  ;  between  Perth  aiidKing 
George^s  Sound,  Harvei/ ;  Stirliug,  Fitzgerald,  &c.  rangcs  all  the  way  to  Cape  Arid, 
MaxweU. 


Hahea.]  civ.  proteace.t:.  519 

62.  H.  obtusa,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  411.  A  spreading-  slinib 
of  2  or  3  ft.,  tlie  3'oung-  shoots  silky-tomentose,  tlie  adult  foliage 
g-labrous.  Loaves  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  with  a  callous  point 
contracted  into  a  verv  short  petiole  or  ahiiost  sessile,  l^  to  2i-  in.  long:, 
])rominently  ;3-nerved.  Flowers  (red  .'')  in  dense  chxsters  on  the  old 
wood,  tlie  villous  rhachis  1  to  l-J-  Hnes  long-.  Pedicels  g-hibrous,  about 
2  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous,  the  tube  about  2  Hnes  hjng,  rellexed 
under  the  Hnib.  Torus  very  obHque  and  narrow,  the  ghind  horseshoe- 
shaped  occupying-  the  lower  portion.  Ovary  nearly  sessile  at  the 
upper  end  of  the  torus  ;  style  very  long-  with  a  long-  narrow  sti{^- 
matic  cone.  Fruit  nearly  1  "in.  long-,  ^  to  f  in.  broad,  with  a  short 
straight  beak ;  sometimes"^several  fruits  clustered  together  and  almost 
connate. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  n.  409  ;  coast  hills  near  E.  Mount  Barren, 
Maxu-ell. 

63.  H.  cinerea,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soe.  x.  186,  Prod.  385.  A 
stout  shrub  of  5  or  6  ft.,  the  branches  densely  tomentose.  Leaves 
linear-cuneate  or  oblanceolate,  obtuse,  tapering-  to  the  base  but 
scarcely  petiolate,  4  to  7  in.  long-,  very  thick  and  rig-id,  of  an  ashy  grey 
colour'  and  minutely  scabrous,  very  prominently  triplinerved,  with 
nerve-like  margins.  '  Flowers  numerous  in  g-lobular  axillary  clusters, 
the  villous  rhachis  very  short.  Perianth  g-labrous,  the  tube  very 
slender,  about  ^  in.  long-,  reilexed  under  the  oblong-  Hmb.  Torus 
obHque,  Gland  not  very  prominent,  but  almost  surrounding-  the 
sessiie  ovary.  Style  long-,'with  a  long-  narrow  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit 
small,  erect,  ^  to  "f  in.  long-  including  the  rather  long-  straight  beak, 
4  to  5  Hnes  broad,  smooth  or  tubercular-rug-ose.  Seed-wing-  decurrent 
on  the  upper  margin  only  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
414;  H.  canescens,  Link.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  i.  118;  H.  tricostata, 
Hook.  Ic.  PI.  t.  435. 

W.  Australia.  Lucky  Bay,  B.  Broivn,  Baxter  ;  Esperance  Bay  to  Cape  Arid, 
Maxwell. 

64.  H.  cor^rmbosa,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  28.  A  much-branched  flat- 
topped  shrub  of  1  to  2  ft.,  the  branches  tomentose,  the  foliage  minutely 
silky-pubescent  or  at  leng-th  g-labrous.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-cuneate, 
mucronate,  tapering  to  the  base  but  scarcely  petiolate,  l^  to  3  in.  long-, 
very  thick,  1-nerved  underneath,  almost  nerveless  above,  the  margms 
thick.  Flowers  in  axillary  clusters,  the  tioral  leaves  sometimes 
crowded  in  false-whorls,  the  bud-scales  or  involucre  sometimes  per- 
sisting-  till  the  llowers  expand.  Flowers  pale  yellow,  not  very  nume- 
rous.°  Pedicels  glabrous,  1  to  2  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous,  the 
tube  narrow,  fuHy  0  lines  long-,  retlexed  only  under  the  oblong  limb. 
Torus  oblique.  Gland  almost  disk-shaped.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate  on 
the  upper  end  of  the  torus  ;  style  long,  with  a  long-  narrow  stigmatic 
cone.  Fruit  f  to  almost  1  in.  long  and  almost  as  thick,  with  a  very  short 
straight  beak.     Seed-wing  decurrent  along  both   margins  and  round 


620  fiv.   PROTEACE^.  [Hahea. 

the   base  of  tlie   nucleus   but  very  narrow   on  the  upper  marg-in. — 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  574,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  418. 

^V.  Australia.  King  George's  Soiind  or  to  the  eastward,  Baxter ;  Stirling  Eange, 
F.  Mueller;  S.W.  Bay,  Kalgan  and  Tone  rivers,  Oldfield ;  Phillips  ranges,  Jlaxicell. 

Series  2.  Petiolares. — Leaves  broad,  triplinerved  and  reticuhite, 
the  veins  prominent  or  obscure,  tapering-  into  a  distinct  petiole.  Style 
not  twice  as  long*  as  the  perianth. 

65.  H.  undulata,  i?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  185,  Prod.  384.  An 
erect  shrub  of  0  to  8  ft.,  the  young'  shoots  ferruginous-tomentose  or 
villous,  the  adult  foliag-e  g-labrous.  Leaves  obovate  ovate  oblong-  or 
rarely  lanceokite,  more  or  less  undulate  and  prickly-toothed,  tapering- 
into  a  petiole,  2  to  3  or  rarely  4  in,  long-,  rig-id,  triplinerved  or  quintu- 
plinerved  and  reticulate.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary  clusters,  the  rhachis 
villous,  sometimes  1  line  long-.  Pedicels  g-labrous,  1  to  2  lines  long-. 
Perianth  g-labrous,  the  tube  not  1|  lines  long-,  revolute  under  the  limb. 
Torus  small,  slightly  oblique.  Gland  very  small.  Ovary  shortly  sti- 
pitate ;  style  not  long-,  with  a  narrow  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  recurved 
at  the  base,  1  to  l^  in.  long',  j  to  |  in.  broad,  somewhat  rug'ose,  dis- 
tinctly  beaked.  Seed-wing*  decurrent  on  the  upper  marg-in  "of  the 
nucleus  to  the  base. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  500,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  407 ;  Hook.  Ic.  PI.  t.  447 ;  Anadcnia  hahcoides,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv. 
App.  30. 

TV.  Australia.  King  'Jeorge^s  Sound,  R.  Broum,  Fraser ;  thence  to  Swan  river, 
Drummond,  n.  92,  Ist  coll.  n.  613;  Green  Mountain,  Preiss,  n.  560;  Tone  and  Canning 
rivers,  Oldfield. 

QQ.  H.  petiolaris,  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  577,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  413.  A  tall  shrub,  attaining-  6  to  8  ffc.,  glabrous  and  glaucous,  the 
young-  shoots  silky.  Leaves  orbicular  or  ovate,  shortly  acuminate, 
entire,  contracted  into  a  rather  long"  petiole,  1\  to  4  in.  long-  and  some- 
times  quite  as  broad,  thick  and  rigid,  with  nerve-hke  margins,  more  or 
less  distinctly  tripHnerved  or  sometimes  5-phnerved  and  reticulate. 
Flowers  very  numerous  in  axillary  chisters  or  racemes,  the  thick  villous 
rhachis  sometimes  3  or  4  lines  lono-.  Pedicels  g-labrous,  3  or  4  lines 
long.  Perianth  g-labrous,  the  tube  slender,  nearly  3  lines  long-,  revo- 
lute  under  the  ovoid  hmb.  Torus  obhque.  Gland  thick,  flat,  semi- 
orbicuhir.  Ovary  stipitate  on  the  upper  marg-in  of  the  torus ;  style 
rather  long-,  witli  a  narrow  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit  1  to  l^  in.  long-,  0  to 
8  hnes  broad,  nearly  smooth,  with  a  rather  narrow  straig-ht  beak. 
Seed-wing  rather  broadly  decurrent  along-  both  margius  of  the  nucleus. 
— H.  crassincrvia,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  578,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
413. 

W.  Australia,  Drummovd,  n.  9.5,  \st  coll.  n.  607;  rocks  of  Mount  Currie  and 
Mount  Hardy,  Preis.i,  n.  557,  559.  The  relative  prominence  and  length  of  2  or  more 
of  the  priiicipal  primary  vtins  is  vcry  variablc,  even  in  different  leaves  of  the  same 
Bpecimen, 


Hahm.]  civ.  proteaceje.  521 

6?.  H.  neurophylla,  MriK.v).  in.  ILwh.  Kcw  Jmrn.  vii.  11?,  and  vi  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  418.  Youny  slioots  minutely  hoarv,  tlie  ailult  foliag-e  gla- 
brous  and  g-laucous.  Leaves  Gvate-elliptical  to  oblong-lanceolate, 
shortly  acuminate  or  rarely  almost  obtuse,  contracted  into  a  broad  but 
distinct  petiole,  2  to  8  in.  long,  very  thick  and  rig-id,  ^vith  nerve-like 
marg-ins,  irreg-ularly  tripHnerved  or  quintuplinerved,  with  few  anasto- 
mosing-  veins.  Flowers  in  axinary  clusters,  the  rhachis  villous,  about 
1  line  long-.  Pedicels  g^abrous,  about  2  lines  long-,  revolute  under  the 
ovoid-globular  limb.  Torus  small,  oblique.  Gland  small.  Ovary 
sessile  or  nearly  so ;  style  not  very  long-,  witli  a  straight  stigmatic 
cone.  Fruit  about  1  in.  long-,  |  in.  thick,  with  a  nearly  straight  conical 
beak.  Seed-wing-  rather  broadly  decurrent  on  the  upper  margin  only 
of  the  nucleus. 

W.  Australia.  Between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drmnmond,  6th  coll.  ii. 
195.     Possibly  a  variety  only  oi  H.  petiolaris. 

QS.  H.  loranthifolia,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  574,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  411.  A  shrub  of  6  ft.,  all  our  specimens  quite  ghibrous.  Leaves 
obovate  to  elliptical-oblong-,  acuminate  with  a  rigid  point,  tapering  into 
a  petiole,  IJ  to  2  in.  long,  very  rigid,  obscurely  triphnerved  with  some- 
times  2  or  3  additional  longituclinal  primary  veins  but  very  faint. 
Flowers  small,  in  axillary  chisters  or  short  racemes,  with  a  pubescent 
rhachis  of  i^  to  1  line.  Pedicels  glabrous,  under  1  line  long.  Perianth 
g'labrous,  the  tube  under  2  hnes  long,  reilexed  under  the  hmb.  Torus 
smalL  Gland  prominent  and  thick  but  small.  Ovary  contracted  into 
a  short  stipes ;  style  not  long,  with  a  straight  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit 
about  f  in.  long-,  ^  in.  thick,  witli  a  very  short  sHghtly  curved  beak. 
Seed-wing  decurrent  on  the  upper  margin  only  of  the  nucleus. 

\tr.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.  n,  606 ;  near  York,  Freiss,  n.  567. 

Series  3.  Sessiles. — Leaves  from  very  broad  to  oblong-lanceolate, 
3-  or  more-nerved  and  reticulate,  sessile  or  nearly  so.  St^de  not  twice 
as  long-  as  the  perianth. 

69.  H.  cucullata,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  30.  An  erect  stout  shrub, 
attaining  sometimes  12  to  14  ft.,  the  branches  softly  tomentose  and 
often  villous  with  spreading  hairs,  the  young  shoots  entirely  tomentose 
or  villous,  the  adult  foHage  glabrous  or  minutely  scabrous.  Leaves 
on  the  flowering  branches  sessile,  orbicular  or  reniform,  spreading-  and 
concave,  2  to  4  in.  diameter,  rigid,  entire  crenate  sinuate  or  bordered 
by  short  prickly  teeth,  several-nerved  and  reticulate  on  both  sides ; 
those  of  the  young-  plant  or  barren  shoots  oblong-  or  eHiptical,  penni- 
veined  and  priekly-toothed.  Flowers  cHistered  in  the  axils,  almost  con- 
cealed  at  the  base  of  the  leaves.  Pedicels  not  exceeding  1  Hne.  Pe- 
rianth  gbabrous,  the  tube  4  or  5  Hnes  long,  revohite  under  the  ovoid- 
oblong  Hmb.  Torus  obHque.  Ghmd  large,  horseshoe-shaped.  Ovary 
nearly  sessile ;  style  long-  with  a  long  narrow  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit 
obHque,  about  1  in.  long-  aud  |  in.  broad,  more  or  less  rug-ose,  the  beak 


522  nv.   i'R(!TEACE^.  [Ilakea. 

very  sliort.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  along-  both  marg-ins  round  the  base  of 
the  nucleus.— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  408 ;  Hook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  441  ; 
Bot.  Mag-.  t.  4528 ;  coj^ied  into  Lem.  Fl.  Jard.  t.  45 ;  //.  conchifoUa, 
Hook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  482;  Meissn  Lc,  //.  yictoria-,  Drumm.  in  Bot.  Mag". 
Ixxiv.  Comp.  2 ;  Meissn.  l.c.  409. 

yJV.  Australia.  Mount  Gardner,  Bartcr  ;  King  George's  Souni-1  or  towanls  Swan 
river,  Druivmoml,  \st  cull  n.  611,  West  Mount  Banen,  IJrumitiond,  Ath  coll.  n.  3U0  ; 
near  Wuljeuup  and  Mount  Manypeak,  Preiss,  n.  bZl  ;  Kalgan  river,  OUlJidd ;  north 
of  Stirling  Eange,  F.  Muellcr. 

The  diflifulty  of  reducing  Kpecimens  of  this  finc  plant  to  herbarium  size  is  the  causo 
of  our  inabiiity  to  ascertaiu  whelher  there  reaiiy  is  any  sufficient  cluiracterto  distiuguish 
tlie  three  supposed  species.  I  can  find  no  difierence  in  tlie  flowers  or  fruits,  aud  the 
leaves  apiiear  to  vary,  quite  entire  or  denticulate.  1  he  West  Mouiit  B-<rren  specimens  are 
described  by  DrumuKind  as  formiiig  erect  almost  simpie  steiiis  of  12  ft.ormnre,  with 
closely  packed  leaves  showing  distiiictly  each  year's  growtli  of  (5  to  9  inciies;,  the  lower 
or  earlier  ones  very  large,  the  upper  ones  gradually  diminisliing,  and  all  with  richly- 
coloured  veins,  the  young  ones  wliitish  yellow,  tlie  iiitermediate  ones  orange,  tiiriiing 
to  a  deep  crimson.  No  such  colours  are  described  in  tlie  niore  common  Stirling  Eaiige 
plant,  and  Diummond's  dried  specimens  have  entirely  lost  that  which  they  had. 

70.  H.  fermginea,  Sn-eet,  Fl.  Anstral.  t.  45.  A  slender  shrub  of 
3  or  4  ft.,  the  young  branches  tomentose-pubescent.  Leaves  g-labrous 
or  villous,  sessile,  from  cordate-ovate  to  ovate-hinceolate,  shortly  acu- 
minate,  with  a  callous  point,  entire  or  witli  slig"htly  sinuate  or  undulate 
margins,  1|  to  8  in.  long-,  llat,  several-nerved  aud  reticulate  on  both 
sides.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary  clusters.  Pedicels  1  to  1|  lines  long-. 
Perianth  giabrous,  about  3  lines  long-,  much  revolute,  the  upper  seg'- 
ments  scarcely  2  lines  long-,  the  limb  ovoid.  Torus  oblique.  Gland 
small,  semiorbicidar.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate ;  style  not  very  long*, 
Avith  a  narrow  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  nearly  1  in.  long  and  |  in.  broad, 
■with  a  long-  narrow  beak.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  down  the  upper  margin 
only  of  the  nucleus. — Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3424;  H.  repanda,  R.  Br.  Prot.  INov. 
30;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  568,  ii.  261,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  408; 
Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1760. 

yjV.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoiuing  districts,  Ba.rter,  Cunning- 
ham,  I)rinnmoi)d,  ?,rcl  coll.  n.  279  ;  Mount  Wuljenup,  Frciss,  n.  547  ;  iMount  Barker, 
Oldjield  ;  Stiiling  Kange,  F.  Mueller  ;  W.  Mount  Barren,  Maxwcll. 

71.  H.  smilacifolia,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  567,  and  in  JDC.  Prod. 
xiv.  408.  An  erect  shrub,  attaining*  3  or  4  ft.,  difficult  to  disting-uish 
from  II.  ferruginca  without  the  fruit.  Branches  tomentose-villous  and 
often  hirsute  with  spreading'  hairs.  Leaves  sessile,  broadly  ovate, 
acutely  acuminate,  rounded  or  cuneate  at  the  base  and  never  cordate, 
entire  or  sliglitly  sinuate,  1  to  2  in.  long-,  usually  pubescent,  several- 
nerved  and  reticulate.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary  clusters,  resembling* 
those  of  H.  ferrufjinca,  but  not  seen  in  a  very  good  state.  Fruit  very 
smooth,  about  ^  in.  long-  and  \  in.  broad,  not  so  distinctly  beaked  as  i"n 
H.  ferruginea,  and  without  the  thick  woody  protuberance  of  most  Hakea 
fruits. 

W.  Australia.  Drummond,  n.  97;  Quancen  plains,  Preiss,  n.  535;  Cujong, 
Oldjield.  .  .       F         .  .  ,        J     B, 


Hdkeu.]  CIV.    PROTEACEvE.  5'J8 

72.  H.  elliptica,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  187,  Prod.  386.  A 
shrub  attainin<)'  (3  to  8  ft.,  tlie  branches  and  young-  shoots  ferruyinous- 
tomentose,  the  adult  foliag-o  olabrous  or  minutely  pubescent.  Leaves 
sessile  or  nearly  so,  broadl}'  oval  or  elHptical,  obtuse  but  usually  with 
a  small  callous  point,  1-i-  to  3  in.  long-,  many-nerved  and  reticuhite  on 
both  sides.  Flowers  numerous,  in  axiHary  chisters  on  very  short 
racemes,  the  villous  rhachis  rarely  above  1  line  long-,  Pedicels  gla- 
brous,  2  to  4  Hnes  lon^.  Periantli  g-hibrous,  the  tube  slender,  about 
2  Hnes  long-,  revoHite  under  the  ovoid  Hmb.  Torus  obHque.  Gland 
prominent,  tlat,  semiorbicuhir.  Ovary  stipitate  on  the  upper  margin  of 
the  torus ;  style  fiHform,  with  an  erect  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  about  1 
in.  long-  and  nearly  f  in.  broad,  usuaUy  smooth,  with  a  small  obHque 
beak.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  on  the  upper  margin  about  halfway  down 
the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  o6S,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  412 ; 
Conohium  elUpticuin,  Sm.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ix.  123. 

Vir.  Australia.  King  George's  8oand  and  adjoining  districts,  R.  Brown,  A.  Cun- 
ningham,  Preiss,  n.  558,  and  many  others. 

73.  H.  ambigua,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  260,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
415.  Branches  tomentose  or  ahnost  viHous.  Leaves  from  narrow- 
lanceolate  to  oblong'-eniptical,  obtuse  or  with  a  small  callous  point, 
contracted  at  the  base  but  sessile  or  nearly  so,  minutely  pubescent  or 
g-labrous  when  full  g-rown,  prominently  triplinerved  and  sometimes 
reticulate  between  the  nerves,  1|  to  near  3  in.  long.  Flowers  only 
seen  in  a  rather  imperfect  state  but  apparently  Hke  those  of  H.  eUiptica. 
Fruit  f  to  near  1  in.  long-,  J  in.  broad,  with  a  rather  long-  nearly 
straig"ht  conical  beak.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  on  the  upper  marg-in  only 
of  the  nucleus. — H.  trinervi.'^,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  414. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coU.  n.  277,  5th  coll.  n.  408.  F.  IMuellpr  con.si- 
ders  this  as  a  narrow-leaved  variety  ot'  H.  ellijjtica,  but  the  leaves  have  only  3  principal 
nerves  even  wlien  broad,  and  the  fruit  has  a  much  longer  straiglit  beak. 

Series  4.  Nervos^. — Leaves  lanceolate  or  Hnear,  prominently 
3-  or  more  nerved  (rarely  2-  or  1-nerved  when  very  narrow)  smooth 
between  the  nerves. 

74.  H.  plurinervia,  F.  MucU.  Herh.  A  shrub  of  6  or  7  ft.,  the 
young  branclies  loosely  tomentose.  Leaves  lanceolate,  fiilcate,  obtuse 
and  often  oblique  at  the  end,  with  a  small  callous  point,  tapering-  into  a 
very  short  petiole  or  almost  sessile,  4  to  6  in.  long-  and  -^-  to  |  in.  broad, 
with  about  7  longitudinal  nerves  prominent  on  both  sides.  Flowers 
small  and  numerotis  in  axilhiry  cltisters,  the  villous  rliaclus  rarely  above 
1  line  iong\  Pedicels  glabrous,  2  or  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  g-Iabrous, 
the  tube  scarcely  a])ove  2  lines  long-,  slender,  revolute  under  the  ovoid- 
g-lobular  limb.  Torus  small,  oblique.  Gland  scarcely  prominent. 
Ovary  shortly  stipitate ;  style  not  long-,  with  an  erect  stigmatic  cone. 
Fruit  above  1  in.  long-  and  nearly  |  in.  broad,  more  or  less  falcate,  with 
an  incurved  conical  beak.  Seed-wing-  narrowly  butunequally  decurrent 
along-  both  sides  of  the  nucleus. 

Qaeensland.     Rockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 


524  civ.  PKOTEACEiE.  [Hukea. 

75.  H.  dactyloides,  Cav.  Atial.  Hist.  Nut.  i.  215,  t.  12;  Ic.  vi.  25, 
t.  535.  A  tall  shrub  with  erect  hranches,  the  young-  shoots  usually 
silky,  the  adult  foliag-e  rarely  retaining-  more  or  less  of  pubescence, 
usually  quite  g-labrous.  Leaves  from  linear-lanceokite  to  oblong-lanceo- 
late,  acute  or  scarcely  obtuse,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  falcate  ob- 
lique  or  straig-ht,  2  to  4  in.  long',  rig-icl,  prominently  triplinerved,  smooth 
between  the  nerves  or  rarely  iu  the  broader  leaves  a  ie^y  irreg-ular  veins 
forming'  almost  1  or  2  additional  longitudinal  nerves.  Flowers  very 
small  and  numerous  in  axillarv  clusters  or  short  racemes,  the  villous 
rhachis  1  to  1|  lines  long-.  Pedicels  silky-hairy,  1  to  l^  lines  long'. 
Perianth  g-labrous,  the  tube  about  1  hne  h)ng",  revohite  under  the 
globular  hmb.  Torus  small,  nearly  straig'ht.  Ghmd  small.  Ovary 
shortly  stipitate  ;  style  short,  with  an  erect  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  f  to 
1  in.  long',  I  to  |  in.  thick,  smooth  or  shg-htly  rugose,  with  a  very  small 
straig-ht  beak.  8eed-wing-  narrowly  decurrent  along-  the  upper  margin 
only  of  the  nucleus. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  186,  Prod.  385  ; 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  415  ;  Bot,  Mag-.  t.  3760 ;  Banhsia  dacfi/loides, 
Gffirtn.  Fr.  i.  221,  t.  47  ;  Conchium  dactyloides,  Vent.  Jard.  Mahii.  1. 110  ; 
Sm.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ix.  123 ;  Banksia  oleifolia,  Sahsb.  Prod.  51 ; 
Conchium  ?iervosnjn,  Sm.  in  Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  141  ;  Huhea  ner- 
vosa,  Knig-ht,  Prot.  108 ;  H.  fcrruginca,  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1501  ?  not 
of  Sw. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Moutitains,  B.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  12,  and 
many  others ;  Clarence  river,  Bechler ;  New  England,  C.  Shiart,  some  of  the  latter 
specimens  witli  more  rigid  almost  pungent  narrow  leaves,  approaching  those  of  H.  idi- 
cina,  but  with  silky  pedicels. 

76.  H.  ulicina,  B.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  29.  Yery  near  the  narrow- 
leaved  forms  of  //.  dactijloides,  but  the  leaves  all  linear  acute  and  pun- 
gent-pointed,  4  to  8  in.  long*  in  the  typical  form,  more  spreading*  rather 
broader  and  1  to  2  in.  long*  rn  some  specimens,  ver}-  rarely  2  hnes  wide, 
prominently  1-  to  3-nerved  underneath,  the  nerves  less  conspicuous 
and  sometimes  obsolete  on  the  upper  surface.  Flowers  still  smaller  than 
in  H.  dactyloidcs,  the  pedicels  always  glabrous  as  well  as  the  perianth. 
Fruit  rarely  above  J  in.  long-,  with  a  short  straiglit  beak,  Seed  as  in 
H.  dactyloides. — Meissn.  in  I)C.  Prod.  xiv.  415  ;  H.  angustifolia,  Hor- 
tuh  (Meissn.). 

N.  S.  Wales.     Twofold  Bay,  Baxter,  F.  MmlUr. 

Victoria.  Glenelg  river,  liohertson ;  Grampians,  Miichell,  F.  Mueller ;  Port 
rhillip,  ;\Iount  Sturgeon  and  Mount  Abrupt,  F.  Mueller. 

Tasmania.     Flinders  isiand,  Millic/an. 

Var.  carinata,  F.  Mueil.  Leaves  mostly  1-nerved  underneath,  nerveless  above,  but 
in  some  speciraens  normal  3-nerved  leaves  mixed  with  tlie  others. — B.  carinata,  F. 
Muell. ;  Meissn.  in  LinnaBa  xxvi.  360,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  418. 

S.  Australia.  Mount  Lofty  and  Bugle  Range,  F.  Muellcr ;  near  Adehude,  Wldt- 
taker,  Blandoivski;  Encounter  Bay,  Whittaker  ;  TatJiara  country,  Woods. 

77.  H.  falcata,  It  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  29.  A  tall  shrub,  closely  and  mi- 
nutely  tomentose,  bccoming  at  length  glabrous.  Leaves  lanceohite  or 
almost  Hnear,  acute  or  with  a  callous  point,  straight  or  somewhat  fal- 


Halim.]  civ.  PROTEACE^.  525 

cate,  contracted  into  a  very  short  petiole,  1\  to  2^  in.  long-,  more  or 
less  proniinently  triplinerved.  Flowers  small  and  numerous  in  axillary 
clusters.  Pedicels  glabrous,  about  1  line  long*.  Perianth  g-labrous, 
slender,  nearl}'  2  lines  h)ng-,  revolute  under  the  globuhir  limb.  Torus 
small,  obHque.  Cihmd  rather  thick.  Ovary  sessile  on  the  upper  margin 
of  the  torus  ;  style  not  very  long-,\vith  a  narrow  stig'matic  cone.  Friiit 
from  under  |  to  nearly  1  in.  long"  and  about  |  in.  broad,  with  a  small 
more  or  less  incurved  beak.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  along*  both  marg-ins 
round  the  base  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  572  (partly), 
ii.  202,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  414. 

■^V.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  to  tlie  eastward,  Baxter,  Drummond, 
2nd  coll.  n.  333,  cmd  {5th  coll.  f)  s^ippl.  n.  15,  16.  The  leafveins  are  sometimes  as 
promiiient  as  in  H.  ducti/loides,  from  wliicli  H.falcata  is  then  only  fo  be  distinguished 
bj'  the  flowers  not  quite  so  smail  ;ind  by  the  seed-w-ing  decuirent  all  round  the  nucleus. 
Soiuetimes  even  on  the  same  specimeu  tiie  leaves  are  thicker  and  the  veius  obscure 
almost  as  in  H.  incrassata.     The  fruit  varies  much  in  size. 

78.  H.  pycnoneura,  iJ/m5??,.  in  Hook.  Kew  Joiirn.  vii.  \\1 .,  (md  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  414.  A  strag-gling-  shrub  of  several  ft.,  tlie  branches  and 
foliag-e  minutely  silvery-silky.  Leaves  linear,  obtuse  or  with  a  callous 
point,  tapering"  at  the  base  but  scarcely  petiolate,  4  to  8  in.  long',  very 
thick  and  rig-id,  usually  flexuose,  the  margins  and  midrib  prominent 
and  sometimes  1  or  2  additional  short  long-itudinal  veins.  Flowers 
purple,  in  short  very  dense  axillary  racemes,  the  thick  ovoid  villous 
rhachis  3  to  4  lines  long*.  Pedicels  g-labrous,  2  or  3  Hnes  long-.  Pe- 
rianth  g-hibrous,  the  tube  2  lines  long-,  reilexed  under  the  ovoid-oblong- 
Hmb.  Torus  smaH.  Gland  semiannular,  oot  very  prominent.  Ovary 
scarcely  stipitate;  style  short,  with  a  long-  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  usuaUy 
I  in.  long',  about  ^  in.  broad,  ^vith  a  short  straigiit  beak ;  in  some 
specimens  the  whole  fruit  long-er.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  along-  both 
margins  round  the  base  of  the  nucleus. 

\ir.  Australia.     Murchison  river,  Oldjield,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  193. 

Series  5.  Uninerves. — Leaves  narrow  or  small,  flat,  1-nerved  with 
nerve-Hke  margins.     Fruit-valves  without  dorsal  appendag-es. 

79.  H.  stenocarpa,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  29.  A  giabrous  bushy  shrub  of 
several  ft.  Leaves  linear  or  Hnear-lanceolate,  acute  or  with  a  caHous 
point,  contracted  at  the  base  but  scarcely  petiolate,  1|  to  4  in.  long-, 
with  a  prominent  midrib  and  nerve-Hke  margins  as  in  H.  marginata. 
Flowers  very  smaH,  in  axiHary  cHisters,  the  rhachis  very  short  and  vil- 
lous.  Pedicels  g-labrous,  not  1  Hne  long-.  Perianth  giabrous,  scarcely 
1|  Hnes  long-,  revoHite  under  the  Hmb.  Torus  and  giand  small.  Ovary 
aHnost  sessile ;  style  not  long-,  with  a  straigiit  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  1 
to  l^  in.  long-,  2  to  3  Hnes  broad  at  the  base,  tapering-  into  a  long^ 
sHghtly  incurved  beak.  Seed-wing-  narrowly  decurrent  along-  both 
margins  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  575,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  417;  Hook.  Ic.  Pl.  t.  444. 

VT.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.,  Preiss,  n.  574. 


526  ciY.  PROTEACEJE.  [Hakea. 

80.  H.  marginata,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  185,  Prod.  385.  A 
bushy  slirul),  attaininu-  6  to  8  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  minutely  silky- 
pubescent,  the  adult  foliag-e  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
acute,  pungent-pointed,  "shortly  contracted  at  the  base  but  scarcely 
petiohite,  f  to  IJ  in.  long-,  rather  thick  and  rig-id,  with  the  niidrib  and 
nerve-Hke  margins  prominent  on  both  sidcs,  otherwise  veinless.  Flowers 
small,  in  axiUary  clusters.  Pedicels  glabrous,  scarcely  1  line  long. 
Perianth  ghibrous,  the  tube  nearly  2  lines  long-,  revohite  under  the 
ovoid  Hmb.  Torus  oblic|ue.  Gland  rather  large,  ahiiost  stipitate.  Ovary 
very  shortly  stipitate  on  the  upper  margin  of  the  torus  ;  style  not  long-, 
with  a  straig-ht  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit  about  |  in.  long-,  3  to  4  lines 
broad,  with  a  rather  long-  straig-ht  beak.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  along-  the 
upper  margin  onlv  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  575,  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.^418. 

\jr.  Australia.  Liicky  Bay,  B.  Brotnt,  Baxter;  Hotbam  river,  Oldfdd;  le- 
tween  King  George's.  Souud  and  Swau  river,  Harvey,  Drummuiid,  Ist  coll.  n.  60-4. 

81.  H.  myrtoides,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  577,  «wrf  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  418.  A  spreading-  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  the  branches  rather  loosely 
villous  at  length  glabrous.  Leaves  sessile,  ovate,  usually  broad,  mu- 
cronate  with  a  rigid  or  pung-ent  point,  ^  to  f  in.  long-,  rather  shining-, 
Avith  a  prominent  midrib  and  nerve-like  marg-ins,  faintly  penniveined 
and  reticulate.  Flowers  ^'  pink,"  in  axillary  clusters,  the  rhachis  very 
short  and  villous,  Pedicels  glabrous,  2  to  3  lines  long-.  Perianth  gla- 
brous,  the  tube  about  2  Hnes  long-,  reflexed  under  the  g-lobular  limb. 
Torus  nearly  straight.  Ghind  broad.  Ovary  almost  sessile  ;  style  long-, 
with  a  long-  narrow  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit  scarcely  h  in.  long,  about  \ 
in.  broad,  with  a  rather  long-  incurved  beak.  Seed-wing*  broadly  de- 
current  along-  both  margins  round  tbe  base  of  the  nucleus. — Bot.  Mag*. 
t.  4643,  copied  into  Lem.  FL  Jard.  t.  272. 

^V.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drummond,  n.  96,  Is^  coll.  n.  608,  Preiss, 
n.  534,  Oldjield. 

82.  H.  COStata,  3Icissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  575,  ujid  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
418,  An  erect  shridj  attaining-  3  or  4  ft.,  the  branches  loosely  tomen- 
tose  or  villous.  Leaves  crowded,  those  of  the  flowering-  branches  linear, 
pungent-pointed,  rigid,  under  \  in.  long-,  with  thickened  margins  and  a 
very  prominent  keel  or  midrib,  the  lower  ones  sometimes  oblong-,  flat, 
2  hnes  broad  and  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  1-nerved  but  otherwise 
veinless.  Flowers  small,  in  n\imerous  axinary  chisters.  Pedicels  gla- 
brous,  under  1  hne  long-.  Perianth  white,  g'hibrous,  the  tube  about  \\ 
lines  long-,  reflexed  under  the  g-lobular  Hmb,  Torus  smaH,  Ghmd  very 
small,  Ovary  sessile  or  nearly  so  ;  style  long  and  slender,  with  a  long' 
narrow  stigmatic  cone,  Fruit  uncler  \  in,  long',  3  or  4  Hnes  broad, 
shortly  beaked.  Seed-wing-  broadly  clecurrent  along-  both  margins  of 
the  nuch>us. 

■W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  17,  and  2nd  coll.  v.  332  ;  Quangcn  plains,  Preiss, 
n.  532,  533  {Meissn.) ;  near  Yatheroo  and  Toodyay,  Oldfield. 


IIakea.\  civ.   proteace^.  527 

Series  6.  ExERVES. — Leaves  inostlv  flat,  obscurely  penniveined, 
the  midrib  not  prominent,  entire  prickly-toothed  or  lobed.  Fruit-valves 
with  dorsal  horns  or  protuberances. 

83.  H.  oleifolia,  IL  Br.  in  Tram.  Liiin.  Soc.  x.  185,  Prod.  385.  A 
tall  shrub  or  sm;ill  tree  of  15  to  20  ft.,  the  branL'hes  and  young-  shoots 
ferrug-inous  or  silky-tomentose,  the  adidt  foliaye  g-labrous  or  nearly  so. 
Leaves  oblong'-lanceolate  or  cuneate-oblong-,  rounded  at  the  end,  with 
a  fine  minute  point,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole,  1  to  above  2  in. 
long",  rather  thick,  pale  coloured,  penniveined  but  the  midrib  usually 
scarcely  prominent  and  the  veins  immersed  or  inconspicuous.  Flowers 
in  dense  axillary  clusters  or  racemes,  the  villous  rhachis  1  to  2  lines 
long.  Pedicels  g-labrous,  about  3  lines  long\  Perianth  g-labrous,  the 
tube  not  2  lines  long-,  reilexed  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  small, 
oblique.  Gland  prominent  but  small.  Uvary  very  shortly  stipicate  ; 
style  not  very  long',  with  an  erect  stig'matic  cone.  Fruit  f  to  1  in.  long-, 
i  to  I  in.  broad,  rug-ose,  scarcely  beaked,  the  valves  with  dorsal  conical 
horns  near  the  end,  sometimes  wanting-on  one  valve.  Seed-wing-  shortly 
decurrent  aloug*  the  upper  margin  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
i.  571,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  410;  ConcMum  olcifoUum,  Sm.  in  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.  ix.  124  ;   Hakea  llfiustrina,  Knig-ht,  Prot.  108. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  B.  Broiim,  Brum- 
mond,  n.  14,  and  bth  coU.  n.  410,  Preiss,  n.  554,  Oldfitld,  Maxwdl,  F.  Muelltr. 

81.  H.  florida,  R.  Br.  in  Traiis.  Limi.  Suc.  x.  183,  Prod.  384.  An  erect 
rig-id  shrub,  attaining-  5  or  6  ft.,  the  branches  and  young-  leaves  pubes- 
cent  or  villous,  the  adult  foliag-e  glabrous.  Leaves  sessile  or  nearly 
so,  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  very  acute  and  pung-ent-pointed, 
bordered  by  a  few  prickh^  teeth  or  small  lobes,  one  pair  usually  close  to 
the  cuneate  base,  1  to  l^  or  rarely  2  in.  long-,  thick  and  veinless  above, 
the  midrib  alone  prominent  underneath.  Flowers  very  small,  in  axillary 
clusters,  the  villous  rhachis  very  short.  Pedicels  glabrous,  about  2 
lines  long'.  Perianth  g'labrous,  the  tube  slender,  scarcely  1|  lines  long-, 
revolute  under  the  g-lobular  limb.  Torus  small.  Gland  prominent, 
truncate.  Ovary  stipitate  ;  style  not  very  long-,  with  a  nearly  straiglit 
rather  broad  stig-matic  cone.  Fruitabove  1  in.  long",  nearly  |  in.  thick, 
scarcely  beaked,  the  valves  with  very  short  dorsal  protuberances  near 
the  end. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  502,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  405 ;  Bot. 
Mag-.  t.  2579. 

■W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  B.  Brown,  Prtiss,  n.  584,  Oldfield ;  Cham- 
pion  Bav,  Bower ;  Tulbiiiup  ranges,  Maxwell.  — The  leaves  are  sometimes  like  those  of 
y/.  Hiuaris,  but  the  species  is  at  once  distinguished  by  the  pubescent  brauches  and 
rhachis  and  by  the  stigmatic  cone. 

85.  H.  varia,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  183,  Prod.  383.  A 
bushy  or  scrubby  shrub,  erect  and  6  to  8  ft.  hig-h  or  sometimes  spread- 
in"'  and  diffuse,  the  brauches  tomentose  and  hirsute  with  spreading- 
hairs  or  nearly  glabrous.  Leaves  silky  when  young-,  glabrous  when 
fuU  grown,  lanceolate  linear-oblong'  or  cuneate,  with  2  or  Ji  short 
prickly   lobes   at   the  end    or   sinuate   and   prickly-toothed  to    below 


528  CIV.    PROTEACE^.  [Ilukca. 

the  middle,  or  pinnatifid  with  few  narrow  or  broad  prickly-pointed 
lobes,  rarely  quite  entire  and  linear,  from  under  1  in.  long-  in 
some  spccimens  to  near  2  in.  in  others,  thick  and  obscurely  penni- 
veined  or  veinless,  always  tapering*  at  the  base.  Flowers  small,  in 
cbisters  terminating-  short  leafy  branches  or  sessile  in  the  upper  axils, 
the  villous  rhachis  rarely  1  line  long-.  Pedicels  g-labrous,  about  2  lines 
long-  or  somethnes  long-er.  Perianth  g-labrous,  not  2  lines  long-,  re- 
curved  imder  the  g-lobuhir  limb.  Torus  smalL  Ovary  shortly  stipitate ; 
style  not  long-,  with  a  straig'ht  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  f  in.  long-,  ^  in. 
broad,  the  valves  wath  dorsal  horns  near  the  end.  Seed-wing-  narrowly 
decurrent  along-  the  upper  marg-in  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  561,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  405 ;  II.  attemtata  and  H.  ilicifolia, 
R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  183,  184;  Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  L  563 
and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  406  ;  H.  tuberculata,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  28 ; 
Meissn.  IL  cc.  561  and  405;  H.  lasiocarpha,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  27 ; 
Meissn.  IL  cc.  561  and  403  (as  to  Baxter's  and  Drummond's  specimens)  ; 
H.  hctcrophylla  and  H.  intermcdia,  Hook.  Ic.  PL  t.  43?,  445. 

■VIT.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  Lucky  Bay,  R.  Broion  ;  eastward  to 
Cape  Paisley,  Maxwtll ;  fVom  the  same  districts  and  towards  Swan  river,  Drumvwnd, 
n.  173,  197,  Ist  cJl.  n.  615,  617,  Ath  coll.  n.  299,  Freiss,  n.  693,  600,  Oldfield,  F. 
AlueUer. 

The  several  supposed  species  here  nnited  are  distinguished  chiefly  by  the  foliage 
which  is  truly  protean,  and  specimens  might  he  selected  to  represent  several  types  so 
marked  in  their  aspect  that  1  sliouhl  liave  retained  them  as  distinct  species  were  it  not 
that  other  specimens  occur  combining  the  different  forms  of  leaves  on  one  stem,  if  not 
on  the  same  branch.  H.  ilicifolia  has  generally  rather  large  and  broadly  pinnately- 
toothed  leaves,  only  shortly  narrowed  at  the  base  ;  II.  attenvata  has  them  broad  and 
toothed  or  shortly  lobed  at  the  end,  tapering  into  a  long  narrow  base  ;  H.  varia  proper 
rather  long  leaves  from  linear  almost  terete  and  entire  to  deeply  pinnatitid ;  H.  tuber- 
culata,  small,  usually  crowded  leaves,  cuneate  or  linear,  and  toothed,  pinnatifid,  serrate 
or  entire,  in  a  few  specimens  scarcely  exceeding  |  in.  ;  all  these  forms  apparently  dis- 
linct  in  luxuriant  sjiecimens,  but  variously  mixed  in  stunted  scrubby  ones.  The  fruit 
is  frequently  tuberculate  or  muricate  but  sonietimes  smooth  in  H.  tuhercidata,  smooth 
or  rarely  muricate  in  H.  varia  proper.  H.  JasiocarpJia,  Br.,  is  founded  on  a  stuntcd  spe- 
cimen,  iittle  more  than  a  fragment,  with  deeply-divided  nan'ow  leaves,  and  the  scaly 
buds  hu'ger  than  usual,  but  showing  no  other  difterence. 

Series  7.  Teretifolia. — Leaves  linear-terete,  entire,  rarely  a  few 
of  the  lower  ones  flat.     Fruit-valves  without  any  dorsal  appendag-es. 

86.  H.  sulcata,  F.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  180,  Frod.  382,  Prot. 
Nov.  27.  An  erect  shrub  attaining-  5  or  6  ft.,  but  often  low,  the  young- 
shoots  silky,  the  adult  foliag-e  gdabrous.  Leaves  linear-terete,  ang-ular 
and  fiirrowed,  rigid,  mucronate,  sometimes  pung-ent-pointed,  from 
under  2  in.  to  above  4  in.  long",  in  the  typical  form.  Flowers  small,  in 
dense  axillary  clusters,  the  small  rhachis  densely  villous.  Pedicels 
g-hibrous,  ^  to  1  line  long-.  Perianth  g-labrous,  varying-  from  li  to  3 
lines,  the  tube  slender,  reflexed  imder  the  rather  larg-e  limb.  Torus 
and  g-land  smalL  Ovary  sessile  ;  style  rather  long-,  with  a  long-  stig-- 
matic^cone.  Fruit  ovoid,  about-  ^  in.  long-  or  rather  long-er,  with  a 
short  narrow-conical  straig-ht  beak.     Seed-wing-   decurrent  alons'  the 


JHakea.]  civ.  pnoTEACEiE.  529 

upper  margin  of  the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  556  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  -.m. 

W.  Australia.  Lucky  B.iy,  R.  Brnwn  ;  Swan  river,  Drammond,  \stcoll.  n.  599, 
Freiss,  n.  GU8;  Hill  liver,  Oldjidd;  lowanls  King  George's  Soiiiul,  Brummond,  5th 
coll.  ».41). 

Var.  scoparia.  Branches  aml  bml  scales  more  pubescent.  Leaves  mnstly  longer, 
sometimes  8  in.,  iess  poiuted,  but  occasionally  sliort  ou  some  branches.  Periantli  some- 
times  larger  someliuies  ratiier  smaller  than  the  average  typical  size. — //.  scnparia, 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  55(5,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  399  ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  4644,  copied  into 
Lem.  Pl.  Jard.  t.  376. — Swan  river,  Drummond,  Istcoll.  n.  600. 

Var.  Gilbertii.  Leaves  short,  slender,  with  rather  long  pungent  points.  Fniit 
rather  smaller. — H.  Gilbirtii,  Kipp.  in  Hooli.  Kew  Jouru.  vii.  115  ;  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  3'jy. — Swan  river,  Gilbert. 

87.  H.  Meissneriana,  Xipp.  in  Ilook.  Kcw  Joum.  vii.  114.  A  tall 
erect  shrub,  the  young-  shoots  silky,  the  adult  tbliaye  glabrous.  Leaves 
linear-terete,  rigid,  obscurely  or  more  distinctly  ang-ular  and  striate, 
obtuse  or  mucronate,  mostly  2  to  4  in.  long-.  Flowers  small,  in  dense 
axiUary  racemes  qr  chisters,  the  villous  rhachis  2  to  4  lines  long-. 
Pedicels  gdabrous,  scarcely  |  line  long-.  Perianth  giabrous,  the  tube 
about  1|  lines  long-,  revokite  under  the  giobukir  hmb.  Torus  obhque. 
Ghmd  small.  Ovary  contracted  into  a  very  short  stipes;  style  not 
long",  -with  a  nearly  straigiit  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  ovoid,  somewhat 
incurved,  about  |  in.  long-,  smooth  or  nearly  so,  with  a  short  conical 
beak.  Seed-wing-  narrowly  decurrent  on  both  margins  of  the  nucleus. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  399. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  drdcoll.  n.  272,  bth  coll.  suppl.  n.  16,  ^th  coll.  n.  191. 

88  ^.  H.  subsulcata,  Jleissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  555,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  398.  A  shrub  of  0  or  7  ft.,  the  young-  shoots  silky-pubescent,  the 
adult  foliag-e  usually  giabrous.  Leaves  terete,  mucronate,  iinely  striate, 
2  to  4  in.  long-.  Flowers  not  seen.  Fruit  densely  chistered,  ovoid, 
erect,  smooth,  ^  to  f  in.  long-,  3  or  4  hnes  broad,  tapering-  into  a  conical 
erect  beak,  Seed-wing-  decurrent  along-  the  upper  marg in  of  the  nucleus 
but  scarcely  reaching-  the  base. 

TV.  Australia,   Drummond,  bth  coll  suppl.  n.  15,  Preiss,  n.  607. 

89.  H.  Lehmanniana,  Meissn.  inPL  Preiss.  i.  657,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  398.  A  bushy  shrub  attaining'  from  2  to  4  ft.,  giabrous  or  the 
branches  minutely  pubescent.  Leaves  hnear-terete  3-angied  or  chan- 
nelled  above,  not  attenuate  at  the  base,  rigid,  mucronuhite,  from  under 
1  in.  to  uearly  3  in.  long-.  Flowers  in  very  dense  axilhiry  clusters,  the 
villous  rhachis  very  short.  Pedicels  giabrous,  about  2  Hnes  long-. 
Perianth  giabrous,  the  tube  scarcely  2  Hnes  long-,  revohite  under  the 
limb.  Torus  rather  obhque.  Gland  hirg-e,  semiannular.  Ovary 
shortly  stipitate ;  style  long-,  with  a  rather  long-  straig-ht  stig-matic 
cone.  Fruit  about  1  in.  long-  and  above  h  in.  broad,  more  or  less 
muricate  with  fring-ed  tubercles  or  branching-  prickles,  the  small  conical 
beak  rather  obhque.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  down  both  margins  to  the 
base  of  the  nucleus. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  3rd  coll.  n  273;  Gordon  rivcr,  Freiss,  n.  604;  be- 
VOL.   V.  M   M 


630  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [Hakea. 

tween  Swan  river  and  King  George's  Sound,  Harvey ;  Salt,  Gordon,  Franklin,  and 
Tone  rivers,  Maxivell. 

90.  H.  flexilis,  F.  Mnell.  in  Linn(eaxx\i.  359,  7iot  qf  B.  Br.  A  tall 
shrub  or  small  tree  of  about  20  ft.,  tlie  brancbes  and  foliag-e  quite 
g-labrous.  Leaves  linear-terete,  very  spreading,  mostly  angular  or 
slig-btly  compressed,  acute  and  sometimes  pung-ent-pointed,  not  attenuate 
at  tbe  base,  mostly  li  to  3  in.  long.  Flowers  small,  in  axillary  clusters, 
tbe  birsute  rbacbis  very  sbort.  Pedicels  g-bibrous,  J-  to  1  line  long-. 
Periantb  g-labrous,  tbe  tube  scarcely  2  lines  long-,  revohite  under  tbe 
g-lobubar  Hmb.  Ovary  nearly  sessile ;  st\\e  not  long-,  witb  a  straigbt 
stigmatic  cone.  Fruit  ^^  to  |  in.  long,  4  or  5  lines  broad,  smootb  or 
irregularly  rugose,  witb  a  sbort  conical  straigbt  or  sligbtly  inllexed 
beak.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  along  tbe  upper  margin  and  sometimes 
partially  also  along  tbe  lower  margin  of  tbe  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  390  (^H.^ficxihiUs  by  a  misprint)  under  H.Jicxilhy  Br. 

Victoria.     N.W.  districts  ofthe  Colony,  L.  Morton. 

S.  Australia.  Murray  Desert  and  Lake  Hindmarsli,  F.  3IueUer  ;  near  Adelaide, 
Herh.  Hooker;  Kangaroo  island,  F.  Mueller,  WaterJiouse. 

Sect.  4.  Manglesioides. — Racemes  sbort  or  reduced  to  sessile 
clusters,  enclosed  before  tbeir  development  in  an  involucre  or  bud  of 
imbricate  scales.  Periantb  glabrous,  slender,  straigbt,  tbe  limb  erect 
in  tbe  bud.     Stigmatic  cone  erect. 

The  flowers  in  this  section  are  qnite  those  of  tl.ve  section  Manglesia  of  GreviUea,  ex- 
cept  that  the  style  is  filiform. 

91.  H.  nitida,  i?.  Br.  in  Trnns.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  184,  Prod.  384.  A 
dense  sbrub  of  6  to  8  ft.,  tbe  brancbes  and  foliage  quite  glabrous. 
Leaves  obovate  oblong  or  rarely  lanceolate,  sometimes  quite  entire  and 
obtuse  witb  a  small  pungent  point,  sometimes  acute  pungent-pointed 
and  irregularly  bordered  by  a  few  prickly  teetb  or  lobes,  tapering  at 
tbe  base  but  scarcely  petiolate,  IJ  to  3  or  even  4  in.  long,  tbick  and 
veinless  or  obscurely  and  very  obliquely  penniveined.  Flowers  small 
and  numerous  in  axillary  racemes,  tbe  rbncbis  rigid,  tomentose,  h  to  ^ 
in.  long.  Pedicels  glabrous,  tiliforiu.  2  to  3  lines  long.  Penanth 
glabrous,  straigbt,  tbe  tube  about  l^  lines  long,  tbe  limb  globular, 
erect  in  tbe  bud.  Torus  small.  Gland  small  but  prominent.  Ovary 
nearly  sessile ;  style  sbort  ■vvitb  an  erect  broad  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit 
1  in.  long  or  ratber  more,  f  in.  broad,  scarcely  beaked,  witb  a  conical 
born  near  tbe  end  of  one  or  botb  tbe  valves.  Seed-wing  decurrent 
along  tbe  upper  margin  of  tbe  nucleus  and  sometimes  narrowly  so  along 
tbe  lower  margin. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  40G ;  Bot.  Mag.  t.  2246 ; 
H.  pi/cnohotrys,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  72. 

IV.  Australia.  Lucky  Bay,  B.  Brown;  prohably  from  the  same  district,  Drum- 
viond,  Ath  coll.  11.  298  ;  S.W.  Bay,  Oldfield;  Gardner  and  Phillips  rivers,  E.  Mount 
Barren,  Esperance  Bay,  Maxwell, 

92.  H.  Oldfieldii,  Bcnth.  Glabrous  in  all  its  parts.  Leaves  terete, 
smootb,  pungont-pointed,  f  to  near  2  in.  long,  all  undivided.  Flowers 
small,  in  axillary  racemes  or  clusters,  tbe  rhachis  1  to  2  lines  long-, 


Hakca.]  CIV,    PROTEACE^.  531 

quite  g-labrous  as  well  as  tlie  flowers.  Pedicels  filiform,  at  first  short, 
3  or  4  lines  long-  when  the  flowers  are  fully  out.  Perianth  slender, 
straig-ht,  scarcely  2  lines  long",  with  a  o-lobuhir  linib.  Torus  small. 
Gland  prominent,  obovate.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate ;  style  not  long, 
with  an  erect  stig^matic  cone.     Fruit  not  seen. 

W.  Australia.     Champion  Bay,  Oldjield  ;  in  the  interior,  J.  S.  Roe. 

93.  H.  suaveolens,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  182,  Prod.  383. 
An  erect  shrub  of  5  or  G  ft.,  the  young  shoots  silky-pubescent,  the 
adult  foliag-e  ghibrous.  Leaves  terete,  erect,  a  few  of  them  undivided 
g-rooved  above  and  3  or  4  in.  long-,  but  mostly  pinnate  with  few  or 
many  erect  seg-ments  of  1  or  2  in.,  all  rig-id  and  pung-ent-pointed. 
Flowers  small,  in  dense  racemes  in  the  upper  axils,  the  rigid  pubescent 
rhachis  i  to  |  in.  long'.  Pedicels  glabrous,  2  or  3  Hnes  long-.  Peri- 
anth  giabrous,  straig-ht ;  the  tube  about  Ih  lines  long-,  the  limb 
giobuhir,  erect.  Torus  smalL  Gland  small  but  prominent.  Ovary 
shortly  stipitate  ;  style  short,  with  an  erect  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit  f  to 
1  in.  long-,  h  to  |  in.  thick,  smooth  and  almost  shining-  but  marked 
with  warts,  with  a  very  small  incurved  ahnost  lateral  beak,  the  valves 
with  very  small  dorsal  protuberances  near  the  end.  Seed-wing-  decur- 
rent  on  the  outer  side  only. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  558,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  403;   H.  pectinata,  Colla,  Hort.  Eip.  App.  2.  320,  t.  11. 

W.  Australia.  Middle  Island,  R.  Broion;  King  George's  Sonnd  or  adjoining 
districts,  LahiUardiere  {3Ieiss7i.),  A.  Cunningham,  Drummond,  n.  93,  Preiss,  n.  605, 
Collie,  Oldjield,  F.  Mucllcr ;  eastward  to  Eyre's  range,  Cape  Le  Grand  and  Cape  Arid, 
Maxwell. 

Conchium  drupaceum,  Gfertn.  f.  Fr.  iii.  217,  t.  219  [Hdkea  drupacea,  Koem.  and 
Schult.  Sjst.  iii.  426),  which  Gsertncr  had  from  Labillardiere,  is  probablj  this  species. 

94.  H.  lissocarpha,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  27.  A  densely  branched 
rigid  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  the  branches  and  young-  shoots  more  or  less 
tomentose  or  hirsute,  the  fohage  minutely  scabrous-punctate  after  the 
hairs  have  worn  off  or  rarely  giabrous  and  smooth.  .  Leaves  pinnately 
divided  into  3  to  7  terete  rigid  pung-ent-pointed  segments,  all  entire  or 
some  of  them  forked,  sometimes  very  short  and  thick,  sometimes 
long-er  and  slender,  the  rhachis  often  somewhat  flattened  and  g-rooved 
above,  the  whole  leaf  1  to  li-  in.  long.  Flowers  small,  in  dense  almost 
sessile  axillary  clusters,  the"thick  villous  rhachis  1  to  1|  lines  long. 
Pedicels  giabrous,  about  3  hnes  long-.  Perianth  giabrous,  scarcely  1| 
lines  long-,  straigiit,  the  giobular  limb  erect  in  the  bud.  Torus  smalL 
Gland  semiannular.  Ovary  shortly  stipitate ;  style  short,  with  an 
erect  stig-matic  cone.  Fruit"|  to  f  in.  long-,  3  to  4  hnes  broad,  scarcely 
beaked,  with  small  dorsal  protuberances  near  the  end  of  the  valves, 
sometimes  obsolete.  Seed-wing-  decurrent  along-  the  upper  margin  of 
the  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  559,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  403 ; 
H.  intricata,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Xov.  27 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  404 ;  H. 
petrophiloidcs,  HortuL  (Meissn.) 

W.  Australia.     Swan  rivur,  Fraser  ;  S.  coast,  Baxtcr ;  froni  Swan  river  to  King 

M  M  2 


532  CIV,    PROTEACEiE.  [llalica. 

George'8  Sound  and  Cnpe  Eicbe,  Drummond,  n.  106,  172,  \st  coll.  n.  602,  Ath  coll.  n. 
292,  Preiss,  n.  598,  Harvey  ;  StirHng  raiige,  Oldjitld,  Maxwell. 

The  leaves  whcn  nut  mucli  diviJeJ  resenible  tliose  of  some  forms  of  H.  varia,  ihe 
flowers  are  very  diflerent. 

95.  H.  bipinnatifida,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  28.  A  bushy  slirub  of 
2  or  3  ft.,  tbe  brancbes  and  fobag-e  g-labrous.  Leaves  terete,  once  or 
twice  ternateh'  divided  or  pinnate  witb  tbe  lower  seg-ments  forked  or 
trifid,  tbe  seg-ments  all  slender,  usually  divaricate,  niucronate-acute,  ^ 
to  I  in.  long',  sniootb  or  sing-ly  grooved,  tbe  wbole  leaf  under  2  in. 
long'.  Flowers  small,  in  sbort  dense  abnost  sessile  racemes,  axilbiry  or 
terminating-  sbort  leafy  brancbes,  tbe  viHous  rbacbis  5  to  |  in.  long-. 
Pedicels  g-labrous,  1  to  3  Hnes  long-.  Periantb  g-bibrous,  scarcely  H 
lines  long',  straigbt,  tbe  limb  erect  in  tbe  bud.  Torus  straig-bt. 
Gland  prominent,  semiannular.  Ovary  sbortly  stipitate  ;  style  sbort, 
witb  an  erect  stigmatic  cone.  Fruit  nearly  1  in.  long*,  3  to  4  lines 
broad,  smootb,  tapering-  at  botb  ends,  tbe  valves  witb  a  prominent 
dorsal  born  near  tbe  end.  Seed-win^  decurrent  along-  tbe  upper 
maro-in  of  tbe  nucleus. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  560,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  403. 

^V.  Australia.  W.  coast,  £audin's  E.rpedition;  Swan  viver,  Eraser,  Drummond, 
n.  17,  22,  104,  Freiss,  Oldfield. 

22.  BUCKINGHAMIA,  F.  Muell. 

Flowers  bermapbrodite.  Periantb  irregular,  tbe  tube  slender,  revo- 
lute  under  tbe  g-lobubir  limb.  Antbers  all  perfect,  sessile  in  tbe  base 
of  tbe  concave  laminte,  tbe  connective  not  produced  be^-ond  tbe  cells. 
Hypog-ynous  glands  united  in  a  singde  semiannubar  truucate  and  crenu- 
late  g-fand.  Ovary  sbortly  stipitate,  witb  4  collateral  ampbitropous 
ovules  attacbed  about  tbe  middle ;  style  fibform,  witb  an  obbque 
almost  lateral  disk  at  tbe  end,  witb  tbe  small  stig-ma  in  its  centre. 
Fruit  a  compressed  folbcle,  opening-  along-  tbe  upper  suture.  Seeds 
very  flat  and  tliin,  surrounded  by  a  liurrow  wing--bke  margin. — Tree. 
Leaves  undivided,  penniveined.  Fluwers  small,  pedicelbite  in  pairs  m 
terminal  racemes.     Bracts  none  or  very  deciduous. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  a  single  species  endemic  in  tropical  Australia  and  closely 
aliied  to  the  Grevillece  of  the  section  Cycloptera,  dififering  only  iii  the  number  of  ovulea 
and  Bceds. 

1.  B.  celsissima,  F.  Mndl.  Fragm.  vi.  248.  A  tree  attaining  00  ft. 
or  more,  tbe  young*  brancbes  and  inHorescence  minutel}'  boarv- 
tomentose.  Leaves  petiobite,  elbptical-oblong",  acute  or  obtuse,  taper- 
ing-  at  tbe  base,  3  to  5  in.  long-,  dark  g-reen  and  apparently  g-labrous 
above  but  sprinkled  witb  minute  bairs  only  visible  under  a  lens, 
glaucous  or  almost  silvery  imderneatb,  covered  witb  tbe  same  g-re- 
vilboid  bairs.  Kacemes  4  to  8  in.  long-,  somewluit  secund,  tbe  llowers 
crowded  nearly  from  tbe  base.  Pedicels  slender,  about  \  in.  long-. 
Periantb  silvery,  3  to  4  bnes  long-.    Antbers  broad,  witb  a  tbick  ratbor 


Buckhuihamia.]  civ.    PilOTEACEiE.  533 

broud  connective.  Ovary  g-labrous.  Follicle  broadly  and  obliquely 
ovate,  about  1  in.  long-,  with  a  short  incurved  point.  Seed  broadly 
obovate. 

Queensland.     Eockingham  Bay,  DallacTiij. 

23.  DARLINGIA,  F.  Muell. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  regular,  the  tube  slender,  straig-ht, 
the  limb  g-lobular,  erect.  Anthers  all  perfect,  sessile  in  the  base  of  the 
concave  himin;v,  the  connective  produced  beyond  the  cell  into  a  minute 
g"land-Hke  appendag"e.  Hypogynous  g-hmds  4,  g-lobuhir,  Ovary  ses- 
sile,  with  4  collateral  ampliitropous  ovules  attached  about  the  middle  ; 
style  fiUform,  with  an  ovoid-fusiform  end  and  a  small  terminal  stigma. 
Fruit  a  compressed  follicle,  opening-  along-  the  upper  suture.  Seeds 
very  llat  and  tliin,  surrounded  by  a  wing"-Hke  margin. — Tree.  Leaves 
entire  or  pinnatifid,  penniveined.  Flowers  sessile  in  pairs  in  terminal 
panicuhite  racemes.     Bracts  none  or  minute  and  deciduous. 

The  genus  is  limited  to  a  single  species  endemic  in  tropical  Australia.  Like  Bucking- 
hamia  it  is  clostly  allied  to  Grevillea,  diflering  in  the  number  of  ovules  and  seeds,  and 
distinguished  from  Buckivghamia,  like"  the  sections  Anadenia  and  3Ianglesia  from 
Eugrevillea,  chiefly  in  the  straight  perianth.  The  sessile  flowers  and  minute  appen- 
dages  to  the  anthers  remove  it  also  in  a  slight  degree  froui  hoth  genera. 

1.  D.  spectatissima,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  162.  A  tree,  quite 
glabrous  or  the  infiorescence  minutely  ferruginous-pubescent.  Leaves 
oblong-  or  obhmceohite,  obtuse  or  acute,  entire  or  deeply  3-lobed  or 
pinnatifid  with  5  to  7  long  hmceolate  acute  lobes,  tapering-  into  a 
rather  long*  petiole,  the  whole  leaf  8  or  9  in.  to  1|-  ft.  long,  penni- 
veined  with  ratlier  numerous  ahnost  parallel  primary  veins.  Racemes 
in  the  upper  axils  4  to  8  in.  long,  forming'  a  terminal  panicle  shorter 
than  the  leaves,  with  numerous  llowers,  Perianth  g-hibrous,  |  in. 
long",  the  tube  slender,  the  laminte  tipped  with  small  dorsal  obtuse 
appendag-es,  distinct  in  the  bud.  Ovary  villous-;  style  long*.  FoUicle 
l^  to  nearly  2  in.  long-,  nearly  1  in.  broad,  recurved.  Seeds  oblong-, 
as  long-  as  the  folHcle. — Helicia  Darliiigiaiia,  F.  MuelL  Fragm.  v.  24; 
Knightia  Darlingii^  F.  MueU.  l.c.  152. 

Queensland.     Kockingham  Bay,  Dallachy. 

Tribe  6.  EMBOTHRiEiE. — Ovulcs  several,  imbricate  in  2  rows. 
Seeds  usuaUy  separated  by  thin  hmiin;e  or  a  mealy  substance,  (possibly 
the  outer  coating-  of  the  seeds  detached  and  united  as  in  Banksia). 

24.  TELOPEA,  R.  Br. 

(Hylogyne,  Salish.) 

Flowers  hermajthrodite.  Perianth  irregudar,  the  tube  open  early  on 
the  under-side,  tai^ering-  and  recurved  under  the  Hmb,  the  huninoe 
obHc|ue,  broad.     Anthers  broad,  sessile  at  the  base  of  the  lamintfi,  the 


634  CIV.    PROTEACE.E.  [Telopei 


connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  H^iTOgTnous  glands  united 
in  a  short  very  oblique  nearly  complete  ring.  Ovaiy  contracted  into  a 
long-  stipes  and  tapering-  into  a  long-  style,  chivate  at  the  end,  with  a 
lateral  stig-ma  ;  ovules  several,  imbricate  upwards  in  2  rows,  latcrally 
attached  near  the  base.  Fruit  a  recurved  coriaceous  fbnicle.  Seeds 
flat,  terminating-  in  a  nearly  straig-ht  or  obHque  membranous  wing\ — 
Tall  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate,  entire  or  toothed.  Flowers  pedicellate 
in  pairs,  in  very  dense  globuhu-  or  ovoid  terminal  racemes,  surrounded 
by  an  invohicre  of  imbricate  coloured  bracts,  the  bracts  within  the 
raceme  small.     Perianths  as  well  as  the  whole  inllorescence  red. 

The  geniis  is  enderaic  in  Anstralia.  It  is  allied  in  many  respects  to  Hahea,  dif- 
fering  chiefly  iu  the  number  of  ovules  and  seeds,  and  in  habit. 

Leaves  prominently  veined,  mostly  toothed.     Invulucrc  2  to  3  in. 

long l.   T.  sjieciosissima. 

Leaves  scarcely  veined,  mostiy  entire.     Involucre   umler  1   in. 
long. 

Involucre  glabrous 2.   T.  oreades. 

Involucre  silky-lerrugiuous 3.   T.  truncata. 

1.  T.  speciosissima,  B.  Br.  in  jyans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  198,  Prod.  388. 
A  stout  erect  glabrous  shrub  of  G  to  8  ft.  Leaves  cuneate-oblong'  or 
almost  obovate,  5  to  10  in.  long-,  mostly  toothed  in  the  upper  part, 
tapering-  into  a  rather  long*  petiole,  coriaceous,  penniveined  with  the 
midrib  prominent,  a  few  rarely  C[uite  entire.  Flowers  crimson,  in  a 
dense  ovoid  or  g-lobular  head  or  raceme  of  ahout  3  in.  diameter.  Invo- 
lucral  bracts  coloured,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  inner  ones  2  to  3  in,  h)ng-, 
the  outer  ones  few  and  small,  surrounded  by  a  dense  tuft  of  floral 
leaves  hke  the  stem  ones  but  smaller  and  more  entire.  Bracts  under 
the  pairs  of  flowers  very  short.  Pedicels  thick,  recurved,  ^  to  h  in. 
long-,  Perianth  g-htbrous  nearly  1  in.  long-.  Ovules  12  to  10.  Fruit 
recurved,  3  to  4  in.  long-.  Seeds  10  to  20,  the  nucleus  broad,  obHquely 
quadrate,  the  wing-  obHquely  truncate,  ^  to  above  h  in.  long-. — Meissn, 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  446 ;  Emhuthrium  spcciosissimnm,  Sm.  Specim,  Bot, 
Nov,  Holl.  i.  19,  t.  7  ;  Bot,  Mag-,  t.  1128 ;  E.  .'^patknlatum,  Cav.  Ic,  iv. 
60,  t.  388;  E.  speciosnm,  Sahsb.  Parad.  Loncl.  t.  111;  Ilylogijne  spe- 
ciosa,  Knig'ht,  Prot.  12(3. 

N,  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  E.  Brown,  Sieber,  n.  22,  and 
many  others,  known  by  tlie  name  of  Warratau  or  WarataJi. 

2.  T.  oreades,  F.  Mucll.  Fragm.  ii.  170.  A  shrub  with  tlie  lial)it 
of  T.  speciosissimu,  the  branches  slightly  ferruginous-jnibescent,  the 
foliag-e  glabrous.  Leaves  obovate-oblong-  or  alniost  lanceohite,  acute  or 
obtuse,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  tapering-  into  a  long-  petiole,  entire  or  rarely 
with  a  few  teeth  at  the  end,  usually  g-Iaucous  underneath,  the  veins 
scarcely  conspicuous  excei^t  the  midrib,  Racemes  short  broad  and 
dense  as  in  T.  speciosissima,  but  the  glabrous  involucre  in  one  specimen 
coloured  and  obtuse  with  the  iiiner  bracts  1  in,  long-,  in  the  other  speci- 
mens  all  herbaceous  rig-id  niucronate  and  the  inner  ones  scarcely  \  in. 


Telopea.]  civ.  proteace^.  535 

Ion!>-.     FIowei's  of  T.  speciosissi/na.     Fruit  3  in.  long-,  besides  the  stipes 
and  ]iersistent  style. 

Victoria.     Nangatta  mountains  and  Canus  river,  Gipps'  Land,  JF.  Mueller. 

3.  T.  truncata,  li.  Br.  in  Tmns.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  198,  Prod.  389.  A 
stout  slirub  of  0  to  8  ft.,  the  youn<>-  branches  ferruo-inous-pubescent  or 
villous,  the  fohag"e  g-labrous.  Leaves  mostly  oblong-cuneate,  but  vary- 
ing-  fi'om  oblong-Hnear  to  almost  obovate,  obtuse  or  with  a  sraall  callous 
point,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  2  to  3  or  rarely  4  in.  long,  thick, 
the  veins  often  impressed  above  and  scarcely  conspicuous  underneath, 
the  margins  often  recurved.  Racemes  short  and  dense,  about  2  in. 
diameter.  Invohicral  bracts  ovate,  clothed  with  appressed  hairs,  the 
inner  ones  |  in.  long-,  the  outer  ones  shorter,  more  acuminate  and  some- 
times  with  herbaceous  tips.  Pedicels  glabrous,  about  |  in.  long.  Pe- 
rianth  under  1  in.  long,  the  broad  part  shorter  in  proportion  than  in 
T.  spcciosissiina,  tapering-  into  a  recurved  neck  at  least  as  long.  Fruit 
about  2  in.  long-,  besides  the  persistent  style.  Seeds  about  IG. — Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  446 ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  327 ;  Emhothrium  triin- 
catiim,  Labilh  Ph  Nov.  HolL  i.  32,  t.  44 ;  Hylogyne  australis,  Kmght, 
Prot.  127. 

Tasmania.  Mount  Wellington,  R.  Brown  ;  abundant  in  cool  humid  mountainous 
regions  at  au  elevation  of  2000  to  4000  ft.,  /.  D.  Hooher. 

25.  LOMATIA,  R.  Br. 

(Tricondylus,  Salish.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  irregular,  the  tube  obHcpie,  open 
along  the  lower  side,  tapering-  at  the  top,  the  Hmb  ovoid-globular,  re- 
curved,  the  himinai  long  cohering.  Anthers  ovate,  sessile  in  the  con- 
cave  himiniB.  Hypogynous  ghmds  3,  broad  and  truncate,  the  fourth 
upper  one  deficient.  Ovary  on  a  long  stipes,  tapering  into  a  long  style 
dihited  at  the  top  into  a  llat  obHque  disk  stigmatic  in  the  centre  ;  ovules 
several,  haterally  attached  below  the  middle,  amphitropous,  imbricate 
upwards  in  2  rows.  FolHcle  coriaceous,  opening  ahnost  flat.  Seeds 
imbricate  upwards,  with  a  broad  terminal  nearly  straight  wing,  sur- 
rounded  by  the  marginal  raphe. — Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate, 
entire,  toothed  or  pinnately  divided,  very  variable  on  the  same  indi- 
viduaL  Flowers  pediceHate  in  ])airs,  in  terminal  or  axillary  simple  or 
sHghtly  branched  racemes.  Bracts  under  each  pair  usuaUy  small 
narrow  and  very  deciduous  or  often  enthely  wanting-.  Perianths  white 
or  pale  yeUow,  sometimes  assuming  at  length  a  reddish  tint. 

Tlie  genus  is  also  represented  in  tlie  mountaius  of  extratropical  South  America,  hut 
the  Australian  species  appear  to  he  all  endemic.  The  structure  and  proportions  of  the 
parts  of  the  flower  and  truit  are  rcmarkahly  uniform  in  the  Australian  species,  leaving 
little  for  their  distinction  besides  the.  foliage  which  is  emincntly  yariablc.  The  thin 
frao-ile  pelliclc  or  powdery  substance  intcrposed  bctwcen  the  seeds  in  this  genus  and  in 
Tdopea,  appears  to  be  an  epidermal  production  of  tlie  seeil  itself,  but  its  real  nature 
can  scarcely  be  ascertained  witliout  observing  it  in  a  fresh  state  both  before  and  after 
the  maturity  of  the  seed. 


636  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [Loinatia. 

Leaves  piunate  witli  ovate  peiiolulatc  ses^raents 1.  L.fraxinifolla. 

Leaves  nndiviJed  or  onre  or  twice  pinnate,  with  scssile  or  decur- 
rent  segnients  usually  reticulale  and  tootlied. 
LeavcR  niostly  undivided,  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acutely  toolhed, 

rarely  pinnato 2.  L.  iUclfolia. 

liCaves  niostly  undivided,  lincar-lanceolate,  with  callous  ser- 

ratiires 3.  /y.  Imgifolia. 

Leaves  mostly  once  twice  or  tlirico  pinnate 4.  L.  silaifolia. 

Leavee  nairo-\v,  undividcd,  piiinatifid  or  pinnate,  otlierwise  entire 
or  rarely  tnothed  at  the  cnd,  rather  tliick  and  veinlcss. 
Leaves  niostly  pinnate,  ghibrous  or  nearly  so.     Eacemes  long 

aiid  loose 5.  L.  tiactoria. 

Leaves    niostly    undivided,     closely    and    densely   tomentose 

underneath.     Racenies  sliort  and  dense &.  L.  pohjmorpha. 

1.  L.  fraxinifolia,  F.  MkcU.  Ilcrh.  A  tall  slirub  or  small  tree,  tlie 
branches  aiid  tbliao'o  o-bibroiis  and  drying-  black,  tbe  intlorescence 
sbgbtlj  ferrxiginous-tonientose.  Loaves  rnostly  pinnate  ;  seg-ments  3  to 
7,  ovate  or  ovate-kinceobite,  acuminate,  coarsely-tootbed,  contracted 
into  a  distinct  petiolule,  2  to  3  or  rarely  4  in.  long-,  coriaceous  and  sbin- 
ing-  above,  tlie  veins  not  very  conspicuous ;  occasionally  tbe  lower  leaves 
are  undivided,  or  on  luxuriant  sboots  one  or  tvvo  of  tbe  seg-ments  are 
again  divided.  Eacemes  6  to  8  in.  long-,  solitary  or  several  in  a  broad 
terminal  panicle.  Pedicels  3  or  4  bnes  long-.  Periantb  glabrous,  4  to 
5  bnes  long-,  tbe  bmb  ovoid.     Fruit  only  seen  young-. 

Queensland.     Rockiugham  Bay,  iJallacliy. 

2.  L.  ilicifolia,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  200,  rrocl.  390,  Prot. 
Nov.  33.  An  erect  branebing-  sbrub  of  several  ft.,  g-rowing-  out  some- 
times  into  a  small  tree,  quite  g-bUjrous  or  tbe  young-  sboots  and  inllo- 
rescence  more  or  less  ferruginous-pubescent.  Leaves  petiobite,  ovate 
oblong-  or  lanceobite,  irregubirly  prickly-tootbed  or  lobed,  varying-  from 
2  or  3  in.  in  some  specimens,  to  twice  tbat  size  in  otbers,  glabrous  above 
and  more  or  less  reticubite,  closely  and  sbortly  silky-pubescent  under- 
neatb ;  tbe  up])er  leaves  often  small  and  distant,  and  on  barren  sboots 
the  leaves  sometimes  pinnate  witb  numerous  small  sessile  or  decurrent 
binceobite  toothed  segments.  Racemes  long-  and  k)ose,  simple  or  sbghtly 
brancbed.  Pedicels  \  to  i  in,  kmg-.  Periantb  glabrous  or  pubeseent 
witb  small  a])pressed  bairs,  tbe  tube  3  to  3.^-  lines  loag-.  Fruit  1  to  l^ 
in.  long-.— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  447 ;  Bot.  Mag-;  t.  4023 ;  Emhoth- 
ritim  ilicifvlium,  Poir.  Dict.  iSuppb  ii.  551 ;  L.  Fruseri,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Kov. 
34;   ^lcissn.  bc. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Wonibat  Brush,  Fraser,  A.  Ciinnhujham;  Berriina,  Wovlls ; 'isavf 
England,  ('.  iStuart ;  Claience  river,  Bechler,  Lcnnans ;  Mouut  Liiidsay,  W  Hill ; 
Bnowy  incuntains  at  the  head  of  Macleav  aiid  Bellinger  rivers,  C.  Noore  ;  southwarJ 
to  Twofold  l!ay,  .1.  Cunninyham,  F.  Mvellcr. 

Victoria.  J'oit  L'hillip,  B.  Brown ;  Wilson's  Promontory,  ^aaier ;  Dandenong 
ranges,  .Moiinl  Disappoiutnunt,  Seeler's  Cove,  Bunip  Creek,  Mount  Aberdeen,  Delatite 
Mountains,  &;c.,  F.  sUueller. 

The  northeru  specimens  arc  gencrally  more  ferrnginous-pubescent  than  thc  soutliern 
ones  ;  soine  froni  New  Liighind  have  the  leaves  all  sinall  and  ovate  ;  in  tlio.se  ironi 
Clarence  nver  they  are  fretiuentiy  piimate,  and  in  one  instance  some  are  pinnatiiiJ  witb 


Loimtia.]  civ.  proteace^.  537 

few  lobes,  and  others  pinnate  with  niany  segnients  on  tlie  s.mie  specimen  ;  in  Fraser'8 
specimens  tliey  vary  froiu  slightly  toothed  to  decply  pinnatiiiil. 

3.  L.  longifolia,  7.'.  Br.  in  Trans.  Lin».  Sic.  x.  200,  Prod.  390.  An 
erect  ^hrul)  oi"  8  to  10  f"t.,  g-labrous  or  witli  a  slig-lit  ferrujj-iuoiis  pubes- 
cence  on  the  young-  shoots  and  inHorescence.  Leaves  linear-lanceoh\te 
or  rarely  oblong-lanceolate,  aciuninate,  bordered  by  distant  serratures, 
tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  niostly  4  to  8  in.  long",  not  very  promi- 
nently  veined.  Racemes  axillary  and  terminal,  shorter  than  the  leaves 
or  rarely  long-er.  Perianth  «'labrous,  4  to  5  lines  long-.  Fruit  about  1 
in.  long-".— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  447  ;  Bot.  Reg-.  t.  44i2  ;  Enhuth- 
rii/m  mijricoidcs,  Giertn.  f.  Fr.  iii.  215,  t.  218 ;  E.  lonrfifoliiim,  Poir.  Dict. 
Suppl.  ii.  551 ;    Tricondijliis  mijriccfoliiis,   Knig'ht,  Prot.  122  ;   X.  angnsti- 

folia,  Schnitzl.  Ic.  ii.  113  i'  (name  and  fruit  only). 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  tlie  Blue  Mountains,  R.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  16, 
Fl.  J/i.d.  n.  -473,  and  niany  others;  Sydney  woods,  Paris  Exliibition,  1855,  MArthur, 
w.  177  ;  Argyle  County,  Baclhouse ;  Twofold  Bay,  L.  Mortrm. 

Victoria.     Kingriver,  MiltaMitta  and  J3uffalo  ranges,  F.  3Iuelkr. 

Var.  arborescens.  A  sniall  iree  of  20  to  25  ft.,  with  rather  longer,  more  terininal 
racenies  and  flowers,  smaller  or  shwrter  slender  pedicels. — Sydney  woods,  Paris  Exhi- 
bition,  1855,  MArthur,  n.  219. 

4.  L.  silaifolia,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  199,  Prod.  389,  Prot. 
Nov.  33.  A  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  g-labrous  or  the  young-  shoots  and  in- 
florescence  minutely  pubescent.  Leaves  mostiy  twice  or  tlirice  pinnate, 
rarely  simply  pinnate  ;  seg-ments  sessile  and  decurrent,  linear  or  lanceo- 
late,  usuall}^  deeply  and  sliarply  toothed,  narrow  or  broad,  long'  or  short, 
the  whole  leaf  usually  4  to  8  in.  long-  and  broad,  or  the  lower  ones 
larg-er,  tlie  reticulations  obscure  or  prominent.  Racemes  terminal,  long; 
and  loose,  simple  or  branched,  the  tlowers  larg-er  than  in  the  preeeding* 
species.  Pedicels  \  to  |-  in.,  perianth  7  to  8  lines  long-. — Meissn.  in 
IJC.  Prod.  xiv.  .448;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  1272;  Emhothrinm  silaifoliiim,  Sm. 
Specim.  Bot.  Nov.  Holl.  23,  t.  8 ;  ^.  hcrbaccum,  Cav.  Ic.  iv.  58 ;  t.  384 ; 
E.  cnthmifolium,  Sm.  (Steud.) ;  Tricondi/lus  silaifoliiis,  Knig-ht,  Prot.  122. 

Queensland.     Brisbane  river,  Moretou  Bay,  F.  3Iuellir. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Port  Jackson  to  the  Blue  Mounfains,  E.  Brmm,  Sieher,  n.  15, 
and  others;  New  England,  C.  Stuart,  C.  Moore  ;  Hastings  river,  Fraser. 

Yar.  induta,  F.  ]\lueil.  Leaves  silky-pubescent  underneath,  passing  into  the  ciit- 
leaved  forms  of  X.  ilicifolia. — Brisbane  river,  Moreton  Bay,  Leichliardt,  F.  Mueller. 

Sonie  specimens  from  Hastings  river,  Bcclier,  with  siniply  pinnate  leaves  and  toothed 
Fegments  may  be  a  variety  either  of  L.  silaifolia  or  L.  ilicifolia. 

5.  L.  tinctoria,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  199,  Prod.  389.  A 
small  shrub,  rarely  exceeding-  2  ft.,  and  increasing-  by  subterraneous 
runners  so  as  to  form  larg-e  patches,  glabrous  or  the  young*  shoots  in- 
ilorescence  and  underside  of  the  lcaves  silky-pubescent.  Leaves  pin- 
nate  bipinnate  or  rarely  undivided ;  seg-ments  linear,  obtuse,  entire  or 
lobed,  varying-  from  under  i  in.  to  above  1  in.  long-,  but  rather  regular 
in  the  sanie  leaf,  scarcely  veincd  l)esi(les  the  midrib.  Racemes  terminal 
or  in  the  upper  axils,  pedunculate,  loose,  4  to  8  in.  long-.     Pedicels 


538  civ.   PROTEACE^Ti.  [Lomatiu. 

about  |-  in.,  periaiith  abuut  5  lines  lun<i'.  Fruit  frum  |  tu  noar  1  in. 
lon^.— Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  448  ;  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  328;  Bot. 
Mag-.  t.  4110;  Emhothrium  tinctonvm.,  Labill.  Pl.  Nov.  Holl.  i.  31,  t.  43; 
Tricondi/liis  tinctorius,  Knig-lit,  Prot.  122. 

Tasmania.  Port  Dalrvmple  and  Derwent  river,  R.  Brown ;  abiinclant  in  sandy 
soil,  asceiKliiig  to  3000  ft.,  /.  Z».  ITooker. 

6.  L.  polymorpha,  F.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  200,  Prod.  389.  A 
tall  slender  shrub,  the  branches  and  intlorescence  ferrug-inous  or  silky- 
tomentose.  Leaves  mostly  ublung--Hnear  ur  lanceulate,  ubtuse  or  acute, 
entire,  tapering-  intu  a  petiule,  1  ur  2  in.  lung',  rarely  more  or  less  pin- 
natifid,  thick,  smouth  and  veinless  above,  densely  but  closely  tomentose 
underueath,  the  niidrib  prominent,  the  marg-ins  often  nerve-like  or  re- 
curved.  Racemes  terminal,  shurt  and  dense.  Pedicels  3  tu  6  lines  lung'. 
Perianth  pubescent,  |  in.  lung-. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  448 ;  Hook. 
f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  327  ;  Enihothrium  tinctorium,  var.  Labill.  Pl.  ]N'ov.  Holl. 
i.  31,  t.  42. 

Tasmania.  Port  de  l'Esperance  and  Mount  Wollington,  R.  Brown;  abundant  in 
tlie  western  anJ  ceiitral  alpine  districts,  J.  D.  Hooher. 


26.  CARDWELLIA,  F.  Muell. 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  somewhat  irreg'ular,  the  tube  open 
along-  the  luwer  side,  tapering-  at  the  top  and  recurved  under  the  ob- 
liquely  glubular  limb.  Anthers  ovate,  sessile  in  the  concave  laminue. 
Hypog-ynous  g-lands  4.  Ovary  contracted  into  a  short  stipes ;  style 
elong-ated,  dilated  at  tlie  top  into  a  lateral  disk  stig-matic  in  the  centre ; 
ovules  several,  laterally  attached  near  the  top  and  imbricate  downwards 
in  2  rows.  Fruit  thick  and  woody,  opening*  at  leng-th  into  a  broad 
follicle.  Seeds  very  tiat,  oblong-,  surrounded  by  a  wing'-like  margin. — 
A  tree.  Leaves  alternate,  abruptly  pinnate.  Flowers  in  terminal  ra- 
cemes,  in  pairs,  witli  the  very  short  pedicels  united.     Bracts  not  seen, 

The  genus  is  liniitcd  to  a  single  speeies  endemic  in  Australia. 

1.  C.  sublimis,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  24,  38,  73,  and  152.  A  tree  of 
80  tu  90  ft.,  the  young'  branches  and  infiorescence  minutely  hoary-tomen- 
tose,  the  adult  ibliag-e  gdabruus.  Leaves  above  1  ft.  long- ;  leafiets  4  to 
10,  opposite  or  alternate,  all  on  rather  long-  petiolules,  ovate  or  oblong', 
ubtuse,  curiaceuus,  veined.  green  above,  pale  glaucous  or  fulvous  under- 
neath,  3  to  8  in.  long-.  Racemes  several  in  a  terminal  panicle,  some- 
times  shorter  sometimes  longer  than  the  leaves.  Pedicels  exceeding-ly 
short.  Perianth  hoary-tomentose,  the  tube  about  |  in.  long-.  Hypo- 
gynous  glands  giobular.  Ovules  12  to  10.  Fruit  when  unripe  with 
the  aspect  of  that  of  a  Ai/!omeIuin,  but  une  uld  une  in  Herb.  F.  Mueller 
has  upened  uut  into  a  bruad  orbicular  fullicle,  3  in.  diameter.  Seed 
about  3  iu.  long-,  |  in.  bruad. 

Queensland.     Mountains  about  Eockingbam  Bay,  Dallachj. 


Stemcarpus.^  civ.   puoti:ace^.  539 

27.  STENOCARPUS,  R.  Br. 

(Agiiostus,  A.  Cunn.) 

Flowers  liennaplirodite.  Perianth  slij^htly  irreo-ular,  the  tnbe  open- 
ing-  along-  the  lower  side,  tlie  linil)  nearly  globular  and  recnrved,  the 
seg-ments  at  length  separating-.  Anthers  broad,  sessile  within  the 
concave  laminjt,  the  connective  not  produced  beyond  the  cells.  Hypo- 
gynous  gdands  united  in  a  short  seniiannuhir  disk  or  cup  or  almost 
obsolete.  Ovary  stipitate,  tapering-  into  a  long-  style  dihited  at  the  top 
into  a  flat  obhque  disk,  stig-niatic  in  the  centre  ;  ovules  several,  hiterally 
attaclied  at  or  near  the  top,  imbricate  downwards  in  2  rows,  Fruit  a 
foIHcle,  usually  narrow,  coriaceous ;  seeds  produced  at  the  lower  end 
into  a  membranous  wing-. — Trees.  Leaves  alternate  or  scattered,  entire 
or  deeply  pinnatilid  with  few  lobes.  Peduncles  terminal  or  in  the  upper 
axils,  sometimes  several  in  an  umbel  or  short  raceme,  each  bearing*  an 
umbel  of  pediceHate  red  or  yellow  llow^ers.  Bracts  none  or  faUing-  oif 
at  a  very  early  stag-e. 

The  genus  extends  to  New  CaleJonia,  the  Aiistralian  species  are  however  all 
endemic. 

Leaves  6  in.  to  1  ft.  long.      Perianths    ahove   1   in.  hmg,   the 

pedicels  radiating  in  a  single  row  round  the  disk-like  end  of 

the  peduncle \.  S.  sinuatus. 

Leaves  under  6  in.     Perianths  4  in.  long  or  less,   the  pedicels 
irregularly  crowded  on  the  suramit  of  the  peduacle. 

Ovary  usually  puhescent 2.  S  salignus. 

Ovary  quite  glabrous Z.  S.  Gunnincjhamii. 

1.  S.  sinuatus,  EmU.  Gen.  Pl.  Suppl.  iv.  88.  A  tree  sometimes  de- 
scribed  as  small  and  slender,  sometimes  said  to  attain  GO  to  100  ft., 
g-hibrous  or  the  inllorescence  minutely  tomentose.  Leaves  petiolate, 
either  undivided  oblong--lanceolate  and  6  to  8  in.  long-,  or  pinnatiiid  and 
above  1  ft.  long-,  w^ith  1  to  4  oblong-  lobes  on  each  side,  mostly  obtuse, 
quite  g-labrous  but  reddish  underneath,  penniveined  and  minutely  re- 
ticulate.  Peduncles  terminal,  either  2  or  more  tog-ether  in  a  general 
umbel,  or  several  at  some  distance  forming-  a  short  broad  raceme,  each 
peduncle  2  to  4  in.  long-,  and  bearing-  an  umbel  of  12  to  20  brig-ht  red 
llowers,  the  pedicels  about  ^  in.  long-,  radiating-  in  a  sing-le  row  round 
the  chsk-like  dilated  summit  of  the  peduncle.  Perianth  tube  1  in.  long- 
or  rather  more,  straiglit,  tapering-  upwards,  the  limb  recurved,  globular, 
about  2  lines  diameter.  Ovary  densely  pubescent,  on  a  g-labrous  stipes, 
with  a  rather  thick  g'labrous  style.  Ovules  12  to  14. — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  451 ;  Apnostus  sinuatus,  A.  Cunn.  in  Loud.  Hort.  Brit.  580 ; 
Stenocarpus  Cunnintjhanm,  Hook.  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  4203  (copied  iuto  Fl.  des. 
Serres.  iii.  189,  t.  7)  not  of  R.  Br. ;  Paxt.  Mag-.  xiv.  i.  with  a  fig-. 

Queensland.     Brisbane  river,  Jloreton  Bay,  A.  Cunninghain,  W.Hill;  Araucaria 
ranges,  Leichhardt ;  Queenshuid  woods,  London  Exhibition,  J862,   W.  Ilill,  n.  17. 
N.  S.  'Wales.     iiichmond  river,  C.  JMoore,  Fawcctt ;  Tweed  river,  C.  Moore. 

2.  S.  salignus,  P.  IJr.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  202,  PnnL  391.  A 
moderate-sized  tree,  g-labrous  or  the  inllorescence  miuutely  i^ubescent. 


.040  civ.    i-HOTKACE^.  [Stenocarpus. 

Leaves  in  the  typical  lurm  ovate-lauceolate  or  elliptical,  acute  acuminate 
or  rarcly  obtuse,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  varying' 
from  penniveined  to  tri])linerved  (the  lower  primary  veins  scarcely  long-er 
or  much  longer  and  thicker  than  tlie  others),  but  the  veins  usually 
indistinct  slightly  prominent  or  ahnost  immersed,  a  few  leaves  on  young' 
trees  or  harren  branches  hirg-er  and  ])innatifid.  Peduncles  slender, 
terminal  or  in  the  xipper  axils,  usually  shorter  than  the  leaves,  bearing" 
a  sing-le  umbel  of  lU  to  20  flowers  or  in  hixuriant  specimens  as  many  ^ 
as  30  flowers.  Pechcels  ^  to  l  in.  long-,  irreg-uhirly  crowded  on  the 
summit  of  tlie  peduncles.  Perianth  usually  under  |  in.  long*.  Ovary 
shg-htly  silkv-])iibescent  or  nearly  g-labrous.  Ovules  6  to  8,  not  so 
closely  imbricate  nor  so  narrow  and  compressed  as  in  S.  sinuatns. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  451  ;  Bot.  Ileg-.  t.  441  ;  Hulica  rubricaulis,  Colla, 
Hort.  Ripul.  Apj3.  i.  114,  t.  3;  Emhothrium  ruhricunlc,  Giord.  Obs.  1837 
(Meissn.);  Stowcurpus  acacioidcs,  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  i.  135. 

Queensland.     ^\'!iiwiLk,  Kernst. 

N.  S.  Wales.  Giose  liver,  li.  Brown ;  Blue  Mountains,  A.andR.  CunningJiam; 
1  weed  livcr,  ('.  Moore ;  Illawarra,  A.  Cunninfjhain,  Shejjherd;  Svdney  'woods,  Paris 
Exbibition,  1855,  3l'Arthur,  n.  187.     Known  under  the  nanie  of  ''  Silky  Oak." 

Var.  3loarei.  Leaves  broader  and  usually  niore  dislinctly  tripli-  or  quintupli-nerved, 
the  ovary  rninutely  pubescent. — iS'.  31oorei,  F.  RJuell.  Fragm.  i.  134,  v.  154. — Eocking- 
ham  Bay,  Lallachy ;  Mount  Lindsay,  W.  Hill;  Llawarra,  C.  Moore ;  Mount  Warm- 
ing,  C.  Moore  (with  a  few  leaves  deeply  pinnatifid  with  3  or  5  long  narrow  lobes): 

Var.  concolor.  Leaves  more  proniinently  tripli-  orrarely  quintupli-nerved,  the  reticu- 
lations  also  more  distinct.  Flowers  rather  larger.  Ovary  glabrous  or  nearly  so. — 
S.  concolor,  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  iii.  147,  v.  154. — Broad  Sound  and  near  Maryhorough, 
£owman. 

3.  S.  Cunninghamii,  /i'.  Hr.  Prot,  Nov.  34.  A  tall  bushy  shrub 
or  small  tree,  glabrous  or  tlie  inliorescence  slig-htly  jnibescent,  the 
specimens  closely  resembling-  those  of  S.  saligmis  in  which  the  leaves 
are  rather  narrow,  thick  and  obscurely  veined.  Leaves  oblong'-lanceo- 
late,  obtuse  or  acuminate,  varying-  in  breadth,  about  2  to  4  in.  long-, 
tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  faintly  trijjli-  or  cjuintupli-nerved,  the 
snialler  veins  rarely  visible.  Flowers  precisely  as  in  aS'.  suligmis,  except 
that  the  ovary  apj^ears  to  be  constantly  quite  glabrous. — Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  451. 

N.  Australia.  Vansittart's  Bay,  N.W.  coast,  A.  Cunningham  (with  small  flowers 
nnd  a  slightly  pubescent  inflore.-ci  ncc) ;  sources  of  the  Koper  river,  E.  Mudltr  (wiih 
sniall  flowers  and  a  nearly  ghiLirous  inflorescence) ;  Liverpool  river,  CadelVs  Evpedition 
(wiih  rather  hxrger  flowcrs  and  tlie  iniloresccnce  quite  glabrous).  'J  he  whole  should 
jirubably  be  considered  as  varieties  of  S.  salignus. 

TiuBE  7.  Panksie^e. — Ovules  2,  collateral.  Seeds  separated  by  a 
liard  or  membranous,  usually  bifid,  sometimes  double  plate,  rarely 
wanting'.  Flowers  in  dense  sj)ikes  or  co/ies  with  closely  imbricate  per- 
sistent  bracts  within  or  below  the  spike. 

The  singular  plate  intervening  betwecn  the  two  setds  in  this  tribc  has  been  explained 
by  Brown  to  consist  of  the  outer  coating  of  one  side  of  eacli  seed,  separating  from  the 
inner  coatings  as  they  advance  towards  niaturity,  the  two  beconiing  nsually  consoli- 
dated  opposite  the  nuclei,  remaining  distiuct  oppoMte  tlie  seed-wings.     This  plate  is 


Stcnocarpus.\  Civ.    PiiOTEACEyE.  641 

entirely  free  from  the  walls  of  tlie  pcricarp,  cxcept  at  tlie  point  of  attachment  df  (ho 
seed,  forming  a  portion  of  tlic  latter,  not  of  the  formcr,  anJ  has  tiierefore  no  titlo  to  tlie 
name  of  a  disscpiment,  real  or  spurions,  stiil  givcn  to  it  iu  systematic  worlis,  even  iu 
the  rrodromus. 

28.  BANKSIA,  Linn.  f. 

Flowers  liermaphrotlite.  Periantli  reg-ular  or  nearly  so,  strai"-lit  or 
curved,  the  slender  tube  opening-  equally  or  aloug  the  lower  side  only, 
the  linib  ovoid  obhnig-  or  linear,  the  himinie  remaining-  long-  cohereiit 
or  rarely  separating  as  the  tube  opens.  Anthers  narrow,  sessile  in  the 
concave  lamintB,  the  connective  thick,  usually  very  shorth'  produced 
beyond  the  cells.  Hypogynous  scales  4,  very  thin  and  memljranous 
(rarely  deficient .'').  Ovary  very  small  and  sessile  ;  style  usually  lon^-er 
than  the  periantli,  rigid,  curved  and  protruding  from  tlie  sHt  in  the 
perianth-tube  until  the  end  is  set  free  by  the  separation  of  the  himime 
and  then  either  straighteued  or  remaining-  hooked  or  curved  rarelv 
straight  from  the  first  and  not  exceeding-  the  perianth  ;  the  stio-matic 
end  on  a  level  with  the  anthers,  of  a  dilferent  texture  but  smooth  or 
striate  and  furrowed,  continuous  with  the  style  or  with  a  prominent  rim 
at  the  base,  the  real  stigma  small  and  terminal ;  ovules  2,  collaterally 
attached  about  the  middle.  Fruit  a  compressed  capsule,  openino-  at 
the  broad  end  (or  rather  outer  margin,  for  the  scar  of  the  stvfe  is 
lateral)  in  two  hard  often  woody  horizontal  valves.  Seeds  usually  2 
compressed,  with  a  terminal  membranous  vving  broad  and  rounded  like 
the  valves,  the  seeds  separated  by  a  phite  of  the  same  shape  (the  con- 
solidated  outer  integuments  of  the  inner  side  of  the  two  seeds)  free 
from  the  ripe  seeds,  simple  (completely  consoHdated)  between  the 
nuclei,  double  (remaining-  distinct)  between  the  wings. — Trees  or 
shrubs.  Leaves  alternate  or  rarely  verticillate  or  nearly  so,  usually 
narrow,  entire  toothed  pinnatifid  or  pinnate,  with  numerous  (rarely 
few)  short  teeth  lobes  or  seg-ments,  the  primary  veins  numerous  and 
transverse,  rarely  inconspicuous  or  irreg-ular  and  the  minute  reticuhi- 
tions  numerous  on  the  under  surface,  with  a  minute  tomentum  rarely 
wanting  in  the  areolie,  and  sometimes  white  and  covering  the  whole 
under  surface,  the  upper  surface  ahnost  alwa^^s  g-labrous  and  smooth. 
Flowers  sessile  in  pairs,  in  dense  terminal  cylindrical  oblong-  or  g-lobular 
spikes,  either  terminal  and  sessile  above  the  last  leaves  or  rarely  lateral 
or  on  short  lateral  branches  ;  each  pair  of  fiowers  suljtended  by  one 
bract  and  two  lateral  rather  smaller  bracteoles,  both  bracts  and 
bracteoles  densely  woolly-villous  on  the  sides,  the  tips  glabrous  tonien- 
tose  or  villous,  either  clavate  and  obtuse  or  truncate,  or  shortly  acumi- 
nate,  always  densely  imbricate  in  parallel  spiral  or  rarely  vertical  lines. 
Perianth-tube  very  slemler  and  entire  within  the  bracts,  ultimately 
splitting  beyond  them.  In  fruit  the  bracts  and  bracteoles  become  con- 
solidated  with  the  rhachis  into  a  thick  woody  cone,  either  covered  with 
the  withered  remains  of  the  ])erianths  amongst  which  the  capsules  are 
entirely  concealed,  or,  where  the  fiowers  are  wholly  deciiluous  tlie 
valves  of  the  capsules  protrude   more  or  less  beyoud  the  bracts,  the 


54G  CIV.    PROTEACE.E.  [Ba>i/(Sia. 

loAver  indehiscent  portion  containing  the  nuclei  of  the  seeds  reniaining- 
imbedded  among-  the  bracts.  The  proportion  of  perfect  capsules  is 
usually  very  small  in  relation  to  the  number  of  llowers,  of  wliicli  there 
are  often  fi-om  500  to  above  1000  in  the  same  spike. 

The  genus  is  endemic  in  Australia,  and  the  greater  number  of  species  are  Westerni 
two  onl}'  of  the  Eastern  species  penetrate  into  the  tropics,  besides  oue  which  is  exclu- 
sively  tropical,  if  it  be  really  more  than  a  variety  of  the  most  widcly  dilfuscd  of  the 
Eastern  species. 

Sect.  1.  Oncostylis. — Le.aves  linear  or  rarely  lanceolate,  v:itk  revolute  margins  or 
nearly  fiat  hut  very  inldte  underneath,  entire  denticulate  or pinnate  uith  small  nume- 
rous  regular  segments.  Stj/Ie  remaining  hooked  after  the  ^^erianth-limb  has  opened, 
the  stigmatic  end  very  small. 

Periauth-tube  villous,  lcss  than  half  as  long  as  the  style,  the  h'mb 
glabrous.     Leaves  small,  entire.     Western  species. 
Perianth-tube  about  4  lines  long.    Leaves  incurved  or  erect,  5  to 

^  in.  long 1.  B.pulchella. 

Perianth-tube  about  3  lincs  long.    Leaves  spreading  or  reflexed, 

not  exceeding  ^  in 2.  B.  Meissneri. 

Perianth-tube  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  style,  silky  as  well  as 
the  limb. 
Leaves  linear  with  closely  revolute  entire  margins  and  not  truu- 
cate  at  thc  end.     \\'estern  sj^ecies. 
Leaves   mostly   short.     Perianth  under  1    in.  long.     Bracts 

•with  glabrous  tips o.  B.  nutans. 

Leaves  mostly  long.     Perianth  above  1  in.  long.     Bracts  en 

tirely  woolly-villous A.  B.  spharocarpa. 

Leaves  linear,  truncate  or  notched  at  the  end  and  often  denticu- 
late,  especially  near  the  end. 
Western  species,  leaves  long. 

Leaves  (2  to  4  in.)  very  narrow,  with  closely  revolute  entire 

margins.     Bracts  villous  to  the  end 5.  B.  tricuspis. 

Leaves  (2  to  4  in.)  with  revolute  or  recurved  margins,  entire 

or  denticulate  towards  the  end.    Bracts  \^-itli  glabrous  tips     6.  B.  occidentalis. 
Leaves  (4  to  8  in.)  more  open,  showing  the  tomentose  under 

surface.     Bracts  tomentose  at  the  end 1.  B.  littoralis, 

Eastem  species. 

Leaves  (about  4  in.)  very  narrow  with  closely  revolute  eutire 

margins 8.  2?.  ericifolia. 

Leaves  (l^  to  3  in.)  narrow-linear  with  closely  revolute 

entire  or  denticulate  margins 9.  B.  spiimdosa. 

Leaves  (1|  to  3  in.)  linear,  more  open,  showing  the  white 

under  surface,  denticulate  to  the  base  or  rarely  entire      .   10.  B.  collina. 
Leaves  mostly  verticillate,  oblong-lanceolate  or  bvoadly  linear, 
entire    or    rarely   toothed    at   the    end,    white    undcrneath. 

Western  species \\.  B.  verticillata. 

Lcaves  pinnate  with  numerous  small  regular  contiguous  but 
distinct  segments. 
Leaf-segments  broad,  triangular.     Spikes  small,  globuhir  or 

ovoid \2.  B.  dryandroides. 

Leaf-segments   narrow,  falcate.      Spikes   large,    oblong    or 

cylindrical 13.  -B.  Broivnii. 

Sect.  2.   Cyrtostylis. — Leavesflat  or  undulate,  the  margins  not  revolnte,  toothed, 
pinnatifld  or  pinnate.     Style  arched  or  nearly  straight  and  turned  upwards  after 
flowering,  not  hooked,  the  stigmatic  end  small,  not  striate.      Western  species. 
Perianlh  obtuse  or  acutc,  not  aristate. 

Leaves  narrow,  regularly  serrate,  usually  white  underneath. 

Spikes  narrow.     Perianth  glabrous,  under  ^  in.  long      .     .     .14.  B.  attenuata. 


BaiiJma.]  civ.   photeace^.  54:3 

Spikes  bioaJ.     reriantli  1  in.  long,  tlie  tiibe  villous,  the  iimb 

at  lengtii  glabrous 15.  J5.  mcdia. 

Leaves  large,  on  iong  petioles,  irregularly  tootbed  or  lobed. 

Tree.     Uuter  bracts  short 16.  ^.  Solandri. 

Low  prostrate  shriibs.     Onter  bracts  linear-subulate. 

Leaves  closely  surrounding  the  spilie  and  not  along  the  pros- 

trate  stem \1.B.  Goodii. 

Leaves  erect  along  the  prostrate  stcni,   white   underneath, 

none  round  the  spike 18.  B.  p,,tiolaris. 

Leaves  large,  on  long  petioles,  deeply  and  inegularly   pinnatitid. 
Low  prostrate  shrubs.     Spikes  oblong. 
Pcriantli  1  in.  long,  tiie  liaib  hirsute  with  loose  usually  persis- 

tent  hairs 19.  -C.  rcpims. 

Perianth  scarcely  %  in.  long,   the   limb  clothed  with  intricate 

loose  ferrugiuous  very  deciduous  hairs 20.  B.  prostratu. 

Leaves  large,  pinnate,  with  triangular  distinct  but  contiguous  seg- 

meuts.     Spikes  cylindrical 2\.  B.  grandis. 

Perianth   acuminate   with  long  awn-like  points.     Leaves  nearly 
sessile,  not  very  iarge,  irregulariy  toothed  or  lobed. 
Spikes  3  to  4  in.  loiig,  rather  narrow.     Bracts  wilh  glabrons  tips  22.  B.  qiicrcifolia. 
Spikes  4  to  8  in.  loug,  very  thick.     iJracts  villous  at  the  end     .  23.  B.  Baueri. 

Sect.  3.  Eubanksia. — Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  ohlong  or  cuneate,  vith  recurved 
or  revolute,  entire  or  dentate  margins,  tohite  underneath.  Sti/le  atjirst  curved,  straight 
and  very  spreading  or  rejiexed  after  the  perianth-liiiib  has  opened,  the  stigmutic  end 
small,  not  s'riate.     Easttrn  or  tropical  species. 

Leaves  (mostly  1  to  2  in.)  entire  or  rarely  loothed,  reticulate  under- 
neath,  without  any  or  with  few  and  irregular  pvimary  trans- 
verse  veins 24.  ^.  marginata. 

Leaves  (mostly  3  to  6  in.)  entire  or  rarely  tootbed,  with  transverse 
primary  veins  uuderneath,  usually  numerous  but  not  much  more 
prominent  ihan  the  reticulatious  aud  white  like  thera  ....  25.  B.  integrifolia. 

Leaves  (mostly  4  to  8  in.)  broad,  coarsely  toothed,  the  transverse 
primary  veins  promiuent  uuderneath  and  not  so  white  as  the 
reticulations 2Q.  B.  dentata. 

{B.  latifolia,  has  nearly  the  flowers  and  style  oi  Eubanlcsia,  but  flat  leaves  uot  white 
underneath). 

Sect.  4.  Orthostylis. — Leaves  flat  or  undulate  (irregularly  in  B.  Caleyi  and  B. 
coccinea),  serrate,  jnimatifid  or  pinnate,  with  short  lohes  or  segments.  Perianth  umally 
straight.  iSti/le,  after  the  ijerianth-limh  has  opened,  curved  iipwards  ncar  the  hase, 
then  straight  and  erect,  the  stigmatic  end  prominently  angled  and  furrowed  or 
striate. 

Eastern  species. 

Leaves  2  to  3  in.  long,  broad,  irregularly  toothed.    Style  end  of 

Euhanlsia 27.  B.  latifolia. 

Leaves  3  to  6  in.  long,  f  to  1  in.  broad,  regularly  serrate.    Style- 
end  thickened  at  the  base. 

Style-end  cylindiical 28.  B.  serrata. 

Style-endovoid,  very  short 29.  B.  cemulu. 

Leaves  2  to  4  in.  long,  4  to  |  iii.  broad,  regularly  serrate.    Style- 

end  oblong 30.  ^.  ornata. 

Western  species. 
Perianth  vilious. 

Leaves  |  in.  broad  or  more,  very  shortly  sinuate,  toothed. 
Leaves  14  to  2.^  in.  long,  very  broad,  often  cordate.     Peri- 
anths,  before  openiiig,  iu  duuble-straight  rows  alternating 
with  double  rows  of  styles 31.  B.  cocd.nea. 


5^4  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [Banksia. 

Lcaves  I4  to  2^  in.  lonir.     Spikes   long,  the  perianths  and 

Btvles  aiternating  in  single  rows 32.  5.  sceptrum. 

Leaves  6  in.  to  1  i't.  long 33.  J5.  MtiaiLsii. 

Ltaves  uniler  ^  in.  broad,  reguhirly  serrate,  the  veins  incon- 
spicuoiis  underneath. 
Lcaves  2  to  4  in.  long.     Spikes  globular.     Style-end  sraall 

and  slcnder 34.  i?  lcev!<jaia. 

Leaves  4  to  8  in.  kmg.     Spikes  oblong      Style-end  long, 

wiih  a  tliickened  base 35.  B.  Iluokeria.ia. 

Leavcs  dceply  and  regularly  serrate  or  lobed,  the  transver.se 
vcins  connivint  in  each  lube.     Style  end  stipitate  above 
its  thickciied  base. 
Lcaf-lobes  short  aiid  broad,   not  reaching  halfway  to  the 

niidrib *" 36.  B.prionotes. 

Leatdobes  triangular,  acuniinate,  reaching  more  than  half- 

way  to  the  midrib 37.  B.   Victorice. 

Lcavcs  pinnate  witli  conliguous  broad  acuta  segmcuts.    Style 
hairy. 
Spikes  oblong.     Periantli-limb  obtuse.     Leaves  often  1  ft. 

]ong 3S.  B.  speciosa. 

Spikes  globidar.    Perianth-limb  acute.    Leaves  under  6  in. 

loiig 39.  B.  Baxteri. 

Perianth  glabrous. 

Loaves   1    to  l^  in.  h)ng,  oblong,  truncate,   sinuate-toothed. 

Spikes  oblong  cylindrical 40.  -B.  marcescens. 

Leaves  U  to  3  in.  long,  obovate-oblong,  toothed.    Spikes  large, 

nearly  globular 4L  B.Lemanniana. 

Lcaves  3  to  6  in.  long,  narrow,  sinuale  and  prickly-toothcd. 
Spikes  uearly  globular.     Perianth-limb  hah  as  lung  as  the 

tube 42.  ^.  Caleyi. 

Leaves  2  to  4  in.  long,  reguhxrly  serrate.     Perianth-limb  not 

hah'as  long  as  the  tube 43.  B.  Lindlcyana. 

Leaves  6  in.  to  Ift.  long  or  more,   with  numerous  regular 
triangular  lobes  or  segments. 

Leaves  lobed  only 44.  B.chcjans. 

Leaves  divided  to  the  midrib 45.  B.  Candolleana . 

Sf.ct.  5.   Isostylis. — /Spikes    reduced    to  depressed-globular  heads.     Periavths 
ftraiglit,  the  linib  openingas  soon  as  the  tube  cind  style  straight  tis  in  most  Dryandrje, 
but  the  outer  bractsfeiv  as  in  Banksise. 
Leaves  1   to  3  in.  long,   obovate-oblong  or  cuneate,  undulate  and 

prickly-toolhcd 4G.  -B.  ilicifolia. 

B.  UuegiUi,  Br.,  B.  lomjifolia,  Desf.,  B.  miniosoides,  Don,  B.  rnbra,  Don,  and  B. 
virens,  Don,  are  names  only  of  plants  which,  if  true  Banksice,  belong  probably  to  some 
of  the  species  above  enumerated. 

Sect.  1.  Oncostylis. — Leaves  linear  or  rarely  lanceolate,  with 
revolute  niarg-ins  or  nearly  flat  but  very  wliite  underneath,  entire  den- 
ticultite  or  pinnate  with  small  numerous  reg-ular  seg-ments.  Style 
remaininj^  hooked  after  the  perianth-Hmh  has  opened,  the  stig-matic 
end  vory  snr.ill  and  not  distinctly  furrowed. 

1.  B.  pulchella,  n.  Br.  in  Trom.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  QOQ,  Prod.  391.  A 
shrub  with  viHous  or  tomentose  branches.  Leaves  crowded,  erect  or 
incurved,  hnear,  sometimes  very  narrow  or  almost  terete,  obtuse  or 
almost  acute,  the  margins  entire  and  closely  revolute,  narrowly  o-rooved 
or  more  broadly  channelled  undorneath,  the  midrib  not  prominent,  \ 


Banksia.]  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  545 

to  ^  in.  long-.  Spikes  ovoid-g-l(»l)ul:ir,  tlie  rliachis  1  to  l^  in.  long-. 
Bracts  villous.  Perianth-tube  densely  villous,  about  4  lines  long",  the 
limb  acute,  g-labrous.  Ovary  villous.  Style  nearly  1  in.  long-,  remain- 
ing'  hooked,  witli  a  very  small  broad  stig'matic  end.  Fruiting'  cone 
globular,  about  2  in.  diameter,  the  capsules  usually  very  numerous  and 
closely  packed,  very  flat,  projeciing-  but  slig-htly,  the  margin  becoming- 
g'labrous,  nearly  1  in.  broad  when  perfect. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii. 
264,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  452. 

W.  Australia.  Lucky  Bav,  B.  Brown,  ancl  probably  from  the  samc  neiglibour- 
hood,  Baxter,  Drummond,  n.  24,  aiid  2nd  coll.  n.  338. 

2.  B.  Meissneri,  Lcfn/i.  ;  Mcissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  682,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  452.  A  spreading*  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  or  sometimes  low 
and  strag'g'ling',  the  branclies  slig-htly  hoary.  Leaves  linear,  rather 
crowded,  verv  spreading-  or  retlexed,  obtuse  or  scarcely  acute,  with 
revolute  marg-ins,  sing-ly  gTooved  or  channelled  underneath,  not  above 
:j  in.  long-  and  thicker  than  in  B.  pulchcUa.  Spikes  ovoid  and  flowers 
smaller  than  in  that  species.  Perianth-tube  loosely  villous,  scarcely 
3  lines  long*,  tlie  g'labrous  limb  very  small.  Ovary  g'labrous  ?  Style 
about  I  in.  long-,  remaining*  hooked  with  the  small  depressed  stig-matic 
end  of  i?.  pulchclla.     Fruiting-  cone  not  seen. 

Vy.  Australia.  Between  Swan  river  and  King  George's  Sound,  Drummond,  n. 
109,  2nd  cull.  n.  282,  Preis'!,  n.  488,  Harvey ;  near  Arthur,  Oldfield ;  Beaufort  and 
Gordou  plains,  Ma.vwell;  and  with  more  erect  kvaves,  Phillips  river  to  Esperance  Bay, 
Maxwell.  F.  Mnelier  thinks  that  this  is  a  variety  only  of  B.  pulchella,  with  small 
thick  spieading  leaves.  The  ovary  appeared  to  me  to  be  glabrous,  but  that  character 
may  require  further  confirmation  Both  specics  differ  from  all  other  Banlcsice  in  their 
small  perianth,  very  short  iu  proportion  to  the  style. 

3.  B.  nutans,  P.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  203,  Prod.  391.  A 
shrub,  g'labrous  or  nearly  so  except  the  inflorescence.  Leaves  crowded, 
very  narrow-linear,  almost  terete,  very  shortly  mucronate,  the  marg-ins 
closely  revolute  and  entire,  sing-ly  g-rooved  underneath,  |  to  1  in.  long-. 
Spikes  g-lobular  or  shortly  oblong-,  erect  or  nodding',  the  rhacliis  from 
under  1  to  near  2  in.  long-.  Bracts  with  small  g-labrous  tips.  Perianth- 
tube  I  in.  long-,  silky-villous  as  well  as  the  limb.  Ovary  g-labrous. 
Style  remaining-  hooked,  with  a  short  thick  stig-matic  end  not  distinctly 
furrowed.  Fruiting-  cone  globular,  2  to  4  in.  diameter ;  capsules  very 
thick  and  scarcely  protruding-,  the  end  in  some  specimens  above  1  in. 
broad  and  nearly  1  in.  thick,  smooth  and  at  first  raised  along-  the 
suture,  at  lenglh  depressed  the  thick  almost  turg-id  backs  of  tlie  valves 
very  rugose  ;  in  some  specimens  the  capsules  smaller  and  smoother, 
but  perhaps  not  fuU-g-rown. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  681,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  453 ;  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  iv.  108. 

■VJT.  Australia.  Lucky  Bay,  R.  Brown  ;  King  Gcorgc's  Sound  or  adjoining  dis- 
tricts,  Baxter,  Drummond,  n.  168,  3rd  coll.  7i.  28\,  Oldficld,  Maxwell.  Meissner  de- 
scribes  the  capsules  as  somewhat  tomcntosc  all  over  and  not  turgid  on  the  top ;  but  he 
had  probably  either  a  mismatched  fruit  or  a  distinct  variety  from  auy  I  have  seen,  for  I 
have  always  fouud  the  capsules  perfectly  glabrous,  and  more  deserving  the  character 
of  turgid  at  the  top  than  any  other  species. 

VOL.  V.  N  N 


546  Civ.   PROTEACEJE.  [BauJisia. 

4.  B.  sphserocarpa,  /?.  Br.  in  Tratis.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  203,  Prod.  391. 
A  slirub  of  3  or  4  ft.,  minutely  silvery  or  lioary-tomentose.  Leaves 
linear,  ol)tuse  or  scarcely  mucronate,  with  closely  revolute  entire  mar- 
g-ins,  under  1  in.  long-  in  tlie  typical  specimens,  in  otliers  2  to  3  in.  long. 
Spikes  globular  or  nearly  so,  2  to  3  in.  diameter.  Perianth  silky,  vary- 
ing-from  a  little  above  lin.  to  fully  li  in.  long,  tlie  limb  narrow,  obtuse. 
Style  longer  than  the  perianth,  hooked,  with  a  small  cyhndrical  stig-- 
matic  end.  Fruiting-  cone  globuhir,  dense  ;  capsides  slightly  prominent, 
g-hdjrous,  thick,  with  a  prominent  ridg-e  at  the  suture,  nearly  1  in.  broad 
whcn  perfect. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  581,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  452 ; 
B.  pinijhlia,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  453. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  E.  Brown,  Baxter,  and  others,  and  thence 
to  Swan  river,  Drummond,  n.  99,  100,  \st  coll.  n.  648,  649,  2nd  coll.  n.  336,  Prtiss,  n. 
486,487,494,497,  and  others  ;  Miirchison  river,  OlJjield ;  letween  Moore  and  Mur- 
chison  rivers,  Drummond,  <dth  coll.  n.  199. 

Some  of  the  northern  specimens,  which  constitute  the  ^.j>itt//bZia,  have  larger  flower- 
heads  and  tiowers  and  longer  leaves,  and  a  fruit  of  Drumniond's  which,  Irom  his  notes, 
may  beiong  to  this  B.  pinifolia  is  also  mnch  htrger,  with  inore  prominent  and  thinner 
capsules.  Other  specimens  from  the  same  district  have  preciseiy  the  flowers  of  the 
common  form.  In  some  specimens  the  bracts  have  conical  tomentose  tips,  in  others 
they  are  quite  flat.  It  is  possible  thcrefore  tbat  two  species  may  be  here  con- 
founded,  but  the  specimens  are  insuflicient  for  tlieir  distinction. 

Var.  fflabrescens,  Meissn.  Flower-hcads  and  flowers  smaller,  not  so  villous,  tlie 
fiilvous  liairs  of  the  bracts  not  so  prominent. — W.  Australia,  Drummond,  lnd  coll.  n. 
337. 

Var.  Zai//b/^a,  F.  MuelL  Leaves  short,  1  to  l^  lines  broad.  Flowers  hirge,  sillcy- 
villous  with  long  rather  loose  hairs. — Perongerup  Eange,  Maxicell. 

6.  B.  tricuspis,  JRissn.  in  Hooli.  Ketv  Journ.  vii.  118,  atid  iti  BC. 
Prod.  xiv.  453.  liranches  rather  slender,  gdabrous  or  very  shghtly  hoary. 
Leaves  narrow-linear,  truucate  or  ahiiost  notched,  Avith  a  small  callous 
point,  the  marg-ins  entire  and  closely  revolute,  2  to  4  in.  long-.  Spikes 
oblong--cylindrical,  5  to  0  in.  long-.  Bracts  obtuse,  fiilvous-villous. 
Perianths  silky-villous  but  all  withered  and  revolute  in  our  specimens. 
Style  above  \h  in.  long-,  hooked,  with  a  very  small  ovoid  stig-matic  end. 
Fruiting"  cone  with  very  closely  imbri(;;te  obtuse  bracts ;  capsules  very 
prominent,  not  thick,  becoming  g'labrbus,  9  to  10  lines  broad. 

^V.  Australia.  Mount  Lesueur  and  Gardner's  Eange,  Drummond,  dth  coll.  v. 
205. 

G.  B.  occidentalis,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  204,  Prod.  392. 
An  erect  shrub  of  4  or  5  ft.,  the  branches  g-labrous  or  minutely  hoary. 
Leaves  linear,  truncate  notched  or  3-toothed  at  the  end,  otherwise  en- 
tire  or  with  a  few  small  teeth  towards  the  end,  the  margins  recurved 
only,  showing-the  white  under  surface  and  prominent  midrib,  2  to  4  in. 
long".  Spikes  from  ovoid  and  3  in.  to  cylindrical  and  twice  as  long". 
Bracts  with  small  glabrous  tips.  Perianth  silky-villous,  about  f  in. 
long,  the  limb  narrow.  Ovary  villous ;  style  about  1  in.  long-,  hooked, 
the  stig-matic  end  scarcely  distinct.  Fruiting-  cone  tomentose  with  the 
closely  packod  bracts  ;  capsules  prominent,  not  very  thick,  rounded, 
tojnentose-villous,  becoming  glabrous  at  the  suture,  about  f  in.  broad. 


Banksia.\  civ.  proteace^i;.  547 

— Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  o8i?,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  454,  Bot.  Mag-.  t. 
3535;  Lindl.  and  Paxt.  Mag-.  i.  t.  35,  copied  into  Flora  des  Serres  vi. 
63G,  and  into  Lem.  Fl.  Jard.  t.  119. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  B.  Brown,  Baxter, 
Drummond,  '6rd  coll.  n.  283,  Freiss,  n.  491,  and  otiiers. 

7.  B.  littoralis,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  204,  Prod.  392.  A 
tree  of  20  to  40  tt.,  tlie  branclies  closely  tomentose.  Leaves  scattered 
or  irreg-ularly  wliorled,  linear,  broadly  and  distantly  serrate  or  rarely 
entire,  tapering"  into  a  petiole,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  tlie  margins  recurved  or 
nearly  llat,  tlie  under  siuface  hoary-tomentose  or  white.  Spikes  oblong' 
or  cyhndrical,  G  to  10  in.  long-.  Bracts  truncate  and  tomentose  at  the 
end.  Perianth  silky,  nearly  1  in.  long-.  Style  rather  long-er  than  the 
perianth,  remaining-  hooked,  with  a  very  small  ovoid  stigmatic  end. 
Fruiting-  cones  tomentose  with  the  closely  packed  bracts  after  the 
perianths  liave  fallen  away ;  capsules  shortly  protruding-,  rounded,  not 
thick,  tomentose,  |  to  |  in.  broad. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  583,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  454. 

W.  Australia.  King  George"s  Soiind  and  adjoining  districts,  B.  Brown,  Fraser, 
Drummond,  n.  109,  \st  coll.  n.  647,  Freiss,  n.  479,  496,  Oldjield,  Maxivell,  F.  Mueller. 
"Very  near  in  many  respects  to  the  eastern  B.  collina,  but  at  once  distinguished  by  the 
long  leaves. 

8.  B.  ericifolia,  Linn.  f.  Suppl.  127.  A  tall  shrub  or  small  treo 
of  12  to  14  ft.,  g-labrous  except  the  inHorescence.  Leaves  crowded, 
narrow-linear,  truncate  or  notched  at  the  end  and  sometimes  with  an 
intermediate  point,  otherwise  entire  with  closely  revolute  marg-ins, 
rarely  exceeding-  ^  in.  Spikes  cyHndrical,  G  to  10  in.  long*.  Bracts 
with  broad  shortly  acuminate  silky-pubescent  tips.  Perianth  yellow, 
silkv,  the  tube  about  |  in.  long-,  the  limb  ovoid.  Style  about  1  in.  long-, 
hooked,  with  a  very  short  thick  stig-niatic  end.  Fruiting-  cones  long- 
and  cylindrical.  Capsules  scarcely  protruding-,  villous  but  often  be- 
coming  glabrous,  the  ilat  top  f  to  1  in.  broad  and  4  or  5  lines  thick. — 
R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  203,  Prod.  391 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  453 ;  Cav.  Ic.  vi.  t.  538 ;  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  156 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t, 
738 ;  Baill.  Hist.  Pl.  ii.  393,  f.  227  to  229. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Port  Jackson,  B.  Brown,  Sieber,  n.  7,  and  many  olhers ;  Hastings 
river,  Beckler. 

9.  B.  spintilosa,  Sm.  Spccim.  Bot.  N.  HoU.  13,  t.  4.  A  tall  shrub, 
g-hibrous  or  the  young-  branches  minutely  pubescent.  Leaves  narrow- 
linear,  notched  at  the  end  with  a  prominent  point  in  the  notch  and 
often  bordered  towards  the  end  with  2  or  3  small  teeth  on  each  side, 
otherwise  entire,  with  revolute  margins  and  the  midrib  prominent 
underneatli,  li  to  3  in.  long-.  Spikes  ovoid  and  2  to  3  in.  long-,  or 
rarely  cvlindrical  and  twice  as  long*.  Bracts  with  broad  shortly  acu- 
minate  silky-pubescent  tips.     Flowers  yellow,  hirg-er  than  in  B.  trici- 

folia.     Perianth  silky,  the  tube  nearly  1  in.  long-.     Style  l^  to  l^  in. 
long",   often  purple,  with  a  very  short  stig-matic  end  not  thicker  than 

>'  N  2 


548  civ.   PUOTEACE^.  [Bimlisia. 

tlie  style.  Fruiting*  cone  cylinilriciil.  Capsules  scarcely  protruding", 
glabrous,  thick,  smootli. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  203,  Prod. 
392  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  453  ;  Cav.  Ic.  t.  537  ;  Andr.  Bot.  Rep. 
t.  457 ;  B.  denticulata,  Dum.  Cours,  (Meissn.). 

n.  S.  V/ales.  Port  Jackson,  B.  Broian,  Sieber,  n.  1,  WonUs,  and  many  others; 
near  r!iclininnd,  Wilhelmi ;  southward  to  Twofold  Bay,  F.  Mneller. 

10.  B.  collina,  I}.  Br.  i/i  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  204,  Prod.  392.  A  tall 
erect  slirub  attaining"  8  to  12  ft.,  the  young-  branches  tomentose  or 
villous.  Leaves  linear,  much  broader  than  in  B.  spinvlosa,  and  always 
showing'  the  white  under  surface,  the  marg-ins  only  slightly  recurved, 
more  or  less  denticulate  or  rarely  quite  entire,  \h  to  3  in.  long".  Spikes 
oblong-  or  cylindrical,  3  to  G  in.  long'.  Bracts  with  broad  flat  or  scarcely 
acuminate  ends.  Perianths  silky,  the  tube  above  1  in.  long-,  the  liml) 
narrow-ovoid.  Style  longer  than  the  perianth,  hooked,  with  avery  small 
stigmatic  end.  Fruiting  cone  cylindrical  like  that  of  B.  cricijolia  or 
long-er.  Capsules  thick  and  scarcely  protruding-  as  in  that  species  but 
quite  glabrous. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  454;  B.  lc/lijblia,  A.  Cunn. 
Herb. ;  B.  Cunninfilmmii,  Sieb.  in  Spreng'.  Syst.  Cur.  Post.  47,  and  in 
Eoem.  and  Schult.  Syst.  iii.  Mant.  289  ;  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  35 ;  Meissn. 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  454 ;  Reich.  Iconogr.  Exot.  t.  81 ;  B.  littoralis,  Lindl, 
Bot.  Reg-.  t.  1363,  Grah.  in  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3060,  not  of  R.  Br. ;  B.  pri- 
onophylla,  F.  MuelL  Ist  Gen.  Rep.  17  ;  B.  marginata  var.  vmcrostachya, 
Hort.  Petrop. 

Queensland.     Glasshouses,  Moreton  Bay,  C  3Ioore. 

N.  S.  VTales.  Huntcr's  river,  Calei/ ;  Blue  Moiintains?  Sieher,  n.  G;  western 
descent  of  tiie  Blue  Mountains,  A.  Cunninghani ;  NewEngland,  C.  Stuart ;  Eichinond, 
Clarence  and  Hastings  rivers,  Beckler ;  Sydney  woods,  Paris  Exhibition,  1855, 
M  'Arthur,  n.  2 1 5. 

Victoria,  Wilson's  Promontory,  Baxter ;  Sealer's  Cove  and  towards  Mount 
Ararat,  F.  Mueller ;  Upper  Yarra  river,  G.  Walter. 

Whcn  the  leaves  are  small  and  rather  broad,  they  are  somewhat  like  those  of  B. 
marginata,  but  the  species  is  readily  distinguished  by  the  large  flowers,  hooked  style 
and  thick  capsules. 

11.  B.  verticillata,  B.  Br.  in  Tr,nis.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  207,  Prod.  394. 
A  small  tree,  the  young-  branches  tumentose  and  sometimes  villous. 
Leaves  in  whorls  of  4  to  6  sometimes  irreg'ular  or  broken  on  luxuriant 
branches,  shortly  petiolate,  oblong--lanceolate  or  broadly  linear,  with 
recurved  margins,  white  underneath,  those  of  the  llowering'  stems  1|- 
to  3  in.  long",  obtuse,  entire  or  slig-htly  toothed,  but  in  some  specimens 
without  flowers  (Irom  yoimg-  trees  ?)  long-er,  narrower  and  n)ore  or  less 
serrate.  Spikes  oblong--cylindrical,  4  to  8  in.  long-.  Bracts  truncate 
or  very  shortly  acuminate  with  woolly-villous  ends.  Perianth  yellow, 
silky,  nearly  1  in.  long-.  Style  scarcely  long-er,  hooked,  with  a  very  small 
stigmatic  end.  Fruiting  cones  long-  and  narrow,  the  perianths  deciduous 
leaving-  the  closely  packed  bracts  in  lioary  areohe,  with  a  more  g-labrous 
centre,  or  with  slightly  ])rotruding-  flat  capsules,  |  to  |  in.  broad,  the 
valves  not  thickened. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i,  583,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  467  ;  Hook.  Exot.  Fl.  t.  96. 


Banksiu.]  civ.   proteace^.  «>« 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown,  Buxter,  Drummond,  n.  167 
(witli  snialier  tlowers),  Ath  coll.  n.  304,  Preiss,  n.  493,  495  (the  latter  a  barren  specimen 
with  denticulate  leaves). 

12.  B.  dryandroides,  Baxt.  in  Sn\  Fl.  Austrul.  t.  5G.  A  slirub  of 
2  or  3  ft.,  with  very  spreadino-  tomentose  branches.  Leaves  sessile,  3 
to  6  in.  lon<>-,  flexuose,  divided  nearly  or  quite  to  the  midrib  into 
numerous  contig-uous  triangular  lobes  or  seg'ments,  the  largest  of  which 
are  3  to  4  lines  long-  and  l)road,  thick,  with  revolute  margins,  white  or 
ferrug-inous-tomentose  underneath.  Spikes  g-lobular  or  rarely  ovoid, 
about  1-|  in.  diameter,  shortly  pedunculate,  more  lateral  than  in  most 
species.  Perianth-tube  silky-villous,  about  ^  in.  long-,  the  limb 
hirsute  with  long-er  deciduous  hairs,  about  1  line  long",  acute.  Style 
scarcely  long-er  than  the  perianth,  remaining-  hooked,  with  a  very  small 
almost  capitate  stig-matic  end.  Fruiting-  cone  globular,  about  2  in. 
diameter.  Capsules  protruding-,  rounded  at  the  end,  rather  flat,  f  in. 
broad,  at  first  villous,  at  length  g-labrous. — R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  36  j 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  588,  and  in.  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  465. 

W.  Australia.  Towards  Cape  Riche,  Drummond,  drd  coll.  n.  287,  Preiss,  n. 
490,  Jlaxivell ;  ^lonnt  Gavdner,  Baxter ;  sand  plains,  Kalgan  river,  Oldjield. 

13.  B.  Brownii,  Baxt.  in  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  37.  A  small  tree  of 
10  to  20  ft.  Leaves  very  shortly  petiolate,  3  to  5  in.  long-,  divided  to 
the  midrib  into  very  numerous  lanceolate  falcate  reg-ular  seg-ments,  the 
larg-est  scarcely  above  3  lines  long-,  with  recurved  marg-ins,  white  under- 
neath.  Spikes"oblong--cylindrical,  very  tliick,  6  to  8  in.  lon^.  Perianth 
silky-villous,  about  1  in.  long-,  the  limb  small  narrow  and  acute.  Style 
long-er  than  the  perianth,  hooked,  with  a  very  small  stig-matic  end. 
Fruiting-  cone  oblong-  or  cylindrical,  thick.  Capsules  protruding-, 
rounded,  not  thick,  shortly  villous  or  at  leng-th  g-labrous,  about  |  in. 
broad. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  588,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  465. 

W.  Australia.  TowardsCape  Riche,  Baxter,  Preiss,  n.  478,  Drummond,  5th  coll. 
n.  415. 

Sect.  2.  Cyrtostylis. — Leaves  flat  or  undulate,  the  marg-ins  not 
revolute,  toothed  pinnatifid  or  pinnate.  Style  arched  or  nearly  straig-ht 
and  turned  upwards  or  curved,  but  not  hooked  after  flowering-,  the 
stio'matic  end  small,  not  furrowed. 

The  foliage  is  that  of  Orthostylis,  but  the  style  less  rigid  and  erect,  and  the  stigmatic 
end  that  of  Oncostijlis  and  BubanJisia. 

14.  B.  attenuata,  R.  Br.  i/i  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  209,  Prod.  395. 
A  tree  of  40  ft.  with  tomentose  branches.  Leaves  linear  or  oblanceo- 
late,  serrate,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  3  to  5  lines 
broad  towards  the  end,  rather  thick,  flat,  hoary-tomentose  underneath 
with  transverse  veins  and  reticulations.  Spikes  cylindrical,  4  to  8  in. 
lon"-.  Bracts  densely  hirsute  at  tlie  eud.  Perianth  g-labrous,  the  tube 
about  \  in.,  the  limb  2  lines  long",  obtuse.  Style  remaining-  arched  but 
not  hooked,  with  a  small  slender  stig-matic  end.  Fruiting-  cone  thick. 
Capsule  scarcely  protrudinj^  from  the  remains  of  the  flowers,  villous, 


550  civ.   PROTEACEJE.  [Bunlixia. 

above  1  in.  broad  and  h  in.  thick,  showino-  the  scar  or  evon  the  base  of 
the  style  on  the  rig-ht-hand  marg-in. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  264,  and 
in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  458  ;  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vii.  55  ;  B.  eyUndrostachya, 
Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  34;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  583,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  455. 

TV.  Australia.  Kins:  George'8  Sound,  R.  Broum ;  Stiiling  Eange,  F.  Mueller ; 
thence  to  Swan  river,  Frasir,  Drummond,  Ist  co'l.  fiiippl.  n.  114,  3rd  coll.  n.  286, 
Preiss,  n.  475  ;  Serpeutine  anJ  Murcliison  rivers,  Oldjield. 

15.  B.  media,  It.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  35.  A  tall  shnib  or  small  troe,  the 
branchos  hoary-tomentose.  Leaveslanceohite-cuneate,  truncate,  serrate, 
tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  2  to  3  in.  long*  in  some  specimens,  twice 
as  long-  in  others,  |-  to  |  in,  broad,  flat,  tomentose  underneath  with 
parallel  transverse  veins  and  reticuhite  between  them.  Spikes  oblong* 
or  cyhndrical,  3  to  6  in.  long*.  Bracts  hirsute  at  the  end.  Perianth 
about  1  in.  long*,  the  tube  shortly  silky-pubescent,  the  limb  at  first 
pubescont  but  soon  becoming-  g-labrous.  Fruiting-  cone  thick.  Capsules 
imraersed  in  tho  persistent  remains  of  the  iiowors,  nearly  g-labrous. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  45? ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3120. 

^V.  Australia.  Lnrky  Bay,  Point  j\Ialcolm,  to  Cape  Arid,  Baxler ;  interior  from 
Cape  Riche,  Gardner,  Fitzgerald  and  Philiips  Rangcs,  and  away  to  thc  eastward, 
Maxwell. 

16.  B.  Solandri,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  36.  A  tree,  with  tomentose 
branches.  Leaves  on  rather  long-  petioles,  oblong-,  truncate,  more  or 
less  divided  into  irreg-ular  triang-ular  lobes  very  rarely  reaching"  the  mid- 
rib,  6  to  8  in.  long-,  l^  to  4  in.  broad,  flat,  very  rigid,  the  under  surface 
pale  and  sometimes  white,  with  numerous  prominent  transverse  veins 
and  conspicuous  reticulations.  Spikes  oblong-  or  cyhndrical,  3  to  8  in. 
long".  Perianths  very  slender,  searcely  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  loosely 
silky-hairy,  tlie  Hmb  narrow,  acute,  ghibrous  or  with  a  very  few  long* 
fino  hairs.  Style  remaining-  curved  but  not  hooked,  with  a  small  very 
short  stigmatic  end.  Fruiting-  cone  ovoid  or  oblong-,  2  in.  diameter. 
Capsules  quite  g-hibrous,  thick  with  a  slig-htly  prominent  acute  ridg-e  at 
the  suture. — Moissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  4()3 ;  B.  Ilooltcri,  Drumm.  in 
Bot.  Mag-.  Ixxiv.  Comp.  1. 

W.  Australia.  Monritains  near  King  Genrge's  ^onnA,  Baxttr ;  summit  of  Mon- 
gerup,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  305  ;  Perongerup  ranges  and  sand  plains,  Kalsran  river. 
Oldfield. 

17.  B.  Goodii,  B.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  36.  Stems  short,  woolly  or  to- 
mentose,  and  apparently  prostrate  as  in  the  three  following-  species,  but 
without  loaves  oxcopting-  close  under  the  infloroscence.  Leaves  on  long' 
petioles,  i  to  1  ft.  long,  1  to  3  in.  l)road,  sinmite  andirrog-ularly  tootlied 
or  lobod  but  the  lobes  rarely  reaching-halfway  to  the  miclrib  andusually 
very  short,  vory  rigid,  the  Undor  surface  tomontose  but  the  tomontum 
dcciduous  and  novor  white,  the  primary  transverse  voins  prominent. 
Spikes  obk)ng-cyHndrical,  3  or  4  in.  long-,  closely  surrounded  by  the 
floral  leaves  and  a  fow  subulate  phunose  outer  bracts.  Perianth-tube 
not  1  in.  long',  loosely  villous,  the  limb  narrow,  acute,  at  first  bearded 


Banksia.]  Civ.    PROTEACEiE.  551 

with  long-  hairs  but  soon  <j-hibrous.  Style  remaining-  curved  but  not 
hooked,  with  a  very  small  stig-matic  end. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
463 ;  B.  harhifjera,  Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  ii.  SOl,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
463. 

■W.  Australia.     King  Gcorge's  Sound  or  to  tlie  eastward,  Baxter,  Drummond,  3rd 

coll.  n.  290. 

18.  B.  petiolaris,  F.  Mitell.  Fragm.  iv.  109.  Stems  short,  pros- 
trate,  thick  and  tomentose.  Leaves  erect,  on  long-  petioles,  above  1  ft. 
lon^,  truncate,  sinuate  with  short  callous  teeth,  taperin^  at  the  base, 
about  1  in.  broad  tovvards  the  top,  flat  or  unduhite,  thick,  the  veins  con- 
cealed  on  the  under  surface  by  a  white  tomentum.  Spike  erect  as  in 
B.  rcpens,  cyhndrical,  5  in.  long-  in  the  specimen  before  me.  Perianth 
about  f  in.  long-,  the  tube  loosely  pubescent,  the  limb  nearly  2  lines 
long",  obtuse,  bearing-  long-er  more  deciduous  hairs.  Style  remaining 
curved,  with  a  very  small  stigmatic  end. 

W.  Australia.  Sand  plains,  Cape  Le  Grand  to  Cape  Arid,  llaxwell  (a  single 
specimen  in  Herb.  F.  jMueller).  Possibly  a  variety  of  B.  rejjens,  as  suggested  by  F. 
Mueller,  Fragm.  vii.  58. 

19.  B.  repens,  Lahill.  Voy.  i.  411,  t.  23.  Stems  short,  prostrate,  thick, 
densely  tomentose  or  woolly.  Leaves  erect,  on  long-  petioles,  often  a 
foot  long",  deeply  and  irreguharly  pinnatifid,  the  lobes  varying^  from 
lanceohite  or  falcate  entire  and  1  to  l^-  in.  long-  to  oblong-hmceolate  or 
somewhat  cuneate  entire  lobed  or  pinnatifid  and  1  to  4  in.  long-,  or  to 
short  broad  and  abnost  triang-ular,  all  thick  and  rigid,  flat  or  undulate, 
the  transverse  veins  prominent  underneath  and  sometimes  also  on  the 
upper  surface.  Spikes  turned  up  at  the  end  of  the  stems,  not  closely 
surrounded  by  leaves,  oblong-  or  cylindrical,  3  to  4  in.  long-.  Perianths 
about  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  pubescent  with  short  crisped  hairs,  the  limb 
recurved,  nearly  2  lines  long-,  obtuse,  villous  with  much  longer  crisped 
hairs  sometimes  deciduous.  Style  remaining-  curved  but  not  hooked, 
with  a  very  small  stiginatic  end. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  211, 
Prod.  396 ;  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  586,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  462 ; 
B.  jiolupodifoUa,  Knig-ht,  Prot.  113  ;  B.  MecJmifolia,  F.  MuelL  Frag-m. 
iv.  108 ;   B.  piiinatisecta,  F.  MuelL  Frag-m.  vii.  58  (name  only), 

■W.  Australia.  King  Geovge's  Sonnd  or  adjoining  districts,  Lahillardiere, 
Baxter,  Drum^nond,  Srd  coll.  n.  291,  Oldfield ;  sandy  plains  from  Stirling  Bange  to 
Young  river,  Maxwell. 

20.  B.prostrata,  B.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  36.  Stems  prostrate,  tomentose. 
Leaves  erect,  on  long  petioles,  often  above  1  ft.  long-  and  1  to  l^  in. 
broad,  divided  about  half  way  to  the  midrib  into  broad  ovate  or  trian- 
g-ular  mostly  obtuse  lobes,  thick  flat  and  rigid,  the  transverse  veins 
scarcely  prominent  even  on  the  under  surface.  Spikes  turned  up  at  the 
ends  of  the  stems  as  in  B.  repens,  not  closely  surrounded  by  leaves,  ob- 
lono"  or  cyhndrical,  rarely  above  3  in.  long.  Perianth  scarcely  above 
I  in.  long,  the  tube  loosely  liirsute,  the  limb  recurvccL  narrow,  obtuse, 
at  first  densely  bearded  witli  long-  crisped  and  intricate  ferruginous 


652  CIV.    PROTEACE^E.  [Bunksia, 

woollj  liairs,  but  soon  becominf;-  g-labrous.  Style  remaining"  curved 
but  not  hooked,  with  a  minutc  stig-matic  end.  Capsules  slightly  pro- 
minent,  tomentose-villous,  thick,  1  in.  broad. — Meissn  in  Pl.  Prciss.  i. 
587,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  4G2  ;  Bot.  Reg;.  t.  1572. 

TV.  Australia.  Sand  plairis,  King  George's  Soiuul  and  neiglibouring  districts, 
Baxtcr,  Drmnmond,  Zrd  coll.  n.  289,  Preiss,  n.  480,  aiid  several  othcrs. 

21.  B.  grandis,  WilhJ.  Spcc.  Pl.  i.  535.  A  tree  attaining-  about  40 
ft.,  the  branehes  tomentose.  Leaves  often  1  ft.  long-  or  more,  divided 
to  the  midrib  into  ovate-triang-iilar  contiguous  seg"ments,  the  larg-er  ones 
li  to  2  in.  long-  and  1  in.  broad  at  the  base,  the  lower  ones  gradually 
smaller,  all  flat,  with  several  primary  transverse  veins  impressed  above, 
prominent  underneath,  the  under  surface  pale,  reticuhite,  tomentose  in 
the  areolte.  Spike  cylindrical,  8  to  12  in.  long-.  Perianths  above  1  in. 
long-,  the  tube  loosely  villous,  the  limb  g-hibrous,  obtuse,  scarcely  1|^ 
lines  long".  Style  h)ng",  remaining*  curved  but  not  liooked,  with  a  small 
oblong-  stig-matic  end.  "  Capsules  g'labrous,  G  to  8  Hnes  broad." — R. 
Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  210,  Prod.  396 ;  Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i. 
587,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  4G4. 

IV.  Australia.  King  George's  Soiind,  R.  Brown,  Oldfield,  F.  Mveller ;  Cape 
Riche,  Preiss,  n.  474,  492  ;  Swan  river,  Drummond,  \st  coll.,  Ohljield.  The  ibliage  ia 
tiearly  that  oi  B.  Baxtori,  the  spikes  and  flowers  very  dilFerent. 

22.  B.  quercifolia,  li.  Br.  in  Tmns.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  210,  Prod.  39G. 
An  erect  slirub  of  5  or  G  ft.,  the  branches  and  foHag-e  g"hibrous.  Leaves 
sessile  or  nearly  so,  oblong--cuneate,  truncate,  deeplj  and  irreguhirly 
prickly-toothed  or  pinnatifid,  tapering-  to  the  base,  2  to  4  in,  long-,  Hat 
or  undulate,  tlie  transverse  veins  and  reticulations  more  or  less  con- 
spicuous  underneath.  Spikes  oblong--cylindrieal,  dense  but  rather  narrow, 
3  to  4  in.  long-.  Bracts  with  very  short  glabrous  tips.  Perianth-tube 
about  I  in.  long-,  ferruginous-villous,  the  limb  narrow,  reHexed,  2| 
lines  long-  with  an  awn-like  j)oint  at  least  as  long-,  pubescent  with 
shorter  hairs  than  the  tube.  Style  about  f  in.  long-,  remaining-  curved, 
with  a  small  very  narrow  stig-matic  end.  Caj^sules  rounded,  thick,  gla- 
brous  or  sliglitly  tomentose,  |  in.  broad. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  585, 
and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  462 ;  Bot.  Reg-.  t.  1430. 

W.  Australia.  Kiiig  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown,  Baa-ter,  Ilarvey,  Preiss,  n. 
489,  Oldfeld,  and  others.     The  ioliage  is  nearly  that  of  B.  Caleyi. 

Var.  integrifolta,  F.  Mnell.  Fragm.  vii.  57.  Leaves  cuneate,  truncate,  with  a  smail 
central  pungent  point,  entire  or  niinutely  2-  or  Stoothed.  Capsules  very  thick,  1  in. 
broad. — East  Mouut  13arreu  aud  Tulbinup,  Maxwell. 

23.  B.  Baueri,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  35.  Probably  arljorescent,  the 
branchcs  tomentose  or  nearly  glabrous.  Leaves  oblong--cuneate  or  al- 
most  lanceolate,  truncate,  sinuate-toothed,  very  shortly  petiolate,  mostly 
3  to  4  in.,  sometimes  5  in.  long-,  flat,  the  transverse  veins  prominent 
underneath  and  the  reticulations  conspicuous,  scarcely  tomentose, 
Spikes  very  thick  and  dense,  globular  or  oblong-,  G  to  8  in.  long-.  Bracts 
densely  villous  at  the  end.     Perianth-tube  pubescent,  the  limb  densely 


Banksia.l  civ.  proteace^.  653 

villous,  narrow,  abruptly  reflexed,  about  3  lines  lonp%  cndin»^'  in  a  plu- 
mose  awn-like  point  ot'  h  in.  or  more.  Stvle  rcmaininy  ctirved,  with 
a  narrow  acuti^  stii^^matic  end.  Capsules  concealod  among*  the  dense 
perianth-remains,  very  thick,  g-labrous,  smooth,  1}  to  \},  in.  broad. — 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  460;  F.  Muell.  Fraj>-m.  iv.  107. 

^V.  Australia.  Kins:  George's  Sound  or  the  rieiglibouring  districts,  Baxter, 
Drnmmond,  4th  coll.  n.  303.  The  long  fiue  points  to  tlie  peri;inth-hiuiin;e  foiming 
awn  like  ends  to  the  linib  before  it  opens,  are  quite  peculiar  to  thia  and  the  preceding 
species. 

Sect.  3.  EuBANKsiA. — Leavcs  linear-lanceolate  obh)ng*  or  cuneate, 
witli  recurved  or  revohite  entire  or  dentate  marg-ins,  white  underneath. 
Style  at  first  curved,  straig-ht  and  very  spreading*  or  rellexed  after  the 
perianth-hmb  has  opened,  the  stig"matic  end  very  small,  not  furrowed. 

The  tliree  species  here  inchided,  divided  into  many  more  by  R.  Brown,  Meissner  and 
others,  are  so  closely  allied  and  so  freqnently  connected  by  intermediates,  that  they 
might  ahiiost  be  considered  asvarieties  of  a  single  one. 

24.  B.  marginata,  Cav.  Anal.  Jlist.  Nat.  i.  227,  t.  13.  Ic.  vi.  29,  t. 
544.  Usually  a  bushy  slirub  of  10  to  15  ft.,  gTowing*  out  sometimes 
into  a  tree  of  considerable  size  or  sometimes  low  and  straggling"  or 
depressed,  the  branches  tomentose  or  villous.  Leaves  of  the  Howering" 
branches  very  shortly  petiohite,  oblong-  hmceolate  or  broadly  linear, 
obtuse  or  retuse,  usually  entire,  with  recurved  marg-ins,  1  to  2  in.  long", 
in  some  Howerless  branches  or  even  on  some  flowering*  specimens  some 
or  all  rather  hirger  and  more  or  less  serrate  wuth  short  rigid  or  prickly 
teeth,  all  very  white  underneath,  minutely  reticuhite,  without  any  or 
with  very  few  of  the  transverse  veins  of  B.  intcgrifolia.  Spikes  oblong-- 
cylindrical,  2  to  3  or  rarely  near  4  in.  long*,  or  in  the  dwarf  varieties 
sometimes  nearly  globuhir  and  small.  Bracts  tomentose  at  the  end. 
Perianths  silky,  7  to  8  hnes  long-.  Style  straiglitening-  after  the 
perianth-himinie  have  separated,  and  usually  very  spreading*  or 
reflexed,  with  a  small  slender  stiy-matic  end.  Fruitino-  cone  oblong-- 
cynndrical ;  capsules  prominent  above  the  closely  packed  bracts,  flat, 
not  thick,  rounded,  J  in.  broad,  at  first  pubescent  but  the  liairs  w-earing* 
oft'. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  204,  Prod.  392,  Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  455 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  1947  ;  B.  microstachya,  Cav.  Anal.  Hist. 
Nat.  i.  224,  Ic.  vi.  28,  t.  541  (specimens  with  serrate  leaves) ; 
B.  viarginata^  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  61,  and  B.  ohlonffijhlia,  Lodd. 
Bot.  Cab.  t.  241,  not  of  others  (both  with  serrate  leaves) ;  B. 
australis,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  206 ;  Prod.  393  ;  Meissn.  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  456 ;  Hook.  f.  FL  Tasm.  i.  329  ;  Bot.  Reg-.  t.  7S7  ;  B. 
depressa,  B.  patula  and  B.  visularis,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  205, 
200,  Prod.  393 ;  Meissn.  Lc.  456 ;  B.  Gunnii,  Meissn.  l.c. 

N.  S.  ^Vales.  Port  Jackson,  R.  Broion,  Sieber,  n.  8,  and  others ;  Berriuia  and 
Mudgee,  Woolls. 

Victoria.  Port  Philiip,  B.  Brovn ;  Waiiganatta  and  Dandenoag,  F.  Mitelkr; 
Melbourne,  Adamson ;  Glenelg  river,  liobcrtson. 


554  •  civ.   PROTEACE^.  [Bafiksia. 

Tasmania.  Port  nalrvniplo,  Dcrwcnt  rivo.r,  aml  Kins's  Island,  Ji.Brown.  Abun- 
(lant  tlinnidiont  tlie  island,  ascemling  to  3000  ft.,  /.  D.  JlooJcer. 

S.  Australia.  Port  Lincoln,  li.Brown;  Boston  Point,  Wilhelmi ;  near  Adclaide, 
Whittaler,  BlandovsJd ;  IMount  Barker  and  Cook's  Creek,  Neumann;  Kangaroo 
Island,   Watei'Jiouse. 

It  appears  from  R.  Brown"s  labcls  that  he  bad  originall}-  referred  all  his  southern 
Rpecimcns  to  B.  mnrpinatii,  and  the  characters  upon  wliich  he  afterwards  tlionght  he 
could  distinguish  four  southern  species,  faii  so  completcly  when  applied  to  the^  hvrge 
nuniber  of  specimens  we  now  possess  that  I  have  fclt  obhged  to  return  to  his  ori- 
ginal  vicws.  As  a  wholc  the  spccies  differs  from  B.  integrifolia  generally  in  the 
smaller  leaves  and  flowers  and  in  the  leaves  reticulate  only  without  transverse  veins. 
In  somc  specimcns  however  some  of  the  leaves  show  a  few  of  these  veins,  especiaiiy 
when  toothcd  there  is  olten  one  entering  into  each  tooth. 

B.  prcnmorsa,  Dum.  Cours.,  B.  ferrea,  VeTit.,  and  i?,  /ijrpofettca.  Hoffmsg.,  are  names 
ofgarden  pLints  which  have  been  referred  by  Meissncr  and  others  to  this  species. 
B.  mareesce».'^,  P.onpl.  .Tard.  Maim.  116,  t.  48,  appears  to  me  to  represent  the  toothed- 
leaved  state  of  Z?.  inarijinata,  and  not  tlie  truc  B.  marcescens,  Br. 

25.  B.  integrifolia,  Lin».  F.  Sitppl.  127.  A  tree  attaining-  some- 
times  a  considorable  size,  tlie  young-  branclies  closely  tomentose. 
Leaves  scattered,  sometimes  irreg-ularly  verticiUate,  oblong-  cuneate  or 
lanceolate,  quite  entire  or  irregularly  toothed,  tapering"  into  a  sbort 
petiole,  3  to  4  in.  long-  in  some  specimens,  twice  that  length  in  others, 
especially  the  nortliern  ones,  h  to  near  1  in.  broad,  white  underneath, 
Avith  numerous  transverse  veins  and  reticuhitions  not  very  prominent ; 
the  young'  shoots  are  also  sometimes  tomentose  or  villous  with  richly 
eoloured  fulvous  alraost  woolly  liairs  persisting'  on  the  under  side  till 
the  leaves  are  nearly  full  g-rown.  Spikes  oblong"  or  cylindrical,  3  to  G 
in.  long-.  Bracts  tomentose  at  the  end.  Perianth  usually  about  1  in. 
long-,  silkv.  Style  straightening-  after  the  perianth-himinte  have  sepa- 
rated  and  usually  very  spreading*  or  rellexed  as  in  B.  inaruinata. 
Fruiting-  cone  oblong",  cylindrical,  the  capsules  prominent  and  not 
thick,  as  in  that  species. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  206,  Prod. 
393 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  45(3 ;  Cav.  Ic.  vi.  t.  546  ;  Bot.  Mag-. 
t.  27rO;  B.  spicata,  G»rtn.  Fr.  i.  221,  t.  48;  B.  oleifoJia,  Cav.  Anal. 
Hist.  Nat.  i.  228,  t.  14,  Ic.  vi.  30,  t.  545 ;  B.  macrophyJJa,  Link.  Enum. 
Hort.  Berol.  i.  116;  B.  compar,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  207, 
Prod.  393  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  457. 

Queensland.     Keppel  Bay,  B.  Brown,   0\Shanes!/;  Brisbane  rivcr,  Moreton  Bay, 

A.  Cunvinr/ham,  F.  Mueller,  and  otliers  ;  Condamine  river,  Leichhardt ;  Mount  Archer, 
Bowman;  Kockhampton  and  Kockingham  Bay,  DallacJiy. — The  greater  number  of 
tliese  northcrn  speciinens  bave  remarkably  long  leavcs,  somctimes  8  to  10  in  long  and 
f  in.  wide,  and  constilute  the  B.  compar,  Br.  They  have  also  usually  rather  largev 
flowers,  but  neither  character  is  at  ail  conslant,  and  E.  Brown  had  himself  at  first  re- 
iVrrcd  his  sjiccinicns  to  B.  inter/rifolia. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Port  Jacksoii,  B.  Broiim,  Sieher,  n.  4,  and  many  others ;  north- 
ward  to  Ilaslings  rivcr,  BecJdcr ;  Richmond  river,  Fawcett ;  New  Enghmd,  C.  Stuart ; 
j\Iouiit  Lindsay,   W.  Hill;  southward  to  Twofold  Bay,  F.  MueUer. 

Victoria.     Scaler"s  Covc,  Port  Phillip,  Biighton,"  F.  Mueller. 

Var.  paludosa.  Flowers  scarcely  larger  than  in  B.  marginata,  the  peiianth  7  to  8 
lines  long,  bnt  the  leaves  of  one  of  the  common  short  lcavcd  fornis  of  B.  integrifolia. — 

B.  palvdosa,  R.  P>r.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  207  ;  Prod.  3!)4  ;  Meissn.inDC.  Prod.  xiv. 
457  ;  Bot.  Reg.  t.  697  ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  .392.—  Port  Jackson,  7/.  Broicn,  Sieber,  n.5. 
Distributed  aiso  from  the  Botanical  Garden,  St.  Pcteisbnr<:h  as  B.  integrifolia. 


Banhsia.]  CIV.   pnoTKACE.F..  005 

J5.  o/;/o);_7//bZ/a,  Ciiv.  Aiinl.  llist.  N;it  i.  225,  Ic.  vi.  t.  542  ;  I».  Dr.  in  Trans.  Linn. 
Soc.  X.  208,  "iVod.  39-4;  Meissn.  in  DO.  Protl.  xiv.  IGl,  appoars  to  lio  icfcnible  to  B. 
integrifolia,  tlie  specimcns  ot'  ISieher,  n.  5,  and  tVoni  Monnt  liindsay,  Fraxer,  liave  rather 
more  coriaceous  leavos  tlian  iisnal  with  the  transverse  veins  inoro  proniiiiont,  approacli- 
ing  in  some  decjrec  B-  (leiitata,  but  not  otherwise  distinpjnisliable  from  tlie  typical  B. 
integrifolia.  B.  glauca,  and  B.  salicifolia,  Cav.  Anal.  Hist.  Nat.  i.  2.30,  231,  lc.  vi.  31, 
B.  af^j^h^nifolia,  Salisb.  Prod.  51,  B.  cnveifolia  and  B.  rdicvlata,  Hofimsg.  iii  IJoeni. 
and  Stdiidt.  Syst.  iii.  Mant.  379  ;  Meissn.  in  1)C.  Prod.  xiv.  406,  Halcea  jJuhescens, 
Hort.  Cels.  in  Steud.  Nom.  Bot.  ed.  2,  are  garden  plants  wiiich  appear  to  have  been 
conoctly  referred  to  B.  integrifolia,  altiiough  several  of  tliem  liave  been  described  only 
as  to  their  foliage. 

20.  B.  dentata,  Lin».  F.  SuppL  127.     A  small  tree  of  15  to  20  ft. 

closely  allied  to  B.  oUonfiifoliu.  Leaves  sliortly  petiolate,  cimeate- 
oblong-,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  1  to  2  in.  broad,  irregularly  toothed,  the 
marg-ins  slig-htly  recurved,  white  underneath  with  the  primary  trans- 
verse  veins  more  prominent  than  in  B.  intcgrifoUa  and  not  so  white. 
Spikes  oblong-  or  cyHndrical,  usually  larg-er  than  in  B.  intq/rifolia  but 
the  ilowers  in  all  other  respects  as  well  as  the  fruits  entirely  those  of 
B.  intcfjrifolia.  Styles  about  l^  in.  long-,  becoraing-  straight,  with  a 
small  narrow  stigmatic  end. — R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  210,  Prod. 
396  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  462;  F.  Muell.  Frag-m.  vii.  57. 

N.  Australia.  Islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  B.  Brmvn  ;  Port  Hiird,  oppo- 
site  Melville  Island,  A.  Cunningham ;  Point  Pearce,  F.  Mueller ;  Glenelg  river,  N.W. 
coast,  Jlartin. 

Queensland.     Endeavour  river,  Banls  and  Solander,  A.  Cunningham. 

Sect.  4.  Orthostylis. — Leaves  flat  or  tmdulate,  regnilarly  or 
rarely  irregularly  serrate  pinnatifid  or  pinnate,  with  short  lobes  or  seg'- 
ments.  Perianth  straight  or  the  hmb  rarely  reHexed.  Style  after  the 
perianth  limb  has  opened  curvedupwards  at  the  base  only,  then  straig-ht 
rig-id  and  erect,  the  stig-matic  end  prominently  angled  and  furrowed  or 
striate. 

The  foliage  is  tliat  of  Cyrtostylis,  but  the  regular  rigid  erect  often  almost  imbricate 
styles  give  the  cones  after  the  tlowers  have  opened  a  ditferent  aspect,  and  the  stigmatic 
ends  of  the  styles  are  well  marked.  A  few  species  have  the  styles  elegantly  curved 
before  tliey  are  set  free  from  the  perianth-limb,  and  B.  latifolia  in  its  flowers  and  styles 
is  almost  intermediate  between  Euhanlcsia  and  Orthostylii. 

27.  B.  latifolia,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  208,  Prod.  394.  A 
low  but  stout  shrub,  the  branches  densely  tomentose.  Leaves  shortly 
petiolate,  obovate-oblong-,  often  truncate,  irreg-ularly  serrate  with  short 
usually  prickly  teeth,  contracted  at  the  base,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  l^  to  3  iu. 
broad,  flat,  minutely  tomentose  but  not  white  underneatli,  witli  promi- 
nent  transverse  veins  and  reticukitions.  Spikes  oblong-cylindrical, 
3  to  5  in.  long'.  Perianth  slender,  about  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  shortly 
silkv-pubescent,  the  lind)  glabrous,  narrow,  acute,  scarcely  2  lines  long-. 
Stvle  becoming'  straight  and  spreading*  as  in  Euhanlma,  with  a  very 
sniall  stigmatic  end.  .  Fruiting-  cones  hirg-e  and  thick ;  capsules  villous, 
not  thick,  protruding",  about  G  or  7  lines  diameter. — Meissn.  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  460 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  2406 ;  B.  rohir,  Cav.  AnaL  Hist.  Nat.  i. 


666  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [Bauksia. 

226,  Ic.  vi.  29,  t.  043 ;  B.  unciijcra  and  B.  diUcnifffolia,  Knight,  Prot. 
112,113;  B.foigifolia  Hoffinso-.  :  Roem.  and  Schult.  S^-st.  iii.  Mant. 
379  (Meissn.). 

Queensland.     Moreton  Bay,  W.  IJill,  F.  Mueller. 

N.  S.  TVales.  Marshes  about  Port  Jackson,  li.  Brown,  A.  Ctinningham,  Leich- 
hardt;  Hastings  river,  Beclder. 

28.  B.  serrata,  JJnn.  f.  Suppl.  12G.  A  tree,  the  yoimo-  shoots  to- 
mentose  or  villous  and  sometimes  densely  so  with  richly  coloured 
ferrug-inous  very  deciduotis  hairs.  Leaves  ohlong-lanceolate,  acute  or 
truncate,  regularly  and  deeply  serrate,  tapering-  into  a  petiole,  3  to  6  in. 
long-,  I  to  1  in.  wide,  coriaceous,  flat,  hoary  or  rarely  white  under- 
neath,  with  parallel  transverse  veins.  Spikes  ohlong--cylindrical  or 
rarely  g-lohular,  3  to  G  in.  long-,  very  thick.  Perianth  shortly  silk}',  the 
tuhe  ahove  1  in.  long-,  the  lamina?  narrow,  acuminate,  nearly  3  lines 
long-,  the  silky  liairs  long-er  than  those  of  tlie  tuhe.  Style  at  leng-th 
straig-lit,  with  a  cylindrical  somewhat  furrowed  stig-matic  end,  ahout  h 
line  long  and  tliickened  at  the  hase.  Capsules  very  prominent,  tomen- 
tose,  thick  and  Iiard,  ohliquely  rounded  or  ovate,  ahove  1  in.  hroad. — 
K.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Socl  x.  209,  Prod.  395  ;  Srn.  in  White,  Yov. 
223,  t.  18  to  20;  Meissn.  in.  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  461;  F.  Muell.  Fragm. 
vii.  66 ;  Andr.  Cot.  Rep.  t.  82 ;  B.  conchifcra,  Gwrtn.  Fr.  i.  221,  t.  48 ; 
B.  miti.^,  Knight,  Prot.  112;  B.  dcntata,  Wendl.  Hort.  Herrenh.  t.  8; 
B.  viedia,  Hook.  f.  Fl.  Tasm.  i.  329,  not  of  R.  Br. 

N.  S.  \^ales.  Botany  Bay,  Banks  and  Solander ;  Port  Jackson,  A.  Cunning- 
ham,  also  according  to  Meissner,  Sieber,  n.  2,  partly. 

Victoria.     Port  Albert,  F.  Mueller  (I  bave  not  seen  tbe  specimens). 

Tasmania.  N.  coast  on  two  hilis  called  tlie  Sisters,  between  Rocky  and  Table 
Capes,  Bachhovse,  (Junn. 

The  plant  fin;iired  by  Cavanilles  as  B.  serrata  appears  to  be  rather  B.  cemula;  Bail- 
lon's  figure,  Hist.  Pl.  ii.  394,  f.  230,  is  most  probably  taken  from  B.  attenuata. 

29.  B.  semula,  B.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  210.  Prod.  395.  A 
shruh  very  closely  allied  to  B.  scrrata  and  ditHcuIt  to  disting-uish  from 
it  except  b}-  tlie  stig-matic  end  of  the  style  which  is  very  much  shorter 
and  ovoid.  The  tiowers  are  also  said  to  be  of  a  yellowisli  g-reen  without 
the  hluish  g-rey  ting-e  of  B.  serrata.  The  spikes  are  usually  not  so  thick, 
the  foIiag'e  precisely  the  same,  Capsules  at  least  as  larg^e  as  in  B.  ser- 
rata,  the  tomentum  easily  wearing-  otf. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  461 ; 
Bot.  Mag-.  t.  2671 ;  Bot.  Reg-.  t.  688 ;  B.  scrrata,  Cav.  Ic.  vi.  27,  t. 
540,  not  of  Linn.  f. ;  B.  serratifolia,  Salisb.  Prod.  51  or  ^.  serrcefolia, 
Knigbt,  Prot.  112  (i?.  Br);  B.  elatior,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x. 
209,  Prod.  395 ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  458 ;  B.  wMata,  Lindl. 
Bot.  Reg-.  t.  1316. 

Queensland.  Sandy  Cape,  i?.  Brown ;  Stradbrooke  Island,  Moreton  Bay,  A.  Cun- 
viiighatit.  J  havc  not  seen  P>rown's  own  speciniens  oi  B.  eJatior,  which  have  been  mis- 
laid,  but  there  seenis  no  doubt  that  Cuniiiiighani  was  riglit  in  his  identification. 

N.  S.  'Wales.  Port  Jackson,  Ji.  Brown,  Sieher,  n.  2  (our  specimens  at  least),  and 
othcrs;  Hastings  river,  Becl.ler ;  Twofold  Bay,  L.  Mortun^  (lcaves  ouly). 

Victoria.     Gijips'  Land,  F.  Jludler. 


Bnnli.vn.]  CIV.    PIIOTEACE^^E.  557 


30.  B.  ornata,  F.  MacU.  Mcissn.  in  Linnrea  xxvi.  352,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  400.  A  slirub  of  5  or  0  ft.,  the  branches  densely  hirsute. 
Leaves  oblony-cuneate,  inosth''  truneate,  reg-ularl}-  serrate,  tapering'  into 
a  short  petiole,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  ^  to  |  in.  broad,  Hat,  tlie  transverse 
veins  prominent  underneath.  Spikes  g-lobular  or  oblong-ovoid,  2  to 
4  in.  long'.  Bracts  obtuse,  villous.  Perianth  slender,  villous  with 
spreading"  hairs,  1  to  l^  in.  long",  the  limb  narrow,  3  lines  long\  Style 
curved  upvvards  from  the  base,  then  becoming-  straight,  stig-inatic  end 
narrow,  furrowed.  Fruiting-  cone  ovoid ;  capsules  prominent,  very 
thick,  tomentose-villous,  fully  f  in.  broad. — F.  Muell.  Fragm.  vii.  50. 

Victoria.     N. W.  districts,  Z/.  il/orio»  ;   Wimmera,  Z>aZZac/«//. 

S.  Australia.  Eiicouuter  Bay,  Mhittaker;  Onkaparinga  river  auJ  towards 
Guiclnu  Bay,  F.  Mueller. 

31.  B.  COCCinea,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  207,  Prud.  394. 
An  erect  shrub  attaining-  12  to  15  ft.,  the  branches  densely  tomentose, 
with  a  few  long-  spreading-  hairs  often  intermixed.  Leaves  sessile  or 
very  shortly  petiolate,  from  broadly  oblong-  or  obovate  to  almost  orbi- 
cular  or  broader  than  long',  truncate  or  retuse,  oftencordate  atthe  base, 
bordered  by  small  irreg-ular  prickly  teeth,  l^  to  2|-  in.  long-,  llat,  rig-id, 
prominently  penniveined  and  reticulate  underneath.  Spikes  g'lobular, 
about  2  in.  diameter,  the  flowers  reg-ularly  imbricate  in  vertical  (not 
spiral)  rows,  the  tubes  of  those  of  each  pair  opening-  inwards  for  tlie 
emission  of  the  style  of  whicli  tlie  end  is  retained  in  the  reflexed  limb, 
the  spike  tlius  long-  remaining-  eleg-antly  striped  by  doidjle  rows  of  arclied 
richly  coloured  red  styles  alternating-  witli  double  rows  of  villous  pe- 
rianths.  Each  perianth  about  1  in.  long*  with  a  limb  of  about  2  lines. 
When  at  length  liberated  the  st^de  straig-htens ;  bearing  a  stig-matic 
end  of  about  |  line,  furrowed,  with  a  prominent  rim  round  its  base. 
Fruiting"  cone  after  the  fall  of  tlie  perianths  ovoid,  1  to  \h  in.  diameter, 
tomentose-villous ;  capsules  very  sinall  thin  and  scarcely  protruding-,  4 
or  rarely  5  lines  broad. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  585.  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  459  ;  Bauer,  IUustr.  t.  3. 

^V.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  and  adjolning  districts,  R.  Brown,  Drum- 
mond,  Srd  coll.  n.  284,  Preiss,  n.  481,  and  many  others. 

32.  B.  sceptrum,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Jovrn.  vii.  120,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  459.  A  tall  shrub  or  small  tree  of  10  to  15  ft.,  with  thick 
closely  tomentose  branches.  Leaves  petiolate,  oblong*  truncate,  shortly 
sinuate-tootlied,  1|  to  2|  in.  long-,  ilat,  rig-id,  transversely  veined  and 
reticulate  underneath.  Spike  oblong--cylindrical,  tliick  and  dense,  0  to 
8  in.  long",  the  curved  styles  protruding-  before  tlie  perianth-limb  opens, 
alternating-  in  sing-le  rows  with  the  perianths.  Perianth  silky-villous, 
the  tube  h  in.,  the  oblus-^  limb  4  or  5  lines  long".  Style  after  it  is  set 
free  from  theperianth  straig-htor  liexuose,  much  long-er  tlian  the  perianth, 
with  a  thick  furrowed  stig-matic  end  of  l^  to  2  lines.  Capsules  pro- 
niinent,  very  thick,  varieg-ated  and  liirsute,  often  1  in.  broad. 

MT.  Australia.  Hutt  rivcr,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  20f> :  Munhisnn  river 
Oldjield. 


558  civ.  PHOTEACE^.  [Banlisia. 

33.  B.  Menziesii,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  30.  A  tree  of  30  to  40  ft.,  the 
branches  thick  and  tomentose.  Leaves  shortly  petioLate,  6  in.  to  1  ft. 
long-,  I  to  1  in.  wide,  truncate,  bordered  bv  short  broad  teeth,  more 
or  less  ferrug-inous-tomentose  underneath  with  numerous  parallel  trans- 
verse  veins.  Spikes  tliick,  oblong-,  4  to  5  in.  long-.  Bracts  with  broad 
obtuse  tomentose  pale  coloured  ends  surrounded  by  the  deeply  coloured 
woolly  hairs  of  the  sides,  marking-  the  spike  both  in  bud  and  after  the 
perianths  have  fallen  with  a  lozeng-e-shaped  pattern  in  numerous  spiral 
rows.  Perianth-tube  about  1  in.  long-,  silky-pubescent,  the  Hmb  erect, 
villous  with  long-er  hairs,  about  3  Hnes  long-.  Style  incurved  at  the 
base,  then  erect  and  straig-ht,  with  a  furrowed  stigmatic  end  about  1  to 
\h  lines  long".  Capsules  very  prominent,  oblique,  thick,  tomentose. — 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  584,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  459. 

\ir.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Collle,  Drummond,  Isi  coll.,  Preiss,  n.  477;  MurcLi- 
Bon  river,  Oldfidd. 

34.  B.  laevigata,  il/r/.s.w.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  458.  A  shrub?  with 
tomentose  branches.  Leaves  hnear-cuneate,  truncate,  serrate,  con- 
tracted  into  a  short  petiole,  2  to  4  in.  long-,  thick,  tlat,  with  the  trans- 
verse  veins  very  fine  and  slig-htly  impressed  underneath.  Spikes 
g-lobidar,  resembling-  those  of  B.  ornnta,  2  to  3  in.  diameter.  Perianths 
incurved  at  the  base,  erect,  hirsute  with  spreading-  hairs,  scarcely  1  in. 
long-,  the  narrow  limb  about  1|  Hnes  long*.  Style  slender,  incurved, 
with  a  smaU  narrow  sHghtly  furrowed  stig-matic  end.  Fruiting-  cone 
g'lobuhir,  about  3  in.  diameter ;  capsules  slig-htly  prominent,  rounded, 
thick,  viilous,  about  J  in.  broad. 

W.  Australia.  Between  Swan  river  and  Cape  Riche,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  n. 
414,  or  in  some  herbaria,  415  ;  East  Mount  JJarren,  Jlaxwtll. 

35.  B.  Hookeriana,  Meissn.  in  Iluok.  Keiv  Jonni.  vii.  119,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  458.  A  shrub  of  5  or  6  ft.,  with  densely  tomentose 
branches.  Leaves  Hnear-cuneate,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  4  to  5  Hnes  broad 
near  the  end,  tapering"  into  a  short  petiole,  divided  nearly  half-way  to 
the  midrib  into  numerous  lji"oadly  triangular  teetli  or  lobes,  minutely 
tomentose  underneath,  the  veins  inconspicuous.  Spikes  oblong-,  very 
thick,  4  to  5  in.  long*.  Perianth  curved  upwards,  nearly  1|  in.  long-, 
the  Hinb  about  3  lines  long-,  densely  hirsute  with  long  spreading-  hairs. 
Style  rigid,  incurved  at  the  base,  then  erect  and  straig-ht,  with  a  slender 
furrowcd  stigniatic  end. 

TV.  Australia.  Betweea  Tea-tree  swamp  anJ  Irwin  river,  Drummond,  Gthcoll.  n. 
202. 

36.  B.  prionotes,  Lindl.  Swan  Piv.  App.  34.  A  tree  of  about  30 
ft.,  with  thick  toraentose  branches.  Leaves  8  in.  to  above  1  ft.  long-, 
^  to  1  in.  bruad,  truncate,  pinnatifid  witli  numerous  rather  regular 
lobes  not  reaching-  half-way  to  the  midrib,  broader  than  long-,  rounded, 
flat,  with  short  rigid  but  not  pung-ent  points,  the  transverse  veins 
numerous  and  rine,  visible  underneath  and  converging-  at  the  apex  of 
each  lobe.     Spikes  thick,  oblong-,  3  to  5  in.  long-.     Perianth  incurved 


Banltsiii.']  CIV,    PROTEACE.E.  659 

and  erect,  the  tube  nenrly  1  in.  long-,  villuus,  tlie  linil)  8  lines  long", 
very  densely  villous  with  spreaiHng-  hairs.  Style  riyid,  incurved  at  the 
base,  then  erect,  with  a  narruw  iurrowed  stiymatic  end  of  1  to  l^  Hnes. 
Fruitinji'  cones  after  the  fall  of  the  perianth-remains  showing-  the  pro- 
minent  conical  tomentose  ends  of  the  bracts ;  capsules  prominent, 
rounded,  rather  thick,  tomentose  or  shortly  villous,  about  |  in.  broad, 
the  hxteral  base  of  the  style  more  or  less  prominent. — Meissn.  in  PL 
Preiss.  i.  584,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  459. 

IV.  Australia.  Betwecii  Swan  river  and  King  George^s  Sound,  Drummond, 
Ist  cvlL,  ord  coU  71.  238,  Prciss,  n.  476,  Ilarvey;  Upper  Gardner  rivei-,  Ilassell ;  Mur- 
cliison  river,  Oldjidd. 

37.  B.  Victorise,  Mcis.m,  in  Iluuh.  Kcw  Journ.  vii.  110,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  404.  A  shrub  of  1:2  to  15  ft.,  nearh'-  aHied  to  B.  prionotes 
but  the  branches  more  hirsute,  the  leaves  divided  more  than  half- 
way  to  the  mi(h'ib  into  broad  triang"ular  acute  or  acuminate  lobes,  the 
larg-er  ones  fully  h  in.  long"  and  broad,  and  the  loose  ferrug-inous  avooI 
more  persistent  althoug-h  ultimately  deciduous.  Spike  of  B.  prionotesy 
but  the  outer  bracts  at  the  base  above  h,  inch  long-  and  plumose  with 
long"  hairs.  Perianth  rather  long-er  tlian  in  B.  prionotcs,  much  more 
villous,  especially  the  Hmb.  Style  the  same.  Capsules  more  promi- 
nent,  1  in.  broad,  densely  villous  Avith  purple  liairs. — Bot.  Mag-.  t. 
4906;  B.  spcciosa,  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg".  t.  1728,  not  of  R.  Br. 

W,  Australia.     Hutt  river,  Drummond,  6th  coll    n.  203  ;  Baker's  Well,  OJdfidd. 

38.  B.  speciosa,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  210,  Prod.  390.  A 
tall  shrub,  with  thick  tomentose  branches.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate, 
8  in.  to  above  1  ft,  long-,  divided  to  the  midrib  into  numerous  conti- 
g-uous  rounded  or  triang-ukir  shortly  acuminate  seg-ments,  the  hirg-er  ones 
f  in.  broad  at  the  base  and  nearly  as  long-,  diminishing-  towards  each 
end  of  the  leaf,  llat,  rigid,  retaining-  more  or  less  of  a  white  tomentum 
underneath,  with  numerous  transverse  converging-  veins,  Spikes  very 
thick,  oblong-,  4  to  5  in.  long-.  Perianths  incurved  upwards,  hirsute, 
the  tube  about  1  in.,  the  obtuse  hirsute  limb  about  2|  Hnes  long-. 
Style  incurved  at  the  base,  erect,  rigid,  hairy ;  stig-matic  end  stipitate 
and  tiirrowed. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  404 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3052 
(the  leaves  not  quite  correct)  ;  B.  grandidentuta,  Dum.  Cours  (Meissn). 

W.  Australia.     Lucky  Bay,  R.  Brown,  Ba.vter. 

39.  B.  Baxteri,  B.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  30.  A  tall  shrub,  the  branches 
g-labrous  or  hirsute  imder  the  spikes  with  long-  line  spreading-  hairs. 
Leaves  mostly  3  to  4  m.  long-,  divided  to  the  middle  into  ovate- 
triangular  acute  contiguous  segments,  the  hirg-er  ones  1  in.  long-  and 
f  in.  broad  at  the  base  but  mostly  smaller,  llat,  rig-id,  pale  or  whitish 
underneath  with  several  fine  and  faint  transverse  converg-ing-  veins. 
Spikes  globuhir,  2  to  3  in.  diameter,  the  outer  Hnear  bracts  pHimose 
with  long-  fine  hairs.  Perianths  hirsute  with  long-  fine  hairs,  1.',  in. 
long-,  the  linib  narrow,  acute  or  acuniinate,  about  4  Hnes  long-,  Stvle 
incurved  at  the  base,  erect,  thick  and  rigid,   densely  hairy,  the  stlg- 


560  civ.  PROTEACE^.  [Bunhsia. 

matic  end  narrow,  acute,  furrowed.  Capsules  prominent,  very  tliick 
and  woody,  l^  in.  broad. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  587,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  404. 

W.  Australia.  King  Geor2;e's  Sound  or  adjoining  districts,  Bavter,  Drummond, 
Ath  coll.  n.  306,  Prtiss,  n.  485,  Harvey ;  flat  samly  plains  irom  Stirling  Kange  to  Salt 
river,  Maxivell. 

40.  B.  marcescens,  7?.  Br.  in  Tmn.i.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  208,  Prod.  395.  A 
shrub  of  5  or  (i  ft.  tlie  branches  tomentose.  Leaves  petiohite,  oljlong-, 
truncate,  serrate,  ahnost  obtuse  at  the  base,  1  to  l^  in.  k)n<i-  and  about 
-^  in.  broad,  Hat,  minutely  tomentose  underneath  Avith  faint  transverse 
veins  and  reticulations.  S})ikes  oblong*  or  cyHndrical,  dense,  3  to  10  in. 
long-,  Hke  those  of  B.  mediu.  Bracts  tomentose  at  the  end.  Perianth 
purple,  ghdjrous,  scarcely  1  in.  long',  the  limb  narrow,  obtuse,  about  2 
lines  h)ng'.  Style  erect,  about  as  long-  as  tlie  perianth,  the  stig-matic 
end  short  and  sulcate.  Capsules  usually  buried  in  the  persistent  re- 
mains  of  the  tlowers,  rather  thick,  rounded,  about  |  in.  broad,  quite 
g-labrous  and  shining-  but  chagrined  with  raised  dots  or  tubercles. — 
Meissn.  in  Ph  Preiss.  i.  580,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  461  ;  Sw.  Fl. 
Austrah  1. 14  ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  2803  ;  B.  pramorsa,  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  258; 
B.  a.yjlrnijblin,  Knight,  Prot.  113,  not  of  Salisb.  (B.  Br.). 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  3Ienzies,  Baxter,  Drummond,  Zrd  coll.  n. 
285,  Preiss,  n.  484. 

Bonpland's  fignre  and  descripikm  of  jB.  nmrcescens,  Jard.  Malm.  116,  t.  48,  appear  to 
nie  to  represent  ratlier  one  of  the  garden  varieties  of  B.  marginata.  1  have  not  seen 
Preiss's  specimens  above  quotcd  from  Meissner. 

41.  B.  Lemanniana,  Mcissn.  in  DC.  Frod.  xiv.  402.  Branches  to- 
mentose  or  shortly  villous.  Leaves  petiolate,  obovate-oblong-,  less  trun- 
cate  than  in  most  species,  ahnost  reg'ularly  toothed,  cuneate  at  the  base, 
l^  to  3  in.  long-,  Hat,  loosely  tomentose  underneath  when  young-,  the 
transverse  veins  and  reticulations  visible  but  not  prominent.  Spikes 
globular  or  shortly  oblong",  very  thick,  3  to  4  in.  long".  Perianths  g'la- 
brous,  above  1  in.  long-,  the  narrow  obtuse  limb  about  4  lines.  Style 
slightly  curved,  erect,  the  stig-matic  end  long-  narrow  and  furrowed. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  4th  coll.  n.  302. 

42.  B.  Caleyi,  11.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  35.  A  low  shrub,  the  branches 
tomentose.  Leaves  oblong'-lanceolate  or  narrow-cuneate,  usually  tnm- 
cate,  sinuate  and  broadly  prickly-toothed  or  almost  pinnatifid,  tapering- 
into  a  short  petiole,  3  to  6  in.  long",  llat  or  undulate,  green  on  both 
sides,  finely  and  not  prominently  transversely  veined  and  reticulate  un- 
derneath.  Spikes  ovoid-oblong-  or  g-lobular,  2  to  3  in.  long".  Bracts 
obtuse,  densely  villous.  Perianths  nearly  1  in.  long%  qxiite  glabrous  or 
with  a  minute  and  scanty  pul)escence  on  the  tube,  the  limb  very  an- 
g-ular  and  obtuse,  about  4  lines  long-.  Style  incurved,  erect,  the  stig-- 
matic  end  long-  narrow  and  furrowed,  with  a  projecting-  rim  at  the  base. 
Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  402. 

VT.  Australia,  Baxter,  Drummond,  4th  coU.  n.  301. 


Banksia.]  civ.   niOTEACEiE.  661 

43.  B.  Lindleyana,  Mcissn.  in  ILioh.  Kc7v  Journ.  vii.  120,  andin  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  4;jr).  A  sliruli  of  3  or  4  ft.,  differing-  slig-litly  froni  B.  Caleyi 
in  the  narrower  serrate  leaves  and  tlie  tlowers  nsually  larg-er.  Young" 
shoots  tomentose  and  villous,  leafy  branches  hoar^^  or  almost  g-labrous. 
Leaves  linear-hinceolate,  serrate,  tapering-  into  a  short  petiole,  2  to  4 
in.  long-,  llat,  slig-htly  tomentose,  reticuhite  and  pitted  underneath. 
Spikes  ver}'  thick,  ovoid-g-lobuhir,  about  4  in.  long-.  Bracts  woolly- 
tomentose  witli  short  obtuse  points  j^rominent  above  the  bracteoles. 
Perianth  glabrous,  the  tube  uearly  1  in.  long-,  the  obtuse  angular  limb 
3  to  4  lines.  Stjde  incurved,  erect,  the  stig-matic  end  long-,  narrow 
and  furrowed. 

W.  Australia.     Murcliison  liver,  Oldfidd,  Drummond,  Qth  coll.  n.  204. 

44.  B.  elegans,  Mcis.m.  in  Hook.  Kcw  Journ.  vii.  119,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  465.  A  small  tree,  the  specimens  at  first  sig'ht  closely  resem- 
bling"  those  of  B.  CandoUcana,  the  leaves  of  the  same  size,  with  numerous 
broad  pung-ent-pointed  lobes,  but  divided  only  a  little  more  than  half 
way  to  the  midrib,  and  the  under  surface  pale  or  whitish  with  a  minute 
tomentum,  which  almost  conceals  the  veins,  the  smaller  reticulations 
quite  inconspicuous.  Spikes  giobuh\r,  larg-er  and  more  dense  than  in 
B.  Candolleana.  Perianth  straight,  full}-  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  minutely 
pubescent,  the  limb  narrow,  ghibrous,  fully  2  lines  long-.  Style  curved, 
erect,  the  stig-matic  end  fusiform  and  furrowed. 

W.  Australia.     Valley  of  the  Lakes,  Hill  river,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  200. 

45.  B.  CandoUeana,  ^fci.^isn.  in  Ilook.  Kcw  Journ.  vii.  118,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  4li5.  A  shrub  with  a  creeping-  imderground  trunk  and 
erect  leafy  stems  of  1  to  2  ft.,  the  ilowering-  ones  often  short  with  few 
leaves,  all  minutely  tomentose  or  giabrous.  Leaves  shortly  petiolate, 
often  1  ft.  long*  or  more,  divided  to  the  midrib  into  numerous  broad  ovate- 
triangular  contiguous  seg"ments,  the  larg-er  ones  scarcely  above  4  lines 
long-  and  broad,  all  pungent-pointed,  liat,  rigid,  strongiy  veined  and 
reticulate  underneath.  Spikes  ovoid-giobuhir,  not  surrounded  by  leaves, 
about  \\  in.  long*  without  the  perianths,  wiiich  are  not  so  dense  as  in 
most  species,  straig-ht,  about  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  slender,  minutely  pu- 
bescent  or  giabrous,  the  limb  oblong,  giabrous,  striate,  about  2  lines 
long".  Style  curved,  erect ;  stigmatic  end  fusiform,  sulcate.  Capsules 
very  prominent,  hard,  thick,  tomentose,  the  projecting-  portion  2  in. 
long-  and  \\  in.  broad,  wuth  a  small  hiteral  couical  beaK  or  persistent 
base  of  the  stjde. — F.  MuelL  Frag-m.  vii.  68. 

'W.  Australia.     Dundagaran  and  Hill  river,  Drummond,  dth  coU.  n.  201. 

Sect.  6.  IsosTYLis. — Spikes  reduced  to  depressed  g-lobular  heads. 
Perianth-limb  opening-  as  soon  as  the  limb,  the  style  straigiit,  not  longer 
than  the  perianth,  with  a  small  stig-matic  end. 

40.  B.  ilicifolia,  R.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  211,  Prod.  396,  Prot. 
Nov.  37.  A  tree  attaining-  from  20  to  40  ft.,  or  sometimes  remaining 
slirubby  and  8  to  10  ft.  hig'h,  the  branches  toraentose  and  often  hirsute 

VOL.  V.  o  o 


663  civ.   PROTEACE^E.  [Banksia. 

Avitbi  a  few  loug-  spreading  hairs.  Leaves  sliorth-  petiolate,  oval-oblong 
obo^-ate  or  cuneate,  truncate,  undulate  and  irregnilarly  prickly-toothed 
or  lobed,  1  to  3  in.  long-,  green  on  botli  sides,  veined  and  reticulate 
underneath,  but  the  veinsrarely  prominent.  Spikes  terminal,  depressed- 
globular,  sessile  amongst  the  iloral  leaves,  the  rhachis  with  the  chisely 
packed  villous  bracts  about  |  in.  diameter.  Perianths  erect,  straight, 
the  tube  shortly  silky-pubescent,  1  to  1;^  in.  long,  the  limb  obtuse, 
g-h\brous  or  nearly  so,  not  2  Hnes  long.  Style  not  longer  than  the 
perianth,  erect,  straight,  g-labrous,  with  a  small  scarcely  distinct  stig-- 
matic  end.  Fruiting-  cone  very  smalh  Capsules  usually  1  or  2  only, 
very  prominent,  obhquely  ovoid,  thick,  tomentose,  the  projecting-  por- 
tion  i  to  I  in.  long,  with  a  scarcely  prominent  lateral  beak  or  scar 
indicating  the  base  of  the  style. — Meissn.  in  Ph  Preiss.  i.  589  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  4G0  ;   B.  aqmJoUum,  Lindh  Swan  Eiv.  App.  34. 

W.  Australia.  King  Gtorge's  Sounfl  and  the  neighboiiring  dislricts,  7?.  Broun, 
Baxter,  A.  Cunmngham,  Ol(ifield,  F.  3Iveller ;  Swan  river,  Brummond,  \st  colL, 
Freiss,  n.  482. 

The  specimens  at  first  sight  closely  resemble  those  nf  somc  fonns  of  Dryandra  flori- 
hunda,  to  which  I  find  them  reterred  in  several  herbaria,  as  also  by  F.  Mueher,  Fragra. 
vi.  92,  and  vii.  50. 

Var.  integrifolia.  Leaves  obovate,  entire  or  scarcely  toothed. — Swan  river,  Brciss, 
n.  482  (some  specimens). 

29.  DRYANDRA,  Br. 

(Hemiclidia,  Br.,  Josephia,  Salisb.) 

Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Perianth  reg-ular  or  nearly  so,  usually 
straight,  the  tube  slender,  the  Hmb  oblong  or  Hnear,  the  laminie  sepa- 
rating  as  the  tube  opens,  or  rarely  remaining  long-  coherent  as  in 
Banksia,  and  the  Hmb  thus  sometimes  reflexed  before  opening,  the  tube 
separating  into  the  four  claws  to  below^  the  middle,  the  base  of  the  tube 
remaining  entire.  Anthers  narrow,  sessile  in  the  concave  lamin<ie,  the 
connective  thick,  usuaHy  very  shortly  produced  beyond  the  ceUs. 
Hj^ogynous  scales  4,  very  narrow,  thin  and  membranous  (rarely  defi- 
cient  f),  usuaHy  accompanied  b}'  a  few  long  hairs.  Ovary  very  small 
and  sessile ;  style  straight  and  scarcely  exceeding-  the  perianth,  or 
longer,  curved  and  protruding  from  a  sHt  in  the  perianth-tube  until  the 
end  is  set  free  by  the  separation  of  the  himinae  and  then  straightened ; 
the  stigmatic  end,  on  a  level  with  the  anthers,  of  a  ditferent  texture, 
smooth  or  striate  and  furrowed,  continuous  with  the  style  or  thickened 
at  the  base  into  a  sHghtly  prominent  rim,  the  real  stigma  smaH  and 
terminal ;  ovules  2  (usuaHy  or  always  ?),  collateraHy  attached  at  or 
near  the  top,  Fruit  a  compressed  capsule,  opening  at  the  dilated  end 
(or  outer  margiu)  in  two  coriaceous  or  rarely  ahnost  woody  broad 
valves.  Seeds  2,  or  1  by  abortion,  compressed,  with  a  terminal  mem- 
branous  wing  broad  and  rounded  Hke  the  valves,  the  seeds  either  sepa- 
rated  by  a  plate  simple  between  the  nuclei,  double  between  the  valves, 
as  in  Banksia,  but  not  so  thick,  or  the  outer    integuments  of  the  2 


Dri/andra.]  civ.   rnoTEACEiE.  563 

seeds  remain  distinct  from  cacli  otliei*  but  separated  from  the  seeds 
forming-  two  memliranous  plates  betwcen  tlie  seeds,  or  remaining- 
attached  to  the  nucleus  or  to  the  wliole  seed  leaving-  the  seeds  separate, 
each  with  a  douhle  or  single  wing*. — Shrubs,  often  low  or  flowering" 
near  the  base.  Leaves  alternate,  very  rarely  entire,  usually  either 
sinuate  and  prickly-toothed,  or  pinnntifid  or  pinnate  with  numeroiis 
small  reg-uhir  hibes  or  segments,  usually  smooth  and  veinless  on  the 
upper  surface,  white-tomentose  or  marked  with  parallel  transverse  veins 
underneath.  Flowers  sessile,  in  pairs,  in  dense  terminal  or  lateral 
heads  in  an  invohicre  of  numerous  imbricate  scale-like  bracts  and 
usually  surrounded  b}'  a  ring  of  floral  leaves  similar  to  the  stem  leaves ; 
receptacle  flat  or  convex,  densely  villous  or  woolly,  with  narrow-hnear 
villous  or  woolly  bracts  or  palea?  subtending*  each  pair  of  flowers,  some- 
times  very  small  or  deficient  at  least  in  the  centre  of  the  head.  Perianth 
usually  yellow,  the  short  entire  base  glabrous  or  villous  towards  the 
divided  part,  the  remainder  of  the  tube  or  claw^s  usually  pubescent  or 
villous,  the  Hmb  occasionally,  the  whole  perianth  very  rarely,  glabrous. 
Ovary  ahnost  always  hairy.  Capsules  usually  villous,  but  the  hairs 
very  readily  rubbing'  ofi^,  and  in  some  species  apparently  glabrous  from 
the  first. 

The  genus  is  endemic  in  West  Australia.  It  is  readily  distinguished  frora  Banhsia 
by  the  involucre,  by  the  flat  or  nearly  flat  receptacle,  and  by  the  fruit;  but  the  structure 
of  the  flowers  is  so  uniform  that  it  is  very  difficult  to  cstablish  any  definite  sections. 
The  difterences  in  Ihe  foh"age  correspond  but  very  httle  with  those  in  inflorescence,  and 
both  are  variable  in  some  species.  Meissner  has  founded  his  groups  onthe  former,  I 
have  preferred  the  inflorescence,  whicli  appears  to  me  more  characteristic.  With  regard 
to  the  sections  founded  upon  the  differences  in  the  so-called  dissepiment  of  the  capsule 
(the  plate  intervening  between  the  seeds),  I  have  adopted  them  upon  the  supposition 
that  these  ditferences  are  constant,  bnt  the  seeds  remain  to  be  examined  in  a  conside- 
rable  nuniber  of  species  If  it  should  prove  that  these  species,  here  arranged  according 
to  their  apparent  affinity  with  those  whose  seeds  are  known,  have  been  misplaced,  ail 
practical  utiHty  in  these  sections  will  be  lost,  and  some  other  principle  of  division  must 
be  sought  for,  althougii  no  good  one  has  as  yet  suggested  itself. 

Sect.  1.  Eudryandra. —  Outer  integuments  of  the  inner  faces  of  the  two  seeda 
united  in  a  hifid  plate  separating  from  them.  Involucres  various,  the  hracts  narrow  or 
very  rarely  rather  hroad. 

Sertes  1.  Armatse. — Flowerheads  nsuaUij  large,mostbj  terminal,enclosed  injloral 
leaves  lonqer  than  theflowers.    Involucres  broad.     Perianths  ahove  1  in.  long.    Leave» 
with  prickiy  teeth  or  lohes. 
Invohicre  (2  in.)  as  long  as  the  flowers.     Leaves  obovate-oblong, 

deeply  prickly-toothed,  not  white  underneath 1.  D.  quercifolia. 

Involucre  about  half  as  long  as  the  flowers. 

Leaves  obovate  or  oblong-cuneate,  prickly-toothed. 

Leaves  white  underneath 2.  D.  prcemorsa. 

Leaves  green  on  both  sides 3.  D.  cuneata. 

Leaves  pinnatifid,  with  flat  pungent-pointed  lobes. 

Perianth  limb  glabrous.     Fruit  1-seeded 4.  D.falcata. 

Perianth-limb  more  or  less  liairy.     Fruit  2-seeded    .     .     .     .     b.   D.  armata. 
Leaves  dividc-d  to  the  midrib  or  nearly  so  into  small  rigid  seg- 
nients  with  revolute  margins. 
Leaves  6  in.  to  1  ft.  long,  the  lobes  lanceolate  or  triangular  .     6.  D.  lomjifoUa. 
Leaves  2  to  4  in.  long,  the  segments  lincar,  distant.     .     .     .     1.  D.  Fra^eri. 

o  o2 


564  civ.  pnoTEACE^.  [Di-yandra. 

Series  2.  Floribundse. — Flower-heads  small,    mostly  terminal,    the  floral   leaves 
either  shorter  than  the  flowers  or  few  and  spreadiny.     Involucres  hroacl.     Ferianths 
under  1  in.  long. 
Leaves  obovate  or  cuneate,  prickly-toothed,  flat.     Perianth  silkj- 

pubescent 8.  D.florihuiida. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  prickly-toothed  or  semipinnatifid,  flat.  Perianlh 

silky-hairy •  . 9.  Z>.  carduacea. 

Leaves  linear  with  revolute  margins,  entire  or  with  few  prickly  ' 

teeth.     Perianth  glabrous 10.  Z>.  carlinoides. 

Leaves  pinnate  with  uumerous  small  segments,  the  margins  re- 
voiute. 

Leaf-segments  narrow,  distant.     Perianth-limb  glabrous      .     .  11.  D.  jioli/cejihala. 

Leaf-segments    short,    approximate.       Perianth-limb    narrow, 

densely  villous 12.  D.  Kijjpistiana. 

Series  3.  Concinnse. — Flower-heads  small,  broad,  a.vill(ir>/,  the  bracts  narrow,  the 
floral  leaves  usually  spreading.  Leaves  flat  or  nearly  so,  tomentose  underneath,  pinna- 
tifld,  icith  short  lobes. 

Leaves  narrow,  the  lobes  small  and  distant 13.  Z>.  squari'osa. 

(See  also  o3,  D.  j^atens,  with  the  flower-heads  of  the  Concinncc 
but  the  foliage  of  the  ObvaUatce.) 
Leaf-lobes  contiguous,  ovate-friangular,  mucronate-acute. 
Leaf-Iobes  reaching  about  halfway  to  the  midrib. 

Involucral  bracts  acute,  ciHate 14.  D.  serra. 

Involucral  bracts  obtuse,  tomentose 15.  D.  concinna. 

Leaf-lobes  divided  nearly  to  the  midrib 16.  D.foliolata. 

Series  4.  Fonuosse. — Flower-heads  large,  hroad,  terminal  or  axiUary.  Involucrcd 
hracts  broad,  villous.  Leaves  flat  or  nearly  so,  icith  numerot(S  contiguous  triangulur 
lohes  or  segments,  tomentose  underneath,  acute  but  not  pimgent-pointed. 

Leaf-lobes  scarcely  reaching  above  halfway  to  the  midrib.  Flower- 

heads  mostly  terminal 11.  D.  stupposa. 

Leaf-lobes  deep  but  not  reaching  the  midrib.  Flower-heads  mostly 
lateral. 

Styles  nearly  2  in.  long 18.  D.  nohilis. 

Styles  under  14  in.  long 19.  D  mucronulata. 

Leaves  divided  to  the  midrib. 

Leafsegments  2  to  4  lines  long.     Flower-heads   mostly  ter- 

minai 20.  D.formosa. 

Leaf-segments  under  2  lines  long.    Flower-heads  mostly  lateral  21.  D.  Baxteri. 

Seeies  5.  Nivese. — Flowering  stemsfrom  a  creeping  trunk  very  short,  loith  one  or 
fejio  ovoid  floicer-heads  surrounchd  hy  long  floral  leaves.  Leaves pinnate  tvith  numerous 
rigid  scgments  lohite  underneath  except  in  D.  nana. 

Leafsegments  contiguous,  triangular  or  falcate,  1  to  8  iines  iong  22.  D.  nivea. 
Leaf-scgments  separated  by  broad  sinuses,  linear,  2  to  4  lines  long. 

Style  under  2  in.  long  ;  stigmatic  end  narrow 23.  D.  arclotidis. 

Style  about  3  in.long  ;  stigmatic  end  large,  ovoid       ....  24.  D.  nana. 
Leaf  segments  linear,  ^  to  above  1  in.  long,  some  of  them  again 

lobed 2b.  D.  Preissii. 

(See  also  30,  D.  vestita,  which  has   sometimes   dwarf  flower- 
ing-stems.) 

Series  6.  Obvallatse. — Flower-hcads  axillary,  ovoid  or  small,  enveloped  in  long 
floral  leaves.  Leaves  either  pinnate  with  very  small  rigid  segments  or  more  frequently 
pinnatifld  with  very  rigid pungent-pointed  lohes. 

I-eaves  pinnate  \yiih  numerous  decurrenl  segments,  undcr  2  lines 
long,  the  margins  revolute. 


Dri/aiulra.]  civ.    imi()Tj;ace.e.  505 

Involucral  bracts  nunicrous,   witli   long    plumose    points. 

Periantii  about  J  in.  long 2Q.  D.  sclerophylla. 

Involucral  bracts  few   besides  tlie  leafy  onea.     Periantla 

nearly  1  in.  long 27.  D.  pulchella. 

Leaves  pinnatirul  witli  pungentpointed  lobes. 

Involucral  bracts  with  long  pluraose-hairy  points,  or  somo 
of  tliera  leufy. 
Leaf-lobes  triangular,  appro.ximate,  white  underneath    .  28.  D.  plumosa. 
Leaf-lobes  linear  or  lanceolate,  usually  distant      .     .     .29.  D.  seneciifolia. 
Involucral  bracts  numerous,  narrow,  tomeutose  or  villous, 
bnt  not  plumose. 
Invohicre  narrow,  1  in.  long.     Leaf  lobes  nearly  flat. 

Leaf-iobes  about  as  long  as  the  broad  rhachis     .     .     .  30.  D.  vestita. 
Leaf-lobes  much  longer  than  the  narrow  rhachis     .     .31.  D .  cirsioides . 
Involucrc  campanulate  or  broadly  ovoid,   under   %   in. 
loug.     Leaf-iobes  distaut,   with   revolute   margins, 
white  underiieath. 
Perianth-limb  glabrous.     Involucre  broad,  \  in.  dia- 
nieter. 
Bracts  with  acute,  usually  recurved  tips.     Floral 

leaves  appressed 32.  D.  Heivardiana. 

Bracts  obtuse,  appressed.     Floral  leaves  spreading    33.  D.patens. 
Perianth  limb  hairy.     Involucre  ovoid,  |  in.  long,  the 

bracts  appressed  or  infiexed 34.  D.  conferta. 

Involucral  bracts  hirsute,  tlie  inner  bracts  above  1  in.  long, 

the  upper  half  reflexed  and  deciduous 35.   D.  horrida. 

Involucres  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  the  bracts  rather  broad 
and  closely  appressed. 
Leaves  2  or  3  in.  long,  withlinear  or  lanceolate  lobes  not 

distant.     Involucre  f  in.  long 36.  Z>.  serratidoides. 

Leaves  6  in.  to  above  1  ft.  long,  very  narrow,  with  small 

distant  lobes.     Involucre  above  1  in.  long     .     .     .     .  37.  D.  comosa. 

Series  7.  Gymnocephalae. — Floiver-heads  lateral,  on  very  short  scaly  peduncles 
without  floral  leaves  outside  the  involucre.  Jnvolucral  bracts  very  numerous  and 
narrow,  afew  of  them  leaf-like  in  one  sptcies. 

Involucral  bracts  all  very  narrow,  acute  and  dry. 

Leaves  (2  to  4  in.)  pinnate  with  numerous  very  small  seg- 
ments   with  revolute  margins  and  white  underneath. 

Involucre  1  in.  long 38.  Z).  Shuttleworthiana. 

Lcaves  (3  to  5  in.)  narrow  and  entire.   Involucre  2  in.  long  39.  D.  speciosa. 
Several  of  the  outer  involucral  bracts  leaf-like.    Leaves  under 

2  in.  long,  linear-cuneate,  mostly  3-toothed 40.  Z>.  tridentata. 

Sect.  2.  Aphra^mia. —  Outer  integuments  of  the  two  seeds  not  connate  or  readily 
separalle  froni  each  other  [seeds  without  any  or  with  a  douhle  plate  between  them). 
Involucre  large,  with  numerous  broad  hracts. 

Involucres  broad,  lateral  below  the  leafy  branches,  the  bracts 

bhick,  glabrous  or  minutely  ciliate. 
Leaves  very  narrow,  entire,  or  with  few  or  very  numerous 

short  not  pungent-pointed  segments 4L  Z).  tenuifolia. 

Leaves  under  ^  in.    broad,   pinnatind  with  distant  trian- 

gular  pungent-pointed  lobes        42.  D.  protcoides. 

Leaves   above   4  in.  broad,  pinnatifid  with  broadly  trian- 

gular  rigid  acnte  lobes 43.  Z>.  runcinata. 

Involucres  ovoid,  terminating  very  short  ascending  stems, 

witli  a  few  leaves  below  thcm. 
Leaf-lobes  broadly  triangular,  rigid,  acute ^3.  D.  runcinala. 


566  CIV.   PROTEACE.E.  [Dri/audru. 

lieaf-lobes  short,  very  numerous,  regular  and  obtuse.     In- 

volucre  2  in.  long,  glabrous  and  black 44.   D.  obtusa. 

Lear-lobe.s    linear,   often  again  divided.     Involucre   3   iu. 

loiig,  pale  coloured,  tonientose  when  voung 45.  D.  hipinnatifida. 

Involucrt  s  terminal,  broad,  villous,  surrounded  by  long  floral 
leaves. 

Leaf-segraents  linear  or  narrow-lanceolate 46.  D.  pteridifolia. 

Leaf-segmeuts  ovate  lanceolate  or  triangular 47.  D.  calophylla. 

Sect.  1.  EuDRYANDKA,  Meissn. — Outer  integ"uments  of  tlie  inner 
faces  of  the  two  seecls  imited  in  a  bifid  plate  separating-  from  theni. 
Involucres  various. 

See  below,  the  observations  under  Sect.  2. 

Series  1.  Armat^. — Flower-heads  usually  larg-e,  mostly  terminal, 
enclosed  in  floral  leaves  long'er  than  the  flowers.  Involucres  broad. 
Perianths  above  1  in.  long.  Stig-matic  end  of  the  style  slender,  often 
scarcely  distinct.     Leaves  with  prickly  teeth  or  lobes. 

This  series  differs  froni  the  Forniosce  cliiefly  in  the  foliage. 

1.  D.  quercifolia,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Frod.  xiv.  4G7.  Branches  stout, 
tomentose  or  villous.  Leaves  obovate-oblong-  or  oblong--cuneate,  undu- 
late  and  deeply  prickly-toothed  or  lobed,  contracted  into  a  short  petiole, 
3  to  4  in.  long-,  flat,  very  rigid,  veined  and  reticulate  underneath  but 
quite  g'labrous.  Flower-heads  terminal,  very  larg-e,  surrounded  by 
floral  leaves  long-er  than  the  flowers.  Involucre  hemispherical  or 
nearly  g-lobular,  nearly  2  in.  long-,  densely  villous,  the  outer  bracts 
subulate-acuminate,  the  inner  ones  linear  or  linear-lanceolate.  Peri- 
anth  about  as  long-  as  the  involucre,  hoary-tomentose  above  the  short 
giabrous  base,  the  remainder  silky-villous,  the  limb  narrow,  3  lines 
long-.  Style  longer  than  the  perianth,  the  stig-matic  end  long-  slender 
and  furrowed.  Capsule  obovate-falcate,  fully  h  in.  broad. — F.  Muell. 
Frag-m.  vii.  50. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  4th  coll.  n.  307. 

2.  D.  praemorsa,  Meissn.in  Pl.  Preiss.u.  2G5,  and  in  DC.  Frod.  xiv. 
467.  Branches  tomentose  and  sometimes  hispid  with  spreading-  hairs. 
Leaves  obovate  or  oblong--cuneat.',  truncate,  undulate,  coarsely  prickly- 
toothed  or  lobed,  IJ  to  3  in.  long-,  white  underneath,  with  prominent 
transverse  veins.  Flower-heads  terminal,  surrounded  by  floral  leaves 
at  least  as  long-  as  the  flowers.  Involucre  broad,  the  outer  bracts 
broadly  lanceolate  and  tomentose,  the  inner  ones  narrow  and  acute,  about 
half  as  long-  as  the  flowers.  Perianth  above  1  in.  long-,  silky-villous, 
the  limb  2  lines  long-,  villous  with  long-er  hairs  than  those  ofthe  tube. 
Style  long-er  than  the  perianth,  with  a  distinctly  sulcate  stig-matic  end 
of  about  1  line.     Capsule  obovate-falcate,  rather  above  ^  in.  long-. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  2G,  125,  2nd.  coll.  n.  339,  bth  coll.  n.  422. 

3.  D.  cuneata,  F.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  212,  Frod.  397.  A 
tall  shrub,  the  branches  rather  thick,  tomentose  and  often  hispid  with 
long  spreading-  hairs.    Leaves  shortly  petiolate,  from  obovate  to  oblong-- 


Dn/tfndru.]  civ.    photeace^e.  ^67 

cuneate,  undulate  itnd  deeply  prickly-toothed  or  almost  entire,  tapering* 
at  the  base,  li  to  2h  or  rarely  3  in.  long-,  penniveined  and  reticulate 
but  not  white  underneath.  Flower-heads  terminal,  closely  surrounded 
by  tioral  leaves  lonj^-er  than  the  Howers.  Involucre  broad,  about  ^  in. 
long-j  silky-tomentose,  the  outer  bracts  kmceohxte  and  some  of  them 
ahuost  leafy,  the  inner  ones  ver}^  narrow,  passing-  into  the  filiform  paleae. 
Perianth  about  l^  in.  long,  hirsute  with  fine  hairs,  short  on  the  tube 
rather  long-er  on  the  limb,  the  limb  narrow,  acute,  2|  lines  long-.  Style 
nearly  li  in.  long,  the  stigmatic  end  slender,  obscurely  furrowed.  Cap- 
sule  broadly  rounded,  about  ^^  in.  diameter. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i. 
590,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  468. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  adjoining  districts,  li.  Brown,  Baxter, 
DmmmoHil,  n.  \lb,  3rd  coll.  n.  292,  Maxwell. 

4.  D.  falcata,  IL  Br.  in  Truns.  Lvm.  Soc.  x.  213,  Prod.  397.  A 
shrub  of  4  or  5  ft.,  the  young-  branches  usually  tomentose  and  hirsute 
Avith  spreading  hairs.  Leaves  more  or  less  cuneate,  jjinnatifid  or  deeply 
toothed  with  lanceohite  pungent-pointed  teeth  or  lobes,  tapering  at  the 
base  but  ahiiost  sessile,  mostly  "2  to  3  in.  long,  flat  or  unduhxte,  very 
rigid  and  not  white  underneath.  Flower-heads  terminal,  closely  sur- 
rounded  by  floral  leaves  longer  than  the  fiowers.  Invohicres  broadly 
ovoid  or  ahuost  giobular,  7  to  Slineslong,  the  outer  bracts  linear-lanceo- 
late  aud  tomentose,  the  inner  ones  narrow-linear.  Perianth  l^  to  l^ 
in.  long-,  the  tube  woolly-tomentose  above  the  glabrous  base,  the  limb 
g-labrous.  Style  scarcely  exceeding  the  perianth,  the  stigmatic  end 
slender  and  not  very  distinct.  Capsule  "  1-seeded  by  abortion,  the 
abortive  ovule  forming  a  wing-like  appendage  to  the  interseminal  plate." 
— Hemiclidia  Baxtcri,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  40  ;  Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i. 
601,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  482;  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1455. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  to  the  eastward,  B.  Broivn,  Baxter, 
Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  321  ;  near  Cape  Riche,  Preiss,  n.  527. 

I  h;vve  not  succeeded  in  finJing  any  capsules  in  any  of  our  sets  of  Baxter's  or  of 
Drummond's  specimens,  but  as  far  as  I  can  understand  the  charactei"s  given,  the  difle- 
rence  iu  the  fruit  upon  which  tlie  genus  Hemiclidia  was  founded  is  merely  the  result  of 
the  abortion  of  one  ovule,  which  occurs  occasionally  or  perhaps  constantly  in  one  or  two 
other  species  of  Dnjandra.  The  foliage  aiid  inflorescence  of  D.  falcata  are  precisely 
those  of  D.  armata,  from  which  I  um  uuable  to  distinguish  flowering  specimens  except 
by  the  glabrous  perianth-limb. 

5.  D.  armata,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  212,  Prod.  397.  A 
mucli-liriinched  shrub  of  2  to  4  ft.,  the  young-  branches  tomentose, 
Leaves  2  to  3  in.  long,  deeply  pinnatifid  with  hmceolate  or  triangular 
pungent-pointed  lobes,  very  rigid,  flat  or  undulate,  veined  reticulate 
and  sometimes  slightly  tomentose  underneath.  Flower-heads  terminal, 
closely  surrounded  by  floral  leaves  longer  tlian  the  flowers.  Involucre 
])roadly  ovoid  or  ahnost  ghjbuhir,  about  f  in.  long ;  the  bracts  at  first 
villous  at  length  becoming-  glabrous,  the  outer  ones  broad,  the  inner 
narrow.  Perianth  above  1  in.  long,  more  or  less  villous,  the  hmb  nar- 
row,  obtuse,  becoming-  giabrous  at  the  end  but  not  entirely  so  as  in  that 


5G8  Civ.    riiuTEACE.i:.  [Dryandru. 

species.  Style  exceeding-  tlie  perianth,  witli  u  vory  narrow  ftirrowed 
stig-niatic  cnd  of  about  H  lines.  Capsule  "  ripeniny  botli  seeds  im- 
bcdded  normally  in  the  interseminal  plate." — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i. 
690,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  408 ;  Bot.  May.  t.  3230 ;  D.  favosa,  Lindl. 
Swan  Riv.  App.  33. 

■W.  Australia.  King  Gcorge's  Sound  or  neighbouring  districts,  B.  Brown, 
Baxt,r,  Drummond,  n.  1,  and  bth  coll.  «.  421  ;  Swan  iiv>  r,  Bieiss,  n.  519  ;  Blackwood 
river  and  Toodyay,  Ohlfield ;  Mount  Melville  and  sources  of  tlie  Kalgan  river,  F. 
Mueller ;  sunimit  of  Cape  Arid,  Maxwell.  I  have  not  seen  ripe  ca]isules  of  this 
Bpecies. 

6.  D.  longifolia,  i?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Suc.  x.  215,  Prod.  398.  A 
tall  shrub,  with  tomentose  branches.  Leaves  narrow,  6  in.  to  1  ft. 
long",  pinnatifid  with  lanceolate  or  triangular  rigid  acute  lobes,  con- 
tiguous  or  distant,  2  to  3  lines  long  or  longer  when  narrow,  the  undi- 
vided  rhachis  1  to  2  lines  broad,  the  margins  revolute,  the  under  sur- 
face  hoary  or  white.  Flower-heads  large,  terminating"  sliort  branches, 
surrounded  by  long  floral  leaves.  Involucre  broad,  1 J  in.  long,  the  outer 
bracts  with  a  short  broad  base  and  subuhite  recurved  points,  the  inner 
ones  linear-lanceoh^te  and  shortly  acuminate  but  variable  in  breadth. 
Perianth  silky-pubescent,  li  in.  long,  the  limb  hirsute  with  afew  longer 
hairs,  narrow,  2|  lines  long.  Style  shortly  exceeding  the  perianth,  the 
stigmatic  end  scarcely  distinct,  slightly  angular. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  4?7 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  1582 ;  Sweet,  Fl.  Austral.  t.  3  ;  Paxt.  Mag.  iii. 
1?1,  with  a  fig". 

TV.  Australia.  Lucky  Bay  (?),  R.  Broivn,  Baxter ;  summit  of  Cape  Arid, 
Maxwell. 

7.  D.  Fraseri,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  39.  An  erect  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft., 
the  young-  branches  tomentose.  Leaves  narrow,  2  to  4  in.  long,  divided 
to  the  midrib  into  rather  distant  linear  segments  rigid  and  pungent- 
pointed,  divaricate  or  recurved,  3  to  4  lines  long-,  the  margins  revolute 
and  narrowly  decurrent  to  near  the  next  segments.  Flower-heads 
rather  large  and  terminal  or  a  few  smaller  ones  on  short  axillary 
branches,  all  closely  surrounded  by  lioral  leaves  longer  than  the  tiowers. 
Involucre  |  to  1  in.  long-,  tomentose,  the  outer  bracts  broad  at  the 
base,  tapering  into  long  slender  hairy  points,  the  innermost  linear. 
Perianth  slightly  silky  except  the  glabrous  base,  1|  in.  long,  the  limb 
narrow,  about  2  lines  long.  Style  exceeding  the  perianth,  curved,  the 
stigmatic  end  not  thickened  and  only  distinguishable  by  a  somewhat 
darkened  coh)ur. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  590,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
470. 

^W.  Aastralia.     Swan  river,  Fraser,   Drummond,  n.   129,  and  \st  coll.  n.  Qi2  ; 
York  district,  Brelss,  n.  517  ;  Dundagaran  and  Port  Gregory,  Oldfield. 

Series  2.  Floribund^.— Flower-heads  small,  mostly  terminal,  the 
floral  leaves  either  sliorter  than  tlie  flowers  or  few  and  spreading-, 
leaving-  the  flowers  more  exposed  than  in  any  other  series.  Involucres 
broad.  Perianths  under  1  in.  long-.  Stigmatic  end  of  the  style  small, 
but  tbickened  and  distinct.     Leaves  with  prickly  or  rigid  teeth  or  lobes. 


Dn/andru.]  riv.   raoTEACK.E.  oOD 

8.  D.  floribunda,  /,'.  Br.  iu  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  212,  Prud.  397.  A 
busliy  i^lirub  ol"  4  tu  8  ft.^  the  youn"-  shoots  more  or  less  silky-hairy. 
Leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  obovate  to  cuneate,  more  or  less  undulate 
and  prickly-toothed,  especially  towards  the  end,  otherwise  flat,  neither 
prominently  veined  nor  wliite  underneath,  all  under  1  in.  in  some 
specimens,  2  in.  h)ng-  or  even  more  in  others.  Flower-heads  terminal, 
Tisiuilly  numerous,  closely  surrounded  by  tloral  leaves  not  exceeding*  the 
llowers.  Invohicre  cami)anuhite,  under  \  in.  long-,  pubescent;  bracts 
not  very  acute,  the  outer  ones  hmceolate,  the  inner  very  narrow. 
Perianth  not  quite  1  in.  long-,  the  tube  silk3'-pubescent  above  the  gda- 
brous  base,  the  limb  obtuse,  ahnost  g-labrous.  Style  thickened  and 
bulbous-like  above  the  base,  scarcely  exceeding-  the  perianth,  the  stig'- 
matic  end  short,  slig-htly  clavate.  Capsule  obovate-falcate,  h  in.  long- 
in  some  specimens,  smaller  in  others. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  689, 
and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  468;  Josephia  sessilis,  Knig-ht,  Prot.  110. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Soiind,  Ji.  Brown,  Haxter,  and  tlience  to  Swaii 
river,  Fraser,  Brummond,  n.  118,  \st  coll.  n.  638,  639,  2nd  coll.  n.  344,  Prtiss,  n.  520, 
521,  Oldfield;  Chanipion  Bay,  Oldfidd. 

Var.  mnjor.  Brancbes  more  tomentose  and  bairy.  Leaves  2  to  2^  in.  long,  more 
frequently  cordate  ;  flowers  larger. — Bot.  Mag.  t.  1581. — Cape  Naturalist,  Oldfield. 

Tlie  arborescent  form  mentioned  by  F.  Mueller,  Fragm.  vi.  92,  and  vii.  50,  is  Banlcsia 
ilicifolia. 

9.  D.  carduacea,  Lindl.  Swan  Piv.  App.  38.  A  tall  shrub  attain- 
ing-  sometimes  12  ft.,  the  ycung*  branches  slightly  tomentose  or  g-la- 
brous.  Leaves  mostly  sessile,  linear-cimeate  or  hmceohite,  undulate, 
deeply  prickly-toothed  or  pinnatifid  with  pung'ent-pointed  lobes,  1  to  2 
or  rarely  3  in.  long-,  hoary  or  whitish  unclerneath,  but  the  margins  not 
revolute.  Fh)wer-heads  ratlier  small,  terminal,  the  floral  leaves  not 
exceeding-  the  flowers.  Involucre  campanulate,  about  ^  in.  long-,  the 
bracts  very  numerous,  lanceolate  or  linear,  with  recurved  tips.  Perianth 
under  1  in.  long-,  the  limb  about  1  line  long-,  silky-hairy  as  well  as  the 
tube.  Style  scarcely  exceeding-  the  perianth,  with  a  small  slig-htly 
thickened  stig-matic  end.  Capsule  rounded,  about  5  lines  long-  and 
broad,  1-seeded  bv  abortion  in  tbe  one  examined. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss. 
i.  591,  and  in  DC".  Prod.  xiv.  469 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  4317. 

TV.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.,  Preiss,  n.  516;  Willianis  river 
and  Tood}'ay,  Oldfield.  Some  of  Drummond's  specimens  belong  to  a  form  with  longer 
and  less  prickly  leaves  and  ratber  iarger  flower-beads,  with  the  involucral  bracts  less 
squarrose,  approaching  in  some  respects  D.falcata  and  D.  armata,  but  with  the  babit 
and  shorter  floral  leaves  of  tbe  Ploribundce. 

10.  D.  carlinoides,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  267,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  479.  An  erect  shrub,  with  the  branches  often  almost  verticillate 
round  the  old  flower-heads  (proceeding-  from  the  axils  of  some  of  the 
leafy  bracts).  Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  rig'id  and  pung-ent-pointed, 
entire  or  with  1  or  2  prickly  teeth  on  each  side  near  the  end,  the 
marg-ins  revolute,  tapering-  at  the  liase,  f  to  1  in.  long-,  hoary  or  white 
underneath.      Flower-heads   terminal,  usuallv  numerous.      Involucre 


570  civ.   i'U(iti:a<i:-t:.  Drjaiuhut. 

hemispherioal  or  uearly  globukir,  |  to  1  in.  diameter,  more  or  lesi:? 
villous,  vvith  a  few  outer  leafy  bracts  long-er  than  the  flowers,  but 
spreading-  and  not  enclosed  in  floral  leaves,  mostly  dilated  at  the  base 
and  passing-  into  the  iml^ricate  bracts,  which  are  very  numerous,  lan- 
ceolate  with  h)ng-  narrow  points.  Puleje  pluniose  ■with  long"  Avoolly 
hairs.  Periantlis  g-hHbrous,  about  7  lines  long-,  the  limb  narrow,  mucro- 
nate,  l^  lines  hjng-.  Style  rather  long-er  than  the  perianth,  the  stig'- 
matic  end  short,  slig-htly  thickened  and  angular,  Capsules  scarcely 
above  \  in.  long-. 

TV.  Australia,   Driimmond,  2nd  coll.  n.  345. 

11.  D.  polycephala,  Bentli.  Branches  rather  slender,  g-hibrous  or 
nearly  so.  Leaves  narrow,  divided  to  the  midrib  into  small  rather 
distant  segments,  the  lower  leaves  3  to  G  in.  long-  with  short  broad 
obtuse  seg-ments,  those  of  the  flowering-  branches  1  to  2  in.  long',  very 
spreading-  or  recurved,  with  narrow  acute  seg-ments  of  1  to  2  lines ;  all 
the  segments  very  rig"id,  with  recurved  marg-ins  decurrent  along"  the 
rhachis  to  the  next  seg-ment.  Flower-heads  smali,  numerous,  termi- 
nating-  hit.n"al  branches  or  crowded  at  the  end  of  the  principal  ones,  the 
floral  leaves  few  and  spreading*.  Invokicre  broadly  campauuhite,  3  to  4 
lines  long-,  the  bracts  numerous,  narrow,  with  subulate  usually  recurved 
points.  Perianth-tube  about  \  in.  long-,  silky-villous  except  the  minute 
g-hibrous  base,  the  limb  g-labrous,  about  1  line  long-.  Style  long-er  than 
the  perianth,  with  a  small  but  distinct  chivate  stig*matic  end.  Capsule 
broadly  obovate,  not  3  lines  long". — D.  squurrosa,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
ii.  liaC),  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  474,  not  of  K.  Br. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.,  2nd  coll.  n.  342. 

12.  D.  Kippistiana,  Mcissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  122,  and  hi 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  473.  An  erect  shrub  of  2  or  3  ft.,  the  branches  loosely 
hoary-tomentose,  the  young"  shoots  often  hairy.  Leaves  narrow,  IJ  to 
4  in.  long-,  pinnate ;  seg-ments  divided  to  the  midrib,  numerous, 
obliquely  triangular,  obtuse  or  acute,  1  to  2  lines  long-,  the  margins 
revolute,  decurrent  along-  the  rhachis,  but  shortly  so  the  seg-ments 
being-  much  closer  than  in  B.  pulijcephala,  usually  white  underueath. 
Flower  heads  scarcely  larger  than  in  D.  polyccphala,  terminal  with  a  few 
also  on  very  short  axiUary  branches,  the  floral  leaves  few  and  spreading*. 
Involucre  broadly  campanuhite,  under  |  in.  long-,  the  bracts  not 
numerous,  broad  and  tomentose  at  the  base,  tapering-  into  flne  points 
ciHate  with  long-  hairs.  Perianth-tube  nearly  \  in.  long-,  loosely  hairy 
above  the  ghibrous  baso,  tlie  hmb  narrow,  above  1  Hne  long-,  densely 
viHous  with  h^nger  hairs.  Style  longer  than  the  perianth,  with  a  small 
but  distinct  durk-coloured  ol)tuse  stig-matic  end. — D.  JoHolata,  Meissn. 
in  Pl.  Preiss.  ii.  2GG,  not  of  R.  Br. 

VT.  Australia,  Drummond,  4th  coll.  n.  3-43;  near  Duudagaran,  Oldfidd. 

Series  3.  CoNCiNN.E. — Flower-heads  small,  broad,  axillary,  the 
bracts  narrow,  the  floral  leaves  usually  spreading-.  Perianth  under  | 
in.  long-.     Stig-matic  end  of  the  stvle  small  but  thickened  and  distinct. 


I)ri/undra.]  civ.   protf.ack.t:.  -iTl 

Leaves  tiat  or  nearlv   so,  tomentose   underneath,   semij)innatifid  witli 
short  acute  mucronate  or  rarely  pung-ent-pointed  lobes. 

This  series  has  the  flower-heads  of  the  Florihundie  but  axillary,  wilh  the  lcaves  of 
the  Plumosue  but  less  deeply  dividud. 

13.  D.  squarrosa,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  38.  A  shrub  with  rather 
slender  branches,  at  first  tomentose  but  soon  becoming-  o-labrous. 
Leaves  narrow,  the  lower  ones  4  to  8  in.  long-,  those  of  the  llowering- 
branches  usually  about  half  that  lengih,  notched,  prickly-toothed  or 
pinnatifid,  w-ith  short  pungent-pointed  or  anguhir  rather  distant  teeth 
or  lobes  rarely  reaching-  lialf-way  to  the  midrib,  the  entire  centre  of  the 
leaf  of  a  uniform  breadth  of  1|  to  2i  lines,  the  whole  leaf  llat  or  undu- 
late,  hoary  or  tomentose  underneath.  Flower-heads  small,  often 
numerous,  mostly  axillary  surrounded  by  a  few  spreading-  floral  leaves. 
Involucre  broadly  campauulate,  under  |  in.  long",  the  bracts  numerous, 
narrow,  acute  or  with  subulate  often  recurved  points.  Periantlis  silky- 
villous,  about  7  lines  long,  the  limb  about  1  line  long,  villous  with 
long-er  hairs.  Style  longer  than  the  perianth,  with  a  small  slightly 
thickened  stigmatic  end. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  474,  as  to  Baxter's 
specimens  ouly. 

VT.   Australia.     King  George's  Sound  or  to  the  eastward,  Baxter,  Ilarvei/. 

14.  D.  serra,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  38.  An  erect  shrub,  from  5  to  10  or 
even  15  ft.  hig-h.  Leaves  2  to  G  in.  long-,  divided  halfway  to  the  midrib 
into  numerous  broadly  triangular  regular  lobes,  mucronate  with  short 
rig'id  points,  flat,  reticuhate  above,  tomentose  underneath.  Flower- 
heads  small,  on  very  short  axiUary  peduncles  or  branches,  surrounded 
by  a  few  spreading-  floral  leaves.  Involucral  bracts  not  very  nume- 
rous,  lanceolate  or  Hnear-lanceolate,  acute,  usually  dark-coloured  with 
densely  cihate  margins,  the  inner  ones  3  to  4  Hnes  long.  Perianths 
about  7  Hnes  long-,  slender,  silky-viUous,  the  Hmb  small,  oblong-, 
obtuse.  Style  about  f  in.  long,  with  a  smaH  but  thickened  stigmatic 
end.  Capsule  falcate,  often  h  in.  long. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  591, 
and  in  DC.  Prod,  xiv.  470. 

■W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  neiglibouring  districts,  Baxter,  Drum- 
Diond,  n.  172,  ord  coll.  n.  296,  Preiss,  n.  513  ;  Wuljenup,  Ma.vicell. 

15.  D.  concinna,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  38,  not  of  Meissn.  A  shrub, 
probably  tall,  with  tomentose  branches.  Leaves  2  to  4  in.  long,  pin- 
natitid  with  triang-uhxr  tinely  pointed  lobes,  reticulate  above  and 
tomentose  underneath  as  in  D.  scrra,  but  the  leaf  usually  rather 
broader,  Avith  fewer  lobes  reaching  about  halfway  to  the  midrib. 
Flower-heads  smaU,  globular,  on  very  short  axiUary  peduncles  sur- 
rounded  by  spreadiug  floral  leaves  as  in  D.  serra,  but  the  bracts  more 
numerous,  oblong-  or  oblong-Hnear,  very  obtuse  and  tomentose  aU  over, 
thc  inner  ones  3  to  4  Hnes  loiig.  Perianths  more  viUous  than  in  D. 
scrra,  otherwise  apparently  the  samc  but  only  seen  withered.  Capsule 
nearly  \  inch  long,  oljHrpie  but  not  so  fah^ate  as  in  D.  .wrra. 


571?  Civ.    PHOTEArn.T:.  [Drt/aiulrti. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Souml  or  to  tlie  eastwanl,  Bcuter,  Drummond,  n. 
101. 

IC.  D.  foliolata,  7?.  Br.  Prot.  Nuv.  38.  Apparently  a  tall  slinib, 
tlie  branehes  toiaentose  and  liirsute  with  spreading-  hairs  or  nearly 
g'la])rons.  Leaves  8  to  6  in.  long-,  |-  to  1  in.  broad,  divided  more  than 
halfway  to  the  midrib  into  obliqiiely  ovate-triangnhir  h)bes,  acute  or 
niucronate,  Hat  or  nearly  so,  reticuhite  above,  tomentose  and  trans- 
versely  veined  underneatli.  Flower-heads  small,  g'lobular,  on  very 
short  axillary  peduncles  or  branches,  surrounded  by  spreading-  floral 
leaves.  Involucral  bracts  not  very  numerous,  linear,  softly  villous,  3 
or  4  lines  long-,  mostly  expanded  at  the  end  into  a  small  lamina. 
Perianths  very  villous,  about  -^-  in.  long\  Style  f  in.  long-,  with  a  small 
but  thickened  stig-matic  end.  Capsule  obliquely  rounded,  about  5  lines 
broad. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  471  ;  D.  mutica,  Meissn.  l.c. 

■W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  neighbouriug  districts,  Baxter,  Drum- 
mond,  Ath  coll.  11.  o09 ;  Stirliug  Kange,  Oldfield,  F.  Mueller. 

Series  4.  F0RMOS.1;. — Flower-heads  usually  larg-e,  broad,  terminal 
or  axillary,  surrounded  by  long-  floral  leaves.  Involucral  bracts  broad, 
villous.  Styles  long*  with  a  long*  narrow  stigmatic  end.  Leaves  flat  or 
nearly  so,  tomentose  underneath,  pinnatitid  or  pinnate,  with  nimierous 
contig-uous  triangular  lobes  or  segments,  acute  or  mucronate  but  not 
pung-ent-pointed. 

The  infloresccnce  and  flowers  are  nearly  those  of  the  Armata',  but  the  foliagc  gives  a 
verj  diflerent  aspect  to  the  specimens. 

17.  D.  stupposa,  Lindl.  Swan  Riv.  App.  33.  A  shrub  of  about  10 
ft.,  closely  resembling-  D.formosa,  but  the  leaves  are  not  divided  to  the 
midrib,  the  lobes  often  larger  and  more  acute,  and  the  flower-heads, 
either  terminal  or  on  short  lateral  branches,  are  rather  larg-er.  Perianth 
nearly  1|  in.  long-,  woolIy-\aIlous  above  the  g-Iabrous  base,  tlie  upper 
part  cf  the  tube  and  limb  silky-villous.  Style  long-er  than  the  perianth, 
with  a  narrow  furrowed  stig-matic  end. — Meissn.  in  PI.  Preiss.  i.  591, 
and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  470. 

■W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drummovd,  Ist  coll.  n.  643  ;  ncar  Granthani,  Prciss, 
n.  502  (tiie  hitter  specimen  not  seen). 

18.  D.  nobilis,  LimU.  Swan  Piv.  App.  33.  A  slirub  of  4  to  7  ft. 
very  nearly  allied  to  L).  formosa.  Leaves  long-er,  the  lobes  broader, 
se])arated  by  more  open  sinuses  and  not  always  divided  to  the  midrib. 
Flower-heads  still  larger  than  in  D.formosa,  but  the  involucre  rather 
smaller,  and  all  on  exceeding-ly  short  lateral  branches,  surrounded  by 
numerous  floral  leaves.  Perianths  l^  in.  long-,  woolly-villous  above 
the  glabrous  base,  then  silkv-villous.  Styles  nearly  2  in.  "long-. — Meissn. 
in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  592,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  409  ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  4633, 
copied  into  Lem.  Fl.  Jard.  t.  220,  and  into  Fl.  des  Serres.  vii.  t.  728. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Drvmmond,  \st  coll.  n.  646  ;  near  Wicklow,  Pniss, 
n.  523  (IJeissn.). 


Dri/andra.]  Civ.   PKOTEACEit:.  573 

19.  D.  mucronulata,  If.  Br.  i/i  Tram.  JAnn.  Soc.  x.  218,  Prod.  398. 
A  shnib  vorv  closely  alliod  to  D.  nohllU  and  D.formosa.  Branches  to- 
mentose  and  villous.  Leaves  very  hing-  and  narrow,  with  very  nunierous 
trian<i'uhn'-talcate  rig-id  acute  lobes  which  as  in  D.  nohllls  do  not  reach 
the  niidrib,  all  nearly  tiat  and  tomentose  underneath.  Flower-heads 
on  very  short  axiHary  branches  or  almost  sessile,  surrounded  by 
numerous  floral  leaves,  smaller  than  in  D.fornwm.  Outer  invohicral 
bracts  ovate  acuminate,  the  inner  ones  oblony-linear,  obtuse,  nearly 
1  in.  long"  and  2  hnes  broad,  silky-villous.  Perianths  8  to  10  lines 
kmg',  woolly-villous  above  the  g-labrous  base,  the  remainder  silky- 
villous  but  the  hairs  not  so  long-  and  fulvous  as  in  D.formosa.  Style 
under  1  in.  long-.  Capsule  nearly  |  in.  broad. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  470. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  the  neighbouring  districts,  R.  Brown, 
Jla.cter,  Drummond,  'ith  coll.  n.  311 ;  Gordon  plains,  Maxwell;  sumuiits  of  Stiriing 
Range,  F.  Mueller. 

20.  D,  formosa,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  313,  t.  3,  Prod.  397. 
An  erect  slirub  attaining-  8  to  15  ft.,  the  branches  tomentose  and  often 
liirsute  with  long-  fine  spreading-  hairs.  Leaves  4  to  8  in.  long-,  reg"u- 
larl}'  divided  to  the  michnb  into  obliquely  triang'uhir  or  broadly  falcate 
segments,  2  to  3  lines  long*  and  broad,  mostly  acute,  flat  and  not  very 
thick,  tomentose  underneath.  Flower-heads  terminal,  broad,  surrounded 
by  floral  leaves  long-er  than  the  flowers,  the  inner  ones  dihited  at  the 
base  and  passing-  into  the  invohicral  bracts.  Invohicre  hemispherical, 
1  to  li  in.  diameter,  the  outer  bracts  ovate  acuminate,  the  inner  ones 
narrow  and  obtuse,  all  tomentose-villous.  Perianths  l^  to  l^  in.  long-, 
woolly-villous  above  the  short  glabrous  base,  the  remainder  silky- 
villous,  the  limb  narrow  acuminate,  about  2  Hnes  lon^,  densely  villous, 
with  long'  often  fiilvous  hairs.  Style  scarcely  long-er  than  the  perianth, 
with  a  narrow  furrowed  stig-matic  end.  Capsule  about  5  Hnes  long- 
and  3  Hnes  broad. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i,  693,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
471 ;  Sweet,  FL  AustraL  t.  53 ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t.  4102. 

■W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown,  Fraser,  Drammond,  3rd  coll. 
n.  293,  Preiss,  Ji.  501,  and  manj  others.  The  flower-heads  and  flowers  vary  in  size, 
even  on  the  same  specimens  ;  some  specimens  from  Barker  and  from  Oldfield  have  them 
all  smaller  than  usual.     The  capsules  appear  to  be  always  smali. 

21.  D.  Baxteri,  P.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  38.  A  shrub  of  4  to  0  ft.,  the 
branches  donsely  tomentose.  Leaves  very  narrow,  often  above  1  ft. 
long",  divided  to  the  midrib  into  very  numerous  smaU  triang-ular-falcate 
rig-id  acute  seg-ments,  the  larg-est  scarcely  2  Hnes  long-  and  l)road,  all 
with  recurved  margins  and  white  underneath.  Flower-heads  almost 
sessile  in  the  axils,  surrounded  by  long-  floral  leaves.  Involucre  liemi- 
spherical,  above  1  in.  broad,  densely  ferrug-inous-villous,  the  bracts  lan- 
ceolate,  acuminate,  the  inner  ones  f  to  1  in.  long-.  Perianths  nearly  1 
in.  long-,  woolly  near  the  base,  then  silky-villous,  the  limb  2  lines 
long,  narrow,  acute,  tipped  with  a  tuft  of  long  fin?  hairs.     Style  cx- 


574  <^'i^'-   riJOTKACEiE.  [Drynndrn. 

ceeding  tbe  periauth,   the   slender    stig-matic  end  scarcely  distinct. — 
Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  593,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  471. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  to  tlie  eastward,  Ba.rter,  Drnmmond, 
Prelss,  n.  aUU. 

Series  5.  NiVE^. — Low  shrubs  with  a  creeping-  trunk  and  very 
short  ascending-  flowering-  stems  bearing-  one  or  few  ovoid  ilower-heads 
surrounded  by  long-  iloral  leaves.  Leaves  pinnate  with  numerous  rig-id 
seo-ments,  the  margins  usually  but  not  always  revohite  and  white  un- 
derneath. 

The  species  here  enumerated  differ  in  habit  from  all  except  sorae  states  of  D.  vestita 
and  two  species  of  the  section  Aphragmia,  which  require  turther  comparison  with  D. 
Freissii  as  to  their  carpological  characters. 

22.  D.  nivea,  li.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  214,  Frod.  398.  A 
dwarf  shrub,  the  stems  sometimes  scarcely  any  besides  the  underground 
or  creeping-  trunk,  rarely  ascending-  to  nearly  1  ft.  Leaves  4  to  8  in.  long-, 
pinnate,  divided  ahiiost  or  quite  to  the  midrib  into  numerous  reg-ular 
triano-ular  or  falcate  seg-ments,  obtuse  or  rarely  acute,  1  to  3  lines  long-, 
varying-  in  breadth,  those  towards  the  end  of  the  leaf  usually  separated 
by  acute  sinuses,  the  lower  ones  more  distant  and  decurrent,  or  all  dif- 
ferent  in  this  respect  in  dilferent  leaves,  all  rather  thick,  with  revolute 
margins,  white  iinderneath.  Flower-heads  terminal,  closely  surrounded 
by  lon"-  floral  leaves.  Involucre  ovoid,  usually  about  1  in.  long" ;  bracts 
nimierous,  narrow,  g-labrous  or  minutely  ciliate,  or  with  the  ends  more 
or  less  woolly,  the  outer  short  ones  sometimes  subulate,  the  inner  ones 
obtuse  or  scarcely  acute.  Perianths  about  as  long-  as  the  involucre, 
loosely  villous  except  the  undivided  base,  the  limb  scarcely  1|  lines  long. 
Style  considerably  long-er  than  the  perianth,  with  a  small  narrow  stig- 
matic  end  slightly  thickened  at  the  base.  Capsule  obovate-falcate, 
about  ^  in.  broad.— Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  594,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
472;  Banhsia  nivea,  Labill.  Voy.  i.  411,  t.  24;  Joscphia  rachidifolia, 
Knig-ht,  Prot.  111. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound,  R.  Brown,  and  many  others  ;  eastward  to 
Cape  Legiaiid,  Labillardiere ;  northward  to  Vasse,  Swan,  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers, 
Drummond,  Prtisx,  Oldfield,  and  others. 

This  species,  evidently  widely  spread  in  the  sandy  plains  of  W.  Australia,  inchides 
DruTOmond's,n.  64, 125,  134,  Ist  coll  n.  640,  641,  645,  2nd  coll.  n.  346,  5th  coll.  n.  419, 
and  Preis8's  n.  606,  510,  and  (according  to  Meissner)  504  and  508,  besides  numerous 
specimens  from  other  collectors.  Drummond's  4th  coll.  n.  313,  wiih  rather  longer 
flowers  {D.  Brownii,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  595,  and  in  DO.  Prod.  xiv.  472),  Preiss's 
n.  511  from  near  Pointwater,  with  the  involucral  bracts  rather  more  woolly  at  tlie  end 
{D.  Lindleijana,  Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  598,  and  in  DC.  l.c.) ;  and  Drummond's  6th 
colh  n.  212J  from  between  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  with  the  leaf-segments  rather 
narrowerand  more  distinct  than  usual  (D.  stenoprion,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew.Iourn.  vii. 
122,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  473),  appear  to  me  to  be  scarcely  distinguishable  from  speci- 
mens  of  the  commoner  forms  even  as  marked  varieties. 

23.  D.  arctotidis,  li.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  39.  A  dwarf  shrub  with  the 
habit  of  D.  nivea.  Leaves  much  more  rig-id,  4  to  8  in.  long-,  deeply 
divided  into  numerous  linear-falcate  rig-id  acute  lobes,  2  to  4  lines  long-, 


Dn/fiiidn/.]  civ.    puotkack.t:.  5?.'^ 

separatod  by  broad  sinuses,  with  revohite  maryius,  white  uuderneath. 
Flower-heads  rather  hirg-e,  termiual,  surrouuded  by  numerous  long* 
ttoral  leaves  ciliate  at  the  base  with  long-  spreadiug-  liairs.  Invohicre 
tn-oid,  above  1  in.  long*,  the  bracts  numerous,  o])h)ng--lanceohite  or  the 
inner  ones  almost  linear,  nearly  g-labrous  except  the  densely  ciliate 
marg-ins.  Perianths  l^  in.  long',  tiie  uudi\aded  g-hibrous  base  longer 
thau  in  most  species,  the  remaiuder  loosely  vilh)us.  Style  nearly  2  in. 
long-,  with  a  small  narrow  dark-coloured  stig-matic  end. — Meissn  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  .j'.)."),  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  475 ;   Bot.  Mag-.  t.  40:35. 

TV.  Australia.  King  George's  Sdund  or  neighbouring  districts,  Baxter,  Dnim- 
mond,  bth  coll.  n.  418;  Mount  Manjpeak,  Preiss,  n.  515. 

Var.  tortifolia.  Leat-lobcs  narrnwer  and  more  rigid,  not  so  white  underneath. —  D. 
tortifolia,  Kipp.  in  Hook.  Kew  .Journ.  vii.  121  ;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  475. — Between 
Moore  aud  Murcliison  rivtrs,  Drummond,  (ith  coll.  ».  211.  A  specimen  of  Drummond's 
3rd  coU.  suppl.  n.  101,  is  intermediate  as  it  were  between  this  and  tlie  typical  furni  as 
to  foliage,  but  is  not  in  flower. 

24.  D.  nana,  Meissfi.  in  Uuoh.  Kcw  Jonrn.  vii.  121,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  475.  A  dwarf  or  creeping-  shrub  with  the  habit  of  D.  nicca.  Leaves 
2  to  4  in.  long-,  crowded  round  the  llower-heads  on  very  short  ascend- 
ing  stems,  divided  almost  to  the  midrib  into  linear-lanceolate  acute 
lobes,  all  very  spreading-  and  often  falcate,  2  to  3  lines  long-,  the  mar- 
g-ins  not  revolute,  scarcely  white  underneath,  with  prominent  pri- 
mary  veins.  Involucre  closely  sessile  within  the  leaves,  ovoid,  under  J- 
in.  long-,  the  bracts  narrow-lanceolate,  silky-villous,  the  outer  oneswith 
subulate  points,  tlie  inner  ones  acute.  Perianths  with  the  entire  base 
about  \  in,  long-  villous  towards  the  end,  the  divided  portion  of  the 
tube  about  as  long-,  the  limb  ovoid,  reHexed  before  openino-,  slio-htlv 
hairy.  Style  hairy,  very  long-,  doubled  down  to  the  limb  untll  released 
and  then  straig-htening-  to  a  leng-th  of  about  3  in.,  with  a  lar"-e  thick 
ovoid  stig"matic  end. 

TV.  Australia.  Near  Dundagaran,  Drummond,  Qth  coll.  n.  210.  'With  the  habit 
of  the  Nivece,  this  species  lias  a  somewhat  diflerent  foliage,  and  differs  from  the  whole 
genus  in  the  remarkable  style. 

25.  D.  Preissii,  JTci.^.m.  in  Pl.  Preis.^.  i.  599,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
480.  A  dwarf  shrub  witli  short  procumbent  stems  tomentose  and  with 
linear-lanceolate  scales  on  the  base  of  each  year's  g-rowth.  Leaves 
rarely  above  6  in.  long-,  pinnate  ;  seg-ments  numerous,  linear,  acute  or 
mucronate,  rig-id,  with  revolute  margins,  entire  or  pinnatilid,  the  laro-er 
ones  above  1  in.  long-,  but  often  all  under  |  in.,  tomentose  underneath. 
Flower-heads  terminating  the  short  ascending-  stems,  with  a  few  lono- 
rioral  leaves  round  them.  Involucre  ovoid,  about  1  line  long-,  the  bracts 
numerous,  all  narrow,  the  outer  ones  with  a  short  broader  base  and  lono- 
subulate  ends,  the  others  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  Hat  and  rio-id  o-la^ 
brous  or  loosely  tomentose.  Perianths  about  1  in.  long-,  loosely  hirsute 
the  tube  very  slender,  the  limb  broader,  about  1  line  lono-.  Stvle  IJ^  in! 
long-,  tlie  stig-matic  end  small,  narrow-conical.     Fruit  unknown. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  301 ;  Gordon  river,  Preiss,  n.  528  Stir- 
ling  range  and  Ilay  river,  F.  Mueller.     This  species  is  placed  next  to  D.  bipinnatijida 


576  civ.   i'uuTEACi:^.  [Dnjandra. 

by  Meissner  on  account  of  the  foHage ;  tlie  iunoresccnce  and  involucre,  usually  more 
indicative  of  tine  3flinity,  are  more  tliose  of  the  Niveae.  The  seclioual  character  and 
consequently  the  rcal  place  cannot  be  ascertaiaed  until  the  fruit  shall  have  been 
examined. 

Series  6.  OBVALLATiE. — FloAver-heads  axillary,  ovoid  or  small,  en- 
veloped  in  long-  floral  leaves.  Leaves  either  pinnate  with  very  small 
rig-id  seg'ments  or  more  freqiiently  iiinnatifld  with  very  rig-id  pungent- 
pointed  lobes. 

26.  D.  sclerophylla,  Mcissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Jonm.  y\\.  1123,  ««^7  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  474:.  Apparently  a  low  but  erect  shrub,  not  mucli  branched. 
Leaves  imder  3  in.  long-,  pinnate ;  segfments  numerous,  triangidar, 
acute,  rarely  2  lines  long,  rigid,  with  revolute  margins  shortly  decur- 
rent  to  the  next  segments.  Flower-heads  not  numerous,  axillary  or 
sometimes  terminal,  closely  surrounded  by  numeroxis  floral  leaves  of  2 
or  3  in.  Involucre  7  to  8  lines  long-,  the  bracts  hanceolate,  tapering" 
into  phnnose  points.  Perianth  about  |  in.  long,  silky-villoiis,  the  oblong- 
obtuse  hmb  becoming  almost  glabrous.  Stj-le  rather  longer  than  the 
perianth,  with  a  shghtly  thickened  stigmatic  end. 

VT.  Australia.  Betwcen  Moore  and  Murcliison  rivers,  Drummond,  (jth  coll.  n. 
209.     The  species  is  very  nearly  allied  to  D.  ^ndchella. 

27.  D.  pulchella,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  473.  Apparently  a  low 
but  stout  and  erect  shrub,  the  branches  scarcely  tomentose.  Leaves  3 
to  6  in.  long,  crowded,  pinnate,  with  numerous  rigid  spreading-  acute  or 
pungent-pointed  segments  rarely  above  1  Hne  long,  the  margins  revo- 
lute  and  decurrent  to  the  next  segment.  Flower-lieads  on  short  axiUary 
branches  closely  surrounded  by  floral  leaves.  Involucre  small,  ovoid; 
bracts  not  numerous,  the  outer  ones  more  or  less  leaty,  the  inner  ones 
narrow,  Avith  long  points.  Perianth  about  1  in.  long,  the  tube 
slightly  silky,  the  limb  oblong*,  covered  with  rather  long-  silky  hairs. 
Style  when  set  free  nearly  1|  in.  long,  with  a  narrow  but  distinct  stig- 
matic  cone. 

VT.  Australia,   Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  312. 

28.  D.  plumosa,  F.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soe.  x.  214,  Prod.  398. 
A  shrub  of  about  2  ft.,  the  branches  tomentose  and  sometimes 
densely  villous  with  fine  spreading'  hairs.  Leaves  6  in,  to  1  ft.  long", 
deeply  ])innatifld  with  triangular  rigid  acute  lobes,  the  larg-er  ones  2 
to  3  hnes  long  and  broad,  the  sinuses  broad,  the  margins  recurved, 
tomentose  iinderneath.  Flower-lieads  small,  sessile  in  the  axils,  sur- 
rounded  by  a  few  small  floral  leaves.  Involucre  1  in.  long,  or  rather 
more,  the  bracts  narrow,  with  long  fihform  plumose-hairy  points. 
Perianth  i  in.  long,  densely  woolly-villous,  the  limb  oblong,  about  1 
line  long.  Style  long-er  than  the  perianth,  with  a  small  shghtly  fiir- 
rowed  stig-matic  end.  Capsule  about  7  hnes  broad. — Meissn.  in  Pl. 
Preiss.  i.  592  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  470. 

W.  Australia.  Kins;  George's  Suund  and  neighbouring  districts,  li.  Drown, 
Baxter,  Drummond,  ith  coll.  n  310,  Preiss,  n.  507,  3Ia.vwell. 


Dryaiidra.]  CIV.   PROTEACEiE.  577 

l?r).  D.  seneciifolia,  IL  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  39.  A  slirub  of  2  or  3  ft., 
witli  stuut  erect  toiuentose  stems,  sometimes  nearly  simple.  Leaves 
crowded,  2  to  4  in.  lonj;-,  deejily  pinnatitid  with  ratlier  distant  linear  or 
lanceolate  punj^-ent-pointed  lobes  1  to  2  or  rarely  3  lines  long',  tbe 
mar<>-ins  revolute,  wbite  underneatb.  Fb)wer-beads  small,  narrow. 
sessile  in  tlie  axils  and  buried  in  tbe  numerous  lloral  k^aves.  Involucral 
bracts,  many  of  tbem  leafy,  tbe  inner  ones  bnear-sububtte,  witb  plumose- 
villous  points,  about  |  in.  long".  Periantb  about  5  bnes  lonjj-,  woolly- 
villous  above  tbe  ylabrous  base,  tbe  Hmb  glabrous  or  sprinkled  witb 
few  silky  bairs.  Style  scarcely  exceeding-  tbe  periantb,  tbe  stig-matic 
end  not  tbickened  and  smootb.  Capsule  ovate,  scarcely  \  in.  long'. 
— 3Ieissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  4?G  ;  D.  cruptoccphala,  Meissn.  in  Pb  Preiss. 
i.  590,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  479 ;  Pbmcb.  Hort.  Donat.  t.  2. 

W.  Australia.  King  George's  Sound  or  adjoining  districts,  Baxter,  Drunimond, 
3rd  coll.  n.  297,  ith  coll.  n.  316;  rocky  ridges,  Perougerup  range,  Maxicell. 

30.  D.  vestita,  Kipp.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  121.  Stems  in  our 
specimens  erect  from  a  very  tbick  woody  trunk,  ^  to  1|  ft.  big-b,  very 
rig-id,  boary-tomentose  or  almost  woolly.  Leaves  Hnear  or  Hnear- 
cuneate,  3  to  5  in.  long-,  very  rigid,  bordered  by  distant  teetb  or  lobes 
rarely  reaclnng-  balfway  to  tbe  midrib,  aH  divaricate  acute  or  pung-ent- 
pointed,  1  to  l^  Hnes  long-,  tbe  entire  centre  or  rbacbis  l^  to  3  Hnes 
broad,  transversel}'  reticubite  underneatb.  Flower-beads  axiHary  and 
terminal,  closely  surrounded  by  iioral  leaves.  Involucre  ovoid-oblong-, 
softly  viUous,  1;^  to  1|  in.  long-;  bracts  numerous,  narrow  Hnear- 
lanceobite  or  Hnear,  acumiuate,  articulate  above  tbe  base.  Periantb 
above  1  in.  long-,  wooHy-vinous  above  tbe  glabrous  base,  tbe  Hmb  gla- 
brous,  3  Hnes  long-.  Style  about  as  long'  as  tbe  periantb,  tbe  long' 
stig'matic  end  scarcely  disting-uisbable.  Capsule  obHque,  above  \  in. 
long-. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  477. 

IV.  Australia,  Drinnmond,  n.  158,  a7id  5th  coll.  suppl.  n.  20.  Tliis  species  ap- 
proachfs  tlie  Xiveie  in  liabit  but  is  much  ruore  rigid  aud  erect,  with  the  thistle-like  aspect 
of  the  Ohvallatic. 

31.  D.  cirsioides,  Mcissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  476.  Brancbes  stout, 
tomentose  and  viHous.  Leaves  crowded,  2  to  3  in.  long-,  deeply  pin- 
natifid,  but  not  quite  to  tbe  midrib  ;  tbe  lobes  lanceolate,  \  to  nearly  ^ 
in.  long",  very  rigid  and  pung-ent-pointed,  tbe  margins  sHglitly  recurved, 
hoary  or  wbitisb  underneatb.  Flower-beads  axinary,  enclosed  in  nu- 
merous  floral  leaves.  Involucre  ovoid,  neaily  1  in.  long-,  villous,  tbe 
bracts  numerous,  Hnear-bmceolate  or  Hnear,  rig-id,  appressed.  Perianths 
(only  seen  very  few  in  a  witbered  state)  above  1  in.  long-,  slender, 
viUous  above  tbe  glabrous  base,  tbe  Hmb  very  narrow,  3  Hnes  long-. 
Styles  aU  faUen  from  our  specimens,  the  stig'matic  end  according'  to 
Meissner  sb^nder. 

■^V.  Australia,   Drwnmond,  Atli  coll.  n.  303. 

32.  D.  Hewardiana,  Mcissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  477.  Branches 
tomentose  or  nearly  glabrous.     Leaves  from  3  or  4  in.  to  nearly  1  ft. 

VOL.  V.  1'   1' 


578  CIV.   i>ROTEACE^.  [JJri/a/ulra. 

long-,  pinuatiiid,  the  lobes  reacbing-  niore  tbau  balf  way  to  tbe  midrib, 
obliquely  bniceohite  or  triangular,  rigid  and  pung-ent-pointed,  often 
distant,  2  to  4  lines  long-^  with  recurved  margins,  white  underneath. 
Flower-beads  axillar}',  distant  or  crowded,  surrounded  by  a  few  long 
floral  leaves.  Involucre  campanuhite,  rarely  above  ^  in.  hDng",  the 
outer  bracts  rather  broad  and  acute,  the  iuner  ones  narrow,  all  tomen- 
tose  or  villous  and  some  or  all  tapering-  into  fine  often  recurved  poiuts. 
Perianths  nearly  1  in.  long",  woolly-villous  above  the  short  g-hibrous 
base,  the  remainder  densely  silky-hairy  except  the  g"labrous  limb. 
St^-le  not  much  longer  than  the  perianth,  with  a  small  slightly  chwate 
stig-matic  encL     Capsule  about  J  in.  long-,  densely  villous. 

TV.  Australia,  Drunimond,  Ath  coll.  n.  315.  This  and  tlie  followiiig  species  have 
the  involucres  and  flowers  almost  of  the  Concinnce. 

•33.  D.  patens,  Benth.  A  branching  shrub,  nearly  allied  to  D. 
Hovardianu,  but  with  the  fewer  more  spreading-  lloral  leaves  of  the 
Concinnce  and  a  diiferent  involucre.  Leaves  4  to  10  in.  longr,  deeply 
pinuatifid,  the  lobes  lanceolate  or  triangular,  very  rigid  and  pungent- 
pointed,  mostly  distant,  with  recurved  margins,  white  underneath. 
Flower-heads  axiUar}',  sessile  or  shortly  pedunculate.  Involucre  cam- 
panulate,  under  \  in.  long'  as  in  D.  Hetvardiana,  but  tomentose  not 
villous,  the  bracts  broader  obtuse  or  rarely  mucronate,  all  appressed. 
Perianth  nearly  1  in.  long",  woolly-villous  above  the  short  g-labrous 
base,  then  silky-hairy  except  the  g-labrous  limb.  Style  scarcely  exceed- 
ing  the  perianth,  with  a  small  sligiitly  clavate  stig-matic  end. — D. 
concinna,  Meissn.  in  Ph  Preiss.  ii.  ^OO,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  477,  not 
of  R.  Br. 

^V.  Australia,  Drummond,  2nd  coll.  n.  341. 

34.  D.  conferta,  Benth.  A  shrub  apparently  low,  but  with  the  stout 
erect  stems  of  D.  cirsioides  and  its  allies.  Leaves  crowded,  narrow,  3  to 
6  in.  long-,  pinnatifid,  the  lobes  rather  distant,  rig-id,  pung-ent-pointed, 
white  underneath  with  revolute  marg-ius  as  in  D.  Hcwardiana.  Flower- 
heads  axillary,  closely  surrounded  by  long-  floral  leaves,  Involucre 
ovoid,  villous  and  perhaps  somewhat  viscid,  nearly  f  in.  long-,  the  bracts 
numerous,  narrow-lanceolate  or  linear,  obtuse  or  scarcely  acute,  closely 
appressed  or  inflexed  after  flowering-.  Perianths  under  1  in.  long-, 
densely  woolly-villous  above  the  short  g-hibrous  base,  the  limb  narrow, 
1-i  hnes  long-,  villous  with  a  few  long-  hairs,  as  well  as  the  upper  part 
of  the  tube.  Style  scarcely  exceeding-  the  perianth,  with  a  small  slender 
stigma<-ic  eud. 

W.  Australia,  Drummond,  3rd  coU.  n.  295.  These  specimens  referred  by 
Meissner  to  D.  patcns  {D.  concinna,  Meissn.,  not  of  R.  Br.),  with  doubt  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
ii.  266,  more  po.sitively  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  477,  appear  to  me  to  dififer  too  much  in  the 
involucres  and  perianths  to  be  united  with  that  species. 

There  are  other  specimens  from  Drummond,  n.  7,  with  the  foliage  of  this  and  (he  pre- 
ceding  specics,  witli  glabruus  lanceolate  involucral  bracts  approaching  those  of  Z».  ser- 
ratuloides;  the  flowers  are  however  all  fallen  awav,  and  the  species,  if  really  distinct, 
rannot  be  accurately  described. 


Drijandra.]  CIV.    PROTEACE^.  579 

35.  D.  horrida,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  476.  Branclies  thick,  hoary- 
tomentose.  Leaves  crowded,  narrow,  3  to  6  in.  long-,  pinnatifid,  the 
lobes  distant,  rigid,  pung'ent-pointed,  1|  to  3  hnes  long-,  divaricate  or 
incurved,  the  marg'ins  of  the  lobes  and  of  the  narrow  rhachis  closely 
revolute,  the  under  surface  hoary  or  white  where  open.  Flower-heads 
axiHary,  closely  surrounded  by  long-  lloral  leaves.  Involucre  narrow 
ovoitl,  the  bracts  linear  or  a  few  of  the  shorter  ones  hmceolate  with 
long-  points,  all  villous  with  rather  long"  soft  hairs,  the  inner  ones  1|  in. 
long-,  but  the  u})per  half  retlexed  when  the  llowers  are  open  and  falhng' 
away  soon  after.  Perianths  \\  in.  loug-,  shortly  woolly-villous  above 
the  g'labrous  base,  the  linib  narrow,  3  lines  long",  giabrous  as  well  as 
the  upper  part  of  the  tube.  Style  long-er  than  the  j)erianth,  with  along- 
stig'matic  end  scarcely  disting-uishable  from  the  remainder. 
TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  n.  156,  4th  coll.  n.  314. 

3(j.  D.  serratuloides,  3It'issn.  in  Hook.  Eew  Joiirn.  vii.  123,  and  in 
DC.  Prod.  xiv.  475.  Branches  hoary-tomentose.  Leaves  crowded,  2  to 
3  in.  long-,  deeply  pinnatifid  but  not  quite  to  the  midrib,  the  lobes 
linear-lanceohxte,  often  falcate,  rig-id  and  pung-ent-pointed,  nearly  flat, 
pale  or  scarcely  white  underneath,  2  to  4  lines  long-.  Flower-heads 
axillary,  closely  surrounded  by  floral  leaves.  Involucre  broadly  ovoid 
or  ahnost  giobular,  about  |  in.  long-,  the  bracts  hinceolate  or  the  outer 
ones  ovate,  obtuse,  appressed,  at  first  minutely  ciliate,  at  leng-th  gia- 
brous  and  smooth.  Perianths  about  1  in.  long-,  silky-hairy  except  the 
giabrous  base,  and  -the  hairs  of  the  limb  fewer  and  deciduous.  Style 
considerably  long-er  than  the  perianth,  the  stig-matic  end  not  thicker  but 
darker  coloured  and  furrowed. 

"W.  Australia.     Moore  river,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  213. 

37.  D.  comosa,  3fcissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  4:7 S.  Branches  slig-htly 
tomentose.  Leaves  6  in.  to  above  1  ft.  long',  very  narrow,  rigid,  flexuose, 
bordered  by  small  pung-ent-pointed  distant  teeth  or  lobes,  1  to  IJ  lines 
long",  the  margins  of  the  teeth  and  rhachis  revolute,  leaving-  a  narrow 
white  under  surface  or  cliannel  between  them  and  the  broad  midrib. 
Flower-heads  axillary,  with  a  few  long-  floral  leaves  round  them.  Invo- 
lucre  broadly  ovoid,  l^  to  li-  in.  long-,  the  outer  bracts  ovate  with  short 
points,  the  inner  ones  lanceolate  to  linear,  acute  or  the  innermost  ahnost 
obtuse,  all  giabrous  or  the  margins  minutely  ciliate.  Palese  of  the  re- 
ceptacle  very  slender  but  long-er  than  in  most  species.  Perianth-tube 
I  in.  long-,  villous  in  the  upper  part  of  the  undivided  base,  the  Hmb 
narrow,  about  2  lines  long-,  silky-hairy.  Style  exceeding-  the  perianth, 
the  stigmatic  end  not  thicker,  but  shgiitly  furrowed. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  313. 

Series  7.  GyMNOCEPHAL^. — Flower-heads  lateral,  on  very  short 
scaly  peduncles  without  floral  leaves  outside  the  invohicre.  Invokicral 
bracts  very  numerous  and  narrow,  a  few  of  them  leaf-hke  in  one 
species. 

p  p  2 


580  civ.   PROTEACEiE.  [Dr(jandru. 

38.  D.  Shuttleworthiana,  Meissn.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  122,  and 
in  DC.  Pmd.  xiv.  474.  Api)arently  a  low  slirub,  tlie  leafy  branclies 
hoary-tomentose.  Lcaves  narrow,  2  to  4  in.  long",  divided  almost  to 
the  niidrib  into  numerous  contig-uous  obliquely-triangular  lobes  of  1  to  2 
lines,  all  rather  obtxise,  rigid,  with  reeurved  margins,  white  underneath, 
Flower-heads  idmost  sessile  on  the  main  stem  below  the  leaty  branches 
and  without  Horal  leaves,  the  very  short  peduncle  covered  with  small 
or  subulate  and  recurved  scales.  Involucre  campanulate,  tlie  bracts 
narrow,  mostly  linear,  very  numerous,  the  inner  ones  l^  in.  long',  re- 
curved  or  rellexed  from  the  middle,  the  lung-  filiform  ends  usually 
ciliate  with  long-  fine  hairs.  Perianths  1  in.  long  or  rather  more,  woolly- 
villous  above  the  giabrous  base,  the  limb  very  narrow,  3  lines  long", 
giabrous.  Style  not  exceeding-  the  perianth,  the  stig-matic  end  scarcely 
cUsting-uishable  from  the  remainder.  Capsule  obovate,  nearly  |  in.  long', 
densely  rufous-villous. 

"^JV.  Australia.    Bctween  Moore  and  Murchison  rivers,  Drummond,  Qth  coll.  n.  208. 

39.  D.  speciosa,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  470.  Branches  erect, 
tomentose.  Leaves  very  narrow-linear,  mucronate-acute,  quite  entire, 
with  closely  revokite  margins,  3  to  6  in.  h)ng-.  Flower-heads  very 
larg-e,  noddmg-,  terminating-  very  short  leafy  branches  but  not  closely 
surrounded  by  floral  leaves,  the  very  short  peduncles  covered  by  small 
scales,  •  Involucre  very  broad  and  above  2  in.  long-,  the  bracts  very 
numerous,  linear  with  fine  points  at  first  eleg-antly  ciliate  with  spread- 
ing-  hairs  whicli  wear  otf.  Perianth  1^^  to  li  in.  Jong-  and  therefore 
shorter  than  the  involucre,  woolly-hirsute  above  the  short  giabrous 
base,  the  upper  half  giabrous,  the  limb  very  narrow,  4  hnes  long-. 
Style  scarcely  exceeding-  the  perianth,  the  stigmatic  end  not  distin- 
guishable  from  the  remainder. 

TV.  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  suppl.  n.  19. 

40.  D.  tridentata,  3Ieissn.  in  Hooh.  Kew  Jovrn.  vii,  120,  and  in  DC. 
Prod.  xiv.  471).  Stems  G  in.  to  1  ft.  high  from  an  underg-round  creep- 
ing-  trunk.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-cuneate,  mostly  3-toothed  at  the 
end,  tapering-  into  a  very  short  petiole,  1  to  1|  in.  long-,  ilat,  promi- 
nently  reticuhite  underneath.  Flower-heads  larg-e,  on  very  short 
peduncles  from  below  the  fohag-e,  leafless  except  a  few  narrow  scales 
passing-  into  the  outer  invohicral  bracts.  Involucres  broad,  hemi- 
spherical,  a  few  of  the  outer  bracts  leaf-hke  and  long-er  than  the 
flowers  but  mostly  entire  and  dilated  at  the  base,  passing*  into  ovate- 
lanceolate  bracts  with  long'  narrow  points  and  these  ag-ain  into  the 
inner  hnear-hanceolateones,  the  paleie  witliin  the  flowers  few  and  very 
narrow.  Perianths  about  1  in.  long-,  loosel}^  villous,  the  hmb  narrow 
and  acute.  Style  much  longer,  rarely  quite  straigiit,  the  shghtly  fLu-- 
rowed  stig-matic  end  scarcely  distinct.     Capsule  above  \  in.  broad. 

W.  Australia.     Near  Dundagaran,  Drummond,  6th  coll.  n.  207. 

Sect.  2.  Aphraomia. — Outer  integ-uments  of  tlie  2  seeds  in  each 
capsule   not    connate   or    readily   separable   from   each    other,    either 


Dnjandm.]  civ.   proteace^.  581 

romainini>'  adnnto  to  tlie  seods  lonvin^-  no  loose  plnto  botween  them, 
or  soparatin<^'  froni  tlie  seods  antl  fbrininu'  two  parallel  plates  between 
tliem.     Involncres  larg-e,  with  numerons  broad  bracts. 

As  far  as  known  tlie  carpologic  il  ilifreroiices  betvveen  thc  two  scctinns  of  Driiandra 
appear  to  be  constant,  but  tliei^e  are  several  species  of  both  in  which  tlic  seed  has  not 
been  examined,  anJ  the  characters  they  furnisli  are  very  little  available  for  practical 
purposes.  The  involucres,  however,  give  to  the  species  here  iiichulpd  in  Aj^hragynia  a 
difterent  aspect  from  all  others  of  tlie  genus.  The  structure  of  the  seeds  is  perhaps  not 
so  diflercnt  in  the  two  as  would  at  first  appear.  In  both  the  nucieus  has  a  liouble  inte- 
gunient,  whilst  tlie  wing  is  apparently  forined  of  a  prnlongation  of  the  outer  integument, 
onlv  witli  a  diUlrent  venation  in  the  iniier  and  outer  layer  (the  prolongation  of  the  inner 
and  oiiter  faces  of  the  .'■eed)  which  occasions  the  ready  separation  of  the  two  layers 
when  ripe.  In  Eudryandra,  as  in  Banksia,  this  outer  integumeut,  wing-like,  detaches 
itself  from  the  inner  faee  of  the  seod,  becomes  or  remains  connatc  with  the  correspond- 
ing  integnment  of  tlie  other  seed  to  tho  exteiit  of  the  nucleus,  the  wiiig-like  prolongations 
forniing  the  two  wings  or  lobes  to  the  plate  thus  interposed  betweeii  the  ripe  seeds,  tlie 
wing-like  prolongation  of  the  outer  iiitegumeiit  on  the  outer  face  forming  the  simple 
■wing  to  the  seed.  In  Jjjhragmia  the  outer  integument  either  reniains  adherent  to  tho 
nuclens  on  both  faces,  the  wing-like  prolongations  forming  a  double  wing  of  which  the 
external  layer  is  deciduons  and  has  been  called  an  appendicular  membrane,  although  tbe 
homologue  of  the  wing  iu  Uudri/andra,  or  on  the  inner  facis  of  the  two  seeds  the  re- 
spective  outer  integuments  separate  froin  the  niicleus  bearing  with  tliem  their  respective 
wing-like  prolongations  and  forming  two  plates  between  the  seeds.  The  species  in  whicli 
the  latter  peculiarity  has  been  observed,  D.  hijjiiuiatijida,  has  been  separated  on  that 
account  into  a  distinct  section,  Dlplopliragma,  but  in  the  few  seeds  that  I  have  been 
able  to  examine,  the  separatiun  of  tlie  integument  from  tbe  nucleus  when  not  consoli- 
dated  with  the  corresponding  integument  of  the  other  seed  has  not  appeared  to  me  to  be 
at  all  constant.  The  whole  question  requires  further  investigation  on  the  part  of  those 
who  may  have  a  sufficient  supply  of  good  fruits  of  the  several  species. 

41.  D.  tenuifolia,  li.  Br.  iu  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  215,  Prod.  398.  A 
robust  shrub,  sometimes  low  and  procumbent,  sometimes  erect  bushy 
and  attaining-  3  or  4  ft.,  the  branchos  nearly  g-labrous,  with  few  narrow 
scales  at  the  base  of  each  year's  shoot.  Leaves  very  narrow,  often  G  to 
8  in.  long-,  with  closely  revohite  marg-ins,  tomentose  underneath,  rarely 
all  entire,  freciuently  tootlied  towards  the  end  or  in  the  upper  half  only, 
or  in  the  typical  forms  reg'ularly  divided  for  more  than  half  the  leng-fli 
or  quite  to  the  base  into  short  recurved  lobes  or  teeth.  Flower-heads 
hirg-e,  lateral  without  any  or  with  very  few  small  linear  lloral  leavos. 
Involucres  at  first  ovoid,  at  longth  very  broad,  black  and  g-labrous  or 
when  young-  slig-htly  Avoolly,  1|  to  2  in.  long-;  outer  bracts  broad, 
sometimes  with  short  subuhite  points,  inner  ones  broadly  linear,  obtuse. 
Perianths  not  exceeding-  tho  involucro,  villous  above  the  g'labrous  face, 
pubescent  or  g-labrous  towards  the  ond,  the  limb  very  narrow,  3  lines 
long-.  Style  not  oxceeding-  the  perianth,  with  a  slig-htly  furrowod  but 
not  thickened  stig-nuitic  end.  Capsule  above  |  in.  broad.  Seeds  (in 
the  fruit  examined  ])erhaps  not  qiiite  ripe)  entirely  soparating-  without 
leaving-  any  intermediate  plate,  the  wing-  very  thin  though  formed  of 
two  separable  layers. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss.  i.  597,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  478 ;   Bot.  Mag-.  t.  3513 ;  B.  uncata,  A.  Cunn.  Herb. 

"W.  Australia.  King  George'8  Sound  or  to  the  eastward,  R.  Jirorm,  Ba.vter, 
Driimmoiid,  '3rd  coll.  n.  294  ;  Beaufort  river,  Preiss,  n.  505  ;  Tone  river,  Oldfiefd. — 
In  Diummond"8  ii.  294  the  involucres  are  soine  of  them  as  large  as  in  D.  proteoides. 


582  CIV.    PUOTEACE^.  [Drynndra. 

Var.  ehga7)x.  Leaves  as  in  the  typical  form  ilivided  iuto  numerous  small  segmenls 
with  revolute  margins  white  underneath  ;  flower-heads  and  flowers  sniallcr,  the  perianths 
niore  villous. — D.  elegans,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  473. — W.  Australia,  Drummond, 
Ath  coll.  n.  317,  Maxicell.  In  the  only  capsule  I  could  examine  I  found  only  one  per- 
fect  seed  with  two  equal  wings,  each  forraed  of  2  plates,  probablj  the  onter  integuments 
of  both  sceds  had  attained  their  full  growth  and  become  consolidated  at  the  base,  the 
nucleus  of  one  of  them  having  aborted. 

42.  D.  proteoides,  Lindl.  Swan  liiv.  App.  33.  Very  near  D.  tenui- 
folia,  tlie  stems  more  scaly,  the  leaves  long-er,  broader  althoug-h  ahvays 
under  \  in.  broad,  more  rigid,  divided  into  triang-ular  rig-id  lobes  con- 
tig-uous  or  distant,  very  acute  or  even  pung-ent-pointed  or  rarely  almost 
obtuse.  Flower-heads  larg-er  than  in  D.  tenuifolia,  on  short  lateral 
peduncles  covered  with  imbricated  scales  without  floral  leaves.  Invo- 
lucre  broadly  ovoid,  with  very  numerous  broad  l)lack  g-labrous  bracis, 
the  innermost  rows  very  much  longer  than  the  others  and  often  attain- 
ing-  3  in.  Perianths  not  exceeding-  the  involucre,  g-labrous  or  nearly 
so,  the  limb  4  lines  long-.  Style  about  as  long-  as  the  perianth,  with  a 
faintly  sulcate  but  not  thickened  stig-matic  end. — Meissn.  in  Pl.  Preiss. 
i.  598,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  478, 

^V.  Australia.     Swan  river,  Drummond,  Ist  coll.,  Preiss,  n.  503. 

Var.  ferruginea.  Leaf-lobes  rather  broader,  less  acute  and  more  distant,  but  not 
always  so. — D.ferruginea,  Kipp.  in  Hook.  Kew  Journ.  vii.  123;  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  478. — W.  Australia,  Drummond,  bth  coll.  n.  416. 

43.  D.  mncinata,  Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  469.  A  dwarf  shrub, 
the  stems  scarcely  any  or  the  leafy  branches  scarcely  above  |  ft.  long". 
Leaves  6  in.  to  nearly  1  ft.  long-,  deeply  divided  into  numerous  trian- 
gular  lanceolate  or  falcate  acute  lobes,  the  larg-est  |  in.  long,  with  re- 
curved  margins,  tomentose  several-nerved  and  reticulate  underneath. 
Flower-heads  nearly  sessile,  terminal  or  lateral.  Involucres  ovoid,  2 
in.  long,  entirely  like  those  of  D.  obtusa,  as  well  as  the  flowers  and 
style. 

■W.  Australia,   Drummond,  Ath  coll.  n.  318. 

44.  D.  obtusa,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  214,  Prod.  398.  Stems 
short  and  procunibent,  tomentose-villous  or  concealed  by  imbricate 
scales.  Leaves  6  in.  to  1  ft.  lon  •,  divided  to  the  midrib  or  nearly  so 
into  numerous  small  triangular  or  oblong  very  obtuse  segments,  1|^  to 
4  lines  long,  thick,  with  revolute  margins,  white  underneath.  Flower- 
heads  terminal  with  a  few  floral  leaves  rather  below  theni.  Involucres 
ovoid,  2  in.  long,  the  outer  bracts  short,  ovate,  passing  into  the  long 
narrow  inner  ones,  all  obtuse,  at  flrst  loosely  tomentose,  but  soon  quite 
glabrous  turning  black  and  finely  striate  like  those  of  the  three  prc- 
ceding  species.  Perianth  nearly  as  long  as  the  involucre,  the  tube 
slightly  pubescent,  the  limb  narrow,  glabrous  or  hairy,  3  lines  long. 
St3'le  about  as  long  as  the  perianth,  the  stigmatic  end  long  narrow  and 
furrowed. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  471  j  D.  multiserialis,  F.  Muell. 
Fragm.  v.  185. 

W.  Australia.  King  George'»  Sound  or  to  tlie  eastward  (Lucky  Bay?)  B.  Broum, 
Ba.rUr,  Dntmmoud,  bth  coll.  n.  420;  inl.nid  rroiii  Cape  Legraml,  Maxwtll. 


Drtianilra?  civ.    photeace^e.  .583 

45.  D.  bipinnatifida,  R.  Br.  Prot.  Nov.  39.  Stems  very  sliort  or 
procumbent  aiui  h  ft.  hnv^  or  rather  more,  densely  woolly-villous  but 
the  base  of  each  3'ear's  ^-rowth  concealed  by  imbricate  scales.  Leaves 
6  in.  lo  1  ft.  hing-,  pinnate  witli  Hnear  acute  seg-mcnts,  entire  or  again 
pinnatifid  as  in  D.  PrehAii,  1  to  2  in.  long-  in  some  specimens,  much 
smaller  in  others,  all  with  revohite  marg-ins,  reticuhxte  and  tomentose 
underneatli.  Flower-heads  terminal  but  not  closely  surrounded  by 
iioral  leaves.  Involucre  ovoid-oblong-,  2  to  2i-  in.  long-,  the  outer  bracts 
ovate,  the  inner  ones  narrow-lanceohite,  all  obtuse,  inore  or  less  woolly- 
villous  or  at  leng-th  g-hibrous,  but  not  lihick  as  in  the  preceding-  species, 
the  paleie  within  the  head  shorter  and  narrow.  Perianth  shorter  than 
the  involucre,  about  l^  in.  long-,  loosely  villous  or  pubescent  below  the 
middle,  g-hibrous  towards  the  end,  the  very  narrow  hmb  |  in.  long-. 
Style  exceeding-  the  perianth,  with  a  long-  furrowed  stig-matic  end.  Cap- 
sule  about  h  in.  broad. — Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  i.  599,  and  in  DC.  Prod. 
xiv.  480. 

W.  Australia.  Swan  river,  Fraser,  Drvmmond,  \sl  coll.  n.  644,  Preiss,  n.  522. 
In  ihe  only  fruit  I  could  examine  the  seed  was  destrovcd  by  insects.  According  to 
R.  Brown,  the  outer  integunients  ofthe  inner  faces  of  the  two  seeds  are  free  from  the 
seeds  and  from  each  other  (or  separable),  forming  a  doublc  plate  betweea  the  seeds. 

4G.  D.  pteridifolia,  7?.  Br.  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  215,  Prod.  399. 
Stems  very  short  and  thick,  densely  tomentose  and  villous.  Leaves 
often  above  1  ft.  long-,  pinnately  divided  ahnost  or  quite  to  the  midrib 
into  numerous  linear  or  hmceolate  straig-ht  or  falcate  seg-ments,  |  to  1|- 
or  even  2  in.  long-,  often  distant  but  usually  dihited  at  the  base  and 
frequently  coniluent,  all  with  recurved  or  revolute  marg-ins,  more  or 
less  tomentose  underneath,  1-nerved  in  some  leaves,  3-  to  o-nerved  in 
other  leaves  on  the  same  stem.  Flower-heads  larg-e,  terminal,  closely 
surrounded  by  long-  floral  leaves.  Invohicre  hemispherical,  the  bracts 
densely  vdlous,  the  outer  ones  ovate,  the  inner  ones  lanceohite,  |  to 
above  1  in.  long-.  Perianths  about  l^  in.  long-,  silky  or  loosely  villous 
with  long  hairs,  the  limb  4  to  5  lines  long-.  Style  about  as  long"  as  the 
perianth,  with  a  long-  furrowed  stig-matic  end.  Capsule  about  f  in. 
broad.  Seeds  in  the  two  fruits  examined  cjuite  separate  without  any 
intervening-  phate,  each  with  a  (hnible  wing-,  the  inner  one  more  trans- 
parent  with  tiexuose  iibres,  tbe  outer  one  (membranous  appendag^e, 
R.  Br.)  more  opaque. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  480  ;  Bot.  Mag-.  t. 
3500;  D.  hleehnifolia,  R.  Br.,  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  x.  215,  Prod.  399  ; 
D.  nervosa,  R.  Br.,  in  Sweet,  FL  AustraL  22,  Prot.  Nov.  39 ;  Meissn. 
in  PL  Preiss.  i.  600,  and  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv.  481 ;  Bot.  Ma^.  t.  30G3. 

\IV.  Australia.  King  George'R  Sound  and  adjoining  districts,  frequent,  R.  Bronm, 
Ba.rter,  A.  (Junninfjham,  Driimmond,  n.  131,  4th  coll.  n.  320,  bth  coll.  n.  423,  Frei.<<s, 
n.  512,  and  others  ;  scruliby  phiii-.s  from  Stirling  to  Philiips  Kanges  and  to  Capc  Arid, 
Maricell.  The  breadlh  of  tlie  leafsegnients  and  the  size  of  the  flower-heads  do  not  ap- 
pear  to  be  sufficiently  constant  to  establish  distinct  varieties. 

47.  D.  calophylla,  7i'.  Br.  Prnt.  Nov.  40.     A  low  shrub,  the  villous 
stems   either  very   short  and   thick  or  rather   long-er   and   prostrate. 


684  Civ.   PROTKACEiR.  [Dryandrn. 

Leaves  ofton  nbove  1  ft.  long',  pinnato  witli  nnmeroiis  ovate-lnnceolate 
or  triang-ular-acute  rigid  segments ;  contiguous  at  the  base  and  mostly 
sejHirated  l)j  acute  sinuses,  pale,  tomentose  and  several-nerved  under- 
ne;ith,  the  hirg^er  ones  1  to  1-|  in.  long'.  Flower-heads  terminal,  closely 
surrounded  by  long-  floral  leaves.  Invohicre  broad,  densely  viHous,  a 
few  of  the  outer  brncts  long-  and  narrow,  sometimes  resembling"  reduced 
riornl  leaves,  others  broad  and  short,  the  inner  ones  linear-hmceolate. 
Perianths  villous,  at  least  l^  in.  long",  the  limb  4  to  6  hnes  long-.  Style 
nbout  as  long"  as  the  perianth,  with  a  long-  narrow  furrowed  stigmatic  end. 
Capsule  of  D.  pterUUfolia,  or  rather  hirger. — Meissn.  in  DC.  Prod.  xiv. 
481 ;   D.  Dnim.mondii,  Meissn.  in  PL  Preiss.  ii.  267,  and  in  DC.  hc. 

W.  Australia.     King  George's  Sonnd  or  neighbouring  districts,  Baxtcr,  Drum- 
mond,  Indcoll.  n.  299,  300,  301,  Uli  coU.  n.3l9;  Kalgcan  river;  Oldfield. 


ADDENDUM. 

Under  Verbenace.ie,  after  tlie  sj-nopsis  of  genera,  p.  33,  add — 

Pentaptelion  involncratum,  Turcz.  in  Bull.  Soc.  linp.  Nat.  Mosc.  18G3,  ii.  194,  pro- 
posed  as  a  new  genus  of  Verbenacese,  is  Leucoj^ocjon  plumuliflorus,  de.sciibed  above, 
vol.  iii.  p.  205. 


585 


INDEX  OF  GENERA  AND  SPECIES. 


The  Synonyms  and  Species  incidentally  mentioned  are  printed  in  Italics, 

Page 
Manrjlesii,  Grah.  ,  486 
pulcfieUa,  Br.  .  .484 
Moei,  Endl.  .  .  .  482 
tenuiflora,  Lindl.  .  484 
trljida,  Br.  .  ,  .479 
triternata,  Cunn,     •  478 

Andreusia 

debitis,  Vent.  .  .  9 
fflubra,  Veut.      .     .        4 

Anisacantha  .  .  .198 
bicornis,  F.  Muell.  .  195 
bicuspis,  F.  Muell.  200 
brevicuspis,  F.  Mu.  198 
diacantha,  Nees  .  195 
divarieata,  Br.  .  .  200 
divaricata,  Moq.  .  200 
Drummoudii,  Benth.  199 
echinopsila,  F.  Mu.  201 
erinacea,  Moq.  .  .  200 
glahra,  F.  Muell.  .  200 
f/racilicmpis,    F. 

Muell 199 

hentropsidea,    F. 

Muell 195 

lanicuspis,  F.  Muell.  195 
muricata,  Moq.  .  .199 
quinquecuspis,  F.  M.  199 
tricuspis,  F.  Muell.   200 

Anisandi-a 

glabra,  Bartl.     .     ,   124 

Anisomeles  ....  88 
auslralis,  Spreng.  .  134 
inodora,  Br.  .  ,  ,  89 
moschata,  Br,  .  ,  89 
salvifolia,  Br.     .     .     89 

Arthrocnemum 

arbuscula,  Moq.  .  203 
bidens,  Nees  .  ,  ,  204 
halocnemoides,  Nees  203 
indicum,  Moq.  .  .  205 
triandrum,    F.    Mu.   202 

Arthrotrichum 

calostachyum,  F.  M.   236 


Page 

Page 

Achyranthes .     .     .     , 

246 

Baueri,  Moq.      .     . 

255 

urgentea,  Lam.    .     . 

246 

decipiens,  Benth. 

251 

aspera,  Linn. 

246 

denticulata,  Br.  . 

249 

austrcdis,  Br.       .     . 

246 

leptophylla,     Benth. 

251 

canescens,  Br.      .     . 

246 

longipes,  Benth.  .     . 

252 

Adenanthos  .     .     .     . 

350 

nana,  Br.       .     .     . 

250 

apiculata,  Br.     . 

356 

nodiflora,  Br.      .     . 

249 

upiculata,  Meissn.  . 

364 

polycephala,     Benth 

251 

armata,  Meissn. 

353 

sessilis,  Br.    . 

250 

barbata,  F.  Muell.    . 

354 

Amarantace^  .     .     . 

208 

barbigera,  Lindl. 

351 

Amarantus    •     .     .     . 

212 

crenata,  Willd.    . 

352 

Blitum,  Linn.     .     . 

213 

cuneata,  Labill.  . 

352 

caudatus,  Linn.  .     . 

213 

Cunninghamii.  Meiss 

352 

enervis,  F.  3Iuell.   . 

216 

Dobsoni,  F.  Muell.  . 

353 

frumentaceus,  lioxb 

213 

Drummondii,  Meiss 

356 

interruptus,  Br, 

215 

filifolia,  Benth.    .     . 

355 

lineatus,  Br.  . 

215 

flabellifolia,    Knight 

352 

leptostachyus,  Benth 

214 

flavidiflora,  F.  Mu.  . 

355 

macrocarpus,  Benth 

216 

linearis,  Meissn. 

354: 

Mitchellii,  Beiith.    . 

214 

Meissneri,  Lehm. 

354 

pallidiflorus,  F.  M. 

214 

obovata,  iMbill.  .     . 

352 

paniculatus,  Linn.   . 

213 

jyrocumbens,  Meissn. 

356 

rhombeus,  Br.      .     . 

215 

pungens,  Meissn.     . 

353 

tenuis,  Benth.     . 

216 

sericea,  Labill.    .     . 

354 

undulatus,  Br.    .     . 

215 

terminalis,  Br.   . 

355 

undulatus,  Lindl.    . 

215 

velutina,  Meissn. 

355 

viridis,  Linn. 

215 

venosa,  Meissn.  . 

353 

Amblogyne  .      .     .     . 

214 

Adenostephanus 

416 

A  mbrina 

Bleasdalii,  Benth.    . 

417 

carinata,  Moq.    .     . 

163 

Agastachys    .     .     .     . 

379 

pumilio,  Moq.    . 

163 

odorata,  Br.  .     .     . 

379 

Amperea 

Agnostus 

subnuda,  Nees    ,     . 

146 

sinuatus,  Cunn.  .     . 

539 

Anadenia 

Ajuga     .... 

135 

anethifolia,  Cunn.   . 

483 

australis,  Br.      .     . 

136 

aquifolium,  Lindl.   . 

479 

diemenica,  Benth.   . 

136 

Cahyi,  Br.     .      .      . 

478 

sinuata,  Br.  .     .     . 

137 

filifoiia,  Endl.     .     . 

481 

tridentata,  Benth,    . 

136 

flixuosa,  Lindl.   .     . 

480 

rirgata,  Benth.   .     , 

136 

gracilis,  Lindl.    .     . 

480 

Alternanthera     .     .     . 

248 

liakeoidcs,  Lindl. 

520 

angustifolia,  Br. 

250 

ilicifolia,  Br. 

438 

angustifolia,  Moq.    . 

251 

integrifolia,  Endl.    . 

485 

680 


INDEX    OF    GKNEIIA    ANI)    S1'ECIF.S. 


Page 
Atelandra 

incana,  Lindl,  .  .114 
polystachya,  Lindl.  114 
Atherosperma  .  .  .  284 
micranthum,  Tul.  .  28  5 
moschata,  Lahill.     .  284 

Atriplex 165 

angulata,  Benth  .     .174 

auatralasica,  Moq.   .  173 

Billardieri,  Hook.  f.   180 

campanulata,  Bentli.   177 

capensis,  Moq.     .     .171 

cinerea,  Poir.      .     .171 

crystallina,  Hook.  f.   180 

decumbens,  R.  et  S.  .  176 

denticulata,  Moq.     .  175 

Drummondii,  Moq.  .  170 

elachophylla,  F.  Mu.  176 

eloeafjnoldes,  Moq.    .   171 

exilitblia,   F.  Muell.   175 

glomulifera,  Nees.   .  177 

halimoides.   Lindl.   .   178 

haliinus,  Br.      .     .     171 

haliinus,  Nees     170,  171 

holocarpa,  F.  Muell.  179 

hortensis,  Linn.  .     .1(58 

humilis,  F.  Muell.    .   174 

hymenotheca,  Moq.  .  173 

hypoleuca,  Nees  .     .172 

inerassata,  F.  MueU.  172 

inflata,  F.  Muell.     .179 

isatidea,  Moq.      .     .   170 

leptocarpa,  /'.  Muell.  178 

limbata,  Benth.  .     .178 

Lindlcyi,  Moq.    .     .179 

microcarpa,  Brnth.  .    176 

Moquiniana,   Webb.  .  169 

Muelleri,  Benth.      .   175 

numniularia,  Lindl.    170 

paludosa,  Br.       .     .169 

pcdudosa,  Nees   .      .    170 

patula,  Liim.  .     .     .173 

prostrata,  Br.      .     .176 

prostrata,  Moq.    .     .  172 

pumilio,  Br.  .     .     .176 

reniformis,  Br.   .      .170 

reniformis,  ¥.Mue\l.  169 

rhagodioides,  F.  Mu.   172 

rosct,  F.  Muell.  .     .  175 

semibaccata,  Br.      .   175 

semihaccata,  Moq.   .    179 

spongiosa,  F.  Mudl.  179 

stipitata,  Benth.  .     .  168 

velutinella,  F.Muell.  174 

vesicaria,  JIcw.    .     ,  172 

Avicennia      ....      69 

otBcinalis,  Linn.       .     69 

tomentosa,  Jacq.       .     70 


Page 

Babbagia 192 

dipterocarpa,  Moq.  .  192 

Banksia 541 

aemula,  Br.  .  .  .  556 
aquifoUum,  Lindl.  .  562 
a.sj,knif:lia,  Knight  560 
asplenifolia,  Salisb.  555 
attenuata,  Br.  .  .549 
australis,  Br.  .  .  553 
harhigera,  Meissn.  .  551 
Baueri,  Br.  .  .  .  552 
Baxteri,  Br.  .  .  .  559 
blechnifolia,  F.  Mu.  551 
Brownii,  Baxt.  .  .  549 
Caleyi,  Br.  .  .  .  560 
Candolleana,  Meissn.  561 
eoccinea,  Br. .  .  .  557 
colliua,  Br.  .  .  .548 
compar,  Br.  .  .  .554 
conchifera,  Gsertn.  .  556 
cuneifolia,  Hotfmsg.  555 
Cunninghamii,  Sieb.  548 
cyUndrostachya,Ld\.  550 
dactyloides,  Gsertn.  .  524 
dentata,  Liiin.  f.  .  555 
dentata,  Wendl.  .  .  556 
dcnticulata,       Dum. 

Cours 548 

depressa,  Br.  .  .553 
dilleniafoUa,  Kght.  556 
dryaudroides,  Baxt.  549 
elatior,  Br.  .  .  .  556 
elegans,  Meissn. .  .561 
ericifolia,  Linn.  f.  .  547 
fagifoUa,  Hotfmsg.  556 
ferrea,  Vent.  .  .  .  554 
gibbosa,  Sm.  .  .  .513 
glauca,  Cav.  .  .  .  555 
Goodii,  Br.  .  .  .550 
grandidentata,I)nm. 

Cours 559 

grandis,  Willd.  .  .  552 
Gunnii,  Meissn.  .  .  553 
Hookeri,  Drumm.  .  550 
Hookeriana,  Mcissn.  558 
Hucgdii,  Br.  .  .544 
hypoleuca,  Hotfmsg.  554 
ilicifolia,  Br.  .  .  .561 
insuJaris,  Br.  .  .  553 
integrifolia,  Linn.  f.  554 
Isevigata,  Meissn.  .  558 
latifolia,  Br.  .  .  .555 
ledifoUa,  Cunn.  .  .  548 
Lemanuiana,  Meissn.  560 
Lindleyana,  Meissn.  561 
littoralis,  Br.  .  .  547 
UttoraUs,  Lindl.  .  .  548 
longifoUa,  Desf.  .      .  544 


Page 
macrophylla,  Link  .  554 
marcescens,  Br.  .  .  560 
marcescens,  BonpL  .  554 
marginata,  Cav.  .  .553 
marginata,    var. 

Hort.  Petrop.  .  548 
media,  Br.  .  .  .550 
media,  Hook.  f.  .  .  556 
Meissneri,  Lehin.  .  545 
Menziesii,  Br.  .  .  558 
microstachya,  Cav.  .  553 
mimosoides,  Don  .  544 
mitis,  Knight  .  .  556 
nivea,  Labill.  .  .  574 
nutans,  Br.  .  .  .  545 
ohlongifoUa,  Cav.  .  555 
oblongifoUa,  Lodd.  .  553 
occidentalis,  Br.  .  .  546 
oleifoUa,  Cav.  .  .554 
oleifoUa,  Salisb.  .  524 
ornata,  F.  Muell.  .  557 
paludosa,  Br. .  .  .  554 
patula,  Br.  .  .  .  553 
petiolaris,  F.  Muell.  551 
pinifoUa,  Meissn.  .  546 
pinnatisecta,  F.  Mu.  551 
2:iolypodifoUa,Kuig\ii  551 
prceinorsa,  Andr.  .  560 
prcemorsa,         Dum. 

Cours 554 

prionophylla,  F.  Mu.  548 
prionotes,  Lindl.  .  558 
prostrata,  Br.  .  .551 
pulchella,  Br.  .  .  544 
pyriformis,  Gfertn.  408 
quercifolia,  Br.  .  .  552 
repens,  Lahill.  .  .551 
reticulaia,  Hotfm.  555 
robur,  Cav.  .  .  .  555 
rubra,  Don.  .  .  .  544 
saKcifolia,  Cav.  .  .555 
sceptrum,  Meissn.  .  557 
serrafoUa,  Knight  556 
serrata,  Linn.  f.  .  556 
serrata,  Cav.  .  .556 
serratifoUa,  Salisb.  556 
Solandri,  Br.  .  .  .  550 
speciosa,  Br.  .  .  .  559 
speciosa,  Lindl.  .  .559 
sphffivocarpa,  Br.  .  546 
spicata,  Gisrtn.  .  .554 
spinuiosa,  6'm.  .  .  547 
tenuifoUa,  Salisb.  .  514 
teretifoUa,  Salisb.  .  507 
tricuspis,  Meissn.  .  546 
uncigcra,  Knight  .  556 
undulata,  Lindl.  .  556 
verticillata,  Br.  .     .648 


INDEX    OF    OKNRRA    AND    SPECIES. 


587 


Victorise,  Meissn. 

virens,  Doa.   • 
Bellendena     .     .     .     . 

luontana,  Br.       .     . 
Ber/olonia 

glandulosa,  Spin.     . 
Bleasdalea 

cupanioides,  F.  Mu. 
Blitiim 

atr-iplidnum,  F.  Mu. 

carinafum,  Moq. 

cristatum,  F.  Muell. 

glandulosum,  Moq. 

pumilto,  Moq,     .     . 
Boerhaavia     .     .     .     . 

diflfusa,  Linn.      .     . 

mutabilis,  Br. 

procumhens,  Roxb. 

pubescens,  Br. 

repanda,  Willd.  . 
Brongniartia,  Blume 
Brunella  v.  Prunella    , 
Buckiughamia    . 

celsissima,  F.  Muell. 
Bumuja 

cyanocalyx,  F.  Mu. 


Page 
559 
.■.44 
378 
378 


417 

164 
1G3 
163 
163 
163 
277 
277 
278 
278 
278 
278 
288 
86 
532 
532 

54 


Callicarpa     .     ,     .     .  56 

adenanthera,  Br.      ,  57 

hicolor,  Juss.  ,     ,     .  57 

cana,  Linn.    ,     .     ,  56 

dcntata,  Roth.     .      ,  57 

erioclona,  Schau.     ,  57 

lanata,  Schau.     .      .  57 

longifolia,  Lam.  .     ,  57 

macrophylia,  Vahl.  57 

pedunculata,  Br.      .  57 

Capraria 

c.alycina,  A.  Gr.      .  9 

Cardwellia     ....  538 

sublimis,  F.  Muell.  538 

Carnarvonia  ,      .     .     .  409 

ar.ali:efolia,  F.  Muell.  410 

Caryodaphne 

amtralis,  A.  Br.       .  299 

Browniana,  Nees     .  298 

densijlora,  Meissn.  298 

Cassytha 308 

americana,  Nees      .  311 

casuarince,  Nees       .  310 

ceratopoda,  Meissn.  313 


coronata,  Nees. 
difjitata,  Nees 
dispar,  Schlecht 
filifiraiis,  Linn. 
flava,  Nees 
glabella,  Br.   . 
f/labella,  Sieb. 


309 
312 
310 
311 
310 
309 
311 


Page 
guineensis,  Schura.  ,  311 
melantha,  Br.  .  .311 
micrantha,  Mei.isn.  312 
microcephala,  Meiss.  310 
Muflleri,  Meissn.  .  312 
multijlora,  Nees  ,  .313 
nodiflora,  Meissn.  .  309 
paniculata,  Br.  .  ,311 
phaaolasia,  F.  Muell.  31 C 
piligera,  Schlecht  .  310 
pomiformis,  Nees  .  313 
pubescens,  Br.  .  .  310 
racemosa,  Nees  .  ,312 
remotiflora,  F.  Mu.  311 
rohusta,  Meissn.  .  ,312 
rugulosa,  Meissn,  .  310 
subcapitata,  Meissn. 

312,  313 
tasmanica,  Meissn.  310 
2inibeUafa,  Meissu.       312 

Celosia 

arborescens,  Spreng.    210 

Cenarrhenes  ....  379 
nitida,  Lahill.      .     .  380 

Chenolea 189 

carnosa,  Benth.  .  ,190 
Dallachyana,  i?e)?^A.  191 
eurotioides,  F.  Mu.  191 
Muelleri,  Benth.  .  191 
sclerolsenoides,  i^.  il/,  192 
tricornis,  Ilenfh.       .   191 

Chenopodiace.s:      .     ,  150 

Chenopodina 

australis,  Moq,  .  .  206 
maritima,  Moq.    .     .  206 

Chenopodium .  .  .  .157 
album,  Linn.  .  .  .159 
ambiguum,  Br.  .  .162 
ambrosioides,  Linn. .  162 
atriplicinum,  F.  Mu.  163 
auricomum,  Lindl.  .  159 
australe,  Br.  .  .  .  206 
baccatum,  Labill.  ,  153 
biforme,  Nees  ,  .160 
Brownianum.  B,.  etS.  160 
carinatum,  Br.  .  .162 
congestuw,  Hook.  f ,  .  153 
cristatuni,  F.  Muell.  163 
erosum,  Br.  .  ,  ,160 
furfuraceum,  Moq.  .  159 
glandulosum,¥.  Mn.  163 
glaucum,  Linn.  .  .161 
lanceolafum,  Br.  .  160 
littorale,  Muq.  .  .  162 
microphyllum,  i^.  iff,  161 
murale,  Linn.  .  .160 
nitrariaceum,  F.  M.  158 
pumilio,  Br.    .     .     .  163 


Page 
triangulare,  Br.  .  .160 
trigonon,  11.  et  S.     .161 

Chilodia 

scutellarioides,  Br.  .   101 

Chloanthes  ....  44 
atriplicina,  F.  Mu.  53 
Bartlingii,  Lehm.  ,  49 
hullata,  F.  Muell.  ,  49 
coccinea,  Barll.  .  .  46 
dilatata,  F.  Muell,  ,  51 
glandulosa,  Br.  .  .  45 
hemigenioides,  F. 

Muell.  ....  48 
lavandulifolia,  Sieb.  46 
loxocarpa,  F.  Muell.  51 
Olilfieldii,  F.  Muell.  52 
■pauiculafa,  F.  Muell.  53 
parviflora,  Walp.  .  46 
stachyodes,  F,  Muell.  50 
stoechadis,  Br.  45 

uncinata,  Turcz.  .  49 
verbascina,  F.  Muell.     50 

Cinnamomum  .  .  .  303 
Laubatii,  F.  MueU,  .  304 
Tamala,  Nees       .     .  303 

Clerodendron  ...  60 
attenuatum,  Br.  .  ,  64 
cardiophyllum,¥.M..  64 
coriaceum,  Br.  ,  .  64 
costatum,  Br.  .  .  64 
Cunninghamii,  Bnth.  64 
floribundum,  Br.  .  63 
hemiderma,  F.  Mu.  61 
inerme,  Br.  .  .  .61 
lanceolatum,  F.  Mu.  63 
Linncei,  V.  Muell.  .  61 
medium,  Br.  .  .  .  64 
ovatum,  Br.  ...  64 
tomentosum,  Br.  .  62 
Tracyanum,  F.  Mu.     62 

Codonocarpus  ,  .  .147 
australis,  Cunn.  .  .148 
cotinifolius,  F.  Mu.  148 
pyramidalis,  F.  Mu.   148 

Coleus 79 

afropurpureus,  Bnth.  80 
scutellarioides,  Bnth.     79 

Colobandra 

canescens,  Bartl,  .114 
lanata,  Bartl.  .  .  114 
moUis,  Bartl.  .  .  ,114 
platyphyUa,  Bartl.  .  115 
robusta,  Bartl,  ,  .114 
suhviUosa,  Bartl.     .   115 

Conchium 

aciculare,  Vent.  .  .514 
ceratophyUum,  Sm.  602 
clavatum,  Willil.       .   503 


588 


INDEX    OF    GENERA    AND    SPECIES. 


Page 
compressum,  Sra.  .  614 
cornutum,  Gasrtn.  .  513 
dactylvides,  Vent.  .  524 
drupareum,  Gfertn. .  531 
ellipt/cum,  Sni.  .  .  523 
epif/lottis,  Willd.  .  509 
gibbosum,  Sm.  .  .  513 
longifolium,  Sm.  .  507 
nervosum,  Sm.  .  ,  524 
oleifolium,  Sm.  .  .  527 
pubescens,  Willd.  .513 
puf/ioniforme,  Sm.  .  507 
I>yriforme,  Willil.  .  408 
ruscifolium,  Willd.  .  512 
salicifolium,  Gajitn.  512 
salignum,  Sm.  .  .512 
spharoideum,  Sm.  .  513 
teretifolium,  Gtcrtn.  509 
irifurcafum,  Sm.  .  504 
ConosijeriiiUuj  .  .  .  302 
acerosum,  Lindl.  .  306 
acinacifolium,  Grah.  370 
affine,  11.  et  S.  .  .  372 
amcenum,  Meissn.  .  366 
brachyphyllum,  Ldl.  374 
bracteosum,  Meissn.  375 
Brownii,  Meissn.  .  370 
canaliculatum^^MQiss.  374 
capitatum,  Br.  .  .  365 
cierulescens,  F.  Mu.  307 
cseruleum,  £r.  .  .  368 
crassinervium,3/e2ss.  375 
commutafum,  R.  S. 
Dallachyi,  R  Muell. 
debile,  Kipp.  . 
densiflorum,  Lindl.  369 
diflfusum,  Benth.  .  367 
distichum,  Br. 
distichum,  Meissn. 
ellipticum,  Sm.  . 
ephedroides,  Kipp. 
erectum,  Grah.  . 
ericifolium,  6'?w.  . 
falcifolium,  Knight 
filifolium,  Meissn. 
flexuosum,  Br.  . 
tloribundum,  Benth. 
glumaceum,  Lindl. 
Huegelii,  Br. .  . 
imbricatum,  Sieb. 
incurvuni,  Lindl. 
lanceolatum,  Br. 
laniflorHm  Endl. 
lavandulifoli  um  ,01111.372, 
linifilium,  Cunn.  .  272 
longifolium,  .S'/«.  .  370 
hipuiinum,  Endl.  .  368 
marginatum,  Meissn.  369 


370 
371 
369 


373 
373 
372 
368 
372 
372 
372 
374 
366 
373 
367 
369 
373 
373 
372 
375 


Page 
Mitchellii,  Meissn.  .  371 
nervosum,  Mcissn.  .  367 
pateus,  Schlccht.  .  371 
petiolare,  Br.  .  .  365 
polycephalum,il/f/s.<M.  3o8 
proc(rnm,  F.  Aluell.  373 
2)ropinquum,  Br.  .  372 
repens,  Sieb.  .  .  .371 
rcficulatum,  Sm.  .  360 
rigidum,  Knight  .  373 
scaposum,  Benth.  .  369 
sclerophijllum,  Lindl.  374 
Smit h ii, '  Fers.  .  .370 
sphacelatum,  Llook.  371 
spicatum,  Br.  .  .372 
stoechadis,  Endl.  .  374 
taxifolium,  Sm.  .  .372 
tenuifolium,  Br.  .  .  370 
fenuifolium,  Sieb.  .  370 
teretifolium,  Br.  .  365 
tiiiilinervium,  Br.  .  375 
undulatum,  Lindl.  .   375 

Cryphia 

microphylla,  Br.  .  107 
serpyllifolia,  Br.       .   107 

Cryptocarya  .  .  .  .294 
australis,  Benth. .  .  299 
Bidwillii,  Meissn.  .  297 
cinnamomifolia,  S/i</i.  298 
Cunninghamii,  Meiss.  297 
glaucescens,  Br.  .  .  297 
kypjoglauca,  Meis.  297, 298 
hypospodia,  F.  Muell.  296 
Mackinnoniana,  F.M.  296 
Meissneri,  F.  Muell.  298 
microneura,  Meissn.  297 
Moretoniana,  Meiss.  297 
Muelleri,  M.ti\ssu.  .  303 
Murrayi,  /''.  3Iuell.  295 
obovata,  Br.  .  .  .  296 
obtusifolia,  F.  MuelL  300 
patentinervis,  /'.  Mu.  296 
rigida,  Meissn.  .  .  296 
triplinervis,  Br.  .     .   297 

Cunila 
fruticosa,  Willd.       .  128 

Cyanostegia  .  .  .  .  53 
angustifolia,  Turcz.  53 
Bunnyana,  F.Muell.  54 
interiiiedia,  Turcz.  .  54 
lanceolata,  Turcz.  .  54 
Turczaninovii,  F.  M.     54 

Cy;  lutheca 

australasica,  Moq.   .    146 

Cylicoduphne 

Bindoniana,  P.  Mu.  305 
Fawcettiana,  F.  Mu.  306 
Leefeana,  F.  Muell.    306 


Pape 

Daphnandra  ....  285 

micrautha,  Benth.    .  285 

Darlingia 533 

spectatissima,  F.  Mu.  533 
DasymaUa 

axillaris,  Endl.  .  .  50 
ferminalis,  Endl.  .  50 
Deeringia  ....  209 
aXiissim^,  F.Muell.  .  210 
baccata,  Moq.  .  .210 
eelosioides,  Br.    .     .  209 

Denisonia 54 

ternifolia,  F.  Muell.     54 

Dictyodaphne,  Blume  .  3u0 

Dicrastyles     ....     42 

fulva,  Drumm.    .     .43 

ochrotricha,   /•'.  Mu,     42 

parvifolia,  F.  Mucil.     43 

reiicuhita,  Drumm.  .     43 

rosmarinifoliajTuTCZ.    44 

stoechas,  Druinm.     .     44 

Didymauthus      .     .     .193 

Roei,  Endl.     .     .     .193 

Didymotheca      .     .      .  144 

Drummondii,  Moq.  .   145 

pleiococca,  F.  MuelL  146 

thesioides,  Hook.f.  .  145 

veroniciformis,  F.  M.   145 

Dischisma      ....      31 

capitatum,  Chois.     .     31 

Disoon 

Beckeri,  F.  MuelL    .       7 
cordifolius,  F.  MueH.       8 
floribundus,  A,  DC.        8 
Dissocarpus 

biflorus,  F.  Muell.    .  196 
Ditoca 

muscosa,  Banks   .     .  259 

Doryphora     ....   283 

sassafras,  Endl.   ,      .  283 

Duttonia 

gibbifolia,  F.  Muell.      13 

Diyandra 562 

arctotidis,  Br,  ,  .574 
armaia,  Br.  ,  .  .  567 
Baxteri,  Br,  .  ,  .  573 
bipinuatiiida,  Br.  .  583 
hlcchiiifolia,  Br.  .  583 
Browitii,  Meissn.  .  574 
calophylhv,  Br.  ,  ,  583 
carduacea,  Iiindl.  .  569 
carlinoides,  Meissn.  .  569 
cirsioides,  Meissn,  ,  577 
comosa,  Mcissn.  ,  .  579 
concinua,  Br.  .  .571 
concinna,  Meissn.  .  578 
conferta,  Benth.  .  .  578 
cryptocephala,  Meiss,  577 


INDEX    OF    GENEUA    AND    SPECIES. 


58'J 


Piice 

Page 

cuntata,  Br.  .     . 

5Gt) 

plantaginella,  /•'.  Mu 

164 

J)rammonclii,  Meiss. 

584 

tiegans,  Meissn.  .     . 

582 

Echinopsilon 

falcata,  Br.    .     . 

507 

a7macanthoitles,¥  .M 

201 

fuvosa,  Liudl.      .     . 

5ti8 

bracliyptenis,  F.  Mu. 

189 

ferfiujinea,  Kipp.    . 

58-2 

carnosus,  Moq.    . 

190 

floribuuila,  Br.    . 

569 

eurotioides,    F.    Mu. 

191 

foliolata,  Br.  . 

572 

sc/ero/cvnoidcs,  F.  M 

192 

foliolata,  Meissn.    . 

570 

stc/iiijcrus,  F.  Muell. 

189 

formosa,  Br.  .     .     . 

573 

Einhothrium 

Fraseii.  Br.   .     . 

568 

/)U.cifo/ium,  Sm.  .     . 

464 

Hewardiana,  Meissn. 

577 

crithmifolium,  Sm.  . 

537 

horrida,  Meissn.  . 

579 

cytisoides,  Cav.    . 

470 

Kippistiana,  Meissn. 

570 

yinianfhum,  Cav.     . 

464 

Linilhf/ana.  Mtissn. 

574 

Iierbaeeum,  Cav.  . 

537 

longifolia,  Br.      .     . 

568 

i/lafo/iam.,  Pcjir. 

536 

mucronulata,  Br.     . 

573 

lineare,  Andr. 

471 

mu/tiseriulis,  F.  Mu. 

582 

linearifo/ium,  Cav,  . 

471 

mutica,  JVIeissn.  .     . 

572 

/oncjifo/ium,  Poir.     . 

537 

nana,  Meissn. 

575 

myricoides,  Gtertn.   . 

537 

nervosa,  Br.    .     .     . 

583 

rubricau/e,  Giord.    . 

540 

nivea,  Br 

574 

scdicifo/ium,  Vent.  . 

512 

nobilis,  Li.ncU.     .     . 

572 

sa/i(jnum,  Andr. 

512 

obtusa,  Br.     .     .     . 

682 

sericeum,  Sm. 

470 

patens,  Bentk.     .     . 

578 

si/aifolium,  Sm. 

537 

plumosa,  Br. .     .     . 

576 

spathidatum,  Cav.   . 

534 

polycephala,    Benth. 

570 

speciosissimum,    Sm. 

534 

prtemorsa,  Meissn.   . 

566 

spcciosum,  Salisb.     . 

534 

Preissii,  Meissn.  . 

575 

ti'ictorium,  Labill.    . 

538 

proteoijes,  Lindl.     . 

582 

truncatum,  Labill.   . 

535 

pteridifolia,  Br.  .     . 

583 

Emex 

261 

pulchella,  Meissn.     . 

576 

australis,  Steinh. 

262 

quercifolia,  Meissn.  . 

566 

centropodium,  Meiss. 

262 

runcinata,  Meissn.    . 

582 

Enchylgena    .     .     .     . 

180 

scleropbylla,  Meissn. 

576 

marginata,  Benlh.     . 

182 

seneciifolia,  Br.   . 

577 

micrantha,  Benth.    . 

181 

8erra,  Br.       .     .     . 

571 

raicrophylla   Moq.    . 

181 

serratuloides,  Meiss. 

579 

ixiracloxa,  Br. 

181 

Shuttleworthiana, 

jnibescens,  Moq.   .     . 

181 

Meissn 

580 

tomentosa,  Br.     .     . 

181 

speciosa,  Meissn. 

580 

villosa,  F.  Muc//.     . 

182 

squarrosa,  Br.     . 

571 

Endiandra     .      .     .     . 

300 

sqaarrosa,  Meissn.   . 

570 

discolor,  Benth.   . 

301 

stenoprion,  Meissu.  . 

574 

glauca,  Br.     .     . 

300 

stupposa,  Limll. 

572 

hypotephra,   F.  Mu. 

301 

tenuifolia,  Br.     .     . 

581 

Muelleri,  Meissn. 

302 

tortifolia,  Kipp. 

575 

pubeus,  Meissn.  .     . 

302 

tridentata,  Meissn.  . 

530 

Sieberi,  Nces  .     .     . 

801 

uncata,  CUinn.     . 

581 

virens,  F.  Mue/L 

302 

vestita,  Kipp.     .     . 

577 

Ephie/is 

Dysophylla    .     .     .     . 

81 

simp/idfolia,  Seem. , 

65 

crassicaulis,    Benth. 

81 

Eremodcnc/ron 

tetraphylla,  Wight.  . 

81 

Cunniiicjhamii,  A.  DC 

.   20 

verticillala,  Bent/i.  . 

81 

Eremophila    .     .     .     . 

15 

Dyspliania     .      .     .     . 

164 

adenotricha,  F.  Mu. 

15 

littoralis,  Br. 

164 

a/bicans,  F.  Muell.  . 

27 

littora/is,  iloq.    . 

165 

alteruifolia,  Br.   . 

30 

myriocephala,  Uenth. 

165 

arborcscens,  Cunn,   . 

20 

Becheri,  F.  Muell.    •  "7 

Behriana,  F.  MuelL  12 

bignoniaiflora,  F.  M.  25 

Bowmnutu,  F.  Muel/.  18 

Brovvnii,  F.  Mue//.   .  27 

Ciarkii,  /•'.  Mue//.    .  21 

o-assifo/iii,  F.  Muell.  11 

Vanninijluimii,  Br.  .  20 

Iki/i/aiia,  F.  Muell. .  10 

De/isseri,    F.    Mueil.  11 

c/ensifo/iu,  F.  Muell.  13 

denticulata,   F.  Mu.  29 

divaricata,    F.    Mu.  14 

Drummondii,  F.  Mu.  24 

Duttoni,    F.    Mue/L  28 

eriocaly.x,  F.  Mue/L  19 

.    Forrestii,    F.  Mae/L  18 

Freelingii,  F.  Mue/L  25 

gibbosifolia,    F.  Mu.  14 

Goodwinii,  F.  Mue//.  25 

graciliflora,  F.  Muel/.  23 

Grahami,  F.  MuelL  ,  27 

incana,  F.  Muell.     ,  27 

latifolia,  F.  MueU.  .  30 

Latrobei,  /'.  Miid/.  .  22 

leucophylla,  A?«?/i.  .  18 

longifolia,  F.    Mue/L  23 

Macdonellii,    /'.  Mu.  22 

Mackinlayi,    F.  Mu.  17 

maculata,  F.  Muel/.  29 

Maitlandi,  F.  MuelL  19 

microtheca,  F.  Muell.  14 

Mitchelli,  Benth.       .  21 

myoporoides,  F.  Mu.  6 

Ofdtieldii,  /'.  Mue/L  28 

oppositifolia,  Br.       .  20 

Paisleyi,  /•'.  Muett.  .  20 

platycalyx,  F.Muell.  26 

polyclada,  /'.  Mue/l.  24 

resinosa,  F.  Muell.   .  12 

rotundifolia,  /•'.  Mu .  1  9 

santcdina,  F.  Muell.  15 

scoparia,  F.  Muell.  .  11 

Sturtii,  Br.     ...  21 

subfloecosa,  Bcnth.  .  28 

tubercu/ata,  F.    Mu.  22 

viscida,  Encl/.       .     .  26 

Willsii,  F.  Mue/L     .  26 
Woo//siana,  F.  iM.  12,  14 

Eriochiton 

sc/ero/cenoicles,  F,  M.  192 

Euxo/us 

enervis,  F.  Muell.    .  217 

interruptus,  Moq.     .  215 
/ineatus,  Moq.     .     .215 

rhombeus,  Moq.   .     .  215 

^ondu/cUas,  Moq.       .  215 

viridis,  Moq.        .      .  216 


690 


INDEX    OF    GENERA    A\D    SPECIES. 


Page 

Faradava 69 

splendida,  F.  Muell.     69 

Franklandia  ....   376 

fucifolia,  Br.  .     .     .  376 

triaristata,  Bcnth.    .  377 

Gmelina 64 

fasciculiflora,  Benth.  65 
Leichhardtii,  F.  Mu.  66 
ruacrophylla,    Benth.     65 

GomphreDa  ....  262 
affinis,  F.  Muell.  .  254 
brachystylis,  F.  Mu.  255 
brevijlora,  F.  Muell.  257 
Brownii,  Moq.  .  .  255 
canescens,  Br.  .  .  253 
conferta,  Benth.  .  .  257 
conica,  Spreng.  .  .  256 
diffusa,  Spreng.  .  .  257 
firma,  F.  Muell.  .  254 
flaccida,  Br.  .  .  .  254 
humilis,  Br.  .  .  .  254 
lanata,  Br.  .  .  .  255 
leptoclada,  Bcnth.  .  255 
Maitlandi,  F.  Muell.  256 
parviflora,  Benth.  .  2.'i7 
pusilla,  Benth.  .  .  256 
\.&nt\\a,,  Benlh.     .     .   256 

Goniotriche 

tomentosx,  Turcz.     .   221 

Grevillea 417 

acanthifolia,  Cunn.  .  438 
acerosa,  F.  Muell.  .  465 
acicularis,  R.  et  S.  .  469 
acifolia.  Spreng.  .  469 
aciphylla,  Sieb.  .  .  469 
acrobotrya,  Meissn. .  486 
acuaria,  F.  Muell.  .  452 
acuminata,  Br.  .  .  443 
acuminata,  Sw.  .  .  443 
aj;rifolia,  Cunn.  .  .  455 
alpestris,  Meissn.  .  441 
Alphonsiana,  F.Mu.  497 
alpina,  Lindl.  .  .  441 
amplexans,  F.Muell.  488 
anethifolia,  Br.  .  .  482 
angulata,  Br.  .  •  455 
angustata,  Br.  .  .  459 
annulifera,  F.  Muell.  460 
aquifolium,  Lindl.  .  437 
aquifolium,  Meissn.  479 
atenaria,  Br.  .  .  .  442 
argyrophylla,  Meissn.  4^4 
armigera,  Meissn.  .  439 
asparagoides,  J/c(«s»?.  439 
aspera,  Br.  .  .  .450 
aspera,  var.,  Meissn.  449 
asplenifolia,  Knight.  435 


Page 
atlenuata,  Cunn.  .  441 
australis,  Br.  .  .472 
autumnali.s,  Lhotzk.  440 
Banksii,  Br.  .  .  .434 
Barklyana,  F.  Muell.  436 
Baueri,  Br.  .  .  .443 
Baxteri,  Br.  .  .  .  432 
Behrii,  Schlecht.  .  438 
berberifolia,  Sw.  .  426 
biformis  Meissn.  .  485 
bipinnatifida,  Br.  .  439 
biternata,  Meissn.  .  487 
Bleasdalii,  F.  Mu.  417 
blechnifolia,  Cunn.  .  435 
brachyantha,  Lindl.  454 
brachystachya,  Meis.  474 
brachystylis,  Meissn.  450 
bracteosa,  Meissn.  .  477 
brevicuspis,  Meissn.  481 
brevifolia,  F.  Muell.  467 
Brownii,  Mcissn.  .  449 
buxifolia,  Br.  .  .  464 
Caleyi,  Br.  .  .  .  435 
caliipteris,  Meissn.  .  459 
Candolleana,  Meissn.  466 
canescens,  Br.  .  .443 
capillaris,  Meissn.  .  481 
capitellata,  Meissn.  470 
carduifolia,  Cunn.  .  456 
ceratophylla,  Br.  .  458 
chrysodendron,  Br.  .  434 
chrysophcea,  F.  Mu-  440 
cinerea,  Br.  .  .  .  440 
cinerea,  Cunn.  .  .  443 
cinerea,  Lodd.  .  .443 
cirsiifolia,  Meissn.  .  436 
coccinea,  Meissn.  .  432 
commutata,  F.  Mu.  473 
concinna,  Br.  .  .  431 
confertifolia,  F.  Mu.  471 
crithmifolia,  Br.  .  477 
ctenophylla,  Meissn.  429 
Cunuinghamii,  Br.  .  45d 
cynanchicarpa,  31eis.  453 
Ballachiana,  F.  Mu.  441 
daphnoides,  Sieb.  .  444 
depauperata,  Br.  .  449 
didymobotrya,  Jleis.  481 
diffusa,  Sieb.  .  .  .  470 
dimidiata,  F.  Muell.  457 
dimorpha,  F.  Muell.  469 
disjuncta,  F.  Muell.  451 
divaricata,  Br.  .  .445 
diversifolia,  Meissn.  475 
Drummondii,  Meiss.  451 
Dryandri,  Br.  .  .  458 
dubia,  Br.  ...  470 
dumetorum,  Meissn.    438 


Endlicheriana,  Meis. 
ericifolia,  Br. 
erinacea,  Meissn. 
eriostachya,  Lindl. 
eryngioides,  Benth. 
fasciculata,  Br.   . 
ferruginea,  Grah.     . 
ferruginea,  Sieb 
filifolia,  Meissn.  . 
flexuosa,  il/eiVsn. 
Flindtrsii,  Cunn. 
floribunda,  Br.    . 
Gaudichaudii,  Br.     . 
gibbosa,  Br.   . 
ylubella,  Br.   . 
ghibrata,  Meissn. 
glauca,  Knight    . 
Goodii,  Br. 
grammatophylla,   F. 

Muell 

hakeoides,  Meissn.    . 
haplantha,  F.  Muell. 
heliosperma,  Br. 
heteropjhylla,  Cunn. 
Hewardiana,  Meiss. 
HiOiana,  F.  Muell. 
Hookeriana,  Meissn. 
Huegelii,  Meissn. 
humifusa,  Cunn. 
ilicifolia,  Br.  . 
ilicifolia,  Cunn. 
indula,  F.  Muell.     . 
insignis,  Kipp.     . 
integrifolia,  Meissn. 
intricata,  Mcissn. 
juncifolia,  Hook. 
juniperina,  Br.    . 
lanigera,  Cunn. 
Latrobei,  Meissn. 
laurifolia,  Sieb.   . 
lavandulacea,  Schl. 
leiophylla,  F.  Muell. 
Lenianniana,Meissn. 
leptobotrya,  3Ieissn. 
leucadeudron,  Cunn. 
leucopteris,  Meissn. 
Lindleyana,  Meiss. 
linearis,  Br.   .     . 
lineata,  Br.    . 
lobata,  F.  MueU.      . 
longifolia,  Br.     . 
longiloba,  F.  Muell. 
longistyla,  Hook. 
lorea,  Br. 

macrostylis,  F.  Mn. 
Manglesii,  Hortal. 
manglesioides,  Meis. 
Martinii,  F.  Muell. 


Page 
474 

444 
489 
433 
476 
449 
440 
442 
475 
480 
426 
440 
438 
463 
445 
486 
463 
446 

518 
476 
451 
457 
458 
432 
463 
432 
457 
43t) 
437 
455 
437 
443 
485 
481 
447 
469 
444 
444 
436 
448 
471 
432 
480 
461 
460 
448 
471 
462 
438 
435 
461 
446 
496 
428 
486 
475 
482 


INDEX    OF    UKNliHA    ANU    SPECIES. 


591 


Page 

Puge 

Meissncriana,    F. 

ramosissima,    Mei.^s 

478 

Muell.    .      .     . 

449 

raiuulosa,  F.  Muell 

448 

micrantka,  Meissn. 

472 

refi-acta,  Br.   . 

458 

mimosoides,  Br. 

.  462 

repens,  F.  Mueli. 

437 

I^Iiqueliana,  /'.  Mu. 

4(37 

rigens,  Cunn. 

459 

Mitclallii,  Hook. 

.  434 

riyidissinia,   F.  Mu 

457 

montaiia,  Br. 

441 

ripuria,  Br.    .     . 

471 

monticola,  Meism. 

478 

riparia,  Sieb. 

445 

mucronifolia,  Cunn. 

426 

robusta,  Cann.    . 

459 

mucronulata,  Br. 

.  443 

rosea,  Lindl.  . 

448 

Muelleri,  Bentk. 

.  479 

rosmarinifolia,  Cunn 

445 

myrtacea,  Sieb.  . 

443 

rudis,  Meissn. 

484 

myrtiUifolia,  Cuun. 

444 

saccata,  Beatk.    . 

450 

neglecta,  Br.  .     . 

447 

scabra,  Mtissn.   . 

466 

nematophylla,  F.  M 

482 

scabrella,  Aleissn. 

445 

nudidora,  Mcissn. 

430 

segnientosa,  F.  Mu.  . 

461 

nutans,  Meissn. 

445 

sericea,  Br.     .     . 

470 

obliqua,  Br.    .     . 

461 

scricostackya,  Meiss 

433 

obtusiflora,  Br.    . 

442 

Seyniourice,  Sweet   . 

469 

obtusifolia,  Meissn. 

427 

Shuttleworthiana, 

occidentalis,  Br. 

465 

Meissii.   . 

484 

oleoides,  jl5'te6. 

468 

singuliflura,  F.Muell 

452 

oligantha,  F.  Muell. 

453 

sparsiflora,  F.  Muell 

428 

oreophita,  F.  Muell. 

441 

sphacelata,  Br.    . 

464 

ornithopoda,  Meiss. 

486 

sphacelata,  Cuun.     . 

440 

oxystigma,  Meissn. 

466 

steuocarpa,  F.Muell 

485 

paniculata,  Meissn. 

487 

stenomera,  F.  Muell 

430 

paradox.a,  F.  Muell. 

483 

K^ternbergiana,  Hort. 

477 

■paralkla,  Knight 

459 

Sirangea,  Btntk, 

453 

pai"viflora,  Br.     . 

472 

striata,  Br.     .     .     . 

462 

patentiluba,  /♦".  Mu. 

429 

stricta,  Br.      .     .     . 

471 

paucitiora,  Br. 

453 

Stuartii,  Meissn. 

473 

pectinata,  Br.      .     . 

429 

8lurtii,  Br.      .     .     . 

447 

pedunculosa,  F.  Mu. 

430 

stylosa,  Steud,     . 

441 

petrophiloides,  Meiss 

483 

sulpjkurea,  Cunn. 

469 

phylicoidej,  Br. 

464 

synapheae,  Br.     .     , 

480 

pinaster,  Meissn. 

427 

tenuiflora,  Mtissn,   , 

483 

pinifolia,  Meissn. 

452 

tenuifolia,  Br.     . 

473 

pinnatisecta,  F.  Mu. 

473 

teretifolia,  Meissn.    . 

476 

pityopki/lla,  F.  Mu. 

433 

tetragonoloba,  Meiss. 

432 

jilanifolia,  Lodd. 

470 

Thelemanniana,  Fnd. 

431 

platypoda,  F.  Muell. 

428 

thyrsuides,  Meissn,  . 

433 

plurijuga,  F.  Muell. 

430 

trachytheca,  /'.  Mu, 

477 

podali/riiefolia,  Sw. 

443 

tridenlifera,    Meissn. 

488 

podocarpifolia,   Sw. 

426 

trifida,  Meissn.    ,     . 

479 

polybotrya,  Meissn. 

482 

trifurcata,  Sw.    .     . 

426 

polyhotrya,    F.    Mu. 

triloba,  Meissn.   .     . 

487 

459, 

482 

trinervis,  Br.  .     .     . 

469 

polystachya,  Br. 

459 

trineura,  F.  Mueil.  . 

498 

Preissii,  Meissn. 

431 

tripartita,  Meissn.    . 

428 

pteridifolia,  Knight 

434 

trisecta,  F.  Muell.     . 

513 

pterosperma,  F.  M. 

432 

triternata,  Br.     .     . 

478 

pubescens,  Hook. 

444 

umbellulata,  Meissn. 

465 

pulchella,  Meissn.     . 

484 

umbratica,  Cunn. .    . 

460 

pungens,  Br.        .     . 

456 

variubilis,  Lindl. 

437 

punicea,  Br.  .     .     . 

468 

vtlutina,  Cunn.   . 

458 

pyramidalis,  Cunn. 

462 

venusta,  Br.    .     .     . 

446 

quercifolia,  Br.   .     . 

454 

vestita,  Meissn.  .     . 

4^8 

Victorioe,  F.  Muell.  . 
Wickhauii,  Meissn.  . 
Wilsoui,  Cutin.    . 
Gyrosteiuou  .... 
acaciwforiuis,  F.  JIu. 
angustifolius, 6i:hmt. 
attenuatus,  Houk.    . 
brachysiigma,  F.  Mu. 
colinifolius,  l)esf.     . 
cyclutheca,  Bentk.    . 
X>ungins,  Lindl.  . 
}iyrainidalis,  F.  Mu, 
ramulosus,  Uesf. 
raiiiulosus,  Lehm.    . 
raiiiuLosus,  Schlecht, 

Hakea 

acantkophylla,  Link. 
acicularis,  Br.     .     . 
aduata,  Br.    . 
ambigua,  Meissn, 
amplexicaulis,  Br,  . 
angustifolia,   Hortl. 
arboresceus,  Br,   ,   . 
attenuata,  Br. 
attenuata,  Meissn.   , 
auriculata,  Meissn,  , 
Baxteri,  Br.  . 
bifrons,  Meissn.  .     , 
bipiunatifida,  Br. 
Buucheana,    Kunth. 
brachyptera,  Meissn. 
brackyrrhyncha,    F. 

Muell 

Brownii,  Mcissn. 
Candolleana,  Meissn. 
canescens,  Link. 
carduifolia,  Lodd. 
carinata,   F.   Muell. 
ceratophylla,  Br. 
chordophylla,  /'.  M. 
cinerea,  Br.   . 
circumalata,  Meissn. 
clavata,  Labill.   ,     . 
commutata,    F,  Mu. 
conchifolia,  Hook.   , 
corymbosa,  Br.    ,     . 
costata,  Meis.m.  . 
crassifolia,  Meissn.  . 
crassinervia,  Meissn. 
cristata,  Br.  .     , 
cucullata,  Br, 
Cunniughamii,  Br.  . 
cyclocarpa,  LiiuU.    . 
cycloptera,  Br.   .     . 
da<;tyIoides,  Cuv. 
decurrens,  Br.    . 
denticulata,  Br. 


PaKo 
468 
455 
447 
145 
149 
150 
148 
146 
149 
146 
149 
148 
147 
150 
146 

489 
.  502 
514 
499 
523 
509 
524 
497 
528 
510 
510 
501 
516 
532 
505 
505 

515 

501 

504 

519 

495 

524 

501 

495 

519 

516 

503 

517 

522 

519 

526 

498 

520 

510 

521 

495 

498 

515 

524 

514 

609 


692 


INDEX    OF    GENERA    AND    SPECIES. 


clrupacea,  R.  et  S.  .  531 
cchinnta,  Mackay  .  495 
elli}.tica,  Lr.  .  .  .'i'23 
epiglottis,  Lahill.  .  508 
eriantha,  Br.  .  .  502 
erinacea,  Mtissn.  .  505 
eucalyptoides,  Meiss.  518 
falcata,  £r.  .  .  .  524 
falcata,  Meissn.  .  504 
ferruginea,  Siveet  .  5'22 
ferruqinea,  Lodd.  .  524 
flabellifolia,  Meksn.  501 
flexilis,  F.  Muell.  .  530 
flexilis,  Br.  .  .  .514 
florida,  £r.  .  .  .527 
florulenta,  Meissn.  .  512 
Francidana,  F.  Mu.  518 
Fraseri,  Br.  .  .  .  49t) 
gibbosa,  Cav.  .  .513 
Gilbcrtii,  Kipp.  .  .  529 
glabella,  Br.  .  .  .509 
glahra,  Schrad.  .  .  507 
glauca,  Knight  .  .  507 
grammaiophylla,F.M.  518 
keteropihylla,  Hook.  528 
Hookeriana,  Meissn.  500 
ilic-ifolia,  Br.  .  .  528 
incrassata,  Br.  .  .  600 
intermedia,  Hook.  .  528 
intricuta,  Br.  .  .  531 
Kippistiana,  Meissn.  506 
laciniosa,  F.  Muell.  502 
Lamherti,  Sweet  .  495 
lanigera,  Teu.  .  .513 
lasiantha,  Br.  .  .502 
lasiocarpha,  Br.  .  528 
lutifolia,  Lodd.  .  .495 
lativalvis,  F.  Muell.  499 
laurina,  Br.  .  .  .  518 
Lehmanniaua,  Meiss.  529 
/eucadendron, Meiss.  501 
leiKOcephcda,  Dietr.  .  5] 5 
leucoptera,  Br.  .  .515 
ligustrina,  Knight  .  527 
linearis,  Br.  .  .  .511 
lissocarpha,  Br.  .  .  531 
lissospernia,  Br.  .  515 
longicuspis,  Hook.  .  515 
lovgifolia,  Cunn.  .  496 
longifolia,  Dum.  Co.  495 
loramhifolia.  il/c?s«w.  521 
lorea,  Br.  .  .  .496 
macrocarpa,  Cunn.  .  496 
marginata,  Br.  .  .  526 
Meissncriana,  Kipp.  529 
megalosperma,  il/c(AX.  503 
microcarpa,  Br.  .  .516 
Milligani,  Meissn.  .  509 


mimosoidcs,  Cnnn.    . 
Mitchcllii,  Meissn.   . 
mixta,  Lindl. 
multilineata,  Meissn. 
myrtoides,  Meissn.   . 
nervosa,  Kuight . 
neurophylla,  Meissn. 
nitida,  Br. 
nodosa,  Br.    . 
nodosa,  Meissn.  . 
obliqua,  Br.   . 
obliqua,  Lndd.     . 
obtusa,  Meissn.   .     . 
Oldfieldii,  Bcnth.     . 
oleifolia,  Br.  .     .     . 
orthorrhyncha,  F.  M. 
piachyphylla,  Sieb.   . 
Panipliniana,    Kipp. 
pandanicarpa,  Br.    . 
parilis,  Kuight    . 
patula,  Br. 
jjectinata,  Colla  . 
petiolaris,  Meissn.    . 
p)etrophiloides,  Hort. 
pilulifera,  Lindl. 
pjinifolia,  Salisb. 
platysperma,    Hoolc. 
plurinervia,  F.    Mu. 
Preissii,  Meissn. 
)irnpinqua,  Cunn.     . 
pirostrata,  Br. 
pubcscens,  Hort.  Cels. 
pubescens,  Schrad     . 
pugiouiformis,  Cav. 
purpurea,  Ilooh.  . 
pycnohotrys,  F.  Mu. 
pycnoneura,  Meissn. 
pjyriformis,  Cav. 
recurva,  Mcissn. . 
rejianda,  Br. 
Roei,  Bcnth.  . 
rostrata,  F.  Mucll. 
ruhricuulis,  CoUa.    . 
rugosa,  Br.     . 
ruscifolia,  Labill, 
saligna,  Kvight    . 
scoparia,  Meissn. 
semipilana,  F.  Muell, 
sericea,  Schrad.  . 
smilacifolia,   Meissn. 
stenocarpa,  Br.    . 
steuocarpoides,  F.  M. 
stenophylla,  Cunn.  . 
stricta,  ¥.  Muell.     . 
strumosa,  Meissn.    , 
suaveolens,  Br.    . 
subsulcata,  Mcissn. 
suhulata,  Cunn.   .     , 


Pace 
512 
516 
604 
618 
526 
524 
521 
530 
514 
517 
500 
515 
519 
530 
527 
503 
514 
507 
499 
507 
516 
531 
520 
531 
466 
513 
505 
523 
506 
513 
509 
555 
513 
506 
513 
530 
525 
408 
516 
522 
499 
508 
540 
508 
511 
512 
529 
514 
614 
622 
525 
611 
497 
515 
517 
531 
529 
495 


sulcata,  Br.    . 

tenuifolia,  Dm.Cours. 

tephrospierma,  Br.    . 

tricostata,  Hook. 

Iricruris,  Liudl.  . 

triformis,  Lindl. 

trifurcata,  Br.     . 

trinenns,  Meissn. 

trineura,  /'.  Muell.  . 

tuberculata,  Br.  .     . 

ulicina,  Br. 

undulata,  Br. 

varia,  Br 

verrucosa,  F.  Muell. 

Victorice,  Drumm,    . 

virgata,  Br.  . 

vittata,  Br.     .     .     . 
Halocnemuni 

australusicum,  Moq. 

cinereum,  F.  Muell. 
Hedycar^a     .     .     .     . 

angustifolia,  Cunn.  . 

austrulasica,  A.  DC. 

Cunninghamii,  Tul. 

dentata,  var.,  Sond. 

macropjhylla,  Cunn. 

pseudomorus,  F.  Mu. 

racemosa,  Tul. 
Helicia 

australasica,  F.Muell 

conjunctijlora,  F.  Mu. 

Hurlingiana,  F.  Mu. 

ferruginea,  F.  Muell. 

glabriflora,  F.  Mutll. 

prsealta,  F.  Muell.    . 

Scottiana,  F.  Muell. 

ternifolia,  F.  Muell. 

verticillata,  F.Muell. 

Youngiana,  F.  Muell. 
Hemiandra    .      .     .      . 

brcvifolia,  Benth.     . 

emarginata,  Lindl.  . 

glabra,  Benth.     .     . 

hirsuta,  Benth.  . 

incana,  Bartl. 

junipcrina,  Bartl.    . 

leianlha,  Benth.  . 

lincaris,  Bentb.    . 

longifolia,  Bartl. 

pungens,  Br.  .     .     . 

rupestris,  Hueg.  .     . 
Hemichroa     .     .     .     . 

diandra,  Br.   . 

pentandra,  Br.     . 
Hemiclidia. 

Baxtcri,  Br.    .     .     . 
Hemigenia      .     .     .     . 

argcntea,  Bartl.  .     . 


Paee 

528 
495 
515 
519 
504 
609 
604 
523 
497 
528 
524 
520 
527 
512 
522 
515 
507 

202 
203 
290 
291 
291 
291 
291 
289 
291 
292 
404 
,405 
405 
533 
405 
405 
404 
409 
407 
407 
406 
108 
109 
109 
109 
109 
110 
109 
110 
109 
109 
109 
109 
211 
211 
211 

567 
110 
116 


INDEX    OF    OENERA    AND    SPECIES. 


593 


barbata,  Barll.  .  .116 
canesceiis,  Bentk.  .  114 
cuneifolia,  Bcnth.  .  118 
curvifolia,  F.  Mitell.  117 
dii)lanthera,  F.  Mu.  119 
Drummondii,  Bcnth.  119 
glabresceus,  Benth.  .  115 
humilis,  Benth.  .  .  117 
iucana,  Bcnth.  .  .113 
lanata,  Beuth.  .  .114 
longifolia,  Benth.  .  121 
macrantha,  F.  Mucll.  112 
microphylla,  Benth.  113 
mollis,  Benth.  .  .  114 
obtusa,  Benth.  .  .  115 
parviflora,  Bartl.  .  116 
pimeiifolia,  F.  Mu.  119 
platyphylla,  Benth.  115 
podalyrina,  F.  Muell.  114 
polystachya,  Benth.  114 
purpurea,  Br..  .  .118 
ramosissima,  Benth.  113 
rigida,  Benth. .  .  .112 
scabra,  Benth.  .  .117 
sericea,  Benth.  .  .116 
Sieberi,  Benth.  .  .118 
subvillosa,  Benth.  .  115 
teretiuscula,  F.  Mu.  118 
westringioides,^ereiA.  117 

Hemisteirus 

psilotrichoides,  F.  M.  226 

Eernandia  ....  313 
bivalvis,  Benth.  .  .  314 
peltata,  Meissn.    .     .  314 

Bylogyne 

australis,  Knight  .  535 
speciosa,  Knight .     .  534 

Hymenotheca 
pyramidalis,  F.  Mu.  148 

Hyptis 80 

suaveolens,  Poit.      .     80 

Illecebrum 

angustifolium,SpTeii.  251 
denticulatum,  Spren.  250 
nanum,  Spreng.  .     .  250 

Iresine 

Brownii,  Moq.  .  .257 
conica,  Moq.  .  .  .  257 
Cunninghamii,  Moq.  256 
macrocephula,  Moq.  257 
tenella,  Moq.  .     .     .  256 

Isopogon 336 

adenanthoides,  Mcis.  343 
anemonifolius,  Kngt.  347 
anethifolius,  Knight.  346 

asper,  Br 348 

attenuatus,  Br.   .     .340 

VOL.  V. 


Page 
axillaris,  Br.  .  .  .341 
Baxteri,  Br.  .  .  .342 
buxifolius,  Br.  .  .  341 
ceratophyllus,  Br.  .  347 
cornigerus,  Lindl.  .  346 
crithmifolius,  F.  Mu.  348 
cuneatus,  Br.  .  .  339 
divergens,  Br.  .  .349 
Drummondii,  Benth.  344 
formosus,  Br.  .  .  349 
heterophyllus,  Meiss,  345 
latifolius,  Br.  .  .  338 
latifolius,  Meissn.  .  339 
linearis,  Meissn.  .  339 
lougifolius,  Br.  .  ,344 
Loudoni,  Baxt.  .  .  339 
pedunculatus,  Br.  .  338 
petiolaris,  Cunn.  ,  347 
petrophiloides,  Br.  .  346 
jKtrophiloidcs,  Meis.  345 
polycephalus,  Br.  .  339 
protea,  Meissn.  .  .  339 
roseus,  Lindl.  .  .343 
scaber,  Lindl.  .  .  348 
scaber,  Meissn.  .  .  343 
scabriusculus,  Meiss.  349 
spathulatus,  Br. .  .  341 
sphserocephalus,  Ldl.  340 
teretifolius,  Br.  .  .  345 
tridens,  F.  Muell.  .  342 
trilobus,  Br.  .  .  ,  343 
trilobus,  Meissn.  342,  344 
tripartitus,  Br.  .  .344 
uncinatus,  B7:  .  .  341 
villosus,  Meissn.      .   345 

Josephia 

rachidifolia,  Knight  574 
sessilis,  Knight    .     .569 

Kentropsis 

brevicuspis,  F .  Muell.  1 98 
diacantha,  Moq.  .  195 
criocan^/ia,  F.Muell.  195 
glabra,  F.  Muell.  .  201 
lanata,  Moq.  .     .     .195 

Kibara 288 

laxiflora,  Be7ith.  .  .  289 
longipes,  Benth.  .  .289 
macrophylla,  Benth.  288 
pubescens,  Benth.     .  290 

Klanderia 

chlorantha,  F.   Mu.   108 

Knightia 

Darlingii,  F.  MuelL  533 

Kochia 183 

aphylla,  Br.  .  ,  ,  188 
appressa,  Benth.  .     .188 


Page 

brachyptera,  F.  Mu,  189 
brevifolia,  Br.  .  ,  185 
ciliata,  F.  Muell.  .  188 
eriantha,  F.  Muell.  186 
lanosa,  Lindl,  .  .184 
lobiflora,  F.  Muell.  .  184 
oppositifolia,  F,  Mu,  185 
planifolia,  F.  Muell.  187 
pubescens,  Moq.  .  .187 
pyramidata,  Bcnth. .  186 
sedifolia,  F.  Muell.  187 
stelligera,  F.  Muell.  189 
thymifolia,  Lindl.  .  186 
tomentosa,  F.  Muell.  187 
triptera,  Benth.  .  .185 
villosa,  Lindl.     ,     .186 

LABIAT.E 70 

Lachnocephalus 

lepidotus,  Turcz.  .  42 
Lachnostachys  ...  87 
albicans,  Hooh.  .  .  38 
ferruginea,  Hook.  ,  39 
verbascifolia,  F.  Mu,  38 
Walcottii,  F,  Muell.  39 
Lagrezia 

altissima,  Moq.  .  .210 
Lambertia  .  .  .  .413 
Drummondii,  Gard.  414 
echinata,  Br,  ,  .416 
ericifolia,  Br,  .  .414 
formosa,  Sm.  .  .  .415 
ilicifolia,  Hooh.  .  .416 
inermis,  Br.  .  .  .414 
multiflora,  Lindl.  .  415 
propinqua,  Br.  .  .416 
rariflora,  Meissn.  .  414 
ttretifolia,  Gtertn.  .  507 
uniflora,  Br.  .     ,     .413 

Lantana 34 

Camara,  Linn,  .  .  34 
LAURINE.E  ....  293 
Laurus 

australis,  Cunn.  .  .  299 
Bowiei,  Hook.  .  .  299 
Cassia,  Koel.  .  .  .  304 
Tamala,  Ham.  .  .  303 
Learosa,  Reichenb.  .  284 
Leonotis 

leonurus,  Br.  .  .  73 
Lestibudesia 

arborescens,  Br.   .     .210 

Leucas 90 

decemdentata,  Sm.   .     90 
flaccida,  Br.    ...     90 
Linkia 

lcBvis,  Cav.      .     .     .396 

Lippia 34 

Q  Q 


594 


INDEX    OF    OEXERA    AXD    SPECIES. 


Page 

Page 

Page 

geminata,  Kunth 

.      35 

barbata,  Br.  , 

.   125 

stenophylla,  F,  Mu 

275 

nodiflora,  Rich.    . 

.     35 

brevidens,  Benth. 

.    124 

Mtoporine^. 

.       1 

Litsaea      .... 

.  306 

capitata,  Benth.   . 

.   122 

Myoporum      .     .     . 

.       2 

consimilis,  Nees  . 

.  307 

evicifolia,  Benth.  . 

.   123 

acuminatum,  Br. 

.  3,  4 

dealbata,  iVees     . 

307 

exserta,  Benfh.     . 

.  124 

adscendens,  Br.  . 

.       5 

fo/iosa,  Nees  . 

.  307 

glabra,  Benth.    . 

124 

apiculatum,  A.  DC 

5 

pidchella,  Meissn. 

307 

lenticularis,    F.  Mn 

.  126 

Beckeri,  F.  Muell. 

.       7 

zeylanica,  Nees    . 

307 

loganiacea,  F.  Muell 

.   122 

brevifolium,  BartL 

,     13 

Loraatia     .... 

535 

longiflora,   F.  Muell 

.  121 

brevipes,  Benth.  . 

.       6 

angustifolia,  Schnitz 

537 

longifolia,  Benth. 

.   }21 

caprarioides.  Benth 

.       5 

Fraseri,  Br.    .     . 

536 

obovata,  Benth.  . 

.   126 

Cunningha.nii,  Blh 

4 

fraxinifolia,    F.  Mu 

536 

parvifolia,  Benth. 

.   124 

cyanantherum,  Cun 

4 

ilicifolia,  Br.  . 

536 

pimeleoides,  F.  Mu 

.  123 

Dampieri,  Cunn. 

4 

longifoiia,  Br.     . 

537 

purpurea,  Br. 

.   12« 

debile,  Br.      .     . 

8 

polymorpha,  Br.  . 

538 

selaginoides,  Bartl. 

125 

deserti,  Cunn.     , 

5 

silaifolia,  Bi:  .     . 

537 

subcanescens,  Benth 

123 

diffusum,  Br. 

9 

tinctoria,  Br.  , 

537 

tenuifolia,  Benth. 

122 

dulce,  Benth. 

6 

Lyeopus   

84 

virgata,  Br.   . 

125 

ellipticum,  Br.    . 

4 

australis,  Br.  .     .     . 

85 

Micromeria 

floribundum,    Cunn. 

8 

Lysanthe 

affinis,  Hook.  f.  . 

84 

glandulosum,  A.  DC 

5 

cana,  Knight  .     . 

442 

australis,  Benth. 

83 

graci/e,  Baitl.     . 

6 

cytisifolia,  Knight    . 

470 

gracilis,  Benth.    . 

83 

humile,  Br. 

6 

linaricefolia,  Knight 

471 

satureioides,    Benth 

84 

insulare,  Br.   .     . 

4 

podalyricefolia,  Knt. 

443 

sessilis,  Hook.  f. 

84 

laxiflorum,  Benth. 

6 

sericea,  Knight    . 

470 

Mniarum 

montamtm,  Br.     . 

4 

speciosa,  Knight .      . 

468 

bijiorum,  Forst.  . 

259 

mucronulatum,^.i)(7.     9 

stylosa,  Knight    .     . 

441 

fasciculatum,  Br. 

260 

oppositifolium,  Br. 

7 

ptedunculatum,    Lab. 

259 

parvifolium,  Br. 

6 

Macadamia    .     .     .     . 

406 

sivgulijlorum,   F.  M. 

259 

patens,  Cunn. 

6 

ternifolia,   F.  Muell. 

406 

Mollinedia     .     .     .     . 

286 

platycarpum.  Br.     . 

7 

yeri\c\\\3.i&,  F.Mnell. 

407 

acuminata,  F.  Mu. 

287 

rugulosum,  F.  Muell. 

6 

Youngiana,  F.  Muell. 

406 

Huegeliana,  Tul. 

286 

salsoloides,  Turcz.     , 

8 

Maireana 

loxocarya,  Benth. 

287 

serratum,  Br.       ,     . 

4 

stelligera,  F.  Muell.  . 

189 

macrophylla,  Tul.    . 

289 

slrictum,  Cunn.    .     . 

6 

tomentosa,  Moq.  . 

187 

Wardellii,  F.  Muell. 

287 

subserratum,  Nees     . 

5 

Mallophora    .      .     .     . 

41 

Molloya 

tenuifo/ium,  Forst.  . 

4 

corymbosa,  Endl. 

43 

cynan  chicarpa,  Meis. 

454 

tenuifoiium,  Br.  .     . 

4 

globiflora,   £7idl.  .     . 

41 

Moluccella 

tasmanicum,  A.  DC. 

4 

Manglesia 

laevis,  Linn.    ,     . 

73 

tuberculatum,  Br.    . 

5 

cuneata,  Endl.     .     . 

486 

M0NIMIACE.E       .      .     . 

282 

viscosum,  Br. 

5 

glahrata,  Lindl. 

486 

Monococcus    .      .     .      . 

144 

Myristica 

281 

tridentifera,  Endl.    . 

488 

echinophorus,  F.  M, 

144 

cimicifera,  Br.    .     . 

282 

vestita,  Endl.       .      . 

488 

Moschosma    .     .     .     . 

75 

insipida,  Br.  .     .     . 

281 

Marrubium 

australe,  Benth.  .     . 

76 

MvRISTICEiE  .... 

281 

vulgare,  Linn.     .     . 

73 

poly  stachyum,  Benth. 

75 

Melissa 

Muhlenbeckia     . 

272 

Nepeta 

officinalis,  Linn.  . 

73 

adpressa,  Meissn. 

273 

cataria,  Linn.      .     . 

73 

Mentha 

81 

axillaris.  Hook.  f.    . 

275 

Nesodaphne  .... 

299 

aquatica,  Linn.   .     . 

82 

australis,  Hook.  f.    . 

274 

obtusifolia,  Benth.    . 

299 

australis,  Br.  .     .     , 

83 

Cunninghamii,  F.M. 

276 

Newcastlia     .... 

39 

diemenica,  Spreng.   . 

83 

flexuosa,  Meissn. 

274 

cladotricha,  F.  Muell. 

40 

gracilis,  Br.    .      .     . 

83 

Jiorulenta,  Meissn.    . 

276 

spodiotricha,  F.  Mu. 

40 

grandiflora,  Benth.   . 

82 

gracillima,  Meissn.  . 

274 

Nyctagine^      ,     . 

276 

laxiflora,  Benth.  .     . 

82 

Gunnii,  Hook.  f. 

274 

Nyssanthes    .... 

246 

eatureioides,  Br.  .     . 

84 

parvifolia,  Meissn. 

275 

diff"usa,  Br.     .     .     . 

247 

serpyllifolia,  Benth. . 

84 

polybotrya,  Meissn. 

275 

erecta,  Br.      .     .     . 

247 

viridis,  Linn.  .     .     . 

82 

polygonoides,  F  M. 

275 

media,  Br.       ... 

248 

Microcorys     .      ,      .     , 

120 

rhyticarya,  F.  Mu. 

274 

INDEX    OF    QENERA    AND    SPECIES. 


695 


Pago 

Page 

Page 

Obione 

dillwynioides,  Meiss. 

388 

salicina,  Pers.      .     . 

395 

Billardieri,  Moq.     . 

180 

Druinmondii,  Lindl. 

390 

Saundersiana,  Kipp. 

384 

Ocimum 

74 

elliptica,  Br.  .     . 

391 

scabra,  Br.      .     .      . 

389 

anisodoruni,   F.  Mu. 

74 

falcata,  Br.    .      .     . 

385 

scabrella,  Meissn.     . 

388 

caryophi/llinum,  F.  M 

.  74 

fastigiMta,  Br. 

393 

scopuria,  Meissn. 

384 

polystacliyum,    Linn. 

75 

fastiyiata,  Cunn  . 

400 

serice.i,  Cunn.      .     . 

393 

sanctiim,  Linn.    . 

74 

ferrusinea,  6'm.    . 

391 

spathulata,  Br.    . 

389 

scuteUarioides,  Linn. 

80 

Jilifolia,  Dietr.    . 

397 

spathulata,  Sieb. 

399 

Oreodaphne 

Jl  .vifolia,  Br. 

389 

striata,  Br.     .     .     . 

388 

Bowiei,  Walp.     .     . 

299 

Jlexifolia,  Lodd.  . 

402 

striolata,  Meissn. 

388 

Orjganum 

Fraseri,  Br.    . 

384 

suffruticosa,  F.  Mu. 

403 

vulgare,  Linn.     .     . 

72 

Fraseri,  Meissn. 

387 

sulcata,  Meissn.  . 

387 

Orites 

410 

glauctscens,  Sieb. 

396 

surrecta,  F.  Muell.  . 

403 

acicularis,  Br.      .     . 

412 

ynidioides,  Sieb. 

394 

tenuifolia,  Br.     .     . 

403 

diversifolia,  Br.  .     . 

411 

{iraminea,  Br      .     . 

390 

teniiifolia,  Meissn.  . 

402 

excelsa,  Br.    .     .     . 

411 

Gunnii,   Hook.  f. 

399 

teretifolia,  Br.     .     . 

383 

lancifolia,  F.  Muell. 

412 

hakeseformis,   Meiss. 

383 

thymifolia,  Cunn.     . 

401 

Miliigani,  Meissn.     . 

411 

hirsuta,  Pers. 

394 

tinifolia,  Cunn.  . 

392 

revoluta,  Br.  .     .     . 

412 

juniperina,  Lahill.  . 

403 

tortifolia,  Meissn.     . 

386 

Orilina 

lanceolata,  Andr.     . 

395 

triuervis,  Meissn. 

386 

acicularis,  Br.      .     . 

412 

latifolia,  Audr.   .     . 

396 

velutina,  Cunn.    .     . 

393 

Orthosiphon   .... 

76 

laureola,  Liudl.  . 

391 

virgata,  Br.    .      .     . 

402 

stamineus,  Benth.     . 

76 

laurina,  Pers.      .     . 

391 

Petrophila     .     .     .      . 

319 

Osteocarpum 

ledifolia,  Cunn.  .     . 

398 

acicularis,  Br.      .     . 

323 

salsuc/inosum,  F.  M. 

198 

ligustrina,  Knight   . 

396 

anceps,  Br. 

324 

linariifolia,      Cunn. 

402 

axillaris,  Meissn.     . 

327 

Parontchiace^      .     . 

258 

linearis,  Andr.    . 

397 

biloba,  Br.       .     .     . 

324 

Palmeria 

291 

linearis,  Sieb.      .     . 

402 

biternata,  Meissn.     . 

330 

racemosa,  A.  DC. 

292 

longifolia,  Br. 

390 

brevifolia,  Lindl. 

323 

scaudens,  F.  Muell.  . 

291 

lucida,  Br.     . 

396 

canescens,  Cunn. 

332 

Pevtadactylon 

macrostachya,  Lind. 

384 

carduacea,  Meissn.   . 

328 

angustifolium,  Gsert. 

397 

marginata,  Br.    . 

392 

chrysantba,  Meissn. 

331 

Pentapteiion 

media,   Br. 

391 

circinata,  Kipp.  . 

333 

involucratum,  Turcz. 

584 

microcarpa,  Br.  .     . 

387 

colorata,  Meissn. 

326 

Persoonia 

380 

microphylla,    Br.     . 

401 

conifera,  Meissn. 

335 

400 

miinosoides,  Cunn.   . 

386 

crassifolia,  Br.    .     . 

322 

acenisa,  Sieb.  .     .     . 

403 

Mitchellii,  Meissn.   . 

393 

crispata,  Br.  .     .     . 

334 

acicularis,  F.  Muell. 

388 

mollis,  Br.      .     .     . 

399 

Cunninghamii,  Meis. 

325 

angulata,  Br.       .     . 

402 

moUis,    Cunn.     .     . 

399 

divaricata,  Br.     . 

326 

angustiflora,    Benth. 

386 

myrtilloides,  Sieb.    . 

401 

diversifolia,  Br.    . 

329 

angus'ifolia,  Kuight  397 

nutans,  Br.     .     .     . 

401 

Drummondii,    Meiss. 

334 

apiculata,  Meissn.    . 

402 

obcordata,  Cunn.     . 

393 

dubia,  Br. 

343 

arborea,  F.  Muell.  . 

394 

oblongata,  Cunn. 

400 

ericifolia,  Br.       .     . 

331 

arida,  Sieb.    .     .     , 

394 

oleifolia,  Cunn.    .     . 

401 

fastigiata,  Br.     . 

333 

articulata,  Br.     .     . 

390 

oxycoccoides,  Sieb.    . 

401 

fiLifolia,  Br.   . 

323 

aspera,  Cuun. 

394 

pallida,  Grah.     .     . 

403 

fucifolia,  Knight     . 

332 

atienuata.  Br.     . 

396 

pentadactylon,^ieud. 

397 

glanduligcra,  Lindl. 

327 

brachystylis,  F.  Mu. 

385 

pinifolia,  Br.  .     .     . 

397 

grarilis.  Cuun.     . 

325 

Caleyi,  Br.     .      .     . 

398 

jtinifolia,  Sieb.    .     . 

397 

heterophylla,   Lindl. 

324 

Caleyi,  F.  Muell.      . 

403 

planifolia,  Cunn.     . 

400 

inconspicua,  Meissn. 

327 

chamwpeuce,    Lhotk. 

402 

prostrata,  Br. 

395 

intncata,  Lindl. 

327 

cbamiEpitliys,   Cunn. 

394 

pruinosa,  Cunn. 

397 

juncifolia.  Lindl. 

323 

comata,  Meissn.  . 

385 

quinquenervis,  Hook 

389 

linearis,  Br.    .     .     . 

323 

confertiflora,    Benth. 

396 

revoluta.  Sieb. 

338 

longifolia,  Br. 

322 

coroiiolia,  Cunn. 

392 

rigida,  Br. 

399 

macrostachya,  Br.    . 

329 

Cunningbamii,  Br.  . 

400 

rudis,  Mei.<sn. 

387 

media,  Br.     . 

322 

curvifolia,  Br.     .     . 

400 

rufiflora,  Meissn. 

389 

multisecta,  F.  Muell. 

335 

daphnoidcs,  Cunn.  . 

395 

saccata,  Br.    .     . 

384 

pedunculata,  Br. 

332 

596 


INDEX    OF    OENEKA    AND    SPECIES. 


Paee 
pliylicoides,  Br.  .  .331 
Ijluinosa,  Meissn.  .  330 
propinqua,  Br.  .  .  325 
pulchella,  Br.  .  .  332 
rigida,  Br.  .  .  .334 
Eoci,  Endl.  .  .  .321 
scubriuscula,  Meiss.  331 
semifurcata,  F.  Mu.  335 
seminuda,  Lindl.  .  333 
Serruriae,  Br.  .  .327 
sessilis,  Sieh.  .  .  332 
Shuttleworthiana, 

Meissn.  .  .  .329 
squamata,  Br.  .  .325 
striata,  Br.  .  .  .326 
teretifolia,  Br.  .  .  321 
trifida,  Br.  .  .  .  328 
trifida,  Lodd.  .  .  344 
triternata,  Kipp.  .  334 
Philoxerus 

canescens,  Poii'.  .  .  253 
conicus,  Br.  .  .  .  257 
diffusus,  Br.  .  ,  .257 
flaccidus,  Poir.  .  ,254 
humilis,  Poir.  .  .  255 
lanatus,  Poir.      .     .  255 

Pholidia 9 

adenotricha,  F.  Mu.  14 
Behriana,  F.  Mtielt.  12 
brevifolia,  Benth.  .  12 
cnissifolia,  F.  Muell.  1 1 
Dalyana,  F.  Muell.  .  10 
Delisserii,  F.  Muell.  11 
densifolia,  F.  Muell.  13 
(i\va,r\caXa,,  F.  Muell.  14 
gibbifolia,  F.  Muell.  13 
imbricata,  Benth.  .  13 
microtheca,  F.  Mu.  14 
jiolyclada,  F.  Muell.  24 
resinosa,  Fndl.  .  .  11 
santalina,  F.  Muell.  15 
scoparia,  Br. .  .  .  10 
Woollsiana,  F.  Mu.  12 
Pholidiopsis 

santalina,  F.  Muell.      15 
Physopsis      ....     40 
spicata,  Turcz.    .     .     41 
Phytolacca 

octandra,  Linn.  .     .143 

Phytolaccace^      .     .142 

Piptocalyx     ....   292 

Moorei,  Oliv.       .     .   292 

Pisonia 279 

aculeata,  Linn.  .  .  279 
Brunouiana,  Endl.  .  280 
fjrandis,  Br.  .  .  .  280 
inermis,  Forst.  .  .  280 
liinonella,  Blume     .  280 


Pase 
Mooriana,  F.  Muell.  281 
Sinclaini,  Hook.  f.  .  281 
villosa,  Poir.  .     .     .280 

Pityrodia 46 

atriplicina,  F.  Miiell.  52 
Bartlingii,  Benth.  .  49 
cuneata,  Benth.  .  .  51 
dilatata,  F.  Muell.  .  51 
Drummondii,  Turcz.  51 
exsuccosa,  F.  Muell.  43 
hemigenioides,  F.  M.  48 
inyriantha,  F.  Mu.  43 
Oldfieldii,  F.  Muell.  52 
paniculata,  F.  Muell.  53 
racemosa,  Benth.  .  50 
salvifolia,  Br.  .  .  48 
uncinata,  Benth.  .  .  48 
verbascina,  F.  Muell.  50 
Plantagine^     .     .     .  137 

Plantago 137 

antarctica,  Dcne.  .  141 
Archeri,  Hook.  f.  .141 
hellidioides,  Dcne.  .  140 
Brownii,  Rap.  .  .141 
carnosa,  Br.  .  .  .142 
consanguinea,  Dcne,  140 
coronopus,  Linn.  .  138 
Cunninghaniii,T>cne.  139 
Daltoni,  Dcne.  ,  .141 
debilis,  Br.  .  .  .139 
dehilis,  Nees  .  .  .140 
Drumniondii,  Dcne.  140 
e.7-ilis,  Dcne.  .  .  .  140 
Oaudichaudii,  Barn.  140 
glahrata,  Hook.  f.  .141 
Gunnii,  Hook,  f.  .  142 
hispida,  Br.  .  .  .  140 
hispida,  Auct.  .  .140 
laneeolata,  LAnn.  .  138 
leptostachys, 'B.ook.  f.  141 
major,  Linn.  .  .  .138 
Mitchelli,  Dcne.  .  .140 
paradoxa,  Hook.  f.  142 
runcinata,  Dcne.  .  140 
sericophylla,  Dcne.  .  140 
stellaris,  F.  Muell.  .  142 
struthionis,  Cunn.  .  140 
tasmanica,  Hook.  f.   141 

varia,  Br 139 

Plectranthus ....  77 
ausfralis,  Br.  .  .  78 
congestus,  Br.  .  .  78 
graveolcns,  Br.  .  .  78 
longicornis,  F.  Mu.  77 
moschatus,  Br.  .  .  76 
parvitlorus,  Willd  .  78 
j>arviflorus,  Br.  .  .  75 
scutellarioides,  Br.    .     80 


Page 
Pogonia 

dehilis,  Andr.  ...       9 
glahra,  Andr.  ...        4 

PoLYGONACE^       .       .       .    261 

Polygonum  ....  266 
adenophorum,^l>TeTa..  271 
adpressum,  Labill.  .  273 
adpressum,  Br.  ,  .  274 
angustissimum,  F.M.  275 
articulatum,  Br.  .  270 
attenuatum,  Br.  .  272 
australe,  Spreng.  .  270 
aviculare,  Linn.  .  .  267 
barbatum,  Linn.  .  270 
Cunni7ighamii, Meia.  276 
decipiens,  Br.  .  .269 
diclinum,  F.  Muell.  275 
elatius,  Br.  .  .  .271 
glandidosum,  Br.  .  2/1 
gracile,  Br.  .  .  .  269 
hispidum,  H.B.etK.  272 
hydropiper.  Linn.  .  269 
junceum,  Cunn.  .  .  276 
lanigerura,  Br.  .  .  271 
lapathifolium,  Linn.  270 
minus,  Hucls.  .  .  269 
muricatum,  Meissn.  268 
nodosum,  Pers.  .  .  271 
orientale,  Linn.  .  .  271 
^yedunctdare,  Wall.  ,  268 
pilosum,  Roxb.  .  .272 
plebeium,  Br.  .  .267 
polybotryum,  F.  Mu.  275 
prostratum,  Br.  .  .  268 
serrulatum,  Lag.  ,  269 
spectahile,  Mart,  .  272 
strigosum,  Br.  .  .  268 
subsessile,  Br.    .     .   269 

Premna 58 

acuminata,  Br.  .  .  60 
attenuata,  Br.  .  .  59 
cordata,  Br.  ...  60 
Dallachyana,  Benth.  59 
glycycocca,  F.  Muell.  59 
integrifolia,  Linn.  .  59 
limbata,  Benth.  .  .  59 
meclia,  Br.  .  .  .59 
obtusifolia,  Br.  .  .  58 
ovata,  Br.  ...  59 
salvifolia,  Spreng.  .  48 
scrratifolia,  Linn.  .  59 
Tracyana,  F.  Muell.  62 
Prostanthera  ...  91 
aspalathoides,  Cunn.  107 
atrip>licifolia,  Cunn.  95 
Baxteri,  Cunn.  .  .102 
Behriana,  Schlecht.  .  102 
Caleyi,  Benth.     .     .108 


INDEX    OF    OENERA    AND    SPECIES. 


6d7. 


PaRe 

Page 

Page 

calycina,  F.  Muell.  . 

107 

Pseudopholidia 

cuneata,  Gaud.  . 

52 

canaliculata,  F.  Mu. 

102 

hrcvifolia,  A.  DC.    . 

13 

dilatata,  F.  Muell.  . 

51 

chlorantha,    F.   Mu. 

108 

Psilotrichum 

hemigenoides,  F.Mu. 

48 

coccinea,  F.  Muell.  . 

107 

capitatum,  F.  Muell. 

209 

loxocarpa,  F.  Muell. 

51 

cserulea,  JBr.  .     . 

94 

helichrysoides,       F. 

Oldfieldii,  F.  Muell. 

52 

cotinifolia,  Cunn.     . 

96 

Muell 

241 

paniculata,  F.  Muell. 

53 

cryptandroides,  Cun. 

105 

Ptilotus 

241 

racemosa,  Turcz. 

50 

cuneata,  Benth.  . 

99 

arvoides,  P.  Muell. 

240 

stachyodcs,  F.  Muell. 

50 

docussata,  F.  Muell. 

100 

alopccuroideus,  F.  M. 

224 

verbascina,  F.  Muell. 

50 

denticulata,  Br.  . 

97 

arthrolasius,  F.  M. 

240 

empetrifolia,  Sich.    . 

101 

astrolasius,  F.  Mu. 

222 

Rhagodia 

151 

euphrasioides,  Benth. 

104 

Beckeri,  F.  Muell. 

229 

baccata,  Moq.      .     . 

153 

eurybioides,  F.  Mu. 

105 

ccExpitulosus,  F.  Mu. 

240 

Billardieri,  Br.    .     . 

152 

hirtula,  F.  Muell.    . 

97 

calostachyus,  F.  Mu. 

236 

Candolleana,  Moq.  . 

153 

incana,  Cunn. 

97 

conicus,  Br.    . 

242 

chenopodioides,  Moq. 

152 

incisa,  Br.      .     .     , 

95 

corymbosus,  Br. 

242 

congesta,  Moq.     . 

153 

incisa,  Sieb.    .     .     . 

96 

declinatus,  Nees 

230 

crassifolia,  Br.    ,     . 

154 

lasianthos,  Lahill.    . 

93 

distans,  Poir. 

224 

dioica,  Nees.   .     . 

154 

Leichhardtii,  Benth. 

106 

diraricatus,  F.  Mu. 

231 

Drummondii,    Moq. 

155 

linearis,  Br,    .     . 

100 

Driimmondii,  F.  M. 

235 

Gaudichaudiana,iIfo5 

.154 

linearis,  Sieb.      .     . 

131 

erubescens,  Schlecht. 

231 

hastata,  Br.   . 

156 

lithospermoides,      F. 

exaltatus,  Nees  .     . 

227 

linifolia,  Br.   . 

157 

Mudl 

101 

florihundus,    F.  Mu. 

234 

linifolia,  Nees    .     . 

155 

marifolia,  Br.       .     . 

98 

fusiformis,  Poir. 

235 

nitrariacea,  F.  Mu. 

159 

melissifolia,  F.  Mu. 

95 

gomphrenoides,  F.  M. 

244 

nutans,  Br.     .     .     . 

156 

microphylla,  Cunn.  . 

106 

gracilis,  Poir. 

235 

obovata,  Moq. 

155 

nivea,  Cunn.  .     .     . 

103 

grandiflorus,  F.  Mu. 

243 

parabolica,  Br.   .     . 

153 

odoratissima,  Benth. 

104 

helichrysoides ,  F.  M. 

241 

parvifolia,  Moq. 

155 

ovalifolia,  Br.      .     . 

95 

helipteroides,  F.  M. 

231 

Preissii,  Moq.      .     . 

155 

phylicifolia,  F.  Mu. 

100 

heniistcirus,   F.   Mu. 

226 

prostrata,  Cunn. 

156 

pimelcoides,  F.  Mu. 

104 

holosericeus,  F.  Mu, 

238 

radiata,  Nees 

153 

prunelloides,  Br. 

94 

humilis,  F.  Muell.  . 

245 

rcclinata,  Cunn. 

153 

retusa,  Br.      .     .     . 

96 

incanus,  Poir.      .     . 

222 

spinesceus,  Br.    , 

155 

retusa,  Sieb.  .     .     . 

97 

lanatus,  Cunn.    .     . 

238 

Rosraarinus 

rhombea,  Br.       .     . 

99 

latifolius,  Br.       .      . 

244 

officinalis,  Linn. 

73 

ringens,  Benth.    ,     . 

106 

lepidus,  F.  Muell.    . 

243 

Rumex 

262 

rotundifolia,  Br.  .     . 

96 

Lindleyi,    F.  Muell 

221 

acetosella,  Linn, 

265 

rugosa,  Cunn.     .     , 

98 

macrocephcdus,  Poir. 

226 

acutus,  Sm.    . 

263 

saxicola,  Br.  .     .     . 

104 

macrotrichus,   F.  M. 

244 

bidens,  Br.     .     .     , 

265 

Sieberi,  Benth.    .     . 

96 

Manglesii,  F.  Muell. 

228 

Brownii,  Campd. 

263 

spinosa,  F.  Muell.    . 

99 

Murrayi,  F.  Muell.  . 

243 

Brovmii,  Schlecht.  . 

264 

striatiflora,  F.  Mu. 

103 

nohilis,  F.  Muell. 

225 

conglomeratus,  Mur. 

263 

Sullivanice,  F.  Muell 

104 

227 

228 

crispus,  Linn 

263 

thymifolia,  Cunn.     . 

97 

obovatus,  F.  Muell. . 

221 

crystallinus,  Lange  . 

263 

violacea,  Br.  ,     .     . 

96 

pachocephalus,  F.  M. 

226 

Druminondii,  Meiss. 

264 

Protea 

parvifolius,   F.   Mu. 

241 

dumosus,  Cunn.  .     . 

264 

acufera,  Cav.       .     . 

346 

polystachyus,  F.  Mu. 

225 

fimbriatus,  Br.     .     . 

264 

anemonifolia,  Salisb. 

347 

pyramidatus,  F.  Mu. 

237 

halopbilus,  F.  MueU. 

265 

anethifolia,  Salisb.  . 

346 

rotundifolius,  F.  M. 

223 

MueUeri,  Meissn.     . 

264 

dichofoma,  Cav. . 

332 

sericoslachyus,  F.  M. 

234 

oxysepalus,    Meissn. 

264 

divarirata,  Andr.     . 

346 

spathulatus,  Poir.    . 

237 

pulcher,  Linn.    . 

264 

fucifo'ia,  Salisb. 

332 

spicatus,  F.  Muell.  . 

243 

nectarina,  Wendl.     . 

415 

villosiflurus,   F.  Mu. 

245 

Salicoruia      .     .     .     . 

201 

pulchella,  Schrad.    . 

332 

Pycnolachne 

arbuscula,  Br.     . 

203 

tridactylites,  Cav.     . 

347 

ledifolia,  Turcz. 

39 

australis,  Soland.     . 

205 

Proteacea    .     .      .     . 

315 

bidens,  Bcnth.     . 

204 

Prunella 

86 

Quoya 

cinerea,  /''.  MueU.    . 

203 

vulgaris,  Linn.    . 

87 

atriplicina,  F.  Muell. 

53 

indica,  Br.     .     . 

205 

598 


INDEX    OF    GENERA    AND    SPECIES. 


:  Page 
indica,  Willd.  .  .  205 
leiostachya,  Benth.  .  203 
robusta,  F.  Muell.  .  202 
tenuis,  Benth.     .     .   204 

Salsola 206 

atislralis,  Br.  .  .  207 
brachyphylla,  Spren.  186 
brachypteris,  Moq.  .  208 
carinata,  Spreng.  .  163 
Kali,  Linn.  .  .  ,207 
macrophylla,  Br.      .   207 

Salvia 85 

coccinea,  Linn.  .  .  86 
plebeia,  Br.  ...  85 
pratensis,  Linn.  .  86 
sclarea,  Linn.  .  .  86 
verbenaca,  Linn.      .     86 

Sarcogonum 

adpressum,  Gr.  Don. .  273 

Sarcostigma,  GriflF.       .  288 

Sarratia 214 

Sciadicarpus,   Hassk.     288 

Sclerantbus  ....  258 
biflorus,  Hook.  f.  .  259 
diander,  Br.  .  .  .260 
fasciculatus,  Hook.  f.  260 
jnn\&Tok\es,  F.  3Iuell.  259 
pungens,  Br.       .     .   260 

Sclerochlaiuys 

brachyptera,  F .  Mu.     189 

Sclerolfena  .  .  .  .193 
bicornis,  Lindl.  .  .195 
biflora,  Br.  .  .  .196 
coriacea,  Moq.  .  ,194 
diacantha,  Benth.  .  194 
lanicuspis,  F.  Muell.  195 
paradoxa,  Br.  .  .196 
uuiflora,  Br.  .  .  .194 
uniflom,  Lindl.    .      .  188 

Scoparia 

australis,  Sieb.    .     .134 

Scutellaria  ....  87 
humilis,  Br.  ...  88 
inoUis,  Br.      ...     88 

SklaginejE 31 

Sentis 

rhiinchocarpa,        F. 
Mu 14 

Simsia 

anethifolia,  Br.  .  .  358 
latifolin,  Br.  .  .  358 
tenuifolia,  Br.     .      .358 

Spartothaninus  .  ,  ,  55 
junceus,  Cunn.   .     .     55 

Stachys 

arvensis,  Liim.    ,     .     73 

palustris,  Linn.  .     .     73 

Stenocarpus  ,     .     .     ,  539 


Paee 

Page 

acacioides,  F.  Muell. 

540 

Telanthera 

concolor,    F.    Muell. 

540 

longipes,  Moq.     . 

252 

Cunninghamii,  Br. 

540 

Telopea 

533 

Cunninghamii, Hook. 

539 

oreades,  F.  Muell.    . 

534 

'  Moorei,  F.  Muell.     . 

540 

speciosissima,  Br. 

534 

saliguus,  Br.  .     .     . 

539 

truncata,  Br. 

535 

sinuatus,  Bndl.   . 

539 

Tersonia 

149 

Stenochilus 

brevipes,  Moq.     .     . 
subvolubilis,  Benth. 

149 

alhicans,  Bartl.    . 

27 

150 

bignoniipflorus,  Benth 

.   25 

Tetranthera  .... 

304 

curvipes,  Benth. .     . 

29 

apetala,  Roxb.    . 

305 

glaber,  Br.      .     .     . 

27 

Bindoniana.  F.  Mu. 

305 

incanus,  Lindl.    .     . 

27 

dealbata,  Br. 

307 

longifolius,  Br.    .      . 

24 

ferruginea,  Br.    , 

305 

maculatus,  Ker  .     . 

29 

Fawcettiana,  F.  M. 

306 

ochroleucus,  Cunn.  . 

27 

laurifolia,  Jacq.  .     . 

305 

pubiflorus,  Benth.    . 

24 

nesogena,  F.  Muell. 

306 

racemosus,  Endl. 

29 

reticulata,  Meissn.    . 

306 

salicinus,  Benth. 

24 

Teucrium      .... 

132 

serrulatus,  Cunn. 

30 

argutum,  Br. 

135 

suhr.anescens,  Bartl. 

27 

corymbosum,  Br. 

133 

viscosus,  Grah.    .     . 

27 

fililobum,  F.  Muell. 

134 

Stirlingia 

356 

integrifoliura,  F.  Mu 

133 

abrotanoides,    Meiss. 

357 

lanceolatum,  Benth. 

134 

affiyds,  Meissn.    . 

357 

petrophieum,  F.  Mu. 

134 

a;iethifolia,  EndL    . 

358 

raceniosum,  Br.  . 

132 

capillifolia,  Meissn. 

357 

sessiliflorum,  Benth. 

134 

intricata,  Meissn.     . 

358 

trifldum,  Schlecht.  . 

135 

latifolia,  Steud.   .     . 

358 

Theleophyton 

paniculata,  Lindl.   . 

358 

Billarditri,  Moq.     . 

18j 

simplex,  Lindl.   .     . 

357 

Threlkeldia  .      .     .     . 

196 

tenuifolia,  Endl. 

358 

brevicuspis,  F.  Mu. 

198 

teretifolia,  Meissn.   . 

357 

dififusa,  Br.     . 

197 

Strangea 

haloragoides,  F.  Mu. 

198 

liyiearis,  Meissn. 

453 

salsuginosa,  F.  Mu, 

197 

Stylurus 

Trichinium   .     .     .     . 

217 

buxifolia,  Knight    . 

464 

ffirvoides,  F.  Muell. 

240 

collina,  Knight  .     . 

464 

alopecuroideiim,  Lin 

224 

Suseda 

205 

alopecuroideum,  Bot. 

australis,  Moq.    .     . 

206 

Keg.       .     .     .     . 

227 

maritima,  Buniort.  . 

206 

angustifolium,  Moq. 

226 

tamariscina,  LindL 

181 

arthrolasium,  F.  Mu. 

239 

Symphyonema    . 

377 

astrolasium,  F.Muell 

222 

abrotanoides,  Sieb.  . 

378 

atriplicifolium,  Cun 

.221 

montanum,  Br.  ,     , 

377 

auriculifolium,    Cun 

233 

paludosum,  Br.  . 

378 

axillare,  F.  Muell. 

232 

Synaphea  .... 

359 

Beckerianum,  F.  Mu. 

228 

acutiloba,  Meissn. 

361 

brachyanthum,  F.M 

239 

hrachystachya,  Lindl 

360 

hrachytrichum,  F.  M 

231 

decorticans,  Lindl. 

362 

cajspitulosum,  F.  M 

240 

dilatata,  Br.  . 

360 

calostachyum,  F.  M 

236 

Drummondii,  Meiss 

360 

candicans,  Nees  . 

224 

favosa,  Br..    .     . 

360 

carneum,  Moq.    . 

232 

gracillima,  LindL 

362 

carnosum,  Moq.  .     . 

190 

petiolaris,  Br. 

361 

conicum,  LindL    . 

224 

pinnata,  Lindl.    . 

362 

conicum,  Spreng. 

242 

polymorpha,  Br. 

360 

corymbosum,  Gaud. 

226 

Preissii,  Meissn. 

.  361 

corymbosum,  Spreng 

.  243 

INDEX    OF    GEXERA    AND    SPECIES. 


699 


Page 
Cunninghamii,  Bnth.  238 
declinatum,  Moq.  .  230 
den.^mm,  Cunn.  .  .  225 
dissitiflorum,  F.  Mu.  223 
distans,  £r.  .  .  .  223 
divaricatum,  Gaud.  231 
Drummondii,  Moq.  .  235 
criorrphalum,  Moq.  .  230 
erubescens.  Moq.  .  230 
esquainatum,  Benth.  229 
exaltaturo,  Benth.  .  227 
florihundum,  Moq.  .  234 
Fraseri,  Cunn.  .  .  236 
fusiforme,  Br.  .  .  234 
fasifo)'me,  Lindl.  .  226 
fusiforme,  Nees  .  .  235 
Gaudichaudii,  Steu.  226 
giganteum,  Cunn.  .  224 
gnaphalodes,  Cunn.  .  222 
gomphrenoides,  Moq.  229 
gracile,  Br.  .  .  .  235 
helichrysoides,  F.  M.  241 
helipteroides,  F.  Mu.  231 
holosericeum,  Moq.  .  237 
humile,  Nees  .  .  .  245 
incanum,  Br.  ,  .  .  221 
incanum,  Moq.  .  .  221 
lanatum,  Lindl.  .  .  221 
laxum,  Benth.  .  .  232 
leucocoma,  Moq.  .  .  238 
linifolium,  Cuun.  .  231 
macrocephalum,  Br.  225 
macroce2}halum,Moq.  227 
macrocephalum,Nees  228 
Manslesii,  Lindl.  .  228 
mucronatum,  Nees  .  237 
nanum,  F.  Muell.  .  245 
Dobile,  LindL  .  .  224 
obovatum,  Gaud.  .  220 
pachocephalum,  Moq.  226 
pallidum,  Moq.  .  .  224 
parviflorum,  Lindl.  .  222 


parvifolium,  F  Mu.  241 
polystachyum,  Gaud.  225 
.  Preissii,  Nees  .  .  224 
pulchellum,  Cunn.  .  228 
pyi'amidatum,  3foq.  237 
Koei,  F.  Muell.  .  .  240 
roseum,  Moq.  .  .  234 
rotundifolium,  F.  M.  223 
semilanatum,  Lindl.  227 
sericostachyum,  Nees  234 
sessilifolium,  Lindl.  221 
sctigerum,  Cunn.  .  228 
spathulatum,  Br.  .  236 
spectahile,  Fd.  et  Gn.  228 
Stirlingii,  Lindl.  .  232 
striatuni,  Moq.  .  .  233 
variahile,  F.  Muell.  .  221 
villosum,  Nees  .  .  239 
virgatum,  Cunn.  .  222 
Tricondylus 

myricwfolius,  Knght.  537 
silaifolius,  Knight.  .  537 
tinctorius,  Knight.   .   538 

Verbena 35 

bonariensis,  Linn.    .  36 

macrostachya,  F.  M.  36 

oflScinrtlis,  Linn.       .  36 

VERBENACE.S!  ....       31 

Vitex 66 

acuminata,  Br.    .     .  67 

Cunninghamii,  Sch.  68 

Dalrympleana,  F.  M.  65 

glabrata,  Br.  .  .  .  68 
'Leichhardtii,  F.M.  65,  66 

lignum-vitffi,  Cunn.  .  67 

littoralis,  Cunn.  .     .  68 

macrophylla,  Br.     .  65 

melicopea,  F.  MueU.  68 

ovata,  Thunb.     .     .  67 

timorensis,  Walp.     .  68 

Tracyana,  F.  Muell.  62 


trifolia,  Linn. 
Volkameria. 
tomentosa,  Vent. 


Page 


63 


Walcottia 
eriobotrya,  F.  Muell.     39 

WardeUia 
paniculata,    F.   Mu.   287 

Westringia  .  .  .  .127 
angustifolia,  Br.  .  130 
brevifolia,  Benth.  .  128 
capitata,  Bartl.  .  .123 
cephalantha,  F.  Mu.  127 
cinerea,  Br.  .  .  .130 
Dampieri,  Br.  .  .129 
eremicola,  Cunn.  .  130 
glabra,  Br.  ...  131 
gra.n(liMia,,  F.  Muell.  128 
greviliina,  F.  Muell.  129 
longifolia,  Br.  .  .  131 
longifoiia,  Lindl.  .  130 
rigida,  Br.  .  .  .129 
rosmarinacea,  Andr.  128 
rosmariniformis,  Sm.  128 
rubiEefoIia,  Br.  .  .  131 
senifolia.  F.Muell.  .  130 
serpyllifolia,  Bartl.  126 
violacea,  F.  Muell.  .   131 

Wilkiea 

calyptrocalyx,  F.  M.  289 
Huegeliana,  A.  DC.  286 
macrophylla,  A.  DC.  289 

Xylomelum  ....  407 
angustifolium,  Kipp.  409 
o;cidenta!e,  Br.  .  .  408 
pyriforme,  Knight  .  408 
salicinum,  Cunn.  .  408 
Scottianum,  F.   Mu.  409 


Zapania 

nodiflora,  Lam. 


35 


END    OF    VOL.    V. 


lomdon  : 

bavill,  bbwabds  and  co.,  peintbbs,  chandos  stbkkt, 

cotbnt  sabden. 


lifSiiffliiilliii||ii